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Zhan T, Chen Y, Dong L, Wei T, Lu D, Wang Q, Wu Z, Xu J, Ge M. Nicotinamide phosphoribose transferase facilitates macrophage-mediated pulmonary fibrosis through the Sirt1-Smad7 pathway in mice. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 967:176355. [PMID: 38280463 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis is a challenging lung disease characterized by a bleak prognosis. A pivotal element in the progression of this disease is the dysregulated recruitment of macrophages. Nicotinamide phosphoribose transferase (NAMPT), secreted by alveolar epithelial cells and inflammatory cells, has been previously identified to influence macrophage inflammation in acute lung injury through the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) rescue synthesis pathway. Nonetheless, the exact role of NAMPT in the regulation of lung fibrosis is yet to be elucidated. In our research, we employed bleomycin (BLM) to induce pulmonary fibrosis in Namptflox/flox;Cx3cr1CreER mice, using Namptflox/flox mice as controls. Our findings revealed an augmented expression of NAMPT concurrent with a marked increase in the secretion of NAD and inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6, TNF-α, and TGF-β1 post-BLM treatment. Furthermore, an upsurge in NAMPT-positive macrophages was observed in the lungs of BLM-treated Namptflox/flox mice. Notably, a conditional knockout of NAMPT (NAMPT cKO) in lung macrophages curtailed the BLM-induced inflammatory responses and significantly mitigated pulmonary fibrosis. This was associated with diminished phospho-Sirt1 (p-Sirt1) expression levels and a concomitant rise in mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 7 (Smad7) expression in BLM-treated mouse lungs and murine RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. Collectively, our data suggests that NAMPT exacerbates macrophage-driven inflammation and pulmonary fibrosis via the Sirt1-Smad7 pathway, positioning NAMPT as a promising therapeutic target for pulmonary fibrosis intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianwei Zhan
- Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Center, Cancer Center, Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), 158 Shang-Tang Road, 310014, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaling Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 866 Yu-Hang-Tang Road, 310058, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingjun Dong
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shaoxing People's Hospital, 568-Zhongxing North Road, 312000, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Taofeng Wei
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 866 Yu-Hang-Tang Road, 310058, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongning Lu
- Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Center, Cancer Center, Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), 158 Shang-Tang Road, 310014, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jie-Fang Road, 310009, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Zixiang Wu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jie-Fang Road, 310009, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiajie Xu
- Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Center, Cancer Center, Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), 158 Shang-Tang Road, 310014, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
| | - Minghua Ge
- Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Center, Cancer Center, Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), 158 Shang-Tang Road, 310014, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
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Chen F, Wang Q, Xiao M, Lou D, Wufur R, Hu S, Zhang Z, Wang Y, Zhang Y. A novel crosstalk between Nrf2 and Smad2/3 bridged by two nuanced Keap1 isoforms with their divergent effects on these distinct family transcription factors. Free Radic Biol Med 2024; 213:190-207. [PMID: 38242246 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2024.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
The Keap1-Nrf2 signalling to transcriptionally regulate antioxidant response element (ARE)-driven target genes has been accepted as key redox-sensitive pathway governing a vast variety of cellular stresses during healthy survival and disease development. Herein, we identified two nuanced isoforms α and β of Keap1 in HepG2 cells, arising from its first and another in-frame translation starting codons, respectively. In identifying those differential expression genes monitored by Keap1α and/or Keap1β, an unusual interaction of Keap1 with Smad2/3 was discovered by parsing transcriptome sequencing, Keap1-interacting protein profiling and relevant immunoprecipitation data. Further examination validated that Smad2/3 enable physical interaction with Keap1, as well as its isoforms α and β, by both EDGETSD and DLG motifs in the linker regions between their MH1 and MH2 domains, such that the stability of Smad2/3 and transcriptional activity are enhanced with their prolonged half-lives and relevant signalling responses from the cytoplasmic to nuclear compartments. The activation of Smad2/3 by Keap1, Keap1α or Keap1β was much likely contributable to a coordinative or another competitive effect of Nrf2, particularly in distinct Keap1-based cellular responses to its cognate growth factor (i.e. TGF-β1) or redox stress (e.g. stimulated by tBHQ and DTT). Overall, this discovery presents a novel functional bridge crossing the Keap1-Nrf2 redox signalling and the TGF-β1-Smad2/3 pathways so as to coordinately regulate the healthy growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feilong Chen
- College of Bioengineering and Graduate School, Chongqing University, No. 174 Shazheng Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 40044, China; Chongqing University Jiangjin Hospital, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, No. 725 Jiangzhou Avenue, Dingshan Street, Jiangjin District, Chongqing, 402262, China; The Laboratory of Cell Biochemistry and Topogenetic Regulation, College of Bioengineering and Faculty of Medical Sciences, Chongqing University, No. 174 Shazheng Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 40044, China
| | - Qing Wang
- College of Bioengineering and Graduate School, Chongqing University, No. 174 Shazheng Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 40044, China; Chongqing University Jiangjin Hospital, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, No. 725 Jiangzhou Avenue, Dingshan Street, Jiangjin District, Chongqing, 402262, China; The Laboratory of Cell Biochemistry and Topogenetic Regulation, College of Bioengineering and Faculty of Medical Sciences, Chongqing University, No. 174 Shazheng Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 40044, China
| | - Mei Xiao
- College of Bioengineering and Graduate School, Chongqing University, No. 174 Shazheng Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 40044, China; The Laboratory of Cell Biochemistry and Topogenetic Regulation, College of Bioengineering and Faculty of Medical Sciences, Chongqing University, No. 174 Shazheng Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 40044, China
| | - Deshuai Lou
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing, 400067, China
| | - Reziyamu Wufur
- College of Bioengineering and Graduate School, Chongqing University, No. 174 Shazheng Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 40044, China; Chongqing University Jiangjin Hospital, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, No. 725 Jiangzhou Avenue, Dingshan Street, Jiangjin District, Chongqing, 402262, China; The Laboratory of Cell Biochemistry and Topogenetic Regulation, College of Bioengineering and Faculty of Medical Sciences, Chongqing University, No. 174 Shazheng Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 40044, China
| | - Shaofan Hu
- College of Bioengineering and Graduate School, Chongqing University, No. 174 Shazheng Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 40044, China; The Laboratory of Cell Biochemistry and Topogenetic Regulation, College of Bioengineering and Faculty of Medical Sciences, Chongqing University, No. 174 Shazheng Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 40044, China
| | - Zhengwen Zhang
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London, WC1N 1AX, England, United Kingdom
| | - Yeqi Wang
- College of Bioengineering and Graduate School, Chongqing University, No. 174 Shazheng Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 40044, China
| | - Yiguo Zhang
- Chongqing University Jiangjin Hospital, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, No. 725 Jiangzhou Avenue, Dingshan Street, Jiangjin District, Chongqing, 402262, China; The Laboratory of Cell Biochemistry and Topogenetic Regulation, College of Bioengineering and Faculty of Medical Sciences, Chongqing University, No. 174 Shazheng Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 40044, China.
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Wang S, Liu S, Zhu Y, Zhang B, Yang Y, Li L, Sun Y, Zhang L, Fan L, Hu X, Huang C. A novel and independent survival prognostic model for OSCC: the functions and prognostic values of RNA-binding proteins. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2024; 281:397-409. [PMID: 37656222 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-023-08200-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), exhibiting high morbidity and malignancy, is the most common type of oral cancer. The abnormal expression of RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) plays important roles in the occurrence and progression of cancer. The objective of the present study was to establish a prognostic assessment model of RBPs and to evaluate the prognosis of OSCC patients. METHODS Gene expression data in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) were analyzed by univariate Cox regression analysis model that established a novel nine RBPs, which were used to build a prognostic risk model. A multivariate Cox proportional regression model and the survival analysis were used to evaluate the prognostic risk model. Moreover, the receive operator curve (ROC) analysis was tested further the efficiency of prognostic risk model based on data from TCGA database and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). RESULTS Nine RBPs' signatures (ACO1, G3BP1, NMD3, RNGTT, ZNF385A, SARS, CARS2, YARS and SMAD6) with prognostic value were identified in OSCC patients. Subsequently, the patients were further categorized into high-risk group and low-risk in the overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS), and external validation dataset. ROC analysis was significant for both the TCGA and GEO. Moreover, GSEA revealed that patients in the high-risk group significantly enriched in many critical pathways correlated with tumorigenesis than the low, including cell cycle, adheres junctions, oocyte meiosis, spliceosome, ERBB signaling pathway and ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, we developed and validated a novel robust nine RBPs for OSCC prognosis prediction. The nine RBPs could serve as an independent and reliable prognostic biomarker and guiding clinical therapy for OSCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Wang
- Shenzhen Stomatology Hospital, Shenzhen, 518001, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuang Liu
- Shenzhen Luohu People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518001, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaomin Zhu
- Shenzhen Stomatology Hospital, Shenzhen, 518001, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Baorong Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenzhen Hospital, Songbai Road 4253, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongtao Yang
- Shenzhen Stomatology Hospital, Shenzhen, 518001, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Limei Li
- Shenzhen Stomatology Hospital, Shenzhen, 518001, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingying Sun
- Shenzhen Stomatology Hospital, Shenzhen, 518001, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Long Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenzhen Hospital, Songbai Road 4253, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Lina Fan
- Department of Stomatology, The 900th Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force, PLA, Fuzong Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350025, Fujian, China
| | - Xuegang Hu
- Department of Stomatology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenzhen Hospital, Songbai Road 4253, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chunyu Huang
- Department of Stomatology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenzhen Hospital, Songbai Road 4253, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
- Medical Affairs Department, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences-Shenzhen Hospital, Songbai Road 4253, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, China.
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Ma P, Huang J, Chen B, Huang M, Xiong L, Chen J, Huang S, Liu Y. Lanosterol Synthase Prevents EMT During Lens Epithelial Fibrosis Via Regulating SREBP1. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2023; 64:12. [PMID: 38079167 PMCID: PMC10715316 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.64.15.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of lens epithelial cells (LECs) is a predominant pathological process underlying fibrotic cataracts. Here we investigated the role and mechanism of lanosterol synthase (LSS), a key rate-limiting enzyme in sterol biosynthesis, in EMT of LECs. Methods Human lens epithelial explants, primary rabbit LECs, and whole rat lenses were treated with TGFβ2. RNA-sequencing was conducted to explore genetic changes during fibrosis of human lens epithelial explants. Loss- and gain-of-function studies were performed in primary LECs to investigate roles and mechanisms of LSS, lanosterol and sterol regulatory element binding transcription protein 1 (SREBP1) in EMT. Rat lenses were applied to evaluate the potential effect of lanosterol on lens fibrosis. Expression of LSS, SREBP1, EMT-related regulators, and markers were analyzed by Western blot, qRT-PCR, or immunofluorescent staining. Results LSS and steroid biosynthesis were downregulated in TGFβ2-induced lens fibrosis. LSS inhibition directly triggered EMT by inducing Smad2/3 phosphorylation and nucleus translocation, an overexpression of LSS protected LECs from EMT by inhibiting Smad2/3 activation. Moreover, LSS inhibition decreased the expression of SREBP1, which regulated EMT via intervening TGFβ2/Smad2/3 transduction. Furthermore, lanosterol protected LECs from EMT caused by both TGFβ2 treatment and LSS inhibition via suppressing Smad2/3 activation and maintained lens transparency by preventing fibrotic plaques formation. Conclusions We first identified that LSS protected LECs from EMT and played an antifibrotic role to maintain lens transparency. Additionally, lanosterol and sterol biosynthesis regulation might be promising strategies for preventing and treating fibrotic cataracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengjuan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingqi Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Baoxin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mi Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lang Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jieping Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yizhi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Xu X, Guo Y, Luo X, Shen Z, Sun Z, Shen B, Zhou C, Wang J, Lu J, Zhang Q, Ye Y, Luo Y, Qu Y, Cai X, Dong H, Lu L. Hydronidone ameliorates liver fibrosis by inhibiting activation of hepatic stellate cells via Smad7-mediated degradation of TGFβRI. Liver Int 2023; 43:2523-2537. [PMID: 37641479 DOI: 10.1111/liv.15715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Liver fibrosis is a wound-healing reaction that eventually leads to cirrhosis. Hydronidone is a new pyridine derivative with the potential to treat liver fibrosis. In this study, we explored the antifibrotic effects of hydronidone and its potential mode of action. METHODS The anti-hepatic fibrosis effects of hydronidone were studied in carbon tetrachloride (CCl4 )- and 3,5-diethoxycarbonyl-1,4-dihydrocollidine (DDC)- induced animal liver fibrosis. The antifibrotic mechanisms of hydronidone were investigated in hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). The antifibrotic effect of hydronidone was further tested after Smad7 knockdown in HSCs in mouse models of fibrosis. RESULTS In animal models, hydronidone attenuated liver damage and collagen accumulation, and reduced the expression of fibrosis-related genes. Hydronidone decreased the expression of fibrotic genes in HSCs. Impressively, hydronidone significantly upregulated Smad7 expression and promoted the degradation of transforming growth factor β receptor I (TGFβRI) in HSCs and thus inhibited the TGFβ-Smad signalling pathway. Specific knockdown of Smad7 in HSCs in vivo blocked the antifibrotic effect of hydronidone. CONCLUSION Hydronidone ameliorates liver fibrosis by inhibiting HSCs activation via Smad7-mediated TGFβRI degradation. Hydronidone is a potential drug candidate for the treatment of liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianjun Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuecheng Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Luo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenyang Shen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhongshang Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology, Huaian First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Huaian, China
| | - Bo Shen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Cui Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Junjun Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingyi Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingqing Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanping Ye
- Continent Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Ying Luo
- Continent Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Ying Qu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaobo Cai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Dong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lungen Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Tuersuntuoheti A, Li Q, Teng Y, Li X, Huang R, Lu Y, Li K, Liang J, Miao S, Wu W, Song W. YWK-II/APLP2 inhibits TGF-β signaling by interfering with the TGFBR2-Hsp90 interaction. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2023; 1870:119548. [PMID: 37479189 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2023.119548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) regulates multiple cellular biological processes by activating TGF-β type I receptors (TGFBR1) and type II receptors (TGFBR2), and Hsp90 stabilizes these receptors through specific interactions. In many malignancies, one of the most deregulated signaling pathways is the TGF-β signaling pathway, which is often inactivated by mutations or deregulation of TGF-β type II receptors (TGFBR2). However, the molecular mechanisms are not well understood. In this study, we show that YWK-II/APLP2, an immediately early response gene for TGF-β signaling, inhibits TGF-β signaling by promoting the degradation of the TGFBR2 protein. Knockdown of YWK-II/APLP2 increases the TGFBR2 protein level and sensitizes cells to TGF-β stimulation, while YWK-II/APLP2 overexpression destabilizes TGFBR2 and desensitizes cells to TGF-β. Mechanistically, YWK-II/APLP2 is associated with TGFBR2 in a TGF-β activity-dependent manner, binds to Hsp90 to interfere with the interaction between TGFBR2 and Hsp90, and leads to enhanced ubiquitination and degradation of TGFBR2. Taken together, YWK-II/APLP2 is involved in negatively regulating the duration and intensity of TGF-β/Smad signaling and suggests that aberrantly high expression of YWK-II/APLP2 in malignancies may antagonize the growth inhibition mediated by TGF-β signaling and play a role in carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amannisa Tuersuntuoheti
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Qinshan Li
- Guizhou Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou, China; Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medical Laboratory Science, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou, China
| | - Yu Teng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Xiaolu Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Rong Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Yan Lu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Kai Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Junbo Liang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Shiying Miao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China.
| | - Wei Song
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China.
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7
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Hashimoto K, Miyagawa Y, Watanabe S, Takasaki K, Nishizawa M, Yatsuki K, Takahashi Y, Kamata H, Kihira C, Hiraike H, Sasamori Y, Kido K, Ryo E, Nagasaka K. The TGF-β/UCHL5/Smad2 Axis Contributes to the Pathogenesis of Placenta Accreta. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13706. [PMID: 37762005 PMCID: PMC10530686 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241813706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Placenta accreta is a high-risk condition causing obstetric crisis and hemorrhage; however, its pathogenesis remains unknown. We aimed to identify the factors contributing to trophoblast invasiveness and angiogenic potential, which in turn drive the pathogenesis of placenta accreta. We focused on the transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1-Smad pathway and investigated the intrinsic relationship between the time- and dose-dependent inhibition of the ubiquitinating enzyme UCHL5 using bAP15, a deubiquitinase inhibitor, after TGF-β1 stimulation and the invasive and angiogenic potential of two cell lines, gestational choriocarcinoma cell line JEG-3 and trophoblast cell line HTR-8/SVneo. UCHL5 inhibition negatively regulated TGF-β1-induced Smad2 activation, decreasing extravillous trophoblast invasiveness. Smad1/5/9 and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) were simultaneously activated, and vascular endothelial growth factor was secreted into the trophoblast medium. However, extravillous trophoblast culture supernatant severely impaired the vasculogenic potential of human umbilical vein endothelial cells. These results suggest that the downstream ERK pathway and Smad1/5/9 potentially regulate the TGF-β1-Smad pathway in extravillous trophoblasts, whereas Smad2 contributes to their invasiveness. The abnormal invasive and angiogenic capacities of extravillous cells, likely driven by the interaction between TGF-β1-Smad and ERK pathways, underlie the pathogenesis of placenta accreta.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Kazunori Nagasaka
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan
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Yoon I, Song JA, Suh JH, Kim S, Son J, Kim JH, Jang SY, Hwang KY, Kim MH, Kim S. EPRS1 Controls the TGF- β Signaling Pathway via Interaction with TβRI in Hepatic Stellate Cell. Mol Cell Biol 2023; 43:223-240. [PMID: 37154023 PMCID: PMC10184599 DOI: 10.1080/10985549.2023.2205344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Glutamyl-prolyl-tRNA synthetase 1 (EPRS1) is known to associated with fibrosis through its catalytic activity to produce prolyl-tRNA. Although its catalytic inhibitor halofuginone (HF) has been known to inhibit the TGF-β pathway as well as to reduce prolyl-tRNA production for the control of fibrosis, the underlying mechanism how EPRS1 regulates the TGF-β pathway was not fully understood. Here, we show a noncatalytic function of EPRS1 in controlling the TGF-β pathway and hepatic stellate cell activation via its interaction with TGF-β receptor I (TβRI). Upon stimulation with TGF-β, EPRS1 is phosphorylated by TGF-β-activated kinase 1 (TAK1), leading to its dissociation from the multi-tRNA synthetase complex and subsequent binding with TβRI. This interaction increases the association of TβRI with SMAD2/3 while decreases that of TβRI with SMAD7. Accordingly, EPRS1 stabilizes TβRI by preventing the ubiquitin-mediated degradation of TβRI. HF disrupts the interaction between EPRS1 and TβRI, and reduces TβRI protein levels, leading to inhibition of the TGF-β pathway. In conclusion, this work suggests the novel function of EPRS1 involved in the development of fibrosis by regulating the TGF-β pathway and the antifibrotic effects of HF by controlling both of EPRS1 functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ina Yoon
- Institute for Artificial Intelligence and Biomedical Research, Medicinal Bioconvergence Research Center, Yonsei University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
- Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Ae Song
- Institute for Artificial Intelligence and Biomedical Research, Medicinal Bioconvergence Research Center, Yonsei University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hun Suh
- Institute for Artificial Intelligence and Biomedical Research, Medicinal Bioconvergence Research Center, Yonsei University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
- Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sulhee Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jonghyeon Son
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Hyun Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Song Yee Jang
- Microbiome Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Korea Research Republic of Korea
- Core Research Facility & Analysis Center, KRIBB, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang Yeon Hwang
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung Hee Kim
- Microbiome Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Korea Research Republic of Korea
| | - Sunghoon Kim
- Institute for Artificial Intelligence and Biomedical Research, Medicinal Bioconvergence Research Center, Yonsei University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
- Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
- College of Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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9
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Liu S, van Dinther M, Hagenaars SC, Gu Y, Kuipers TB, Mei H, Gomez-Puerto MC, Mesker WE, Ten Dijke P. Differential optineurin expression controls TGFβ signaling and is a key determinant for metastasis of triple negative breast cancer. Int J Cancer 2023; 152:2594-2606. [PMID: 36823950 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.34483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most challenging breast cancer subtype to treat due to its aggressive characteristics and low response to the existing clinical therapies. Distant metastasis is the main cause of death of TNBC patients. Better understanding of the mechanisms underlying TNBC metastasis may lead to new strategies of early diagnosis and more efficient treatment. In our study, we uncovered that the autophagy receptor optineurin (OPTN) plays an unexpected role in TNBC metastasis. Data mining of publicly available data bases revealed that the mRNA level of OPTN in TNBC patients positively correlates with relapse free and distance metastasis free survival. Importantly, in vitro and in vivo models demonstrated that OPTN suppresses TNBC metastasis. Mechanistically, OPTN inhibited the pro-oncogenic transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) signaling in TNBC cells by interacting with TGFβ type I receptor (TβRI) and promoting its ubiquitination for degradation. Consistent with our experimental findings, the clinical TNBC samples displayed a negative correlation between OPTN mRNA expression and TGFβ gene response signature and expression of proto-typic TGFβ target genes. Altogether, our study demonstrates that OPTN is a negative regulator for TGFβ receptor/SMAD signaling and suppresses metastasis in TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijia Liu
- Oncode Institute and Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.,The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Maarten van Dinther
- Oncode Institute and Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Sophie C Hagenaars
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Yuanzhuo Gu
- Oncode Institute and Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas B Kuipers
- Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Hailiang Mei
- Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Maria Catalina Gomez-Puerto
- Oncode Institute and Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Wilma E Mesker
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Ten Dijke
- Oncode Institute and Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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10
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Opposing USP19 splice variants in TGF-β signaling and TGF-β-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition of breast cancer cells. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:43. [PMID: 36646950 PMCID: PMC9842591 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04672-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Ubiquitin-specific protease (USP)19 is a deubiquitinating enzyme that regulates the stability and function of multiple proteins, thereby controlling various biological responses. The alternative splicing of USP19 results in the expression of two major encoded variants that are localized to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) (USP19-ER) and cytoplasm (USP19-CY). The importance of alternative splicing for the function of USP19 remains unclear. Here, we demonstrated that USP19-CY promotes TGF-β signaling by directly interacting with TGF-β type I receptor (TβRI) and protecting it from degradation at the plasma membrane. In contrast, USP19-ER binds to and sequesters TβRI in the ER. By decreasing cell surface TβRI levels, USP19-ER inhibits TGF-β/SMAD signaling in a deubiquitination-independent manner. Moreover, USP19-ER inhibits TGF-β-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), whereas USP19-CY enhances EMT, as well as the migration and extravasation of breast cancer cells. Furthermore, USP19-CY expression is correlated with poor prognosis and is higher in breast cancer tissues than in adjacent normal tissues. Notably, the splicing modulator herboxidiene inhibits USP19-CY, increases USP19-ER expression and suppresses breast cancer cell migration. Targeting USP19 splicing or its deubiquitinating activity may have potential therapeutic effects on breast cancer.
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11
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Ning B, Huang J, Xu H, Lou Y, Wang W, Mu F, Yan X, Li H, Wang N. Genomic organization, intragenic tandem duplication, and expression analysis of chicken TGFBR2 gene. Poult Sci 2022; 101:102169. [PMID: 36201879 PMCID: PMC9535321 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.102169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor beta receptor Ⅱ (TGFBR2), a core member of the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling pathway. To date, chicken TGFBR2 (cTGFBR2) genomic structure has not been fully explored. Here, the complete sequences of cTGFBR2 transcript isoforms were determined by 5′ and 3′ rapid amplification of cDNA ends (5′ & 3′ RACE) and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR); the tissue expression profiling of cTGFBR2 transcript isoforms was performed using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The results showed that cTGFBR2 gene produced 3 transcript isoforms though alternative transcription initiation, splicing, and polyadenylation, which were designated as cTGFBR2-1, cTGFBR2-2, and cTGFBR2-3, respectively. These 3 cTGFBR2 transcript isoforms encoded 3 protein isoforms: cTGFBR2-1, cTGFBR2-2, and cTGFBR2-3. Duplication analysis revealed that, unlike other animal species, cTGFBR2 gene harbored a 5.5-kb intragenic tandem duplication. Tissue expression profiling in the 4-wk-old Arbor Acres (AA) broiler chickens showed that cTGFBR2-1 was ubiquitously expressed, with high expression in abdominal fat, subcutaneous fat, lung, gizzard, and muscle; cTGFBR2-2 was highly expressed in heart, kidney, gizzard, and muscle; cTGFBR2-3 was weakly expressed in all the tested chicken tissues. Tissue expression profiling in the 7-wk-old broiler chickens of the fat and lean lines of Northeast Agricultural University broiler lines divergently selected for abdominal fat content (NEAUHLF) showed that cTGFBR2-1 was significantly differentially expressed in all the tested tissues except heart, cTGFBR2-2 was significantly differentially expressed in all the tested tissues except subcutaneous fat and liver, and cTGFBR2-3 was significantly differentially expressed in all the tested tissues between the lean and fat lines. Intriguingly, in the fat line, the 3 cTGFBR2 transcript isoforms were expressed to varying degrees in all the 3 tested fat tissues, while in the lean line, only cTGFBR2-1 was expressed in all the 3 tested fat tissues. This is the first report of intragenic tandem duplication within TGFBR2 gene. Our findings pave the way for further studies on the functions and regulation of cTGFBR2 gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bolin Ning
- Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Harbin 150030, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Department of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin 150030, China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Jiaxin Huang
- Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Harbin 150030, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Department of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin 150030, China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Haidong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Harbin 150030, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Department of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin 150030, China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Yuqi Lou
- Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Harbin 150030, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Department of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin 150030, China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Weishi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Harbin 150030, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Department of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin 150030, China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Fang Mu
- Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Harbin 150030, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Department of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin 150030, China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Xiaohong Yan
- Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Harbin 150030, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Department of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin 150030, China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Hui Li
- Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Harbin 150030, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Department of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin 150030, China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Ning Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Harbin 150030, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Department of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin 150030, China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
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12
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Trelford CB, Di Guglielmo GM. Autophagy regulates transforming growth factor β signaling and receptor trafficking. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2022; 1869:119284. [PMID: 35605790 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2022.119284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) stimulates tumorigenesis by inducing epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) and cell migration. TGFβ signaling is regulated by the endocytosis of cell surface receptors and their subcellular trafficking into the endo-lysosomal system. Here we investigated how autophagy, a cellular quality control network that delivers material to lysosomes, regulates TGFβ signaling pathways that induce EMT and cell migration. We impaired autophagy in non-small cell lung cancer cells using chloroquine, spautin-1, ULK-101, or small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting autophagy-related gene (ATG)5 and ATG7 and observed that inhibiting autophagy results in a decrease in TGFβ1-dependent EMT transcription factor and cell marker expression, as well as attenuated stress fiber formation and cell migration. This correlated with decreased internalization of cell surface TGFβ receptors and their trafficking to early/late endosomal and lysosomal compartments. The effects of autophagy inhibition on TGFβ signaling were investigated by Smad2/Smad3 phosphorylation and cellular localization using western blotting, subcellular fractionation, and immunofluorescence microscopy. We observed that inhibiting autophagy decreased the amount and timeframe of Smad2/Smad3 signaling. Taken together, our results suggest that inhibiting autophagy attenuates pro-tumorigenic TGFβ signaling by regulating receptor trafficking, resulting in impaired Smad2/Smad3 phosphorylation and nuclear accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles B Trelford
- Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Gianni M Di Guglielmo
- Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada.
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13
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Luo H, Li M, Wang F, Yang Y, Wang Q, Zhao Y, Du F, Chen Y, Shen J, Zhao Q, Zeng J, Wang S, Chen M, Li X, Li W, Sun Y, Gu L, Wen Q, Xiao Z, Wu X. The role of intestinal stem cell within gut homeostasis: Focusing on its interplay with gut microbiota and the regulating pathways. Int J Biol Sci 2022; 18:5185-5206. [PMID: 35982910 PMCID: PMC9379405 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.72600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal stem cells (ISCs) play an important role in maintaining intestinal homeostasis via promoting a healthy gut barrier. Within the stem cell niche, gut microbiota linking the crosstalk of dietary influence and host response has been identified as a key regulator of ISCs. Emerging insights from recent research reveal that ISC and gut microbiota interplay regulates epithelial self-renewal. This article reviews the recent knowledge on the key role of ISC in their local environment (stem cell niche) associating with gut microbiota and their metabolites as well as the signaling pathways. The current progress of intestinal organoid culture is further summarized. Subsequently, the key challenges and future directions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoming Luo
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China.,Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Mingxing Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China.,Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China.,Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Yifei Yang
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China.,Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Qin Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China.,Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Yueshui Zhao
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China.,Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China.,South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Fukuan Du
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China.,Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China.,South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China.,Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China.,South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Jing Shen
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China.,Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China.,South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Qianyun Zhao
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China.,Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Jiuping Zeng
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China.,Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Shengpeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Meijuan Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaobing Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Wanping Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuhong Sun
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Li Gu
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Qinglian Wen
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhangang Xiao
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China.,Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Xu Wu
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China.,State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao, China
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14
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Spatiotemporal modulation of SMAD4 by HBx is required for cellular proliferation in hepatitis B-related liver cancer. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2022; 45:573-589. [PMID: 35716259 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-022-00683-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Hepatitis B virus (HBV) plays a crucial role in the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). It is known that HBV-encoded X protein (HBx) can induce genetic alterations in some oncogenes and that SMAD4 is relevant for the development of some cancers, especially HBV-related HCC. Previously, it has been reported that HBx can promote SMAD4 protein expression in liver fibrosis and HCC but, as yet, its regulatory mechanism has not been fully elucidated. Here, we aimed to investigate the correlation between and regulatory mechanism behind HBx and SMAD4 in HCC. METHODS mRNA and protein expression of SMAD4 in HCC tissues was detected by qRT-PCR, Western blotting and IHC. CCK-8 and colony forming assays, as well as xenograft murine models were used to evaluate the effects of HBx and SMAD4 on the proliferation and tumorigenicity of HCC cells. Luciferase reporter, immunofluorescence, Co-IP and truncation assays were performed to assess the regulatory relationship between HBx and SMAD4. RESULTS We found that SMAD4 was highly expressed in HBV-positive HCC patient samples and correlated with a poor prognosis. The proliferation of HCC cells with a high SMAD4 expression was found to be enhanced in vitro and in vivo, and knocking down HBx while replenishing SMAD4 rescued HCC cell proliferation. Mechanically, we found that HBx regulates SMAD4 expression at the transcriptional level via TFII-I and can bind to SMAD4 to repress its ubiquitination. The binding region comprised the MH2 domain of SMAD4. Furthermore, we found that SMAD4 can promote HBx expression through a positive feedback mechanism. CONCLUSIONS From our data we conclude that SMAD4 is modulated spatiotemporally via both transcriptional activation and protein stabilization by HBx in HCC cells. Our data shed light on the molecular mechanism underlying HBx-induced hepatocarcinogenesis.
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15
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García IC, Villalba JS, Iovino D, Franchi C, Iori V, Pettinato G, Inversini D, Amico F, Ietto G. Liver Trauma: Until When We Have to Delay Surgery? A Review. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12050694. [PMID: 35629360 PMCID: PMC9143295 DOI: 10.3390/life12050694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver involvement after abdominal blunt trauma must be expected, and in up to 30% of cases, spleen, kidney, and pancreas injuries may coexist. Whenever hemodynamics conditions do not contraindicate the overcoming of the ancient dogma according to which exploratory laparotomy should be performed after every major abdominal trauma, a CT scan has to clarify the liver lesions so as to determine the optimal management strategy. Except for complete vascular avulsion, no liver trauma grade precludes nonoperative management. Every attempt to treat the injured liver by avoiding a strong surgical approach may be considered. Each time, a nonoperative management (NOM) consisting of a basic “wait and see” attitude combined with systemic support and blood replacement are inadequate. Embolization should be considered to stop the bleeding. Percutaneous drainage of collections, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) with papilla sphincterotomy or stent placement and percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTBD) may avoid, or at least delay, surgical reconstruction or resection until systemic and hepatic inflammatory remodeling are resolved. The pathophysiological principle sustaining these leanings is based on the opportunity to limit the further release of cell debris fragments acting as damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) and the following stress response associated with the consequent immune suppression after trauma. The main goal will be a faster recovery combined with limited cell death of the liver through the ischemic events that may directly follow the trauma, exacerbated by hemostatic procedures and surgery, in order to reduce the gross distortion of a regenerated liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inés Cañas García
- General and Digestive Surgery, Hospital Clínico San Cecilio of Granada, 18002 Granada, Spain;
| | - Julio Santoyo Villalba
- General and Digestive Surgery, Hospital Virgen de Las Nieves of Granada, 18002 Granada, Spain;
| | - Domenico Iovino
- General, Emergency and Transplant Surgery Department, ASST-Settelaghi and University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy; (D.I.); (C.F.); (V.I.); (D.I.)
| | - Caterina Franchi
- General, Emergency and Transplant Surgery Department, ASST-Settelaghi and University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy; (D.I.); (C.F.); (V.I.); (D.I.)
| | - Valentina Iori
- General, Emergency and Transplant Surgery Department, ASST-Settelaghi and University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy; (D.I.); (C.F.); (V.I.); (D.I.)
| | - Giuseppe Pettinato
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
| | - Davide Inversini
- General, Emergency and Transplant Surgery Department, ASST-Settelaghi and University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy; (D.I.); (C.F.); (V.I.); (D.I.)
| | - Francesco Amico
- Trauma Service, Department of Surgery, University of Newcastle, Newcastle 2308, Australia;
| | - Giuseppe Ietto
- General, Emergency and Transplant Surgery Department, ASST-Settelaghi and University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy; (D.I.); (C.F.); (V.I.); (D.I.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-339-8758024
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16
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Tejera-Muñoz A, Marquez-Exposito L, Tejedor-Santamaría L, Rayego-Mateos S, Orejudo M, Suarez-Álvarez B, López-Larrea C, Ruíz-Ortega M, Rodrigues-Díez RR. CCN2 Increases TGF-β Receptor Type II Expression in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells: Essential Role of CCN2 in the TGF-β Pathway Regulation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:375. [PMID: 35008801 PMCID: PMC8745763 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The cellular communication network factor 2 (CCN2/CTGF) has been traditionally described as a mediator of the fibrotic responses induced by other factors including the transforming growth factor β (TGF-β). However, several studies have defined a direct role of CCN2 acting as a growth factor inducing oxidative and proinflammatory responses. The presence of CCN2 and TGF-β together in the cellular context has been described as a requisite to induce a persistent fibrotic response, but the precise mechanisms implicated in this relation are not described yet. Considering the main role of TGF-β receptors (TβR) in the TGF-β pathway activation, our aim was to investigate the effects of CCN2 in the regulation of TβRI and TβRII levels in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). While no differences were observed in TβRI levels, an increase in TβRII expression at both gene and protein level were found 48 h after stimulation with the C-terminal fragment of CCN2 (CCN2(IV)). Cell pretreatment with a TβRI inhibitor did not modify TβRII increment induced by CCN2(VI), demonstrating a TGF-β-independent response. Secondly, CCN2(IV) rapidly activated the SMAD pathway in VSMCs, this being crucial in the upregulation of TβRII since the preincubation with an SMAD3 inhibitor prevented it. Similarly, pretreatment with the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitor erlotinib abolished TβRII upregulation, indicating the participation of this receptor in the observed responses. Our findings suggest a direct role of CCN2 maintaining the TGF-β pathway activation by increasing TβRII expression in an EGFR-SMAD dependent manner activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Tejera-Muñoz
- Molecular and Cellular Biology in Renal and Vascular Pathology, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-Universidad Autónoma Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.T.-M.); (L.M.-E.); (L.T.-S.); (S.R.-M.); (M.O.)
- Red de Investigación Renal (REDINREN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (B.S.-Á.); (C.L.-L.)
| | - Laura Marquez-Exposito
- Molecular and Cellular Biology in Renal and Vascular Pathology, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-Universidad Autónoma Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.T.-M.); (L.M.-E.); (L.T.-S.); (S.R.-M.); (M.O.)
- Red de Investigación Renal (REDINREN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (B.S.-Á.); (C.L.-L.)
| | - Lucía Tejedor-Santamaría
- Molecular and Cellular Biology in Renal and Vascular Pathology, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-Universidad Autónoma Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.T.-M.); (L.M.-E.); (L.T.-S.); (S.R.-M.); (M.O.)
- Red de Investigación Renal (REDINREN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (B.S.-Á.); (C.L.-L.)
| | - Sandra Rayego-Mateos
- Molecular and Cellular Biology in Renal and Vascular Pathology, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-Universidad Autónoma Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.T.-M.); (L.M.-E.); (L.T.-S.); (S.R.-M.); (M.O.)
- Red de Investigación Renal (REDINREN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (B.S.-Á.); (C.L.-L.)
| | - Macarena Orejudo
- Molecular and Cellular Biology in Renal and Vascular Pathology, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-Universidad Autónoma Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.T.-M.); (L.M.-E.); (L.T.-S.); (S.R.-M.); (M.O.)
| | - Beatriz Suarez-Álvarez
- Red de Investigación Renal (REDINREN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (B.S.-Á.); (C.L.-L.)
- Translational Immunology Laboratory, Health Research Institute of Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Carlos López-Larrea
- Red de Investigación Renal (REDINREN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (B.S.-Á.); (C.L.-L.)
- Translational Immunology Laboratory, Health Research Institute of Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
- Department of Immunology, Hospital Universitario Central De Asturias, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Marta Ruíz-Ortega
- Molecular and Cellular Biology in Renal and Vascular Pathology, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-Universidad Autónoma Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.T.-M.); (L.M.-E.); (L.T.-S.); (S.R.-M.); (M.O.)
- Red de Investigación Renal (REDINREN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (B.S.-Á.); (C.L.-L.)
| | - Raúl R. Rodrigues-Díez
- Red de Investigación Renal (REDINREN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (B.S.-Á.); (C.L.-L.)
- Translational Immunology Laboratory, Health Research Institute of Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
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Zhang P, Jing C, Liang M, Jiang S, Huang L, Jiao N, Li Y, Yang W. Zearalenone Exposure Triggered Cecal Physical Barrier Injury through the TGF-β1/Smads Signaling Pathway in Weaned Piglets. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:toxins13120902. [PMID: 34941739 PMCID: PMC8708673 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13120902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the effects of exposure to different dosages of zearalenone (ZEA) on cecal physical barrier functions and its mechanisms based on the TGF-β1/Smads signaling pathway in weaned piglets. Thirty-two weaned piglets were allotted to four groups and fed a basal diet supplemented with ZEA at 0, 0.15, 1.5, and 3.0 mg/kg, respectively. The results showed that 1.5 and 3.0 mg/kg ZEA damaged cecum morphology and microvilli, and changed distribution and shape of M cells. Moreover, 1.5 and 3.0 mg/kg ZEA decreased numbers of goblet cells, the expressions of TFF3 and tight junction proteins, and inhibited the TGF-β1/Smads signaling pathway. Interestingly, the 0.15 mg/kg ZEA had no significant effect on cecal physical barrier functions but decreased the expressions of Smad3, p-Smad3 and Smad7. Our study suggests that high-dose ZEA exposure impairs cecal physical barrier functions through inhibiting the TGF-β1/Smads signaling pathway, but low-dose ZEA had no significant effect on cecum morphology and integrity through inhibiting the expression of smad7. These findings provide a scientific basis for helping people explore how to reduce the toxicity of ZEA in feeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Zhang
- Department of Animal Sciences and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China; (P.Z.); (S.J.); (L.H.); (N.J.)
| | - Changwei Jing
- Technical Department, Shandong Chinwhiz Co., Ltd., Weifang 262400, China;
| | - Ming Liang
- Department of Feeding Microecology, Shandong Baolaililai Bioengineering Co., Ltd., Tai’an 271001, China;
| | - Shuzhen Jiang
- Department of Animal Sciences and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China; (P.Z.); (S.J.); (L.H.); (N.J.)
| | - Libo Huang
- Department of Animal Sciences and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China; (P.Z.); (S.J.); (L.H.); (N.J.)
| | - Ning Jiao
- Department of Animal Sciences and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China; (P.Z.); (S.J.); (L.H.); (N.J.)
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Animal Sciences and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China; (P.Z.); (S.J.); (L.H.); (N.J.)
- Correspondence: (Y.L.); (W.Y.)
| | - Weiren Yang
- Department of Animal Sciences and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China; (P.Z.); (S.J.); (L.H.); (N.J.)
- Correspondence: (Y.L.); (W.Y.)
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18
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Lönn P, Al-Amin RA, Doulabi EM, Heldin J, Gallini R, Björkesten J, Oelrich J, Kamali-Moghaddam M, Landegren U. Image-based high-throughput mapping of TGF-β-induced phosphocomplexes at a single-cell level. Commun Biol 2021; 4:1284. [PMID: 34773084 PMCID: PMC8590043 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02798-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein interactions and posttranslational modifications orchestrate cellular responses to e.g. cytokines and drugs, but it has been difficult to monitor these dynamic events in high-throughput. Here, we describe a semi-automated system for large-scale in situ proximity ligation assays (isPLA), combining isPLA in microtiter wells with automated microscopy and computer-based image analysis. Phosphorylations and interactions are digitally recorded along with subcellular morphological features. We investigated TGF-β-responsive Smad2 linker phosphorylations and complex formations over time and across millions of individual cells, and we relate these events to cell cycle progression and local cell crowding via measurements of DNA content and nuclear size of individual cells, and of their relative positions. We illustrate the suitability of this protocol to screen for drug effects using phosphatase inhibitors. Our approach expands the scope for image-based single cell analyses by combining observations of protein interactions and modifications with morphological details of individual cells at high throughput. To improve our ability to monitor cellular responses to e.g. cytokines or drugs, Lönn et al have developed a semi-automated system for large-scale in situ proximity ligation assays (isPLA) in HaCAT keratinocyte cells. Their approach expands the scope for image-based single cell analyses by combining observations of protein interactions and modifications with morphological details of individual cells at high throughput.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Lönn
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Rasel A Al-Amin
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ehsan Manouchehri Doulabi
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Johan Heldin
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Radiosa Gallini
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Johan Björkesten
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Johan Oelrich
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Masood Kamali-Moghaddam
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ulf Landegren
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
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19
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Rodriguez-Rodriguez AE, Porrini E, Torres A. Beta-Cell Dysfunction Induced by Tacrolimus: A Way to Explain Type 2 Diabetes? Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910311. [PMID: 34638652 PMCID: PMC8509035 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The combination of insulin resistance and β-cells dysfunction leads to the onset of type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This process can last for decades, as β-cells are able to compensate the demand for insulin and maintain normoglycemia. Understanding the adaptive capacity of β-cells during this process and the causes of its failure is essential to the limit onset of diabetes. Post-transplant diabetes mellitus (PTDM) is a common and serious disease that affects 30% of renal transplant recipients. With the exception of immunosuppressive therapy, the risk factors for T2D are the same as for PTDM: obesity, dyslipidaemia, insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome. Tacrolimus (TAC) is the immunosuppressant of choice after renal transplantation but it has the highest rates of PTDM. Our group has shown that insulin resistance and glucolipotoxicity, without favouring the appearance of apoptosis, modify key nuclear factors for the maintenance of identity and functionality of β-cells. In this context, TAC accelerates or enhances these changes. Our hypothesis is that the pathways that are affected in the progression from pre-diabetes to diabetes in the general population are the same pathways that are affected by TAC. So, TAC can be considered a tool to study the pathogenesis of T2DM. Here, we review the common pathways of β-cells dysfunction on T2DM and TAC-induced diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Elena Rodriguez-Rodriguez
- Research Unit, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, 38320 La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain;
- Fundación General de la Universidad, Universidad de La Laguna, 38204 La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Esteban Porrini
- Unidad Ensayos Clinicos-UCICEC, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, 38320 La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain;
- Instituto Tecnologías Biomédicas (ITB), Universidad de La Laguna, 38200 La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-922-678-116
| | - Armando Torres
- Unidad Ensayos Clinicos-UCICEC, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, 38320 La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain;
- Nephrology Department, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, 38320 La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
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Chen H, Cai J, Wang J, Qiu Y, Jiang C, Wang Y, Wang Y, Yi C, Guo Lv, Pan L, Guan Y, Zheng J, Qiu D, Du C, Liu Q, Chen G, Yang Y, Xu Y, Xiang AP, Zhang Q. Targeting Nestin + hepatic stellate cells ameliorates liver fibrosis by facilitating TβRI degradation. J Hepatol 2021; 74:1176-1187. [PMID: 33217494 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2020.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Liver fibrosis is a wound healing response that arises from various aetiologies. The intermediate filament protein Nestin has been reported to participate in maintaining tissue homeostasis during wound healing responses. However, little is known about the role Nestin plays in liver fibrosis. This study investigated the function and precise regulatory network of Nestin during liver fibrosis. METHODS Nestin expression was assessed via immunostaining and quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) in fibrotic/cirrhotic samples. The induction of Nestin expression by transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ)-Smad2/3 signalling was investigated through luciferase reporter assays. The functional role of Nestin in hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) was investigated by examining the pathway activity of profibrogenic TGFβ-Smad2/3 signalling and degradation of TGFβ receptor I (TβRI) after interfering with Nestin. The in vivo effects of knocking down Nestin were examined with an adeno-associated virus vector (serotype 6, AAV6) carrying short-hairpin RNA targeting Nestin in fibrotic mouse models. RESULTS Nestin was mainly expressed in activated HSCs and increased with the progression of liver fibrosis. The profibrogenic pathway TGFβ-Smad2/3 induced Nestin expression directly. Knocking down Nestin promoted caveolin 1-mediated TβRI degradation, resulting in TGFβ-Smad2/3 pathway impairment and reduced fibrosis marker expression in HSCs. In AAV6-treated murine fibrotic models, knocking down Nestin resulted in decreased levels of inflammatory infiltration, hepatocellular damage, and a reduced degree of fibrosis. CONCLUSION The expression of Nestin in HSCs was induced by TGFβ and positively correlated with the degree of liver fibrosis. Knockdown of Nestin decreased activation of the TGFβ pathway and alleviated liver fibrosis both in vitro and in vivo. Our data demonstrate a novel role of Nestin in controlling HSC activation in liver fibrosis. LAY SUMMARY Liver fibrosis has various aetiologies but represents a common process in chronic liver diseases that is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Herein, we demonstrate that the intermediate filament protein Nestin plays an essential profibrogenic role in liver fibrosis by forming a positive feedback loop with the TGFβ-Smad2/3 pathway, providing a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaxin Chen
- Biotherapy Centre, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Cell-gene Therapy Translational Medicine Research Centre, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianye Cai
- Centre for Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Hepatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation Centre, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiancheng Wang
- Centre for Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Scientific Research Centre, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yuan Qiu
- Centre for Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chenhao Jiang
- Centre for Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Centre for Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yiqin Wang
- Centre for Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chenju Yi
- Scientific Research Centre, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Guo Lv
- Department of Hepatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation Centre, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lijie Pan
- Biotherapy Centre, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Cell-gene Therapy Translational Medicine Research Centre, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuanjun Guan
- Core Facility Centre, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Zheng
- Department of Hepatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation Centre, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dongbo Qiu
- Biotherapy Centre, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Cell-gene Therapy Translational Medicine Research Centre, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cong Du
- Biotherapy Centre, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Cell-gene Therapy Translational Medicine Research Centre, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiuli Liu
- Biotherapy Centre, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guihua Chen
- Department of Hepatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation Centre, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Hepatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation Centre, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Yan Xu
- Biotherapy Centre, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Andy Peng Xiang
- Centre for Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Qi Zhang
- Biotherapy Centre, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Cell-gene Therapy Translational Medicine Research Centre, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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21
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Wang L, Chang M, Tian Y, Yan J, Xu W, Yuan S, Zhang K, Liu X. The Role of Smad2 in Transforming Growth Factor β 1-Induced Hypertrophy of Ligamentum Flavum. World Neurosurg 2021; 151:e128-e136. [PMID: 33831616 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2021.03.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypertrophy of the ligamentum flavum (LF) contributes to the development of spinal stenosis. Smad proteins can mediate the fibrogenesis activity through the transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) pathway, but which Smad protein plays a more important role in the hypertrophy process of LF is unclear. METHODS The LF samples were obtained from 50 patients. After the LF cells (LFCs) were cultured, small interfering ribonucleic acid (siRNA) that target human phosphorylated-Smad2, 3, or 4 (p-Smad2,3,4) genes was transfected into LFCs. Next, proteins from cells were extracted and the protein levels of Smad2, Smad3, and Smad4 were detected by Western blot. The messenger ribonucleic acid level of TGF-β1 was measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Furthermore, an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was performed to test the impact of Smad2 downstream of the TGF-β1 signaling pathway. RESULTS Degeneration of the LF was characterized by an increase in disorganized elastic fibers and fibrotic transformation by extracellular collagen deposition. The gene expression analysis of fibrotic genes in LFCs showed that knockdown of phosphorylated-Smad2 by siRNA significantly reduced the protein expression level of TGF-β1 compared with other groups. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay suggested that the protein expression level of Smad2 can influence the downstream events of TGF-β1 signaling pathway in the LFCs. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that Smad2 plays a potential role in the pathologic development of hypertrophy of LF. We also found that Smad2 knockdown by Smad-siRNA can influence the TGF-β1 signaling pathway through decreasing expression of TGF-β1, tumor necrosis factor α, and nuclear factor κb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianlei Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Mingzheng Chang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, P. R. China; Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Yonghao Tian
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Jun Yan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Wanlong Xu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Suomao Yuan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Department of Orthopaedics, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Xinyu Liu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, P. R. China; Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, P. R. China.
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22
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Enhanced Intestinal TGF-β/SMAD-Dependent Signaling in Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Infected Rhesus Macaques. Cells 2021; 10:cells10040806. [PMID: 33916615 PMCID: PMC8066988 DOI: 10.3390/cells10040806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β signaling (TGF-β) maintains a balanced physiological function including cell growth, differentiation, and proliferation and regulation of immune system by modulating either SMAD2/3 and SMAD7 (SMAD-dependent) or SMAD-independent signaling pathways under normal conditions. Increased production of TGF-β promotes immunosuppression in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)/Simian Immunodeficiency Virus (SIV) infection. However, the cellular source and downstream events of increased TGF-β production that attributes to its pathological manifestations remain unknown. Here, we have shown increased production of TGF-β in a majority of intestinal CD3−CD20−CD68+ cells from acute and chronically SIV infected rhesus macaques, which negatively correlated with the frequency of jejunum CD4+ T cells. No significant changes in intestinal TGF-β receptor II expression were observed but increased production of the pSMAD2/3 protein and SMAD3 gene expression in jejunum tissues that were accompanied by a downregulation of SMAD7 protein and gene expression. Enhanced TGF-β production by intestinal CD3−CD20−CD68+ cells and increased TGF-β/SMAD-dependent signaling might be due to a disruption of a negative feedback loop mediated by SMAD7. This suggests that SIV infection impacts the SMAD-dependent signaling pathway of TGF-β and provides a potential framework for further study to understand the role of viral factor(s) in modulating TGF-β production and downregulating SMAD7 expression in SIV. Regulation of mucosal TGF-β expression by therapeutic TGF-β blockers may help to create effective antiviral mucosal immune responses.
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Wu D, Zhao B, Song Y, Chi X, Fu H, Guan T, Zhang L, Yang X, Hu K, Huang R, Jin X, Miao QR, Shao S. Nogo-B receptor is required for stabilizing TGF-β type I receptor and promotes the TGF-β1-induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition of non-small cell lung cancer. J Cancer 2021; 12:717-725. [PMID: 33403029 PMCID: PMC7778533 DOI: 10.7150/jca.50483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Objective: Metastasis is the leading cause of death in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a crucial event in the metastasis of NSCLC. Our previous works demonstrated that NgBR promoted EMT in NSCLC. However, the molecular mechanism was unclear. Methods: TGF-β1 was used to induce EMT process of NSCLC cells. The biological functions of NgBR in promoting TGF-β1-induced NSCLC metastasis were studied by gain- and loss-of-function assays both in vitro and in vivo. The underlying mechanisms were studied using molecular biology assays. Results: We found that knockdown of NgBR inhibited TGF-β1-induced cell migration and invasion in NSCLC cells. In contrast, NgBR overexpression promoted TGF-β1-induced EMT of A549 cells. Mechanically, we found that knockdown of NgBR facilitated ubiquitination and degradation of TβRI, leading to downregulation of TβRI expression in NSCLC cells. Moreover, we confirmed a positive correlation between NgBR and TβRI in NSCLC tissues. Conclusions: Our findings provide a novel role of NgBR in modulating TGF-β1-induced EMT and propose NgBR as a new therapeutic target for treating NSCLC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghua Wu
- Key Laboratory of Proteomics of Liaoning Province, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Baofeng Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, National Chromatographic R&A Center, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese. Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Yang Song
- Key Laboratory of Proteomics of Liaoning Province, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Xinming Chi
- Key Laboratory of Proteomics of Liaoning Province, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Hailu Fu
- Key Laboratory of Proteomics of Liaoning Province, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Tiantong Guan
- Key Laboratory of Proteomics of Liaoning Province, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Liyuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Proteomics of Liaoning Province, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Xueguang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Proteomics of Liaoning Province, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Ke Hu
- Key Laboratory of Proteomics of Liaoning Province, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Rong Huang
- Key Laboratory of Proteomics of Liaoning Province, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Xiaomeng Jin
- Key Laboratory of Proteomics of Liaoning Province, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Qing Robert Miao
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Children's Research Institute, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA.,Divisions of Pediatric Pathology, Department of Pathology, Children's Research Institute, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA.,Foundations of Medicine, New York University Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, NY 11501, USA
| | - Shujuan Shao
- Key Laboratory of Proteomics of Liaoning Province, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
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Liu J, Wang X, Song M, Du J, Yu J, Zheng W, Zhang C, Wang Y. MiR-497-5p Regulates Osteo/Odontogenic Differentiation of Stem Cells From Apical Papilla via the Smad Signaling Pathway by Targeting Smurf2. Front Genet 2020; 11:582366. [PMID: 33193708 PMCID: PMC7662069 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.582366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteo/odontogenic differentiation is a key process of human stem cells from apical papilla (SCAP) in tooth root development. Emerging evidence indicates microRNAs (miRNAs) play diverse roles in osteogenesis. However, their functions in osteo/odontogenic differentiation of SCAP require further elucidation. To investigate the role of miRNA in SCAP osteo/odontogenic differentiation and underlying mechanisms, miRNA microarray analysis was performed to screen differentially expressed miRNAs between control and osteo/odontogenic-induced group. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and western blot were used to detected osteo/odontogenic differentiation-related markers and possible signaling pathway SCAP-associated genes. Alizarin Red Staining (ARS) were applied to evaluated osteogenic capacity. The results showed that miR-497-5p increased during SCAP osteo/odontogenic differentiation. Overexpression of miR-497-5p enhanced the osteo/odontogenic differentiation of SCAP, whereas downregulation of miR-497-5p elicited the opposite effect, thus suggesting that miR-497-5p is a positive regulator of the osteo/odontogenic differentiation of SCAP. Bioinformatic analysis and dual luciferase reporter assay identified that SMAD specific E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 2 (Smurf2) is a direct target of miR-497-5p. Further study demonstrated that Smurf2 negatively regulates SCAP osteo/odontogenic differentiation, and silencing Smurf2 could block the inhibitory effect of the miR-497-5p inhibitor. Meanwhile, pathway detection manifested that miR-497-5p promotes osteo/odontogenic differentiation via Smad signaling pathway. Collectively, our findings demostrate that miR-497-5p promotes osteo/odontogenic differentiation of SCAP via Smad signaling pathway by targeting Smurf2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junqing Liu
- Department of Vip center, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China.,Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Xiaolong Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Mengxiao Song
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Department of Oral Pathology, School of Stomatology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jing Du
- Department of Vip center, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China
| | - Jiali Yu
- Department of Vip center, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China
| | - Wenzhou Zheng
- Department of Vip center, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China
| | - Chengfei Zhang
- Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Vip center, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China
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25
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Hsu WH, Qiu WL, Tsao SM, Tseng AJ, Lu MK, Hua WJ, Cheng HC, Hsu HY, Lin TY. Effects of WSG, a polysaccharide from Ganoderma lucidum, on suppressing cell growth and mobility of lung cancer. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 165:1604-1613. [PMID: 33011264 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.09.227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
WSG is a water soluble polysaccharides isolated from Ganoderma lucidum. In this study, we showed that WSG, a glucose-rich polysaccharide with an average molecular mass of approximately 1000 kDa, effectively inhibited cell viability and mobility of lung cancer cells. Functional studies revealed that WSG reduced phosphorylation of ERK1/2 in cells upon either EGF or TGFβ stimulation. WSG also inhibited phosphorylation of multiple intracellular signaling molecules such as FAK, AKT and Smad2. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that WSG induced degradation of TGFβ and EGF receptors via proteasome and lysosome, respectively. Moreover, we found that WSG significantly suppressed lung tumor growth, reduced the size of metastatic nodules in the lungs and prolonged the survival of LLC1-bearing mice. Our findings suggested that WSG may have potential as a therapeutic intervention for treatment of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Hung Hsu
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; LO-Sheng Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei, Taiwan; School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Lun Qiu
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Ming Tsao
- Department of Biotechnology and Laboratory Science in Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ai-Jung Tseng
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Kuang Lu
- National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Pharmacognosy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Jyun Hua
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Program in Molecular Medicine, National Yang-Ming University
| | - Hsin-Chung Cheng
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Hsien-Yeh Hsu
- Department of Biotechnology and Laboratory Science in Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Tung-Yi Lin
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Program in Molecular Medicine, National Yang-Ming University.
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26
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García EM, Galicia-Carreón J, Novak N. In vitro Conversion into CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ Induced Regulatory T Cells Is Reduced in Atopic Dermatitis Patients. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2020; 181:353-356. [PMID: 32160611 DOI: 10.1159/000506285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atopic dermatitis (AD) is one of the most common inflammatory skin diseases, with an increasing incidence in clinical practice. AD models have demonstrated that TGF-β signaling is compromised in regulatory T cells (Tregs). OBJECTIVES This study aimed to investigate the TGF-β-dependent in vitro conversion of CD4+CD25- T cells derived from AD-patients into CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ induced Tregs (iTregs) in comparison to healthy controls. METHODS To analyze in vitro iTreg conversion, human CD4+CD25- T cells were cultured on anti-CD3-coated plates in the presence of TGF-β and IL-2 for up to 3 days. Consequently, the underlying mechanism of impaired CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ iTreg generation was explored by focusing on TGF-β signaling. Finally, the functionality of iTregs was investigated. RESULTS Conversion of CD4+CD25-Foxp3- into CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ iTregs was diminished in AD individuals. Impaired iTreg generation was accompanied by a reduced surface expression of GARP (glycoprotein A repetitions predominant), a marker for activated Tregs. A reduced expression of Smad3 mRNA was revealed in CD4+CD25- T cells. Interestingly, the suppressive quality of iTregs was found to be equal in cells derived from AD and healthy donors. CONCLUSION The signaling effect of TGF-β receptors on the suppressor quality of iTreg conversion is conserved. Impaired iTreg generation might be a reason for the lack of immune suppression in AD patients and contributes to the chronicity of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva-Maria García
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Natalija Novak
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany,
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27
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Singh K, Gupta A, Sarkar A, Gupta I, Rana S, Sarkar S, Khan S. Arginyltransferase knockdown attenuates cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis through TAK1-JNK1/2 pathway. Sci Rep 2020; 10:598. [PMID: 31953451 PMCID: PMC6969214 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-57379-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Myocardial hypertrophy, an inflammatory condition of cardiac muscles is a maladaptive response of the heart to biomechanical stress, hemodynamic or neurohormonal stimuli. Previous studies indicated that knockout of Arginyltransferase (ATE1) gene in mice and embryos leads to contractile dysfunction, defective cardiovascular development, and impaired angiogenesis. Here we found that in adult rat model, downregulation of ATE1 mitigates cardiac hypertrophic, cardiac fibrosis as well as apoptosis responses in the presence of cardiac stress i.e. renal artery ligation. On contrary, in wild type cells responding to renal artery ligation, there is an increase of cellular ATE1 protein level. Further, we have shown the cardioprotective role of ATE1 silencing is mediated by the interruption of TAK1 activity-dependent JNK1/2 signaling pathway. We propose that ATE1 knockdown in presence of cardiac stress performs a cardioprotective action and the inhibition of its activity may provide a novel approach for the treatment of cardiac hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanika Singh
- Drug Discovery Research Centre, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Ankit Gupta
- Drug Discovery Research Centre, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Ashish Sarkar
- Drug Discovery Research Centre, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Ishita Gupta
- Drug Discovery Research Centre, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, Haryana, India.,Structural Immunology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Santanu Rana
- Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
| | | | - Sameena Khan
- Drug Discovery Research Centre, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, Haryana, India.
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28
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Gagno S, Poletto E, Bartoletti M, Quartuccio L, Romualdi C, Garziera M, Scalone S, Sorio R, Dreussi E, Zanusso C, De Mattia E, Roncato R, Cecchin E, Giorda G, De Vita S, Dal Bo M, Puglisi F, Toffoli G. A TGF-β associated genetic score to define prognosis and platinum sensitivity in advanced epithelial ovarian cancer. Gynecol Oncol 2020; 156:233-242. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2019.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Non-canonical (non-SMAD2/3) TGF-β signaling in fibrosis: Mechanisms and targets. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2019; 101:115-122. [PMID: 31883994 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2019.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β uses several intracellular signaling pathways besides canonical ALK5-Smad2/3 signaling to regulate a diverse array of cellular functions. Several of these so-called non-canonical (non-Smad2/3) pathways have been implicated in the pathogenesis of fibrosis and may therefore represent targets for therapeutic intervention. This review summarizes our current knowledge on the mechanisms of non-canonical TGF-β signaling in fibrosis, the potential molecular targets and the use of agonists/antagonists for therapeutic intervention.
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30
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Wang S, Yi X, Wu M, Zhao H, Liu S, Pan Y, Li Q, Tang X, Zhu Y, Sun X. Detection of key gene InDels in TGF-β pathway and its relationship with growth traits in four sheep breeds. Anim Biotechnol 2019; 32:194-204. [PMID: 31625451 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2019.1675682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
TGF-β signaling pathway plays an important role in regulating cell proliferation and differentiation, embryonic development, bone formation, etc. LTBP1, THBS1, SMAD4 and other genes are important members of TGF-β signaling pathway. LTBP1 binds to TGF-β, while THBS1 binds to LTBP1, which is an important signal transduction molecule in the TGF-β pathway. In order to explore the effects of the insertion/deletion variation of three genes (LTBP1, THBS1, SMAD4) in the TGF-β signaling pathway on the growth traits such as body length and body weight of sheep, a total of 625 healthy individuals from 4 breeds of the Tong sheep, Hu sheep, small-tail Han sheep and Lanzhou fat-tail sheep were identified and analyzed. In this study, we identified 4 InDel loci: one loci of LTBP1, two loci of THBS1, and one loci of SMAD4, respectively named as: InDel-1 (deletion 13 bp), InDel-2 (deletion 16 bp), InDel-3 (deletion 22 bp), InDel-4 (deletion 7 bp). Among the 4 analyzed breeds, association analysis showed that all new InDel polymorphisms were significantly associated with 10 different growth traits (p < 0.05), which may provide a theoretical basis for sheep breeding to accelerate the progression of marker-assisted selection in sheep breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhui Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Xiaohua Yi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Mingli Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Haidong Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Shirong Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Yun Pan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Qi Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoqin Tang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Yanjiao Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Xiuzhu Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P. R. China.,College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P. R. China
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31
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Tiwari A, Swamynathan S, Alexander N, Gnalian J, Tian S, Kinchington PR, Swamynathan SK. KLF4 Regulates Corneal Epithelial Cell Cycle Progression by Suppressing Canonical TGF-β Signaling and Upregulating CDK Inhibitors P16 and P27. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2019; 60:731-740. [PMID: 30786277 PMCID: PMC6383833 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.18-26423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF4) promotes corneal epithelial (CE) cell fate while suppressing mesenchymal properties. TGF-β plays a crucial role in cell differentiation and development, and if dysregulated, it induces epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). As KLF4 and TGF-β regulate each other in a context-dependent manner, we evaluated the role of the crosstalk between KLF4 and TGF-β-signaling in CE homeostasis. Methods We used spatiotemporally regulated ablation of Klf4 within the adult mouse CE in ternary transgenic Klf4Δ/ΔCE (Klf4LoxP/LoxP/ Krt12rtTA/rtTA/ Tet-O-Cre) mice and short hairpin RNA (shRNA)-mediated knockdown or lentiviral vector-mediated overexpression of KLF4 in human corneal limbal epithelial (HCLE) cells to evaluate the crosstalk between KLF4 and TGF-β-signaling components. Expression of TGF-β signaling components and cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitors was quantified by quantitative PCR, immunoblots, and/or immunofluorescent staining. Results CE-specific ablation of Klf4 resulted in (1) upregulation of TGF-β1, -β2, -βR1, and -βR2; (2) downregulation of inhibitory Smad7; (3) hyperphosphorylation of Smad2/3; (4) elevated nuclear localization of phospho-Smad2/3 and Smad4; and (5) downregulation of CDK inhibitors p16 and p27. Consistently, shRNA-mediated knockdown of KLF4 in HCLE cells resulted in upregulation of TGF-β1 and -β2, hyperphosphorylation and nuclear localization of SMAD2/3, downregulation of SMAD7, and elevated SMAD4 nuclear localization. Furthermore, overexpression of KLF4 in HCLE cells resulted in downregulation of TGF-β1, -βR1, and -βR2 and upregulation of SMAD7, p16, and p27. Conclusions Collectively, these results demonstrate that KLF4 regulates CE cell cycle progression by suppressing canonical TGF-β signaling and overcomes the undesirable concomitant decrease in TGF-β–dependent CDK inhibitors p16 and p27 expression by directly upregulating them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil Tiwari
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Sudha Swamynathan
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Nicholas Alexander
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - John Gnalian
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States.,School of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Shenghe Tian
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Paul R Kinchington
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States.,Department of Molecular Microbiology and Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States.,Fox Center for Vision Restoration, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States.,McGowan Institute of Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Shivalingappa K Swamynathan
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States.,Fox Center for Vision Restoration, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States.,McGowan Institute of Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States.,Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
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32
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Narayanan A, Srinaath N, Rohini M, Selvamurugan N. Regulation of Runx2 by MicroRNAs in osteoblast differentiation. Life Sci 2019; 232:116676. [PMID: 31340165 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.116676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Bone is one of the most dynamic organs in the body that continuously undergoes remodeling through bone formation and resorption. A cascade of molecules and pathways results in the osteoblast differentiation that is attributed to osteogenesis, or bone formation. The process of osteogenesis is achieved through participation of the Wnt pathway, FGFs, BMPs/TGF-β, and transcription factors such as Runx2 and Osx. The activity and function of the master transcription factor, Runx2, is of utmost significance as it can induce the function of osteoblast differentiation markers. A number of microRNAs [miRNAs] have been recently identified in the regulation of Runx2 expression/activity, thus affecting the process of osteogenesis. miRNAs that target Runx2 corepressors favor osteogenesis, while miRNAs that target Runx2 coactivators inhibit osteogenesis. In this review, we focus on the regulation of Runx2 by miRNAs in osteoblast differentiation and their potential for treating bone and bone-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akshaya Narayanan
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603 203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - N Srinaath
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603 203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - M Rohini
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603 203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - N Selvamurugan
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603 203, Tamil Nadu, India.
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33
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Lin TY, Tseng AJ, Qiu WL, Chao CH, Lu MK. A sulfated glucan from Antrodia cinnamomea reduces Slug expression through regulation of TGFβ/AKT/GSK3β axis in lung cancer. Carbohydr Polym 2019; 210:175-184. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.01.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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34
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Quantitative relationships between SMAD dynamics and target gene activation kinetics in single live cells. Sci Rep 2019; 9:5372. [PMID: 30926874 PMCID: PMC6440972 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-41870-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The transduction of extracellular signals through signaling pathways that culminate in a transcriptional response is central to many biological processes. However, quantitative relationships between activities of signaling pathway components and transcriptional output of target genes remain poorly explored. Here we developed a dual bioluminescence imaging strategy allowing simultaneous monitoring of nuclear translocation of the SMAD4 and SMAD2 transcriptional activators upon TGF-β stimulation, and the transcriptional response of the endogenous connective tissue growth factor (ctgf) gene. Using cell lines allowing to vary exogenous SMAD4/2 expression levels, we performed quantitative measurements of the temporal profiles of SMAD4/2 translocation and ctgf transcription kinetics in hundreds of individual cells at high temporal resolution. We found that while nuclear translocation efficiency had little impact on initial ctgf transcriptional activation, high total cellular SMAD4 but not SMAD2 levels increased the probability of cells to exhibit a sustained ctgf transcriptional response. The approach we present here allows time-resolved single cell quantification of transcription factor dynamics and transcriptional responses and thereby sheds light on the quantitative relationship between SMADs and target gene responses.
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35
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Derynck R, Budi EH. Specificity, versatility, and control of TGF-β family signaling. Sci Signal 2019; 12:12/570/eaav5183. [PMID: 30808818 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aav5183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 459] [Impact Index Per Article: 91.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Encoded in mammalian cells by 33 genes, the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) family of secreted, homodimeric and heterodimeric proteins controls the differentiation of most, if not all, cell lineages and many aspects of cell and tissue physiology in multicellular eukaryotes. Deregulation of TGF-β family signaling leads to developmental anomalies and disease, whereas enhanced TGF-β signaling contributes to cancer and fibrosis. Here, we review the fundamentals of the signaling mechanisms that are initiated upon TGF-β ligand binding to its cell surface receptors and the dependence of the signaling responses on input from and cooperation with other signaling pathways. We discuss how cells exquisitely control the functional presentation and activation of heteromeric receptor complexes of transmembrane, dual-specificity kinases and, thus, define their context-dependent responsiveness to ligands. We also introduce the mechanisms through which proteins called Smads act as intracellular effectors of ligand-induced gene expression responses and show that the specificity and impressive versatility of Smad signaling depend on cross-talk from other pathways. Last, we discuss how non-Smad signaling mechanisms, initiated by distinct ligand-activated receptor complexes, complement Smad signaling and thus contribute to cellular responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rik Derynck
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology and Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
| | - Erine H Budi
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology and Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
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36
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Wang K, Li H, Sun R, Liu C, Luo Y, Fu S, Ying Y. Emerging roles of transforming growth factor β signaling in wet age-related macular degeneration. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2019; 51:1-8. [PMID: 30496406 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmy145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is one of the major causes of irreversible blindness among aging populations in developed countries and can be classified as dry or wet according to its progression. Wet AMD, which is characterized by angiogenesis on the choroidal membrane, is uncommonly seen but more severe. Controlling or completely inhibiting the factors that contribute to the progression of events that lead to angiogenesis may be an effective strategy for treating wet AMD. Emerging evidence has shown that transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling plays a significant role in the progression of wet AMD. In this review, we described the roles of and changes in TGF-β signaling in the development of AMD and discussed the mechanisms of the TGF-β superfamily in choroidal neovascularization (CNV) and wet AMD, including the modulation of angiogenesis-related factors, inflammation, vascular fibrosis, and immune responses, as well as cross-talk with other signaling pathways. These remarkable findings indicate that TGF-β signaling is a potential target for wet AMD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wang
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Tumor Pathogens and Molecular Pathology and Department of Pathology, Schools of Basic Medical Sciences and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanchang University Medical College, Nanchang, China
- Nanchang Joint Program, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Haoran Li
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Tumor Pathogens and Molecular Pathology and Department of Pathology, Schools of Basic Medical Sciences and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanchang University Medical College, Nanchang, China
- Nanchang Joint Program, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Ruipu Sun
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Tumor Pathogens and Molecular Pathology and Department of Pathology, Schools of Basic Medical Sciences and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanchang University Medical College, Nanchang, China
- Nanchang Joint Program, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Chaxian Liu
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Tumor Pathogens and Molecular Pathology and Department of Pathology, Schools of Basic Medical Sciences and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanchang University Medical College, Nanchang, China
- The Second Clinical Department, School of Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yunfei Luo
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Tumor Pathogens and Molecular Pathology and Department of Pathology, Schools of Basic Medical Sciences and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanchang University Medical College, Nanchang, China
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Shuhua Fu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Ying Ying
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Tumor Pathogens and Molecular Pathology and Department of Pathology, Schools of Basic Medical Sciences and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanchang University Medical College, Nanchang, China
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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Lee HJ. The Role of Tripartite Motif Family Proteins in TGF-β Signaling Pathway and Cancer. J Cancer Prev 2018; 23:162-169. [PMID: 30671398 PMCID: PMC6330992 DOI: 10.15430/jcp.2018.23.4.162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
TGF-β signaling plays a tumor suppressive role in normal and premalignant cells but promotes tumor progression during the late stages of tumor development. The TGF-β signaling pathway is tightly regulated at various levels, including transcriptional and post-translational mechanisms. Ubiquitination of signaling components, such as receptors and Smad proteins is one of the key regulatory mechanisms of TGF-β signaling. Tripartite motif (TRIM) family of proteins is a highly conserved group of E3 ubiquitin ligase proteins that have been implicated in a variety of cellular functions, including cell growth, differentiation, immune response, and carcinogenesis. Recent emerging studies have shown that some TRIM family proteins function as important regulators in tumor initiation and progression. This review summarizes current knowledge of TRIM family proteins regulating the TGF-β signaling pathway with relevance to cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho-Jae Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
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38
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Lim BJ, Lee WK, Lee HW, Lee KS, Kim JK, Chang HY, Lee JI. Selective deletion of hepatocyte platelet-derived growth factor receptor α and development of liver fibrosis in mice. Cell Commun Signal 2018; 16:93. [PMID: 30509307 PMCID: PMC6276164 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-018-0306-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Platelet-derived growth factor receptor α (PDGFRα) expression is increased in activated hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) in cirrhotic liver, while normal hepatocytes express PDGFRα at a negligible level. However, cancerous hepatocytes may show upregulation of PDGFRα, and hepatocellular carcinoma is preceded by chronic liver injury. The role of PDGFRα in non-cancerous hepatocytes and liver fibrosis is unclear. We hypothesized that upon liver injury, PDGFRα in insulted hepatocytes contributes to liver fibrosis by facilitating intercellular crosstalk between hepatocytes and HSCs. METHODS Hepatocytes were isolated from normal and thioacetamide (TAA)-induced cirrhotic livers for assessment of PDGFRα expression. Conditional knock-out (KO) C57BL/6 mice, in which PDGFRα was selectively deleted in hepatocytes, were generated. Liver fibrosis was induced by injecting TAA for 8 weeks. Hep3B cells were transfected with a small interfering RNA (siRNA) (PDGFRα or control) and co-cultured with LX2 cells. RESULTS PDGFRα expression was increased in hepatocytes from fibrotic livers compared to normal livers. Conditional PDGFRα KO mice had attenuated TAA-induced liver fibrosis with decreased HSC activation and proliferation. Immunoblot analyses revealed decreased expression of phospho-p44/42 MAPK in TAA-treated KO mice; these mice also showed almost complete suppression of the upregulation of mouse double minute 2. Although KO mice exhibited increased expression of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β and Smad2/3, this was compensated for by increased expression of inhibitory Smad7. LX2 cells co-cultured with PDGFRα siRNA-infected Hep3B cells showed decreased PDGFRα, α smooth muscle actin, collagen α1(I), TGFβ, and Smad2/3 expression. LX2/PDGFRα-deleted hepatocyte co-culture medium showed decreased PDGF-BB and PDGF-CC levels. CONCLUSIONS Deletion of PDGFRα in hepatocytes attenuated the upregulation of PDGFRα in HSCs after TAA treatment, resulting in decreased liver fibrosis and HSC activation. This suggests that in the event of chronic liver injury, PDGFRα in hepatocytes plays an important role in liver fibrosis by affecting PDGFRα expression in HSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beom Jin Lim
- Department of Pathology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Woon-Kyu Lee
- Laboratory of Developmental Genetics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Woong Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwan Sik Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ja Kyung Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Young Chang
- Medical Research Center, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jung Il Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Xiong X, Tu S, Wang J, Luo S, Yan X. CXXC5: A novel regulator and coordinator of TGF-β, BMP and Wnt signaling. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 23:740-749. [PMID: 30479059 PMCID: PMC6349197 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
CXXC5 is a member of the CXXC-type zinc-finger protein family. Proteins in this family play a pivotal role in epigenetic regulation by binding to unmethylated CpG islands in gene promoters through their characteristic CXXC domain. CXXC5 is a short protein (322 amino acids in length) that does not have any catalytic domain, but is able to bind to DNA and act as a transcription factor and epigenetic factor through protein-protein interactions. Intriguingly, increasing evidence indicates that expression of the CXXC5 gene is controlled by multiple signaling pathways and a variety of transcription factors, positioning CXXC5 as an important signal integrator. In addition, CXXC5 is capable of regulating various signal transduction processes, including the TGF-β, Wnt and ATM-p53 pathways, thereby acting as a novel and crucial signaling coordinator. CXXC5 plays an important role in embryonic development and adult tissue homeostasis by regulating cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. In keeping with these functions, aberrant expression or altered activity of CXXC5 has been shown to be involved in several human diseases including tumourigenesis. This review summarizes the current understanding of CXXC5 as a transcription factor and signaling regulator and coordinator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyang Xiong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Shuo Tu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jianbin Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Shiwen Luo
- Center for Experimental Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiaohua Yan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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40
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Wu Z, Sun L, Liu G, Liu H, Liu H, Yu Z, Xu S, Li F, Qin Y. Hair follicle development and related gene and protein expression of skins in Rex rabbits during the first 8 weeks of life. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2018; 32:477-484. [PMID: 30208687 PMCID: PMC6409456 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.18.0256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Objective We aimed to observe hair follicle (HF) development in the dorsal skin and elucidate the expression patterns of genes and proteins related to skin and HF development in Rex rabbits from birth to 8 weeks of age. Methods Whole-skin samples were obtained from the backs of Rex rabbits at 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks of age, the morphological development of primary and secondary HFs was observed, and the gene transcript levels of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), epidermal growth factor (EGF), bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2), transforming growth factor β-1, 2, and 3 (TGFβ-1, TGFβ-2, and TGFβ-3) were examined using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Additionally, Wnt family member 10b (Wnt10b) and β-Catenin gene and protein expression were examined by quantitative real-time PCR and western blot, respectively. Results The results showed significant changes in the differentiation of primary and secondary HFs in Rex rabbits during their first 8 weeks of life. The IGF-I, EGF, TGFβ-2, and TGFβ-3 transcript levels in the rabbits were significantly lower at 2 weeks of age than at birth and gradually increased thereafter, while the BMP2 and TGFβ-1 transcript levels at 2 weeks of age were significantly higher than those at birth and gradually decreased thereafter. β-Catenin gene expression was also significantly affected by age, while the Wnt10b transcript level was not. However, the Wnt10b and β-catenin protein expression levels were the lowest at 2 and 4 weeks of age. Conclusion Our data showed that a series of changes in HFs in dorsal skin occurred during the first 8 weeks. Many genes, such as IGF-I, EGF, BMP2, TGFβ-1, TGFβ-2, TGFβ-3, and β-Catenin, participated in this process, and the related proteins Wnt10b and β-Catenin in skin were also affected by age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyu Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Liangzhan Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Gongyan Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Hongli Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Hanzhong Liu
- Sichuan Academy of Grassland Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan 610091, China
| | - Zhiju Yu
- Sichuan Academy of Grassland Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan 610091, China
| | - Shuang Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Fuchang Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Yinghe Qin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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TGF-β receptors: In and beyond TGF-β signaling. Cell Signal 2018; 52:112-120. [PMID: 30184463 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2018.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 244] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) plays an important role in normal development and homeostasis. Dysregulation of TGF-β responsiveness and its downstream signaling pathways contribute to many diseases, including cancer initiation, progression, and metastasis. TGF-β ligands bind to three isoforms of the TGF-β receptor (TGFBR) with different affinities. TGFBR1 and 2 are both serine/threonine and tyrosine kinases, but TGFBR3 does not have any kinase activity. They are necessary for activating canonical or noncanonical signaling pathways, as well as for regulating the activation of other signaling pathways. Another prominent feature of TGF-β signaling is its context-dependent effects, temporally and spatially. The diverse effects and context dependency are either achieved by fine-tuning the downstream components or by regulating the expressions and activities of the ligands or receptors. Focusing on the receptors in events in and beyond TGF-β signaling, we review the membrane trafficking of TGFBRs, the kinase activity of TGFBR1 and 2, the direct interactions between TGFBR2 and other receptors, and the novel roles of TGFBR3.
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42
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Shih-Wei W, Chih-Ling C, Kao YC, Martin R, Knölker HJ, Shiao MS, Chen CL. Pentabromopseudilin: a myosin V inhibitor suppresses TGF-β activity by recruiting the type II TGF-β receptor to lysosomal degradation. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2018; 33:920-935. [PMID: 29768059 PMCID: PMC6009923 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2018.1465416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Pentabromopseudilin (PBrP) is a marine antibiotic isolated from the marine bacteria Pseudomonas bromoutilis and Alteromonas luteoviolaceus. PBrP exhibits antimicrobial, anti-tumour, and phytotoxic activities. In mammalian cells, PBrP is known to act as a reversible and allosteric inhibitor of myosin Va (MyoVa). In this study, we report that PBrP is a potent inhibitor of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) activity. PBrP inhibits TGF-β-stimulated Smad2/3 phosphorylation, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) protein production and blocks TGF-β-induced epithelial–mesenchymal transition in epithelial cells. PBrP inhibits TGF-β signalling by reducing the cell-surface expression of type II TGF-β receptor (TβRII) and promotes receptor degradation. Gene silencing approaches suggest that MyoVa plays a crucial role in PBrP-induced TβRII turnover and the subsequent reduction of TGF-β signalling. Because, TGF-β signalling is crucial in the regulation of diverse pathophysiological processes such as tissue fibrosis and cancer development, PBrP should be further explored for its therapeutic role in treating fibrotic diseases and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Shih-Wei
- a Department of Biological Sciences , National Sun Yat-sen University , Kaohsiung , Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chung Chih-Ling
- a Department of Biological Sciences , National Sun Yat-sen University , Kaohsiung , Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yu-Chen Kao
- a Department of Biological Sciences , National Sun Yat-sen University , Kaohsiung , Taiwan, ROC
| | - René Martin
- b Department of Chemistry , TU Dresden , Dresden , Germany
| | | | - Meng-Shin Shiao
- c Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital , Mahidol University , Bangkok , Thailand
| | - Chun-Lin Chen
- a Department of Biological Sciences , National Sun Yat-sen University , Kaohsiung , Taiwan, ROC.,d Doctoral Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology, National Sun Yat-sen University and Academia Sinica , Kaohsiung , Taiwan, ROC
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43
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MicroRNA-410-5p exacerbates high-fat diet-induced cardiac remodeling in mice in an endocrine fashion. Sci Rep 2018; 8:8780. [PMID: 29884823 PMCID: PMC5993721 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-26646-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic disorders, such as obesity and type 2 diabetes, are associated with an increased risk of cardiomyopathy. To date, microRNA (miRNAs) functions in cardiac remodeling induced by obesity remain to be elucidated. We found that rats fed a high fat diet (HFD) manifested cardiac fibrosis and LV dysfunction. In the heart of rats fed HFD, the phosphorylation levels of Smad 2 and the expression of fibrotic genes, such as connective tissue growth factor, collagen-1α1 (Col1α1), Col3α1, and Col4α1, were up-regulated, which accompanied by an increase in Smad 7 protein levels, but not its mRNA levels. Using miRNA microarray analysis, we showed that the miRNA miR-410-5p inhibited the protein expression of Smad 7, thus increasing the phosphorylation levels of Smad 2. Overexpression of miR-410-5p promoted cardiac fibrosis in rats fed normal diet, whereas inhibition of miR-410-5p by way of miR-410-5p antimiR suppressed cardiac fibrosis in rats fed HFD. Finally, our data revealed that miR-410-5p from the kidney and adipose tissues was probably transferred to heart to induce cardiac fibrosis. Taken together, our study characterizes an endocrine mechanism in which adipose- or kidney-derived circulating miR-410-5p regulates metabolic disorders-mediated cardiac remodeling by activating the TGFβ/Smad signaling in heart.
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Takebayashi-Suzuki K, Konishi H, Miyamoto T, Nagata T, Uchida M, Suzuki A. Coordinated regulation of the dorsal-ventral and anterior-posterior patterning ofXenopusembryos by the BTB/POZ zinc finger protein Zbtb14. Dev Growth Differ 2018; 60:158-173. [DOI: 10.1111/dgd.12431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Revised: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kimiko Takebayashi-Suzuki
- Amphibian Research Center; Graduate School of Science; Hiroshima University; Higashi-Hiroshima Japan
| | - Hidenori Konishi
- Amphibian Research Center; Graduate School of Science; Hiroshima University; Higashi-Hiroshima Japan
| | - Tatsuo Miyamoto
- Amphibian Research Center; Graduate School of Science; Hiroshima University; Higashi-Hiroshima Japan
| | - Tomoko Nagata
- Amphibian Research Center; Graduate School of Science; Hiroshima University; Higashi-Hiroshima Japan
| | - Misa Uchida
- Amphibian Research Center; Graduate School of Science; Hiroshima University; Higashi-Hiroshima Japan
| | - Atsushi Suzuki
- Amphibian Research Center; Graduate School of Science; Hiroshima University; Higashi-Hiroshima Japan
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45
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High expression of microRNA-454 is associated with poor prognosis in triple-negative breast cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 7:64900-64909. [PMID: 27588500 PMCID: PMC5323124 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNA-454 (miR-454) has been reported to play an oncogenic or tumor suppressor role in most cancers. However, the clinical relevance of miR-454 in breast cancer remains unclear. We examined the expression of miR-454 in a tissue microarray containing 534 breast cancer specimens from female patients at Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center using in situ hybridization (ISH). Of these, 250 patients formed the training set and the other 284 were the validation set. The relationship between miR-454 and clinical outcome was analyzed by the Kaplan-Meier method. High expression of miR-454 indicated worse disease-free survival (DFS) in both cohorts (P = 0.006 for training set; P = 0.010 for validation set). Furthermore, in the triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) subtype, miR-454 was positively correlated with worse clinical outcome (P = 0.013 for training set, P = 0.014 for validation set). In addition, patients in the low miR-454 expression cohort had better response to anthracycline compared to non-anthracycline chemotherapy (P = 0.056), but this difference was not observed in the high miR-454 expression cohort. Our findings indicated that miR-454 is a potential predictor of prognosis and chemotherapy response in TNBC.
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46
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Xie F, Ling L, van Dam H, Zhou F, Zhang L. TGF-β signaling in cancer metastasis. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2018; 50:121-132. [PMID: 29190313 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmx123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The transforming growth factor (TGF)-β signaling events are well known to control diverse processes and numerous responses, such as cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and migration. TGF-β signaling plays context-dependent roles in cancer: in pre-malignant cells TGF-β primarily functions as a tumor suppressor, while in the later stages of cancer TGF-β signaling promotes invasion and metastasis. Recent studies have also suggested that the cross-talk between TGF-β signaling and other signaling pathways, such as Hippo, Wnt, EGFR/RAS, and PI3K/AKT pathways, may substantially contribute to our current understanding of TGF-β signaling and cancer. As a result of the wide-ranging effects of TGF-β, blockade of TGF-β and its downstream signaling components provides multiple therapeutic opportunities. Therefore, the outlook for anti-TGF-β signaling therapy for numerous diseases appears bright and will provide valuable information and thinking on the drug molecular design. In this review, we focus on recent insights into the regulation of TGF-β signaling in cancer metastasis which may contribute to the development of novel cancer-targeting therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Xie
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
- Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Li Ling
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Hans van Dam
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Cancer Genomics Centre Netherlands, Leiden University Medical Center, Postbus 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Fangfang Zhou
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Long Zhang
- Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
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Ma P, Ren B, Yang X, Sun B, Liu X, Kong Q, Li C, Mao B. ZC4H2 stabilizes Smads to enhance BMP signalling, which is involved in neural development in Xenopus. Open Biol 2017; 7:rsob.170122. [PMID: 28814648 PMCID: PMC5577449 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.170122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) play vital roles in regulating stem cell maintenance, differentiation and embryonic development. Intracellularly, BMP signalling is mediated by Smad proteins, which are regulated post-transcriptionally through reversible phosphorylation and ubiquitination. ZC4H2 is a small nuclear protein associated with intellectual disability and neural development in humans. Here, we report that ZC4H2 is highly expressed in the developing neural system and is involved in neural patterning and BMP signalling in Xenopus Knockdown of ZC4H2 led to expansion of the expression of the pan neural plate marker Sox2 in Xenopus embryos. In mammalian cells, ZC4H2 promotes BMP signalling and is involved in BMP regulated myogenic and osteogenic differentiation of mouse myoblast cells. Mechanistically, ZC4H2 binds and stabilizes Smad1 and Smad5 proteins through reducing their association with the Smurf ubiquitin ligases and thus their ubiquitination. We also found that a group of ZC4H2 mutations, which have been isolated in patients with intellectual disorders, showed weaker Smad-stabilizing activity, suggesting that the ZC4H2-Smad interaction might contribute to proper neural development in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengcheng Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, People's Republic of China
| | - Biyu Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Health Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangcai Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, People's Republic of China.,Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650203, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Sun
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650203, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming 650223, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoliang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, People's Republic of China.,Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650203, People's Republic of China
| | - Qinghua Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, People's Republic of China
| | - Chaocui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, People's Republic of China
| | - Bingyu Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, People's Republic of China
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Uev1A facilitates osteosarcoma differentiation by promoting Smurf1-mediated Smad1 ubiquitination and degradation. Cell Death Dis 2017; 8:e2974. [PMID: 28771228 PMCID: PMC5596555 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2017.366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Revised: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Malignant bone tumor osteosarcoma (OS) displays high metastasis incidence and poor prognosis. Its stem cell properties could serve to explain tumor recurrence and resistance to conventional treatments. In this study, we identified UEV1A as a novel suppressor of OS. Elevated UEV1A diminishes stem cell properties of OS cells and drives them to terminal differentiation. Importantly, UEV1A-overexpressed OS cells delay proliferation and are more sensitive to chemotherapeutic agents than control cells. Uev1A appears to be involved in the BMP signaling pathway in which it collaborates with a ubiquitin E3 ligase Smurf1 to promote Smad1 degradation in a Ubc13-independent manner. Indeed, Smad1 is identified as a dominant downstream effector of Uev1A, which unravels the mechanism underlying Uev1A-orchestrated tumor suppression in OS. The above findings identify UEV1A as a potential OS tumor suppression gene, and shed lights to future OS diagnosis and treatment.
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Bai L, Chang HM, Cheng JC, Klausen C, Chu G, Leung PCK, Yang G. SMAD1/5 mediates bone morphogenetic protein 2-induced up-regulation of BAMBI expression in human granulosa-lutein cells. Cell Signal 2017; 37:52-61. [PMID: 28578012 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2017.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2017] [Revised: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic protein and activin membrane-bound inhibitor (BAMBI) is a transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) type I receptor antagonist that negatively regulates TGF-β and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling. BAMBI has been shown to be regulated by TGF-β signaling; however, whether BAMBI can be regulated by BMP signaling remains to be determined. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of BMP2 on the regulation of BAMBI expression in human granulosa-lutein cells and the underlying mechanisms. Both primary and immortalized human granulosa-lutein cells were used as research models. Using dual inhibition approaches, our results showed that BMP2 activated SMAD1/5/8 phosphorylation and up-regulated BAMBI mRNA levels, which was reversed by the BMP type I receptor inhibitors, DMH-1 and dorsomorphin, but not by SB431542 (activin/TGF-β type I receptor inhibitor). Moreover, the combined knockdown of SMAD1 and SMAD5 completely abolished the BMP2-induced up-regulation of BAMBI. Similarly, knockdown of SMAD4 reversed the BMP2-induced up-regulation of BAMBI. Pre-treatment with BMP2 inhibited the TGF-β1-induced phosphorylation of SMAD2/3 and up-regulation of MMP2, and these inhibitory effects were reversed by knockdown of endogenous BAMBI. Our findings indicate that BAMBI is a BMP-responsive gene and that BAMBI participates in the negative feedback regulation of TGF-β signaling in the human ovary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Bai
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Hsun-Ming Chang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Jung-Chien Cheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Christian Klausen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Guiyan Chu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Peter C K Leung
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4H4, Canada.
| | - Gongshe Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China.
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Zhou F, Xie F, Jin K, Zhang Z, Clerici M, Gao R, van Dinther M, Sixma TK, Huang H, Zhang L, Ten Dijke P. USP4 inhibits SMAD4 monoubiquitination and promotes activin and BMP signaling. EMBO J 2017; 36:1623-1639. [PMID: 28468752 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201695372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2016] [Revised: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
SMAD4 is a common intracellular effector for TGF-β family cytokines, but the mechanism by which its activity is dynamically regulated is unclear. We demonstrated that ubiquitin-specific protease (USP) 4 strongly induces activin/BMP signaling by removing the inhibitory monoubiquitination from SMAD4. This modification was triggered by the recruitment of the E3 ligase, SMURF2, to SMAD4 following ligand-induced regulatory (R)-SMAD-SMAD4 complex formation. Whereas the interaction of the negative regulator c-SKI inhibits SMAD4 monoubiquitination, the ligand stimulates the recruitment of SMURF2 to the c-SKI-SMAD2 complex and triggers c-SKI ubiquitination and degradation. Thus, SMURF2 has a role in termination and initiation of TGF-β family signaling. An increase in monoubiquitinated SMAD4 in USP4-depleted mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) decreased both the BMP- and activin-induced changes in the embryonic stem cell fate. USP4 sustained SMAD4 activity during activin- and BMP-mediated morphogenic events in early zebrafish embryos. Moreover, zebrafish depleted of USP4 exhibited defective cell migration and slower coordinated cell movement known as epiboly, both of which could be rescued by SMAD4. Therefore, USP4 is a critical determinant of SMAD4 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Zhou
- Life Sciences Institute and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Cancer Genomics Centre Netherlands, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Institutes of Biology and Medical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Feng Xie
- Life Sciences Institute and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ke Jin
- Life Sciences Institute and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhengkui Zhang
- Life Sciences Institute and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Marcello Clerici
- Department of Biochemistry, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rui Gao
- Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Chonqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Maarten van Dinther
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Cancer Genomics Centre Netherlands, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Titia K Sixma
- Department of Biochemistry, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Huizhe Huang
- Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Chonqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Long Zhang
- Life Sciences Institute and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China .,Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Cancer Genomics Centre Netherlands, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Ten Dijke
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Cancer Genomics Centre Netherlands, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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