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Dong S, Li D, Shi D. Skin barrier-inflammatory pathway is a driver of the psoriasis-atopic dermatitis transition. Front Med (Lausanne) 2024; 11:1335551. [PMID: 38606161 PMCID: PMC11007107 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2024.1335551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
As chronic inflammatory conditions driven by immune dysregulation are influenced by genetics and environment factors, psoriasis and atopic dermatitis (AD) have traditionally been considered to be distinct diseases characterized by different T cell responses. Psoriasis, associated with type 17 helper T (Th17)-mediated inflammation, presents as well-defined scaly plaques with minimal pruritus. AD, primarily linked to Th2-mediated inflammation, presents with poorly defined erythema, dry skin, and intense itching. However, psoriasis and AD may overlap or transition into one another spontaneously, independent of biological agent usage. Emerging evidence suggests that defects in skin barrier-related molecules interact with the polarization of T cells, which forms a skin barrier-inflammatory loop with them. This loop contributes to the chronicity of the primary disease or the transition between psoriasis and AD. This review aimed to elucidate the mechanisms underlying skin barrier defects in driving the overlap between psoriasis and AD. In this review, the importance of repairing the skin barrier was underscored, and the significance of tailoring biologic treatments based on individual immune status instead of solely adhering to the treatment guidelines for AD or psoriasis was emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sitan Dong
- College of Clinical Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Dongmei Li
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Dongmei Shi
- Department of Dermatology/Laboratory of Medical Mycology, Jining No.1 People’s Hospital, Jining, China
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2
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Tsai YC, Tsai TF. Overlapping Features of Psoriasis and Atopic dermatitis: From Genetics to Immunopathogenesis to Phenotypes. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105518. [PMID: 35628327 PMCID: PMC9143118 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis (PSO) and atopic dermatitis (AD) were once considered to be mutually exclusive diseases, but gradually regarded as a spectrum of disease. Shared genetic loci of both diseases were noted in some populations, including Chinese. Shared immunopathogenesis involving Th17, Th1, Th22 cells, or even IL-13 was found in certain stages or phenotypes. This review discusses the overlapping genetic susceptibility, shared cytokines, immune-mediated comorbidities, and clinical presentations. Overlapping conditions could be classified into mainly PSO lesions with AD features or vice versa, concomitant PSO and AD, or disease transformation as a result of biologics treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Chu Tsai
- Department of Dermatology, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei 220, Taiwan;
| | - Tsen-Fang Tsai
- Department of Dermatology, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 100, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-23123456 (ext. 65734)
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3
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Pharmacogenomics: An Update on Biologics and Small-Molecule Drugs in the Treatment of Psoriasis. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12091398. [PMID: 34573380 PMCID: PMC8470543 DOI: 10.3390/genes12091398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Pharmacogenomic studies allowed the reasons behind the different responses to treatments to be understood. Its clinical utility, in fact, is demonstrated by the reduction in adverse drug reaction incidence and the improvement of drug efficacy. Pharmacogenomics is an important tool that is able to improve the drug therapy of different disorders. In particular, this review will highlight the current pharmacogenomics knowledge about biologics and small-molecule treatments for psoriasis. To date, studies performed on genes involved in the metabolism of biological drugs (tumor necrosis factor inhibitors and cytokines inhibitors) and small molecules (apremilast, dimethyl fumarate, and tofacitinib) have provided conflicting results, and further investigations are necessary in order to establish a set of biomarkers to be introduced into clinical practice.
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4
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Caputo V, Strafella C, Termine A, Dattola A, Mazzilli S, Lanna C, Cosio T, Campione E, Novelli G, Giardina E, Cascella R. Overview of the molecular determinants contributing to the expression of Psoriasis and Psoriatic Arthritis phenotypes. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:13554-13563. [PMID: 33128843 PMCID: PMC7754002 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis are multifactorial chronic disorders whose etiopathogenesis essentially derives from the alteration of several signalling pathways and the co-occurrence of genetic, epigenetic and non-genetic susceptibility factors that altogether affect the functional and structural property of the skin. Although shared and differential susceptibility genes and molecular pathways are known to contribute to the onset of pathological phenotypes, further research is needed to dissect the molecular causes of psoriatic disease and its progression towards Psoriatic Arthritis. This review will therefore be addressed to explore differences and similarities in the etiopathogenesis and progression of both disorders, with a particular focus on genes involved in the maintenance of the skin structure and integrity (keratins and collagens), modulation of patterns of recognition (through Toll-like receptors and dectin-1) and immuno-inflammatory response (by NLRP3-dependent inflammasome) to microbial pathogens. In addition, special emphasis will be given to the contribution of epigenetic elements (methylation pattern, non-coding RNAs, chromatin modifiers and 3D genome organization) to the etiopathogenesis and progression of psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis. The evidence discussed in this review highlights how the knowledge of patients' clinical and (epi)genomic make-up could be helpful for improving the available therapeutic strategies for psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerio Caputo
- Medical Genetics LaboratoryDepartment of Biomedicine and PreventionTor Vergata UniversityRomeItaly
- Genomic Medicine Laboratory UILDMIRCCS Santa Lucia FoundationRomeItaly
| | - Claudia Strafella
- Medical Genetics LaboratoryDepartment of Biomedicine and PreventionTor Vergata UniversityRomeItaly
- Genomic Medicine Laboratory UILDMIRCCS Santa Lucia FoundationRomeItaly
| | - Andrea Termine
- Genomic Medicine Laboratory UILDMIRCCS Santa Lucia FoundationRomeItaly
| | - Annunziata Dattola
- Dermatologic ClinicDepartment of Systems MedicineTor Vergata UniversityRomeItaly
| | - Sara Mazzilli
- Dermatologic ClinicDepartment of Systems MedicineTor Vergata UniversityRomeItaly
| | - Caterina Lanna
- Dermatologic ClinicDepartment of Systems MedicineTor Vergata UniversityRomeItaly
| | - Terenzio Cosio
- Dermatologic ClinicDepartment of Systems MedicineTor Vergata UniversityRomeItaly
| | - Elena Campione
- Dermatologic ClinicDepartment of Systems MedicineTor Vergata UniversityRomeItaly
| | - Giuseppe Novelli
- Medical Genetics LaboratoryDepartment of Biomedicine and PreventionTor Vergata UniversityRomeItaly
- Neuromed Institute IRCCSPozzilliItaly
| | - Emiliano Giardina
- Genomic Medicine Laboratory UILDMIRCCS Santa Lucia FoundationRomeItaly
- Department of Biomedicine and PreventionUILDM Lazio Onlus FoundationTor Vergata UniversityRomeItaly
| | - Raffaella Cascella
- Medical Genetics LaboratoryDepartment of Biomedicine and PreventionTor Vergata UniversityRomeItaly
- Department of Biomedical SciencesCatholic University Our Lady of Good CounselTiranaAlbania
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5
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Mu Z, Zhang J. The Role of Genetics, the Environment, and Epigenetics in Atopic Dermatitis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1253:107-140. [PMID: 32445093 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-15-3449-2_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Atopic Dermatitis (AD) is a common inflammatory disease with a genetic background. The prevalence of AD has been increasing in many countries. AD patients often have manifestations of pruritus, generalized skin dryness, and eczematous lesions. The pathogenesis of AD is complicated. The impaired skin barrier and immune imbalance play significant roles in the development of AD. Environmental factors such as allergens and pollutants are associated with the increasing prevalence. Many genetic and environmental factors induce a skin barrier deficiency, and this can lead to immune imbalance, which exacerbates the impaired skin barrier to form a vicious cycle (outside-inside-outside view). Genetic studies find many gene mutations and genetic variants, such as filaggrin mutations, which may directly induce the deficiency of the skin barrier and immune system. Epigenetic studies provide a connection between the relationship of an impaired skin barrier and immune and environmental factors, such as tobacco exposure, pollutants, microbes, and diet and nutrients. AD is a multigene disease, and thus there are many targets for regulation of expression of these genes which may contribute to the pathogenesis of AD. However, the epigenetic regulation of environmental factors in AD pathogenesis still needs to be further researched.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanglei Mu
- Department of Dermatology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jianzhong Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China.
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6
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Bin L, Leung DYM. Genetic and epigenetic studies of atopic dermatitis. ALLERGY, ASTHMA, AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE CANADIAN SOCIETY OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 12:52. [PMID: 27777593 PMCID: PMC5069938 DOI: 10.1186/s13223-016-0158-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory disease caused by the complex interaction of genetic, immune and environmental factors. There have many recent discoveries involving the genetic and epigenetic studies of AD. METHODS A retrospective PubMed search was carried out from June 2009 to June 2016 using the terms "atopic dermatitis", "association", "eczema", "gene", "polymorphism", "mutation", "variant", "genome wide association study", "microarray" "gene profiling", "RNA sequencing", "epigenetics" and "microRNA". A total of 132 publications in English were identified. RESULTS To elucidate the genetic factors for AD pathogenesis, candidate gene association studies, genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and transcriptomic profiling assays have been performed in this period. Epigenetic mechanisms for AD development, including genomic DNA modification and microRNA posttranscriptional regulation, have been explored. To date, candidate gene association studies indicate that filaggrin (FLG) null gene mutations are the most significant known risk factor for AD, and genes in the type 2 T helper lymphocyte (Th2) signaling pathways are the second replicated genetic risk factor for AD. GWAS studies identified 34 risk loci for AD, these loci also suggest that genes in immune responses and epidermal skin barrier functions are associated with AD. Additionally, gene profiling assays demonstrated AD is associated with decreased gene expression of epidermal differentiation complex genes and elevated Th2 and Th17 genes. Hypomethylation of TSLP and FCER1G in AD were reported; and miR-155, which target the immune suppressor CTLA-4, was found to be significantly over-expressed in infiltrating T cells in AD skin lesions. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that two major biologic pathways are responsible for AD etiology: skin epithelial function and innate/adaptive immune responses. The dysfunctional epidermal barrier and immune responses reciprocally affect each other, and thereby drive development of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianghua Bin
- The Department of Dermatology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, 1400 Jackson Street, Room K926i, Denver, CO 80206 USA
| | - Donald Y. M. Leung
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, 1400 Jackson Street, Room K926i, Denver, CO 80206 USA
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, The State Key Clinical Specialty in Allergy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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7
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Stemmler S, Hoffjan S. Trying to understand the genetics of atopic dermatitis. Mol Cell Probes 2016; 30:374-385. [PMID: 27725295 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcp.2016.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Revised: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common and complex skin disease associated with both genetic and environmental factors. Loss-of-function mutations in the filaggrin gene, encoding a structural protein with an important role in epidermal barrier function, constitutes a well recognised susceptibility locus for AD. Further, genome-wide association studies (GWAS), including large meta-analyses, have discovered 38 additional susceptibility loci with genome-wide significance. However, the reported variations only explain a fraction of the overall heritability of AD. Here, we summarize the current knowledge of the role of filaggrin and the epidermal differentiation complex as well as the results of GWAS, with an emphasis on novel findings and observations made in the past two years. Additionally, we present first results of exome sequencing for AD and discuss novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sabine Hoffjan
- Department of Human Genetics, Ruhr-University, Bochum, Germany
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8
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Quaranta M, Knapp B, Garzorz N, Mattii M, Pullabhatla V, Pennino D, Andres C, Traidl-Hoffmann C, Cavani A, Theis FJ, Ring J, Schmidt-Weber CB, Eyerich S, Eyerich K. Intraindividual genome expression analysis reveals a specific molecular signature of psoriasis and eczema. Sci Transl Med 2015; 6:244ra90. [PMID: 25009230 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.3008946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Previous attempts to gain insight into the pathogenesis of psoriasis and eczema by comparing their molecular signatures were hampered by the high interindividual variability of those complex diseases. In patients affected by both psoriasis and nonatopic or atopic eczema simultaneously (n = 24), an intraindividual comparison of the molecular signatures of psoriasis and eczema identified genes and signaling pathways regulated in common and exclusive for each disease across all patients. Psoriasis-specific genes were important regulators of glucose and lipid metabolism, epidermal differentiation, as well as immune mediators of T helper 17 (TH17) responses, interleukin-10 (IL-10) family cytokines, and IL-36. Genes in eczema related to epidermal barrier, reduced innate immunity, increased IL-6, and a TH2 signature. Within eczema subtypes, a mutually exclusive regulation of epidermal differentiation genes was observed. Furthermore, only contact eczema was driven by inflammasome activation, apoptosis, and cellular adhesion. On the basis of this comprehensive picture of the pathogenesis of psoriasis and eczema, a disease classifier consisting of NOS2 and CCL27 was created. In an independent cohort of eczema (n = 28) and psoriasis patients (n = 25), respectively, this classifier diagnosed all patients correctly and also identified initially misdiagnosed or clinically undifferentiated patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Quaranta
- Center of Allergy & Environment, Technische Universität and Helmholtz Center Munich, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, 80802 Munich, Germany
| | - Bettina Knapp
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Center Munich, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Natalie Garzorz
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Technische Universität Munich, 80802 Munich, Germany
| | - Martina Mattii
- Center of Allergy & Environment, Technische Universität and Helmholtz Center Munich, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, 80802 Munich, Germany
| | - Venu Pullabhatla
- Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, King's College London School of Medicine, Guy's Hospital, London WC2R 2LS, UK
| | - Davide Pennino
- Center of Allergy & Environment, Technische Universität and Helmholtz Center Munich, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, 80802 Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Andres
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Technische Universität Munich, 80802 Munich, Germany
| | | | - Andrea Cavani
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, 00163 Rome, Italy
| | - Fabian J Theis
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Center Munich, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany. Department of Mathematics, Technische Universität Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Johannes Ring
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Technische Universität Munich, 80802 Munich, Germany
| | - Carsten B Schmidt-Weber
- Center of Allergy & Environment, Technische Universität and Helmholtz Center Munich, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, 80802 Munich, Germany
| | - Stefanie Eyerich
- Center of Allergy & Environment, Technische Universität and Helmholtz Center Munich, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, 80802 Munich, Germany
| | - Kilian Eyerich
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Technische Universität Munich, 80802 Munich, Germany.
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9
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Unravelling the complex genetic background of atopic dermatitis: from genetic association results towards novel therapeutic strategies. Arch Dermatol Res 2015; 307:659-70. [PMID: 25693656 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-015-1550-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Revised: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 01/31/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease arising from complex interaction between genetic and environmental factors. As the starting point of the so-called "atopic march", e.g. the progression towards allergic asthma in some but not all affected children, AD has come into focus for potential disease-modifying strategies. To elucidate the genetic factors influencing AD development, linkage, association as well as genome-wide association studies have been performed over the last two decades. The results suggest that besides variation in immune-mediated pathways, an intact skin barrier function plays a key role in AD development. Mutations in the gene encoding filaggrin, a major structural protein in the epidermis, have been consistently associated with AD, especially the early-onset persistent form of disease, and are regarded as the most significant known risk factor for AD development to date. Additionally, variation in some other genes involved in skin integrity and barrier function have shown association with AD. However, the known genetic risk factors can only explain a small part of the heritability at the moment. Whole-exome or whole-genome sequencing studies have not been reported yet, but will probably soon evaluate the influence of rare variations for AD development. Additionally, large multi-centre studies comprehensively incorporating gene-gene and gene-environment interactions as well as epigenetic mechanisms might further elucidate the genetic factors underlying AD pathogenesis and, thus, open the way for a more individualized treatment in the future.
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10
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Association of the late cornified envelope-3 genes with psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis: a systematic review. J Genet Genomics 2015; 42:49-56. [PMID: 25697099 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2015.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2014] [Revised: 12/28/2014] [Accepted: 01/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Psoriasis (Ps) and psoriatic arthritis (PsA) are genetically complex diseases with strong genetic evidence. Recently, susceptibility genes for Ps and PsA have been identified within the late cornified envelop (LCE) gene cluster, especially the cluster 3 (LCE3) genes. It is noteworthy that the deletion of LCE3B and LCE3C (LCE3C_LCE3B-del) is significantly associated with these two diseases. Gene-gene interactions between LCE3 genes and other genes are associated with Ps and PsA. LCE3 genes also have pleiotropic effect on some autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, atopic dermatitis and systemic lupus erythematosus. Further studies need to focus on the potential function of LCE3 genes in the pathogenesis of Ps and PsA in the future.
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11
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Baurecht H, Hotze M, Brand S, Büning C, Cormican P, Corvin A, Ellinghaus D, Ellinghaus E, Esparza-Gordillo J, Fölster-Holst R, Franke A, Gieger C, Hubner N, Illig T, Irvine A, Kabesch M, Lee Y, Lieb W, Marenholz I, McLean W, Morris D, Mrowietz U, Nair R, Nöthen M, Novak N, O’Regan G, Schreiber S, Smith C, Strauch K, Stuart P, Trembath R, Tsoi L, Weichenthal M, Barker J, Elder J, Weidinger S, Cordell H, Brown S, Brown SJ. Genome-wide comparative analysis of atopic dermatitis and psoriasis gives insight into opposing genetic mechanisms. Am J Hum Genet 2015; 96:104-20. [PMID: 25574825 PMCID: PMC4289690 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2014.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2014] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis and psoriasis are the two most common immune-mediated inflammatory disorders affecting the skin. Genome-wide studies demonstrate a high degree of genetic overlap, but these diseases have mutually exclusive clinical phenotypes and opposing immune mechanisms. Despite their prevalence, atopic dermatitis and psoriasis very rarely co-occur within one individual. By utilizing genome-wide association study and ImmunoChip data from >19,000 individuals and methodologies developed from meta-analysis, we have identified opposing risk alleles at shared loci as well as independent disease-specific loci within the epidermal differentiation complex (chromosome 1q21.3), the Th2 locus control region (chromosome 5q31.1), and the major histocompatibility complex (chromosome 6p21-22). We further identified previously unreported pleiotropic alleles with opposing effects on atopic dermatitis and psoriasis risk in PRKRA and ANXA6/TNIP1. In contrast, there was no evidence for shared loci with effects operating in the same direction on both diseases. Our results show that atopic dermatitis and psoriasis have distinct genetic mechanisms with opposing effects in shared pathways influencing epidermal differentiation and immune response. The statistical analysis methods developed in the conduct of this study have produced additional insight from previously published data sets. The approach is likely to be applicable to the investigation of the genetic basis of other complex traits with overlapping and distinct clinical features.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Sara J Brown
- Dermatology and Genetic Medicine, Medical Research Institute, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK.
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12
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Gautam P, Chaurasia A, Bhattacharya A, Grover R, Mukerji M, Natarajan VT. Population diversity and adaptive evolution in keratinization genes: impact of environment in shaping skin phenotypes. Mol Biol Evol 2014; 32:555-73. [PMID: 25534032 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msu342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Several studies have demonstrated the role of climatic factors in shaping skin phenotypes, particularly pigmentation. Keratinization is another well-designed feature of human skin, which is involved in modulating transepidermal water loss (TEWL). Although this physiological process is closely linked to climate, presently it is not clear whether genetic diversity is observed in keratinization and whether this process also responds to the environmental pressure. To address this, we adopted a multipronged approach, which involved analysis of 1) copy number variations in diverse Indian and HapMap populations from varied geographical regions; 2) genetic association with geoclimatic parameters in 61 populations of dbCLINE database in a set of 549 genes from four processes namely keratinization, pigmentation, epidermal differentiation, and housekeeping functions; 3) sequence divergence in 4,316 orthologous promoters and corresponding exonic regions of human and chimpanzee with macaque as outgroup, and 4) protein sequence divergence (Ka/Ks) across nine vertebrate classes, which differ in their extent of TEWL. Our analyses demonstrate that keratinization and epidermal differentiation genes are under accelerated evolution in the human lineage, relative to pigmentation and housekeeping genes. We show that this entire pathway may have been driven by environmental selection pressure through concordant functional polymorphisms across several genes involved in skin keratinization. Remarkably, this underappreciated function of skin may be a crucial determinant of adaptation to diverse environmental pressures across world populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pramod Gautam
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi, India
| | - Amit Chaurasia
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi, India
| | - Aniket Bhattacharya
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi, India Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Delhi, India
| | - Ritika Grover
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Delhi, India Systems Biology Group, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi, India
| | | | - Mitali Mukerji
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi, India Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Delhi, India
| | - Vivek T Natarajan
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Delhi, India Systems Biology Group, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi, India
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13
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Stemmler S, Parwez Q, Petrasch-Parwez E, Epplen JT, Hoffjan S. Association of variation in the LAMA3 gene, encoding the alpha-chain of laminin 5, with atopic dermatitis in a German case-control cohort. BMC DERMATOLOGY 2014; 14:17. [PMID: 25363238 PMCID: PMC4221780 DOI: 10.1186/1471-5945-14-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2014] [Accepted: 10/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disorder caused by complex interaction of genetic and environmental factors. Besides mutations in the filaggrin gene, leading to impaired skin barrier function, variation in genes encoding additional skin proteins has been suggested to contribute to disease risk. Laminin 5, playing an important role in skin integrity, is composed of three subunits encoded by the LAMA3, LAMB3 and LAMC2 genes in which biallelic mutations cause epidermolysis bullosa junctionalis. We aimed at evaluating the role of variation in the LAMA3, LAMB3 and LAMC2 genes for AD pathogenesis. METHODS 29 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were genotyped in the three genes in a German AD case-control cohort comprising 470 unrelated AD patients and 320 non-atopic controls by means of restriction enzyme digestion. Allele, genotype and haplotype frequencies were compared between cases and controls using chi-square testing and the Haploview software. RESULTS Several SNPs in the LAMA3 gene showed significant association with AD in our cohort (p <0.01), while we did not detect association with variations in the LAMB3 and LAMC2 genes. Haplotype analysis additionally revealed several significantly associated haplotypes in the LAMA3 gene. Due to extensive linkage disequilibrium, though, we were not able to further differentiate the specific disease causing variation(s) in this region. CONCLUSIONS We established the LAMA3 gene as novel potential susceptibility gene for AD. Additional studies in independent cohorts are needed to replicate these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Stemmler
- Department of Human Genetics, Ruhr-University, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | | | | | - Joerg T Epplen
- Department of Human Genetics, Ruhr-University, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany
- Faculty of Health, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany
| | - Sabine Hoffjan
- Department of Human Genetics, Ruhr-University, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany
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14
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Pople JE, Moore AE, Talbot DCS, Barrett KE, Jones DA, Lim FL. Climbazole increases expression of cornified envelope proteins in primary keratinocytes. Int J Cosmet Sci 2014; 36:419-26. [DOI: 10.1111/ics.12137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2014] [Accepted: 04/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. E. Pople
- Unilever R&D Colworth; Colworth Science Park; Sharnbrook Bedfordshire UK
| | - A. E. Moore
- Unilever R&D Colworth; Colworth Science Park; Sharnbrook Bedfordshire UK
| | - D. C. S. Talbot
- Unilever R&D Colworth; Colworth Science Park; Sharnbrook Bedfordshire UK
| | - K. E. Barrett
- Unilever R&D Colworth; Colworth Science Park; Sharnbrook Bedfordshire UK
| | - D. A. Jones
- Unilever R&D Port Sunlight; Quarry Road East; Bebington Wirral UK
| | - F. L. Lim
- Unilever R&D Colworth; Colworth Science Park; Sharnbrook Bedfordshire UK
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15
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Lepre T, Cascella R, Ragazzo M, Galli E, Novelli G, Giardina E. Association of KIF3A, but not OVOL1 and ACTL9, with atopic eczema in Italian patients. Br J Dermatol 2013; 168:1106-8. [PMID: 23278845 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.12178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atopic eczema (AE) (OMIM %603165) is the most common chronic inflammatory skin disease characterized by xerosis, pruritus, and erythematous lesions with increased transepidermal water loss. It's a complex disease due to the interaction between environmental and genetics factors. To date, different loci have been related to the disease. OBJECTIVES To verify the association, between AE and rs479844, rs2164983, and rs2897442, target for OVOLI (11q13), ACTL9 (19p13.2), and in KIF3A (5q31) genes in the Italian population. Recently, these SNPs have been validated as associated to the disease. METHODS A case-control study testing a cohort of 359 AE cases and 778 controls. RESULTS We confirmed the association between rs2897442 in KIF3A gene and the disease at both allele and genotype level (P-value: 4.8 × 10(-4) and P-value: 6.3 × 10(-4), respectively). The C allele of the SNP showed an Odds Ratio (OR) of 1.46 (95% CI 1.18-1.82), moreover the CC genotype achieved an OR of 2.77 (95% CI 1.66-4.61). We failed to reveal association between AE and the other two SNPs tested. CONCLUSIONS Our study indicated KIF3A as a novel gene implicated in the development of AE in the Italian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Lepre
- Department of Biopathology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
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16
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Bergboer JG, Zeeuwen PL, Schalkwijk J. Genetics of Psoriasis: Evidence for Epistatic Interaction between Skin Barrier Abnormalities and Immune Deviation. J Invest Dermatol 2012; 132:2320-2331. [DOI: 10.1038/jid.2012.167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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17
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Wolf R, Orion E, Ruocco E, Ruocco V. Abnormal epidermal barrier in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. Clin Dermatol 2012; 30:323-8. [PMID: 22507047 DOI: 10.1016/j.clindermatol.2011.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Almost 2 decades ago, Williams and Elias suggested a unifying concept for the pathogenesis of disorders of cornification, according to which the integrity of the epidermal barrier and its effective function is an important factor in the regulation of epidermal DNA synthesis. Interference with the barrier integrity or function will result in epidermal hyperplasia and may be the primary event leading to hyperproliferative skin diseases, such as psoriasis. We have analyzed alterations to several structures of the epidermal barrier that might be responsible for barrier dysfunction and thus lead to hyperproliferation of the epidermis in an attempt to repair the barrier and, as a result, might be inducers of psoriasis. There are several convincing reports indicating that inhibiting of epidermal transglutaminase may lead to epidermal hyperproliferation and that this stimulus might trigger psoriasis among genetically predisposed patients. Disturbance of epidermal barrier function caused by derangement of lipid or cholesterol or ceramide synthesis leads to increased DNA synthesis and epidermal hyperplasia and as a result might be an inducer of psoriasis. We could find little evidence to show that defective defense of the epidermis or an abnormal response of it to bacteria plays a role in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. Accumulating data indicate that there is an association of psoriasis and mutations of genes within the epidermal differentiation complex, which are crucial for the development, maturation, cornification, cross-linking, and terminal differentiation of the epidermis, called psoriasis susceptibility locus 4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronni Wolf
- Dermatology Unit, Kaplan Medical Center, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
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18
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de Koning H, van den Bogaard E, Bergboer J, Kamsteeg M, van Vlijmen-Willems I, Hitomi K, Henry J, Simon M, Takashita N, Ishida-Yamamoto A, Schalkwijk J, Zeeuwen P. Expression profile of cornified envelope structural proteins and keratinocyte differentiation-regulating proteins during skin barrier repair. Br J Dermatol 2012; 166:1245-54. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2012.10885.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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19
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Bergboer JGM, Umićević-Mirkov M, Fransen J, den Heijer M, Franke B, van Riel PLCM, Schalkwijk J, Coenen MJH. A replication study of the association between rheumatoid arthritis and deletion of the late cornified envelope genes LCE3B and LCE3C. PLoS One 2012; 7:e32045. [PMID: 22384135 PMCID: PMC3285664 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0032045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2011] [Accepted: 01/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Two recent studies, in a Spanish and a Chinese population, point to an association between rheumatoid arthritis (RA) risk and the deletion of the Late Cornified Envelope (LCE) 3B and 3C genes (LCE3C_LCE3B-del), a known risk factor for psoriasis. We aimed to replicate these studies in a large Dutch cohort. Methods 1039 RA cases and 759 controls were genotyped for LCE3C_LCE3B-del. Association analysis was performed for the complete cohort and after stratification for the serologic markers anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide and rheumatoid factor. A meta-analysis was performed combining our data with the Spanish and Chinese datasets, resulting in an analysis including 2466 RA cases and 2438 controls. Results In the Dutch cohort we did not observe a significant association of LCE3C_LCE3B-del (p = 0.093) with RA risk. A stratified analysis for the serologic positive and negative group did not show an association between the genetic variant and disease risk, either. The meta-analysis, however, confirmed a significant association (p<0.0001, OR = 1.31, 95% confidence interval 1.16–1.47). Conclusion Our meta-analysis confirms the association of the LCE3 deletion with RA, suggesting that LCE3C_LCE3B-del is a common risk factor for (auto)immune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith G. M. Bergboer
- Department of Dermatology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Maša Umićević-Mirkov
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jaap Fransen
- Department of Rheumatology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Martin den Heijer
- Department of Endocrinology and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Barbara Franke
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Piet L. C. M. van Riel
- Department of Rheumatology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Joost Schalkwijk
- Department of Dermatology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Marieke J. H. Coenen
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
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20
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Koebner Phenomenon in Psoriasis Is Not Associated with Deletion of Late Cornified Envelope Genes LCE3B and LCE3C. J Invest Dermatol 2012; 132:475-6. [DOI: 10.1038/jid.2011.336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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21
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Xu L, Li Y, Zhang X, Sun H, Sun D, Jia X, Shen C, Zhou J, Ji G, Liu P, Guan R, Yu Y, Jin Y, Bai J, Sun D, Yu J, Fu S. Deletion of
LCE3C
and
LCE3B
genes is associated with psoriasis in a northern Chinese population. Br J Dermatol 2011; 165:882-7. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2011.10485.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L. Xu
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics
| | - Y. Li
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | | | - H. Sun
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics
| | - D. Sun
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics
| | - X. Jia
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics
| | - C. Shen
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics
| | - J. Zhou
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - G. Ji
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics
| | - P. Liu
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics
| | - R. Guan
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics
| | - Y. Yu
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics
| | - Y. Jin
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics
- Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics (Harbin Medical University), Heilongjiang Higher Education Institutions, Harbin 150081, China
| | - J. Bai
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics
| | - D. Sun
- The Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - J. Yu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - S. Fu
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics
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22
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Deletion of the Late Cornified Envelope Genes LCE3C and LCE3B Is Associated with Psoriasis in a Chinese Population. J Invest Dermatol 2011; 131:1639-43. [DOI: 10.1038/jid.2011.86] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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23
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Full sequencing of the FLG gene in Italian patients with atopic eczema: evidence of new mutations, but lack of an association. J Invest Dermatol 2011; 131:982-4. [PMID: 21289640 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2010.398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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24
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Meta-analysis confirms the LCE3C_LCE3B deletion as a risk factor for psoriasis in several ethnic groups and finds interaction with HLA-Cw6. J Invest Dermatol 2010; 131:1105-9. [PMID: 21107349 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2010.350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
A multicenter meta-analysis including data from 9,389 psoriasis patients and 9,477 control subjects was performed to investigate the contribution of the deletion of genes LCE3C and LCE3B, involved in skin barrier defense, to psoriasis susceptibility in different populations. The study confirms that the deletion of LCE3C and LCE3B is a common genetic factor for susceptibility to psoriasis in the European populations (OR(Overall) = 1.21 (1.15-1.27)), and for the first time directly demonstrates the deletion's association with psoriasis in the Chinese (OR = 1.27 (1.16-1.34)) and Mongolian (OR = 2.08 (1.44-2.99)) populations. The analysis of the HLA-Cw6 locus showed significant differences in the epistatic interaction with the LCE3C and LCE3B deletion in at least some European populations, indicating epistatic effects between these two major genetic contributors to psoriasis. The study highlights the value of examining genetic risk factors in multiple populations to identify genetic interactions, and indicates the need of further studies to understand the interaction of the skin barrier and the immune system in susceptibility to psoriasis.
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Roberson EDO, Bowcock AM. Psoriasis genetics: breaking the barrier. Trends Genet 2010; 26:415-23. [PMID: 20692714 DOI: 10.1016/j.tig.2010.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2010] [Revised: 06/28/2010] [Accepted: 06/28/2010] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Psoriasis is a common incurable inflammatory skin disease affecting 2-3% of the European population. Psoriatic skin contains large numbers of immune cells which produce many cytokines, chemokines and inflammatory molecules. The epidermis divides much faster than normal and has a defective outer layer or barrier which under normal circumstances protects from infection and dehydration. Psoriatic skin is characterized by a distinct set of inflammation and epidermal proliferation and differentiation markers, and it has been unclear whether the genetic basis of psoriasis reflects defects of the immune system or of the skin. One genetic determinant lies within the major histocompatibility complex class 1 region. Genome-wide association studies have revealed genetic susceptibility factors that play a role in the formation of immune cells found in psoriasis lesions. Others affect epidermal proliferation and skin barrier formation. Hence, genetic components of both the immune system and the epidermis can predispose to disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisha D O Roberson
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, 4559 Scott Avenue, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
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