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Vasović DD, Ivković S, Živanović A, Major T, Milašin JM, Nikolić NS, Simonović JM, Šutulović N, Hrnčić D, Stanojlović O, Vesković M, Rašić DM, Mladenović D. Reduced light exposure mitigates streptozotocin-induced vascular changes and gliosis in diabetic retina by an anti-inflammatory effect and increased retinal cholesterol turnover. Chem Biol Interact 2024; 394:110996. [PMID: 38593908 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2024.110996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy is not cured efficiently and changes of lifestyle measures may delay early retinal injury in diabetes. The aim of our study was to investigate the effects of reduced daily light exposure on retinal vascular changes in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced model of DM with emphasis on inflammation, Aqp4 expression, visual cycle and cholesterol metabolism-related gene expression in rat retina and RPE. Male Wistar rats were divided into the following groups: 1. control; 2. diabetic group (DM) treated with streptozotocin (100 mg/kg); 3. group exposed to light/dark cycle 6/18 h (6/18); 4. diabetic group exposed to light/dark cycle 6/18 h (DM+6/18). Retinal vascular abnormalities were estimated based on lectin staining, while the expression of genes involved in the visual cycle, cholesterol metabolism, and inflammation was determined by qRT-PCR. Reduced light exposure alleviated vasculopathy, gliosis and the expression of IL-1 and TNF-α in the retina with increased perivascular Aqp4 expression. The expression of genes involved in visual cycle and cholesterol metabolism was significantly up-regulated in RPE in DM+6/18 vs. DM group. In the retina only the expression of APOE was significantly higher in DM+6/18 vs. DM group. Reduced light exposure mitigates vascular changes and gliosis in DM via its anti-inflammatory effect, increased retinal cholesterol turnover and perivascular Aqp4 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dolika D Vasović
- Eye Hospital, University Clinical Centre of Serbia, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Sanja Ivković
- Department of Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, Vinca - Institute for Nuclear Sciences, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ana Živanović
- Department of Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, Vinca - Institute for Nuclear Sciences, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tamara Major
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena M Milašin
- Department of Human Genetics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nađa S Nikolić
- Department of Human Genetics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena M Simonović
- Department of Human Genetics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nikola Šutulović
- Laboratory for Neurophysiology, Institute of Medical Physiology "Richard Burian", Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dragan Hrnčić
- Laboratory for Neurophysiology, Institute of Medical Physiology "Richard Burian", Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Olivera Stanojlović
- Laboratory for Neurophysiology, Institute of Medical Physiology "Richard Burian", Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milena Vesković
- Institute of Pathophysiology "Ljubodrag Buba Mihailovic", Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dejan M Rašić
- Eye Hospital, University Clinical Centre of Serbia, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia; School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dušan Mladenović
- Institute of Pathophysiology "Ljubodrag Buba Mihailovic", Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia.
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Rusciano D, Russo C. The Therapeutic Trip of Melatonin Eye Drops: From the Ocular Surface to the Retina. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:441. [PMID: 38675402 PMCID: PMC11054783 DOI: 10.3390/ph17040441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Melatonin is a ubiquitous molecule found in living organisms, ranging from bacteria to plants and mammals. It possesses various properties, partly due to its robust antioxidant nature and partly owed to its specific interaction with melatonin receptors present in almost all tissues. Melatonin regulates different physiological functions and contributes to the homeostasis of the entire organism. In the human eye, a small amount of melatonin is also present, produced by cells in the anterior segment and the posterior pole, including the retina. In the eye, melatonin may provide antioxidant protection along with regulating physiological functions of ocular tissues, including intraocular pressure (IOP). Therefore, it is conceivable that the exogenous topical administration of sufficiently high amounts of melatonin to the eye could be beneficial in several instances: for the treatment of eye pathologies like glaucoma, due to the IOP-lowering and neuroprotection effects of melatonin; for the prevention of other dysfunctions, such as dry eye and refractive defects (cataract and myopia) mainly due to its antioxidant properties; for diabetic retinopathy due to its metabolic influence and neuroprotective effects; for macular degeneration due to the antioxidant and neuroprotective properties; and for uveitis, mostly owing to anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties. This paper reviews the scientific evidence supporting the use of melatonin in different ocular districts. Moreover, it provides data suggesting that the topical administration of melatonin as eye drops is a real possibility, utilizing nanotechnological formulations that could improve its solubility and permeation through the eye. This way, its distribution and concentration in different ocular tissues may support its pleiotropic therapeutic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario Rusciano
- Fidia Research Centre, c/o University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 89, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Cristina Russo
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 89, 95123 Catania, Italy;
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Lempesis IG, Georgakopoulou VE, Reiter RJ, Spandidos DA. A mid‑pandemic night's dream: Melatonin, from harbinger of anti‑inflammation to mitochondrial savior in acute and long COVID‑19 (Review). Int J Mol Med 2024; 53:28. [PMID: 38299237 PMCID: PMC10852014 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2024.5352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‑19), a systemic illness caused by severe acute respiratory distress syndrome 2 (SARS‑CoV‑2), has triggered a worldwide pandemic with symptoms ranging from asymptomatic to chronic, affecting practically every organ. Melatonin, an ancient antioxidant found in all living organisms, has been suggested as a safe and effective therapeutic option for the treatment of SARS‑CoV‑2 infection due to its good safety characteristics and broad‑spectrum antiviral medication properties. Melatonin is essential in various metabolic pathways and governs physiological processes, such as the sleep‑wake cycle and circadian rhythms. It exhibits oncostatic, anti‑inflammatory, antioxidant and anti‑aging properties, exhibiting promise for use in the treatment of numerous disorders, including COVID‑19. The preventive and therapeutic effects of melatonin have been widely explored in a number of conditions and have been well‑established in experimental ischemia/reperfusion investigations, particularly in coronary heart disease and stroke. Clinical research evaluating the use of melatonin in COVID‑19 has shown various improved outcomes, including reduced hospitalization durations; however, the trials are small. Melatonin can alleviate mitochondrial dysfunction in COVID‑19, improve immune cell function and provide antioxidant properties. However, its therapeutic potential remains underexplored due to funding limitations and thus further investigations are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis G. Lempesis
- Department of Pathophysiology, Laiko General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Vasiliki Epameinondas Georgakopoulou
- Department of Pathophysiology, Laiko General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
- Department of Infectious Diseases-COVID-19 Unit, Laiko General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Russel J. Reiter
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, UT Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Demetrios A. Spandidos
- Laboratory of Clinical Virology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
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Osipova NA, Panova AY, Efremov AM, Lozinskaya NA, Beznos OV, Katargina LA. Melatonin and its bioisosteres as potential therapeutic agents for the treatment of retinopathy of prematurity. Chem Biol Drug Des 2024; 103:e14504. [PMID: 38480485 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.14504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
We conducted a study on the impact of intraperitoneal injections of melatonin and its three bioisosteres (compounds 1-3) on the development of oxygen-induced retinopathy in newborn rats during a 21-day experiment. It was demonstrated that melatonin and its analogues 1-3 effectively reduce the total protein concentration in the vitreous body of rat pups, decrease concentration of VEGF-A, and lower the level of oxidative stress (as indicated by normalization of antioxidant activity in the vitreous body). Melatonin and its analogues 1-3 equally normalize the level of VEGF-A. Analogues 1 and 2 even exceed melatonin in their ability to reduce protein influx into the vitreous body. However, analogue 2 had no effect on antioxidant activity, while analogues 1 and 3 caused a significant increase in this parameter, with analogue 3 even slightly exceeding melatonin. Thus, it can be concluded that analogues 1-3 are comparable to melatonin and can be utilized as potential therapeutic agents for the treatment of retinopathy of prematurity.
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Affiliation(s)
- N A Osipova
- Helmholtz National Medical Center of Eye Diseases, Moscow, Russia
| | - A Y Panova
- Helmholtz National Medical Center of Eye Diseases, Moscow, Russia
| | - A M Efremov
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - N A Lozinskaya
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - O V Beznos
- Helmholtz National Medical Center of Eye Diseases, Moscow, Russia
| | - L A Katargina
- Helmholtz National Medical Center of Eye Diseases, Moscow, Russia
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Atacak A, Baltaci SB, Akgun-Unal N, Mogulkoc R, Baltaci AK. Melatonin protects retinal tissue damage in streptozotocin-induced aged rats. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2023; 112:105035. [PMID: 37075585 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2023.105035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate how melatonin administration affects retinal oxidative damage and retinal SIRT1 gene activation in diabetic elderly female rat model. METHODS 16-months-old female rats were used in the study. A total of 24 rats were divided into 4 groups in equal numbers: Group 1. Control, Group 2. Control + Melatonin, Group 3. Diabetes, Group 4. Diabetes + Melatonin. In group 3 and 4 rats, diabetes was induced by intraperitoneal (IP) injection of streptozotocin. Groups 2 and 4 were given ip melatonin for 4 weeks. SIRT-1 gene expression was determined by PCR method and GSH and MDA levels by ELISA in retinal tissue samples taken from animals sacrificed under general anesthesia. RESULTS In our study, the highest retinal SIRT1 expression values were obtained in the diabetes + melatonin (G4) group. The retinal SIRT1 expression values of the diabetes group (G3) were lower than group 4 and higher than the general control (G1) and control + melatonin (G2) groups. Again in our study, the highest retinal MDA values were obtained in the diabetes group (G3). The highest retinal GSH values were obtained in the Diabetes + melatonin group (G4). CONCLUSION The results of our study showed that melatonin supplementation has a protective effect on retinal tissue in a diabetic elderly female rat model. This protective effect of melatonin supplementation occurs by increasing both retinal antioxidant activity and retinal SIRT1 gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adem Atacak
- Medical Faculty Department of Physiology, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | | | - Nilufer Akgun-Unal
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ondokuz Mayis, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Rasim Mogulkoc
- Medical Faculty Department of Physiology, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
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Sardoiwala MN, Nagpal S, Bhatt B, Roy Choudhury S, Karmakar S. Improved Melatonin Delivery by a Size-Controlled Polydopamine Nanoformulation Attenuates Preclinical Diabetic Retinopathy. Mol Pharm 2023. [PMID: 37116080 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.2c01039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress, reactive oxygen species generation, and overexpression of VEGF are signatory events in diabetic retinopathy. The downregulation of VEGF and anti-inflammatory action pave the way for diabetic retinopathy (DR) therapy. In that, lower absorption kinetics of melatonin limits its immense therapeutic potential. Hence, we have demonstrated a reverse microemulsion method to synthesize melatonin-loaded polydopamine nanoparticles to replenish both at a single platform with an improved melatonin delivery profile. The study has evaluated in vitro and in vivo protection efficiency of biocompatible melatonin-loaded polydopamine nanoparticles (MPDANPs). The protection mechanism was explained by downregulation of VEGF, CASPASE3, and PKCδ against high-glucose/streptozotocin (STZ)-induced insults, in vitro and in vivo. The anti-inflammatory and antiangiogenic effect and potential of MPDANPs to enhance melatonin in vivo stability with prolonged circulation time have proved MPDANPs as a potential therapeutic candidate in DR management. The DR therapeutic potential of MPDANPs has been arbitrated by improving the bioavailability of melatonin and inhibition of VEGF-PKCδ crosstalk in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Nadim Sardoiwala
- Chemical Biology Unit, Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Knowledge City, SAS Nagar 140306, Punjab, India
| | - Shakti Nagpal
- Chemical Biology Unit, Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Knowledge City, SAS Nagar 140306, Punjab, India
| | - Babita Bhatt
- Chemical Biology Unit, Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Knowledge City, SAS Nagar 140306, Punjab, India
| | - Subhasree Roy Choudhury
- Chemical Biology Unit, Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Knowledge City, SAS Nagar 140306, Punjab, India
| | - Surajit Karmakar
- Chemical Biology Unit, Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Knowledge City, SAS Nagar 140306, Punjab, India
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Ebrahimi M, Sivaprasad S, Thompson P, Perry G. Retinal Neurodegeneration in Euglycemic Hyperinsulinemia, Prediabetes, and Diabetes. Ophthalmic Res 2022; 66:385-397. [PMID: 36463857 DOI: 10.1159/000528503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a challenging public health problem mainly because of its growing prevalence and risk of blindness. In general, our current knowledge and practice have failed to prevent the onset or progression of DR to sight-threatening complications. While there are treatment options for sight-threatening complications of DR, it is crucial to pay more attention to the early stages of DR to decrease its prevalence. Growing evidence suggests many pathologic changes occur before clinical presentations of DR in euglycemic hyperinsulinemia, prediabetes, and diabetes. These pathological changes occur in retinal neurons, glia, and microvasculature. A new focus on these preclinical pathologies - especially on hyperinsulinemia - may provide further insight into disease mechanisms, endpoints for clinical trials, and druggable targets in early disease. Here, we review the current evidence on the pathophysiological changes reported in preclinical DR and appraise preventive and treatment options for DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moein Ebrahimi
- Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy, and Autoimmunity, Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Sobha Sivaprasad
- NIHR Moorfields Biomedical Research Centre, Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, UK
| | - Paul Thompson
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Institute for Neuroimaging and Informatics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - George Perry
- Department of Biology, University of Texas and San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
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Hosseinzadeh A, Bagherifard A, Koosha F, Amiri S, Karimi-Behnagh A, Reiter RJ, Mehrzadi S. Melatonin effect on platelets and coagulation: Implications for a prophylactic indication in COVID-19. Life Sci 2022; 307:120866. [PMID: 35944663 PMCID: PMC9356576 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Severe COVID-19 is associated with the dynamic changes in coagulation parameters. Coagulopathy is considered as a major extra-pulmonary risk factor for severity and mortality of COVID-19; patients with elevated levels of coagulation biomarkers have poorer in-hospital outcomes. Oxidative stress, alterations in the activity of cytochrome P450 enzymes, development of the cytokine storm and inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) enzyme malfunction and renin–angiotensin system (RAS) imbalance are among other mechanisms suggested to be involved in the coagulopathy induced by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2). The activity and function of coagulation factors are reported to have a circadian component. Melatonin, a multipotential neurohormone secreted by the pineal gland exclusively at night, regulates the cytokine system and the coagulation cascade in infections such as those caused by coronaviruses. Herein, we review the mechanisms and beneficial effects of melatonin against coagulopathy induced by SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Pinilla I, Maneu V, Campello L, Fernández-Sánchez L, Martínez-Gil N, Kutsyr O, Sánchez-Sáez X, Sánchez-Castillo C, Lax P, Cuenca N. Inherited Retinal Dystrophies: Role of Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Their Physiopathology and Therapeutic Implications. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11061086. [PMID: 35739983 PMCID: PMC9219848 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11061086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Inherited retinal dystrophies (IRDs) are a large group of genetically and clinically heterogeneous diseases characterized by the progressive degeneration of the retina, ultimately leading to loss of visual function. Oxidative stress and inflammation play fundamental roles in the physiopathology of these diseases. Photoreceptor cell death induces an inflammatory state in the retina. The activation of several molecular pathways triggers different cellular responses to injury, including the activation of microglia to eliminate debris and recruit inflammatory cells from circulation. Therapeutical options for IRDs are currently limited, although a small number of patients have been successfully treated by gene therapy. Many other therapeutic strategies are being pursued to mitigate the deleterious effects of IRDs associated with oxidative metabolism and/or inflammation, including inhibiting reactive oxygen species’ accumulation and inflammatory responses, and blocking autophagy. Several compounds are being tested in clinical trials, generating great expectations for their implementation. The present review discusses the main death mechanisms that occur in IRDs and the latest therapies that are under investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Pinilla
- Aragón Health Research Institute (IIS Aragón), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Department of Ophthalmology, Lozano Blesa, University Hospital, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Department of Surgery, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Correspondence: (I.P.); (V.M.)
| | - Victoria Maneu
- Department of Optics, Pharmacology and Anatomy, University of Alicante, 03690 Alicante, Spain;
- Alicante Institute for Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL), 03010 Alicante, Spain; (P.L.); (N.C.)
- Correspondence: (I.P.); (V.M.)
| | - Laura Campello
- Department of Physiology, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Alicante, 03690 Alicante, Spain; (L.C.); (N.M.-G.); (O.K.); (X.S.-S.); (C.S.-C.)
| | - Laura Fernández-Sánchez
- Department of Optics, Pharmacology and Anatomy, University of Alicante, 03690 Alicante, Spain;
| | - Natalia Martínez-Gil
- Department of Physiology, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Alicante, 03690 Alicante, Spain; (L.C.); (N.M.-G.); (O.K.); (X.S.-S.); (C.S.-C.)
| | - Oksana Kutsyr
- Department of Physiology, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Alicante, 03690 Alicante, Spain; (L.C.); (N.M.-G.); (O.K.); (X.S.-S.); (C.S.-C.)
| | - Xavier Sánchez-Sáez
- Department of Physiology, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Alicante, 03690 Alicante, Spain; (L.C.); (N.M.-G.); (O.K.); (X.S.-S.); (C.S.-C.)
| | - Carla Sánchez-Castillo
- Department of Physiology, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Alicante, 03690 Alicante, Spain; (L.C.); (N.M.-G.); (O.K.); (X.S.-S.); (C.S.-C.)
| | - Pedro Lax
- Alicante Institute for Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL), 03010 Alicante, Spain; (P.L.); (N.C.)
- Department of Physiology, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Alicante, 03690 Alicante, Spain; (L.C.); (N.M.-G.); (O.K.); (X.S.-S.); (C.S.-C.)
| | - Nicolás Cuenca
- Alicante Institute for Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL), 03010 Alicante, Spain; (P.L.); (N.C.)
- Department of Physiology, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Alicante, 03690 Alicante, Spain; (L.C.); (N.M.-G.); (O.K.); (X.S.-S.); (C.S.-C.)
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Melatonin-Eluting Contact Lenses Effect on Tear Volume: In Vitro and In Vivo Experiments. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14051019. [PMID: 35631605 PMCID: PMC9147799 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14051019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: The purpose of this study was to synthesize melatonin-eluting contact lenses (CLs) and evaluate both the ocular kinetics of the released melatonin and its effect on tear volume and intraocular pressure. (2) Methods: In vitro, melatonin-eluting CLs were synthesized by using non-functionalized (HEMA) and functionalized (HEMA/APMA) monomers. In vivo, a short-term prospective and randomized study was performed on 15 rabbits divided into two groups: 12 rabbits wearing functionalized CLs and 3 rabbits without CLs as a control. The melatonin levels in tears, aqueous humor, vitreous body and retina, tear volume, and intraocular pressure were measured for 8 h. (3) Results: In vitro, both monomers did not show differences in terms of melatonin loading and release (p ≥ 0.05). In vivo, the melatonin concentration was elevated in tears and aqueous humor after 2 and 4 h of wearing CLs, respectively (p < 0.05). Additionally, the CLs increased tear volume for 2 h (p < 0.05). (4) Conclusions: The melatonin-eluting CLs released their content over the ocular surface for at least 2 h, which was associated with a secretagogue effect on tear volume. However, the increased amount of melatonin found in the aqueous humor had no effect on intraocular pressure.
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Administration of Melatonin in Diabetic Retinopathy Is Effective and Improves the Efficacy of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Treatment. Stem Cells Int 2022; 2022:6342594. [PMID: 35450343 PMCID: PMC9017455 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6342594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cell transplantation is a promising therapeutic technique for the treatment of a variety of diseases; nevertheless, stem cell therapy may not always work as well as it could. The goal of this study was to test the hypothesis that employing a powerful antioxidant like melatonin improves stem cell transplantation success and potentiates stem cell function in the therapy of diabetic retinopathy. For this purpose, 50 adult male rats were divided into the following: control group: this group received 0.5 ml of 0.1 M of sodium citrate buffer (pH = 4.5) (intraperitoneal (I.P.)). The confirmed diabetic rats were divided into 4 groups: diabetic group: confirmed diabetic rats received no treatments with a regular follow of the blood glucose profile for 8 weeks; melatonin group: confirmed diabetic rats received melatonin (5 mg/kg/day); stem cell group: the confirmed diabetic rats were given intravitreal injection of stem cells (2 μl cell suspension of stem cells (3 × 104 cells/μl)); and melatonin+stem cell group: confirmed diabetic rats received melatonin (5 mg/kg/day), orally once daily for 8 weeks, and 2 μl cell suspension of stem cells (3 × 104 cells/μl) was carefully injected into the vitreous cavity. Our results showed that administration of melatonin and/or stem cell restored the retinal oxidative/antioxidant redox and reduced retinal inflammatory mediators. Coadministration of melatonin and stem cells enhanced the number of transplanted stem cells in the retinal tissue and significantly reduced retinal BDEF, VEGF, APOA1, and RBP4 levels as compared to melatonin and/or stem alone. We may conclude that rats treated with melatonin and stem cells had their retinal oxidative/antioxidant redox values restored to normal and their histological abnormalities reduced. These findings support the hypothesis that interactions with the BDEF, VEGF, APOA1, and RBP4 signaling pathways are responsible for these effects.
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Shehata AS, Mohamed DA, Hagras SM, El-Beah SM, Elnegris HM. The role of hesperidin in ameliorating retinal changes in rats with experimentally induced type 1 diabetes mellitus and the active role of vascular endothelial growth factor and glial fibrillary acidic protein. Anat Cell Biol 2021; 54:465-478. [PMID: 34936987 PMCID: PMC8693142 DOI: 10.5115/acb.21.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) are vulnerable to developing diabetic retinopathy even under insulin therapy. Thus, this study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of hesperidin and insulin in rats with T1DM compared with insulin alone in improving diabetic retinal changes. Eighty rats were divided into four equal groups: group I, control rats without diabetes; group II, untreated rats with diabetes; group III, rats with diabetes treated daily with subcutaneous (SC) doses of long-acting insulin; and group IV, a rat with diabetes in which hesperidin was orally administered with SC insulin. The animals were assessed histologically, morphometrically, and biochemically. In group II, the thickness of all retinal layers decreased histologically. Ultrastructurally, degenerated retinal neurons and congested blood vessels were observed. Immunostaining detected elevated gene expression of advanced glycation end products. Gene expression of vascular endothelial growth factor, and glial fibrillary acidic protein were elevated. In this study, hesperidin supplementation with insulin significantly improved the retinal histological changes, supported by morphometric findings, compared with insulin alone. Moreover, treatment with hesperidin significantly reduced malondialdehyde and elevated serum antioxidant markers, including superoxide dismutase and catalase; furthermore, glutathione peroxidase decreased. Hesperidin might be an effective supplement for improving diabetic retinal complications occurring even with insulin treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azza Saad Shehata
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | | | | | - Shimaa Mohsen El-Beah
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Heba Mohamed Elnegris
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.,Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Badr University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt
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Oliveira-Abreu K, Cipolla-Neto J, Leal-Cardoso JH. Effects of Melatonin on Diabetic Neuropathy and Retinopathy. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:ijms23010100. [PMID: 35008523 PMCID: PMC8744787 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) leads to complications, the majority of which are nephropathy, retinopathy, and neuropathy. Redox imbalance and inflammation are important components of the pathophysiology of these complications. Many studies have been conducted to find a specific treatment for these neural complications, and some of them have investigated the therapeutic potential of melatonin (MEL), an anti-inflammatory agent and powerful antioxidant. In the present article, we review studies published over the past 21 years on the therapeutic efficacy of MEL in the treatment of DM-induced neural complications. Reports suggest that there is a real prospect of using MEL as an adjuvant treatment for hypoglycemic agents. However, analysis shows that there is a wide range of approaches regarding the doses used, duration of treatment, and treatment times in relation to the temporal course of DM. This wide range hinders an objective analysis of advances and prospective vision of the paths to be followed for the unequivocal establishment of parameters to be used in an eventual therapeutic validation of MEL in neural complications of DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klausen Oliveira-Abreu
- Laboratório de Eletrofisiologia, Instituto Superior de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Fortaleza 60714-903, CE, Brazil;
| | - José Cipolla-Neto
- Laboratório de Neurobiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas 1, Universidade de São Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil;
| | - Jose Henrique Leal-Cardoso
- Laboratório de Eletrofisiologia, Instituto Superior de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Fortaleza 60714-903, CE, Brazil;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-85-3101-9814
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14
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Katargina LA, Chesnokova NB, Beznos OV, Osipova NA, Panova AY. [Pathogenetically oriented approach to prevention of retinopathy of prematurity (experimental study)]. Vestn Oftalmol 2021; 137:26-31. [PMID: 34156775 DOI: 10.17116/oftalma202113703126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Intraperitoneal injections of exogenous melatonin during the development of the retinal vascular system in experimental rats has been shown in a number of experimental studies on the model of EROP to prevent the appearance of histological signs of the development of experimental retinopathy of prematurity (EROP), stabilize the blood-retinal barrier and have a pronounced antioxidant effect, but pathogenetic basis for these phenomena hasn't been studied. PURPOSE To study the influence mechanism of melatonin and its analogues on the development of EROP at the preclinical stage of the pathological process to substantiate new approaches to prevention of ROP. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study included 42 Wistar rat pups (84 eyes) divided into 6 groups: control group, experimental group (rat pups with EROP), experimental groups who underwent injections of melatonin and its analogues K-148, AL-3, K-096. The pups were euthanized on day 7 (4-5 pups from each group at each study period), binocular enucleation was performed, and the content of hypoxia-induced factor1α (HIF-1α) and VEGF-A was determined in retinal samples. RESULTS The intraperitoneal injections of melatonin and its analogs led to a significant decrease in the level of HIF-1α and VEGF-A in the retina of the rat pups of the experimental group until the beginning of pathological vasoproliferation. CONCLUSION Melatonin and its analogues are able to prevent the development of EROP by reducing the level of angiogenic factors in the retina of rat pups at the stage of existing avascular zones, which allows for them to be considered as a new promising approach to preventing the development of ROP.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Katargina
- Helmholtz National Medical Research Center of Eye Diseases, Moscow, Russia
| | - N B Chesnokova
- Helmholtz National Medical Research Center of Eye Diseases, Moscow, Russia
| | - O V Beznos
- Helmholtz National Medical Research Center of Eye Diseases, Moscow, Russia
| | - N A Osipova
- Helmholtz National Medical Research Center of Eye Diseases, Moscow, Russia
| | - A Yu Panova
- Helmholtz National Medical Research Center of Eye Diseases, Moscow, Russia
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15
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Zhang P, Zhou YD, Tan Y, Gao L. Protective effects of piperine on the retina of mice with streptozotocin-induced diabetes by suppressing HIF-1/VEGFA pathway and promoting PEDF expression. Int J Ophthalmol 2021; 14:656-665. [PMID: 34012879 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2021.05.04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the protective mechanisms of piperine in the retina of mice with streptozotocin-induced diabetes. METHODS In experiments in vitro, stimulation by chemical hypoxia was established in ARPE-19 cells. Then, the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA), and pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) was assessed at the mRNA and protein levels. In experiments in vivo, diabetes mellitus was established by intraperitoneally injecting 150 mg/kg streptozotocin once. After 3wk of the onset of diabetes, 15 mg/kg piperine was intraperitoneally injected once daily for 1 or 3wk. Then, the retinal morphology and mRNA and protein expression were assessed. RESULTS In hypoxia, 1-100 µmol/L piperine significantly decreased the expression of VEGFA mRNA and increased the expression of PEDF mRNA without affecting HIF-1α mRNA. Meanwhile, 100 µmol/L piperine substantially decreased the protein level of VEGFA and increased the protein level of PEDF. The HIF-1α protein level was also hampered by piperine. In the diabetic retina of mice, the morphological damage was alleviated by piperine. Likewise, the retinal vascular leakage was substantially decreased by piperine. Further, the protein levels of HIF-1α and VEGFA were significantly reduced by piperine. Moreover, the level of the antiangiogenic factor of PEDF dramatically increased by piperine. CONCLUSION Piperine may exert protective effects on the retina of mice with diabetes via regulating the pro-antiangiogenic homeostasis composed of HIF-1/VEGFA and PEDF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pu Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan Province, China.,Changsha Aier Eye Hospital, Changsha 410015, Hunan Province, China
| | - Yan-Dan Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan Province, China.,Changsha Aier Eye Hospital, Changsha 410015, Hunan Province, China
| | - Yao Tan
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan Province, China
| | - Ling Gao
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan Province, China
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16
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Influence of Circadian Rhythm in the Eye: Significance of Melatonin in Glaucoma. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11030340. [PMID: 33668357 PMCID: PMC7996162 DOI: 10.3390/biom11030340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Circadian rhythm and the molecules involved in it, such as melanopsin and melatonin, play an important role in the eye to regulate the homeostasis and even to treat some ocular conditions. As a result, many ocular pathologies like dry eye, corneal wound healing, cataracts, myopia, retinal diseases, and glaucoma are affected by this cycle. This review will summarize the current scientific literature about the influence of circadian patterns on the eye, focusing on its relationship with increased intraocular pressure (IOP) fluctuations and glaucoma. Regarding treatments, two ways should be studied: the first one, to analyze if some treatments could improve their effect on the ocular disease when their posology is established in function of circadian patterns, and the second one, to evaluate new drugs to treat eye pathologies related to the circadian rhythm, as it has been stated with melatonin or its analogs, that not only could be used as the main treatment but as coadjutant, improving the circadian pattern or its antioxidant and antiangiogenic properties.
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17
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Yan M, Wang H, Gu Y, Li X, Tao L, Lu P. Melatonin exerts protective effects on diabetic retinopathy via inhibition of Wnt/β-catenin pathway as revealed by quantitative proteomics. Exp Eye Res 2021; 205:108521. [PMID: 33636209 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2021.108521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR), the most common ocular complication resulting from diabetes in working-age adults, causes vision impairment and even blindness because of microvascular damage to the retina. Melatonin is an endogenous neurohormone possessing various biological properties, including the regulation of oxidative stress, inflammation, autophagy, and angiogenesis functions. To evaluate the effects of melatonin on DR, we first investigated the role of melatonin in retinal angiogenesis and inner blood-retina barrier (iBRB) under high glucose conditions in vitro and in vivo. Melatonin administration ameliorated high glucose-induced iBRB disruption, cell proliferation, cell migration, invasion and tube formation, and decreased the expression levels of VEGF, MMP-2, and MMP-9. Furthermore, melatonin treatment increased the level of autophagy but decreased the expression levels of inflammation-related factors under high glucose conditions. To further explore the underlying mechanism, we evaluated human retinal microvascular endothelial cells (HRMECs) via tandem mass tags (TMT)-labeled quantitative proteomics under high-glucose conditions with or without melatonin. Bioinformatics analysis results revealed that the main enrichment pathway of differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) was the Wnt pathway. We found that melatonin inhibited the activation of Wnt/β-catenin pathway following DR. These abovementioned protective effects of melatonin under hyperglycemia were blocked by lithium chloride (LiCl; activator of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway). In summary, melatonin exerts protective effects on experimental DR via inhibiting Wnt/β-catenin pathway by, at least partially, alleviating autophagic dysfunction and inflammatory activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyang Yan
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Shizi Street 188, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Haochen Wang
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical School of Soochow University, 178 East Ganjiang Road, Suzhou, 215213, China
| | - Yu Gu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Shizi Street 188, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Shizi Street 188, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Luyang Tao
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical School of Soochow University, 178 East Ganjiang Road, Suzhou, 215213, China.
| | - Peirong Lu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Shizi Street 188, Suzhou, 215006, China.
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18
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Wajid F, Poolacherla R, Mim FK, Bangash A, Rutkofsky IH. Therapeutic potential of melatonin as a chronobiotic and cytoprotective agent in diabetes mellitus. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2020; 19:1797-1825. [PMID: 33520862 PMCID: PMC7843808 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-020-00585-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Diabetes mellitus is a complex metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia occurring as a result of dysregulation and balance of various metabolic pathways. In recent years, circadian misalignment (due to altered sleep/wake, feeding/fasting cycles), has been intimately linked with the development of diabetes mellitus. Herein, we review our knowledge of oxidative stress, circadian rhythms control of metabolism, and the effects of its disruption on homeostasis while emphasizing the importance of melatonin, a nocturnally peaking, pineal hormone, as a potential therapeutic drug for the prevention and treatment of diabetes. METHODS PubMed database was systematically searched for related articles and data from all types of studies, including clinical trials, review articles, and case reports were considered without limiting the study to one specific category. RESULTS Experimental and epidemiological evidence indicate melatonin's multifaceted effects in intermediary metabolism via resynchronization of the circadian rhythms and its deficiency is associated with metabolic derangements. As a chronobiotic, it cures insomnia and sleep disorders caused by shift work or jet lag. The antagonistic relationship between melatonin and insulin highlights its influence in regulating insulin secretion, its action, and melatonin treatment successfully improved glucose homeostasis, energy balance, and overall health in diabetes mellitus. Melatonin's cytoprotective role as an antioxidant and free radical scavenger, proved useful in combating oxidative stress, preserving beta-cell function, and influencing the development of diabetic complications. CONCLUSION The therapeutic application of melatonin as a chronobiotic and cytoprotective agent is of promising significance in diabetes mellitus. Future investigations are encouraged to fully explore the efficacy of this ubiquitous molecule in various metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fareha Wajid
- California Institute of Behavioural Neuroscience and Psychology, Fairfield, CA USA
| | - Raju Poolacherla
- California Institute of Behavioural Neuroscience and Psychology, Fairfield, CA USA
| | - Fatiha Kabir Mim
- California Institute of Behavioural Neuroscience and Psychology, Fairfield, CA USA
| | - Amna Bangash
- California Institute of Behavioural Neuroscience and Psychology, Fairfield, CA USA
| | - Ian H. Rutkofsky
- California Institute of Behavioural Neuroscience and Psychology, Fairfield, CA USA
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19
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Shahriari M, Mehrzadi S, Naseripour M, Fatemi I, Hosseinzadeh A, Kanavi MR, Ghaznavi H. Beneficial Effects of Melatonin and Atorvastatin on Retinopathy in Streptozocin-induced Diabetic Rats. CURRENT DRUG THERAPY 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1574885514666191204104925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Objective:
The present study was designed to evaluate the effects of Atorvastatin (ATO)
plus Melatonin (MEL) on streptozocin-induced Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) in rats.
Methods:
Diabetes was induced in Wistar rats with an intraperitoneal injection of streptozocin
(50 mg/kg). Animals were randomly assigned to one of the following groups (8 rats/group): Control
group, Diabetic group, Diabetic + MEL group (20 mg/kg/day), Diabetic + ATO group (10
mg/kg/day), Diabetic + MEL + ATO group (as above). Treatments were started one week after
induction of diabetes and continued for 7 weeks. At the end of the experiment, angiography was
performed and the rats were killed and retinas were harvested for pathological and molecular examinations.
Results:
Administration of MEL reduced the fluorescein leakage, MDA and ROS levels compared
to diabetic group. Treatment with ATO only reduced ROS levels compared to diabetic group. In
addition, administration of ATO plus MEL decreased these indices compared to the diabetic and
ATO groups. Histologically, retinal vascular congestion was not observed in the combined ATO
and MEL group as compared to the diabetic, ATO, and MEL groups.
Conclusion:
These data provide evidence for the therapeutic value of MEL in combination with
ATO in clinical practice for prevention of DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mansoor Shahriari
- Ophthalmic Research Center, Imam Hossein Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Mehrzadi
- Razi Drug Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masood Naseripour
- Eye Research Center, Rassoul Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Iman Fatemi
- Research Center for Tropical and Infectious Diseases, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Azam Hosseinzadeh
- Razi Drug Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mozhgan Rezaei Kanavi
- Ocular Tissue Engineering Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Habib Ghaznavi
- Department of Pharmacology, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
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20
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Scuderi L, Davinelli S, Iodice CM, Bartollino S, Scapagnini G, Costagliola C, Scuderi G. Melatonin: Implications for Ocular Disease and Therapeutic Potential. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 25:4185-4191. [PMID: 31724508 DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666191113110225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin, an indoleamine secreted mainly by the pineal gland, is known to modulate a wide range of circadian functions. However, this neurohormone is also synthesized within the eye and acts directly on ocular structures to mediate a variety of physiological processes. This review is focused on the role and therapeutic potential of melatonin in ocular diseases. We summarize data indicating that melatonin may represent a powerful tool to counteract ocular dysfunctions such as uveitis, glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration, and diabetic retinopathy. A search strategy was conducted to identify studies in PubMed (January 1990 to September 2017). In particular, we included experimental studies, clinical trials, and reviews to provide suitable insights and elucidations regarding the action of melatonin on age-related ocular disorders. Literature data suggest that melatonin could potentially protect ocular tissues by decreasing the production of free radicals and pro-inflammatory mediators. Additionally, melatonin appears to be safe and well-tolerated, even at high doses, and no adverse/side effects were reported. Although this topic remains under intense investigation, we can conclude that melatonin, as a single agent or in combination with other drugs, is an attractive pharmacological candidate for age-related ocular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Scuderi
- Neuroscience, Mental Health and Sense Organs Department, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | - Sergio Davinelli
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences "V. Tiberio", University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Clemente Maria Iodice
- Neuroscience, Mental Health and Sense Organs Department, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Bartollino
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences "V. Tiberio", University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Giovanni Scapagnini
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences "V. Tiberio", University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Ciro Costagliola
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences "V. Tiberio", University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Gianluca Scuderi
- Neuroscience, Mental Health and Sense Organs Department, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy
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21
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Update on the Effects of Antioxidants on Diabetic Retinopathy: In Vitro Experiments, Animal Studies and Clinical Trials. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9060561. [PMID: 32604941 PMCID: PMC7346101 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9060561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Current therapies for diabetic retinopathy (DR) incorporate blood glucose and blood pressure control, vitrectomy, photocoagulation, and intravitreal injections of anti-vascular endothelial growth factors or corticosteroids. Nonetheless, these techniques have not been demonstrated to completely stop the evolution of this disorder. The pathophysiology of DR is not fully known, but there is more and more evidence indicating that oxidative stress is an important mechanism in the progression of DR. In this sense, antioxidants have been suggested as a possible therapy to reduce the complications of DR. In this review we aim to assemble updated information in relation to in vitro experiments, animal studies and clinical trials dealing with the effect of the antioxidants on DR.
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22
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Melatonin regulates the expression of inflammatory cytokines, VEGF and apoptosis in diabetic retinopathy in rats. Chem Biol Interact 2020; 327:109183. [PMID: 32554039 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2020.109183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The present study analyzed whether melatonin could mediate the expression of VEGF, IL-6 and TNF-α, as well as the apoptotic index in rats with diabetic retinopathy. Fifty Wistar albino rats were divided into the following groups: GC: rats without induction of diabetes by streptozotocin; GD: rats induced to diabetes by streptozotocin and treated with placebo; GDM: rats induced to diabetes by streptozotocin and after confirmation treated with melatonin at a dose of 10 mg/kg for 20 days; GDMS: rats induced to diabetes by streptozotocin and treated simultaneously with melatonin at a dosage of 10 mg/kg for 20 days; GDI: rats induced to diabetes by streptozotocin and after confirmation treated with insulin for 20 days. Diabetes was induced by intraperitoneal injections of streptozotocin (60 mg/kg), and insulin (5 U/day) was administered subcutaneously. For apoptosis TUNEL was used, while for the analysis of VEGF, IL-6 and TNF-α. The results showed that the groups that were treated with melatonin decreased the expression of cytokines and VEGF, in addition to apoptosis. Thus, it is concluded that melatonin can regulate the expression of these factors by improving the condition of the retina in diabetic retinopathy.
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23
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Mirza-Aghazadeh-Attari M, Reiter RJ, Rikhtegar R, Jalili J, Hajalioghli P, Mihanfar A, Majidinia M, Yousefi B. Melatonin: An atypical hormone with major functions in the regulation of angiogenesis. IUBMB Life 2020; 72:1560-1584. [PMID: 32329956 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine), a pleotropic molecule with a wide distribution, has received considerable attention in recent years, mostly because of its various major effects on tissues or cells since it has both receptor-dependent and receptor-independent actions over a wide range of concentrations. These biological and physiological functions of melatonin include regulation of circadian rhythms by modulating the expression of core oscillator genes, scavenging the reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species, modulating the immune system and inflammatory response, and exerting cytoprotective and antiapoptotic effects. Given the multiple critical roles of melatonin, dysregulation of its production or any disruption in signaling through its receptors may have contributed in the development of a wide range of disorders including type 2 diabetes, aging, immune-mediated diseases, hypertension, and cancer. Herein, we focus on the modulatory effects of melatonin on angiogenesis and its implications as a therapeutic strategy in cancer and related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Mirza-Aghazadeh-Attari
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Russel J Reiter
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Reza Rikhtegar
- Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Javad Jalili
- Radiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Parisa Hajalioghli
- Radiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ainaz Mihanfar
- Solid Tumor Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Maryam Majidinia
- Solid Tumor Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Bahman Yousefi
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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24
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Pourhanifeh MH, Hosseinzadeh A, Dehdashtian E, Hemati K, Mehrzadi S. Melatonin: new insights on its therapeutic properties in diabetic complications. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2020; 12:30. [PMID: 32280378 PMCID: PMC7140344 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-020-00537-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes and diabetic complications are considered as leading causes of both morbidity and mortality in the world. Unfortunately, routine medical treatments used for affected patients possess undesirable side effects, including kidney and liver damages as well as gastrointestinal adverse reactions. Therefore, exploring the novel therapeutic strategies for diabetic patients is a crucial issue. It has been recently shown that melatonin, as main product of the pineal gland, despite its various pharmacological features including anticancer, anti-aging, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, exerts anti-diabetic properties through regulating various cellular mechanisms. The aim of the present review is to describe potential roles of melatonin in the treatment of diabetes and its complications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Azam Hosseinzadeh
- Razi Drug Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ehsan Dehdashtian
- School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Karim Hemati
- Department of Anesthesiology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Mehrzadi
- Razi Drug Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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25
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Mok JX, Ooi JH, Ng KY, Koh RY, Chye SM. A new prospective on the role of melatonin in diabetes and its complications. Horm Mol Biol Clin Investig 2019; 40:/j/hmbci.ahead-of-print/hmbci-2019-0036/hmbci-2019-0036.xml. [PMID: 31693492 DOI: 10.1515/hmbci-2019-0036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin is a hormone secreted by the pineal gland under the control of the circadian rhythm, and is released in the dark and suppressed during the day. In the past decades, melatonin has been considered to be used in the treatment for diabetes mellitus (DM). This is due to a functional inter-relationship between melatonin and insulin. Elevated oxidative stress is a feature found in DM associated with diabetic neuropathy (DN), retinopathy (DR), nephropathy and cardiovascular disease. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitrogen oxidative species (NOS) are usually produced in massive amounts via glucose and lipid peroxidation, and this leads to diabetic complications. At the molecular level, ROS causes damage to the biomolecules and triggers apoptosis. Melatonin, as an antioxidant and a free radical scavenger, ameliorates oxidative stress caused by ROS and NOS. Besides that, melatonin administration is proven to bring other anti-DM effects such as reducing cellular apoptosis and promoting the production of antioxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Xin Mok
- School of Medical Laboratory Science, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand.,University of Otago, Dunedin School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Medical Laboratory Science, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
| | - Jack Hau Ooi
- International Medical University, School of Health Science, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
| | - Khuen Yen Ng
- Monash University Malaysia, School of Pharmacy, Selangor 47500, Malaysia
| | - Rhun Yian Koh
- International Medical University, School of Health Science, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
| | - Soi Moi Chye
- International Medical University, School of Health Science, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia.,School of Health Science, Division of Biomedical Science and Biotechnology, International Medical University, No. 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, Phone: +60-3-27317220, Fax: +06-3-86567229
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26
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Zhao CN, Wang P, Mao YM, Dan YL, Wu Q, Li XM, Wang DG, Davis C, Hu W, Pan HF. Potential role of melatonin in autoimmune diseases. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2019; 48:1-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2019.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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27
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Doğanlar ZB, Güçlü H, Öztopuz Ö, Türkön H, Dogan A, Uzun M, Doğanlar O. The Role of Melatonin in Oxidative Stress, DNA Damage, Apoptosis and Angiogenesis in Fetal Eye under Preeclampsia and Melatonin Deficiency Stress. Curr Eye Res 2019; 44:1157-1169. [PMID: 31090463 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2019.1619778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the possible mechanisms of ocular damage induced by pinealectomy (PNX) and preeclampsia (PE), and to determine the cellular and molecular effects of melatonin treatment on oxidative stress, DNA damage, molecular chaperone responses, induction of apoptosis and angiogenesis in the fetal eye of both PNX and PNX+PE animals. Material and Methods: We analysed therapeutic potential of melatonin on fetal eye damage in PNX and PNX+PE animals using Malondialdehyde (MDA), Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD), qRT-PCR and Western blot assays. Results: Our study presents three preliminary findings: (a) in fetal eye tissues, PNX and PNX+PE significantly induce oxidative damage to both DNA and protein contents, leading to a dramatic increase in caspase-dependent apoptotic signalling in both mitochondrial and death receptor pathways; (b) the same conditions trigger hypoxia biomarkers in addition to significant overexpression of HIF1-α, HIF1-β, MMP9 and VEGF genes in the fetal eye; (c) finally, melatonin regulates not only the expression of genes encoding antioxidant enzymes and increase in DNA damage as well as lipid peroxidation but also limits programmed cell death processes in the fetal eye of PNX and PNX+PE animals . Furthermore, melatonin can relatively modulate genes in the HIF1 family, TNF-α and VEGF, thus acting as a direct anti-angiogenic molecule. In conclusion, both PNX and PNX+PE induce ocular damage at both cellular and molecular levels in fetal eye tissue of rats. Conclusion: Our results clearly indicate the potential of melatonin as a preventative therapeutic intervention for fetal ocular damage triggered by both PNX and PNX+PE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeynep Banu Doğanlar
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Trakya University , Edirne , Turkey
| | - Hande Güçlü
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Trakya University , Edirne , Turkey
| | - Özlem Öztopuz
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University , Çanakkale , Turkey
| | - Hakan Türkön
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University , Çanakkale , Turkey
| | - Ayten Dogan
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Trakya University , Edirne , Turkey
| | - Metehan Uzun
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University , Çanakkale , Turkey
| | - Oguzhan Doğanlar
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Trakya University , Edirne , Turkey
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28
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Chang JYA, Yu F, Shi L, Ko ML, Ko GYP. Melatonin Affects Mitochondrial Fission/Fusion Dynamics in the Diabetic Retina. J Diabetes Res 2019; 2019:8463125. [PMID: 31098384 PMCID: PMC6487082 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8463125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial fission and fusion are dependent on cellular nutritional states, and maintaining this dynamics is critical for the health of cells. Starvation triggers mitochondrial fusion to maintain bioenergetic efficiency, but during nutrient overloads (as with hyperglycemic conditions), fragmenting mitochondria is a way to store nutrients to avoid waste of energy. In addition to ATP production, mitochondria play an important role in buffering intracellular calcium (Ca2+). We found that in cultured 661W cells, a photoreceptor-derived cell line, hyperglycemic conditions triggered an increase of the expression of dynamin-related protein 1 (DRP1), a protein marker of mitochondrial fission, and a decrease of mitofusin 2 (MFN2), a protein for mitochondrial fusion. Further, these hyperglycemic cells also had decreased mitochondrial Ca2+ but increased cytosolic Ca2+. Treating these hyperglycemic cells with melatonin, a multifaceted antioxidant, averted hyperglycemia-altered mitochondrial fission-and-fusion dynamics and mitochondrial Ca2+ levels. To mimic how people most commonly take melatonin supplements, we gave melatonin to streptozotocin- (STZ-) induced type 1 diabetic mice by daily oral gavage and determined the effects of melatonin on diabetic eyes. We found that melatonin was not able to reverse the STZ-induced systemic hyperglycemic condition, but it prevented STZ-induced damage to the neural retina and retinal microvasculature. The beneficial effects of melatonin in the neural retina in part were through alleviating STZ-caused changes in mitochondrial dynamics and Ca2+ buffering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet Ya-An Chang
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
- Interdisciplinary Toxicology Program, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Fei Yu
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Liheng Shi
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Michael L. Ko
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Gladys Y.-P. Ko
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
- Interdisciplinary Toxicology Program, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
- Texas A&M Institute of Neuroscience, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
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29
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Ding M, Feng N, Tang D, Feng J, Li Z, Jia M, Liu Z, Gu X, Wang Y, Fu F, Pei J. Melatonin prevents Drp1-mediated mitochondrial fission in diabetic hearts through SIRT1-PGC1α pathway. J Pineal Res 2018; 65:e12491. [PMID: 29575122 PMCID: PMC6099285 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 249] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Myocardial contractile dysfunction is associated with an increase in mitochondrial fission in patients with diabetes. However, whether mitochondrial fission directly promotes diabetes-induced cardiac dysfunction is still unknown. Melatonin exerts a substantial influence on the regulation of mitochondrial fission/fusion. This study investigated whether melatonin protects against diabetes-induced cardiac dysfunction via regulation of mitochondrial fission/fusion and explored its underlying mechanisms. Here, we show that melatonin prevented diabetes-induced cardiac dysfunction by inhibiting dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1)-mediated mitochondrial fission. Melatonin treatment decreased Drp1 expression, inhibited mitochondrial fragmentation, suppressed oxidative stress, reduced cardiomyocyte apoptosis, improved mitochondrial function and cardiac function in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice, but not in SIRT1-/- diabetic mice. In high glucose-exposed H9c2 cells, melatonin treatment increased the expression of SIRT1 and PGC-1α and inhibited Drp1-mediated mitochondrial fission and mitochondria-derived superoxide production. In contrast, SIRT1 or PGC-1α siRNA knockdown blunted the inhibitory effects of melatonin on Drp1 expression and mitochondrial fission. These data indicated that melatonin exerted its cardioprotective effects by reducing Drp1-mediated mitochondrial fission in a SIRT1/PGC-1α-dependent manner. Moreover, chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis revealed that PGC-1α directly regulated the expression of Drp1 by binding to its promoter. Inhibition of mitochondrial fission with Drp1 inhibitor mdivi-1 suppressed oxidative stress, alleviated mitochondrial dysfunction and cardiac dysfunction in diabetic mice. These findings show that melatonin attenuates the development of diabetes-induced cardiac dysfunction by preventing mitochondrial fission through SIRT1-PGC1α pathway, which negatively regulates the expression of Drp1 directly. Inhibition of mitochondrial fission may be a potential target for delaying cardiac complications in patients with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingge Ding
- Department of Cardiology and Department of GeriatricsXi'an Central HospitalXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Na Feng
- Department of PhysiologyNational Key Discipline of Cell BiologySchool of Basic MedicineFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Daishi Tang
- Department of EndocrinologyAffiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian UniversityDalianChina
| | - Jiahao Feng
- Department of PhysiologyNational Key Discipline of Cell BiologySchool of Basic MedicineFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Zeyang Li
- Department of PhysiologyNational Key Discipline of Cell BiologySchool of Basic MedicineFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Min Jia
- Department of PhysiologyNational Key Discipline of Cell BiologySchool of Basic MedicineFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Zhenhua Liu
- Department of PhysiologyNational Key Discipline of Cell BiologySchool of Basic MedicineFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Xiaoming Gu
- Department of PhysiologyNational Key Discipline of Cell BiologySchool of Basic MedicineFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Yuemin Wang
- Department of PhysiologyNational Key Discipline of Cell BiologySchool of Basic MedicineFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Feng Fu
- Department of PhysiologyNational Key Discipline of Cell BiologySchool of Basic MedicineFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Jianming Pei
- Department of PhysiologyNational Key Discipline of Cell BiologySchool of Basic MedicineFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
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30
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Bennis A, Jacobs JG, Catsburg LAE, Ten Brink JB, Koster C, Schlingemann RO, van Meurs J, Gorgels TGMF, Moerland PD, Heine VM, Bergen AA. Stem Cell Derived Retinal Pigment Epithelium: The Role of Pigmentation as Maturation Marker and Gene Expression Profile Comparison with Human Endogenous Retinal Pigment Epithelium. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2018; 13:659-669. [PMID: 28730556 PMCID: PMC5602068 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-017-9754-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
In age-related macular degeneration (AMD) the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) deteriorates, leading to photoreceptor decay and severe vision loss. New therapeutic strategies aim at RPE replacement by transplantation of pluripotent stem cell (PSC)-derived RPE. Several protocols to generate RPE have been developed where appearance of pigmentation is commonly used as indicator of RPE differentiation and maturation. It is, however, unclear how different pigmentation stages reflect developmental stages and functionality of PSC-derived RPE cells. We generated human embryonic stem cell-derived RPE (hESC-RPE) cells and investigated their gene expression profiles at early pigmentation (EP) and late pigmentation (LP) stages. In addition, we compared the hESC-RPE samples with human endogenous RPE. We used a common reference design microarray (44 K). Our analysis showed that maturing hESC-RPE, upon acquiring pigmentation, expresses markers specific for human RPE. Interestingly, our analysis revealed that EP and LP hESC-RPE do not differ much in gene expression. Our data further showed that pigmented hESC-RPE has a significant lower expression than human endogenous RPE in the visual cycle and oxidative stress pathways. In contrast, we observed a significantly higher expression of pathways related to the process adhesion-to-polarity model that is typical of developing epithelial cells. We conclude that, in vitro, the first appearance of pigmentation hallmarks differentiated RPE. However, further increase in pigmentation does not result in much significant gene expression changes and does not add important RPE functionalities. Consequently, our results suggest that the time span for obtaining differentiated hESC-RPE cells, that are suitable for transplantation, may be greatly reduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bennis
- Department of Clinical Genetics, AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,The Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience (NIN-KNAW), Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J G Jacobs
- Department of Pediatrics/Child Neurology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - L A E Catsburg
- Department of Clinical Genetics, AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J B Ten Brink
- Department of Clinical Genetics, AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,The Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience (NIN-KNAW), Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - C Koster
- Department of Clinical Genetics, AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - R O Schlingemann
- Ocular Angiogenesis Group, AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Ophthalmology, AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Cell Biology and Histology, AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J van Meurs
- Rotterdam Eye Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - T G M F Gorgels
- The Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience (NIN-KNAW), Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,University Eye Clinic Maastricht, MUMC+, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - P D Moerland
- Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - V M Heine
- Department of Pediatrics/Child Neurology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. .,Department of Complex Trait Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - A A Bergen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. .,The Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience (NIN-KNAW), Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. .,Department of Ophthalmology, AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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31
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Oral supplementation with melatonin reduces oxidative damage and concentrations of inducible nitric oxide synthase, VEGF and matrix metalloproteinase 9 in the retina of rats with streptozotocin/nicotinamide induced pre-diabetes. Eur J Pharmacol 2018; 833:290-297. [PMID: 29890158 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2018.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Hyperglycemia mediated oxidative stress and pro-angiogenic molecules such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) are considered important for diabetic retinopathy onset and progression. Melatonin is a pineal hormone that regulates circadian and seasonal rhythms and most likely is involved in regulating glucose metabolism. We aimed to evaluate the potential benefit of melatonin supplementation to the pre-diabetic retina by assessing melatonin effects on lipid peroxidation (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, TBARS), protein oxidation (advanced oxidation protein products, AOPP) and concentrations of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), VEGF and MMP9 in the retina of rats with pre-diabetes. Pre-diabetes was induced by streptozotocin (45 mg/kg, i.p.) following nicotinamide injection (110 mg/kg, i.p.). Beside mild hyperglycemia, lower serum insulin, increased fructosamine and lower HDL cholesterol, the present study demonstrated decreased serum melatonin in pre-diabetic rats, as well as, increased concentration of retinal TBARS, AOPP, iNOS, VEGF, and MMP9. Oral supplementation with melatonin (85 μg/animal/day) caused melatonin and HDL cholesterol levels to rise in treated rats and reduced levels of fasting serum glucose and fructosamine. It also affected serum insulin and quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) in treated groups but had no significant effect on non-fasting glucose. Finally, supplementation with melatonin reduced concentrations of TBARS, AOPP, iNOS, VEGF, and MMP9 in significant level, thereby exerting an overall positive effect on oxidative stress and pro-angiogenic signaling in the pre-diabetic retina. Thus, oral melatonin might be considered in an early treatment or in the prevention of retinal changes associated with pre-diabetes.
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32
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Al-Sarraf IAK, Kasabri V, Akour A, Naffa R. Melatonin and cryptochrome 2 in metabolic syndrome patients with or without diabetes: a cross-sectional study. Horm Mol Biol Clin Investig 2018; 35:/j/hmbci.ahead-of-print/hmbci-2018-0016/hmbci-2018-0016.xml. [PMID: 29813030 DOI: 10.1515/hmbci-2018-0016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Background Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of metabolic risk factors which increases the chances for future cardiovascular diseases, as well as diabetes. The underlying causes of MetS include overweight and obesity, physical inactivity and genetic factors. Our intension here was to focus in this study on the importance of the chronobiology, represented by melatonin (MT) and cryptochrome 2 (CRY2), in developing MetS and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Thus, we aimed to compare MT and CRY2 plasma levels and correlate both biomarkers with adiposity, atherogenicity and hematological indices in MetS and T2DM cohorts. Methods In a cross-sectional study, 28 normoglycemic lean subjects (controls), 29 normoglycemic MetS subjects and 30 MetS (pre-diabetic/diabetic) were recruited. Results MT (pg/mL) was elevated significantly in MetS arm p-value < 0.05, whereas CRY2 levels (ng/mL) were markedly higher in both MetS groups (non-diabetic and pre-diabetic/diabetic) (all with p-value < 0.001). A reciprocal MT-CRY2 relationship was observed in the MetS (non-diabetic) group (p-value = 0.003). Of note in the total study population, both MT and CRY2 proportionally correlated with each of the following: atherogenicity index of plasma (AIP), waist circumference (WC) and systolic blood pressure (SBP) (all with p-value < 0.05) for MT and CRY2, respectively). Whereas MT correlated inversely with high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) (p-value < 0.05). Additionally, CRY2 correlated directly with each of the following: diastolic blood pressure (DBP), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C), hip circumference (HC), body adiposity index (BAI), weight-to-height (WHtR) ratio, mean platelet volume (MPV) and platelet/lymphocyte ratio (PLR) (p-value < 0.05). Conclusion These findings substantiate that both metabolic risk biomarkers can be prognostic tools and pharmacotherapeutic targets to slowdown the accelerated nature of T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Violet Kasabri
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Jordan, Queen Rania Street, Amman, 11942, Jordan, Phone: +96265355000, Fax: +9625300520
| | - Amal Akour
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Randa Naffa
- School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
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33
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Mehrzadi S, Motevalian M, Rezaei Kanavi M, Fatemi I, Ghaznavi H, Shahriari M. Protective effect of melatonin in the diabetic rat retina. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2018; 32:414-421. [PMID: 29495082 DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Revised: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the most common and serious microvascular complications of diabetes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of melatonin (MEL) on retinal injury in diabetic rats. In this study, 21 rats were randomly divided into three groups: control, diabetic, and diabetic + MEL. Streptozotocin was used to induce diabetes at a dose of 50 mg/kg, i.p., and blood glucose was measured to choose the diabetic rats for the study. MEL (20 mg/kg) was given orally for 7 weeks in diabetic rats starting 1 week after induction of diabetes. After 8 weeks, the groups were compared in terms of mean scores of fluorescein leakage, using fluorescein angiography. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were estimated in retina using commercially available assays. Structural changes in retinas were evaluated by light microscopy. Results showed that diabetes significantly increased the mean scores of fluorescein leakage, and MDA and ROS levels compared to control group. Treatment of the diabetic rats with MEL for 7 weeks prevented the alterations induced by diabetes in comparison with the diabetic control group.Based on these findings, it can be concluded that MEL might have beneficial effects in prevention of DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Mehrzadi
- Razi Drug Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 8813457776, Iran
| | - Manijeh Motevalian
- Razi Drug Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 8813457776, Iran
| | - Mozhgan Rezaei Kanavi
- Ocular Tissue Engineering Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 8812519894, Iran
| | - Iman Fatemi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, 7719617996, Iran.,Physiology-Pharmacology Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, 7719617996, Iran
| | - Habib Ghaznavi
- Department of Pharmacology, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, 4537619851, Iran
| | - Mansoor Shahriari
- Ophthalmic Research Center, Imam Hossein Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 8814523979, Iran
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Hosseinzadeh A, Javad-Moosavi SA, Reiter RJ, Hemati K, Ghaznavi H, Mehrzadi S. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) signaling pathways and protective roles of melatonin. Life Sci 2018; 201:17-29. [PMID: 29567077 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is characterized by the progressive loss of lung function due to tissue scarring. A variety of pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrogenic factors including interleukin‑17A, transforming growth factor β, Wnt/β‑catenin, vascular endothelial growth factor, platelet-derived growth factor, fibroblast growth factors, endotelin‑1, renin angiotensin system and impaired caveolin‑1 function are involved in the IPF pathogenesis. Current therapies for IPF have some limitations and this highlights the need for effective therapeutic agents to treat this fatal disease. Melatonin and its metabolites are broad-spectrum antioxidants that not only remove reactive oxygen and nitrogen species by radical scavenging but also up-regulate the expression and activity of endogenous antioxidants. Via these actions, melatonin and its metabolites modulate a variety of molecular pathways in different pathophysiological conditions. Herein, we review the signaling pathways involved in the pathophysiology of IPF and the potentially protective effects of melatonin on these pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azam Hosseinzadeh
- Razi Drug Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Russel J Reiter
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, UT Health, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Karim Hemati
- Department of Anesthesiology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Anesthesiology, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Habib Ghaznavi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Saeed Mehrzadi
- Razi Drug Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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35
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Dehdashtian E, Mehrzadi S, Yousefi B, Hosseinzadeh A, Reiter RJ, Safa M, Ghaznavi H, Naseripour M. Diabetic retinopathy pathogenesis and the ameliorating effects of melatonin; involvement of autophagy, inflammation and oxidative stress. Life Sci 2018; 193:20-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2017.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Revised: 11/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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36
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Tugcu B, Nacaroglu SA, Gedikbasi A, Uhri M, Acar N, Ozdemir H. Protective effect of pomegranate juice on retinal oxidative stress in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Int J Ophthalmol 2017; 10:1662-1668. [PMID: 29181308 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2017.11.05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the effect of pomegranate juice (PJ) intake on overall oxidation status in retinas of diabetic rats. METHODS Twenty-seven rats were divided into four groups as control (CO), diabetic (DM), control treated with PJ (CO-PJ), and diabetic treated with PJ (DM-PJ).The retina tissues were used to determine 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8OHdG), malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH) levels, and the enzyme activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px). RESULTS The levels of 8OHdG and MDA were significantly increased in the retina of DM group compared to CO group (P=0.001, P<0.001 respectively). Both 8OHdG and MDA levels were decreased in PJ-DM group compared to DM group (P=0.004, P<0.001 respectively). The activities of antioxidant enzymes GSH, SOD, and GDH-Px were significantly decreased in the retina of DM group compared to CO group (P≤0.01). GSH and GSH-Px activities were higher in PJ-DM group compared with DM group (P=0.010, P=0.042, respectively) but SOD activity was not statistically different (P=0.938). CONCLUSION PJ intake is found to be effective in decreasing oxidative end products, and in increasing the activities of antioxidant enzymes in diabetic retinas of rats, which suggests it may be effective against oxidative stress in diabetic retinas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betul Tugcu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Bezmialem University, Istanbul 34093, Turkey
| | - Senay Asik Nacaroglu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bagcilar Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul 34200, Turkey
| | - Asuman Gedikbasi
- Department of Biochemistry, Bakirkoy Dr. Sadi Konuk Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul 34147, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Uhri
- Department of Pathology, Kanuni Sultan Suleyman Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul 34303, Turkey
| | - Nur Acar
- Department of Ophthalmology, Acibadem University, School of Medicine, Istanbul 34457, Turkey
| | - Hakan Ozdemir
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Bezmialem University, Istanbul 34093, Turkey
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Crooke A, Huete-Toral F, Colligris B, Pintor J. The role and therapeutic potential of melatonin in age-related ocular diseases. J Pineal Res 2017; 63. [PMID: 28658514 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The eye is continuously exposed to solar UV radiation and pollutants, making it prone to oxidative attacks. In fact, oxidative damage is a major cause of age-related ocular diseases including cataract, glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration, and diabetic retinopathy. As the nature of lens cells, trabecular meshwork cells, retinal ganglion cells, retinal pigment epithelial cells, and photoreceptors is postmitotic, autophagy plays a critical role in their cellular homeostasis. In age-related ocular diseases, this process is impaired, and thus, oxidative damage becomes irreversible. Other conditions such as low-grade chronic inflammation and angiogenesis also contribute to the development of retinal diseases (glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration and diabetic retinopathy). As melatonin is known to have remarkable qualities such as antioxidant/antinitridergic, mitochondrial protector, autophagy modulator, anti-inflammatory, and anti-angiogenic, it can represent a powerful tool to counteract all these diseases. The present review analyzes the role and therapeutic potential of melatonin in age-related ocular diseases, focusing on nitro-oxidative stress, autophagy, inflammation, and angiogenesis mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Almudena Crooke
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology IV, Group Ocupharm, Faculty of Optics and Optometry, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Huete-Toral
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology IV, Group Ocupharm, Faculty of Optics and Optometry, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Basilio Colligris
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology IV, Group Ocupharm, Faculty of Optics and Optometry, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Pintor
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology IV, Group Ocupharm, Faculty of Optics and Optometry, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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38
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McCarty MF. Supplementation with Phycocyanobilin, Citrulline, Taurine, and Supranutritional Doses of Folic Acid and Biotin-Potential for Preventing or Slowing the Progression of Diabetic Complications. Healthcare (Basel) 2017; 5:E15. [PMID: 28335416 PMCID: PMC5371921 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare5010015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Revised: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress, the resulting uncoupling of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), and loss of nitric oxide (NO) bioactivity, are key mediators of the vascular and microvascular complications of diabetes. Much of this oxidative stress arises from up-regulated nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase activity. Phycocyanobilin (PhyCB), the light-harvesting chromophore in edible cyanobacteria such as spirulina, is a biliverdin derivative that shares the ability of free bilirubin to inhibit certain isoforms of NADPH oxidase. Epidemiological studies reveal that diabetics with relatively elevated serum bilirubin are less likely to develop coronary disease or microvascular complications; this may reflect the ability of bilirubin to ward off these complications via inhibition of NADPH oxidase. Oral PhyCB may likewise have potential in this regard, and has been shown to protect diabetic mice from glomerulosclerosis. With respect to oxidant-mediated uncoupling of eNOS, high-dose folate can help to reverse this by modulating the oxidation status of the eNOS cofactor tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4). Oxidation of BH4 yields dihydrobiopterin (BH2), which competes with BH4 for binding to eNOS and promotes its uncoupling. The reduced intracellular metabolites of folate have versatile oxidant-scavenging activity that can prevent oxidation of BH4; concurrently, these metabolites promote induction of dihydrofolate reductase, which functions to reconvert BH2 to BH4, and hence alleviate the uncoupling of eNOS. The arginine metabolite asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), typically elevated in diabetics, also uncouples eNOS by competitively inhibiting binding of arginine to eNOS; this effect is exacerbated by the increased expression of arginase that accompanies diabetes. These effects can be countered via supplementation with citrulline, which efficiently enhances tissue levels of arginine. With respect to the loss of NO bioactivity that contributes to diabetic complications, high dose biotin has the potential to "pinch hit" for diminished NO by direct activation of soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC). High-dose biotin also may aid glycemic control via modulatory effects on enzyme induction in hepatocytes and pancreatic beta cells. Taurine, which suppresses diabetic complications in rodents, has the potential to reverse the inactivating impact of oxidative stress on sGC by boosting synthesis of hydrogen sulfide. Hence, it is proposed that concurrent administration of PhyCB, citrulline, taurine, and supranutritional doses of folate and biotin may have considerable potential for prevention and control of diabetic complications. Such a regimen could also be complemented with antioxidants such as lipoic acid, N-acetylcysteine, and melatonin-that boost cellular expression of antioxidant enzymes and glutathione-as well as astaxanthin, zinc, and glycine. The development of appropriate functional foods might make it feasible for patients to use complex nutraceutical regimens of the sort suggested here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark F McCarty
- Catalytic Longevity, 7831 Rush Rose Dr., Apt. 316, Carlsbad, CA 92009, USA.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Melatonin is a neuroendocrine hormone synthesized primarily by the pineal gland. Numerous studies have suggested that melatonin plays an important role in various cardiovascular diseases. In this article, recent progress regarding melatonin's effects on cardiovascular diseases is reviewed. RECENT FINDINGS In the past year, studies have focused on the mechanism of protection of melatonin on cardiovascular diseases, including myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury, myocardial hypoxia-reoxygenation injury, pulmonary hypertension, hypertension, atherosclerosis, valvular heart diseases, and other cardiovascular diseases. SUMMARY Studies have demonstrated that melatonin has significant effects on ischemia-reperfusion injury, myocardial chronic intermittent hypoxia injury, pulmonary hypertension, hypertension, valvular heart diseases, vascular diseases, and lipid metabolism. As an inexpensive and well tolerated drug, melatonin may be a new therapeutic option for cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Sun
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Aaron M. Gusdon
- Department of Pathology, Division of Neuropathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, USA
| | - Shen Qu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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Protective Effects of Melatonin on Retinal Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in Experimental Diabetic Retinopathy. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:3528274. [PMID: 27143993 PMCID: PMC4837288 DOI: 10.1155/2016/3528274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Revised: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress and inflammation are important pathogenic factors contributing to the etiology of diabetic retinopathy (DR). Melatonin is an endogenous hormone that exhibits a variety of biological effects including antioxidant and anti-inflammatory functions. The goals of this study were to determine whether melatonin could ameliorate retinal injury and to explore the potential mechanisms. Diabetes was induced by a single intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of STZ (60 mg/kg) in Sprague-Dawley rats. Melatonin (10 mg kg(-1) daily, i.p.) was administered from the induction of diabetes and continued for up to 12 weeks, after which the animals were sacrificed and retinal samples were collected. The retina of diabetic rats showed depletion of glutathione and downregulation of glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL). Melatonin significantly upregulated GCL by retaining Nrf2 in the nucleus and stimulating Akt phosphorylation. The production of proinflammatory cytokines and proteins, including interleukin 1β, TNF-α, and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), was inhibited by melatonin through the NF-κB pathway. At 12 weeks, melatonin prevented the significant decrease in the ERG a- and b-wave amplitudes under the diabetic condition. Our results suggest potent protective functions of melatonin in diabetic retinopathy. In addition to being a direct antioxidant, melatonin can exert receptor-mediated signaling effects to attenuate inflammation and oxidative stress of the retina.
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Zhao L, Liu H, Yue L, Zhang J, Li X, Wang B, Lin Y, Qu Y. Melatonin Attenuates Early Brain Injury via the Melatonin Receptor/Sirt1/NF-κB Signaling Pathway Following Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in Mice. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:1612-1621. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-9776-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Tang ST, Su H, Zhang Q, Tang HQ, Wang CJ, Zhou Q, Wei W, Zhu HQ, Wang Y. Melatonin Attenuates Aortic Endothelial Permeability and Arteriosclerosis in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther 2015; 21:82-92. [PMID: 25944844 DOI: 10.1177/1074248415583090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 03/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The development of diabetic macrovascular complications is a multifactorial process, and melatonin may possess cardiovascular protective properties. This study was designed to evaluate whether melatonin attenuates arteriosclerosis and endothelial permeability by suppressing the myosin light-chain kinase (MLCK)/myosin light-chain phosphorylation (p-MLC) system via the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway or by suppressing the myosin phosphatase-targeting subunit phosphorylation (p-MYPT)/p-MLC system in diabetes mellitus (DM). Rats were randomly divided into 4 groups, including control, high-fat diet, DM, and DM + melatonin groups. Melatonin was administered (10 mg/kg/d) by gavage for 12 weeks. The DM significantly increased the serum fasting blood glucose and lipid levels, as well as insulin resistance and endothelial dysfunction, which were attenuated by melatonin therapy to various extents. Importantly, the aortic endothelial permeability was significantly increased in DM rats but was dramatically reversed following treatment with melatonin. Our findings further indicated that hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia enhanced the expressions of MLCK, p-MYPT, and p-MLC, which were partly associated with decreased membrane type 1 expression, increased extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) phosphorylation, and increased p38 expression. However, these changes in protein expression were also significantly reversed by melatonin. Thus, our results are the first to demonstrate that the endothelial hyperpermeability induced by DM is associated with increased expressions of MLCK, p-MYPT, and p-MLC, which can be attenuated by melatonin at least partly through the ERK/p38 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song-tao Tang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Department of Biochemistry, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Huan Su
- Department of Biochemistry, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Qiu Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Hai-qin Tang
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Chang-jiang Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Qing Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Hua-qing Zhu
- Department of Biochemistry, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Department of Biochemistry, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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Tan DX, Korkmaz A, Reiter RJ, Manchester LC. Ebola virus disease: potential use of melatonin as a treatment. J Pineal Res 2014; 57:381-4. [PMID: 25262626 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2014] [Accepted: 09/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this report is to emphasize the potential utility for the use of melatonin in the treatment of individuals who are infected with the Ebola virus. The pathological changes associated with an Ebola infection include, most notably, endothelial disruption, disseminated intravascular coagulation and multiple organ hemorrhage. Melatonin has been shown to target these alterations. Numerous similarities between Ebola virus infection and septic shock have been recognized for more than a decade. Moreover, melatonin has been successfully employed for the treatment of sepsis in many experimental and clinical studies. Based on these factors, as the number of treatments currently available is limited and the useable products are not abundant, the use of melatonin for the treatment of Ebola virus infection is encouraged. Additionally, melatonin has a high safety profile, is readily available and can be orally self-administered; thus, the use of melatonin is compatible with the large scale of this serious outbreak.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dun-Xian Tan
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
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