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Smith CE, O'Neil PM. Prevalence of Obesity Among Electronic Cigarette and Tobacco Users in the United States: Results from the 2018 Wave of the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. Subst Use Misuse 2024:1-7. [PMID: 38803011 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2024.2354787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Objective: Tobacco use and obesity are leading causes of preventable death in the U.S. E-cigarette use is on the rise; however, obesity prevalence among e-cigarette users is unknown. The present study characterized obesity prevalence among e-cigarette and tobacco users in a national sample of U.S. adults. Method: Data were obtained from the 2018 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. Approximately 249,726 participants provided data on e-cigarette and tobacco use, height, weight, and demographics, and were categorized as follows: Ever vaped, ever smoked; Ever vaped, never smoked; Never vaped, ever smoked; Never vaped, never smoked. Results: Obesity prevalence (BMI ≥30 kg/m2) differed significantly across groups: 33.0% (ever vaped, ever smoked); 27.7% (ever vaped, never smoked); 33.1% (never vaped, ever smoked); 32.1% (never vaped, never smoked), p < .001. Groups also differed demographically. Logistic regressions adjusted for demographics revealed subjects in the never vaped, ever smoked group were significantly more likely to have obesity relative to those in the never vaped, never smoked group (p < 0.001) with vaping status having no main effect. Secondary analyses using never smokers as the reference found current smokers were less likely to have obesity and former smokers were more likely to have obesity, p < .001. Discussion: The present study is the first to characterize U.S. obesity prevalence among e-cigarette and tobacco users. Obesity prevalence was lower in the ever vaped, never smoked group; however, this finding appears to be attributable to demographic variables. As e-cigarette use becomes more common, future research should examine the development and maintenance of obesity among users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin E Smith
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Weight Management Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Patrick M O'Neil
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Weight Management Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
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Webb MD, Melough MM, Earthman CP, Katz SE, Pacanowski CR. Associations between anthropometry, body composition, and body image in athletes: a systematic review. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1372331. [PMID: 38803833 PMCID: PMC11129708 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1372331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Poor body image is a potent risk factor for disordered eating and eating disorders. Athletes are a population at increased risk for eating disorders despite reports of lower body image concerns compared to non-athletes. Body size and composition may influence an athlete's susceptibility to poor body image. Methods Five electronic databases (PubMed, Cochrane Library, PsycINFO, Web of Science, SPORTDiscus) were searched to systematically evaluate the literature regarding the association between body measures (i.e., anthropometric and body composition indicators) and body image in athletes. The systematic review was completed following PRISMA guidelines and 27 cross-sectional studies were identified for inclusion and evaluated using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist for Analytical Cross-Sectional Studies. Results Studies differed in methodological assessment of anthropometry or body composition (i.e., self-reported versus researcher-measured), methods for evaluating aspects of body image, geographic location, and sport type. Higher body mass index (BMI) or percent body fat (%BF) was significantly associated with greater body dissatisfaction in 16 of 22 studies (72.7%). Positive associations between body measures and aspects of negative body image were most consistently observed among studies that assessed BMI based on self-reported heights and weights, while significant associations between body composition measures (e.g., %BF, fat mass, fat-free mass) were less common. Four of seven studies assessing relationships between BMI and an aspect of positive body image reported significant inverse relationships, while three revealed insignificant associations. Discussion Overall, higher BMI and body fat were associated with body dissatisfaction among athletes. Future studies are needed to confirm these findings within focused populations and utilizing body composition methods (e.g., bioelectrical impedance techniques). Systematic review registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, CRD42023446518.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary D. Webb
- Department of Health Behavior and Nutrition Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, United States
| | - Melissa M. Melough
- Department of Health Behavior and Nutrition Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, United States
| | - Carrie P. Earthman
- Department of Health Behavior and Nutrition Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, United States
| | - Sarah E. Katz
- Research and Engagement Department, Library, Museums, and Press, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, United States
| | - Carly R. Pacanowski
- Department of Health Behavior and Nutrition Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, United States
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Bouman A, Geelen JM, Kummeling J, Schenck A, van der Zwan YG, Klein WM, Kleefstra T. Growth, body composition, and endocrine-metabolic profiles of individuals with Kleefstra syndrome provide directions for clinical management and translational studies. Am J Med Genet A 2024; 194:e63472. [PMID: 38155610 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.63472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Mendelian neurodevelopmental disorders caused by variants in genes encoding chromatin modification can be categorized as Mendelian disorders of the epigenetic machinery (MDEMs). These disorders have significant overlap in molecular pathways and phenotypes including intellectual disability, short stature, and obesity. Among the MDEMs is Kleefstra syndrome (KLFS), which is caused by haploinsufficiency of EHMT1. Preclinical studies have identified metabolic dysregulation and obesity in KLFS models, but proper clinical translation lacks. In this study, we aim to delineate growth, body composition, and endocrine-metabolic characteristics in a total of 62 individuals with KLFS. Our results revealed a high prevalence of childhood-onset overweight/obesity (60%; 28/47) with disproportionately high body fat percentage, which aligns perfectly with previous preclinical studies. Short stature was common (33%), likely due to advanced skeletal maturation. Endocrine-metabolic investigations showed thyroid dysregulation (22%; 9/41), elevated triglycerides, and decreased blood ammonia levels. Moreover, hand radiographs identified decreased bone mineralization (57%; 8/14) and negative ulnar variance (71%; 10/14). Our findings indicate a high (cardio)metabolic risk in KLFS. Therefore, we recommend monitoring of weight and endocrine-metabolic profile. Supporting a healthy lifestyle and screening of bone mineralization is advised. Our comprehensive results support translational research and contribute to a better understanding of MDEM-associated phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianne Bouman
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Joyce M Geelen
- Department of Pediatrics, Developmental and Genetic Pediatrics, Amalia Children's Hospital, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Joost Kummeling
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Annette Schenck
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Yvonne G van der Zwan
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Endocrinology, Amalia Children's Hospital, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Willemijn M Klein
- Department of Medical Imaging, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Tjitske Kleefstra
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Center of Excellence for Neuropsychiatry, Vincent van Gogh Institute for Psychiatry, Venray, The Netherlands
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Eo YS, Kim MS. Risk Factors for Overweight and Obesity in Later School-Aged Children: Focus on Lifestyle Behaviours and Psychosocial Characteristics. Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:912. [PMID: 38727468 PMCID: PMC11083297 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12090912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The study analysed the 12th wave (2019) of data from the Panel Study on Korean Children conducted by the Korea Institute of Child Care and Education. A total of 1174 children were selected as the subjects of the study. The results concerning the identifying factors influencing overweight and obesity in later school-aged children revealed that when compared to boys, girls were 1.66 times more likely to be overweight or obese. Moreover, for every one-hour increase in media usage time, the likelihood of being overweight or obese increased by 1.23 times, and for every one-point increase in body dissatisfaction, the probability of being overweight or obese increased by 2.07 times. However, among personality traits, neuroticism was associated with a 0.96 times lower likelihood of being overweight or obese. These findings underscore the significance of considering not only lifestyle factors but also psychosocial characteristics such as body dissatisfaction and neuroticism as predictive factors for overweight and obesity in later school-aged children, providing a basis for intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Sook Eo
- College of Nursing, Dongguk University-WISE, Gyeongju 38066, Republic of Korea;
| | - Myo-Sung Kim
- Department of Nursing, Dong-Eui University, Busan 47340, Republic of Korea
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Lee SY, Jao NC, Gaffey AE, Reid BM, Vergara-Lopez C, Bublitz MH, Stroud LR. Female adolescents' early life stress and body mass index: Differential effects of anger and anxiety in response to rejection. J Adolesc 2024. [PMID: 38402417 DOI: 10.1002/jad.12302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Early life stress is linked to childhood obesity. As children enter adolescence, early life stress may be associated with increased rejection sensitivity, resulting in activation of behavioral and physiological changes that contribute to higher body mass index (BMI). Understanding the potential influence of rejection sensitivity on the association between early life stress and BMI is important to examine in female adolescents. For this secondary data analysis, we hypothesized that female adolescents with greater early life stress and greater rejection sensitivity would exhibit higher BMI-for-age 12 months later. METHODS Seventy-eight adolescents (Mage = 13.1 years; 100% female sex; MBMI = 23.2 kg/m2 ) in the United States completed study procedures from 2012 to 2016. Among these procedures, the Psychosocial Schedule was used to assess cumulative early life stress and the Children's Rejection Sensitivity Questionnaire was used to assess anger and anxiety in response to rejection. Twelve months later, height and weight were measured to derive BMI-for-age. RESULTS Higher early life stress was associated with higher BMI-for-age among female adolescents with low rejection-provoked anger (1 SD below the mean). However, this association was not observed among female adolescents with high rejection-provoked anger (1 SD above the mean). Finally, there was no significant interaction between early life stress and rejection-provoked anxiety in predicting BMI-for-age. CONCLUSIONS Experiencing early life stress may interact with rejection-provoked anger, but not anxiety, to predict BMI-for-age. Findings inform a developmental perspective of how rejection sensitivity may influence the association between early life stress and early cardiometabolic risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Y Lee
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
- Center for Behavioral and Preventive Medicine, The Miriam Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Nancy C Jao
- Department of Psychology, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Allison E Gaffey
- Department of Internal Medicine (Cardiovascular Medicine), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Brie M Reid
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
- Center for Behavioral and Preventive Medicine, The Miriam Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Chrystal Vergara-Lopez
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
- Center for Behavioral and Preventive Medicine, The Miriam Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Margaret H Bublitz
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
- Department of Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
- Women's Medicine Collaborative, The Miriam Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Laura R Stroud
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
- Center for Behavioral and Preventive Medicine, The Miriam Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
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Laru J, Pinola P, Ojaniemi M, Korhonen E, Laikari L, Franks S, Piltonen TT, Tapanainen JS, Niinimäki M, Morin-Papunen L. Low testosterone at age 31 associates with maternal obesity and higher body mass index from childhood until age 46: A birth cohort study. Andrology 2024; 12:327-337. [PMID: 37424437 DOI: 10.1111/andr.13492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low testosterone (T) levels in men associate with increased risks of obesity, type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and cardiovascular diseases. However, most studies are cross-sectional with follow-up-time < 10 years, and data on early growth are limited. OBJECTIVE To compare prenatal factors and body mass index (BMI) development from birth to age 46 in relation to low T at age 31. MATERIALS AND METHODS Men with low T (T < 12.1 nmol/L, n = 132) and men with normal T at age 31 (n = 2561) were derived from the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966. Prenatal factors, longitudinal weight and height data from birth to age 14, and cross-sectional weight and height data at ages 31 and 46, and waist-hip-ratio (WHR) and T levels at age 31 were analyzed. Longitudinal modeling and timing of adiposity rebound (AR, second BMI rise at age 5-7 years) were calculated from fitted BMI curves. Results were adjusted for mother's pre-pregnancy BMI and smoking status, birth weight for gestational age, alcohol consumption, education level, smoking status, and WHR at age 31. RESULTS Neither gestational age nor birth weight was associated with low T at age 31; however, maternal obesity during gestation was more prevalent among men with low T (9.8% vs. 3.5%, adjusted aOR: 2.43 [1.19-4.98]). Men with low T had earlier AR (5.28 vs. 5.82, aOR: 0.73 [0.56-0.94]) and higher BMI (p < 0.001) from AR onward until age 46. Men with both early AR and low T had the highest BMI from AR onward. CONCLUSIONS In men, maternal obesity and early weight gain associate with lower T levels at age 31, independently of adulthood abdominal obesity. Given the well-known health risks related to obesity, and the rising prevalence of maternal obesity, the results of the present study emphasize the importance of preventing obesity that may also affect the later reproductive health of the offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Laru
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oulu University Hospital, Wellbeing Services County of North Ostrobothnia, Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Center, Research Unit of Clinical Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Pekka Pinola
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oulu University Hospital, Wellbeing Services County of North Ostrobothnia, Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Center, Research Unit of Clinical Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Marja Ojaniemi
- Medical Research Center, Research Unit of Clinical Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Children and Adolescents, Oulu University Hospital, Wellbeing Services County of North Ostrobothnia Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Elisa Korhonen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oulu University Hospital, Wellbeing Services County of North Ostrobothnia, Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Center, Research Unit of Clinical Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Lotta Laikari
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Stephen Franks
- Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Terhi T Piltonen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oulu University Hospital, Wellbeing Services County of North Ostrobothnia, Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Center, Research Unit of Clinical Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Juha S Tapanainen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, HFR - Cantonal Hospital of Fribourg and University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Maarit Niinimäki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oulu University Hospital, Wellbeing Services County of North Ostrobothnia, Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Center, Research Unit of Clinical Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Laure Morin-Papunen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oulu University Hospital, Wellbeing Services County of North Ostrobothnia, Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Center, Research Unit of Clinical Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
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Parker H, Hunt ET, Brazendale K, Klinggraeff LV, Jones A, Burkart S, Dugger R, Armstrong B, Beets MW, Weaver RG. Accuracy and Precision of Opportunistic Measures of Body Composition from the Tanita DC-430U. Child Obes 2023; 19:470-478. [PMID: 36201230 DOI: 10.1089/chi.2022.0084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Background: It is essential to quantify the accuracy and precision of bioelectrical impedance (BIA)-estimated percent body fat (%BF) to better interpret community-based research findings that utilize opportunistic measures. Methods: Study 1 measured the accuracy of a new dual-frequency foot-to-foot BIA device (Tanita DC-430U) compared with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) among healthy elementary school-aged children (N = 50). Study 2 examined the precision of BIA %BF estimates within and between days among children and adults (N = 38). Results: Regarding accuracy, Tanita DC-430U underestimated %BF by 8.0 percentage points compared with DXA (20.6% vs. 28.5%), but correctly ranked children in terms of %BF. Differences in %BF between BIA and DXA were driven by lower BIA-estimated fat mass (7.8 kg vs. 9.9 kg, p < 0.05) and higher BIA-estimated fat-free mass (25.3 kg vs. 24.1 kg, p < 0.05). The absolute agreement between BIA and DXA for estimated %BF was moderate (concordance correlation coefficients = 0.53). Regarding precision, measures taken at the same time, but on different days (root mean square standard deviation [RMSD] = 0.42-0.74) were more precise than the measures taken at different times within a single day (RMSD = 1.04-1.10). Conclusion: The Tanita DC-430U substantially underestimated %BF compared with DXA, highlighting the need to assess accuracy of new BIA devices when they are introduced to the market. Opportunistic measures of %BF estimates were most precise when taken at consistent times and in the morning, but may be utilized throughout the day with an understanding of within- and between-day variability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Parker
- Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Ethan T Hunt
- Michael and Susan Dell Center for Healthy Living, UTHealth Science Center at Houston, Austin Campus, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Keith Brazendale
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | | | - Alexis Jones
- Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Sarah Burkart
- Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Roddrick Dugger
- Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Bridget Armstrong
- Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Michael W Beets
- Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - R Glenn Weaver
- Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
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Jevtovic F, Zheng D, Houmard JA, Kern K, Claiborne A, Lopez CA, Broskey NT, Isler C, DeVente J, Newton E, May LE. Myogenically differentiated mesenchymal stem cell insulin sensitivity is associated with infant adiposity at 1 and 6 months of age. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2023; 31:2349-2358. [PMID: 37551412 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In adults, skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity (SI ) and fatty acid oxidation (FAO) are linked with a predisposition to obesity. The current study aimed to determine the effects of maternal exercise on a model of infant skeletal muscle tissue (differentiated umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells [MSCs]) SI and FAO and analyzed for associations with infant body composition. METHODS Females <16 weeks' gestation were randomized to either 150 min/wk of moderate-intensity aerobic, resistance, or combination exercise or a nonexercising control. At delivery, MSCs were isolated from umbilical cords and myogenically differentiated, and SI and FAO were measured using radiolabeled substrates. Infant body fat percentage (BF%) and fat-free mass were calculated using standard equations at 1 and 6 months of age. RESULTS MSCs from infants of all exercisers had significantly (p < 0.05) higher SI . MSC SI was inversely associated with infant BF% at 1 (r = -0.38, p < 0.05) and 6 (r = -0.65, p < 0.01) months of age. Infants with high SI had lower BF% at 1 (p = 0.06) and 6 (p < 0.01) months of age. MSCs in the high SI group had higher (p < 0.05) FAO. CONCLUSIONS Exposure to any type of exercise in utero improves offspring SI and could reduce adiposity in early infancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filip Jevtovic
- Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
- Human Performance Laboratory, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
| | - Donghai Zheng
- Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
- Human Performance Laboratory, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
| | - Joseph A Houmard
- Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
- Human Performance Laboratory, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
| | - Kara Kern
- Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
- Human Performance Laboratory, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
| | - Alex Claiborne
- Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
- Human Performance Laboratory, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
| | - Christian A Lopez
- Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
- Human Performance Laboratory, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
| | - Nicholas T Broskey
- Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
- Human Performance Laboratory, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
| | - Christy Isler
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jim DeVente
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
| | - Edward Newton
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
| | - Linda E May
- Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
- Human Performance Laboratory, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
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Rodríguez-Cano AM, Piña-Ramírez O, Rodríguez-Hernández C, Mier-Cabrera J, Villalobos-Alcazar G, Estrada-Gutierrez G, Cardona-Pérez A, Coronado-Zarco A, Perichart-Perera O. Development and validation of anthropometric-based fat-mass prediction equations using air displacement plethysmography in Mexican infants. Eur J Clin Nutr 2023; 77:748-756. [PMID: 37055482 PMCID: PMC10335931 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-023-01285-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Fat-mass (FM) assessment since birth using valid methodologies is crucial since excessive adiposity represents a risk factor for adverse metabolic outcomes. AIM To develop infant FM prediction equations using anthropometry and validate them against air-displacement plethysmography (ADP). SUBJECTS/METHODS Clinical, anthropometric (weight, length, body-mass index -BMI-, circumferences, and skinfolds), and FM (ADP) data were collected from healthy-term infants at 1 (n = 133), 3 (n = 105), and 6 (n = 101) months enrolled in the OBESO perinatal cohort (Mexico City). FM prediction models were developed in 3 steps: 1) Variable Selection (LASSO regression), 2) Model behavior evaluation (12-fold cross-validation, using Theil-Sen regressions), and 3) Final model evaluation (Bland-Altman plots, Deming regression). RESULTS Relevant variables in the FM prediction models included BMI, circumferences (waist, thigh, and calf), and skinfolds (waist, triceps, subscapular, thigh, and calf). The R2 of each model was 1 M: 0.54, 3 M: 0.69, 6 M: 0.63. Predicted FM showed high correlation values (r ≥ 0.73, p < 0.001) with FM measured with ADP. There were no significant differences between predicted vs measured FM (1 M: 0.62 vs 0.6; 3 M: 1.2 vs 1.35; 6 M: 1.65 vs 1.76 kg; p > 0.05). Bias were: 1 M -0.021 (95%CI: -0.050 to 0.008), 3 M: 0.014 (95%CI: 0.090-0.195), 6 M: 0.108 (95%CI: 0.046-0.169). CONCLUSION Anthropometry-based prediction equations are inexpensive and represent a more accessible method to estimate body composition. The proposed equations are useful for evaluating FM in Mexican infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ameyalli M Rodríguez-Cano
- Nutrition and Bioprogramming Coordination, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes, CP 11000, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Omar Piña-Ramírez
- Bioinformatics and Statistical Analysis Department, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes, CP 11000, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Carolina Rodríguez-Hernández
- Nutrition and Bioprogramming Coordination, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes, CP 11000, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Jennifer Mier-Cabrera
- Nutrition and Bioprogramming Coordination, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes, CP 11000, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Gicela Villalobos-Alcazar
- Neonatal Ward, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes, CP 11000, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Guadalupe Estrada-Gutierrez
- Research Division, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes, CP 11000, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Arturo Cardona-Pérez
- General Director, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes, CP 11000, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Alejandra Coronado-Zarco
- Neonatology Division, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes, CP 11000, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Otilia Perichart-Perera
- Nutrition and Bioprogramming Coordination, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes, CP 11000, Ciudad de México, México.
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10
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van Beijsterveldt IALP, Dorrepaal DJ, de Fluiter KS, de Ridder MAJ, Hokken-Koelega ACS. Skinfold-based-equations to assess longitudinal body composition in children from birth to age 5 years. Clin Nutr 2023; 42:1213-1218. [PMID: 37225558 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2023.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS In order to identify children at risk for excess adiposity, it is important to determine body composition longitudinally throughout childhood. However, most frequently used techniques in research are expensive and time-consuming and, therefore, not feasible for use in general clinical practice. Skinfold measurements can be used as proxy for adiposity, but current anthropometry-based-equations have random and systematic errors, especially when used longitudinally in pre-pubertal children. We developed and validated skinfold-based-equations to estimate total fat mass (FM) longitudinally in children aged 0-5 years. METHODS This study was embedded in the Sophia Pluto study, a prospective birth cohort. In 998 healthy term-born children, we longitudinally measured anthropometrics, including skinfolds and determined FM using Air Displacement Plethysmography (ADP) by PEA POD and Dual energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA) from birth to age 5 years. Of each child one random measurement was used in the determination cohort, others for validation. Linear regression was used to determine the best fitting FM-prediction model based on anthropometric measurements using ADP and DXA as reference methods. For validation, we used calibration plots to determine predictive value and agreement between measured and predicted FM. RESULTS Three skinfold-based-equations were developed for adjoined age ranges (0-6 months, 6-24 months and 2-5 years), based on FM-trajectories. Validation of these prediction equations showed significant correlations between measured and predicted FM (R: 0.921, 0.779 and 0.893, respectively) and good agreement with small mean prediction errors of 1, 24 and -96 g, respectively. CONCLUSIONS We developed and validated reliable skinfold-based-equations which may be used longitudinally from birth to age 5 years in general practice and large epidemiological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inge A L P van Beijsterveldt
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Dutch Growth Research Foundation, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Demi J Dorrepaal
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Maria A J de Ridder
- Department of Medical Informatics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Anita C S Hokken-Koelega
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Dutch Growth Research Foundation, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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11
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Ji X, Covington LB, Patterson F, Ji M, Brownlow JA. Associations between sleep and overweight/obesity in adolescents vary by race/ethnicity and socioeconomic status. J Adv Nurs 2023; 79:1970-1981. [PMID: 36443810 PMCID: PMC10654562 DOI: 10.1111/jan.15513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM To examine the interaction between sleep and social determinants of health (SDOH) [race/ethnicity and socioeconomic status (SES)] on overweight/obesity in adolescents. DESIGN Cross-sectional. METHODS We conducted a secondary analysis using the 2017-2018 National Survey of Children's Health data. We included adolescents (10-17 years old) who had sleep and body mass index (BMI) data available (n = 24,337) in analyses (samples with BMI <5th percentile excluded). Parents reported children's sleep duration and regularity. High BMI (≥85th percentile) for age defines overweight/obesity. We selected SDOH (race/ethnicity, family income, primary caregiver education and neighbourhood condition) and covariates (age, sex, smoking, exercise and depression) using a hierarchical model-building approach. Accounting for complex survey design, logistic regression estimated the interaction between sleep and SDOH. RESULTS There were significant interactions between sleep duration and SDOH. The association between increasing sleep and decreasing odds of overweight/obesity only showed in the following subgroups: White, family income ≥400% federal poverty level (FPL) or primary caregiver' education ≥ high school. Compared with these subgroups, Hispanic adolescents and adolescents whose family income was below 100% FPL and whose caregiver education was below high school had weakened and reversed associations. Sleep regularity was not associated with overweight/obesity. CONCLUSIONS Increasing sleep duration was associated with a decreased risk of overweight/obesity, but the association was not present in adolescents from racial/ethnic minority groups (i.e. Hispanic) and those with low SES. IMPACT The study findings suggest that associations between sleep and overweight/obesity vary by race and SES. Identification of additional mechanisms for obesity is needed for racial/ethnic minority groups and those from families with low SES. Also, the complexity of these relationships underscores the importance of community-based needs assessment in the design of targeted and meaningful interventions to address complex health conditions such as poor sleep and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaopeng Ji
- School of Nursing, College of Health Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA
| | - Lauren B. Covington
- School of Nursing, College of Health Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA
| | - Freda Patterson
- Department of Behavioral Health and Nutrition, College of Health Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA
| | - Ming Ji
- College of Nursing University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
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12
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Torun BI, Balaban M, Hatipoglu SC. Reevaluation of the topographical anatomy of the mid-thigh: A magnetic resonance and ultrasound imaging study. Clin Anat 2023; 36:350-359. [PMID: 35790028 DOI: 10.1002/ca.23927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Adductor canal (AC) and sciatic nerve (SN) blockades are commonly used during total knee arthroplasties for postoperative pain control. Medical professionals have begun to utilize single injection combined regional anesthesia methods due to increased patient comfort. In this study, we examined the topographical anatomy of the mid-thigh, which is recommended as the appropriate intervention level for combined AC and SN blockades, in order to provide a safe approach for clinicians. We examined 184 thigh magnetic resonance images (MRI) from 98 patients. We measured the diameter of the mid-thigh, anterior thigh muscle thickness, subcutaneous adipose tissue thickness, and SN depth on the MRIs. We obtained ultrasound (US) images of the vastoadductor membranes (VAM) of 26 volunteers, and measured the vertical distances between the greater trochanter and the adductor tubercle (A) and the greater trochanter and the upper edge of the VAM (B). We then proportioned B to A in order to determine in which part of the thigh the AC was located. The AC was in the distal third of the thigh, and the SN's depth was located in the third quarter of the thigh's diameter. Only the adductor magnus, and no neurovascular structure, was at risk of injury between the AC and the SN. The upper edge of the VAM was 6.5 cm below the mid-thigh, therefore it is not appropriate to suggest performing an AC blockade at mid-thigh. We think that it is safe to perform a combined AC and SN blockade in a single injection in selected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilge Ipek Torun
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Ankara Yildirim Beyazit University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mehtap Balaban
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiology, Ankara Yildirim Beyazit University, Ankara, Turkey
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13
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Daida Y, Pedula K. Prevalence of Overweight and Obese Prepregnancy BMI and Excessive Gestational Weight Gain Using Asian-Specific Cutoffs Among Asian and Mixed-Asian Women Living in Hawaii: A Retrospective Cohort Study. Matern Child Health J 2023; 27:728-736. [PMID: 36214801 PMCID: PMC10023603 DOI: 10.1007/s10995-022-03560-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The use of Asian-specific Body Mass Index (aBMI) cutoffs may be more appropriate than general World Health Organization BMI (gBMI) cutoffs in determining recommended gestational weight gain (GWG) for Asian women. Since aBMI cutoffs are lower than gBMI, more Asian women will be reclassified into higher aBMI categories from gBMI. The prevalence of reclassification and its impact on GWG are not known. METHODS We utilized the electronic health records of 8886 Kaiser Permanente Hawaii members aged ≥ 18 with a singleton live birth. Prepregnancy BMI was first classified using gBMI criteria, then aBMI criteria. BMI categories were "underweight", "normal", "overweight" and "obese"; GWG was classified into lower ("lGWG"), met ("mGWG"), and exceed ("eGWG") GWG per WHO recommendations. Self-reported race/ethnicity include Asian, Asian + Pacific Islander, and Asian + white. Multiple logistic regression was used to estimate adjusted odds of reclassification. The Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel test was used to evaluate associations between race/ethnicity and GWG. RESULTS > 40% of women in each racial/ethnic group were reclassified. Asian + Pacific Islander women had significantly higher odds of being reclassified (p < .0001). In the normal gBMI and aBMI category, Asian + Pacific Islander women had the largest eGWG group. In the overweight gBMI category, Asian + Pacific Islander women had the largest eGWG group; in the overweight aBMI category, Asian + white women had the largest eGWG group. DISCUSSION A sizable percent of women were reclassified into higher BMI categories when aBMI was applied. Mixed-race Asian women were more likely to exceed GWG recommendations than Asian women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Daida
- Center for Integrated Healthcare Research, Kaiser Permanente Hawai'i, 501 Alakawa St Suite 201, Honolulu, HI, 96817, USA.
| | - K Pedula
- Center for Integrated Healthcare Research, Kaiser Permanente Hawai'i, 501 Alakawa St Suite 201, Honolulu, HI, 96817, USA
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14
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Sánchez-Delgado A, Pérez-Bey A, Izquierdo-Gómez R, Jimenez-Iglesias J, Marcos A, Gómez-Martínez S, Girela-Rejón MJ, Veiga OL, Castro-Piñero J. Fitness, body composition, and metabolic risk scores in children and adolescents: the UP&DOWN study. Eur J Pediatr 2023; 182:669-687. [PMID: 36443504 PMCID: PMC9899179 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-022-04707-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to analyse the longitudinal association between physical fitness (PF) and body composition (BC) with a metabolic risk score (Met4) in children and adolescents and to elucidate whether the association between PF and Met4 differs when using relativized or absolute fitness variables. A total of 188 children (86 females) and 195 adolescents (97 females) were included. Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) was determined by the 20-m shuttle run test, and muscular fitness (MF) was determined by hand grip and standing long jump tests. Height and weight were measured, and the body mass index (Kg/m2) was calculated. Triceps and subscapular skinfolds were assessed to compute body fat percentage. Met4 was computed from systolic blood pressure, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and glucose levels. Relative CRF was longitudinally and negatively associated with Met4 in female children (β = -0.031, p = 0.025), while absolute CRF was positively associated with Met4 in male children and adolescents (β = 0.000, p < 0.05). Relative upper and lower-body MF were longitudinally and negatively associated with Met4 in female adolescents (β = -1.347, β = -0.005, p < 0.05), while absolute lower-body MF was positively associated with Met4 in male children (β = 0.000, p = 0.019). BC was longitudinally and positively associated with Met4 in male children (β-ranging from 0.011 to 0.055, all p < 0.05) and male adolescents (β-ranging from 0.011 to 0.046, all p < 0.05). Conclusion: BC is more strongly associated with Met4 than PF in children and adolescents. An optimal body weight status should be considered the main objective of health-promoting programs at childhood and adolescence. Furthermore, the way of expressing the fitness variables determines the direction of the association with Met4. What is Known: • Physical fitness is an important health indicator in children and adolescents, with great amount of previous evidence supporting the preventive role of maintaining optimal levels of both cardiorespiratory and muscular fitness for future cardiometabolic issues. What is New: • The way of reporting physical fitness variables can affect the associations between physical fitness features and cardiometabolic outcomes. Since body composition variables have a great impact on both physical fitness and cardiometabolic health, relativizing physical fitness performance by body composition could lead to erroneous conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Sánchez-Delgado
- grid.7759.c0000000103580096GALENO Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Cadiz, 11519 Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Alejandro Pérez-Bey
- GALENO Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Cadiz, 11519, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain. .,Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INiBICA), Cádiz, Spain.
| | - Rocío Izquierdo-Gómez
- grid.7759.c0000000103580096GALENO Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Cadiz, 11519 Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain ,grid.512013.4Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INiBICA), Cádiz, Spain
| | - José Jimenez-Iglesias
- grid.7759.c0000000103580096GALENO Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Cadiz, 11519 Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain ,grid.512013.4Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INiBICA), Cádiz, Spain
| | - Ascensión Marcos
- grid.4711.30000 0001 2183 4846Department of Metabolism and Nutrition (DMN) , Institute of Food Science and Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Madrid, 28040 Spain
| | - Sonia Gómez-Martínez
- grid.4711.30000 0001 2183 4846Department of Metabolism and Nutrition (DMN) , Institute of Food Science and Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Madrid, 28040 Spain
| | - María José Girela-Rejón
- grid.4489.10000000121678994Physical Activity for HEaLth Promotion research group (PA-HELP), Faculty of Education Sciences, Department of Didactic of Corporal Expression, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Oscar L Veiga
- grid.5515.40000000119578126EstiLIFE Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Sports and Human Movement, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Castro-Piñero
- grid.7759.c0000000103580096GALENO Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Cadiz, 11519 Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain ,grid.512013.4Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INiBICA), Cádiz, Spain
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15
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Clasey JL, Easley EA, Murphy MO, Kiessling SG, Stromberg A, Schadler A, Huang H, Bauer JA. Body mass index percentiles versus body composition assessments: Challenges for disease risk classifications in children. Front Pediatr 2023; 11:1112920. [PMID: 36937977 PMCID: PMC10020489 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2023.1112920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Identifying at-risk children with optimal specificity and sensitivity to allow for the appropriate intervention strategies to be implemented is crucial to improving the health and well-being of children. We determined relationships of body mass indexes for age and sex percentile (BMI%) classifications to actual body composition using validated and convenient methodologies and compared fat and non-fat mass estimates to normative cut-off reference values to determine guideline reliability. We hypothesized that we would achieve an improved ability to identify at-risk children using simple, non-invasive body composition and index measures. Methods Cross-sectional study of a volunteer convenience sample of 1,064 (537 boys) young children comparing Body Fat Percentage (BF%), Fat Mass Index (FMI), Fat-Free Mass Index (FFMI), determined via rapid bioimpedance methods vs. BMI% in children. Comparisons determined among weight classifications and boys vs. girls. Results Amongst all subjects BMI% was generally correlated to body composition measures and indexes but nearly one quarter of children in the low-risk classifications (healthy weight or overweight BMI%) had higher BF% and/or lower FFMI than recommended standards. Substantial evidence of higher than expected fatness and or sarcopenia was found relative to risk status. Inaccuracies were more common in girls than boys and girls were found to have consistently higher BF% at any BMI%. Conclusions The population studied raises concerns regarding actual risks for children of healthy or overweight categorized BMI% since many had higher than expected BF% and potential sarcopenia. When body composition and FMI and FFMI are used in conjunction with BMI% improved sensitivity, and accuracy of identifying children who may benefit from appropriate interventions results. These additional measures could help guide clinical decision making in settings of disease-risks stratifications and interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jody L. Clasey
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Promotion, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
- Correspondence: Jody L. Clasey
| | - Elizabeth A. Easley
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Promotion, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
- Department of Math, Science, Nursing, Public Health, University of South Carolina Lancaster, Lancaster, SC, United States
| | - Margaret O. Murphy
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Stefan G. Kiessling
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Arnold Stromberg
- Department of Statistics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Aric Schadler
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Hong Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - John A. Bauer
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
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16
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Mørk FB, Madsen JOB, Pilgaard KA, Jensen AK, Klakk H, Tarp J, Bugge A, Heidemann M, Van Hall G, Pociot F, Wedderkopp N, Johannesen J. The metabolic syndrome is frequent in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes compared to healthy controls. Pediatr Diabetes 2022; 23:1064-1072. [PMID: 35678773 DOI: 10.1111/pedi.13378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There is a rise in overweight and obesity among children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1D) in parallel with the rise in the metabolic syndrome (MetS) among children and adolescents. The aim of the study was to describe the prevalence and characteristics of MetS in children and adolescents with T1D compared to their healthy counterparts. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS The study includes two Danish cohorts; (i) the Copenhagen cross sectional cohort 2016 of 277 children and adolescents with T1D that attend the pediatric outpatient clinic at a large hospital in greater Copenhagen and (ii) the CHAMPS-study DK which is a population-based cohort study of Danish children and adolescents (control cohort). Participants were categorized to have MetS if at least two of the following criteria were met: (i) systolic and/or diastolic blood pressure ≥ 90th percentile, (ii) waist circumference ≥90th percentile, and (iii) triglyceride ≥90th percentile and/or HDL ≤10th percentile. RESULTS The prevalence of children with Mets in the T1D cohort was higher than in the control cohort (p = 0.002). Moreover, participants with T1D had MetS at a lower level of BMI (p < 0.001) and waist circumference (p < 0.001) than participants with MetS from the control cohort (z-scores = 0.90 and 1.51). Participants with MetS were younger than the other T1D participants (median 12.8 [9.9,14.8] vs. median 14.6 [11.2,16.9] years, p = 0.006). CONCLUSIONS Children and adolescents with T1D have an increased risk of MetS compared to healthy controls and clinicians and caretakers should consider early prevention and health promotion strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Freja Barrett Mørk
- Department of Clinical Research, Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Gentofte, Denmark.,Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Jens Otto Broby Madsen
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Kasper Ascanius Pilgaard
- Department of Clinical Research, Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Gentofte, Denmark.,Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Andreas Kryger Jensen
- Section of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Heidi Klakk
- Center for Applied Health Science, University College South, Haderslev, Denmark.,Research Unit for Exercise Epidemiology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Jakob Tarp
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Anna Bugge
- Department of Midwifery, Physiotherapy, Occupational Therapy and Psychomotor Therapy, University College Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Malene Heidemann
- Odense University Hospital, Hans Christian Andersen Children's Hospital, Odense, Denmark.,Clinical Institute, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Gerrit Van Hall
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Clinical Metabolomics Core Facility, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Flemming Pociot
- Department of Clinical Research, Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Gentofte, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Niels Wedderkopp
- Odense Patient Data Explorative Network, Institute of Clinical Research OPEN, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.,Pediatric Research Unit, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Jesper Johannesen
- Department of Clinical Research, Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Gentofte, Denmark.,Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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17
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Zare H, Gilmore DR, Meyerson NS, Thorpe RJ. Income Inequality, Race/Ethnicity, and Obesity in U.S. Men 20 Years and Older: 1999 to 2016. Am J Mens Health 2022; 16:15579883221123852. [PMID: 36305637 PMCID: PMC9619283 DOI: 10.1177/15579883221123852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a significant public health problem globally and within the United States. It varies by multiple factors, including but not limited to income. The literature indicates little evidence of the association between income and obesity. We examined the association between income and obesity in U.S. adult men ages 20 years and older and tested racial and ethnic differences. We used data from the 1999 to 2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys for analyses. Obesity was determined using body mass index ≥30 kg/m2. We used poverty income ratio (PIR) as a proxy for income and calculated the Gini coefficient (GC) to measure income inequality. We then categorized low-, medium-, and high PIR to examine the relationship between income inequality and obesity. We used Modified Poisson regression in a sample of 17,238 adult men, including 9,511 White Non-Hispanic White (NHW), 4,166 Non-Hispanic Black (NHB), and 3,561 Mexican Americans (MA). We controlled the models for age category, racial and ethnic groups, marital status, education, health behaviors, health insurance coverage, self-reported health, comorbidity, and household structure. Results of our adjusted models suggested a positive and significant association between PIR and obesity among NHWs and NHBs in medium and high PIR; this association was not significant in MAs. Results of our analyses using GC in obese men indicate that compared with NHWs (GC: 0.306, SE: 0.004), MAs (GC: 0.368, SE: 0.005), and NHBs (GC: 0.328, SE: 0.005) had experienced higher-income inequality. In treating obesity, policymakers should consider race/ethnicity strategies to reduce inequality in income.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Zare
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA,The School of Business, University of Maryland Global Campus, Adelphi, MD, USA,Hossein Zare, Assistant Scientist, Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 624 N. Broadway, Hampton House 337, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
| | - Danielle R. Gilmore
- Trachtenberg School of Public Policy & Administration, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA,Department of Health, Behavior, and Society Program for Research on Men’s Health, Hopkins Center for Health Disparities Solutions, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Nicholas S. Meyerson
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Roland J. Thorpe
- Department of Health, Behavior, and Society Program for Research on Men’s Health, Hopkins Center for Health Disparities Solutions, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
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18
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Ua‐areechit T, Suteerojntrakool O, Pongcharoen T, Winichagoon P, Judprasong K, Murphy‐Alford AJ, Lee WTK, Potip B, Sridonpai P, Tongchom W, Chomtho S. Breastfeeding duration is associated with higher adiposity at 6-8 months of age. MATERNAL & CHILD NUTRITION 2022; 19:e13438. [PMID: 36254499 PMCID: PMC9749609 DOI: 10.1111/mcn.13438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Breastfeeding (BF) has been identified as a protective factor against childhood obesity. However, evidence of the association between BF duration and adiposity remains inconclusive. Few studies have been conducted among Southeast Asian infants that have measured body composition during infancy using the gold standard stable isotope method. This study aimed to evaluate the association between BF duration and body composition during infancy. Healthy full-term Thai infants aged 6-8 months (n = 60) receiving exclusive or predominant BF for at least 3 months were recruited. Skinfold thickness (SFT) was measured by well-trained investigators. Body composition was assessed by the deuterium dilution technique. Infants with longer BF duration (>6 months; mean 7.5 ± 0.5 months, n = 29) had a higher subscapular SFT z-score than those with shorter BF duration (≤6 months; mean 5.3± 0.9 months, n = 31) by 0.48 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.01-0.94). After adjustment for age and sex, BF duration and age at introduction of complementary feeding (CF) were positively associated with fat mass and fat mass index at 6-8 months. One month increase in BF duration and CF age was associated with a 0.37 (95% CI: 0.05, 0.69) kg/m2 and 0.76 (95% CI: 0.18, 1.34) kg/m2 increase in the fat mass index, respectively. After adjusting for infant body mass index (BMI) during the earlier infancy period, the strength of the association was attenuated. This finding may reflect reverse causality where infants with lower BMI received formula or CF earlier. A longitudinal study with follow-up into childhood is warranted to confirm the effects of BF on adiposity in infancy and childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanida Ua‐areechit
- Division of Nutrition, Department of PediatricsKing Chulalongkorn Memorial HospitalBangkokThailand
| | - Orapa Suteerojntrakool
- Pediatric Nutrition Research Unit, Division of Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of MedicineChulalongkorn UniversityBangkokThailand,Ambulatory Division, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of MedicineChulalongkorn UniversityBangkokThailand
| | | | | | | | - Alexia J. Murphy‐Alford
- Nutrition and Health‐Related Environmental Studies Section, Division of Human HealthInternational Atomic Energy AgencyViennaAustria
| | - Warren T. K. Lee
- Regional Office for Asia and the PacificFood and Agriculture Organization of the United NationsBangkokThailand
| | - Bubphachat Potip
- Institute of NutritionMahidol UniversitySalayaNakhon PathomThailand
| | | | - Wanabhorn Tongchom
- Graduate Program in Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi HospitalMahidol UniversityBangkokThailand
| | - Sirinuch Chomtho
- Pediatric Nutrition Research Unit, Division of Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of MedicineChulalongkorn UniversityBangkokThailand
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19
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The relationship between anemia and obesity. Expert Rev Hematol 2022; 15:911-926. [PMID: 36189499 DOI: 10.1080/17474086.2022.2131521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Obesity is linked to a variety of unfavourable outcomes, including anaemia, which is a serious global public health problem. The prevalence of obesity along with anaemia suggests a relationship between obesity and anaemia. Recent studies have demonstrated strong associations between anaemia and obesity, chronic diseases, ageing, hepato-renal impairment, chronic infection, autoimmune diseases, and widespread malignancy. Thus, the intersection point of obesity and anaemia is an important area of attention. AREA COVERED This paper reviews the pathophysiology of obesity and anaemia. Then, It deliberates the relationship between obesity and different types of anaemia and other clinical forms associated with anaemia. EXPERT OPINION Obesity, especially obesity-related to excessive visceral fat distribution, is accompanied by several disturbances at the endothelial, hormonal, and inflammatory levels. These disturbances induce activation of several mechanisms that contribute to the anaemic state. Over-weight patients with chronic anaemias are required to maintain the related vitamins and minerals at optimum levels and appropriate BMI. In addition, a regular clinical follow-up is essential to be scheduled to reduce the risk of complications associated with anaemia in obese patients.
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20
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Equations based on anthropometric measurements for adipose tissue, body fat, or body density prediction in children and adolescents: a scoping review. Eat Weight Disord 2022; 27:2321-2338. [PMID: 35699918 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-022-01405-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Assessing the body composition of children and adolescents is important to monitor their health status. Anthropometric measurements are feasible and less-expensive than other techniques for body composition assessment. This study aimed to systematically map anthropometric equations to predict adipose tissue, body fat, or density in children and adolescents, and to analyze methodological aspects of the development of anthropometric equations using skinfolds. METHODS A scoping review was carried out following the PRISMA-ScR criteria. The search was carried out in eight databases. The methodological structure protocol of this scoping review was retrospectively registered in the Open Science Framework ( https://osf.io/35uhc/ ). RESULTS We included 78 reports and 593 anthropometric equations. The samples consisted of healthy individuals, people with different diseases or disabilities, and athletes from different sports. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) was the reference method most commonly used in developing equations. Triceps and subscapular skinfolds were the anthropometric measurements most frequently used as predictors in the equations. Age, stage of sexual maturation, and peak height velocity were used as complementary variables in the equations. CONCLUSION Our scoping review identified equations proposed for children and adolescents with a great diversity of characteristics. In many of the reports, important methodological aspects were not addressed, a factor that may be associated with equation bias. LEVEL IV Evidence obtained from multiple time series analysis such as case studies. (NB: dramatic results in uncontrolled trials might also be regarded as this type of evidence).
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21
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Giri Ravindran S, Saha D, Iqbal I, Jhaveri S, Avanthika C, Naagendran MS, Bethineedi LD, Santhosh T. The Obesity Paradox in Chronic Heart Disease and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Cureus 2022; 14:e25674. [PMID: 35812616 PMCID: PMC9259072 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.25674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity in recent years has become an epidemic. A high body mass index (BMI) is one of today's most crucial population health indicators. BMI does not directly quantify body fat but correlates well with easier body fat measurements. Like smoking, obesity impacts multiple organ systems and is a major modifiable risk factor for countless diseases. Despite this, reports have emerged that obesity positively impacts the prognosis of patients with chronic illnesses such as chronic heart failure (CHF) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), a phenomenon known as the Obesity Paradox. This article attempts to explain and summarize this phenomenon. As it stands, two theories explain this paradox. The muscle mass hypothesis states that obese patients are better adapted to tide through acute exacerbations due to increased reserve because of greater muscle mass. The other theory focuses on brown adipose tissue and its anti-inflammatory effects on the body. We performed a literature review on research articles published in English from 1983 to the present in the following databases - PubMed, Elsevier, and Google Scholar. The following search strings and Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) terms were used: "Obesity," "Heart Failure," "COPD," and "Cardio-Respiratory Fitness." In this review, we looked at the obesity paradox in Heart Failure and COPD. We summarized the current literature on the Obesity Paradox and reviewed its relationship with Cardio-Respiratory Fitness.
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22
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Monroe EJ, Hardy R, Holmquist J, Brand JC. Obesity and Reverse Total Shoulder Arthroplasty. Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med 2022; 15:180-186. [PMID: 35511332 DOI: 10.1007/s12178-022-09753-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Rates of obesity and reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (rTSA) in the USA have both escalated with time. Obese patients experience arthritis at higher rates than normal weight patients; therefore, these numbers go hand in hand. Obesity has been correlated with health comorbidities such as anxiety, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome as well as poorer outcomes and higher complication rates following lower extremity arthroplasty. The current review investigates these comorbidities as they relate to obese patients undergoing rTSA. RECENT FINDINGS Functional outcomes are similar to normal weight counterparts. Although longer operative times and a large soft tissue envelope would intuitively predispose these patients to higher risk for infection or other complications, this has not been reliably demonstrated. Technical considerations and awareness of potential risks in the obese patient demographic may aid the surgeon in preoperative planning and counseling of their patient. Obese patients undergoing rTSA have been shown to have higher risks specifically for infection, revision, and medical complications; however, this has not been consistently demonstrated in the single surgeon series where, more often, no difference in these metrics has been found. Outcomes measures and satisfaction are reliably improved, even when considering superobese patients, and majority of studies find their improvements and absolute values to be in line with their normal weight counterparts. Thus, rTSA does not seem to carry the same level of adverse risk associated with lower joint arthroplasty but potential for higher risk still bears consideration when counseling obese patients. Attention to factors that may negatively affect prosthesis positioning may optimize retention rates and limit early failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily J Monroe
- Heartland Orthopedic Specialists, 111 17th Ave E, Ste 101, Alexandria, MN, 56308, USA.
| | - Richard Hardy
- Heartland Orthopedic Specialists, 111 17th Ave E, Ste 101, Alexandria, MN, 56308, USA
| | - James Holmquist
- Heartland Orthopedic Specialists, 111 17th Ave E, Ste 101, Alexandria, MN, 56308, USA
| | - Jefferson C Brand
- Heartland Orthopedic Specialists, 111 17th Ave E, Ste 101, Alexandria, MN, 56308, USA
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23
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Vike NL, Bari S, Susnjar A, Lee T, Lycke RJ, Auger J, Music J, Nauman E, Talavage TM, Rispoli J. American football position-specific neurometabolic changes in high school athletes - a magnetic resonance spectroscopic study. J Neurotrauma 2022; 39:1168-1182. [PMID: 35414265 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2021.0186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Reports estimate between 1.6-3.8 million sports-related concussions occur annually, with 30% occurring in youth male American football athletes. Many studies report neurophysiological changes in these athletes, but the exact reasons for these changes remain elusive. Investigation of injury mechanics highlights a need to address how player position might impact these changes. Here, 55 high school American football athletes (20 linemen; 35 non-linemen) underwent magnetic resonance spectroscopy four times over the course of a football season (once prior to the season (Pre), twice during (In1, In2), and once following (Post)) to quantify metabolites (N-acetyl aspartate, choline, creatine, myo-inositol, and glutamate/glutamine) in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and primary motor cortex (M1). Head acceleration events (HAEs) were monitored at each practice and game. Spectroscopic and HAE data were analyzed by imaging session and player position. Linear regression analyses were conducted between metabolite levels and HAEs, and metabolite levels in football athletes were compared to age-and gender-matched non-contact athletes. Across-season (i.e., between Pre and In1, In2, Post), different DLPFC and M1 metabolites decreased (p<0.05) according to player position (i.e., linemen vs. non-linemen). The majority of regression results involved DLPFC metabolites in linemen, where metabolite levels were higher, from Pre to Post, with increasing HAE load. Comparisons with control athletes revealed higher metabolite levels in football athletes both before and after the season. This study highlights the importance of player position when conducting analyses on American football athletes and demonstrates elevated DLPFC and M1 brain metabolites in football athletes compared to control athletes at both Pre and Post, suggesting potential HAE-related neurocompensatory mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole L Vike
- Northwestern University, 3270, Chicago, Illinois, United States.,Purdue University, 311308, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States;
| | - Sumra Bari
- Northwestern University, 3270, Chicago, Illinois, United States.,Purdue University, 311308, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States;
| | - Antonia Susnjar
- Purdue University, 311308, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States;
| | - Taylor Lee
- Purdue University, 311308, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States;
| | - Roy J Lycke
- Purdue University, 311308, Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States;
| | - Joshua Auger
- Purdue University, 311308, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States;
| | - Jacob Music
- Purdue University, 311308, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States;
| | - Eric Nauman
- Purdue University, School of Mechanical Engineering, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States.,University of Cincinnati, 2514, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States;
| | - Thomas M Talavage
- Purdue University, 311308, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States.,University of Cincinnati, 2514, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States;
| | - Joseph Rispoli
- Purdue University, 311308, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States;
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24
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van Beijsterveldt IA, Snowden SG, Myers PN, de Fluiter KS, van de Heijning B, Brix S, Ong KK, Dunger DB, Hokken‐Koelega AC, Koulman A. Metabolomics in early life and the association with body composition at age 2 years. Pediatr Obes 2022; 17:e12859. [PMID: 34644810 PMCID: PMC9286420 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.12859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Early life is a critical window for adiposity programming. Metabolic-profile in early life may reflect this programming and correlate with later life adiposity. We investigated if metabolic-profile at 3 months of age is predictive for body composition at 2 years and if there are differences between boys and girls and between infant feeding types. METHODS In 318 healthy term-born infants, we determined body composition with skinfold measurements and abdominal ultrasound at 3 months and 2 years of age. High-throughput-metabolic-profiling was performed on 3-month-blood-samples. Using random-forest-machine-learning-models, we studied if the metabolic-profile at 3 months can predict body composition outcomes at 2 years of age. RESULTS Plasma metabolite-profile at 3 months was found to predict body composition at 2 years, based on truncal: peripheral-fat-skinfold-ratio (T:P-ratio), with a predictive value of 75.8%, sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 50%. Predictive value was higher in boys (Q2 = 0.322) than girls (Q2 = 0.117). Of the 15 metabolite variables most strongly associated with T:P-ratio, 11 were also associated with visceral fat at 2 years of age. CONCLUSION Several plasma metabolites (LysoPC(22:2), dimethylarginine and others) at 3 months associate with body composition outcome at 2 years. These results highlight the importance of the first months of life for adiposity programming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inge A.L.P. van Beijsterveldt
- Department of Pediatrics, Subdivision of EndocrinologyErasmus University Medical Center/Sophia Children's HospitalRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Stuart G. Snowden
- Core Metabolomics and Lipidomics Laboratory, Metabolic Research LaboratoriesInstitute of Metabolic Science, University of CambridgeCambridgeUK,Department of Biological SciencesRoyal Holloway University of LondonEghamUK
| | - Pernille Neve Myers
- Department of Biotechnology and BiomedicineTechnical University of DenmarkKgs. LyngbyDenmark,Clinical‐Microbiomics A/SCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Kirsten S. de Fluiter
- Department of Pediatrics, Subdivision of EndocrinologyErasmus University Medical Center/Sophia Children's HospitalRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | | | - Susanne Brix
- Department of Biotechnology and BiomedicineTechnical University of DenmarkKgs. LyngbyDenmark
| | - Ken K. Ong
- Medical Research Council Epidemiology UnitUniversity of Cambridge, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical CampusCambridgeUK
| | | | - Anita C.S. Hokken‐Koelega
- Department of Pediatrics, Subdivision of EndocrinologyErasmus University Medical Center/Sophia Children's HospitalRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Albert Koulman
- Core Metabolomics and Lipidomics Laboratory, Metabolic Research LaboratoriesInstitute of Metabolic Science, University of CambridgeCambridgeUK
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25
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Kjaer ASL, Petersen JH, Cleemann Wang A, Juul K, Schmidt IM, Main KM, Juul A, Jensen RB. Clinical assessment of blood pressure in 60 girls with Turner syndrome compared to 1888 healthy Danish girls. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2022; 96:428-438. [PMID: 34995381 DOI: 10.1111/cen.14669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Hypertension contributes to increased risk of cardiovascular disease in patients with Turner syndrome (TS). Our objective was to evaluate blood pressure (BP) in girls with TS followed longitudinally through childhood and adolescence compared to a newly established BP reference material. DESIGN Cohort study with data collected from 1991 to 2019 consisting of a population-based reference cohort and a group of girls with TS followed at a single tertiary centre. PATIENTS/PARTICIPANTS Reference population of 1888 healthy girls with 4890 BP recordings and 60 girls with TS with 365 BP recordings. MEASUREMENTS Difference in diastolic BP (DBP) and systolic BP (SBP), expressed in standard deviation scores (SDS), between girls with TS and the reference population, unadjusted and adjusted for BMI. Difference in BP (SDS) between TS subgroups (karyotype, oestrogen treatment, cardiac diagnosis). RESULTS The girls with TS had significantly higher DBP (mean ± SD, 0.72 SDS ± 0.95; p < .001) and SBP (0.53 SDS ± 1.11; p = .001) than the reference population. Adjusted for BMI, girls with TS had significantly higher DBP (mean ± SE, 0.71 SDS ± 0.12; p < .001) but not SBP (0.17 SDS ± 0.16; p = .29). There was no significant difference in DBP (median, IQR: 0.97 SDS, 0.30-1.58 vs. 0.76 SDS, 0.10-1.20; p = .31) or SBP (0.51 SDS, 0.15-1.30 vs. 0.57 SDS, -0.30 to 1.05; p = .67) between individuals with or without a cardiac diagnosis. In the TS population, 55% (31/56) had at least one BP recording above the hypertension threshold. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that standardised longitudinal routine monitoring of BP in girls with TS already in childhood is of utmost importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Sophie L Kjaer
- Department of Growth and Reproduction and EDMaRC, Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jørgen H Petersen
- Department of Growth and Reproduction and EDMaRC, Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Amanda Cleemann Wang
- Department of Growth and Reproduction and EDMaRC, Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Klaus Juul
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ida M Schmidt
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Katharina M Main
- Department of Growth and Reproduction and EDMaRC, Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anders Juul
- Department of Growth and Reproduction and EDMaRC, Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rikke Beck Jensen
- Department of Growth and Reproduction and EDMaRC, Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
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26
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Mørk FCB, Madsen JOB, Jensen AK, Hall GV, Pilgaard KA, Pociot F, Johannesen J. Differences in insulin sensitivity in the partial remission phase of childhood type 1 diabetes; a longitudinal cohort study. Diabet Med 2022; 39:e14702. [PMID: 34564895 DOI: 10.1111/dme.14702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Studies suggest that type 1 diabetes (T1D) contributes to impaired insulin sensitivity (IS). Most children with T1D experience partial remission but the knowledge regarding the magnitude and implications of impaired IS in this phase is limited. Therefore, we investigate the impact of IS on the partial remission phase. METHODS In a longitudinal study of children and adolescents, participants were seen at three clinical visits during the first 14.5 months after diagnosis of T1D. Partial remission was defined as IDAA1c (HbA1c (%) + 4*daily insulin dose) ≤ 9. Beta-cell function was considered significant by a stimulated c-peptide > 300 pmol/L. Participants were characterized by (i) remission or non-remission and (ii) stimulated c-peptide levels above or below 300 pmol/L. IS, body mass index (BMI), total body fat, sex, age, pubertal status and ketoacidosis at onset were compared. RESULTS Seventy-eight children and adolescents aged 3.3-17.7 years were included. At 14.5 months post-diagnosis, 54.5% of the participants with stimulated c-peptide > 300 pmol/L were not in partial remission. Participants not in remission had significant lower IS 2.5 (p = 0.032), and 14.5 (p = 0.022) months after diagnosis compared to participants in partial remission with similar c-peptide levels. IS did not fluctuate during the remission phase. CONCLUSIONS A number of children and adolescents have impaired IS in the remission phase of paediatric T1D and are not in remission 14.5 months after diagnosis despite stimulated c-peptide > 300 pmol/L.
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Affiliation(s)
- Freja C B Mørk
- Department of Clinical Research, Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Gentofte, Denmark
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Jens Otto B Madsen
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Andreas K Jensen
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Biostatistics, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gerrit V Hall
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Clinical Metabolomics Core Facility, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kasper A Pilgaard
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Nordsjaellands Hospital, Hillerød, Denmark
| | - Flemming Pociot
- Department of Clinical Research, Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Gentofte, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jesper Johannesen
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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27
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Santos RMD, Nobre IG, Santos GCJ, Oliveira TLPSDA, Ribeiro IDC, Santos MAMD, Pirola L, Leandro CG. Validity and accuracy of body fat prediction equations using anthropometric measurements in children 7 – 10 years old. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE CINEANTROPOMETRIA E DESEMPENHO HUMANO 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/1980-0037.2022v24e86719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
abstract Children with a deficit of growth because of perinatal malnutrition present specificities in the percentage of body fat (%BF) that could not be detected by previous fat mass-based equations. This study developed and validated predictive equations of the %BF derived from anthropometric variables in children aged 7 to 10 living in Northeast Brazil, using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) as a reference. Body composition data from 58 children were utilized. DXA was used as a reference. A stepwise (forward) multiple regression statistical model was used to develop the new equations. The Bland-Altman analysis (CI: 95%), paired Student's t-test, and the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was used to validate and compare the developed equations. Two new equations were developed for either gender: boys: %BF: 13.642 + (1.527*BMI) + (-0.345*Height) + (0.875*Triceps) + (0.290* Waist Circumference) and girls: %BF: -13.445 + (2.061*Tight). The Bland-Altman analysis showed good agreement, with limits ranging from -1.33 to 1.24% for boys and -3.35 to 4.08% for girls. The paired Student’s t-test showed no difference between %BF-DXA and the two new equations (p> 0.05), and the ICC was 0.948 and 0.915, respectively. DXA-based anthropometric equations provide an accurate and noninvasive method to measure changes in the %BF in children.
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28
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Upners EN, Ljubicic ML, Busch AS, Fischer MB, Almstrup K, Petersen JH, Jensen RB, Hagen CP, Juul A. Dynamic Changes in Serum IGF-I and Growth During Infancy: Associations to Body Fat, Target Height, and PAPPA2 Genotype. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2022; 107:219-229. [PMID: 34476481 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgab653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT IGF-I is important for postnatal growth and may be of diagnostic value in infants suspected of pituitary disease; however, little is known about the impact of IGF-I and its determinants on infant growth. Importantly, detailed reference ranges for IGF-I and IGF binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) concentrations during infancy are lacking. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the rapid changes in weight and length as well as their determinants in healthy infants, and to establish age- and sex-specific reference curves for IGF-I and IGFBP-3 in children aged 0 to 1 years. DESIGN Prospective longitudinal study. SETTING Cohort study. PARTICIPANTS A total of 233 healthy children (114 girls) with repeated blood samples during the first year of life. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Serum concentrations of IGF-I and IGFBP-3, length velocity, weight velocity, and PAPPA2 (rs1325598) genotype. RESULTS Individual trajectories of length and weight velocities were sex specific. We provide detailed reference curves based on longitudinal data for IGF-I and IGFBP-3 during infancy. In both girls and boys, IGF-I decreased during infancy, whereas IGFBP-3 remained stable. IGF-I and IGFBP-3, but not PAPPA2 genotype, were positively associated with weight gain, but not with longitudinal growth. When stratified by sex, the association between weight gain and IGF-I only remained significant in girls. CONCLUSIONS Interestingly, we found a significant association between IGF-I and infant weight gain in girls, but not with longitudinal growth in the first year of life. Our findings highlight the role of IGF-I as an important anabolic hormone that is not limited to linear growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmie N Upners
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- International Center for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marie Lindhardt Ljubicic
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- International Center for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Alexander S Busch
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- International Center for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Margit Bistrup Fischer
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- International Center for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kristian Almstrup
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- International Center for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jørgen H Petersen
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- International Center for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rikke Beck Jensen
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- International Center for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Casper P Hagen
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- International Center for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anders Juul
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- International Center for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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29
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Kałużna M, Czlapka-Matyasik M, Kompf P, Moczko J, Wachowiak-Ochmańska K, Janicki A, Samarzewska K, Ruchała M, Ziemnicka K. Lipid ratios and obesity indices are effective predictors of metabolic syndrome in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Ther Adv Endocrinol Metab 2022; 13:20420188211066699. [PMID: 35035875 PMCID: PMC8755932 DOI: 10.1177/20420188211066699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insulin resistance (IR) is common in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Metabolic syndrome (MS) involves IR, arterial hypertension, dyslipidemia, and visceral fat accumulation. Therefore, fatness indices and blood lipid ratios can be considered as screening markers for MS. Our study aimed to evaluate the predictive potential of selected indirect metabolic risk parameters to identify MS in PCOS. METHODS This cross-sectional study involved 596 women aged 18-40 years, including 404 PCOS patients diagnosed according to the Rotterdam criteria and 192 eumenorrheic controls (CON). Anthropometric and blood pressure measurements were taken, and blood samples were collected to assess glucose metabolism, lipid parameters, and selected hormone levels. Body mass index (BMI), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR), visceral adiposity index (VAI), lipid accumulation product (LAP), non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C), and triglycerides-to-HDL cholesterol ratio (TG/HDL-C) were calculated. MS was assessed using the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) and the American Heart Association/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (AHA/NHLBI) criteria. RESULTS MS prevalence was significantly higher in PCOS versus CON. Patients with both MS and PCOS had more unfavorable anthropometric, hormonal, and metabolic profiles versus those with neither MS nor PCOS and versus CON with MS. LAP, TG/HDL-C, VAI, and WHtR were the best markers and strongest indicators of MS in PCOS, and their cut-off values could be useful for early MS detection. MS risk in PCOS increased with elevated levels of these markers and was the highest when TG/HDL-C was used. CONCLUSIONS LAP, TG/HDL-C, VAI, and WHtR are representative markers for MS assessment in PCOS. Their predictive power makes them excellent screening tools for internists and enables acquiring accurate diagnoses using fewer MS markers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Pola Kompf
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and
Internal Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan,
Poland
| | - Jerzy Moczko
- Department of Computer Science and Statistics,
Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | | | - Adam Janicki
- Heliodor Świȩcicki Clinical Hospital, Poznan,
Poland
| | - Karolina Samarzewska
- Department of Clinical Auxiology and Pediatric
Nursing, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Marek Ruchała
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and
Internal Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan,
Poland
| | - Katarzyna Ziemnicka
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and
Internal Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan,
Poland
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Papadopoulou SK, Feidantsis KG, Hassapidou MN, Methenitis S. The Specific Impact of Nutrition and Physical Activity on Adolescents' Body Composition and Energy Balance. RESEARCH QUARTERLY FOR EXERCISE AND SPORT 2021; 92:736-746. [PMID: 32852255 DOI: 10.1080/02701367.2020.1773374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: The aim of the present study was to identify the contribution of nutrition, physical activity (PA), and total energy intake and expenditure on body weight and composition in adolescents. Methods: Body composition, PA, and dietary intakes from 904 Greek adolescents (446 boys and 458 girls; Age: 14.6 ± 1.5 yrs), were evaluated. All participants were assigned into three groups according to their age-sex adjusted Fat Mass Index: (A) Normal weight (N; N = 503), (B) Overweight (OW; N = 253), and (C) Obese (O; N = 148). Results: Significant differences were found for body weight and composition, basal metabolic rate (BMR) expressed per kg of body mass (normal weight children exhibited the highest values), physical-total energy expenditure, and energy balances between the groups (η2: 0.138 to 0.657; p < .05). In contrast, no differences were found for macronutrients' and total energy intakes, food consumption and quality (η2: 0.002 to 0.099; p > .05) between the three examined groups. Strong, negative correlations were observed between body weight, body fat percentage, PA, and total energy expenditure (r: -0.311 to -0.810; p < .001). Lower, negative correlations were found between body weight, body fat percentage, and macronutrients' daily intakes (r:-0.235 to -0.432; p < .05). BMR and total energy expenditure had strong, negative relative strengths for the determination of body weight and fat percentage. Conclusions: In conclusion, it seems that BMR, PA, and total daily energy expenditure expressed per body weight and not the nutritional and total energy intakes, were the primary determinant parameters of body composition and weight in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Spyridon Methenitis
- International Hellenic University
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens
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31
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Hunt ET, Armstrong B, Turner-McGrievy BM, Beets MW, Weaver RG. Differences by School Location in Summer and School Monthly Weight Change: Findings from a Nationally Representative Sample. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182111610. [PMID: 34770133 PMCID: PMC8583544 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182111610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine changes in accelerations of Body Mass Index (BMI), age-and-sex specific body mass index (zBMI), and 95th percentile of BMI (%BMIp95) during the summer months and school year by school location designation (i.e., urban, suburban, exurban). This study utilized the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study Kindergarten Class of 2010-2011. METHODS Of the 18,174 children in the ECLS-K:2011 dataset, I restricted participants to those with at least two consecutive measures that occurred August/September or April/May. Mixed-effect regression analyses estimated differences in monthly change in BMI, zBMI, and %BMIp95 between the summer and school year while accounting for the ECLS-K complex sampling design. Models also examined differences in the magnitude of BMI, zBMI, and %BMIp95 change between the summer and school year by school location. Post-hoc Benjamini-Hochberg (BH) procedure set at 10% false discovery was incorporated to account for multiple comparisons. RESULTS A total of 1549 children (48% female, 42% White) had at least two consecutive measures that occurred in August/September or April/May. Among all locale classifications (i.e., urban, suburban, and exurban), children from high-income households comprised the largest proportions for each group (31%, 39%, and 37%), respectively. Among urban and suburban locations, Hispanic children comprised the largest proportions for both groups (43% and 44%), respectively. Among exurban locale classifications, White children comprised the largest proportion of children (60%). Children from suburban and exurban schools experienced significantly less accelerations in monthly zBMI gain when compared to their urban counterparts -0.038 (95CI = -0.071, -0.004) and -0.045 (95CI = -0.083, -0.007), respectively. Children from exurban schools experienced significantly less acceleration in monthly %BMIp95 during the summer months when compared to the school year -0.004 (95CI = -0.007, 0.000). CONCLUSIONS This is one of the first studies to examine summer weight gain by school location. Summer appears to impact children more negatively from urban schools when compared to their suburban and exurban counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethan T. Hunt
- Michael and Susan Dell Center for Healthy Living, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Austin Campus, Austin, TX 78701, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-512-391-1356
| | - Bridget Armstrong
- Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA; (B.A.); (M.W.B.); (R.G.W.)
| | - Brie M. Turner-McGrievy
- Department of Health Education & Behavior, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA;
| | - Michael W. Beets
- Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA; (B.A.); (M.W.B.); (R.G.W.)
| | - Robert G. Weaver
- Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA; (B.A.); (M.W.B.); (R.G.W.)
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32
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Bridger Staatz C, Kelly Y, Lacey RE, Blodgett JM, George A, Arnot M, Walker E, Hardy R. Socioeconomic position and body composition in childhood in high- and middle-income countries: a systematic review and narrative synthesis. Int J Obes (Lond) 2021; 45:2316-2334. [PMID: 34315999 PMCID: PMC8528703 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-021-00899-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relation between socioeconomic position (SEP) and obesity measured by body mass index (BMI), a measure of weight for height, has been extensively reviewed in children, showing consistent associations between disadvantaged SEP and higher BMI in high-income countries (HICs) and lower BMI in middle-income countries (MICs). Fat mass (FM), a more accurate measure of adiposity, and fat-free mass (FFM) are not captured by BMI, but have been shown to track from childhood to adulthood, and be important for cardiovascular health and functional outcomes in later life. It is not clear whether body composition is associated with SEP. We systematically reviewed the association between SEP and body composition in childhood. METHODS A systematic review was carried out following PRISMA guidelines. The protocol was pre-registered with PROSPERO (CRD42019119937). Original studies in the English language, which examined the association between SEP and body composition in childhood, were included. An electronic search of three databases was conducted. Two independent reviewers carried out screening, data extraction and quality assessment. Due to heterogeneity in results, a narrative synthesis was conducted. Heterogeneity in findings according to SEP, sex, body composition measure and country income level was investigated. RESULTS 50 papers were included, the majority from HICs. No papers were from low-income countries. Disadvantage in childhood was associated with greater FM and lower FFM in HICs, but with lower FM and lower FFM in MICs. When measures of FFM indexed to height were used there was no evidence of associations with SEP. In HICs, more studies reported associations between disadvantaged SEP and higher FM among girls comparative to boys. CONCLUSIONS Inequalities in FM are evident in HICs and, in the opposite direction, in MICs and follow similar trends to inequalities for BMI. Inequalities in height are likely important in understanding inequalities in FFM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charis Bridger Staatz
- Social Research Institute, Institute of Education, University College London, London, UK.
| | - Yvonne Kelly
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Rebecca E Lacey
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Joanna M Blodgett
- Institute of Sport Exercise and Health, Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - Anitha George
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Megan Arnot
- Department of Anthropology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Emma Walker
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Rebecca Hardy
- Social Research Institute, Institute of Education, University College London, London, UK
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33
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Elazeem MRA, Eltohamy AM, Ali MS. Association between body mass index and spatial gait parameters in primary school children. BULLETIN OF FACULTY OF PHYSICAL THERAPY 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s43161-021-00037-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Increasing BMI is associated with increased risk of mortality, cardiovascular disease, and some cancers whereas a lower BMI is associated with an increased risk of mortality, postsurgical complications, infection, and length of hospital stay as a result. Locomotion is a unique feature of the animal kingdom. It allows individuals to meet others, to find better food and a better climate, to pursue prey, or to escape impending danger. The aim of the current study was to determine the correlation between body mass index (BMI) and spatial gait parameters in primary school children.
Results
A total of 320 healthy children from primary schools were enrolled. The participants comprised 185 boys and 135 girls with a mean age of 10.05 ± 0.95 years, mean weight of 38.49 ± 12.2 kg, a mean height of 139.25 ± 10.12 cm, and a mean BMI of 19.35 ± 4.55 kg/m2. BMI was evaluated by the KINLEE Electronic Personal Scale with Height Measurement and CDC charts for boys and girls and equation of BMI. Spatial gait parameters were evaluated by a pediatric run-based anaerobic sprint test with an Omron pedometer to assess step and stride length.
Statistical analysis was performed by Pearson’s correlation coefficient to study the relationship between variables. A correlation was performed between the variables, and the coefficient of determination was calculated. The significance level was set at 5% for all analyses. There was no significant relationship between BMI and spatial gait parameters (step length and stride length) (r = 0.008, p = 0.88 and r = 0.02, p = 0.7, respectively).
Conclusion
According to the results, we concluded that there was no significant relationship between BMI and the measured gait parameters (step length and stride length).
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Andreassen SM, Ekelund U, Bernhardsen GP. No association between maternal exercise during pregnancy and the child's weight status at age 7 years: The MoBa study. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2021; 31:1991-2001. [PMID: 34228833 DOI: 10.1111/sms.14015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Maternal lifestyle during pregnancy may affect the development of overweight and obesity in the child. We examined whether maternal exercise during pregnancy is associated with offspring overweight and obesity in childhood. A secondary aim was to examine whether the association is affected by the child's physical activity level. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study is based on data from the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study (MoBa), including 44 352 pregnancies and children (n = 32 304 in week 17 and n = 32 419 in week 30 in the final adjusted model). Maternal exercise during pregnancy was self-reported in gestational weeks 17 and 30. We conducted linear and logistic regression separately for girls and boys, and outcomes were the child's body mass index (BMI) and weight status (overweight/obese) at age 7 years. We further examined the additive joint association between maternal exercise during pregnancy and the child's leisure time physical activity on weight status at age 7 years. RESULTS In total, 12.4% of the children were classified as overweight or obese, and 1.7% as obese. The results suggest no association between maternal exercise in both gestational weeks 17 and 30 and the weight status of the child at age 7 years. The association between maternal exercise and the child's weight status at age 7 years appears not to be affected by the child's physical activity level. CONCLUSION Maternal exercise level during pregnancy does not appear to be associated with the child's BMI or odds of being overweight or obese in childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ulf Ekelund
- Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sports Sciences, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Chronic Diseases and Ageing, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Guro Pauck Bernhardsen
- Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sports Sciences, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Research and Development, Division of Mental Health Services, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
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Thomsen ML, Henriksen LS, Tinggaard J, Nielsen F, Jensen TK, Main KM. Associations between exposure to perfluoroalkyl substances and body fat evaluated by DXA and MRI in 109 adolescent boys. Environ Health 2021; 20:73. [PMID: 34187491 PMCID: PMC8244201 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-021-00758-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) has been associated with changes in body mass index and adiposity, but evidence is inconsistent as study design, population age, follow-up periods and exposure levels vary between studies. We investigated associations between PFAS exposure and body fat in a cross-sectional study of healthy boys. METHODS In 109 boys (10-14 years old), magnetic resonance imaging and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry were performed to evaluate abdominal, visceral fat, total body, android, gynoid, android/gynoid ratio, and total fat percentage standard deviation score. Serum was analysed for perfluorooctanoic acid, perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS), perfluorohexane sulfonic acid, perfluorononanoic acid, and perfluorodecanoic acid using liquid chromatography and triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. Data were analysed by multivariate linear regression. RESULTS Serum concentrations of PFASs were low. Generally, no clear associations between PFAS exposure and body fat measures were found; however, PFOS was negatively associated with abdominal fat (β = -0.18, P = 0.046), android fat (β = -0.34, P = 0.022), android/gynoid ratio (β = -0.21, P = 0.004), as well as total body fat (β = -0.21, P = 0.079) when adjusting for Tanner stage. CONCLUSIONS Overall, we found no consistent associations between PFAS exposure and body fat. This could be due to our cross-sectional study design. Furthermore, we assessed PFAS exposure in adolescence and not in utero, which is considered a more vulnerable time window of exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde Lolk Thomsen
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital – Rigshospitalet and Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- International Center for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Louise Scheutz Henriksen
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital – Rigshospitalet and Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- International Center for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jeanette Tinggaard
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital – Rigshospitalet and Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- International Center for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Flemming Nielsen
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Tina Kold Jensen
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital – Rigshospitalet and Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- International Center for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Katharina M. Main
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital – Rigshospitalet and Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- International Center for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Wohlfahrt-Veje C, Tinggaard J, Juul A, Toppari J, Skakkebæk NE, Main KM. Pubarche and Gonadarche Onset and Progression Are Differently Associated With Birth Weight and Infancy Growth Patterns. J Endocr Soc 2021; 5:bvab108. [PMID: 34250379 PMCID: PMC8262798 DOI: 10.1210/jendso/bvab108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Context Controversy exists regarding associations between early-life growth patterns and timing of puberty. Objective This work aims to investigate associations between birth anthropometry, early growth patterns, and onset/progression of pubertal milestones in boys and girls. Methods Among children examined at birth (1997-2003) and at age 36 months in a mother-child cohort, pubertal Tanner stages (B1-5, PH1-5, G1-5) and testicular volume were examined by trained physicians at 1 to 5 follow-up examinations during childhood and adolescence (672 girls and 846 boys, 2006-2013).With parametric survival models we analyzed associations between birth weight, changes in SD scores (SDS) from birth to 36 months (ΔSDS 0-36 > 0.67 SD defining catch-up growth), and age at pubertal onset/attainment of late pubertal stages/menarche. Results A 1-kg higher birth weight was associated with earlier onset of B2+ (thelarche): -3.9 months (CI, -6.7 to -1.1 months), G2+ (gonadarche): -2.7 months (-5.3 to -0.1 months), Tvol3+ (testis size > 3 mL): -2.8 months (CI, -4.9 to -0.7 months), but with later G4+ and PH4+ in boys, and a slower progression from B2 to menarche (5.3 months [CI, 1.2 to 9.4 months]) in girls. Catch-up growth was associated with earlier PH2+ (pubarche) in girls (-4.1 months [CI, -7.6 to -0.6 months]), earlier PH2+ in boys (-3.4 months [CI, -6.6 to -0.2 months]), faster progression from B2 to menarche in girls (-9.1 months [CI, 14.6 to 3.5 months]), and earlier G4+ and PH4+ in boys. Conclusion Associations between birthweight and infancy catch-up growth differed for gonadarche and pubarche, and for early and late pubertal markers, with similar patterns in both sexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Wohlfahrt-Veje
- Department of Growth and Reproduction and EDMaRC, Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.,International Center for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jeanette Tinggaard
- Department of Growth and Reproduction and EDMaRC, Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.,International Center for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anders Juul
- Department of Growth and Reproduction and EDMaRC, Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.,International Center for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jorma Toppari
- International Center for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.,Institute of Biomedicine, Research Center of Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Turku, and Department of Pediatrics, Turku University Hospital, 20521 Turku, Finland
| | - Niels E Skakkebæk
- Department of Growth and Reproduction and EDMaRC, Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.,International Center for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Katharina M Main
- Department of Growth and Reproduction and EDMaRC, Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.,International Center for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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37
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Stinson SE, Jonsson AE, Lund MAV, Frithioff-Bøjsøe C, Aas Holm L, Pedersen O, Ängquist L, Sørensen TIA, Holst JJ, Christiansen M, Holm JC, Hartmann B, Hansen T. Fasting Plasma GLP-1 Is Associated With Overweight/Obesity and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Children and Adolescents. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2021; 106:1718-1727. [PMID: 33596309 PMCID: PMC8118577 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgab098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT The importance of fasting glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) in altered metabolic outcomes has been questioned. OBJECTIVE This work aimed to assess whether fasting GLP-1 differs in children and adolescents with overweight/obesity compared to a population-based reference, and whether concentrations predict cardiometabolic risk (CMR) factors. METHODS Analyses were based on The Danish Childhood Obesity Data- and Biobank, a cross-sectional study including children and adolescents, aged 6 to 19 years, from an obesity clinic group (n = 1978) and from a population-based group (n = 2334). Fasting concentrations of plasma total GLP-1 and quantitative CMR factors were assessed. The effects of GLP-1 as a predictor of CMR risk outcomes were examined by multiple linear and logistic regression modeling. RESULTS The obesity clinic group had higher fasting GLP-1 concentrations (median 3.3 pmol/L; interquartile range, 2.3-4.3 pmol/L) than the population-based group (2.8 pmol/L; interquartile range, 2.1-3.8 pmol/L; P < 2.2E-16). Body mass index SD score (SDS), waist circumference, and total body fat percentage were significant predictors of fasting GLP-1 concentrations in boys and girls. Fasting GLP-1 concentrations were positively associated with homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, fasting values of insulin, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, C-peptide, triglycerides, alanine transaminase (ALT), glycated hemoglobin A1c, and SDS of diastolic and systolic blood pressure. A 1-SD increase in fasting GLP-1 was associated with an increased risk of insulin resistance (odds ratio [OR] 1.59), dyslipidemia (OR 1.16), increased ALT (OR 1.14), hyperglycemia (OR 1.12) and hypertension (OR 1.12). CONCLUSION Overweight/obesity in children and adolescents is associated with increased fasting plasma total GLP-1 concentrations, which was predictive of higher CMR factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara E Stinson
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Anna E Jonsson
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Morten A V Lund
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N, Denmark
- The Children’s Obesity Clinic, accredited European Centre for Obesity Management, Department of Pediatrics, Copenhagen University Hospital Holbæk, Holbæk, Denmark
| | - Christine Frithioff-Bøjsøe
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N, Denmark
- The Children’s Obesity Clinic, accredited European Centre for Obesity Management, Department of Pediatrics, Copenhagen University Hospital Holbæk, Holbæk, Denmark
| | - Louise Aas Holm
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N, Denmark
- The Children’s Obesity Clinic, accredited European Centre for Obesity Management, Department of Pediatrics, Copenhagen University Hospital Holbæk, Holbæk, Denmark
| | - Oluf Pedersen
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Lars Ängquist
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Thorkild I A Sørensen
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N, Denmark
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Jens J Holst
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N, Denmark
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Michael Christiansen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N, Denmark
- Department for Congenital Disorders, Statens Serum Institute, Copenhagen S, Denmark
| | - Jens-Christian Holm
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N, Denmark
- The Children’s Obesity Clinic, accredited European Centre for Obesity Management, Department of Pediatrics, Copenhagen University Hospital Holbæk, Holbæk, Denmark
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Bolette Hartmann
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N, Denmark
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Torben Hansen
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N, Denmark
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense C, Denmark
- Correspondence: Torben Hansen, MD, PhD, The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark.
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Kunøe A, Sevelsted A, Chawes BL, Stokholm J, Eliasen A, Krakauer M, Bønnelykke K, Bisgaard H. Associations between Inhaled Corticosteroid in the First 6 Years of Life and Obesity Related Traits. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2021; 204:642-650. [PMID: 33975528 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202009-3537oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale Infants and young children might be particularly susceptible to the potential clinical side effects of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) on body mass index (BMI), adiposity rebound and body composition, but this has rarely been studied in long-term studies in this age-group. Objective To determine the association between ICS exposure in the first 6 years of life on BMI, adiposity rebound, body composition and blood lipid levels. Methods Children from the two Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood mother-child cohorts were included. ICS use was registered prospectively to age 6 and the cumulative dose was calculated. Multiple linear regression models were used for analysis. Measurements and Main Results A total of 932 (84%) of the 1111 children from the COPSAC cohorts had data on BMI, 786 (71%) had DXA scan data at age 6 years, and 815 (73%) had adiposity rebound age calculated. 291 children (31%) received a cumulative ICS dose > 10 weeks of standard treatment before age 6. ICS treatment during 0-6 years of age was associated with an increased BMI z-score; 0.05 SD [95% CI: 0.005 to 0.09] per one-year standard treatment, p=0.03, an earlier age at adiposity rebound; -0.18 year [95% CI: -0.28 to -0.08], p=0.0006, and a 2 % increased geometric mean android fat percentage, p=0.05. ICS exposure and DXA scan data were not associated. Conclusions ICS use in early childhood was associated with increased BMI z-score at age six, an earlier adiposity rebound and a trend of association with increased android body fat percentage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asja Kunøe
- University of Copenhagen, 4321, COPSAC, Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Kobenhavn, Denmark
| | - Astrid Sevelsted
- University of Copenhagen, 4321, COPSAC, Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Kobenhavn, Denmark
| | - Bo L Chawes
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, 1861, Channing Division of Network Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States.,University of Copenhagen, 4321, COPSAC, Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Kobenhavn, Denmark
| | - Jakob Stokholm
- University of Copenhagen, 4321, COPSAC, Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Kobenhavn, Denmark
| | - Anders Eliasen
- University of Copenhagen, 4321, COPSAC Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Kobenhavn, Denmark
| | - Martin Krakauer
- Gentofte University Hospital, 53147, Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Klaus Bønnelykke
- University of Copenhagen, 4321, Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood; The Danish Pediatric Asthma Center, Kobenhavn, Denmark
| | - Hans Bisgaard
- University of Copenhagen, 4321, COPSAC, Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Kobenhavn, Denmark;
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Lee BJ, Yim MH. Comparison of anthropometric and body composition indices in the identification of metabolic risk factors. Sci Rep 2021; 11:9931. [PMID: 33976292 PMCID: PMC8113511 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-89422-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Whether anthropometric or body composition indices are better indicators of metabolic risk remains unclear. The objectives of this study were to compare the association of metabolic risk factors with anthropometric and body composition indices and to identify the better indicators for risk factors in a large-scale Korean population. In this cross-sectional study, the associations of body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) as anthropometric indices and trunk fat mass (TFM), percent trunk fat mass (%TFM), whole-body total fat mass (WBTFM), and percent whole-body total fat mass (%WBTFM) as body composition indices with metabolic risk factors were compared by complex-samples multiple logistic regression models based on complex-sample survey data. In men, WHtR, BMI, and TFM were similarly associated with hypertension. Diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and hypo-high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterolemia tended to be more strongly associated with WHtR and WC than body composition indices. Hypertriglyceridemia and hypercholesterolemia were more strongly associated with WHtR and %TFM than other indices. In women, hypertension tended to be more strongly associated with WHtR than other indices. TFM, %TFM, and WHtR were similarly associated with hyperlipidemia. Diabetes and hypo-HDL cholesterolemia were more strongly associated with WHtR and WC than body composition indices. Hypertriglyceridemia and hypercholesterolemia were more strongly associated with WHtR and %TFM than other indices. Among six metabolic risk factors, the validity and utility of the anthropometric indices in identifying risk factors tended to be similar to or better than those of the body composition indices, except for hypertension and hypercholesterolemia in men and hyperlipidemia and hypercholesterolemia in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bum Ju Lee
- Future Medicine Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Deajeon, 305-811, Republic of Korea.
| | - Mi Hong Yim
- Future Medicine Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Deajeon, 305-811, Republic of Korea
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Manuel R, Shah GB, Mitchell RB, Johnson RF. Weight Gain and Severe Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Adolescents with Down Syndrome. Laryngoscope 2021; 131:2598-2602. [PMID: 33860943 DOI: 10.1002/lary.29575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS To determine whether the severity of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is affected by weight gain velocity (WGV) in adolescents with Down syndrome. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective case series. METHODS We performed a retrospective case series of children with Down syndrome, aged 9-19, referred for polysomnography (PSG) due to suspected OSA at an academic children's hospital. We determined the velocity (slope of change) of yearly weight gain using a mixed effect linear regression model. Subsequently, we determined if velocity of yearly weight gain was greater in adolescents with severe OSA (apnea-hypopnea index > 10). Significance was set at P < .05. RESULTS A total of 77 adolescents with Down syndrome were identified. The average age was 12.5 years (standard deviation = 3.1); 44 (57%) were male and 46 (60%) were Hispanic. The majority, 51 (66%) had severe OSA. The velocity of yearly weight gain prior to PSG in Down syndrome adolescents was similar regardless of OSA severity (mean diff in weight gain at PSG between severe and nonsevere OSA = -1.42, 95% confidence interval = -5.8 to 2.9, P = .52). Down syndrome adolescents with severe OSA weighed more at PSG (58.4 kg vs. 40.9 kg, P < .001) and all years prior to PSG. These findings remained even when controlling for age at PSG. CONCLUSIONS Severe OSA in adolescents with Down syndrome is associated with weight. There was no significant difference in WGV in children with Down syndrome with or without severe OSA. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 3 Laryngoscope, 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Manuel
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, U.S.A
| | - Gopi B Shah
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, U.S.A.,Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Children's Health, Children's Medical Center Dallas, Dallas, Texas, U.S.A
| | - Ron B Mitchell
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, U.S.A.,Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Children's Health, Children's Medical Center Dallas, Dallas, Texas, U.S.A
| | - Romaine F Johnson
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, U.S.A.,Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Children's Health, Children's Medical Center Dallas, Dallas, Texas, U.S.A
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Thajer A, Skacel G, Truschner K, Jorda A, Vasek M, Horsak B, Strempfl J, Kautzky-Willer A, Kainberger F, Greber-Platzer S. Comparison of Bioelectrical Impedance-Based Methods on Body Composition in Young Patients with Obesity. CHILDREN-BASEL 2021; 8:children8040295. [PMID: 33920492 PMCID: PMC8070058 DOI: 10.3390/children8040295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
(1) Background: The determination of body composition is an important method to investigate patients with obesity and to evaluate the efficacy of individualized medical interventions. Bioelectrical impedance-based methods are non-invasive and widely applied but need to be validated for their use in young patients with obesity. (2) Methods: We compiled data from three independent studies on children and adolescents with obesity, measuring body composition with two bioelectrical impedance-based devices (TANITA and BIACORPUS). For a small patient group, additional data were collected with air displacement plethysmography (BOD POD) and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). (3) Results: Our combined data on 123 patients (age: 6–18 years, body mass index (BMI): 21–59 kg/m²) and the individual studies showed that TANITA and BIACORPUS yield significantly different results on body composition, TANITA overestimating body fat percentage and fat mass relative to BIACORPUS and underestimating fat-free mass (p < 0.001 for all three parameters). A Bland–Altman plot indicated little agreement between methods, which produce clinically relevant differences for all three parameters. We detected gender-specific differences with both methods, with body fat percentage being lower (p < 0.01) and fat-free mass higher (p < 0.001) in males than females. (4) Conclusions: Both bioelectrical impedance-based methods provide significantly different results on body composition in young patients with obesity and thus cannot be used interchangeably, requiring adherence to a specific device for repetitive measurements to ascertain comparability of data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Thajer
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Allergology and Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18–20, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (G.S.); (K.T.); (A.J.); (M.V.); (S.G.-P.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Gabriele Skacel
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Allergology and Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18–20, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (G.S.); (K.T.); (A.J.); (M.V.); (S.G.-P.)
| | - Katharina Truschner
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Allergology and Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18–20, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (G.S.); (K.T.); (A.J.); (M.V.); (S.G.-P.)
| | - Anselm Jorda
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Allergology and Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18–20, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (G.S.); (K.T.); (A.J.); (M.V.); (S.G.-P.)
| | - Martin Vasek
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Allergology and Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18–20, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (G.S.); (K.T.); (A.J.); (M.V.); (S.G.-P.)
| | - Brian Horsak
- Institute of Health Sciences, St. Pölten University of Applied Sciences, Matthias-Corvinus-Straße 15, 3100 St. Pölten, Austria;
| | - Johanna Strempfl
- Department of Physiotherapy, St. Pölten University of Applied Sciences, Matthias-Corvinus-Straße 15, 3100 St. Pölten, Austria;
| | - Alexandra Kautzky-Willer
- Gender Medicine Unit, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18–20, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Franz Kainberger
- Division of Neuro- and Musculoskeletal Radiology, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18–20, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Susanne Greber-Platzer
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Allergology and Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18–20, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (G.S.); (K.T.); (A.J.); (M.V.); (S.G.-P.)
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Changes in adiposity and fat tissue distribution among preschool children from Kraków, Poland, from 2008 to 2018. J Biosoc Sci 2021; 54:333-346. [DOI: 10.1017/s0021932021000018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
In the light of changes in the living conditions of populations, excess adiposity is currently a serious public health problem worldwide. The aim of this study was to assess the changes in the body fat ratio among preschool children aged 3–7 years from Kraków, Poland, between 2008 and 2018. The study group consisted of children examined in two cross-sectional studies. Analysed characteristics included triceps, calf, subscapular, abdominal and suprailiac skinfold thicknesses, and adiposity calculated according to Slaughter’s equations. The trunk adiposity index and limbs-to-trunk fat ratio were also calculated. Statistical significance was obtained using two-way ANOVA and Tukey’s tests. Lower-limb adiposity was largest in the 2008 cohort and trunk adiposity was greater in the 2018 cohort. The mean values of the trunk adiposity index and limbs-to-trunk fat ratio were lower in the 2018 cohort than in the 2008 cohort. The 2018 cohort was also characterized by a lower overall adiposity. Regardless of the lower body adiposity percentage, in 2018 there was a tendency towards the central allocation of fat tissue. This is a negative phenomenon because, especially when co-existing with reduced lower-limb adiposity, it is associated with an increased risk of metabolic and cardiovascular diseases, even in young children.
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The Pivotal Role of Adipocyte-Na K peptide in Reversing Systemic Inflammation in Obesity and COVID-19 in the Development of Heart Failure. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9111129. [PMID: 33202598 PMCID: PMC7697697 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9111129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
This review summarizes data from several laboratories that have demonstrated a role of the Na/K-ATPase, specifically its α1 subunit, in the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) via the negative regulator of Src. Together with Src and other signaling proteins, the Na/K-ATPase forms an oxidant amplification loop (NKAL), amplifies ROS, and participates in cytokines storm in obesity. The development of a peptide fragment of the α1 subunit, NaKtide, has been shown to negatively regulate Src. Several groups showed that the systemic administration of the cell permeable modification of NaKtide (pNaKtide) or its selective delivery to fat tissue—adipocyte specific expression of NaKtide—ameliorate the systemic elevation of inflammatory cytokines seen in chronic obesity. Severe acute respiratory syndrome – coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the RNA Coronavirus responsible for the COVID-19 global pandemic, invades cells via the angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE-2) receptor (ACE2R) that is appended in inflamed fat tissue and exacerbates the formation of the cytokines storm. Both obesity and heart and renal failure are well known risks for adverse outcomes in patients infected with COVID-19. White adipocytes express ACE-2 receptors in high concentration, especially in obese patients. Once the virus invades the white adipocyte cell, it creates a COVID19–porphyrin complex which degrades and produces free porphyrin and iron and increases ROS. The increased formation of ROS and activation of the NKAL results in a further potentiated formation of ROS production, and ultimately, adipocyte generation of more inflammatory mediators, leading to systemic cytokines storm and heart failure. Moreover, chronic obesity also results in the reduction of antioxidant genes such as heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), increasing adipocyte susceptibility to ROS and cytokines. It is the systemic inflammation and cytokine storm which is responsible for many of the adverse outcomes seen with COVID-19 infections in obese subjects, leading to heart failure and death. This review will also describe the potential antioxidant drugs and role of NaKtide and their demonstrated antioxidant effect used as a major strategy for improving obesity and epicardial fat mediated heart failure in the context of the COVID pandemic.
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Aars NA, Beldo S, Jacobsen BK, Horsch A, Morseth B, Emaus N, Furberg AS, Grimsgaard S. Association between objectively measured physical activity and longitudinal changes in body composition in adolescents: the Tromsø study fit futures cohort. BMJ Open 2020; 10:e036991. [PMID: 33033016 PMCID: PMC7542926 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-036991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Physical activity may be important in deterring the obesity epidemic. This study aimed to determine whether objectively measured physical activity in first year of upper secondary high school predicted changes in body composition over 2 years of follow-up in a cohort of Norwegian adolescents (n=431). DESIGN A longitudinal study of adolescents (mean age of 16 (SD 0.4) at baseline, 60.3% girls) participating in the Fit Futures studies 1 (2010-2011) and 2 (2012-2013). SETTING All eight upper secondary high schools in two municipalities in Northern Norway. PARTICIPANTS Students participating in both studies and under the age of 18 at baseline and with valid measurement of physical activity at baseline and body composition in both surveys. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOMES Change in objectively measured body mass index and waist circumference and change in dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry measured fat mass index, lean mass index (LMI) and appendicular LMI (aLMI) between baseline and follow-up. RESULTS At baseline, boys had significantly higher physical activity volume (p=0.01) and spent on average of 6.4 (95% CI 2.1 to 10.6) more minutes in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) than girls (p<0.01). In girls, multivariate regression analyses showed that more sedentary time was negatively associated with changes in LMI (p<0.01) and aLMI (p<0.05), whereas more light activity had opposite effects on these measures (p<0.01 and p<0.05, respectively). No significant associations between measures of baseline physical activity and changes in body composition parameters were observed in boys. CONCLUSIONS In this cohort of Norwegian adolescents, sedentary and light physical activity was associated with changes in LMI and aLMI in girls, but not boys. Minutes spent in MVPA in first year of upper secondary high school was not associated with changes in measures of body composition in neither sex after 2 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils Abel Aars
- Department of Community Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromso, Troms, Norway
- Nordlandssykehuset HF, Bodø, Norway
| | - Sigurd Beldo
- School of Sport Sciences, UiT Arctic University of Norway, Alta, Finnmark, Norway
| | - Bjarne Koster Jacobsen
- Department of Community Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromso, Troms, Norway
- Centre for Sami Health Research, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromso, Troms, Norway
| | - Alexander Horsch
- Department of Computer Science, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromso, Troms, Norway
| | - Bente Morseth
- Department of Community Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromso, Troms, Norway
- School of Sport Sciences, UiT Arctic University of Norway, Alta, Finnmark, Norway
| | - Nina Emaus
- Department of Health and Care Siences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromso, Troms, Norway
| | - Anne-Sofie Furberg
- Department of Microbiology and Infection Control, Universitetssykehuset Nord-Norge, Tromsø, Norway
- Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Molde University College, Molde, Norway
| | - Sameline Grimsgaard
- Department of Community Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromso, Troms, Norway
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Assens M, Dyre L, Henriksen LS, Brocks V, Sundberg K, Jensen LN, Pedersen AT, Main KM. Menstrual Pattern, Reproductive Hormones, and Transabdominal 3D Ultrasound in 317 Adolescent Girls. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2020; 105:5854354. [PMID: 32506132 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgaa355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT The knowledge of normal variation of reproductive hormones, internal genitalia imaging, and the prevalence of gynecological disorders in adolescent girls is limited. OBJECTIVE The study aimed to describe reproductive parameters in postmenarchal girls from the general population including the frequency of oligomenorrhea, polycystic ovary syndrome, and use of hormonal contraception. DESIGN The Copenhagen Mother-Child Cohort is a population-based longitudinal birth cohort of 1210 girls born between 1997 and 2002. SETTING University hospital. PARTICIPANTS A total of 317 girls were included, with a median age of 16.1 years and time since menarche of 2.9 years. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Tanner stage, height, weight, age at menarche, menstrual cycle length and regularity, ovarian/uterine volume, and number of follicles were recorded. Serum concentrations of FSH, LH, anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), inhibin B, estradiol, testosterone, SHBG, androstenedione, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, 17-OH-progesterone, and IGF-1 were measured. RESULTS Twenty girls (6.3%) had oligomenorrhea and differed significantly in serum androgens and AMH, age at and time since menarche from girls with regular cycles. Twenty-seven girls were classified with PCOS (8.5%) and had significantly higher 17-OH-progesterone, estradiol, AMH, LH, and age at menarche than the reference group. Girls on oral contraception had significantly higher serum SHBG concentrations and lower serum concentrations of all hormones except AMH and IGF-1. Ovarian follicles 2 to 29.9 mm correlated positively with serum AMH (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS Most 16-year-old girls had regular menstrual cycles, normal reproductive hormones, and uterine and ovarian ultrasound. Serum AMH reflected ovarian follicle count and may be a useful biomarker of ovarian reserve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Assens
- Department of Growth and Reproduction and EDMaRC, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Liv Dyre
- Department of Growth and Reproduction and EDMaRC, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Louise Scheutz Henriksen
- Department of Growth and Reproduction and EDMaRC, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Vibeke Brocks
- Center of Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Karin Sundberg
- Center of Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lisa Neerup Jensen
- Center of Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anette Tønnes Pedersen
- Department of Gynaecology, The Fertility Clinic, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Katharina M Main
- Department of Growth and Reproduction and EDMaRC, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Chavira-Suárez E, Rosel-Pech C, Polo-Oteyza E, Ancira-Moreno M, Ibarra-González I, Vela-Amieva M, Meraz-Cruz N, Aguilar-Salinas C, Vadillo-Ortega F. Simultaneous evaluation of metabolomic and inflammatory biomarkers in children with different body mass index (BMI) and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR). PLoS One 2020; 15:e0237917. [PMID: 32834003 PMCID: PMC7446833 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0237917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic disturbances and systemic pro-inflammatory changes have been reported in children with obesity. However, it is unclear the time-sequence of metabolic or inflammatory modifications during children obesity evolution. Our study aimed to quantify simultaneously metabolomic and inflammatory biomarkers in serum from children with different levels of adiposity. For this purpose, a cross-sectional study was used to perform targeted metabolomics and inflammatory cytokines measurements. Serum samples from children between six to ten years old were analyzed using either body mass index (BMI) or waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) classifications. One hundred and sixty-eight school-aged children were included. BMI classification in children with overweight or obesity showed altered concentrations of glucose and amino acids (glycine and tyrosine). Children classified by WHtR exhibited imbalances in amino acids (glycine, valine, and tyrosine) and lipids (triacyl glycerides and low-density lipoprotein) compared to control group. No differences in systemic inflammation biomarkers or in the prevalence of other results were found in these children. Abnormal arterial blood pressure was found in 32% of children with increased adiposity. In conclusion, obesity in school-aged children is characterized by significant metabolic modifications that are not accompanied by major disturbances in circulating concentrations of inflammatory biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Chavira-Suárez
- Unidad de Vinculación Científica de la Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México en el Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Cecilia Rosel-Pech
- Unidad de Vinculación Científica de la Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México en el Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Mexico City, Mexico
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Inmunología e Infectología, Hospital de Infectología “Dr. Daniel Méndez Hernández" Centro Médico Nacional La Raza, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ernestina Polo-Oteyza
- Fondo Nestlé para la Nutrición, Fundación Mexicana Para la Salud, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Mónica Ancira-Moreno
- Unidad de Vinculación Científica de la Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México en el Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Mexico City, Mexico
- Health Department, Universidad Iberoamericana, A.C., Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Isabel Ibarra-González
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Marcela Vela-Amieva
- Laboratorio de Errores Innatos del Metabolismo y Tamiz, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Noemi Meraz-Cruz
- Unidad de Vinculación Científica de la Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México en el Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Carlos Aguilar-Salinas
- Dirección de Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Felipe Vadillo-Ortega
- Unidad de Vinculación Científica de la Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México en el Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Mexico City, Mexico
- Dirección de Investigación, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Mexico City, Mexico
- * E-mail:
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Busch AS, Hollis B, Day FR, Sørensen K, Aksglaede L, Perry JRB, Ong KK, Juul A, Hagen CP. Voice break in boys-temporal relations with other pubertal milestones and likely causal effects of BMI. Hum Reprod 2020; 34:1514-1522. [PMID: 31348498 PMCID: PMC6688887 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dez118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION How is timing of voice break related to other male pubertal milestones as well as to BMI? SUMMARY ANSWER We provide a comprehensive temporal analysis of male pubertal milestones, including reproductive hormone dynamics, confirm voice break as a late milestone of male puberty and report a likely causal relationship between higher BMI and earlier age at voice break in men. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Voice break represents a late pubertal milestone and recalled age at voice break is frequently used in epidemiological studies as a measure of puberty. In contrast, clinical studies use mainly testicular enlargement and/or genital tanner stage as the marker of pubertal onset. However, neither correlation of pubertal milestones nor reproductive hormone dynamics have been assessed in detail previously. Further, although BMI and puberty timing are known to be closely linked, cause and effect between these traits are not known. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION The study included a population-based mixed cross-sectional and longitudinal cohort (2006–2014, COPENHAGEN Puberty Study) of 730 healthy Danish boys. Data for 55 871 male research participants from the 23andMe study were obtained, including genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphism data and age at voice break. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS We performed a detailed evaluation of pubertal milestones and reproductive hormone levels (study population 1). A Mendelian randomization (MR) approach was used to determine the likely causal link between BMI and timing of voice break (study population 2). MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE Voice break occurred at mean age 13.6 (95% CI: 13.5–13.8) years. At voice break, mean (95% CI) testosterone levels, LH levels and bi-testicular volume were 10.9 (10.0–11.7) nmol/L, 2.4 (2.2–2.5) IU/L and 24 (23–25) mL, respectively. Voice break correlated moderately strongly with timing of male pubertal milestones, including testicular enlargement, gonadarche, pubarche, sweat odor, axillary hair growth and testosterone above limit of detection (r2 range: 0.43–0.61). Timing of all milestones was negatively associated with age-specific BMI (all P ≤ 0.001). MR analyses inferred likely causal effects of higher BMI on earlier voice break in males (−0.35 years/approximate SD, P < 0.001). LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION Participation rate of the population-based cohort was 25%. Further, boys that were followed longitudinally were examined approximately every 6 months limiting the time resolution of pubertal milestones. Using adult BMI as exposure instead of prepubertal BMI in the MR analysis and the known inaccuracies of the testosterone immunoassay at low testosterone levels may be further limitations. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS We provide valuable normative data on the temporal relation of male pubertal milestones. Further, the likely causal relationship between BMI and puberty timing highlights the importance of preventing obesity in childhood. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) This work was supported by Danish Agency for Science, Technology and Innovation (09-067 180); Danish Ministry of the Environment, CeHoS (MST-621-00 065); Capital Region of Denmark (R129-A3966); Ministry of Higher Education and Science (DFF-1331-00 113); Innovation Fund Denmark (InnovationsFonden, 14-2013-4); The International Center for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disrupting Effects of Male Reproduction and Child Health. B.H., F.R.D., J.R.B.P. and K.K.O. are supported by the Medical Research Council (MC_UU_12015/2). The 23andMe study is supported by the National Human Genome Research Institute of the National Institutes of Health (R44HG006981). Members of the 23andMe Research Team are employees of 23andMe, Inc. and hold stock or stock options in 23andMe. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT01411527
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Busch
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen O, Denmark.,International Center for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen O, Denmark
| | - B Hollis
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge Biomedical Campus Box, Cambridge, UK
| | - F R Day
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge Biomedical Campus Box, Cambridge, UK
| | - K Sørensen
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen O, Denmark.,International Center for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen O, Denmark
| | - L Aksglaede
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen O, Denmark.,International Center for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen O, Denmark
| | - J R B Perry
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge Biomedical Campus Box, Cambridge, UK
| | - K K Ong
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - A Juul
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen O, Denmark.,International Center for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen O, Denmark
| | - C P Hagen
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen O, Denmark.,International Center for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen O, Denmark
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Shank LM, Higgins Neyland MK, Lavender JM, Schindler R, Solomon S, Hennigan K, Leu W, Schvey NA, Sbrocco T, Jorgensen S, Stephens M, Olsen CH, Haigney M, Klein DA, Quinlan J, Yanovski JA, Tanofsky-Kraff M. Sex differences in metabolic syndrome components in adolescent military dependents at high-risk for adult obesity. Pediatr Obes 2020; 15:e12638. [PMID: 32286006 PMCID: PMC8183113 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.12638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic syndrome in adolescence has been associated with adverse cardiometabolic outcomes in adulthood. Preliminary data suggest that boys may have worsened metabolic syndrome components compared to girls. Yet, little is known about the physical health of military dependents, a potentially at-risk population. OBJECTIVE Examine sex differences in metabolic syndrome components in a sample of adolescent military dependents. METHODS Participants were adolescents (N = 139; 14.4 ± 1.6 years; 45.3% male; 41.0% non-Hispanic White, 19.4% non-Hispanic Black; BMI-z: 1.9 ± 0.4) at-risk for adult obesity and binge-eating disorder due to an age- and sex-adjusted BMI ≥85th percentile and loss-of-control eating and/or elevated anxiety. A multivariate analysis of covariance was conducted to compare objectively measured metabolic syndrome components across boys and girls. Covariates were age, race, loss-of-control eating status, anxiety symptoms, and BMI-z. RESULTS Metabolic syndrome components differed by sex (P = .01). Boys had higher systolic blood pressure (P = .049), lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (P = .01), and higher glucose (P = .001) than girls. Waist circumference, diastolic blood pressure, and triglycerides did not differ between boys and girls (P > .05). CONCLUSIONS Future research should prospectively examine these relationships into adulthood. If the current findings are supported, prevention programs should consider targeting cardiometabolic health particularly among male adolescent military dependents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M. Shank
- Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USU), Bethesda, Maryland,Military Cardiovascular Outcomes Research (MiCOR) Program, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USU), Bethesda, Maryland,Metis Foundation, San Antonio, Texas,Section on Growth and Obesity, Program in Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - M. Katy Higgins Neyland
- Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USU), Bethesda, Maryland,Military Cardiovascular Outcomes Research (MiCOR) Program, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USU), Bethesda, Maryland,Metis Foundation, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Jason M. Lavender
- Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USU), Bethesda, Maryland,Military Cardiovascular Outcomes Research (MiCOR) Program, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USU), Bethesda, Maryland,Metis Foundation, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Rachel Schindler
- Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USU), Bethesda, Maryland,Military Cardiovascular Outcomes Research (MiCOR) Program, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USU), Bethesda, Maryland,Metis Foundation, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Senait Solomon
- Military Cardiovascular Outcomes Research (MiCOR) Program, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USU), Bethesda, Maryland,Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, USU, Bethesda, Maryland,The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine (HJF), Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Kathrin Hennigan
- Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USU), Bethesda, Maryland,Military Cardiovascular Outcomes Research (MiCOR) Program, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USU), Bethesda, Maryland,Metis Foundation, San Antonio, Texas
| | - William Leu
- Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, USU, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Natasha A. Schvey
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Program in Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland,Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, USU, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Tracy Sbrocco
- Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, USU, Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | - Mark Stephens
- Pennsylvania State University, State College, Pennsylvania
| | - Cara H. Olsen
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USU), Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Mark Haigney
- Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USU), Bethesda, Maryland,Military Cardiovascular Outcomes Research (MiCOR) Program, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USU), Bethesda, Maryland
| | - David A. Klein
- Department of Family Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USU), Bethesda, Maryland,Malcolm Grow Medical Clinics and Surgery Center, Joint Base Andrews, Maryland
| | - Jeffrey Quinlan
- Department of Family Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USU), Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Jack A. Yanovski
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Program in Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Marian Tanofsky-Kraff
- Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USU), Bethesda, Maryland,Military Cardiovascular Outcomes Research (MiCOR) Program, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USU), Bethesda, Maryland,Section on Growth and Obesity, Program in Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland,Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, USU, Bethesda, Maryland
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49
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Orsso CE, Silva MIB, Gonzalez MC, Rubin DA, Heymsfield SB, Prado CM, Haqq AM. Assessment of body composition in pediatric overweight and obesity: A systematic review of the reliability and validity of common techniques. Obes Rev 2020; 21:e13041. [PMID: 32374499 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Accurate measurement of body composition is required to improve health outcomes in children and adolescents with overweight or obesity. This systematic review aimed to summarize the reliability and validity of field and laboratory body composition techniques employed in pediatric obesity studies to facilitate technique selection for research and clinical practice implementation. A systematic search in MEDLINE (via PubMed), EMBASE, CINAHL, and SPORTDiscus from inception up to December 2019 was conducted, using a combination of the following concepts: body composition, pediatric overweight/obesity, and reliability/validity. The search strategy resulted in 66 eligible articles reporting reliability (19.7%), agreement between body composition techniques cross sectionally (80.3%), and/or diagnostic test accuracy (10.6%) in children and adolescents with overweight or obesity (mean age range = 7.0-16.5 years). Skinfolds, air-displacement plethysmography (ADP), dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), and ultrasound presented as reliable techniques. DXA, ADP, and isotope dilution showed similar and the best agreement with reference standards. Compared with these laboratory techniques, the validity of estimating body composition by anthropometric equations, skinfolds, and BIA was inferior. In conclusion, the assessment of body composition by laboratory techniques cannot be replaced by field techniques due to introduction of measurement errors, which potentially conceal actual changes in body components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila E Orsso
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Maria Ines B Silva
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Applied Nutrition, Nutrition Institute, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Department of Applied Nutrition, Nutrition School, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Maria Cristina Gonzalez
- Postgraduate Program in Health and Behavior, Catholic University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil.,Pennington Biomedical Research Center, LSU System, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Daniela A Rubin
- Department of Kinesiology, California State University, Fullerton, California, USA
| | - Steven B Heymsfield
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, LSU System, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Carla M Prado
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Andrea M Haqq
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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50
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Secular trends in adiposity within the context of changes in BMI across developmental periods among Polish schoolchildren-application of the Slaughter equation. Eur J Clin Nutr 2020; 75:49-56. [PMID: 32632246 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-020-0675-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To estimate secular changes in the body fatness, assessed using the Slaughter equation, in the context of changes in BMI in different developmental periods among Polish schoolchildren studied over nearly 50 years. METHODS Data were collected during Polish Anthropological Surveys (1966, 1978, 1988, 2012). The total random sample consisted of 69,746 schoolchildren, aged 7-18. Three periods of development were identified: childhood, early adolescence, and late adolescence. Raw data of BMI were standardized for age classes. Based on the body fat percentage, calculated using Slaughter equation (involving triceps and subscapular skinfold thickness), fat mass (FM; kg), and then fat mass index (FMI = FM/height6; kg/m6) was assessed to enable comparison between body fatness and BMI. Statistical analyses included two-way ANOVA and post-hoc Tukey's tests. RESULTS In boys, in terms of changes per decade, between 1966 and 2012 acceleration in Z-BMI and deceleration in FMI were found, irrespective of developmental period. Regarding girls, deceleration of trend was found in terms of both features, with different intensity, depending on developmental period and year of study. The pattern of changes in FMI depending on developmental period was, to some extent, similar for both sexes. CONCLUSIONS Slaughter equation for abovementioned two skinfolds, as a method of body fatness assessment, might be a useful tool for research on boys across different developmental periods, but not on girls. Moreover, it should be used with caution when applied to secular changes in adiposity in both sexes, since the distribution of fat tissue varies across ontogenesis, but also over generations.
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