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Dong N, Ma HX, Liu XQ, Li D, Liu LH, Shi Q, Ju XL. Histidine re-sensitizes pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia to 6-mercaptopurine through tetrahydrofolate consumption and SIRT5-mediated desuccinylation. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:216. [PMID: 38485947 PMCID: PMC10940622 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06599-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
Despite progressive improvements in the survival rate of pediatric B-cell lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL), chemoresistance-induced disease progression and recurrence still occur with poor prognosis, thus highlighting the urgent need to eradicate drug resistance in B-ALL. The 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP) is the backbone of ALL combination chemotherapy, and resistance to it is crucially related to relapse. The present study couples chemoresistance in pediatric B-ALL with histidine metabolism deficiency. Evidence was provided that histidine supplementation significantly shifts the 6-MP dose-response in 6-MP-resistant B-ALL. It is revealed that increased tetrahydrofolate consumption via histidine catabolism partially explains the re-sensitization ability of histidine. More importantly, this work provides fresh insights into that desuccinylation mediated by SIRT5 is an indispensable and synergistic requirement for histidine combination therapy against 6-MP resistance, which is undisclosed previously and demonstrates a rational strategy to ameliorate chemoresistance and protect pediatric patients with B-ALL from disease progression or relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Dong
- Department of Pediatrics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong Province, China
| | - Hui-Xian Ma
- Cryomedicine Laboratory, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xue-Qin Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong Province, China
| | - Dong Li
- Cryomedicine Laboratory, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong Province, China
| | - Ling-Hong Liu
- Cryomedicine Laboratory, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong Province, China
| | - Qing Shi
- Cryomedicine Laboratory, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xiu-Li Ju
- Department of Pediatrics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong Province, China.
- Cryomedicine Laboratory, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong Province, China.
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2
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Silonov SA, Mokin YI, Nedelyaev EM, Smirnov EY, Kuznetsova IM, Turoverov KK, Uversky VN, Fonin AV. On the Prevalence and Roles of Proteins Undergoing Liquid-Liquid Phase Separation in the Biogenesis of PML-Bodies. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1805. [PMID: 38136675 PMCID: PMC10741438 DOI: 10.3390/biom13121805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The formation and function of membrane-less organelles (MLOs) is one of the main driving forces in the molecular life of the cell. These processes are based on the separation of biopolymers into phases regulated by multiple specific and nonspecific inter- and intramolecular interactions. Among the realm of MLOs, a special place is taken by the promyelocytic leukemia nuclear bodies (PML-NBs or PML bodies), which are the intranuclear compartments involved in the regulation of cellular metabolism, transcription, the maintenance of genome stability, responses to viral infection, apoptosis, and tumor suppression. According to the accepted models, specific interactions, such as SUMO/SIM, the formation of disulfide bonds, etc., play a decisive role in the biogenesis of PML bodies. In this work, a number of bioinformatics approaches were used to study proteins found in the proteome of PML bodies for their tendency for spontaneous liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS), which is usually caused by weak nonspecific interactions. A total of 205 proteins found in PML bodies have been identified. It has been suggested that UBC9, P53, HIPK2, and SUMO1 can be considered as the scaffold proteins of PML bodies. It was shown that more than half of the proteins in the analyzed proteome are capable of spontaneous LLPS, with 85% of the analyzed proteins being intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) and the remaining 15% being proteins with intrinsically disordered protein regions (IDPRs). About 44% of all proteins analyzed in this study contain SUMO binding sites and can potentially be SUMOylated. These data suggest that weak nonspecific interactions play a significantly larger role in the formation and biogenesis of PML bodies than previously expected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey A. Silonov
- Laboratory of Structural Dynamics, Stability and Folding of Proteins, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg 194064, Russia; (S.A.S.); (Y.I.M.); (E.M.N.); (E.Y.S.); (I.M.K.); (K.K.T.)
| | - Yakov I. Mokin
- Laboratory of Structural Dynamics, Stability and Folding of Proteins, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg 194064, Russia; (S.A.S.); (Y.I.M.); (E.M.N.); (E.Y.S.); (I.M.K.); (K.K.T.)
| | - Eugene M. Nedelyaev
- Laboratory of Structural Dynamics, Stability and Folding of Proteins, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg 194064, Russia; (S.A.S.); (Y.I.M.); (E.M.N.); (E.Y.S.); (I.M.K.); (K.K.T.)
| | - Eugene Y. Smirnov
- Laboratory of Structural Dynamics, Stability and Folding of Proteins, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg 194064, Russia; (S.A.S.); (Y.I.M.); (E.M.N.); (E.Y.S.); (I.M.K.); (K.K.T.)
| | - Irina M. Kuznetsova
- Laboratory of Structural Dynamics, Stability and Folding of Proteins, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg 194064, Russia; (S.A.S.); (Y.I.M.); (E.M.N.); (E.Y.S.); (I.M.K.); (K.K.T.)
| | - Konstantin K. Turoverov
- Laboratory of Structural Dynamics, Stability and Folding of Proteins, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg 194064, Russia; (S.A.S.); (Y.I.M.); (E.M.N.); (E.Y.S.); (I.M.K.); (K.K.T.)
| | - Vladimir N. Uversky
- Department of Molecular Medicine and USF Health Byrd Alzheimer’s Research Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA;
| | - Alexander V. Fonin
- Laboratory of Structural Dynamics, Stability and Folding of Proteins, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg 194064, Russia; (S.A.S.); (Y.I.M.); (E.M.N.); (E.Y.S.); (I.M.K.); (K.K.T.)
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3
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Shin DH, Jo JY, Choi M, Kim KH, Bae YK, Kim SS. Oncogenic KRAS mutation confers chemoresistance by upregulating SIRT1 in non-small cell lung cancer. Exp Mol Med 2023; 55:2220-2237. [PMID: 37779142 PMCID: PMC10618295 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-023-01091-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homologue (KRAS) is a frequent oncogenic driver of solid tumors, including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The treatment and outcomes of KRAS-mutant cancers have not been dramatically revolutionized by direct KRAS-targeted therapies because of the lack of deep binding pockets for specific small molecule inhibitors. Here, we demonstrated that the mRNA and protein levels of the class III histone deacetylase SIRT1 were upregulated by the KRASMut-Raf-MEK-c-Myc axis in KRASMut lung cancer cells and in lung tumors of a mouse model with spontaneous KrasG12D expression. KRASMut-induced SIRT1 bound to KRASMut and stably deacetylated KRASMut at lysine 104, which increased KRASMut activity. SIRT1 knockdown (K/D) or the SIRT1H363Y mutation increased KRASMut acetylation, which decreased KRASMut activity and sensitized tumors to the anticancer effects of cisplatin and erlotinib. Furthermore, in KrasG12D/+;Sirt1co/co mice, treatment with cisplatin and erlotinib robustly reduced the tumor burden and increased survival rates compared with those in spontaneous LSL-KrasG12D/+;Sirt1+/+ mice and mice in each single-drug treatment group. Then, we identified p300 as a KRASMut acetyltransferase that reinforced KRASMut lysine 104 acetylation and robustly decreased KRASMut activity. KRASMut lysine 104 acetylation by p300 and deacetylation by SIRT1 were confirmed by LC‒MS/MS. Consistent with this finding, the SIRT1 inhibitor EX527 suppressed KRASMut activity, which synergistically abolished cell proliferation and colony formation, as well as the tumor burden in KRASMut mice, when combined with cisplatin or erlotinib. Our data reveal a novel pathway critical for the regulation of KRASMut lung cancer progression and provide important evidence for the potential application of SIRT1 inhibitors and p300 activators for the combination treatment of KRASMut lung cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Hoon Shin
- Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea.
- Cancer Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jeong Yeon Jo
- Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
- Cancer Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Minyoung Choi
- Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Hee Kim
- Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
- Cancer Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Ki Bae
- Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Soo Kim
- Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
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Rérolle D, de Thé H. The PML hub: An emerging actor of leukemia therapies. J Exp Med 2023; 220:e20221213. [PMID: 37382966 PMCID: PMC10309189 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20221213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
PML assembles into nuclear domains that have attracted considerable attention from cell and cancer biologists. Upon stress, PML nuclear bodies modulate sumoylation and other post-translational modifications, providing an integrated molecular framework for the multiple roles of PML in apoptosis, senescence, or metabolism. PML is both a sensor and an effector of oxidative stress. Emerging data has demonstrated its key role in promoting therapy response in several hematological malignancies. While these membrane-less nuclear hubs can enforce efficient cancer cell clearance, their downstream pathways deserve better characterization. PML NBs are druggable and their known modulators may have broader clinical utilities than initially thought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domitille Rérolle
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, Collège de France, Inserm, PSL Research University, Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm U944, CNRS, GenCellDis, Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis, Paris, France
| | - Hugues de Thé
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, Collège de France, Inserm, PSL Research University, Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm U944, CNRS, GenCellDis, Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis, Paris, France
- Chaire d'Oncologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire, Collège de France, Paris, France
- Service d'Hématologie Biologique, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital St. Louis, Paris, France
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5
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Podyacheva E, Toropova Y. The Role of NAD+, SIRTs Interactions in Stimulating and Counteracting Carcinogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24097925. [PMID: 37175631 PMCID: PMC10178434 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24097925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The World Health Organization has identified oncological diseases as one of the most serious health concerns of the current century. Current research on oncogenesis is focused on the molecular mechanisms of energy-biochemical reprogramming in cancer cell metabolism, including processes contributing to the Warburg effect and the pro-oncogenic and anti-oncogenic roles of sirtuins (SIRTs) and poly-(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs). However, a clear understanding of the interaction between NAD+, SIRTs in cancer development, as well as their effects on carcinogenesis, has not been established, and literature data vary greatly. This work aims to provide a summary and structure of the available information on NAD+, SIRTs interactions in both stimulating and countering carcinogenesis, and to discuss potential approaches for pharmacological modulation of these interactions to achieve an anticancer effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Podyacheva
- Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 197341 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Yana Toropova
- Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 197341 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
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6
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Role of SIRT5 in cancer. Friend or Foe? Biochimie 2023; 209:131-141. [PMID: 36813074 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2023.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is one of the main diseases currently afflicting mankind, being difficult to treat and generating thousands of deaths per year. As a result, researchers around the world are constantly searching for new therapeutic strategies to increase the survival rate of patients. In this regard, SIRT5 may be a promising therapeutic target due to its involvement in many metabolic pathways. Notably, SIRT5 has a dual role in the context of cancer, being able to act as a tumor suppressor in some types of cancer and behaving as an oncogene in others. Interestingly, the performance of SIRT5 is not specific and is highly dependent on the cellular context. As a tumor suppressor, SIRT5 prevents the Warburg effect, increases protection against ROS and reduces cell proliferation and metastasis, while as an oncogene it has the opposite effects as well as increasing resistance to chemotherapeutics and/or radiation. In this way, the aim of this work was to identify in which cancers SIRT5 has beneficial effects and in which deleterious ones based on their molecular characteristics. Furthermore, it was analyzed whether it is feasible to use this protein as a therapeutic target, either enhancing its activity or inhibiting it as appropriate.
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7
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Li J, Cao Y, Niu K, Qiu J, Wang H, You Y, Li D, Luo Y, Zhu Z, Zhang Y, Liu N. Quantitative acetylomics reveals dynamics of protein lysine acetylation in mouse livers during aging and upon the treatment of nicotinamide mononucleotide. Mol Cell Proteomics 2022; 21:100276. [PMID: 35931320 PMCID: PMC9436820 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcpro.2022.100276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysine acetylation is a reversible and dynamic post-translational modification that play vital roles in regulating multiple cellular processes including aging. However, acetylome-wide analysis in the aging process remains poorly studied in mammalian tissues. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+), a hub metabolite, benefits healthspan at least in part due to the activation of Sirtuins, a family of NAD+-consuming deacetylases, indicating changes in acetylome. Here, we combine two antibodies for the enrichment of acetylated peptides and perform label-free quantitative acetylomic analysis of mouse livers during natural aging and upon the treatment of beta-nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN), a NAD+ booster. Our study describes previously unknown acetylation sites and reveals the acetylome-wide dynamics with age as well as upon the treatment of NMN. We discover protein acetylation events as potential aging biomarkers. We demonstrate that the life-beneficial effect of NMN could be partially reflected by the changes in age-related protein acetylation. Our quantitative assessment indicates that NMN has mild effects on acetylation sites previously reported as substrates of Sirtuins. Collectively, our data analyzes protein acetylation with age, laying critical foundation for the functional study of protein post-translational modification essential for healthy aging and perhaps disease conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingshu Li
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100 Hai Ke Rd., Pudong, Shanghai, 201210, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ye Cao
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100 Hai Ke Rd., Pudong, Shanghai, 201210, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Kongyan Niu
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100 Hai Ke Rd., Pudong, Shanghai, 201210, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jiaqian Qiu
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100 Hai Ke Rd., Pudong, Shanghai, 201210, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Han Wang
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100 Hai Ke Rd., Pudong, Shanghai, 201210, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yingnan You
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100 Hai Ke Rd., Pudong, Shanghai, 201210, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Dean Li
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100 Hai Ke Rd., Pudong, Shanghai, 201210, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yu Luo
- Abiochem Biotechnology, 1299 Zi Yue Rd., Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Zhengjiang Zhu
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100 Hai Ke Rd., Pudong, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Yaoyang Zhang
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100 Hai Ke Rd., Pudong, Shanghai, 201210, China.
| | - Nan Liu
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100 Hai Ke Rd., Pudong, Shanghai, 201210, China.
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Fonin AV, Silonov SA, Fefilova AS, Stepanenko OV, Gavrilova AA, Petukhov AV, Romanovich AE, Modina AL, Zueva TS, Nedelyaev EM, Pleskach NM, Kuranova ML, Kuznetsova IM, Uversky VN, Turoverov KK. New Evidence of the Importance of Weak Interactions in the Formation of PML-Bodies. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031613. [PMID: 35163537 PMCID: PMC8835755 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, we performed a comparative study of the formation of PML bodies by full-length PML isoforms and their C-terminal domains in the presence and absence of endogenous PML. Based on the analysis of the distribution of intrinsic disorder predisposition in the amino acid sequences of PML isoforms, regions starting from the amino acid residue 395 (i.e., sequences encoded by exons 4–6) were assigned as the C-terminal domains of these proteins. We demonstrate that each of the full-sized nuclear isoforms of PML is capable of forming nuclear liquid-droplet compartments in the absence of other PML isoforms. These droplets possess dynamic characteristics of the exchange with the nucleoplasm close to those observed in the wild-type cells. Only the C-terminal domains of the PML-II and PML-V isoforms are able to be included in the composition of the endogenous PML bodies, while being partially distributed in the nucleoplasm. The bodies formed by the C-terminal domain of the PML-II isoform are dynamic liquid droplet compartments, regardless of the presence or absence of endogenous PML. The C-terminal domain of PML-V forms dynamic liquid droplet compartments in the knockout cells (PML−/−), but when the C-terminus of the PML-V isoform is inserted into the existing endogenous PML bodies, the molecules of this protein cease to exchange with the nucleoplasm. It was demonstrated that the K490R substitution, which disrupts the PML sumoylation, promotes diffuse distribution of the C-terminal domains of PML-II and PML-V isoforms in endogenous PML knockout HeLa cells, but not in the wild-type cells. These data indicate the ability of the C-terminal domains of the PML-II and PML-V isoforms to form dynamic liquid droplet-like compartments, regardless of the ordered N-terminal RBCC motifs of the PML. This indicates a significant role of the non-specific interactions between the mostly disordered C-terminal domains of PML isoforms for the initiation of liquid–liquid phase separation (LLPS) leading to the formation of PML bodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander V. Fonin
- Laboratory of Structural Dynamics, Stability and Folding of Proteins, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Tikhoretsky Ave., 194064 St. Petersburg, Russia; (S.A.S.); (A.S.F.); (O.V.S.); (A.A.G.); (A.L.M.); (T.S.Z.); (E.M.N.); (N.M.P.); (M.L.K.); (I.M.K.)
- Correspondence: (A.V.F.); (K.K.T.); Tel.: +7-812-2971957 (K.K.T.); Fax: +7-812-2970341 (K.K.T.)
| | - Sergey A. Silonov
- Laboratory of Structural Dynamics, Stability and Folding of Proteins, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Tikhoretsky Ave., 194064 St. Petersburg, Russia; (S.A.S.); (A.S.F.); (O.V.S.); (A.A.G.); (A.L.M.); (T.S.Z.); (E.M.N.); (N.M.P.); (M.L.K.); (I.M.K.)
| | - Anna S. Fefilova
- Laboratory of Structural Dynamics, Stability and Folding of Proteins, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Tikhoretsky Ave., 194064 St. Petersburg, Russia; (S.A.S.); (A.S.F.); (O.V.S.); (A.A.G.); (A.L.M.); (T.S.Z.); (E.M.N.); (N.M.P.); (M.L.K.); (I.M.K.)
| | - Olesya V. Stepanenko
- Laboratory of Structural Dynamics, Stability and Folding of Proteins, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Tikhoretsky Ave., 194064 St. Petersburg, Russia; (S.A.S.); (A.S.F.); (O.V.S.); (A.A.G.); (A.L.M.); (T.S.Z.); (E.M.N.); (N.M.P.); (M.L.K.); (I.M.K.)
| | - Anastasia A. Gavrilova
- Laboratory of Structural Dynamics, Stability and Folding of Proteins, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Tikhoretsky Ave., 194064 St. Petersburg, Russia; (S.A.S.); (A.S.F.); (O.V.S.); (A.A.G.); (A.L.M.); (T.S.Z.); (E.M.N.); (N.M.P.); (M.L.K.); (I.M.K.)
| | - Alexey V. Petukhov
- Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Institute of Hematology, 197341 St. Petersburg, Russia;
| | - Anna E. Romanovich
- Resource Center of Molecular and Cell Technologies, St-Petersburg State University Research Park, Universitetskaya Emb. 7–9, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia;
| | - Anna L. Modina
- Laboratory of Structural Dynamics, Stability and Folding of Proteins, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Tikhoretsky Ave., 194064 St. Petersburg, Russia; (S.A.S.); (A.S.F.); (O.V.S.); (A.A.G.); (A.L.M.); (T.S.Z.); (E.M.N.); (N.M.P.); (M.L.K.); (I.M.K.)
| | - Tatiana S. Zueva
- Laboratory of Structural Dynamics, Stability and Folding of Proteins, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Tikhoretsky Ave., 194064 St. Petersburg, Russia; (S.A.S.); (A.S.F.); (O.V.S.); (A.A.G.); (A.L.M.); (T.S.Z.); (E.M.N.); (N.M.P.); (M.L.K.); (I.M.K.)
| | - Evgeniy M. Nedelyaev
- Laboratory of Structural Dynamics, Stability and Folding of Proteins, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Tikhoretsky Ave., 194064 St. Petersburg, Russia; (S.A.S.); (A.S.F.); (O.V.S.); (A.A.G.); (A.L.M.); (T.S.Z.); (E.M.N.); (N.M.P.); (M.L.K.); (I.M.K.)
| | - Nadejda M. Pleskach
- Laboratory of Structural Dynamics, Stability and Folding of Proteins, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Tikhoretsky Ave., 194064 St. Petersburg, Russia; (S.A.S.); (A.S.F.); (O.V.S.); (A.A.G.); (A.L.M.); (T.S.Z.); (E.M.N.); (N.M.P.); (M.L.K.); (I.M.K.)
| | - Mirya L. Kuranova
- Laboratory of Structural Dynamics, Stability and Folding of Proteins, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Tikhoretsky Ave., 194064 St. Petersburg, Russia; (S.A.S.); (A.S.F.); (O.V.S.); (A.A.G.); (A.L.M.); (T.S.Z.); (E.M.N.); (N.M.P.); (M.L.K.); (I.M.K.)
| | - Irina M. Kuznetsova
- Laboratory of Structural Dynamics, Stability and Folding of Proteins, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Tikhoretsky Ave., 194064 St. Petersburg, Russia; (S.A.S.); (A.S.F.); (O.V.S.); (A.A.G.); (A.L.M.); (T.S.Z.); (E.M.N.); (N.M.P.); (M.L.K.); (I.M.K.)
| | - Vladimir N. Uversky
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Byrd Alzheimer’s Research Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA;
| | - Konstantin K. Turoverov
- Laboratory of Structural Dynamics, Stability and Folding of Proteins, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Tikhoretsky Ave., 194064 St. Petersburg, Russia; (S.A.S.); (A.S.F.); (O.V.S.); (A.A.G.); (A.L.M.); (T.S.Z.); (E.M.N.); (N.M.P.); (M.L.K.); (I.M.K.)
- Correspondence: (A.V.F.); (K.K.T.); Tel.: +7-812-2971957 (K.K.T.); Fax: +7-812-2970341 (K.K.T.)
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9
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Ekremoglu O, Koc A. The role of SIRT5 and p53 proteins in the sensitivity of colon cancer cells to chemotherapeutic agent 5-Fluorouracil. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:5485-5495. [PMID: 34279763 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06558-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the treatment of colorectal cancer, it is important to develop drug combinations that will increase the effectiveness of chemotherapy and to determine the molecular targets of the drugs. Therefore, combined therapies that can increase the sensitivity of 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) and the molecular pathways involved in this process are important in the treatment of the disease. Here we examined the SIRT5 (Resveratrol and Suramin) and p53 (Nutlin3a) modulators alone or in combination with 5-FU on the proliferation of colon cancer cells and effect of 5-FU on the SIRT5 and FOXO3a protein expressions whether p53 dependent or independent manner. METHODS AND RESULTS: According to our MTT assay results, Resveratrol (RSV), Nutlin3a and Suramin was found to be more effective in HCT-116 p53+/+ cells and these differences were evaluated together with the effect of 5-FU on the SIRT5, FOXO3a and Bim protein expressions in HCT-116 p53 +/+ and HCT-116 p53 -/- cells. SIRT5 is known to deacetylate FOXO3a which plays roles in the induction of apoptosis via Bim protein. Our western blot experiment results showed that while Suramin decreased SIRT5 and RSV decreased FOXO3a protein expressions significantly in HCT-116 p53 -/- cells, 5-FU decreased significantly SIRT5 and FOXO3a protein expressions in a p53 independent manner. CONCLUSIONS In this study, the effect of 5-FU on SIRT5 and FOXO 3a proteins was determined for the first time in HCT-116 p53 +/+ and HCT-116 p53 -/- cells. These results may help the discovery of new markers in colon cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozlem Ekremoglu
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ankara, Do Gol Street, Tandogan, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Asli Koc
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ankara, Do Gol Street, Tandogan, Ankara, Turkey.
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10
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Fonin AV, Silonov SA, Shpironok OG, Antifeeva IA, Petukhov AV, Romanovich AE, Kuznetsova IM, Uversky VN, Turoverov KK. The Role of Non-Specific Interactions in Canonical and ALT-Associated PML-Bodies Formation and Dynamics. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115821. [PMID: 34072343 PMCID: PMC8198325 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, we put forward a hypothesis about the decisive role of multivalent nonspecific interactions in the early stages of PML body formation. Our analysis of the PML isoform sequences showed that some of the PML isoforms, primarily PML-II, are prone to phase separation due to their polyampholytic properties and the disordered structure of their C-terminal domains. The similarity of the charge properties of the C-terminal domains of PML-II and PML-VI isoforms made it possible for the first time to detect migration of PML-VI from PML bodies to the periphery of the cell nucleus, similar to the migration of PML-II isoforms. We found a population of “small” (area less than 1 µm2) spherical PML bodies with high dynamics of PML isoforms exchange with nucleoplasm and a low fraction of immobilized proteins, which indicates their liquid state properties. Such structures can act as “seeds” of functionally active PML bodies, providing the necessary concentration of PML isoforms for the formation of intermolecular disulfide bonds between PML monomers. FRAP analysis of larger bodies of toroidal topology showed the existence of an insoluble scaffold in their structure. The hypothesis about the role of nonspecific multiple weak interactions in the formation of PML bodies is further supported by the change in the composition of the scaffold proteins of PML bodies, but not their solidification, under conditions of induction of dimerization of PML isoforms under oxidative stress. Using the colocalization of ALT-associated PML bodies (APBs) with TRF1, we identified APBs and showed the difference in the dynamic properties of APBs and canonical PML bodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander V. Fonin
- Laboratory of Structural Dynamics, Stability and Folding of Proteins, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Tikhoretsky Ave., 194064 St. Petersburg, Russia; (S.A.S.); (O.G.S.); (I.A.A.); (I.M.K.)
- Correspondence: (A.V.F.); (V.N.U.); (K.K.T.); Tel.: +7-812-2971957 (K.K.T.); Fax: +7-812-2970341(K.K.T.)
| | - Sergey A. Silonov
- Laboratory of Structural Dynamics, Stability and Folding of Proteins, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Tikhoretsky Ave., 194064 St. Petersburg, Russia; (S.A.S.); (O.G.S.); (I.A.A.); (I.M.K.)
| | - Olesya G. Shpironok
- Laboratory of Structural Dynamics, Stability and Folding of Proteins, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Tikhoretsky Ave., 194064 St. Petersburg, Russia; (S.A.S.); (O.G.S.); (I.A.A.); (I.M.K.)
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 141700 Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Iuliia A. Antifeeva
- Laboratory of Structural Dynamics, Stability and Folding of Proteins, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Tikhoretsky Ave., 194064 St. Petersburg, Russia; (S.A.S.); (O.G.S.); (I.A.A.); (I.M.K.)
| | - Alexey V. Petukhov
- Institute of Hematology, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, 197341 St. Petersburg, Russia;
| | - Anna E. Romanovich
- St-Petersburg State University Science Park, Resource Center of Molecular and Cell Technologies, Universitetskaya nab. 7-9, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia;
| | - Irina M. Kuznetsova
- Laboratory of Structural Dynamics, Stability and Folding of Proteins, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Tikhoretsky Ave., 194064 St. Petersburg, Russia; (S.A.S.); (O.G.S.); (I.A.A.); (I.M.K.)
| | - Vladimir N. Uversky
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Byrd Alzheimer’s Research Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
- Correspondence: (A.V.F.); (V.N.U.); (K.K.T.); Tel.: +7-812-2971957 (K.K.T.); Fax: +7-812-2970341(K.K.T.)
| | - Konstantin K. Turoverov
- Laboratory of Structural Dynamics, Stability and Folding of Proteins, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Tikhoretsky Ave., 194064 St. Petersburg, Russia; (S.A.S.); (O.G.S.); (I.A.A.); (I.M.K.)
- Peter the Great St.-Petersburg Polytechnic University, Polytechnicheskaya 29, 195251 St. Petersburg, Russia
- Correspondence: (A.V.F.); (V.N.U.); (K.K.T.); Tel.: +7-812-2971957 (K.K.T.); Fax: +7-812-2970341(K.K.T.)
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11
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Brockmueller A, Sameri S, Liskova A, Zhai K, Varghese E, Samuel SM, Büsselberg D, Kubatka P, Shakibaei M. Resveratrol's Anti-Cancer Effects through the Modulation of Tumor Glucose Metabolism. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13020188. [PMID: 33430318 PMCID: PMC7825813 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13020188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The prevention and treatment of cancer is an ongoing medical challenge. In the context of personalized medicine, the well-studied polyphenol resveratrol could complement classical tumor therapy. It may affect key processes such as inflammation, angiogenesis, proliferation, metastasis, glucose metabolism, and apoptosis in various cancers because resveratrol acts as a multi-targeting agent by modulating multiple signal transduction pathways. This review article focuses on resveratrol’s ability to modify tumor glucose metabolism and its associated therapeutic capacity. Resveratrol reduces glucose uptake and glycolysis by affecting Glut1, PFK1, HIF-1α, ROS, PDH, and the CamKKB/AMPK pathway. It also inhibits cell growth, invasion, and proliferation by targeting NF-kB, Sirt1, Sirt3, LDH, PI-3K, mTOR, PKM2, R5P, G6PD, TKT, talin, and PGAM. In addition, resveratrol induces apoptosis by targeting integrin, p53, LDH, and FAK. In conclusion, resveratrol has many potentials to intervene in tumor processes if bioavailability can be increased and this natural compound can be used selectively. Abstract Tumor cells develop several metabolic reprogramming strategies, such as increased glucose uptake and utilization via aerobic glycolysis and fermentation of glucose to lactate; these lead to a low pH environment in which the cancer cells thrive and evade apoptosis. These characteristics of tumor cells are known as the Warburg effect. Adaptive metabolic alterations in cancer cells can be attributed to mutations in key metabolic enzymes and transcription factors. The features of the Warburg phenotype may serve as promising markers for the early detection and treatment of tumors. Besides, the glycolytic process of tumors is reversible and could represent a therapeutic target. So-called mono-target therapies are often unsafe and ineffective, and have a high prevalence of recurrence. Their success is hindered by the ability of tumor cells to simultaneously develop multiple chemoresistance pathways. Therefore, agents that modify several cellular targets, such as energy restriction to target tumor cells specifically, have therapeutic potential. Resveratrol, a natural active polyphenol found in grapes and red wine and used in many traditional medicines, is known for its ability to target multiple components of signaling pathways in tumors, leading to the suppression of cell proliferation, activation of apoptosis, and regression in tumor growth. Here, we describe current knowledge on the various mechanisms by which resveratrol modulates glucose metabolism, its potential as an imitator of caloric restriction, and its therapeutic capacity in tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aranka Brockmueller
- Musculoskeletal Research Group and Tumor Biology, Chair of Vegetative Anatomy, Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilian-University Munich, Pettenkoferstrasse 11, D-80336 Munich, Germany;
| | - Saba Sameri
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, 6517838678 Hamadan, Iran;
| | - Alena Liskova
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia;
| | - Kevin Zhai
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha 24144, Qatar; (K.Z.); (E.V.); (S.M.S.); (D.B.)
| | - Elizabeth Varghese
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha 24144, Qatar; (K.Z.); (E.V.); (S.M.S.); (D.B.)
| | - Samson Mathews Samuel
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha 24144, Qatar; (K.Z.); (E.V.); (S.M.S.); (D.B.)
| | - Dietrich Büsselberg
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha 24144, Qatar; (K.Z.); (E.V.); (S.M.S.); (D.B.)
| | - Peter Kubatka
- Department of Medical Biology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia;
| | - Mehdi Shakibaei
- Musculoskeletal Research Group and Tumor Biology, Chair of Vegetative Anatomy, Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilian-University Munich, Pettenkoferstrasse 11, D-80336 Munich, Germany;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-892-1807-2624; Fax: +49-892-1807-2625
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12
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Li Y, Ma X, Wu W, Chen Z, Meng G. PML Nuclear Body Biogenesis, Carcinogenesis, and Targeted Therapy. Trends Cancer 2020; 6:889-906. [PMID: 32527650 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2020.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Targeted therapy has become increasingly important in cancer therapy. For example, targeting the promyelocytic leukemia PML protein in leukemia has proved to be an effective treatment. PML is the core component of super-assembled structures called PML nuclear bodies (NBs). Although this nuclear megaDalton complex was first observed in the 1960s, the mechanism of its assembly remains poorly understood. We review recent breakthroughs in the PML field ranging from a revised assembly mechanism to PML-driven genome organization and carcinogenesis. In addition, we highlight that oncogenic oligomerization might also represent a promising target in the treatment of leukemias and solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuwen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, National Research Center for Translational Medicine, Rui-Jin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Xiaodan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, National Research Center for Translational Medicine, Rui-Jin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Wenyu Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, National Research Center for Translational Medicine, Rui-Jin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Zhu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, National Research Center for Translational Medicine, Rui-Jin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
| | - Guoyu Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, National Research Center for Translational Medicine, Rui-Jin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
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13
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Moon H, Zhu J, White AC. Sirt5 is dispensable for Braf V600E -mediated cutaneous melanoma development and growth in vivo. Exp Dermatol 2020; 28:83-85. [PMID: 30471144 DOI: 10.1111/exd.13845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Sirt5 is known to functionally regulate mitochondrial proteins by altering posttranslational modifications, including lysine desuccinylation. While roles for Sirt5 as either a tumor promoter or suppressor, or in chemoresistance, have been implicated in other cancers, the function of Sirt5 in cutaneous melanoma has not been well examined. Therefore, to determine whether Sirt5 is necessary for BrafV600E -mediated melanoma formation and/or disease progression, we crossed a genetically engineered murine melanoma model (TyrCre ERT 2/+ ; BrafLSL -V600E/+ ; Ptenflox/flox ) to Sirt5-/- knockout animals. In addition, we tested for synergism with a selective BRAF (V600E) inhibitor in Sirt5-/- mouse melanoma cells. Taken together, this report demonstrates that, in these models, Sirt5 is dispensable for BrafV600E -mediated cutaneous melanoma formation and growth in vivo, and does not improve sensitivity to a selective BRAF inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeongsun Moon
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
| | - Jerry Zhu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
| | - Andrew C White
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
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14
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PML nuclear body biogenesis and oligomerization-driven leukemogenesis. BLOOD SCIENCE 2020; 2:7-10. [PMID: 35399865 PMCID: PMC8975047 DOI: 10.1097/bs9.0000000000000034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
PML nuclear bodies (NBs), which are increasingly recognized as the central hub of many cellular signaling events, are superassembled spherical complexes with diameters of 0.1–2 μm. Recent studies reveal that RING tetramerization and B1-box polymerization are key factors to the overall PML NBs assembly. The productive RBCC oligomerization allows subsequent PML biogenesis steps, including the PML auto-sumoylation and partners recruitment via SUMO–SIM interactions. In promyelocytic leukemia, the oncoprotein PML/RARα (P/R) inhibits PML NBs assembly and leads to a full-fledged leukemogenesis. In this review, we review the recent progress in PML and acute promyelocytic leukemia fields, highlighting the protein oligomerization as an important direction of future targeted therapy.
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15
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Costa-Machado LF, Fernandez-Marcos PJ. The sirtuin family in cancer. Cell Cycle 2019; 18:2164-2196. [PMID: 31251117 PMCID: PMC6738532 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2019.1634953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Sirtuins are a family of protein deacylases and ADP-ribosyl-transferases, homologs to the yeast SIR2 protein. Seven sirtuin paralogs have been described in mammals, with different subcellular locations, targets, enzymatic activities, and regulatory mechanisms. All sirtuins share NAD+ as substrate, placing them as central metabolic hubs with strong relevance in lifespan, metabolism, and cancer development. Much effort has been devoted to studying the roles of sirtuins in cancer, providing a wealth of data on sirtuins roles in mouse models and humans. Also, extensive data are available on the effects of pharmacological modulation of sirtuins in cancer development. Here, we present a comprehensive and organized resume of all the existing evidence linking every sirtuin with cancer development. From our analysis, we conclude that sirtuin modulation after tumor initiation results in unpredictable outcomes in most tumor types. On the contrary, all genetic and pharmacological models indicate that sirtuins activation prior to tumor initiation can constitute a powerful preventive strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Filipe Costa-Machado
- Metabolic Syndrome group - BIOPROMET, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies - IMDEA Food, CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo J. Fernandez-Marcos
- Metabolic Syndrome group - BIOPROMET, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies - IMDEA Food, CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid, Spain
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16
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Zhang R, Wang C, Tian Y, Yao Y, Mao J, Wang H, Li Z, Xu Y, Ye M, Wang L. SIRT5 Promotes Hepatocellular Carcinoma Progression by Regulating Mitochondrial Apoptosis. J Cancer 2019; 10:3871-3882. [PMID: 31333804 PMCID: PMC6636294 DOI: 10.7150/jca.31266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
SIRT5 belongs to a family of NAD+-dependent lysine deacetylases called sirtuins. Although accumulating evidence indicates SIRT5 upregulation in cancers, including liver cancer, the detailed roles and mechanisms remain to be revealed. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths among men worldwide, and finding effective targets for HCC treatment and prevention is urgently needed. In the present study, we confirmed that mitochondrial sirtuins, particularly SIRT5, are more highly expressed in HCC cell lines than in normal liver cell lines. Moreover, SIRT5 knockdown suppresses HCC cell proliferation and SIRT5 overexpression promotes HCC cell proliferation. Furthermore, we verified that SIRT5 knockdown increases HCC cell apoptosis via the mitochondrial pathway. By co-IP and western blotting, we illustrated that SIRT5 deacetylates cytochrome c thus regulating HCC cell apoptosis. Taken together, our findings suggest that SIRT5 may function as a prognostic factor and drug target for HCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rixin Zhang
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, NO.467, Zhongshan Road, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
| | - Chengye Wang
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, NO.467, Zhongshan Road, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
| | - Yu Tian
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, NO.467, Zhongshan Road, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China.,Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, NO.467, Zhongshan Road, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
| | - Yifan Yao
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, NO.467, Zhongshan Road, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
| | - Jiakai Mao
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, NO.467, Zhongshan Road, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
| | - Haibo Wang
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, NO.467, Zhongshan Road, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
| | - Zhenghan Li
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, NO.467, Zhongshan Road, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
| | - Yakun Xu
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, NO.467, Zhongshan Road, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
| | - Mingliang Ye
- CAS Key Lab of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, National Chromatographic Research and Analysis Center, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, NO.457, Zhongshan Road, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
| | - Liming Wang
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, NO.467, Zhongshan Road, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
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17
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Kumar S, Lombard DB. Functions of the sirtuin deacylase SIRT5 in normal physiology and pathobiology. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 2018; 53:311-334. [PMID: 29637793 DOI: 10.1080/10409238.2018.1458071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Sirtuins are NAD+-dependent protein deacylases/ADP-ribosyltransferases that have emerged as candidate targets for new therapeutics to treat metabolic disorders and other diseases, including cancer. The sirtuin SIRT5 resides primarily in the mitochondrial matrix and catalyzes the removal of negatively charged lysine acyl modifications; succinyl, malonyl, and glutaryl groups. Evidence has now accumulated to document the roles of SIRT5 as a significant regulator of cellular homeostasis, in a context- and cell-type specific manner, as has been observed previously for other sirtuin family members. SIRT5 regulates protein substrates involved in glycolysis, the TCA cycle, fatty acid oxidation, electron transport chain, ketone body formation, nitrogenous waste management, and ROS detoxification, among other processes. SIRT5 plays pivotal roles in cardiac physiology and stress responses and is involved in the regulation of numerous aspects of myocardial energy metabolism. SIRT5 is implicated in neoplasia, as both a tumor promoter and suppressor in a context-specific manner, and may serve a protective function in the setting of neurodegenerative disorders. Here, we review the current understanding of functional impacts of SIRT5 on its metabolic targets, and its molecular functions in both normal and pathological conditions. Finally, we will discuss the potential utility of SIRT5 as a drug target and also summarize the current status, progress, and challenges in developing small molecule compounds to modulate SIRT5 activity with high potency and specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surinder Kumar
- a Department of Pathology , University of Michigan , Ann Arbor , MI , USA
| | - David B Lombard
- a Department of Pathology , University of Michigan , Ann Arbor , MI , USA.,b Institute of Gerontology , University of Michigan , Ann Arbor , MI , USA
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18
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D'Onofrio N, Servillo L, Balestrieri ML. SIRT1 and SIRT6 Signaling Pathways in Cardiovascular Disease Protection. Antioxid Redox Signal 2018; 28:711-732. [PMID: 28661724 PMCID: PMC5824538 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 244] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Oxidative stress represents the common hallmark of pathological conditions associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD), including atherosclerosis, heart failure, hypertension, aging, diabetes, and other vascular system-related diseases. The sirtuin (SIRT) family, comprising seven proteins (SIRT1-SIRT7) sharing a highly conserved nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)-binding catalytic domain, attracted a great attention for the past few years as stress adaptor and epigenetic enzymes involved in the cellular events controlling aging-related disorder, cancer, and CVD. Recent Advances: Among sirtuins, SIRT1 and SIRT6 are the best characterized for their protective roles against inflammation, vascular aging, heart disease, and atherosclerotic plaque development. This latest role has been only recently unveiled for SIRT6. Of interest, in recent years, complex signaling networks controlled by SIRT1 and SIRT6 common to stress resistance, vascular aging, and CVD have emerged. CRITICAL ISSUES We provide a comprehensive overview of recent developments on the molecular signaling pathways controlled by SIRT1 and SIRT6, two post-translational modifiers proven to be valuable tools to dampen inflammation and oxidative stress at the cardiovascular level. FUTURE DIRECTIONS A deeper understanding of the epigenetic mechanisms through which SIRT1 and SIRT6 act in the signalings responsible for onset and development CVD is a prime scientific endeavor of the upcoming years. Multiple "omic" technologies will have widespread implications in understanding such mechanisms, speeding up the achievement of selective and efficient pharmacological modulation of sirtuins for future applications in the prevention and treatment of CVD. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 28, 711-732.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nunzia D'Onofrio
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, School of Medicine and Surgery, Università degli Studi della Campania , Naples, Italy
| | - Luigi Servillo
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, School of Medicine and Surgery, Università degli Studi della Campania , Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Balestrieri
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, School of Medicine and Surgery, Università degli Studi della Campania , Naples, Italy
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19
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Lafarga V, Tapia O, Sharma S, Bengoechea R, Stoecklin G, Lafarga M, Berciano MT. CBP-mediated SMN acetylation modulates Cajal body biogenesis and the cytoplasmic targeting of SMN. Cell Mol Life Sci 2018; 75:527-546. [PMID: 28879433 PMCID: PMC11105684 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-017-2638-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2017] [Revised: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The survival of motor neuron (SMN) protein plays an essential role in the biogenesis of spliceosomal snRNPs and the molecular assembly of Cajal bodies (CBs). Deletion of or mutations in the SMN1 gene cause spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) with degeneration and loss of motor neurons. Reduced SMN levels in SMA lead to deficient snRNP biogenesis with consequent splicing pathology. Here, we demonstrate that SMN is a novel and specific target of the acetyltransferase CBP (CREB-binding protein). Furthermore, we identify lysine (K) 119 as the main acetylation site in SMN. Importantly, SMN acetylation enhances its cytoplasmic localization, causes depletion of CBs, and reduces the accumulation of snRNPs in nuclear speckles. In contrast, the acetylation-deficient SMNK119R mutant promotes formation of CBs and a novel category of promyelocytic leukemia (PML) bodies enriched in this protein. Acetylation increases the half-life of SMN protein, reduces its cytoplasmic diffusion rate and modifies its interactome. Hence, SMN acetylation leads to its dysfunction, which explains the ineffectiveness of HDAC (histone deacetylases) inhibitors in SMA therapy despite their potential to increase SMN levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanesa Lafarga
- Laboratory of Genomic Instability, "Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas" (CNIO), 28024, Madrid, Spain
- Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Olga Tapia
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, "Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas" (CIBERNED), University of Cantabria-IDIVAL, 39011, Santander, Spain
| | - Sahil Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, Center for Biomedicine and Medical Technology Mannheim (CBTM), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
- Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH), 68167, Mannheim, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Rocio Bengoechea
- Department of Neurology, The Hope Center for Neurological Diseases, School of Medicine of Washington University, St. Louis, 63110, USA
| | - Georg Stoecklin
- Department of Biochemistry, Center for Biomedicine and Medical Technology Mannheim (CBTM), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
- Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH), 68167, Mannheim, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Miguel Lafarga
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, "Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas" (CIBERNED), University of Cantabria-IDIVAL, 39011, Santander, Spain
| | - Maria T Berciano
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, "Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas" (CIBERNED), University of Cantabria-IDIVAL, 39011, Santander, Spain.
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Hsu KS, Kao HY. PML: Regulation and multifaceted function beyond tumor suppression. Cell Biosci 2018; 8:5. [PMID: 29416846 PMCID: PMC5785837 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-018-0204-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Promyelocytic leukemia protein (PML) was originally identified as a fusion partner of retinoic acid receptor alpha in acute promyelocytic leukemia patients with the (15;17) chromosomal translocation, giving rise to PML–RARα and RARα–PML fusion proteins. A body of evidence indicated that PML possesses tumor suppressing activity by regulating apoptosis, cell cycle, senescence and DNA damage responses. PML is enriched in discrete nuclear substructures in mammalian cells with 0.2–1 μm diameter in size, referred to as alternately Kremer bodies, nuclear domain 10, PML oncogenic domains or PML nuclear bodies (NBs). Dysregulation of PML NB formation results in altered transcriptional regulation, protein modification, apoptosis and cellular senescence. In addition to PML NBs, PML is also present in nucleoplasm and cytoplasmic compartments, including the endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria-associated membranes. The role of PML in tumor suppression has been extensively studied but increasing evidence indicates that PML also plays versatile roles in stem cell renewal, metabolism, inflammatory responses, neural function, mammary development and angiogenesis. In this review, we will briefly describe the known PML regulation and function and include new findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo-Sheng Hsu
- 1Department of Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA.,Present Address: Tumor Angiogenesis Section, Mouse Cancer Genetics Program (MCGP), National Cancer Institute (NCI), NIH, Frederick, MD 21702 USA
| | - Hung-Ying Kao
- 1Department of Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA.,The Comprehensive Cancer Center of Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals of Cleveland, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA
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21
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Sultan S, Alzahrani N, Al-Sakkaf K. The postpartum effect of maternal diabetes on the circulating levels of sirtuins and superoxide dismutase. FEBS Open Bio 2018; 8:256-263. [PMID: 29435415 PMCID: PMC5794456 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Revised: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a glucose intolerance disorder which occurs during pregnancy as a result of insulin insensitivity; it usually disappears after delivery. However, some women with GDM can develop type 2 diabetes (T2D) after delivery, and the mechanisms by which this occurs remain unknown. This study compared the levels of sirtuins (NAD‐dependent deacetylases) and antioxidative enzymes in postpartum women with previous GDM (pGDM) or T2D and in postpartum women with a previous healthy pregnancy (controls). Women with pGDM showed upregulated levels of sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) mRNA and protein, with reduced expression levels of sirtuin 3 (SIRT3) and superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2), relative to the controls. Women with T2D similarly showed a lower level of SIRT3 mRNA than the controls. Lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde) was higher in women with pGDM than in the controls. These data show that in women with pGDM, the reduced level of SIRT3 may play a role in the reduced SOD2 level, possibly leading to oxidative stress, which, in turn, upregulates the level of SIRT1. These results might confer the risk of future diabetes development in women with pGDM, as a similar reduction in SIRT3 was found in women with T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samar Sultan
- Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences King Abdulaziz University Jeddah Saudi Arabia
| | - Nada Alzahrani
- Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences King Abdulaziz University Jeddah Saudi Arabia
| | - Kalthoom Al-Sakkaf
- Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences King Abdulaziz University Jeddah Saudi Arabia
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de Thé H, Pandolfi PP, Chen Z. Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia: A Paradigm for Oncoprotein-Targeted Cure. Cancer Cell 2017; 32:552-560. [PMID: 29136503 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2017.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Revised: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Recent clinical trials have demonstrated that the immense majority of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) patients can be definitively cured by the combination of two targeted therapies: retinoic acid (RA) and arsenic. Mouse models have provided unexpected insights into the mechanisms involved. Restoration of PML nuclear bodies upon RA- and/or arsenic-initiated PML/RARA degradation is essential, while RA-triggered transcriptional activation is dispensable for APL eradication. Mutations of the arsenic-binding site of PML/RARA, but also PML, have been detected in therapy-resistant patients, demonstrating the key role of PML in APL cure. PML nuclear bodies are druggable and could be harnessed in other conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugues de Thé
- Collège de France, PSL Research University, Chaire d'Oncologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire, Paris, France; Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, INSERM UMR 944, CNRS UMR 7212, Hôpital St. Louis, Paris, France.
| | - Pier Paolo Pandolfi
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Department of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Zhu Chen
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200025 Shanghai, China
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23
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Deng JJ, Kong KYE, Gao WW, Tang HMV, Chaudhary V, Cheng Y, Zhou J, Chan CP, Wong DKH, Yuen MF, Jin DY. Interplay between SIRT1 and hepatitis B virus X protein in the activation of viral transcription. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2017; 1860:491-501. [PMID: 28242208 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2017.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Revised: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) genome is organized into a minichromosome known as covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA), which serves as the template for all viral transcripts. SIRT1 is an NAD+-dependent protein deacetylase which activates HBV transcription by promoting the activity of cellular transcription factors and coactivators. How SIRT1 and viral transactivator X protein (HBx) might affect each other remains to be clarified. In this study we show synergy and mutual dependence between SIRT1 and HBx in the activation of HBV transcription. All human sirtuins SIRT1 through SIRT7 activated HBV gene expression. The steady-state levels of SIRT1 protein were elevated in HBV-infected liver tissues and HBV-replicating hepatoma cells. SIRT1 interacted with HBx and potentiated HBx transcriptional activity on precore promoter and covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) likely through a deacetylase-independent mechanism, leading to more robust production of cccDNA, pregenomic RNA and surface antigen. SIRT1 and HBx proteins were more abundant when both were expressed. SIRT1 promoted the recruitment of HBx as well as cellular transcriptional factors and coactivators such as PGC-1α and FXRα to cccDNA. Depletion of SIRT1 suppressed HBx recruitment. On the other hand, SIRT1 recruitment to cccDNA was compromised when HBx was deficient. Whereas pharmaceutical agonists of SIRT1 such as resveratrol activated HBV transcription, small-molecule inhibitors of SIRT1 including sirtinol and Ex527 exhibited anti-HBV activity. Taken together, our findings revealed not only the interplay between SIRT1 and HBx in the activation of HBV transcription but also new strategies and compounds for developing antivirals against HBV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Jun Deng
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Biodegradable Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, 229 Taibai Road North, Xi'an 710069, China; State Key Laboratory for Liver Research, The University of Hong Kong, 5 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Ka-Yiu Edwin Kong
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong; State Key Laboratory for Liver Research, The University of Hong Kong, 5 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Wei-Wei Gao
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong; State Key Laboratory for Liver Research, The University of Hong Kong, 5 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Hei-Man Vincent Tang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong; State Key Laboratory for Liver Research, The University of Hong Kong, 5 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Vidyanath Chaudhary
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong; State Key Laboratory for Liver Research, The University of Hong Kong, 5 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Yun Cheng
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong; State Key Laboratory for Liver Research, The University of Hong Kong, 5 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Jie Zhou
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, 102 Pokfulam Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Chi-Ping Chan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong; State Key Laboratory for Liver Research, The University of Hong Kong, 5 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Danny Ka-Ho Wong
- State Key Laboratory for Liver Research, The University of Hong Kong, 5 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong; Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 102 Pokfulam Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Man-Fung Yuen
- State Key Laboratory for Liver Research, The University of Hong Kong, 5 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong; Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 102 Pokfulam Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Dong-Yan Jin
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong; State Key Laboratory for Liver Research, The University of Hong Kong, 5 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.
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Schiedel M, Robaa D, Rumpf T, Sippl W, Jung M. The Current State of NAD + -Dependent Histone Deacetylases (Sirtuins) as Novel Therapeutic Targets. Med Res Rev 2017; 38:147-200. [PMID: 28094444 DOI: 10.1002/med.21436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Revised: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Sirtuins are NAD+ -dependent protein deacylases that cleave off acetyl, as well as other acyl groups, from the ε-amino group of lysines in histones and other substrate proteins. Seven sirtuin isotypes (Sirt1-7) have been identified in mammalian cells. As sirtuins are involved in the regulation of various physiological processes such as cell survival, cell cycle progression, apoptosis, DNA repair, cell metabolism, and caloric restriction, a dysregulation of their enzymatic activity has been associated with the pathogenesis of neoplastic, metabolic, infectious, and neurodegenerative diseases. Thus, sirtuins are promising targets for pharmaceutical intervention. Growing interest in a modulation of sirtuin activity has prompted the discovery of several small molecules, able to inhibit or activate certain sirtuin isotypes. Herein, we give an update to our previous review on the topic in this journal (Schemies, 2010), focusing on recent developments in sirtuin biology, sirtuin modulators, and their potential as novel therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Schiedel
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Dina Robaa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Martin-Luther Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Tobias Rumpf
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Sippl
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Martin-Luther Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Manfred Jung
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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Sirtuin 5 is Anti-apoptotic and Anti-oxidative in Cultured SH-EP Neuroblastoma Cells. Neurotox Res 2016; 31:63-76. [PMID: 27577743 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-016-9664-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Revised: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
As a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)-dependent deacetylase, demalonylase, and desuccinylase, sirtuin 5 (SIRT5) in host cells has been reportedly observed in the mitochondria, in the cytosol/cytoplasm or in the nucleus. Various functional roles of SIRT5 have also been described in cellular metabolism, energy production, detoxification, oxidative stress, and apoptosis, but some of the reported results are seemingly inconsistent or even contradictory to one another. Using immunocytochemistry, molecular biology, gene transfection, and flow cytometry, we investigated the expression, subcellular distribution, and possible functional roles of SIRT5 in regulating apoptosis and oxidative stress of cultured SH-EP neuroblastoma cells. Both endogenous and transfected exogenous SIRT5 were observed in mitochondria of host SH-EP cells. Overexpression of SIRT5 markedly protected SH-EP cells from apoptosis induced by staurosporine or by incubation in Hank's balanced salt solution. SIRT5 also lowered the level of oxidative stress and countered the toxicity of hydrogen peroxide to SH-EP cells. It was suggested that the anti-apoptotic role of SIRT5 was mediated, at least in part, by its anti-oxidative effect in SH-EP neuroblastoma cells although the involved molecular mechanisms remain to be elucidated in details.
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26
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George J, Ahmad N. Mitochondrial Sirtuins in Cancer: Emerging Roles and Therapeutic Potential. Cancer Res 2016; 76:2500-6. [PMID: 27197261 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-15-2733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The past few decades have witnessed a furious attention of scientific community toward identifying novel molecular factors and targets that could be exploited for drug development for cancer management. One such factor is the sirtuin (SIRT) family of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD(+))-dependent deacetylases. The role of SIRTs in cancer is extremely complex, with dichotomous functions depending on cell contexts. Mammalian SIRTs (SIRT1-7) differ in their cellular localization and biologic functions. Among these, SIRT -3, -4, and -5 are located in the mitochondria and are being carefully investigated. These mitochondrial SIRTs (mtSIRT) regulate multiple cellular and physiologic processes, including cell cycle, gene expression, cell viability, stress response, metabolism, and energy homeostasis. Recent research suggests that mtSIRTs influence tumors by regulating the metabolic state of the cell. Although the research on the role of mtSIRTs in cancer is still in its infancy, studies have suggested tumor suppressor as well as tumor promoter roles for them. This review is focused on discussing up-to-date information about the roles and functional relevance of mtSIRTs (SIRT -3, -4, -5) in cancers. We have also provided a critical discussion and our perspective on their dual roles, as tumor promoter versus tumor suppressor, in cancer. Cancer Res; 76(9); 2500-6. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine George
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Nihal Ahmad
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin. William S. Middleton VA Medical Center, Madison, Wisconsin.
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Yu J, Haldar M, Mallik S, Srivastava DK. Role of the Substrate Specificity-Defining Residues of Human SIRT5 in Modulating the Structural Stability and Inhibitory Features of the Enzyme. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0152467. [PMID: 27023330 PMCID: PMC4811591 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0152467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Sirtuins are emerging as the key regulators of metabolism and aging, and their potential activators and inhibitors are being explored as therapeutics for improving health and treating associated diseases. Despite the global structural similarity among all seven isoforms of sirtuins (of which most of them catalyze the deacetylation reaction), SIRT5 is the only isoform that catalyzes the cleavage of negatively charged acylated substrates, and the latter feature appears to be encoded by the presence of Tyr102 and Arg105 residues at the active site pocket of the enzyme. To determine the contributions of the above residues in SIRT5 (vis a vis the corresponding residues of SIRT1) on substrate selectivity, inhibition by EX527 and nicotinamide, secondary structural features and thermal stability of the enzymes, we created single and double mutations (viz. Y102A, R105l, and Y102A/R105I) in SIRT5. The kinetic data revealed that while Y102A mutant enzyme catalyzed both deacetylation and desuccinylation reactions with comparable efficiencies, R105I and Y102A/R105I mutant enzymes favored the deacetylase reaction. Like SIRT1, the nicotinamide inhibition of SIRT5 double mutant (Y102A/R105I) exhibited the mixed non-competitive behavior. On the other hand, the desuccinylation reaction of both wild-type and Y102A mutant enzymes conformed to the competitive inhibition model. The inhibitory potency of EX527 progressively increased from Y102A, R105I, to Y102A/R105 mutant enzymes in SIRT5, but it did not reach to the level obtained with SIRT1. The CD spectroscopic data for the wild-type and mutant enzymes revealed changes in the secondary structural features of the enzymes, and such changes were more pronounced on examining their thermal denaturation patterns. A cumulative account of our experimental data reveal mutual cooperation between Y102 and R105 residues in promoting the desuccinylation versus deacetylation reaction in SIRT5, and the overall catalytic feature of the enzyme is manifested via the mutation induced modulation in the protein structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junru Yu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota, United States
| | - Manas Haldar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota, United States
| | - Sanku Mallik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota, United States
| | - D. K. Srivastava
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota, United States
- * E-mail:
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Potential Modulation of Sirtuins by Oxidative Stress. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2015; 2016:9831825. [PMID: 26788256 PMCID: PMC4691645 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9831825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 09/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Sirtuins are a conserved family of NAD-dependent protein deacylases. Initially proposed as histone deacetylases, it is now known that they act on a variety of proteins including transcription factors and metabolic enzymes, having a key role in the regulation of cellular homeostasis. Seven isoforms are identified in mammals (SIRT1–7), all of them sharing a conserved catalytic core and showing differential subcellular localization and activities. Oxidative stress can affect the activity of sirtuins at different levels: expression, posttranslational modifications, protein-protein interactions, and NAD levels. Mild oxidative stress induces the expression of sirtuins as a compensatory mechanism, while harsh or prolonged oxidant conditions result in dysfunctional modified sirtuins more prone to degradation by the proteasome. Oxidative posttranslational modifications have been identified in vitro and in vivo, in particular cysteine oxidation and tyrosine nitration. In addition, oxidative stress can alter the interaction with other proteins, like SIRT1 with its protein inhibitor DBC1 resulting in a net increase of deacetylase activity. In the same way, manipulation of cellular NAD levels by pharmacological inhibition of other NAD-consuming enzymes results in activation of SIRT1 and protection against obesity-related pathologies. Nevertheless, further research is needed to establish the molecular mechanisms of redox regulation of sirtuins to further design adequate pharmacological interventions.
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29
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Guan D, Kao HY. The function, regulation and therapeutic implications of the tumor suppressor protein, PML. Cell Biosci 2015; 5:60. [PMID: 26539288 PMCID: PMC4632682 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-015-0051-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor suppressor protein, promyelocytic leukemia protein (PML), was originally identified in acute promyelocytic leukemia due to a chromosomal translocation between chromosomes 15 and 17. PML is the core component of subnuclear structures called PML nuclear bodies (PML-NBs), which are disrupted in acute promyelocytic leukemia cells. PML plays important roles in cell cycle regulation, survival and apoptosis, and inactivation or down-regulation of PML is frequently found in cancer cells. More than 120 proteins have been experimentally identified to physically associate with PML, and most of them either transiently or constitutively co-localize with PML-NBs. These interactions are associated with many cellular processes, including cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, senescence, transcriptional regulation, DNA repair and intermediary metabolism. Importantly, PML inactivation in cancer cells can occur at the transcriptional-, translational- or post-translational- levels. However, only a few somatic mutations have been found in cancer cells. A better understanding of its regulation and its role in tumor suppression will provide potential therapeutic opportunities. In this review, we discuss the role of PML in multiple tumor suppression pathways and summarize the players and stimuli that control PML protein expression or subcellular distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyin Guan
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, and Comprehensive Cancer Center of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA
| | - Hung-Ying Kao
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, and Comprehensive Cancer Center of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA
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Complex role of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide in the regulation of programmed cell death pathways. Biochem Pharmacol 2015; 101:13-26. [PMID: 26343585 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2015.08.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Over the past few years, a growing body of experimental observations has led to the identification of novel and alternative programs of regulated cell death. Recently, autophagic cell death and controlled forms of necrosis have emerged as major alternatives to apoptosis, the best characterized form of regulated cell demise. These recently identified, caspase-independent, forms of cell death appear to play a role in the response to several forms of stress, and their importance in different pathological conditions such as ischemia, infection and inflammation has been recognized. The functional link between cell metabolism and survival has also been the matter of recent studies. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD(+)) has gained particular interest due to its role in cell energetics, and as a substrate for several families of enzymes, comprising poly ADP-ribose polymerases (PARPs) and sirtuins, involved in numerous biological functions including cell survival and death. The recently uncovered diversity of cell death programs has led us to reevaluate the role of this important metabolite as a universal pro-survival factor, and to discuss the potential benefits and limitations of pharmacological approaches targeting NAD(+) metabolism.
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31
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Poulose N, Raju R. Sirtuin regulation in aging and injury. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2015; 1852:2442-55. [PMID: 26303641 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2015.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Revised: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Sirtuins or Sir2 family of proteins are a class of NAD(+) dependent protein deacetylases which are evolutionarily conserved from bacteria to humans. Some sirtuins also exhibit mono-ADP ribosyl transferase, demalonylation and desuccinylation activities. Originally identified in the yeast, these proteins regulate key cellular processes like cell cycle, apoptosis, metabolic regulation and inflammation. Humans encode seven sirtuin isoforms SIRT1-SIRT7 with varying intracellular distribution. Apart from their classic role as histone deacetylases regulating transcription, a number of cytoplasmic and mitochondrial targets of sirtuins have also been identified. Sirtuins have been implicated in longevity and accumulating evidence indicate their role in a spectrum of diseases like cancer, diabetes, obesity and neurodegenerative diseases. A number of studies have reported profound changes in SIRT1 expression and activity linked to mitochondrial functional alterations following hypoxic-ischemic conditions and following reoxygenation injury. The SIRT1 mediated deacetylation of targets such as PGC-1α, FOXO3, p53 and NF-κb has profound effect on mitochondrial function, apoptosis and inflammation. These biological processes and functions are critical in life-span determination and outcome following injury. Aging is reported to be characterized by declining SIRT1 activity, and its increased expression or activation demonstrated prolonged life-span in lower forms of animals. A pseudohypoxic state due to declining NAD(+) has also been implicated in aging. In this review we provide an overview of studies on the role of sirtuins in aging and injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ninu Poulose
- Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912, United States
| | - Raghavan Raju
- Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912, United States.
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32
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Peng L, Yuan Z, Li Y, Ling H, Izumi V, Fang B, Fukasawa K, Koomen J, Chen J, Seto E. Ubiquitinated sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) function is modulated during DNA damage-induced cell death and survival. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:8904-12. [PMID: 25670865 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.612796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Downstream signaling of physiological and pathological cell responses depends on post-translational modification such as ubiquitination. The mechanisms regulating downstream DNA damage response (DDR) signaling are not completely elucidated. Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), the founding member of Class III histone deacetylases, regulates multiple steps in DDR and is closely associated with many physiological and pathological processes. However, the role of post-translational modification or ubiquitination of SIRT1 during DDR is unclear. We show that SIRT1 is dynamically and distinctly ubiquitinated in response to DNA damage. SIRT1 was ubiquitinated by the MDM2 E3 ligase in vitro and in vivo. SIRT1 ubiquitination under normal conditions had no effect on its enzymatic activity or rate of degradation; hypo-ubiquitination, however, reduced SIRT1 nuclear localization. Ubiquitination of SIRT1 affected its function in cell death and survival in response to DNA damage. Our results suggest that ubiquitination is required for SIRT1 function during DDR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lirong Peng
- From the Department of Molecular Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida 33612
| | - Zhigang Yuan
- From the Department of Molecular Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida 33612
| | - Yixuan Li
- From the Department of Molecular Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida 33612
| | - Hongbo Ling
- From the Department of Molecular Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida 33612
| | - Victoria Izumi
- From the Department of Molecular Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida 33612
| | - Bin Fang
- From the Department of Molecular Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida 33612
| | - Kenji Fukasawa
- From the Department of Molecular Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida 33612
| | - John Koomen
- From the Department of Molecular Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida 33612
| | - Jiandong Chen
- From the Department of Molecular Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida 33612
| | - Edward Seto
- From the Department of Molecular Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida 33612
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