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Kato M, Ota A, Ono T, Karnan S, Hyodo T, Rahman ML, Hasan MN, Onda M, Kondo S, Ito K, Furuhashi A, Hayashi T, Konishi H, Tsuzuki S, Hosokawa Y, Kazaoka Y. PDZ-binding kinase inhibitor OTS514 suppresses the proliferation of oral squamous carcinoma cells. Oral Dis 2024; 30:223-234. [PMID: 36799330 DOI: 10.1111/odi.14533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE PDZ-binding kinase (PBK) has been reported as a poor prognostic factor and is a promising molecular target for anticancer therapeutics. Here, we aimed to investigate the effect of specific PBK inhibitor OTS514 on the survival of OSCC cells. METHODS Four OSCC cell lines (HSC-2, HSC-3, SAS, and OSC-19) were used to examine the effect of OTS514 on cell survival and apoptosis. DNA microarray analysis was conducted to investigate the effect of OTS514 on gene expression in OSCC cells. Gene set enrichment analysis was performed to identify molecular signatures related to the antiproliferative effect of OTS514. RESULTS OTS514 decreased the cell survival of OSCC cells dose-dependently, and administration of OTS514 readily suppressed the HSC-2-derived tumor growth in immunodeficient mice. Treatment with OTS514 significantly increased the number of apoptotic cells and caspase-3/7 activity. Importantly, OTS514 suppressed the expression of E2F target genes with a marked decrease in protein levels of E2F1, a transcriptional factor. Moreover, TP53 knockdown attenuated OTS514-induced apoptosis. CONCLUSION OTS514 suppressed the proliferation of OSCC cells by downregulating the expression of E2F target genes and induced apoptosis by mediating the p53 signaling pathway. These results highlight the clinical application of PBK inhibitors in the development of molecular-targeted therapeutics against OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikako Kato
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Aichi Medical University Hospital, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Akinobu Ota
- Department of Biochemistry, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Takayuki Ono
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Aichi Medical University Hospital, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Sivasundaram Karnan
- Department of Biochemistry, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Toshinori Hyodo
- Department of Biochemistry, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Md Lutfur Rahman
- Department of Biochemistry, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Muhammad Nazmul Hasan
- Department of Biochemistry, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Maho Onda
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Aichi Medical University Hospital, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Sayuri Kondo
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Aichi Medical University Hospital, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Kunihiro Ito
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Aichi Medical University Hospital, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Akifumi Furuhashi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Aichi Medical University Hospital, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Tomio Hayashi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Aichi Medical University Hospital, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Konishi
- Department of Biochemistry, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Shinobu Tsuzuki
- Department of Biochemistry, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Hosokawa
- Department of Biochemistry, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Kazaoka
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Aichi Medical University Hospital, Nagakute, Japan
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Al-Shar'i NA. The design of TOPK inhibitors using similarity search, molecular docking, and MD simulations. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024:1-12. [PMID: 38358833 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2024.2319107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Cancer is still a major cause of death worldwide. Unfortunately, the majority of current anticancer treatments suffer many limitations, mainly emergence of resistance and lack of selectivity which necessitate the search for new therapeutics. The TOPK enzyme emerges as a promising target due to its overexpression in many cancer types while being rarely detected in normal tissues. Therefore, targeting TOPK would affect the malignant activity of cancerous cells while sparing normal ones. Further, its vital role in cell division, particularly in cytokinesis, adds to its safety to normal non-multiplying cells. In this study, a combined ligand and structure-based approach was utilized to identify potential TOPK inhibitors. Previously, we identified TOPK inhibitors using a structure-based approach following the construction of a 3D homology model of the TOPK enzyme. Herein, the most active identified inhibitor (lead) was used as a search query to conduct similarity search against PubChem and ChemBridge databases. Retrieved hits were filtered using drug-like filters, docked into the ATP binding site of the enzyme, and finally, the binding free energies of all docked poses were calculated. Based on the computational scores, eight hits were selected as potential TOPK inhibitors. The predicted ADMET descriptors of the eight selected hits were generally favorable. Further, MD simulations of the top scoring hit were conducted to investigate its binding dynamics compared to the lead compound and OTS964 which agreed with the docking results and propose the selected hits as potential TOPK inhibitors. Yet, biochemical testing is still needed to validate these results.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nizar A Al-Shar'i
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
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3
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Fang Q, Liu C, Nie D, Guo J, Xie W, Zhang Y. Phosphorylation of PBK at Thr9 by CDK5 correlates with invasion of prolactinomas. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14629. [PMID: 38363020 PMCID: PMC10870245 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Prolactinomas are the most prevalent functional pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (PitNETs), and they are invasive to surrounding anatomic structures. The detailed mechanisms of invasion are not yet clear. OBJECTIVE We explored the role of PBK phosphorylation in the proliferation and invasion of prolactinomas and its possible mechanism. RESULTS We report that PBK directly binds to and is phosphorylated at Thr9 by cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5), which promotes GH3 cell EMT progression and proliferation. Phosphorylation of PBK at Thr9 (pPBK-T9) by CDK5 enhances the stability of PBK. p38 is one of the downstream targets of PBK, and its phosphorylation is reduced as pPBK-T9 increases in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, we found that pPBK-T9 is highly expressed in invasive PitNETs and was significantly correlated with invasion by univariate and multivariate analyses. CONCLUSIONS Phosphorylation of PBK at Thr9 by CDK5 promotes cell proliferation and EMT progression in prolactinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyue Fang
- Beijing Neurosurgical InstituteCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Changxiaofeng Liu
- Beijing Neurosurgical InstituteCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Ding Nie
- Beijing Neurosurgical InstituteCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Jing Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Weiyan Xie
- Beijing Neurosurgical InstituteCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Yazhuo Zhang
- Beijing Neurosurgical InstituteCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
- Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders Brain Tumor Center, China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological DiseasesKey Laboratory of Central Nervous System Injury ResearchBeijingChina
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Parvaresh H, Roozitalab G, Golandam F, Behzadi P, Jabbarzadeh Kaboli P. Unraveling the Potential of ALK-Targeted Therapies in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: Comprehensive Insights and Future Directions. Biomedicines 2024; 12:297. [PMID: 38397899 PMCID: PMC10887432 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12020297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and Objective: This review comprehensively explores the intricate landscape of anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK), focusing specifically on its pivotal role in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Tracing ALK's discovery, from its fusion with nucleolar phosphoprotein (NPM)-1 in anaplastic large cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (ALCL) in 1994, the review elucidates the subsequent impact of ALK gene alterations in various malignancies, including inflammatory myofibroblastoma and NSCLC. Approximately 3-5% of NSCLC patients exhibit complex ALK rearrangements, leading to the approval of six ALK-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) by 2022, revolutionizing the treatment landscape for advanced metastatic ALK + NSCLC. Notably, second-generation TKIs such as alectinib, ceritinib, and brigatinib have emerged to address resistance issues initially associated with the pioneer ALK-TKI, crizotinib. Methods: To ensure comprehensiveness, we extensively reviewed clinical trials on ALK inhibitors for NSCLC by 2023. Additionally, we systematically searched PubMed, prioritizing studies where the terms "ALK" AND "non-small cell lung cancer" AND/OR "NSCLC" featured prominently in the titles. This approach aimed to encompass a spectrum of relevant research studies, ensuring our review incorporates the latest and most pertinent information on innovative and alternative therapeutics for ALK + NSCLC. Key Content and Findings: Beyond exploring the intricate details of ALK structure and signaling, the review explores the convergence of ALK-targeted therapy and immunotherapy, investigating the potential of immune checkpoint inhibitors in ALK-altered NSCLC tumors. Despite encouraging preclinical data, challenges observed in trials assessing combinations such as nivolumab-crizotinib, mainly due to severe hepatic toxicity, emphasize the necessity for cautious exploration of these novel approaches. Additionally, the review explores innovative directions such as ALK molecular diagnostics, ALK vaccines, and biosensors, shedding light on their promising potential within ALK-driven cancers. Conclusions: This comprehensive analysis covers molecular mechanisms, therapeutic strategies, and immune interactions associated with ALK-rearranged NSCLC. As a pivotal resource, the review guides future research and therapeutic interventions in ALK-targeted therapy for NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannaneh Parvaresh
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad 9177948974, Iran
- Division of Cancer Discovery Network, Dr. Parham Academy, Taichung 40602, Taiwan; (G.R.)
| | - Ghazaal Roozitalab
- Division of Cancer Discovery Network, Dr. Parham Academy, Taichung 40602, Taiwan; (G.R.)
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa 7461686688, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Golandam
- Division of Cancer Discovery Network, Dr. Parham Academy, Taichung 40602, Taiwan; (G.R.)
- Department of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad 9177948974, Iran
| | - Payam Behzadi
- Department of Microbiology, Shahr-e-Qods Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran 37541-374, Iran;
| | - Parham Jabbarzadeh Kaboli
- Division of Cancer Discovery Network, Dr. Parham Academy, Taichung 40602, Taiwan; (G.R.)
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, China Medical University, Taichung 407, Taiwan
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Xiang Y, Wan F, Ren Y, Yang D, Xiang K, Zhu B, Ruan X, Li S, Zhang L, Liu X, Si Y, Liu Y. Polyphyllin VII induces autophagy-dependent ferroptosis in human gastric cancer through targeting T-lymphokine-activated killer cell-originated protein kinase. Phytother Res 2023; 37:5803-5820. [PMID: 37632389 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
T-lymphokine-activated killer cell-originated protein kinase (TOPK) is a serine-threonine kinase that is overexpressed in gastric cancer (GC) and promotes tumor progression. Polyphyllin VII (PPVII), a pennogenin isolated from the rhizomes of Paris polyphylla, shows anticancer effects. Here, we explored the antitumor activity and mechanism of PPVII in GC. Ferroptosis was detected by transmission electron microscope, malondialdehyde, and iron determination assays. Autophagy and its upstream signaling pathway were detected by Western blot, and gene alterations. The binding of PPVII and TOPK was examined through microscale thermophoresis and drug affinity responsive target stability assays. An in vivo mouse model was performed to evaluate the therapeutic of PPVII. PPVII inhibits GC by inducing autophagy-mediated ferroptosis. PPVII promotes the degradation of ferritin heavy chain 1, which is responsible for autophagy-mediated ferroptosis. PPVII activates the Unc-51-like autophagy-activating kinase 1 (ULK1) upstream of autophagy. PPVII inhibits the activity of TOPK, thereby weakening the inhibition of downstream ULK1. PPVII stabilizes the dimer of the inactive form of TOPK by direct binding. PPVII inhibits tumor growth without causing obvious toxicity in vivo. Collectively, this study suggests that PPVII is a potential agent for the treatment of GC by targeting TOPK to activate autophagy-mediated ferroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchen Xiang
- Laboratory of Molecular Target Therapy of Cancer, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
| | - Fang Wan
- Laboratory of Molecular Target Therapy of Cancer, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
| | - Yuliang Ren
- Laboratory of Molecular Target Therapy of Cancer, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
| | - Dan Yang
- Laboratory of Molecular Target Therapy of Cancer, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
| | - Ke Xiang
- Gucheng People's Hospital, Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, Hubei, China
| | - Bingxin Zhu
- Laboratory of Molecular Target Therapy of Cancer, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
| | - Xuzhi Ruan
- Laboratory of Molecular Target Therapy of Cancer, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
| | - Shuzhen Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Target Therapy of Cancer, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular Target Therapy of Cancer, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
| | - Xuewen Liu
- Laboratory of Molecular Target Therapy of Cancer, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
| | - Yuan Si
- Laboratory of Molecular Target Therapy of Cancer, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Laboratory of Molecular Target Therapy of Cancer, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
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6
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Zeng F, Lu H, Wu M, Dai C, Li J, Wang J, Hu G. Topical application of TOPK inhibitor OTS514 suppresses psoriatic progression by inducing keratinocytes cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Exp Dermatol 2023; 32:1823-1833. [PMID: 37578092 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
T-LAK cell-oriented protein kinase (TOPK) potently promotes malignant proliferation of tumour cells and is considered as a maker of tumour progression. Psoriasis is a common inflammatory skin disease characterized by abnormal proliferation of keratinocytes. However, the role of TOPK in psoriasis has not been well elucidated. This study aims to investigate the expression and role of TOPK in psoriasis, and the role of TOPK inhibitor in psoriasis attenuation. Gene Expression Omnibus datasets derived from psoriasis patients and psoriatic model mice were screened for analysis. Skin specimens from psoriasis patients were collected for TOPK immunohistochemical staining to investigate the expression and localization of TOPK. Next, psoriatic mice model was established to further confirm TOPK expression pattern. Then, TOPK inhibitor was applied to investigate the role of TOPK in psoriasis progression. Finally, cell proliferation assay, apoptosis assay and cell cycle analysis were performed to investigate the potential mechanism involved. Our study showed that TOPK was upregulated in the lesions of both psoriasis patients and psoriatic model mice, and TOPK levels were positively associated with psoriasis progression. TOPK was upregulated in psoriatic lesions and expressed predominantly by epidermal keratinocytes. In addition, TOPK levels in epidermal keratinocytes were positively correlated with epidermal hyperplasia. Furthermore, topical application of TOPK inhibitor OTS514 obviously alleviated disease severity and epidermal hyperplasia. Mechanismly, inhibiting TOPK induces G2/M phase arrest and apoptosis of keratinocytes, thereby attenuating epidermal hyperplasia and disease progression. Collectively, this study identifies that upregulation of TOPK in keratinocytes promotes psoriatic progression, and inhibiting TOPK attenuates epidermal hyperplasia and psoriatic progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanfan Zeng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hui Lu
- Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Mengjun Wu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chan Dai
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jianyu Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jinbiao Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Guoyun Hu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Martins S, Coletti R, Lopes MB. Disclosing transcriptomics network-based signatures of glioma heterogeneity using sparse methods. BioData Min 2023; 16:26. [PMID: 37752578 PMCID: PMC10523751 DOI: 10.1186/s13040-023-00341-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Gliomas are primary malignant brain tumors with poor survival and high resistance to available treatments. Improving the molecular understanding of glioma and disclosing novel biomarkers of tumor development and progression could help to find novel targeted therapies for this type of cancer. Public databases such as The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) provide an invaluable source of molecular information on cancer tissues. Machine learning tools show promise in dealing with the high dimension of omics data and extracting relevant information from it. In this work, network inference and clustering methods, namely Joint Graphical lasso and Robust Sparse K-means Clustering, were applied to RNA-sequencing data from TCGA glioma patients to identify shared and distinct gene networks among different types of glioma (glioblastoma, astrocytoma, and oligodendroglioma) and disclose new patient groups and the relevant genes behind groups' separation. The results obtained suggest that astrocytoma and oligodendroglioma have more similarities compared with glioblastoma, highlighting the molecular differences between glioblastoma and the others glioma subtypes. After a comprehensive literature search on the relevant genes pointed our from our analysis, we identified potential candidates for biomarkers of glioma. Further molecular validation of these genes is encouraged to understand their potential role in diagnosis and in the design of novel therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Martins
- NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University of Lisbon, Caparica, 2829-516, Portugal
| | - Roberta Coletti
- Center for Mathematics and Applications (NOVA Math), NOVA School of Science and Technology, Caparica, 2829-516, Portugal.
| | - Marta B Lopes
- NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University of Lisbon, Caparica, 2829-516, Portugal.
- Center for Mathematics and Applications (NOVA Math), NOVA School of Science and Technology, Caparica, 2829-516, Portugal.
- NOVA Laboratory for Computer Science and Informatics (NOVA LINCS), NOVA School of Science and Technology, Caparica, 2829-516, Portugal.
- UNIDEMI, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Caparica, 2829-516, Portugal.
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8
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Yan S, Yue S. Identification of early diagnostic biomarkers for breast cancer through bioinformatics analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e35273. [PMID: 37713876 PMCID: PMC10508380 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000035273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023] Open
Abstract
In the realm of clinical practice, there is currently an insufficiency of distinct biomarkers available for the detection of breast cancer. It is of utmost importance to promptly employ bioinformatics methodologies to investigate prospective biomarkers for breast cancer, with the ultimate goal of achieving early diagnosis of the disease. The initial phase of this investigation involved the identification of 2 breast cancer gene chips meeting the specified criteria within the gene expression omnibus database. Subsequently, paired data analysis was conducted on these datasets, leading to the identification of differentially expressed genes (DEGs). In addition, this study executed Gene Ontology enrichment analysis and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes pathway enrichment analysis. The subsequent stage involved the construction of a protein-protein interaction network graph using the STRING website and Cytoscape software, facilitating the calculation of Hub genes. Lastly, the UALCAN database and Kaplan-Meier survival plots were utilized to perform differential expression and survival analysis on the selected Hub genes. A total of 733 DEGs were identified from the combined analysis of 2 datasets. Among these DEGs, 441 genes were found to be downregulated, while 292 genes were upregulated. The selected DEGs underwent comprehensive analysis, including gene ontology enrichment analysis, Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes pathway enrichment analysis, and establishing a protein-protein interaction network. As a result, 10 Hub genes closely associated with early diagnosis of breast cancer were identified: PDZ-binding kinase, cell cycle protein A2, cell division cycle-associated protein 8, maternal embryonic leucine zipper kinase, nucleolar and spindle-associated protein 1, BIRC5, cell cycle protein B2, hyaluronan-mediated motility receptor, mitotic arrest deficient 2-like 1, and protein regulator of cytokinesis 1. The findings of this study unveiled the significant involvement of the identified 10 Hub genes in facilitating the growth and proliferation of cancer cells, particularly cell cycle protein A2, cell division cycle-associated protein 8, maternal embryonic leucine zipper kinase, nucleolar and spindle-associated protein 1, hyaluronan-mediated motility receptor, and protein regulator of cytokinesis 1, which demonstrated a more pronounced connection with the onset and progression of breast cancer. Further analysis through differential expression and survival analysis reaffirmed their strong correlation with the incidence of breast cancer. Consequently, the investigation of these 10 pertinent Hub genes presents novel prospects for potential biomarkers and valuable insights into the early diagnosis of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaozhang Yan
- Breast Department, Shanxi Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Shi Yue
- Breast Department, Shanxi Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
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Shi G, Cui Y, Zhao J, Liu J, Wang Y, Yang Y, Han J, Cheng X, Chen L, Yuan Y, Mi P. Identifying TOPK and Hypoxia Hallmarks in Esophageal Tumors for Photodynamic/Chemo/Immunotherapy and Liver Metastasis Inhibition with Nanocarriers. ACS NANO 2023; 17:6193-6207. [PMID: 36853935 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c07488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Although esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is one of the most lethal cancers, there are major bottlenecks in its therapeutic approaches, primarily the identification of clinically relevant targets and the lack of effective targeted therapeutics. Herein, we identified the hallmarks of ESCC, namely, high T-lymphokine-activated killer cell-originated protein kinase (TOPK) expression in human ESCC tumors and its correlation with poor patient prognosis and hypoxia in the tumor microenvironment. We developed hypoxia-sensitive nanoparticles encapsulating TOPK inhibitor OTS964 and photosensitizer chlorin e6 for the imaging-directed precision therapy of ESCC tumors. The sub-100 nm monodisperse nanoparticles efficiently delivered drugs into the human ESCC KYSE 150 cancer cells to kill the cells. The nanoparticles were selectively accumulated in the ESCC tumors after intravenous (i.v.) injection, thereby enabling the diagnosis and photoacoustic imaging-guided local laser irradiation of tumors. The combination of chemotherapy and photodynamic therapy effectively eradicated human ESCC KYSE 150 tumors and inhibited liver metastasis and recurrence by suppressing TOPK and inducing ESCC cell apoptosis. The nanoparticle-based therapies further stimulated high rates of natural killer cells in ESCC tumors, thereby exhibiting the potential of immunotherapy. This study identified important therapeutic targets of ESCC tumors and delineated an effective nanocarrier-based approach for tumor microenvironment and molecular targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guidong Shi
- Department of Radiology and Center for Medical Imaging, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No.17 South Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No.17 South Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Yongsheng Cui
- Department of Radiology and Center for Medical Imaging, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No.17 South Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Jinhua Zhao
- Department of Radiology and Center for Medical Imaging, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No.17 South Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Radiology and Center for Medical Imaging, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No.17 South Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Yao Wang
- Department of Radiology and Center for Medical Imaging, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No.17 South Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Yushang Yang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No.17 South Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Junhong Han
- Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics and Genomics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No.17 South Renmin Road, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xueqing Cheng
- Department of Radiology and Center for Medical Imaging, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No.17 South Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Longqi Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No.17 South Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Yong Yuan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No.17 South Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Peng Mi
- Department of Radiology and Center for Medical Imaging, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No.17 South Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
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Fadaei M, Kohansal M, Akbarpour O, Sami M, Ghanbariasad A. Network and functional analyses of differentially expressed genes in gastric cancer provide new biomarkers associated with disease pathogenesis. J Egypt Natl Canc Inst 2023; 35:8. [PMID: 37032412 DOI: 10.1186/s43046-023-00164-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastric cancer is a dominant source of cancer-related death around the globe and a serious threat to human health. However, there are very few practical diagnostic approaches and biomarkers for the treatment of this complex disease. METHODS This study aimed to evaluate the association between differentially expressed genes (DEGs), which may function as potential biomarkers, and the diagnosis and treatment of gastric cancer (GC). We constructed a protein-protein interaction network from DEGs followed by network clustering. Members of the two most extensive modules went under the enrichment analysis. We introduced a number of hub genes and gene families playing essential roles in oncogenic pathways and the pathogenesis of gastric cancer. Enriched terms for Biological Process were obtained from the "GO" repository. RESULTS A total of 307 DEGs were identified between GC and their corresponding normal adjacent tissue samples in GSE63089 datasets, including 261 upregulated and 261 downregulated genes. The top five hub genes in the PPI network were CDK1, CCNB1, CCNA2, CDC20, and PBK. They are involved in focal adhesion formation, extracellular matrix remodeling, cell migration, survival signals, and cell proliferation. No significant survival result was found for these hub genes. CONCLUSIONS Using comprehensive analysis and bioinformatics methods, important key pathways and pivotal genes related to GC progression were identified, potentially informing further studies and new therapeutic targets for GC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mousa Fadaei
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Maryam Kohansal
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
- Department of Biology, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mahsa Sami
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Ali Ghanbariasad
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran.
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran.
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11
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Peng S, Yin Y, Zhang Y, Zhu F, Yang G, Fu Y. FYN/TOPK/HSPB1 axis facilitates the proliferation and metastasis of gastric cancer. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2023; 42:80. [PMID: 37016377 PMCID: PMC10071617 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-023-02652-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND FYN is a nonreceptor tyrosine kinase that regulates diverse pathological processes. The pro-cancer role of FYN in multiple malignancies has been elucidated. However, the mechanisms that FYN promotes gastric cancer (GC) progression remain largely unknown. METHODS In vitro and in vivo assays were used to investigate the function of FYN. FYN, TOPK, p-TOPK expression in GC specimens were detected by immunohistochemistry. Phosphoproteomics assays identify TOPK downstream substrate molecules. The molecular mechanism was determined using COIP assays, pull-down assays, immunofluorescence co-localization assays, western blotting, 32p-labeled isotope radioautography assays, vitro kinase assays, and TOPK knockout mice. RESULTS FYN was found to be significantly upregulated in GC tissues as well as in GC cells. Knockdown of FYN expression markedly attenuated the malignant phenotype of GC cells in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, we identified TOPK/PBK as a novel downstream substrate of FYN, FYN directly phosphorylates TOPK at Y272. One phosphospecific antibodies against Y272 was developed to validate the phosphorylation of TOPK by FYN. Moreover, the TOPK-272F mutation impaired the interaction between TOPK and FYN, leading to disappeared TOPK phosphorylation. Consistently, human GC tissues displayed increased p-TOPK(Y272), which correlated with poor survival. Phosphoproteomics results showed a significant downregulation of both HSPB1 and p-HSPB1(ser15) in TOPK-knockdown cells, which was confirmed by TOPK-konckout mice. CONCLUSIONS FYN directly binds to TOPK in GC cells and phosphorylates TOPK at the Y272, which leads to proliferation and metastasis of GC. FYN-TOPK axis facilitates GC progression by phosphorylating HSPB1. Collectively, our study elucidates the pivotal role of the FYN-TOPK-HSPB1 cascade in GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- SanFei Peng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou, University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - YuHan Yin
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou, University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - YiZheng Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou, University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Feng Zhu
- Cancer Research Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541000, Guangxi, China
| | - Ge Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
| | - Yang Fu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou, University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
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12
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Zhao S, Cui J, Cao L, Han K, Ma X, Chen H, Yin S, Zhao C, Ma C, Hu H. Xanthohumol inhibits non-small cell lung cancer via directly targeting T-lymphokine-activated killer cell-originated protein kinase. Phytother Res 2023. [PMID: 36882184 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
Xanthohumol is a principal prenylated chalcone isolated from hops. Previous studies have shown that xanthohumol was effective against various types of cancer, but the mechanisms, especially the direct targets for xanthohumol to exert an anticancer effect, remain elusive. Overexpression of T-lymphokine-activated killer cell-originated protein kinase (TOPK) promotes tumorigenesis, invasion and metastasis, implying the likely potential for targeting TOPK in cancer prevention and treatment. In the present study, we found that xanthohumol significantly inhibited the cell proliferation, migration and invasion of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in vitro and suppressed tumor growth in vivo, which is well correlated with inactivating TOPK, evidenced by reduced phosphorylation of TOPK and its downstream signaling histone H3 and Akt, and decreased its kinase activity. Moreover, molecular docking and biomolecular interaction analysis showed that xanthohumol was able to directly bind to the TOPK protein, suggesting that TOPK inactivation by xanthohumol is attributed to its ability to directly interact with TOPK. The findings of the present study identified TOPK as a direct target for xanthohumol to exert its anticancer activity, revealing novel insight into the mechanisms underlying the anticancer activity of xanthohumol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Zhao
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jinling Cui
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Lixing Cao
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Kai Han
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xuan Ma
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Chen
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Shutao Yin
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Chong Zhao
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Changwei Ma
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Hongbo Hu
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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13
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Feng T, Jiang R, Yin L, Xu C, Ma J, Yin W, Jin J, Lu T, Liu X, Lyu Y, Yang Y, Ying L, Hu Q, Su D, Ling S. PDZ-binding kinase aggravates pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasm progression by activating the AKT/mTOR pathway. Mol Carcinog 2023; 62:716-726. [PMID: 36807309 DOI: 10.1002/mc.23519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
The therapeutic effects of existing drug regimens against pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (pNENs) remain limited, and identifying ideal therapeutic targets is warranted. PDZ binding kinase (PBK) may play an oncogenic role in most solid tumors. However, its function in pNEN remains unclear. In this study, pNEN samples and International Cancer Genome Consortium data were used to determine the clinical significance of PBK. Cell counting and CCK8 assays were used to assess cell proliferation. Flow cytometry was used to assess drug-induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. An in vivo PBK-targeting experiment was performed in mice bearing pNENs. Western blotting, quantitative PCR, and immunohistochemistry were performed to assess the molecular mechanisms. PBK was significantly upregulated in pNEN tissues compared with paracancerous tissues. Additionally, PBK was a poor prognostic factor for pNEN patients. PBK was found to promote the proliferation of pNEN cells by activating the AKT/mTOR pathway. Furthermore, PBK inhibition combined with everolimus treatment had enhanced antitumour effects on pNEN via inhibiting AKT/mTOR pathway and inducing G0/G1 phase cell cycle arrest. This study highlights that PBK plays an oncogenic role in and is a promising therapeutic target for pNEN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Feng
- Department of Pathology, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ruibin Jiang
- Cancer Research Institute, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lu Yin
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Center for Integrated Oncology and Precision Medicine, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chenyang Xu
- Department of Oncology, The First Clinical Medical College of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jian Ma
- Department of Immunology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Wenjuan Yin
- Department of Pathology, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiaoyue Jin
- Department of Pathology, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tingting Lu
- Department of Oncology, The First Clinical Medical College of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xinyuan Liu
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yingqi Lyu
- Department of Oncology, The First Clinical Medical College of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ying Yang
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lisha Ying
- Cancer Research Institute, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qichao Hu
- Key Laboratory of Digital Technology in Medical Diagnostics of Zhejiang Province, Dian Diagnostics Group Co. Ltd., Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Dan Su
- Department of Pathology, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Sunbin Ling
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Center for Integrated Oncology and Precision Medicine, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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14
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Alsadat Mahmoudian R, Amirhosein M, Mahmoudian P, Fardi Golyan F, Mokhlessi L, Maftooh M, Khazaei M, Nassiri M, Mahdi Hassanian S, Ghayour-Mobarhan M, Ferns GA, Shahidsales S, Avan A. The therapeutic potential value of Cancer-testis antigens in immunotherapy of gastric cancer. Gene 2023; 853:147082. [PMID: 36464170 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.147082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is the fourth most common cause of mortality and the fifth for incidence, globally. Diagnosis, early prognosis, and therapy remains challenging for this condition, and new tumor-associated antigens are required for its detection and immunotherapy. Cancer-testis antigens (CTAs) are a subfamily of tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) that have been identified as potential biomarkers and targets for cancer immunotherapy. The CTAs-restricted expression pattern in tumor cells and their potential immunogenicity identify them as attractive target candidates in CTA-based diagnosis or prognosis or immunotherapy. To date, numerous studies have reported the dysregulation of CTAs in GC. Several clinical trials have been done to assess CTA-based immunotherapeutic potential in the treatment of GC patients. NY-ESO-1, MAGE, and KK-LC-1 have been used in GC clinical trials. We review recent studies that have investigated the potential of the CTAs in GC regarding the expression, function, aggressive phenotype, prognosis, and immunological responses as well as their possible clinical significance as immunotherapeutic targets with a focus on challenges and future interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reihaneh Alsadat Mahmoudian
- Cancer Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Basic Sciences Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Maharati Amirhosein
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Parvaneh Mahmoudian
- Medical Genetics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Fatemeh Fardi Golyan
- Medical Genetics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Leila Mokhlessi
- Centre for Biomedical Education and Research, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany.
| | - Mina Maftooh
- Medical Genetics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Majid Khazaei
- Basic Sciences Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Mohammadreza Nassiri
- Recombinant Proteins Research Group, The Research Institute of Biotechnology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Seyed Mahdi Hassanian
- Basic Sciences Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Majid Ghayour-Mobarhan
- Basic Sciences Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Gordon A Ferns
- Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Department of Medical Education, Falmer, Brighton, Sussex BN1 9PH, UK.
| | | | - Amir Avan
- Basic Sciences Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Medical Genetics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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15
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Qiao L, Ba J, Xie J, Zhu R, Wan Y, Zhang M, Jin Z, Guo Z, Yu J, Chen S, Yao Y. Overexpression of PBK/TOPK relates to poor prognosis of patients with breast cancer: a retrospective analysis. World J Surg Oncol 2022; 20:316. [PMID: 36171591 PMCID: PMC9520922 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-022-02769-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background PDZ-binding kinase/T-lymphokine-activated killer cell-derived protein kinase (PBK/TOPK) is a potential prognostic indicator for patients with breast cancer. The objective of the present study was to explore the relationship between PBK/TOPK expression and clinicopathological indicators as well as the survival of patients with breast cancer. Methods Immunohistochemical staining was used to detect the expression of PBK/TOPK in 202 cases of breast cancer tissues. The relationship between PBK/TOPK and clinicopathological parameters was evaluated using Spearman’s rank-order correlation. The difference in PBK/TOPK expression among different molecular types was analyzed with the chi-square test. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to create a survival curve and the log rank test was used to analyze the overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS). Prognostic correlation was assessed using univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses. Results Among 202 breast cancer samples, PBK/TOPK was expressed (“+” and “++”) in 182 samples (90.1%). In addition, the histological grade, TNM stages, lymph node metastasis, estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER-2), and Ki-67 were positively associated with PBK/TOPK expression. With regard to the molecular type, the expression of PBK/TOPK is different. The expression level of PBK/TOPK was negatively correlated with both the OS and DFS of breast cancer patients. The difference in the above results is meaningful (P < 0.05). Conclusions PBK/TOPK is overexpressed in breast cancer, and the expression is closely related to the clinicopathological characteristics of the disease. Breast cancer patients with high expression of PBK/TOPK have a poor prognosis. Therefore, healthcare providers can optimize breast cancer management using this indicator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Qiao
- The Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Dalian University, No. 6, Jiefang Street, Zhongshan District, Dalian, 116001, China
| | - Jinling Ba
- The Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Dalian University, No. 6, Jiefang Street, Zhongshan District, Dalian, 116001, China
| | - Jiping Xie
- The Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Dalian University, No. 6, Jiefang Street, Zhongshan District, Dalian, 116001, China
| | - Ruiping Zhu
- The Pathology Department, Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Dalian University, Dalian, 116001, China
| | - Yi Wan
- The Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Dalian University, No. 6, Jiefang Street, Zhongshan District, Dalian, 116001, China
| | - Min Zhang
- The Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Dalian University, No. 6, Jiefang Street, Zhongshan District, Dalian, 116001, China
| | - Zeyu Jin
- The Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Dalian University, No. 6, Jiefang Street, Zhongshan District, Dalian, 116001, China
| | - Zicheng Guo
- The Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Dalian University, No. 6, Jiefang Street, Zhongshan District, Dalian, 116001, China
| | - Jiaxuan Yu
- The Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Dalian University, No. 6, Jiefang Street, Zhongshan District, Dalian, 116001, China
| | - Sijing Chen
- The Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Dalian University, No. 6, Jiefang Street, Zhongshan District, Dalian, 116001, China
| | - Yongqiang Yao
- The Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Dalian University, No. 6, Jiefang Street, Zhongshan District, Dalian, 116001, China.
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16
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Inhibiting ALK-TOPK signaling pathway promotes cell apoptosis of ALK-positive NSCLC. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:828. [PMID: 36167821 PMCID: PMC9515217 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05260-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
T-LAK cell-oriented protein kinase (TOPK) is a potential therapeutic target in tumors. However, its role in anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)-positive non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has not been reported. Here, we found that TOPK was highly expressed in ALK-positive NSCLC. Additionally, ALK was identified as another upstream kinase of TOPK by in vitro kinase assay screening. Then, it was proven that ALK phosphorylated TOPK at Y74 in vitro and ex vivo, and the pathways downstream of ALK-TOPK were explored by phosphoproteomic analysis. Subsequently, we demonstrated that inhibiting TOPK enhanced tumor sensitivity to alectinib (an ALK inhibitor). The combination of alectinib and HI-032 (a TOPK inhibitor) suppressed the growth and promoted the apoptosis of ALK-positive NSCLC cells ex vivo and in vivo. Our findings reveal a novel ALK-TOPK signaling pathway in ALK-positive NSCLC. The combination of alectinib and HI-032 might be a promising therapeutic strategy for improving the sensitivity of ALK-positive NSCLC to targeted therapy.
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17
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Ma H, Qi G, Han F, Peng J, Yuan C, Kong B. PBK drives PARP inhibitor resistance through the TRIM37/NFκB axis in ovarian cancer. EXPERIMENTAL & MOLECULAR MEDICINE 2022; 54:999-1010. [PMID: 35859118 PMCID: PMC9355941 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-022-00809-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Resistance to PARP inhibitors (PARPi) remains a therapeutic challenge in ovarian cancer patients. PDZ-binding kinase (PBK) participates in the chemoresistance of many malignancies. However, the role of PBK in PARPi resistance of ovarian cancer is obscure. In the current study, we demonstrated that overexpression of PBK contributed to olaparib resistance in ovarian cancer cells. Knockdown of PBK sensitized olaparib-resistant SKOV3 cells to olaparib. Inhibition of PBK using a specific inhibitor enhanced the therapeutic efficiency of olaparib. Mechanically, PBK directly interacted with TRIM37 to promote its phosphorylation and nuclear translocation. which subsequently activates the NFκB pathway. Additionally, PBK enhanced olaparib resistance of ovarian cancer by regulating the NFκB/TRIM37 axis in vitro and in vivo. In conclusion, PBK confers ovarian cancer resistance to PARPi through activating the TRIM37-mediated NFκB pathway, and targeted inhibition of PBK provided the new therapy to improve PARPi treatment outcomes for ovarian cancer patients. An enzyme implicated in tumor progression also helps cancers thwart a commonly used type of targeted drug therapy. Beihua Kong and colleagues from Shandong University, Jinan, China, showed how PDZ-binding kinase (PBK), an enzyme that promotes the proliferation and spread of cancer cells, activates a signaling pathway that renders tumors resistant to treatment with olaparib. This precision anti-cancer drug works by blocking a protein called PARP that normally helps cells repair damaged DNA. The researchers showed how PBK interacts with another protein to stimulate a transcription factor previously shown to reduce the effectiveness of radiation and chemotherapy. Blocking the activity of PBK, either pharmacologically or genetically, enhanced the sensitivity of ovarian cancer cells to olaparib. A similar drug strategy could help improve outcomes for cancer patients undergoing PARP inhibitor treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanlin Ma
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China.,Gynecologic Oncology Key Laboratory of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China.,School of Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Gonghua Qi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China.,Gynecologic Oncology Key Laboratory of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Fang Han
- Department of Ophthalmology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Jiali Peng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China.,Gynecologic Oncology Key Laboratory of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Cunzhong Yuan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China.,Gynecologic Oncology Key Laboratory of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Beihua Kong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China. .,Gynecologic Oncology Key Laboratory of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China.
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18
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Takashima Y, Komatsu S, Ohashi T, Kiuchi J, Kamiya H, Shimizu H, Arita T, Konishi H, Shiozaki A, Kubota T, Okamoto K, Fujiwara H, Tsuda H, Otsuji E. Overexpression of Tetraspanin31 contributes to malignant potential and poor outcomes in gastric cancer. Cancer Sci 2022; 113:1984-1998. [PMID: 35307915 PMCID: PMC9207375 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Tetraspanin has important functions in many cancers by aggregating with various proteins that interact with intracellular signaling proteins. The molecular function of Tetraspanin31 (TSPAN31), located in the 12q14 amplified region in various cancers, remains unclear in gastric cancer (GC). We tested whether TSPAN31 acts as a cancer‐promoting gene through its activation or overexpression in GC. We analyzed seven GC cell lines and 189 primary tumors, which were curatively resected in our hospital between 2011 and 2013. Overexpression of the TSPAN31 protein was frequently detected in three GC cell lines (42.9%) and 62 primary GC specimens (32.8%). Overexpression of TSPAN31 was significantly correlated with lymphatic invasion, venous invasion, more advanced pT and pN stages, and a higher recurrence rate. Moreover, TSPAN31 positivity was an independent factor predicting worse patient outcomes (p = 0.0283, hazard ratio 3.97). Ectopic overexpression of TSPAN31 facilitated cell proliferation of GC cells, and knockdown of TSPAN31 inhibited cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and epithelial–mesenchymal transition of GC cells through the PI3K‐Akt pathway and increased cell apoptosis in a TP53 mutation‐independent manner. In vivo analysis also revealed knockdown of TSPAN31 suppressed tumor progression. In addition, knockdown of TSPAN31 improved chemosensitivity to cisplatin through the suppression of ABCC2. These findings suggest that TSPAN31 plays a crucial role in tumor‐malignant potential through overexpression, highlighting its utility as a prognostic factor and a potential therapeutic target in GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Takashima
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shuhei Komatsu
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takuma Ohashi
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Jun Kiuchi
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hajime Kamiya
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroki Shimizu
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Arita
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Konishi
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Atsushi Shiozaki
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kubota
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kazuma Okamoto
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Fujiwara
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Tsuda
- Department of Pathology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Basic Pathology, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Eigo Otsuji
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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Lee DH, Jeong YJ, Won JY, Sim HI, Park Y, Jin HS. PBK/TOPK Is a Favorable Prognostic Biomarker Correlated with Antitumor Immunity in Colon Cancers. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10020299. [PMID: 35203508 PMCID: PMC8869639 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10020299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy has proven efficacy in a subset of colon cancer patients featuring a deficient DNA mismatch repair system or a high microsatellite instability profile. However, there is high demand for more effective biomarkers to expand the colon cancer population responding to ICI therapy. PBK/TOPK, a serine/threonine kinase, plays a role in cell cycle regulation and mitotic progression. Here, we investigated the correlation between PBK/TOPK expression and tumor immunity and its prognostic value in colon cancer. Based on large-scale bioinformatics analysis, we discovered that elevated PBK/TOPK expression predicted a favorable outcome in patients with colon cancer and was positively associated with immune infiltration levels of CD8+ T cells, CD4+ T cells, natural killer cells, and M1 macrophages. In contrast, a negative correlation was found between PBK/TOPK expression and immune suppressor cells, including regulatory T cells and M2 macrophages. Furthermore, the expression of PBK/TOPK was correlated with the expression of T-cell cytotoxicity genes in colon cancer. Additionally, high PBK/TOPK expression was associated with mutations in DNA damage repair genes, and thus with increased tumor mutation and neoantigen burden. These findings suggest that PBK/TOPK may serve as a prognostic and predictive biomarker for immunotherapy in colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Hee Lee
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea; (D.-H.L.); (Y.-J.J.); (J.-Y.W.)
| | - Yu-Jeong Jeong
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea; (D.-H.L.); (Y.-J.J.); (J.-Y.W.)
| | - Ju-Young Won
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea; (D.-H.L.); (Y.-J.J.); (J.-Y.W.)
| | - Hye-In Sim
- Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Korea;
| | - Yoon Park
- Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Korea;
- Correspondence: (Y.P.); (H.-S.J.)
| | - Hyung-Seung Jin
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea; (D.-H.L.); (Y.-J.J.); (J.-Y.W.)
- Correspondence: (Y.P.); (H.-S.J.)
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20
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High expression of PDZ-binding kinase is correlated with poor prognosis and immune infiltrates in hepatocellular carcinoma. World J Surg Oncol 2022; 20:22. [PMID: 35065633 PMCID: PMC8783494 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-021-02479-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background PDZ-binding kinase (PBK) encodes a serine/threonine protein kinase related to the dual specific mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MAPKK) family. There is evidence that overexpression of this gene is associated with tumorigenesis. However, the role of PBK in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains unclear. Therefore, we evaluated the prognostic role of PBK and its correlation with immune infiltrates in hepatocellular carcinoma. Methods The expression of PBK in pan-cancers was studied by Onconmine and TIMER. The expression of PBK in HCC patients and its relationship with clinicopathological characteristics were analyzed using The Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA), The human protein atlas database (HPA), The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to determine the diagnostic value of PBK in HCC patients. The relationship between PBK and prognosis of HCC was performed by GEPIA and Kaplan Meier plotter web tool. The correlations between the clinical characteristics and overall survival were analyzed by Univariate Cox regression and Multivariate Cox hazards regression to identify possible prognostic factors for HCC patients. LinkedOmics was applied to investigate co-expression associated with PBK and to analyze Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways. The network map of PBK and related genes is constructed by GeneMANIA. Finally, TIMER and TISIDB were used to analyze the correlations between PBK and tumor-infiltrating immune cells. Results Multiple database analysis shows that PBK was highly expressed in many types of tumors, including hepatocellular carcinoma, and was significantly related to tumor stage (P=0.0089), age (P=0.0131), and race (P=0.0024) of HCC patients. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis showed that PBK had high diagnostic potential to HCC in GSE76427 (AUC=0.8799), GSE121248 (AUC=0.9224), GSE62232 (AUC=0.9975), and GSE84402 (AUC=0.9541). Multivariate Cox hazards regression showed that high expression of PBK may be an independent risk factor for overall survival in HCC patients (HR = 1.566, 95% CI=1.062–2.311, P= 0.024). The Protein–protein interaction network showed that PBK significantly interacted with LRRC47, ARAF, LGALS9B, TTK, DLG1, and other essential genes. Furthermore, enrichment analysis showed that PBK and co-expressed genes participated in many biological processes, cell composition, molecular functions, and pathways in HCC. Finally, the immune infiltration analysis by TIMER and TISIDB indicated that a significant tightly correlation between PBK and macrophages, neutrophils, as well as chemokines and receptors. Conclusions High expression of PBK is significantly correlated with poor survival and immune infiltrates in hepatocellular carcinoma. Our study suggests that PBK can be used as a biomarker of poor prognosis and potential immune therapy target in hepatocellular carcinoma. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12957-021-02479-w.
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21
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Koshino A, Nagano A, Ota A, Hyodo T, Ueki A, Komura M, Sugimura-Nagata A, Ebi M, Ogasawara N, Kasai K, Hosokawa Y, Kasugai K, Takahashi S, Inaguma S. PBK Enhances Cellular Proliferation With Histone H3 Phosphorylation and Suppresses Migration and Invasion With CDH1 Stabilization in Colorectal Cancer. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:772926. [PMID: 35115926 PMCID: PMC8804381 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.772926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most frequent gastrointestinal malignancies with high morbidity and mortality rates. Several biological markers for the prognostication of patient outcome of CRCs are available. Recently, our group identified two favorable factors for the survival of CRC patients: PDZ-binding kinase (PBK) and phospho-histone H3 (PHH3). Both showed a significant inverse association to pT stage. The aim of this study was to uncover the mechanism through which these cellular proliferation–associated protein expressions lead to favorable clinical outcome in CRC patients. We first confirmed co-expression of PBK and PHH3 in CRC cells. Further investigation showed that aberrantly expressed PBK up-regulated the cellular proliferation of CRC cells with accumulation of PHH3. The PBK inhibitor OTS514 suppressed cellular proliferation of CRC cells through down-regulation of PHH3 and induction of apoptosis. In vitro studies revealed that PBK suppressed the migration and invasion of CRC cells with suppression of Wnt/β-catenin signaling and CDH1 stabilization. Exogeneous PBK up-regulated the phosphorylated CDH1 at S840, S846, and S847 residues in cultured cells. Recombinant PBK directly phosphorylated HH3; however, it failed to phosphorylate CDH1 directly in vitro. The present study demonstrated the association of two markers PBK and PHH3 in CRC. We further identified one of the potential mechanisms by which higher expression of these cellular proliferation–associated proteins leads to the better survival of CRC patients, which likely involves PBK-mediated suppression of the migration and invasion of CRC cells. Our findings suggest that PBK-targeting therapeutics may be useful for the treatment of CRC patients with PBK-expressing tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Koshino
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Aya Nagano
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Tumor Biology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Akinobu Ota
- Department of Biochemistry, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Toshinori Hyodo
- Department of Biochemistry, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Akane Ueki
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Tumor Biology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masayuki Komura
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Tumor Biology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Akane Sugimura-Nagata
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Masahide Ebi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Naotaka Ogasawara
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Kenji Kasai
- Department of Pathology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Hosokawa
- Department of Biochemistry, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Kunio Kasugai
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Satoru Takahashi
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Tumor Biology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shingo Inaguma
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Tumor Biology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Pathology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Japan
- Department of Pathology, Nagoya City University East Medical Center, Nagoya, Japan
- *Correspondence: Shingo Inaguma,
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22
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The role of T-LAK cell-originated protein kinase in targeted cancer therapy. Mol Cell Biochem 2022; 477:759-769. [PMID: 35037144 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-021-04329-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Targeted therapy has gradually become the first-line clinical tumor therapy due to its high specificity and low rate of side effects. TOPK (T-LAK cell-originated protein kinase), a MAP kinase, is highly expressed in various tumor tissues, while it is rarely expressed in normal tissues, with the exceptions of testicular germ cells and some fetal tissues. It can promote cancer cell proliferation and migration and is also related to drug resistance. Therefore, TOPK is considered a good therapeutic target. Moreover, a number of studies have shown that targeting TOPK can inhibit the proliferation of cancer cells and promote their apoptosis. Here, we discussed the biological functions of TOPK in cancer and summarized its tumor-related signaling network and known TOPK inhibitors. Finally, the role of TOPK in targeted cancer therapy was concluded, and future research directions for TOPK were assessed.
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23
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Fakhouri LI, Al-Shar'i NA. The design of TOPK inhibitors using structure-based pharmacophore modeling and molecular docking based on an MD-refined homology model. Mol Divers 2022; 26:2679-2702. [PMID: 35031933 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-021-10361-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The TOPK enzyme (also known as PBK) is a serine-threonine protein kinase that is rarely detected in normal tissues yet is found to be overexpressed and activated in a variety of cancers such as lung, colorectal, breast, and esophageal cancer. Its prevalence in cancerous cells is associated with their poor prognosis and responsiveness to treatment. This enzyme plays a vital role in cell division, specifically in regulating cytokinesis. Unlike drugs targeting early phases in mitosis, inhibition of cytokinesis by targeting biomolecules that are unique to multiplying cells poses no threat to the normal function of non-multiplying cells. Studies have shown that inhibition of cytokinesis is promising in suppressing the growth of proliferating cancerous cells as exemplified by the complete tumor regression seen with the suppression of TOPK. Herein, we report the identification of potent TOPK inhibitors with anticancer potential using a structure-based drug design approach. The only available crystal structure of TOPK corresponds to a double mutant (T9E and T198E) dimer with a distorted N-lobe conformation, thus 3D homology modeling was implemented to rebuild the enzyme's native conformation. The resulting refined model was used to generate 3D pharmacophore models for the virtual screening of small molecules databases. Retrieved hits were filtered, docked into the ATP binding site of the enzyme, rescored, and the binding free energies for the top consensually scoring hits were calculated. Consequently, 45 compounds were selected and their in vitro inhibitory activity against TOPK was tested revealing four potential hits with the most active compound having an IC50 of 3.85 µM. This compound will be chosen as a lead compound to synthesize analogs aiming to enhance potency and drug-like properties and to enrich the SAR data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara I Fakhouri
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 3030, Irbid, 22110, Jordan.
| | - Nizar A Al-Shar'i
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 3030, Irbid, 22110, Jordan.
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Wen H, Chen Z, Li M, Huang Q, Deng Y, Zheng J, Xiong M, Wang P, Zhang W. An Integrative Pan-Cancer Analysis of PBK in Human Tumors. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:755911. [PMID: 34859049 PMCID: PMC8631476 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.755911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: PDZ binding kinase (PBK) is a serine/threonine kinase, which belongs to the mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MAPKK) family. It has been shown to be a critical gene in the regulation of mitosis and tumorigenesis, but the role of PBK in various cancers remains unclear. In this study, we systematically explored the prognostic and predictive value of PBK expression in 33 cancer types. Methods: Public databases including the cBioPortal database, GDSC database, GTEx database, CCLE database, and TCGA database were used to detect the PBK expression and its association with the prognosis, clinicopathologic stage, TMB, MSI, immune microenvironment, immune checkpoints, immune cell infiltration, enrichment pathways, and IC50 across pan-cancer. The statistical analyses and visualization were conducted using R software. Results: PBK expression is relatively high in most cancers compared to their normal counterparts, and this gene is barely expressed in normal tissues. High expression of PBK is significantly associated with poor prognosis and clinicopathologic stages I, II, and III in different cancers. Furthermore, PBK expression is strongly associated with TMB in 23 cancer types and associated with MSI in nine cancer types. Moreover, the correlation analysis of the microenvironment and immune cells indicated that PBK is negatively correlated with the immune infiltration levels but positively correlated with the infiltration levels of M0 and M1 macrophages, T cells CD4 memory activated, and T cells follicular helper. GSEA analysis revealed that the biological function or pathways relevant to the cell cycle and mitosis were frequently enriched at the level of high expression of PBK. Conclusion: These results revealed the oncogenic role of PBK, which is significantly upregulated in various cancers and indicated poor prognosis and immune infiltration in multiple cancers. It also suggested that PBK may serve as a biomarker in multiple tumor progress and patient survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huantao Wen
- The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zitao Chen
- The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Min Li
- The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiongzhen Huang
- The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuhao Deng
- The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiawei Zheng
- The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Moliang Xiong
- The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pengfei Wang
- The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wangming Zhang
- The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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25
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Liu Y, Xiang J, Peng G, Shen C. Omics- and Pharmacogenomic Evidence for the Prognostic, Regulatory, and Immune-Related Roles of PBK in a Pan-Cancer Cohort. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:785370. [PMID: 34859058 PMCID: PMC8632063 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.785370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
PDZ-binding kinase (PBK) is known to regulate tumor progression in some cancer types. However, its relationship to immune cell infiltration and prognosis in different cancers is unclear. This was investigated in the present study by analyzing data from TCGA, GEO, GETx, TIMER, CPTAC, GEPIA2, cBioPortal, GSCALite, PROGNOSCAN, PharmacoDB, STRING, and ENCORI databases. PBK was overexpressed in most tumors including adenocortical carcinoma (hazard ratio [HR] = 2.178, p < 0.001), kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC; HR = 1.907, p < 0.001), kidney renal papillary cell carcinoma (HR = 3.024, p < 0.001), and lung adenocarcinoma (HR = 1.255, p < 0.001), in which it was associated with poor overall survival and advanced pathologic stage. PBK methylation level was a prognostic marker in thyroid carcinoma (THCA). PBK expression was positively correlated with the levels of BIRC5, CCNB1, CDC20, CDK1, DLGAP5, MAD2L1, MELK, PLK1, TOP2A, and TTK in 32 tumor types; and with the levels of the transcription factors E2F1 and MYC, which regulate apoptosis, the cell cycle, cell proliferation and invasion, tumorigenesis, and metastasis. It was also negatively regulated by the microRNAs hsa-miR-101-5p, hsa-miR-145-5p, and hsa-miR-5694. PBK expression in KIRC, liver hepatocellular carcinoma, THCA, and thymoma was positively correlated with the infiltration of immune cells including B cells, CD4+T cells, CD8+ T cells, macrophages, monocytes, and neutrophils. The results of the functional enrichment analysis suggested that PBK and related genes contribute to tumor development via cell cycle regulation. We also identified 20 drugs that potentially inhibit PBK expression. Thus, PBK is associated with survival outcome in a variety of cancers and may promote tumor development and progression by increasing immune cell infiltration into the tumor microenvironment. These findings indicate that PBK is a potential therapeutic target and has prognostic value in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Juan Xiang
- Department of Geriatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Gang Peng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Chenfu Shen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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26
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PDZ Binding Kinase/T-LAK Cell-Derived Protein Kinase Plays an Oncogenic Role and Promotes Immune Escape in Human Tumors. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2021; 2021:8892479. [PMID: 34603451 PMCID: PMC8486520 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8892479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background PDZ binding kinase (PBK)/T-LAK cell-derived protein kinase (TOPK) is an important mitotic kinase that promotes tumor progression in some cancers. However, the pan-cancer analysis of PBK/TOPK and its role in tumor immunity are limited. Methods The oncogenic and immune roles of PBK in various cancers were explored using multiple databases, including Oncomine, Human Protein Atlas, ULCAN, Tumor Immune Estimation Resource 2.0, STRING, and Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis 2, and data collected from The Cancer Genome Atlas and Genotype-Tissue Expression Project. Several bioinformatics tools and methods were used for quantitative analyses and panoramic descriptions, such as the DESeq2 and Tumor Immune Dysfunction and Exclusion (TIDE) algorithm. Results PBK was expressed at higher levels in most solid tumors than in normal tissues in multiple databases. PBK was associated with an advanced tumor stage and grade and a poor prognosis in most cases. PBK was associated with tumor immune cell infiltration in most cases and was especially positively correlated with TAMs, Tregs, MDSCs, and T cell exhaustion in KIRC, LGG, and LIHC. PBK was closely related to TMB, MSI, and immune checkpoint genes in various cancers, and patients with higher expression of PBK in KIRC, LGG, and LIHC had higher TIDE scores and lower immune responses in the predicted results. PBK was closely related to cell cycle regulation and immune-related processes in LIHC and LGG according to GO and KEGG enrichment analyses. Conclusions PBK may play an oncogenic role in most solid tumors and promotes immune escape, especially in KIRC, LGG, and LIHC. This study suggests the potential value of PBK inhibitors combined with immunotherapy.
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27
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van Breda SG, Mathijs K, Pieters HJ, Sági-Kiss V, Kuhnle GG, Georgiadis P, Saccani G, Parolari G, Virgili R, Sinha R, Hemke G, Hung Y, Verbeke W, Masclee AA, Vleugels-Simon CB, van Bodegraven AA, de Kok TM. Replacement of Nitrite in Meat Products by Natural Bioactive Compounds Results in Reduced Exposure to N-Nitroso Compounds: The PHYTOME Project. Mol Nutr Food Res 2021; 65:e2001214. [PMID: 34382747 PMCID: PMC8530897 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202001214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE It has been proposed that endogenously form N-nitroso compounds (NOCs) are partly responsible for the link between red meat consumption and colorectal cancer (CRC) risk. As nitrite has been indicated as critical factor in the formation of NOCs, the impact of replacing the additive sodium nitrite (E250) by botanical extracts in the PHYTOME project is evaluated. METHOD AND RESULTS A human dietary intervention study is conducted in which healthy subjects consume 300 g of meat for 2 weeks, in subsequent order: conventional processed red meat, white meat, and processed red meat with standard or reduced levels of nitrite and added phytochemicals. Consumption of red meat products enriched with phytochemicals leads to a significant reduction in the faecal excretion of NOCs, as compared to traditionally processed red meat products. Gene expression changes identify cell proliferation as main affects molecular mechanism. High nitrate levels in drinking water in combination with processed red meat intake further stimulates NOC formation, an effect that could be mitigated by replacement of E250 by natural plant extracts. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that addition of natural extracts to conventionally processed red meat products may help to reduce CRC risk, which is mechanistically support by gene expression analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone G van Breda
- Department of Toxicogenomics, GROW-school for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Karen Mathijs
- Department of Toxicogenomics, GROW-school for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Harm-Jan Pieters
- Department of Toxicogenomics, GROW-school for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Virág Sági-Kiss
- Department of Food & Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Gunter G Kuhnle
- Department of Food & Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Panagiotis Georgiadis
- National Hellenic Research Foundation, Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology, Athens, Greece
| | - Giovanna Saccani
- SSICA-Experimental Station for the Food Preserving Industry, Parma, Italy
| | - Giovanni Parolari
- SSICA-Experimental Station for the Food Preserving Industry, Parma, Italy
| | - Roberta Virgili
- SSICA-Experimental Station for the Food Preserving Industry, Parma, Italy
| | - Rashmi Sinha
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Gert Hemke
- Hemke Nutriconsult, Prins Clauslaan 70, 5684 GB Best, The Netherlands
| | - Yung Hung
- Department of Agricultural Economics, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, Gent, 9000, Belgium
| | - Wim Verbeke
- Department of Agricultural Economics, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, Gent, 9000, Belgium
| | - Ad A Masclee
- Division of Gastroenterology-Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Theo M de Kok
- Department of Toxicogenomics, GROW-school for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, the Netherlands
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- Department of Toxicogenomics, GROW-school for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, the Netherlands
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28
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Huang H, Lee MH, Liu K, Dong Z, Ryoo Z, Kim MO. PBK/TOPK: An Effective Drug Target with Diverse Therapeutic Potential. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13092232. [PMID: 34066486 PMCID: PMC8124186 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13092232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Cancer is a major public health problem worldwide, and addressing its morbidity, mortality, and prevalence is the first step towards appropriate control measures. Over the past several decades, many pharmacologists have worked to identify anti-cancer targets and drug development strategies. Within this timeframe, many natural compounds have been developed to inhibit cancer growth by targeting kinases, such as AKT, AURKA, and TOPK. Kinase assays and computer modeling are considered to be effective and powerful tools for target screening, as they can predict physical interactions between small molecules and their bio-molecular targets. In the present review, we summarize the inhibitors and compounds that target TOPK and describe its role in cancer progression. The extensive body of research that has investigated the contribution of TOPK to cancer suggests that it may be a promising target for cancer therapy. Abstract T-lymphokine-activated killer cell-originated protein kinase (TOPK, also known as PDZ-binding kinase or PBK) plays a crucial role in cell cycle regulation and mitotic progression. Abnormal overexpression or activation of TOPK has been observed in many cancers, including colorectal cancer, triple-negative breast cancer, and melanoma, and it is associated with increased development, dissemination, and poor clinical outcomes and prognosis in cancer. Moreover, TOPK phosphorylates p38, JNK, ERK, and AKT, which are involved in many cellular functions, and participates in the activation of multiple signaling pathways related to MAPK, PI3K/PTEN/AKT, and NOTCH1; thus, the direct or indirect interactions of TOPK make it a highly attractive yet elusive target for cancer therapy. Small molecule inhibitors targeting TOPK have shown great therapeutic potential in the treatment of cancer both in vitro and in vivo, even in combination with chemotherapy or radiotherapy. Therefore, targeting TOPK could be an important approach for cancer prevention and therapy. Thus, the purpose of the present review was to consider and analyze the role of TOPK as a drug target in cancer therapy and describe the recent findings related to its role in tumor development. Moreover, this review provides an overview of the current progress in the discovery and development of TOPK inhibitors, considering future clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Huang
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, ITRD, Kyungpook National University, Sangju 37224, Korea;
- China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou 450008, China; (K.L.); (Z.D.)
| | - Mee-Hyun Lee
- College of Korean Medicine, Dongshin University, Naju, Jeollanamdo 58245, Korea;
| | - Kangdong Liu
- China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou 450008, China; (K.L.); (Z.D.)
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, The Academy of Medical Science, College of Medical, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Zigang Dong
- China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou 450008, China; (K.L.); (Z.D.)
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, The Academy of Medical Science, College of Medical, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Zeayoung Ryoo
- School of Life Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
- Correspondence: (Z.R.); (M.O.K.); Tel.: +82-54-530-1234 (M.O.K.)
| | - Myoung Ok Kim
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, ITRD, Kyungpook National University, Sangju 37224, Korea;
- China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou 450008, China; (K.L.); (Z.D.)
- Correspondence: (Z.R.); (M.O.K.); Tel.: +82-54-530-1234 (M.O.K.)
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Miki Y, Devi L, Imai Y, Minami N, Koide T, Goel S. Deletion of the PDZ-binding kinase (Pbk) gene does not affect male fertility in mice. Reprod Fertil Dev 2021; 32:893-902. [PMID: 32586419 DOI: 10.1071/rd19445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The PDZ-binding kinase (PBK) protein is localised exclusively in spermatogenic cells, such as spermatogonia, spermatocytes and round spermatids, of the adult testis. However, its role in male fertility remains unknown. Analysis of adult Pbk-knockout (KO) male mice showed no significant difference in the weight of the testes, epididymis and seminal vesicle compared with adult wild-type (WT) mice. There were no significant differences in testis morphology, tubule diameter and the number of offspring born to females mated with KO or WT male mice. Sperm number, motility and morphology did not differ significantly between KO and WT mice. The oocyte fertilisation rate and embryo development following IVF were comparable between groups fertilised using spermatozoa from KO versus WT mice (P>0.05). Further analysis revealed that the phosphorylation of the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) p38 kinase, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and extracellular signal-regulated kinases was dysregulated in the testis of KO mice. In conclusion, Pbk-KO male mice are fertile and their spermatozoa and testis do not show any morphological and functional abnormalities despite the dysregulated phosphorylation of MAPKs. It is likely that functional redundancy of PBK and overlapping substrate specificities of the MAPK superfamily compensated for the loss of PBK from the testis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuka Miki
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Lalitha Devi
- Mouse Genomics Resource Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics, 1111 Yata, Mishima, Shizuoka-ken 411-8540, Japan; and Laboratory for the Conservation of Endangered Species, Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500 007, India
| | - Yuji Imai
- Mouse Genomics Resource Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics, 1111 Yata, Mishima, Shizuoka-ken 411-8540, Japan
| | - Naojiro Minami
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Koide
- Mouse Genomics Resource Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics, 1111 Yata, Mishima, Shizuoka-ken 411-8540, Japan
| | - Sandeep Goel
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan; and Laboratory for the Conservation of Endangered Species, Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500 007, India; and Corresponding author.
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Ma H, Han F, Yan X, Qi G, Li Y, Li R, Yan S, Yuan C, Song K, Kong B. PBK promotes aggressive phenotypes of cervical cancer through ERK/c-Myc signaling pathway. J Cell Physiol 2021; 236:2767-2781. [PMID: 33184870 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cervical cancer is the fourth most frequent cancer in women worldwide. PDZ-binding kinase (PBK) is proven to promote the malignant behaviors of various carcinomas. However, its functional roles and oncogenic mechanisms in cervical cancer are poorly understood. In this study, we reported that PBK was highly expressed in cervical cancer tissues. PBK promoted the proliferation, metastasis, and cisplatin resistance of cervical cancer cells. OTS514, a specific PBK inhibitor, could significantly suppress proliferation and metastasis of cervical cancer cells in vitro and in a xenograft model. Besides, OTS514 could enhance cisplatin-based chemosensitivity in cervical cancer cells. Mechanistically, PBK promoted the expression and stabilization of c-Myc through phosphorylating ERK1/2. OTS514 suppressed the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and the transcriptional activity of c-Myc. Furthermore, inhibition of the ERK signal pathway by U0126 reversed the increased proliferation and metastasis induced by overexpression of PBK. Exogenous expression of c-Myc counteracted the decreased proliferation and metastasis evoked by knockdown of PBK. In conclusion, PBK promoted the malignant progression of cervical cancer through ERK/c-Myc signal pathway. PBK might be a promising molecular target for cervical cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanlin Ma
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Department of Oncology, Gynecologic Oncology Key Laboratory of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Fang Han
- Department of Ophthalmology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaohui Yan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Binzhou People's Hospital, Binzhou, China
| | - Gonghua Qi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yingwei Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Department of Cell Biology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Rongrong Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Department of Oncology, Gynecologic Oncology Key Laboratory of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Shi Yan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Department of Oncology, Gynecologic Oncology Key Laboratory of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Cunzhong Yuan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Department of Oncology, Gynecologic Oncology Key Laboratory of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Kun Song
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Department of Oncology, Gynecologic Oncology Key Laboratory of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Beihua Kong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Department of Oncology, Gynecologic Oncology Key Laboratory of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
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Li C, Lyu Y, Liu C, Yin S. The Role of PBK as a Potential Prognostic and Diagnostic Biomarker in Ovarian Cancer. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2021; 37:569-579. [PMID: 33794097 DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2020.4249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: As one of the three malignant genital tumors, mortality in women with ovarian cancer is consistently high worldwide. It is of great importance to find prognostic markers for diagnosis and treatment of ovarian cancer. In this study, the authors utilized the bioinformatics analysis to identify the potential key genes to reveal the potential mechanism for ovarian cancer. Methods: The authors used the gene expression profile (GSE14407) to perform differentially expressed gene (DEG) analysis and the weighted gene co-expression network analysis. They selected the key module and performed the gene ontology (GO) annotation and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis for the genes in the hub module. Then they screened the key genes in the hub module, and further validated their expression level. Results: A total of 3124 DEGs were detected after differential gene expression analysis; of these, 433 were upregulated genes and 2691 were downregulated genes. The authors selected the brown module that is significantly associated with the BRCA gene expression. Then they selected 30 hub genes from the protein-protein interaction network. And the authors identify the PDZ binding kinase (PBK) as the prognosis-associated hub gene whose expression was significantly high in the ovarian cancer tissue. Conclusions: The bioinformatics analysis for the DEGs could be important to understand the pathogenesis for ovarian cancer. In this study, PBK is identified as a potential marker that might improve the understanding of the molecular mechanism and the diagnosis level for ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuang Li
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Higher Education of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Yuan Lyu
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Higher Education of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Maternal-Fetal Medicine of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Caixia Liu
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Higher Education of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Maternal-Fetal Medicine of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Shaowei Yin
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Higher Education of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Maternal-Fetal Medicine of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
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Fu X, Zhao R, Yoon G, Shim JH, Choi BY, Yin F, Xu B, Laster KV, Liu K, Dong Z, Lee MH. 3-Deoxysappanchalcone Inhibits Skin Cancer Proliferation by Regulating T-Lymphokine-Activated Killer Cell-Originated Protein Kinase in vitro and in vivo. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:638174. [PMID: 33842463 PMCID: PMC8027363 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.638174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Skin cancer is one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers worldwide. The 5-year survival rate of the most aggressive late-stage skin cancer ranges between 20 and 30%. Thus, the discovery and investigation of novel target therapeutic agents that can effectively treat skin cancer is of the utmost importance. The T-lymphokine-activated killer cell-originated protein kinase (TOPK), which belongs to the serine-threonine kinase class of the mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MAPKK) family, is highly expressed and activated in skin cancer. The present study investigates the role of 3-deoxysappanchalcone (3-DSC), a plant-derived functional TOPK inhibitor, in suppressing skin cancer cell growth. Purpose In the context of skin cancer prevention and therapy, we clarify the effect and mechanism of 3-DSC on different types of skin cancer and solar-simulated light (SSL)-induced skin hyperplasia. Methods In an in vitro study, western blotting and in vitro kinase assays were utilized to determine the protein expression of TOPK and its activity, respectively. Pull-down assay with 3-DSC and TOPK (wild-type and T42A/N172 mutation) was performed to confirm the direct interaction between T42A/N172 amino acid sites of TOPK and 3-DSC. Cell proliferation and anchorage-independent cell growth assays were utilized to determine the effect of 3-DSC on cell growth. In an in vivo study, the thickness of skin and tumor size were measured in the acute SSL-induced inflammation mouse model or SK-MEL-2 cell-derived xenografts mouse model treated with 3-DSC. Immunohistochemistry analysis of tumors isolated from SK-MEL-2 cell-derived xenografts was performed to determine whether cell-based results observed upon 3-DSC treatment could be recapitulated in vivo. Results 3-DSC is able to inhibit cell proliferation in skin cancer cells in an anchorage-dependent and anchorage-independent manner by regulation of TOPK and its related signaling pathway in vitro. We also found that application of 3-DSC reduced acute SSL-induced murine skin hyperplasia. Additionally, we observed that 3-DSC decreased SK-MEL-2 cell-derived xenograft tumor growth through attenuating phosphorylation of TOPK and its downstream effectors including ERK, RSK, and c-Jun. Conclusions Our results suggest that 3-DSC may function in a chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic capacity by protecting against UV-induced skin hyperplasia and inhibiting tumor cell growth by attenuating TOPK signaling, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaorong Fu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ran Zhao
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Goo Yoon
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Mokpo National University, Muan, South Korea
| | - Jung-Hyun Shim
- China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, China.,Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Mokpo National University, Muan, South Korea
| | - Bu Young Choi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science and Engineering, School of Convergence Bioscience and Technology, Seowon University, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Fanxiang Yin
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, China.,Department of Translational Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Beibei Xu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, China
| | | | - Kangdong Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zigang Dong
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Mee-Hyun Lee
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, China.,College of Korean Medicine, Dongshin University, Naju, South Korea
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Nagano-Matsuo A, Inoue S, Koshino A, Ota A, Nakao K, Komura M, Kato H, Naiki-Ito A, Watanabe K, Nagayasu Y, Hosokawa Y, Takiguchi S, Kasugai K, Kasai K, Inaguma S, Takahashi S. PBK expression predicts favorable survival in colorectal cancer patients. Virchows Arch 2021; 479:277-284. [PMID: 33638656 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-021-03062-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common gastrointestinal cancers worldwide with high morbidity and mortality rates. The discovery of small molecule anticancer reagents has significantly affected cancer therapy. However, the anticancer effects of these therapies are not sufficient to completely cure CRC. PDZ-binding kinase (PBK) was initially identified as a mitotic kinase for mitogen-activated protein kinase and is involved in cytokinesis and spermatogenesis. Aberrant expression of PBK has been reported to be closely associated with malignant phenotypes of many cancers and/or patient survival. However, the expression of PBK and its association to patient survival in CRC have not been fully elucidated. In the present study, 269 primary CRCs were evaluated immunohistochemically for PBK expression to assess its ability as a prognostic factor. CRC tumor cells variably expressed PBK (range, 0-100%; median, 32%) in the nucleus and cytoplasm. Univariate analyses identified a significant inverse correlation between PBK expression and pT stage (P<0.0001). Furthermore, patients carrying CRC with higher PBK expression showed significantly favorable survival (P=0.0094). Multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis revealed high PBK expression (HR, 0.52; P=0.015) as one of the potential favorable factors for CRC patients. PBK expression showed significant correlation to Ki-67 labeling indices (ρ=0.488, P<0.0001). In vitro, the PBK inhibitor OTS514 suppressed cellular proliferation of CRC cells with PBK expression through downregulation of P-ERK and induction of apoptosis. These results suggest that PBK-targeting therapeutics may be useful for the treatment of PBK-expressing CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya Nagano-Matsuo
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Tumor Biology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Satoshi Inoue
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Akira Koshino
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Akinobu Ota
- Department of Biochemistry, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Kenju Nakao
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Tumor Biology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masayuki Komura
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Tumor Biology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kato
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Tumor Biology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Aya Naiki-Ito
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Tumor Biology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kawori Watanabe
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yuko Nagayasu
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Tumor Biology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Hosokawa
- Department of Biochemistry, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Shuji Takiguchi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kunio Kasugai
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Kenji Kasai
- Department of Pathology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Shingo Inaguma
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Tumor Biology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan. .,Department of Pathology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Japan. .,Department of Pathology, Nagoya City East Medical Center, Nagoya, Japan. .,Educational Research Center for Advanced Medicine, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, 467-8601, Japan.
| | - Satoru Takahashi
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Tumor Biology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
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Pan Z, Li L, Qian Y, Ge X, Hu X, Zhang Y, Ge M, Huang P. The differences of regulatory networks between papillary and anaplastic thyroid carcinoma: an integrative transcriptomics study. Cancer Biol Ther 2020; 21:853-862. [PMID: 32887540 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2020.1803009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Unlike papillary thyroid cancer (PTC), anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) is extremely aggressive and rapidly lethal without effective therapies. However, the differences of master regulators and regulatory networks between PTC and ATC remain unclear. Methods: Three representative datasets comprising 32 ATC, 69 PTC, and 78 normal thyroid tissue samples were combined to form a large dataset. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified and enriched by limma package and gene set enrichment analysis, respectively. Subsequently, protein-protein interaction network and transcription factors (TFs) regulatory network were constructed to identify gene modules and master regulators. Further, master regulators were validated by RT-PCR and western blot. Finally, Kaplan-Meier plotter was applied to evaluate their prognostic values. Results: A total of 560 DEGs were identified as ATC-specific malignant signature. The regulatory network analysis showed that nine master regulators were significantly correlated with three gene modules and potentially regulated the expression of DEGs in three gene modules, respectively. Furthermore, CREB3L1, FOSL2, E2F1 and CAT were significantly associated with overall survival of thyroid cancer patients. FOXM1, FOSL2, MYBL2, AVEN and E2F1 were unfavorable factors of recurrence-free survival (RFS), while CAT was a favorable factor of RFS. RT-PCR and western blot confirmed that six TFs were obviously up-regulated in ATC tissues/cell line as compared with PTC and normal thyroid tissues/cell lines, respectively. In addition, 19 ATC-specific kinases were identified to illustrate the potential post-translational modification. Conclusions: Our findings provide a comprehensive insight into malignant mechanism of ATC, which may indicate their value in the future investigation of ATC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongfu Pan
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College , Hangzhou, China
| | - Lu Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou, China
| | - Yangyang Qian
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College , Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Head & Neck Cancer Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital , Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinyang Ge
- Student Council Blood Drive Committee, Heartland Christian School , Columbiana, OH, USA
| | - Xiaoping Hu
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College , Hangzhou, China
| | - Yiwen Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College , Hangzhou, China
| | - Minghua Ge
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College , Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Head & Neck Cancer Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital , Hangzhou, China
| | - Ping Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College , Hangzhou, China
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Lin A, Giuliano CJ, Palladino A, John KM, Abramowicz C, Yuan ML, Sausville EL, Lukow DA, Liu L, Chait AR, Galluzzo ZC, Tucker C, Sheltzer JM. Off-target toxicity is a common mechanism of action of cancer drugs undergoing clinical trials. Sci Transl Med 2020; 11:11/509/eaaw8412. [PMID: 31511426 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aaw8412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 345] [Impact Index Per Article: 86.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Ninety-seven percent of drug-indication pairs that are tested in clinical trials in oncology never advance to receive U.S. Food and Drug Administration approval. While lack of efficacy and dose-limiting toxicities are the most common causes of trial failure, the reason(s) why so many new drugs encounter these problems is not well understood. Using CRISPR-Cas9 mutagenesis, we investigated a set of cancer drugs and drug targets in various stages of clinical testing. We show that-contrary to previous reports obtained predominantly with RNA interference and small-molecule inhibitors-the proteins ostensibly targeted by these drugs are nonessential for cancer cell proliferation. Moreover, the efficacy of each drug that we tested was unaffected by the loss of its putative target, indicating that these compounds kill cells via off-target effects. By applying a genetic target-deconvolution strategy, we found that the mischaracterized anticancer agent OTS964 is actually a potent inhibitor of the cyclin-dependent kinase CDK11 and that multiple cancer types are addicted to CDK11 expression. We suggest that stringent genetic validation of the mechanism of action of cancer drugs in the preclinical setting may decrease the number of therapies tested in human patients that fail to provide any clinical benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann Lin
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA.,Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Christopher J Giuliano
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA.,Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Ann Palladino
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
| | - Kristen M John
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA.,Hofstra University, Hempstead, NY 11549, USA
| | - Connor Abramowicz
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA.,New York Institute of Technology, Glen Head, NY 11545, USA
| | - Monet Lou Yuan
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA.,Syosset High School, Syosset, NY 11791, USA
| | - Erin L Sausville
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
| | - Devon A Lukow
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA.,Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Luwei Liu
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA.,Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | | | | | - Clara Tucker
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA.,Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Jason M Sheltzer
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA.
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Ota A, Hanamura I, Karnan S, Inaguma S, Takei N, Lam VQ, Mizuno S, Kanasugi J, Wahiduzzaman M, Rahman ML, Hyodo T, Konishi H, Tsuzuki S, Ikeda H, Takami A, Hosokawa Y. Novel Interleukin-6 Inducible Gene PDZ-Binding Kinase Promotes Tumor Growth of Multiple Myeloma Cells. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2020; 40:389-405. [PMID: 32721246 PMCID: PMC7462034 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2020.0111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) remains an intractable hematological malignancy, despite recent advances in anti-MM drugs. Here, we show that role of PDZ binding kinase (PBK) in MM tumor growth. We identified that interleukin-6 (IL-6) readily increases PBK expression. Kaplan–Meier analysis showed that the MM patients with higher expression of PBK have a significant shorter survival time compared with those with moderate/lower expression of PBK. Knockout of PBK dramatically suppressed in vivo tumor growth in MM cells, while genome editing of PBK changing from asparagine to serine substitution (rs3779620) slightly suppresses the tumor formation. Mechanistically, loss of PBK increased the number of apoptotic cells with concomitant decrease in the phosphorylation level of Stat3 as well as caspase activities. A novel PBK inhibitor OTS514 significantly decreased KMS-11-derived tumor growth. These findings highlight the novel oncogenic role of PBK in tumor growth of myeloma, and it might be a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of patients with MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akinobu Ota
- Department of Biochemistry, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Ichiro Hanamura
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Sivasundaram Karnan
- Department of Biochemistry, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Shingo Inaguma
- Department of Pathology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Norio Takei
- Institute for Animal Experimentation, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Vu Quang Lam
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Shohei Mizuno
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Jo Kanasugi
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Md Wahiduzzaman
- Department of Biochemistry, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Md Lutfur Rahman
- Department of Biochemistry, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Toshinori Hyodo
- Department of Biochemistry, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Konishi
- Department of Biochemistry, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Shinobu Tsuzuki
- Department of Biochemistry, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ikeda
- Department of Pathology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Akiyoshi Takami
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Hosokawa
- Department of Biochemistry, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Japan
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Huang J, Zhang L, Li Z, Lu X. Screening and identification of key biomarkers for retinoblastoma: Evidence from bioinformatics analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e19952. [PMID: 32443297 PMCID: PMC7254187 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000019952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Retinoblastoma (RB) is one of the most common malignant tumors in pediatrics; to clarify the cause of RB, a lot of manpower and material resources have been invested but have not been well explained. METHODS To identify the candidate genes in the occurrence and development of the disease, we downloaded the microarray datasets GSE97508, GSE92987, and GSE24673 from the gene expression database (GEO). The differentially expressed gene (DEG) was identified and functional enrichment analysis was performed. The protein-protein interaction network was constructed and analyzed by String and Cytoscape. RESULTS A total of 74 DEGs were identified, including 40 up-regulated genes and 34 down-regulated genes. The rich functions and pathways of DEG include regulating mitosis, cell cycle, DNA transcription process, promoting protein phosphorylation, regulating energy metabolism in vivo, promoting the binding of some macromolecular complexes, and regulating the cell cycle. Twenty-four HUB genes were identified. Biological process analysis showed that these genes were mainly enriched in regulating energy metabolism in vivo, promoting the binding of some small molecules and regulating the cell cycle. Survival analysis showed that DGPDC1, NDC80, SHCBP, TOP2A, and DLGAP5 may be involved in the occurrence, invasion, or recurrence of RB. CONCLUSION In conclusion, screening DEGs and HUB genes in RB can help us to better understand the mechanism of the occurrence and development of RB at the molecular level, and provide candidate targets for the diagnosis and treatment of RB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Huang
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Eye Diseases, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | | | - Zimeng Li
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
| | - Xuejing Lu
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Eye Diseases, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
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38
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Zhao R, Choi BY, Wei L, Fredimoses M, Yin F, Fu X, Chen H, Liu K, Kundu JK, Dong Z, Lee MH. Acetylshikonin suppressed growth of colorectal tumour tissue and cells by inhibiting the intracellular kinase, T-lymphokine-activated killer cell-originated protein kinase. Br J Pharmacol 2020; 177:2303-2319. [PMID: 31985814 PMCID: PMC7174886 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Overexpression or aberrant activation of the T-lymphokine-activated killer cell-originated protein kinase (TOPK) promotes gene expression and growth of solid tumours, implying that TOPK would be a rational target in developing novel anticancer drugs. Acetylshikonin, a diterpenoid compound isolated from Lithospermum erythrorhizon root, exerts a range of biological activities. Here we have investigated whether acetylshikonin, by acting as an inhibitor of TOPK, can attenuate the proliferation of colorectal cancer cells and the growth of patient-derived tumours, in vitro and in vivo. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Targets of acetylshikonin, were identified using kinase profiling analysis, kinetic/binding assay, and computational docking analysis and knock-down techniques. Effects of acetylshikonin on colorectal cancer growth and the underlying mechanisms were evaluated in cell proliferation assays, propidium iodide and annexin-V staining analyses and western blots. Patient-derived tumour xenografts in mice (PDX) and immunohistochemistry were used to assess anti-tumour effects of acetylshikonin. KEY RESULTS Acetylshikonin directly inhibited TOPK activity, interacting with the ATP-binding pocket of TOPK. Acetylshikonin suppressed cell proliferation by inducing cell cycle arrest at the G1 phase, stimulated apoptosis, and increased the expression of apoptotic biomarkers in colorectal cancer cell lines. Mechanistically, acetylshikonin diminished the phosphorylation and activation of TOPK signalling. Furthermore, acetylshikonin decreased the volume of PDX tumours and reduced the expression of TOPK signalling pathway in xenograft tumours. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Acetylshikonin suppressed growth of colorectal cancer cells by attenuating TOPK signalling. Targeted inhibition of TOPK by acetylshikonin might be a promising new approach to the treatment of colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Zhao
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Bu Young Choi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science and Engineering, School of Convergence Bioscience and Technology, Seowon University, Chungbuk, South Korea
| | - Lixiao Wei
- China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, China
| | | | - Fanxiang Yin
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaorong Fu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hanyong Chen
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, Minnesota
| | - Kangdong Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, China.,The Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Cancer Chemoprevention, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Joydeb Kumar Kundu
- Li Ka Shing Applied Virology Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Zigang Dong
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Mee-Hyun Lee
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, China.,The Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Cancer Chemoprevention, Zhengzhou, China
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Song X, Du R, Gui H, Zhou M, Zhong W, Mao C, Ma J. Identification of potential hub genes related to the progression and prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma through integrated bioinformatics analysis. Oncol Rep 2019; 43:133-146. [PMID: 31746405 PMCID: PMC6908929 DOI: 10.3892/or.2019.7400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fourth leading cause of cancer-related deaths among cancer patients. Genes correlated with the progression and prognosis of HCC are critically needed to be identified. In the present study, 3 Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) datasets (GSE46408, GSE65372 and GSE84402) were used to analyze the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between HCC and non-tumor liver tissues. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses were conducted to clarify the functional roles of DEGs. A protein-protein interaction network was established to screen the hub genes associated with HCC. The prognostic values of hub genes in HCC patients were analyzed using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. The expression levels of hub genes were validated based on ONCOMINE, TCGA and Human Protein Atlas (HPA) databases. Notably, 56 upregulated and 33 downregulated DEGs were markedly enriched under various GO terms and four KEGG terms. Among these DEGs, 10 hub genes with high connectivity degree were identified, including cyclin B1, cyclin A2, cyclin B2, condensin complex subunit 3, PDZ binding kinase, nucleolar and spindle-associated protein 1, aurora kinase A, ZW10 interacting kinetochore protein, protein regulator of cytokinesis 1 and kinesin family member 4A. The upregulated expression levels of these hub genes in HCC tissues were further confirmed by ONCOMINE, TCGA, and HPA databases. Additionally, the increased mRNA expression of each hub gene was related to the unfavorable disease-free survival and overall survival of HCC patients. The present study identified ten genes associated with HCC, which may help to provide candidate targets for the diagnosis and treatment of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiudao Song
- Clinical Pharmaceutical Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Suzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215009, P.R. China
| | - Rao Du
- Department of Pharmacy, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215025, P.R. China
| | - Huan Gui
- Department of Pharmacy, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215025, P.R. China
| | - Mi Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215025, P.R. China
| | - Wen Zhong
- Department of Pharmacy, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215025, P.R. China
| | - Chenmei Mao
- Department of Pharmacy, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215025, P.R. China
| | - Jin Ma
- Department of Pharmacy, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215025, P.R. China
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40
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Kar A, Zhang Y, Yacob BW, Saeed J, Tompkins KD, Bagby SM, Pitts TM, Somerset H, Leong S, Wierman ME, Kiseljak-Vassiliades K. Targeting PDZ-binding kinase is anti-tumorigenic in novel preclinical models of ACC. Endocr Relat Cancer 2019; 26:765-778. [PMID: 31325906 PMCID: PMC6938568 DOI: 10.1530/erc-19-0262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is an aggressive orphan malignancy with less than 35% 5-year survival and 75% recurrence. Surgery remains the primary therapy and mitotane, an adrenolytic, is the only FDA-approved drug with wide-range toxicities and poor tolerability. There are no targeted agents available to date. For the last three decades, H295R cell line and its xenograft were the only available preclinical models. We recently developed two new ACC patient-derived xenograft mouse models and corresponding cell lines (CU-ACC1 and CU-ACC2) to advance research in the field. Here, we have utilized these novel models along with H295R cells to establish the mitotic PDZ-binding kinase (PBK) as a promising therapeutic target. PBK is overexpressed in ACC samples and correlates with poor survival. We show that PBK is regulated by FOXM1 and targeting PBK via shRNA decreased cell proliferation, clonogenicity and anchorage-independent growth in ACC cell lines. PBK silencing inhibited pAkt, pp38MAPK and pHistone H3 altering the cell cycle. Therapeutically, targeting PBK with the small-molecule inhibitor HITOPK032 phenocopied PBK-specific modulation of pAkt and pHistone H3, but also induced apoptosis via activation of JNK. Consistent with in vitro findings, treatment of CU-ACC1 PDXs with HITOPK032 significantly reduced tumor growth by 5-fold (P < 0.01). Treated tumor tissues demonstrated increased rates of apoptosis and JNK activation, with decreased pAkt and Histone H3 phosphorylation, consistent with effects observed in ACC cell lines. Together these studies elucidate the mechanism of PBK in ACC tumorigenesis and establish the potential therapeutic potential of HITOPK032 in ACC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adwitiya Kar
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine Anschutz Medical Campus Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Yu Zhang
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine Anschutz Medical Campus Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Betelehem W. Yacob
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine Anschutz Medical Campus Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Jordan Saeed
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine Anschutz Medical Campus Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Kenneth D. Tompkins
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine Anschutz Medical Campus Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Stacey M. Bagby
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine Anschutz Medical Campus Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Todd M. Pitts
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine Anschutz Medical Campus Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Hilary Somerset
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado School of Medicine Anschutz Medical Campus Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Stephen Leong
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine Anschutz Medical Campus Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Margaret E. Wierman
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine Anschutz Medical Campus Aurora, CO 80045
- Research Service, Rocky Mountain Regional Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Katja Kiseljak-Vassiliades
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine Anschutz Medical Campus Aurora, CO 80045
- Research Service, Rocky Mountain Regional Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Aurora, CO 80045
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41
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Lu S, Ye L, Yin S, Zhao C, Yan M, Liu X, Cui J, Hu H. Glycyrol exerts potent therapeutic effect on lung cancer via directly inactivating T-LAK cell-originated protein kinase. Pharmacol Res 2019; 147:104366. [PMID: 31377221 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.104366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Molecular targeted therapy for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has demonstrated promising outcomes. T-lymphokine-activated killer cell-originated protein kinase (TOPK) is found overexpressed in many cancer types such as NSCLC, and is considered to be an effective target for lung cancer treatment. In the present study, we found that glycyrol (GC), a representative coumarin compound isolated from licorice, was highly effective against several human NSCLC cell lines in vitro, and significantly suppressed tumor growth in vivo. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that GC can strongly bind to the TOPK protein and inhibited its kinase activity, leading to the activation of apoptotic signaling pathways. The findings of the present study suggest that GC is a novel promising TOPK inhibitor and this compound deserves to be further investigated for its potential anti-NSCLC activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shangyun Lu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory for Food Non-thermal Processing, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Linhu Ye
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory for Food Non-thermal Processing, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Shutao Yin
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory for Food Non-thermal Processing, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Chong Zhao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory for Food Non-thermal Processing, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Mingzhu Yan
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory for Food Non-thermal Processing, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyi Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory for Food Non-thermal Processing, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jinling Cui
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory for Food Non-thermal Processing, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Hongbo Hu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory for Food Non-thermal Processing, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
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42
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de Boussac H, Bruyer A, Jourdan M, Maes A, Robert N, Gourzones C, Vincent L, Seckinger A, Cartron G, Hose D, De Bruyne E, Kassambara A, Pasero P, Moreaux J. Kinome expression profiling to target new therapeutic avenues in multiple myeloma. Haematologica 2019; 105:784-795. [PMID: 31289205 PMCID: PMC7049359 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2018.208306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) account for approximately 10% of hematological malignancies and is the second most common hematological disorder. Kinases inhibitors are widely used and their efficiency for the treatment of cancers has been demonstrated. Here, in order to identify kinases of potential therapeutic interest for the treatment of MM, we investigated the prognostic impact of the kinome expression profile in large cohorts of patients. We identified 36 kinome-related genes significantly linked with a prognostic value to MM, and built a kinome index based on their expression. The Kinome Index (KI) is linked to prognosis, proliferation, differentiation, and relapse in MM. We then tested inhibitors targeting seven of the identified protein kinas-es (PBK, SRPK1, CDC7-DBF4, MELK, CHK1, PLK4, MPS1/TTK) in human myeloma cell lines. All tested inhibitors significantly reduced the viability of myeloma cell lines, and we confirmed the potential clinical interest of three of them on primary myeloma cells from patients. In addition, we demonstrated their ability to potentialize the toxicity of conventional treatments, including Melphalan and Lenalidomide. This highlights their potential beneficial effect in myeloma therapy. Three kinases inhibitors (CHK1i, MELKi and PBKi) overcome resistance to Lenalidomide, while CHK1, PBK and DBF4 inhibitors re-sensitize Melphalan resistant cell line to this conventional therapeutic agent. Altogether, we demonstrate that kinase inhibitors could be of therapeutic interest especially in high-risk myeloma patients defined by the KI. CHEK1, MELK, PLK4, SRPK1, CDC7-DBF4, MPS1/TTK and PBK inhibitors could represent new treatment options either alone or in combination with Melphalan or IMiD for refractory/relapsing myeloma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Michel Jourdan
- IGH, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Anke Maes
- Department of Hematology and Immunology, Myeloma Center Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nicolas Robert
- CHU Montpellier, Laboratory for Monitoring Innovative Therapies, Department of Biological Hematology, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Laure Vincent
- CHU Montpellier, Department of Clinical Hematology, Montpellier, France
| | - Anja Seckinger
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik V, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Nationales Centrum für Tumorerkrankungen, Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Guillaume Cartron
- CHU Montpellier, Department of Clinical Hematology, Montpellier, France.,Université de Montpellier, UMR CNRS 5235, Montpellier, France.,Université de Montpellier, UFR de Médecine, Montpellier, France
| | - Dirk Hose
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik V, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Nationales Centrum für Tumorerkrankungen, Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Elke De Bruyne
- Department of Hematology and Immunology, Myeloma Center Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | | | - Jérôme Moreaux
- IGH, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France .,CHU Montpellier, Laboratory for Monitoring Innovative Therapies, Department of Biological Hematology, Montpellier, France.,Université de Montpellier, UFR de Médecine, Montpellier, France
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43
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Hinzman CP, Aljehane L, Brown-Clay JD, Kallakury B, Sonahara F, Goel A, Trevino J, Banerjee PP. Aberrant expression of PDZ-binding kinase/T-LAK cell-originated protein kinase modulates the invasive ability of human pancreatic cancer cells via the stabilization of oncoprotein c-MYC. Carcinogenesis 2019; 39:1548-1559. [PMID: 30165468 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgy114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
High frequency of mortality in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is vastly associated with the invasive and metastatic nature of these cancer cells. Little is known about the factors involved in this invasive/metastatic process. The current challenge in the treatment of these patients is the lack of viable options besides gemcitabine. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of PDZ-binding kinase (PBK)/T-LAK cell-originated protein kinase (TOPK) in invasive PDAC cells and to determine whether PBK/TOPK expression drives invasiveness in PDAC. Using gain-of-function and loss-of-function studies in established and patient-derived xenograft-PDAC cell lines, and examining patient-derived archival tissue samples, we demonstrate for the first time that PBK/TOPK is upregulated in pancreatic cancer and expression levels are closely associated with the invasive property of pancreatic cancer cells. Modulation of PBK/TOPK causally regulates the invasive ability of PDAC cells. We also demonstrate that two key players in metastatic invasion, matrix metalloproteinases-2 (MMP-2) and MMP-9 gelatinase activity and gene promoter activities, are regulated by PBK/TOPK. Moreover, we demonstrate for the first time that PBK/TOPK provides stability of an oncoprotein, c-MYC, which transcriptionally regulates MMP-2 and MMP-9 in these invasive PDAC cells. Our in vitro and in situ data corroborate that PBK/TOPK is closely associated with the invasive nature of PDAC and reveal a novel mechanism by which the metastatic behavior of human pancreatic cancer cells is regulated. These findings provide a rationale for targeting PBK/TOPK for the therapeutic intervention of invasive/metastatic pancreatic cancer in human.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles P Hinzman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Leala Aljehane
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Joshua D Brown-Clay
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Bhaskar Kallakury
- Department of Pathology, MedStar-Georgetown Hospital, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Fuminori Sonahara
- Center for Gastrointestinal Research, Center for Translational Genomics and Oncology Baylor Scott and White Research Institute and Charles A. Sammons Cancer Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Ajay Goel
- Center for Gastrointestinal Research, Center for Translational Genomics and Oncology Baylor Scott and White Research Institute and Charles A. Sammons Cancer Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Jose Trevino
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida Medical Center, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Partha P Banerjee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
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44
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4-Hydroxytamoxifen enhances sensitivity of estrogen receptor α-positive breast cancer to docetaxel in an estrogen and ZNF423 SNP-dependent fashion. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2019; 175:567-578. [DOI: 10.1007/s10549-019-05194-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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45
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Uchida E, Suwa S, Yoshimoto R, Watanabe K, Kasama T, Miura O, Fukuda T. TOPK is regulated by PP2A and BCR/ABL in leukemia and enhances cell proliferation. Int J Oncol 2019; 54:1785-1796. [PMID: 30864683 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2019.4740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Although treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) has improved with the development of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), patients develop fatal blast crisis (BC) whilst receiving TKI treatment. Alternative treatments for cases resistant to TKIs are required. A serine/threonine protein kinase, T‑lymphokine‑activated killer cell‑originated protein kinase (TOPK), is highly expressed in various malignant tumors. Binding of peptides to human leukocyte antigen was assessed via mass spectrometry in K562 CML cells. TOPK expression was assessed in various CML cell lines and in clinical samples obtained from patients with CML using reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot assays. It was observed that TOPK was expressed abundantly in BCR/ABL‑positive cell lines and at significantly higher levels in CML clinical samples compared with healthy donor samples. Overexpression of BCR/ABL or the presence of its inhibitor imatinib upregulated and downregulated TOPK expression, respectively, indicating that TOPK may be a target of BCR/ABL. TOPK inhibitor OTS514 suppressed proliferation of BCR/ABL‑positive cell lines and colony formation of CD34‑positive cells from patients with CML compared with lymphoma patients without bone marrow involvement. Furthermore, phosphorylation of TOPK was increased by protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) inhibitor okadaic acid and was decreased in the presence of PP2A activator FTY720 compared with untreated samples. As constitutive BCR/ABL activity and inhibition of PP2A are key mechanisms of CML development, TOPK may be a crucial signaling molecule for this disease. Inhibition of TOPK may control disease status of CML, even in cases resistant to TKIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emi Uchida
- Department of Hematology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113‑8519, Japan
| | - Shihoko Suwa
- Department of Hematology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113‑8519, Japan
| | - Ryoto Yoshimoto
- Department of Hematology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113‑8519, Japan
| | - Ken Watanabe
- Department of Hematology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113‑8519, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kasama
- Research Center for Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113‑8519, Japan
| | - Osamu Miura
- Department of Hematology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113‑8519, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Fukuda
- Department of Hematology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113‑8519, Japan
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The prognostic significance of PBK/TOPK overexpression in solid tumors remains controversial. Therefore, we carried out a meta-analysis to evaluate the impact of PBK/TOPK overexpression in solid tumors on patients' overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS). METHODS Relevant articles were identified through searching the PubMed, Embase and Web of Science up to May 2017. The pooled hazard ratio (HR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was used to estimate the effects. RESULTS In this meta-analysis, 12 studies involving 1571 participants were included, PBK/TOPK overexpression was significantly associated with poor OS (pooled HR = 1.91, 95%CI = 1.22-3.00, P = .005) and short DFS (pooled HR = 1.95, 95%CI = 1.46-2.58, P < .001). CONCLUSIONS PBK/TOPK overexpression was associated with poor survival in human solid tumors which may be a valuable prognosis biomarker and a potential therapeutic target of solid tumors.
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Abstract
The diagnosis of low-grade adrenal cortical carcinoma (ACC) confined to the adrenal gland can be challenging. Although there are diagnostic and prognostic molecular tests for ACC, they remain largely unutilized. We examined the diagnostic and prognostic value of altered reticulin framework and the immunoprofile of biomarkers including IGF-2, proteins involved in cell proliferation and mitotic spindle regulation (Ki67, p53, BUB1B, HURP, NEK2), DNA damage repair (PBK, γ-H2AX), telomere regulation (DAX, ATRX), wnt-signaling pathway (beta-catenin) and PI3K signaling pathway (PTEN, phospho-mTOR) in a tissue microarray of 50 adenomas and 43 carcinomas that were characterized for angioinvasion as defined by strict criteria, Weiss score, and mitotic rate-based tumor grade. IGF-2 and proteins involved in cell proliferation and mitotic spindle regulation (Ki67, p53, BUB1B, HURP, NEK2), DNA damage proteins (PBK, γ-H2AX), regulators of telomeres (DAXX, ATRX), and beta-catenin revealed characteristic expression profiles enabling the distinction of carcinomas from adenomas. Not all biomarkers were informative in all carcinomas. IGF-2 was the most useful biomarker of malignancy irrespective of tumor grade and cytomorphologic features, as juxtanuclear Golgi-pattern IGF-2 reactivity optimized for high specificity was identified in up to 80% of carcinomas and in no adenomas. Loss rather than qualitative alterations of the reticulin framework yielded statistical difference between carcinoma and adenoma. Angioinvasion defined as tumor cells invading through a vessel wall and intravascular tumor cells admixed with thrombus proved to be the best prognostic parameter, predicting adverse outcome in the entire cohort as well as within low-grade ACCs. Low mitotic tumor grade, Weiss score, global loss of DAXX expression, and high phospho-mTOR expression correlated with disease-free survival, but Weiss score and biomarkers failed to predict adverse outcome in low-grade disease. Our results underscore the importance of careful morphologic assessment coupled with ancillary diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers of ACC.
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Ma H, Li Y, Wang X, Wu H, Qi G, Li R, Yang N, Gao M, Yan S, Yuan C, Kong B. PBK, targeted by EVI1, promotes metastasis and confers cisplatin resistance through inducing autophagy in high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:166. [PMID: 30778048 PMCID: PMC6379381 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1415-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
High-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSOC) is the most lethal type of gynecologic malignancy. Chemoresistance is the main reason for the poor prognosis of HGSOC. PDZ-binding kinase (PBK) promotes the malignant progression of various carcinomas. However, the roles and clinical significance of PBK in HGSOC remain unclear. Here, we reported that PBK was overexpressed in HGSOC tissues and cell lines. High PBK expression was associated with a poor prognosis, metastasis, and cisplatin resistance of HGSOC. Overexpression of PBK promoted autophagy and enhanced cisplatin resistance via the ERK/mTOR signaling pathway. Further study showed that inhibition of autophagy by chloroquine or bafilomycin A1 reversed PBK-induced cisplatin resistance. Overexpression of PBK decreased ovarian cancer responsiveness to cisplatin treatment through inducing autophagy in vivo. We also demonstrated that the PBK inhibitor OTS514 augmented the growth inhibition effect of cisplatin in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, ecotropic viral integration site-1 (EVI1) could regulate PBK expression through directly targeting the PBK promoter region. In conclusion, high PBK expression was correlated with a poor prognosis, metastasis, and cisplatin resistance through promoting autophagy in HGSOC. PBK might be a promising target for the early diagnosis and individual treatment of ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanlin Ma
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, 250012, Jinan, China.,Gynecologic Oncology Key Laboratory of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, 250012, Jinan, China
| | - Yingwei Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, 250012, Jinan, China.,Institute of Oncology, School of Medicine, Shandong University, 250012, Jinan, China
| | - Xiangxiang Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, 250012, Jinan, China
| | - Huan Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, 250012, Jinan, China
| | - Gonghua Qi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, 250012, Jinan, China
| | - Rongrong Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, 250012, Jinan, China.,Gynecologic Oncology Key Laboratory of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, 250012, Jinan, China
| | - Ning Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, 250012, Jinan, China.,Gynecologic Oncology Key Laboratory of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, 250012, Jinan, China
| | - Min Gao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, 250012, Jinan, China
| | - Shi Yan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, 250012, Jinan, China.,Gynecologic Oncology Key Laboratory of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, 250012, Jinan, China
| | - Cunzhong Yuan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, 250012, Jinan, China.,Gynecologic Oncology Key Laboratory of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, 250012, Jinan, China
| | - Beihua Kong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, 250012, Jinan, China. .,Gynecologic Oncology Key Laboratory of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, 250012, Jinan, China.
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49
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Zhang Y, Yang X, Wang R, Zhang X. Prognostic Value of PDZ-Binding Kinase/T-LAK Cell-Originated Protein Kinase (PBK/TOPK) in Patients with Cancer. J Cancer 2019; 10:131-137. [PMID: 30662533 PMCID: PMC6329853 DOI: 10.7150/jca.28216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: PDZ-binding kinase/T-LAK cell-originated protein kinase (PBK/TOPK) plays a critical role in tumorigenesis and cancer progression. However, the prognostic roles in cancer patients are inconsistent or even controversial. Therefore, we performed a meta-analysis to investigate the prognostic value of PBK/TOPK in cancers. Methods: Literature search was performed using several online databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar, National Knowledge Infrastructure and Wanfang) for eligible articles published up to May 1, 2018. The relationship between PBK/TOPK expression and prognosis in cancers was investigated by using pooled hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) through STATA 12.0 software. Results: Totally 20 eligible studies were included in this meta-analysis. The pooled results showed that carriers with high protein expression of PBK/TOPK were significantly associated with poor OS (HR: 1.69, 95% CI: 1.33-2.04) in various cancers, and patients with increased PBK/TOPK protein expression were significantly correlated with inferior RFS (HR: 1.63, 95% CI: 1.02-2.24) and short DFS (HR: 1.69, 95% CI: 1.16-2.23). Conclusions: The findings suggest that PBK/TOPK protein expression might serve as a prognostic tumor marker in cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, the First People's Hospital of Neijiang, Neijiang 641000, Sichuan Province, P. R. China
| | - Xianjin Yang
- Department of General Surgery, the First People's Hospital of Neijiang, Neijiang 641000, Sichuan Province, P. R. China
| | - Rong Wang
- Department of General Surgery, the First People's Hospital of Neijiang, Neijiang 641000, Sichuan Province, P. R. China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, the First People's Hospital of Neijiang, Neijiang 641000, Sichuan Province, P. R. China
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50
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Castven D, Becker D, Czauderna C, Wilhelm D, Andersen JB, Strand S, Hartmann M, Heilmann‐Heimbach S, Roth W, Hartmann N, Straub BK, Mahn FL, Franck S, Pereira S, Haupts A, Vogel A, Wörns MA, Weinmann A, Heinrich S, Lang H, Thorgeirsson SS, Galle PR, Marquardt JU. Application of patient‐derived liver cancer cells for phenotypic characterization and therapeutic target identification. Int J Cancer 2018; 144:2782-2794. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.32026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Revised: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Darko Castven
- Department of Medicine I, Lichtenberg Research GroupJohannes Gutenberg University Mainz Germany
| | - Diana Becker
- Department of Medicine I, Lichtenberg Research GroupJohannes Gutenberg University Mainz Germany
| | - Carolin Czauderna
- Department of Medicine I, Lichtenberg Research GroupJohannes Gutenberg University Mainz Germany
| | - Diana Wilhelm
- Department of Medicine I, Lichtenberg Research GroupJohannes Gutenberg University Mainz Germany
| | - Jesper B. Andersen
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), Department of Health and Medical ScienceUniversity of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Susanne Strand
- Department of Medicine I, Lichtenberg Research GroupJohannes Gutenberg University Mainz Germany
| | - Monika Hartmann
- Department of Medicine I, Lichtenberg Research GroupJohannes Gutenberg University Mainz Germany
| | - Stefanie Heilmann‐Heimbach
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn School of Medicine & University Hospital of Bonn Department of Genomics, Life & Brain CenterUniversity of Bonn Bonn Germany
- Department of Genomics, Life & Brain CenterUniversity of Bonn Bonn Germany
| | - Wilfried Roth
- Institute of PathologyJohannes Gutenberg University Mainz Germany
| | - Nils Hartmann
- Institute of PathologyJohannes Gutenberg University Mainz Germany
| | - Beate K. Straub
- Institute of PathologyJohannes Gutenberg University Mainz Germany
| | - Friederike L. Mahn
- Department of Medicine I, Lichtenberg Research GroupJohannes Gutenberg University Mainz Germany
| | - Sophia Franck
- Department of Medicine I, Lichtenberg Research GroupJohannes Gutenberg University Mainz Germany
| | - Sharon Pereira
- Department of Medicine I, Lichtenberg Research GroupJohannes Gutenberg University Mainz Germany
| | - Anna Haupts
- Institute of PathologyJohannes Gutenberg University Mainz Germany
| | - Arndt Vogel
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and EndocrinologyHannover Medical School Hannover Germany
| | - Marcus A. Wörns
- Department of Medicine I, Lichtenberg Research GroupJohannes Gutenberg University Mainz Germany
| | - Arndt Weinmann
- Department of Medicine I, Lichtenberg Research GroupJohannes Gutenberg University Mainz Germany
| | - Stefan Heinrich
- Department of SurgeryJohannes Gutenberg University Mainz Germany
| | - Hauke Lang
- Department of SurgeryJohannes Gutenberg University Mainz Germany
| | - Snorri S. Thorgeirsson
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis (LHC), Center for Cancer ResearchNational Cancer Institute, NIH Bethesda MD USA
| | - Peter R. Galle
- Department of Medicine I, Lichtenberg Research GroupJohannes Gutenberg University Mainz Germany
| | - Jens U. Marquardt
- Department of Medicine I, Lichtenberg Research GroupJohannes Gutenberg University Mainz Germany
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