1
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Fernandez Sanchez J, Maknojia AA, King KY. Blood and guts: how the intestinal microbiome shapes hematopoiesis and treatment of hematologic disease. Blood 2024; 143:1689-1701. [PMID: 38364184 PMCID: PMC11103099 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2023021174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Over the past 10 years, there has been a marked increase in recognition of the interplay between the intestinal microbiome and the hematopoietic system. Despite their apparent distance in the body, a large literature now supports the relevance of the normal intestinal microbiota to steady-state blood production, affecting both hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells as well as differentiated immune cells. Microbial metabolites enter the circulation where they can trigger cytokine signaling that influences hematopoiesis. Furthermore, the state of the microbiome is now recognized to affect outcomes from hematopoietic stem cell transplant, immunotherapy, and cellular therapies for hematologic malignancies. Here we review the mechanisms by which microbiotas influence hematopoiesis in development and adulthood as well as the avenues by which microbiotas are thought to impact stem cell transplant engraftment, graft-versus-host disease, and efficacy of cell and immunotherapies. We highlight areas of future research that may lead to reduced adverse effects of antibiotic use and improved outcomes for patients with hematologic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josaura Fernandez Sanchez
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX
| | - Arushana A. Maknojia
- Program in Immunology and Microbiology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Katherine Y. King
- Program in Immunology and Microbiology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, and Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX
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2
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Zheng K, Wei Z, Li W. Ecological insights into hematopoiesis regulation: unraveling the influence of gut microbiota. Gut Microbes 2024; 16:2350784. [PMID: 38727219 PMCID: PMC11093038 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2024.2350784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota constitutes a vast ecological system within the human body, forming a mutually interdependent entity with the host. In recent years, advancements in molecular biology technologies have provided a clearer understanding of the role of the gut microbiota. They not only influence the local immune status and metabolic functions of the host's intestinal tract but also impact the functional transformation of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) through the gut-blood axis. In this review, we will discuss the role of the gut microbiota in influencing hematopoiesis. We analyze the interactions between HSCs and other cellular components, with a particular emphasis on the direct functional regulation of HSCs by the gut microbiota and their indirect influence through cellular components in the bone marrow microenvironment. Additionally, we propose potential control targets for signaling pathways triggered by the gut microbiota to regulate hematopoietic function, filling crucial knowledge gaps in the development of this research field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiwen Zheng
- Cancer Center, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhifeng Wei
- Department of Hematology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Wei Li
- Cancer Center, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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3
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Xu T, Dai J, Tang L, Sun L, Si L, Guo J. Systemic administration of STING agonist promotes myeloid cells maturation and antitumor immunity through regulating hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell fate. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2023; 72:3491-3505. [PMID: 37550427 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-023-03502-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
STING is a pivotal mediator of effective innate and adaptive anti-tumor immunity; however, intratumoral administration of STING agonists have shown limited therapeutic benefit in clinical trials. The systemic effect of the intravenous delivery of STING agonists in cancer is not well-defined. Here, we demonstrated that systemic administration of STING agonist inhibited melanoma growth, improved inflammatory effector cell infiltration, and induced bone marrow mobilization and extramedullary hematopoiesis, causing widespread changes in immune components in the peripheral blood. The systemically administered STING agonist promoted HSC expansion and influenced lineage fate commitment, which was manifested as the differentiation of HSPCs was skewed toward myeloid cells at the expense of B-cell lymphopoiesis and erythropoiesis. Transcriptome analysis revealed upregulation of myeloid lineage differentiation-related and type I interferon-related genes. This myeloid-biased differentiation promoted the production and maturation of myeloid cells toward an activated phenotype. Furthermore, depletion of Gr-1+ myeloid cells attenuated the anti-tumor immunity of STING agonist. Our findings reveal the anti-tumor mechanism of systemic administration of STING agonist that involves modulating HSPC differentiation and promoting myeloid cells maturation. Our study may help explain the limited clinical activity of STING agonists administered intratumorally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianxiao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Melanoma and Sarcoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, 52# Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Jie Dai
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Melanoma and Sarcoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, 52# Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Lirui Tang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Melanoma and Sarcoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, 52# Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Linzi Sun
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Melanoma and Sarcoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, 52# Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Lu Si
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Melanoma and Sarcoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, 52# Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100142, China.
| | - Jun Guo
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Melanoma and Sarcoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, 52# Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100142, China.
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Genitourinary Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, 52# Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100142, China.
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4
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Tran VL, Liu P, Katsumura KR, Kim E, Schoff BM, Johnson KD, Bresnick EH. Restricting genomic actions of innate immune mediators on fetal hematopoietic progenitor cells. iScience 2023; 26:106297. [PMID: 36950124 PMCID: PMC10025987 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Innate immune signaling protects against pathogens, controls hematopoietic development, and functions in oncogenesis, yet the relationship between these mechanisms is undefined. Downregulating the GATA2 transcription factor in fetal hematopoietic progenitor cells upregulates genes encoding innate immune regulators, increases Interferon-γ (IFNγ) signaling, and disrupts differentiation. We demonstrate that deletion of an enhancer that confers GATA2 expression in fetal progenitors elevated Toll-like receptor (TLR) TLR1/2 and TLR2/6 expression and signaling. Rescue by expressing GATA2 downregulated elevated TLR signaling. IFNγ amplified TLR1/2 and TLR2/6 signaling in GATA2-deficient progenitors, synergistically activating cytokine/chemokine genes and elevating cytokine/chemokine production in myeloid cell progeny. Genomic analysis of how innate immune signaling remodels the GATA2-deficient progenitor transcriptome revealed hypersensitive responses at innate immune genes harboring motifs for signal-dependent transcription factors and factors not linked to these mechanisms. As GATA2 establishes a transcriptome that constrains innate immune signaling, insufficient GATA2 renders fetal progenitor cells hypersensitive to innate immune signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vu L. Tran
- Wisconsin Blood Cancer Research Institute, Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Biostatistics and Biomedical Informatics, Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Koichi R. Katsumura
- Wisconsin Blood Cancer Research Institute, Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Erin Kim
- Wisconsin Blood Cancer Research Institute, Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Bjorn M. Schoff
- Wisconsin Blood Cancer Research Institute, Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Kirby D. Johnson
- Wisconsin Blood Cancer Research Institute, Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Emery H. Bresnick
- Wisconsin Blood Cancer Research Institute, Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
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5
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Oliver L, Alvarez R, Diaz R, Valdés A, Colligan SH, Nemeth MJ, Twum DYF, Fernández A, Fernández-Medina O, Carlson LM, Yu H, Eng KH, Hensen ML, Rábade-Chediak ML, Fernández LE, Lee KP, Perez L, Muhitch JB, Mesa C, Abrams SI. Mitigating the prevalence and function of myeloid-derived suppressor cells by redirecting myeloid differentiation using a novel immune modulator. J Immunother Cancer 2022; 10:e004710. [PMID: 36150744 PMCID: PMC9511656 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2022-004710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immune suppression is common in neoplasia and a major driver is tumor-induced myeloid dysfunction. Yet, overcoming such myeloid cell defects remains an untapped strategy to reverse suppression and improve host defense. Exposure of bone marrow progenitors to heightened levels of myeloid growth factors in cancer or following certain systemic treatments promote abnormal myelopoiesis characterized by the production of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and a deficiency in antigen-presenting cell function. We previously showed that a novel immune modulator, termed 'very small size particle' (VSSP), attenuates MDSC function in tumor-bearing mice, which was accompanied by an increase in dendritic cells (DCs) suggesting that VSSP exhibits myeloid differentiating properties. Therefore, here, we addressed two unresolved aspects of the mechanism of action of this unique immunomodulatory agent: (1) does VSSP alter myelopoiesis in the bone marrow to redirect MDSC differentiation toward a monocyte/macrophage or DC fate? and (2) does VSSP mitigate the frequency and suppressive function of human tumor-induced MDSCs? METHODS To address the first question, we first used a murine model of granulocyte-colony stimulating factor-driven emergency myelopoiesis following chemotherapy-induced myeloablation, which skews myeloid output toward MDSCs, especially the polymorphonuclear (PMN)-MDSC subset. Following VSSP treatment, progenitors and their myeloid progeny were analyzed by immunophenotyping and MDSC function was evaluated by suppression assays. To strengthen rigor, we validated our findings in tumor-bearing mouse models. To address the second question, we conducted a clinical trial in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma, wherein 15 patients were treated with VSSP. Endpoints in this study included safety and impact on PMN-MDSC frequency and function. RESULTS We demonstrated that VSSP diminished PMN-MDSCs by shunting granulocyte-monocyte progenitor differentiation toward monocytes/macrophages and DCs with heightened expression of the myeloid-dependent transcription factors interferon regulatory factor-8 and PU.1. This skewing was at the expense of expansion of granulocytic progenitors and rendered the remaining MDSCs less suppressive. Importantly, these effects were also demonstrated in a clinical setting wherein VSSP monotherapy significantly reduced circulating PMN-MDSCs, and their suppressive function. CONCLUSIONS Altogether, these data revealed VSSP as a novel regulator of myeloid biology that mitigates MDSCs in cancer patients and reinstates a more normal myeloid phenotype that potentially favors immune activation over immune suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliana Oliver
- Department of Immunoregulation, Immunology and Immunotherapy Direction, Center of Molecular Immunology, Havana, Cuba
| | - Rydell Alvarez
- Department of Immunoregulation, Immunology and Immunotherapy Direction, Center of Molecular Immunology, Havana, Cuba
| | - Raquel Diaz
- Department of Oncology, Joaquín Albarrán Hospital, Havana, Cuba
| | - Anet Valdés
- Department of Immunoregulation, Immunology and Immunotherapy Direction, Center of Molecular Immunology, Havana, Cuba
| | - Sean H Colligan
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Michael J Nemeth
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA
- Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Danielle Y F Twum
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Audry Fernández
- Department of Immunoregulation, Immunology and Immunotherapy Direction, Center of Molecular Immunology, Havana, Cuba
| | - Olivia Fernández-Medina
- Department of Immunoregulation, Immunology and Immunotherapy Direction, Center of Molecular Immunology, Havana, Cuba
| | - Louise M Carlson
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Han Yu
- Department of Biostatistics & Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Kevin H Eng
- Department of Biostatistics & Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Mary L Hensen
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Maura L Rábade-Chediak
- Department of Immunoregulation, Immunology and Immunotherapy Direction, Center of Molecular Immunology, Havana, Cuba
| | - Luis Enrique Fernández
- Department of Immunoregulation, Immunology and Immunotherapy Direction, Center of Molecular Immunology, Havana, Cuba
| | - Kelvin P Lee
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Leslie Perez
- Clinical Direction, Center of Molecular Immunology, Havana, Cuba
| | - Jason B Muhitch
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Circe Mesa
- Department of Immunoregulation, Immunology and Immunotherapy Direction, Center of Molecular Immunology, Havana, Cuba
- Innovative Immunotherapy Alliance, S. A. Mariel, Artemisa, Cuba
| | - Scott I Abrams
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA
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6
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Targeting toll-like receptors on T cells as a therapeutic strategy against tumors. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 107:108708. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.108708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Revised: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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7
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Xiong L, McCoy M, Murtazina R, Podrez EA, Byzova TV. Timely Wound Healing is Dependent upon Endothelial but not Hair Follicle Stem Cell Toll-like Receptor 2 Signaling. J Invest Dermatol 2022; 142:3082-3092.e1. [PMID: 35561753 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2022.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
As a part of innate immunity, Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) plays an important function in most defensive responses of the organism, including but not limited to infections. Cutaneous injury, one of the most common challenges for mammals, mobilizes a number of cell types, including epithelial, immune, and vascular cells for timely tissue repair. However, in contrast to immune cells, little is known about TLR2 function on non-immune cells during skin regeneration. Here, we used two tissue-specific conditional TLR2 knockout mouse lines to address the impact of TLR2 in endothelial and hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs) on cutaneous wound healing. The loss of TLR2 on endothelial cells diminishes their ability to migrate, sprout, and proliferate in response to specific TLR2 ligands, and also reduces the secretion of key pro-angiogenic factors. Lack of TLR2 on endothelial cells prolongs wound healing due to diminished angiogenesis. TLR2 is expressed in key structures of hair follicle including HFSCs, secondary hair germ, and dermal papilla. Despite the prominent role for HFSCs in skin regeneration, excision of TLR2 from HFSCs has no impact on their proliferation or wound healing potential. Our study demonstrates that timely tissue regeneration after skin injury is dependent upon endothelial TLR2 for robust angiogenesis, while HFSC TLR2 is dispensable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luyang Xiong
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Michael McCoy
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Rakhilya Murtazina
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, College of Medicine, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Eugene A Podrez
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Tatiana V Byzova
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
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8
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Barreyro L, Sampson AM, Ishikawa C, Hueneman KM, Choi K, Pujato MA, Chutipongtanate S, Wyder M, Haffey WD, O'Brien E, Wunderlich M, Ramesh V, Kolb EM, Meydan C, Neelamraju Y, Bolanos LC, Christie S, Smith MA, Niederkorn M, Muto T, Kesari S, Garrett-Bakelman FE, Bartholdy B, Will B, Weirauch MT, Mulloy JC, Gul Z, Medlin S, Kovall RA, Melnick AM, Perentesis JP, Greis KD, Nurmemmedov E, Seibel WL, Starczynowski DT. Blocking UBE2N abrogates oncogenic immune signaling in acute myeloid leukemia. Sci Transl Med 2022; 14:eabb7695. [PMID: 35263148 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abb7695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Dysregulation of innate immune signaling pathways is implicated in various hematologic malignancies. However, these pathways have not been systematically examined in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). We report that AML hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) exhibit a high frequency of dysregulated innate immune-related and inflammatory pathways, referred to as oncogenic immune signaling states. Through gene expression analyses and functional studies in human AML cell lines and patient-derived samples, we found that the ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme UBE2N is required for leukemic cell function in vitro and in vivo by maintaining oncogenic immune signaling states. It is known that the enzyme function of UBE2N can be inhibited by interfering with thioester formation between ubiquitin and the active site. We performed in silico structure-based and cellular-based screens and identified two related small-molecule inhibitors UC-764864/65 that targeted UBE2N at its active site. Using these small-molecule inhibitors as chemical probes, we further revealed the therapeutic efficacy of interfering with UBE2N function. This resulted in the blocking of ubiquitination of innate immune- and inflammatory-related substrates in human AML cell lines. Inhibition of UBE2N function disrupted oncogenic immune signaling by promoting cell death of leukemic HSPCs while sparing normal HSPCs in vitro. Moreover, baseline oncogenic immune signaling states in leukemic cells derived from discrete subsets of patients with AML exhibited a selective dependency on UBE2N function in vitro and in vivo. Our study reveals that interfering with UBE2N abrogates leukemic HSPC function and underscores the dependency of AML cells on UBE2N-dependent oncogenic immune signaling states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Barreyro
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Avery M Sampson
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Chiharu Ishikawa
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Kathleen M Hueneman
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Kwangmin Choi
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Mario A Pujato
- Center for Autoimmune Genetics and Etiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Somchai Chutipongtanate
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Michael Wyder
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Wendy D Haffey
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Eric O'Brien
- Division of Oncology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Mark Wunderlich
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Vighnesh Ramesh
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Ellen M Kolb
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Biochemistry, and Microbiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Cem Meydan
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yaseswini Neelamraju
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Lyndsey C Bolanos
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Susanne Christie
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Molly A Smith
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.,Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Madeline Niederkorn
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.,Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Tomoya Muto
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Santosh Kesari
- Saint John's Cancer Institute at Providence St. John's Health Center, Santa Monica, CA, USA
| | - Francine E Garrett-Bakelman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.,Division of Hematology and Oncology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,University of Virginia Cancer Center, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Boris Bartholdy
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Britta Will
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Matthew T Weirauch
- Center for Autoimmune Genetics and Etiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.,Division of Biomedical Informatics and Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - James C Mulloy
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Zartash Gul
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Stephen Medlin
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Rhett A Kovall
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Biochemistry, and Microbiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Ari M Melnick
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - John P Perentesis
- Division of Oncology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Kenneth D Greis
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Elmar Nurmemmedov
- Saint John's Cancer Institute at Providence St. John's Health Center, Santa Monica, CA, USA
| | - William L Seibel
- Division of Oncology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Daniel T Starczynowski
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.,Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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9
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Barman PK, Goodridge HS. Microbial Sensing by Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells. Stem Cells 2022; 40:14-21. [PMID: 35511863 PMCID: PMC9072977 DOI: 10.1093/stmcls/sxab007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Balanced production of immune cells is critical for the maintenance of steady-state immune surveillance, and increased production of myeloid cells is sometimes necessary to eliminate pathogens. Hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (HSPC) sensing of commensal microbes and invading pathogens has a notable impact on hematopoiesis. In this review, we examine how commensal microbes regulate bone marrow HSPC activity to maintain balanced hematopoiesis in the steady state, and how HSPCs proliferate and differentiate during emergency myelopoiesis in response to infection. HSPCs express a variety of pattern recognition receptors and cytokine receptors that they use to sense the presence of microbes, either directly via detection of microbial components and metabolites, or indirectly by responding to cytokines produced by other host cells. We describe direct and indirect mechanisms of microbial sensing by HSPCs and highlight evidence demonstrating long-term effects of acute and chronic microbial stimuli on HSPCs. We also discuss a possible connection between myeloid-biased hematopoiesis and elevated levels of circulating microbiome-derived components in the context of aging and metabolic stress. Finally, we highlight the prospect of trained immunity-based vaccines that could exploit microbial stimulation of HSPCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pijus K Barman
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Research Division of Immunology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Helen S Goodridge
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Research Division of Immunology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Corresponding author: Helen S. Goodridge, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Boulevard, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA.
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10
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Elahi S. Hematopoietic responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:187. [PMID: 35284964 PMCID: PMC8918078 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04220-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Under physiological conditions, hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) in the bone marrow niches are responsible for the highly regulated and interconnected hematopoiesis process. At the same time, they must recognize potential threats and respond promptly to protect the host. A wide spectrum of microbial agents/products and the consequences of infection-induced mediators (e.g. cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors) can have prominent impact on HSPCs. While COVID-19 starts as a respiratory tract infection, it is considered a systemic disease which profoundly alters the hematopoietic system. Lymphopenia, neutrophilia, thrombocytopenia, and stress erythropoiesis are the hallmark of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Moreover, thrombocytopenia and blood hypercoagulability are common among COVID-19 patients with severe disease. Notably, the invasion of erythroid precursors and progenitors by SARS-CoV-2 is a cardinal feature of COVID-19 disease which may in part explain the mechanism underlying hypoxia. These pieces of evidence support the notion of skewed steady-state hematopoiesis to stress hematopoiesis following SARS-CoV-2 infection. The functional consequences of these alterations depend on the magnitude of the effect, which launches a unique hematopoietic response that is associated with increased myeloid at the expense of decreased lymphoid cells. This article reviews some of the key pathways including the infectious and inflammatory processes that control hematopoiesis, followed by a comprehensive review that summarizes the latest evidence and discusses how SARS-CoV-2 infection impacts hematopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shokrollah Elahi
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Division of Foundational Sciences, Department of Oncology, and Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, University of Alberta, 7020 Katz Group Centre, 11361-87th Ave NW, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1 Canada
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11
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Paudel S, Ghimire L, Jin L, Jeansonne D, Jeyaseelan S. Regulation of emergency granulopoiesis during infection. Front Immunol 2022; 13:961601. [PMID: 36148240 PMCID: PMC9485265 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.961601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
During acute infectious and inflammatory conditions, a large number of neutrophils are in high demand as they are consumed in peripheral organs. The hematopoietic system rapidly responds to the demand by turning from steady state to emergency granulopoiesis to expedite neutrophil generation in the bone marrow (BM). How the hematopoietic system integrates pathogenic and inflammatory stress signals into the molecular cues of emergency granulopoiesis has been the subject of investigations. Recent studies in the field have highlighted emerging concepts, including the direct sensing of pathogens by BM resident or sentinel hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs), the crosstalk of HSPCs, endothelial cells, and stromal cells to convert signals to granulopoiesis, and the identification of novel inflammatory molecules, such as C/EBP-β, ROS, IL-27, IFN-γ, CXCL1 with direct effects on HSPCs. In this review, we will provide a detailed account of emerging concepts while reassessing well-established cellular and molecular players of emergency granulopoiesis. While providing our views on the discrepant results and theories, we will postulate an updated model of granulopoiesis in the context of health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sagar Paudel
- Center for Lung Biology and Disease, Louisiana State University (LSU) School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, LA, United States.,Department of Pathobiological Sciences, Louisiana State University (LSU) School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Laxman Ghimire
- Center for Lung Biology and Disease, Louisiana State University (LSU) School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, LA, United States.,Department of Pathobiological Sciences, Louisiana State University (LSU) School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Liliang Jin
- Center for Lung Biology and Disease, Louisiana State University (LSU) School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, LA, United States.,Department of Pathobiological Sciences, Louisiana State University (LSU) School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Duane Jeansonne
- Center for Lung Biology and Disease, Louisiana State University (LSU) School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, LA, United States.,Department of Pathobiological Sciences, Louisiana State University (LSU) School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Samithamby Jeyaseelan
- Center for Lung Biology and Disease, Louisiana State University (LSU) School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, LA, United States.,Department of Pathobiological Sciences, Louisiana State University (LSU) School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, LA, United States.,Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, LSU Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
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12
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De Zuani M, Frič J. Train the Trainer: Hematopoietic Stem Cell Control of Trained Immunity. Front Immunol 2022; 13:827250. [PMID: 35154147 PMCID: PMC8828730 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.827250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent evidence shows that innate immune cells, in addition to B and T cells, can retain immunological memory of their encounters and afford long-term resistance against infections in a process known as 'trained immunity'. However, the duration of the unspecific protection observed in vivo is poorly compatible with the average lifespan of innate immune cells, suggesting the involvement of long-lived cells. Accordingly, recent studies demonstrate that hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) lay at the foundation of trained immunity, retaining immunological memory of infections and giving rise to a "trained" myeloid progeny for a long time. In this review, we discuss the research demonstrating the involvement of HSPCs in the onset of long-lasting trained immunity. We highlight the roles of specific cytokines and Toll-like receptor ligands in influencing HSPC memory phenotypes and the molecular mechanisms underlying trained immunity HSPCs. Finally, we discuss the potential benefits and drawbacks of the long-lasting trained immune responses, and describe the challenges that the field is facing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco De Zuani
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne’s University Hospital, Brno, Czechia
| | - Jan Frič
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne’s University Hospital, Brno, Czechia
- Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, Prague, Czechia
- *Correspondence: Jan Frič,
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13
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Orozco SL, Canny SP, Hamerman JA. Signals governing monocyte differentiation during inflammation. Curr Opin Immunol 2021; 73:16-24. [PMID: 34411882 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2021.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Monocytes are innate immune cells that develop in the bone marrow and are continually released into circulation, where they are poised to enter tissues in response to homeostatic or inflammatory cues. Monocytes are highly plastic cells that can differentiate in tissues into a variety of monocyte-derived cells to replace resident tissue macrophages, promote inflammatory responses, or resolution of inflammation. As such, monocytes can support tissue homeostasis as well as productive and pathogenic immune responses. Recent work shows previously unappreciated heterogeneity in monocyte development and differentiation in the steady state and during infectious, autoimmune, and inflammatory diseases. Monocyte-derived cells can differentiate via signals from cytokines, pattern recognition receptors or other factors, which can influence development in the bone marrow or in tissues. An improved understanding of these monocyte-derived cells and the signals that drive their differentiation in distinct inflammatory settings could allow for targeting these pathways in pathological inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana L Orozco
- Center for Fundamental Immunology, Benaroya Research Institute, 1201 9th Avenue, Seattle 98101, WA, USA
| | - Susan P Canny
- Center for Fundamental Immunology, Benaroya Research Institute, 1201 9th Avenue, Seattle 98101, WA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific St., Seattle 98195, WA, USA
| | - Jessica A Hamerman
- Center for Fundamental Immunology, Benaroya Research Institute, 1201 9th Avenue, Seattle 98101, WA, USA; Department of Immunology, University of Washington, 750 Republican St., Seattle 98109, WA, USA.
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14
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Bujanover N, Thapa R, Goldstein O, Olender L, Sharabi O, Milsom MD, Gazit R. Hypersensitivity response has negligible impact on Hematopoietic Stem Cells. Stem Cell Reports 2021; 16:1884-1893. [PMID: 34297939 PMCID: PMC8365095 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2021.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune cells are generated from hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) in the bone marrow (BM). Immune stimulation can rapidly activate HSCs out of their quiescent state to accelerate the generation of immune cells. HSCs' activation follows various viral or bacterial stimuli, and we sought to investigate the hypersensitivity immune response. Surprisingly, the Ova-induced hypersensitivity peritonitis model finds no significant changes in BM HSCs. HSC markers cKIT, SCA1, CD48, CD150, and the Fgd5-mCherry reporter showed no significant difference from control. Functionally, hypersensitivity did not alter HSCs' potency, as assayed by transplantation. We further characterized the possible impact of hypersensitivity using RNA-sequencing of HSCs, finding minor changes at the transcriptome level. Moreover, hypersensitivity induced no significant change in the proliferative state of HSCs. Therefore, this study suggests that, in contrast to other immune stimuli, hypersensitivity has no impact on HSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nir Bujanover
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 84105, Israel; National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, 84105, Israel
| | - Roshina Thapa
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 84105, Israel; National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, 84105, Israel
| | - Oron Goldstein
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 84105, Israel; National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, 84105, Israel; Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cells, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 84105, Israel
| | - Leonid Olender
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 84105, Israel; National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, 84105, Israel
| | - Omri Sharabi
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 84105, Israel; National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, 84105, Israel
| | - Michael D Milsom
- Heidelberg Institute for Stem Cell Technology and Experimental Medicine (HI-STEM gGmbH), Division of Experimental Hematology, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ) and DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Roi Gazit
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 84105, Israel; National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, 84105, Israel; Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cells, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 84105, Israel.
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15
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Sasaki Y, Guo YM, Goto T, Ubukawa K, Asanuma K, Kobayashi I, Sawada K, Wakui H, Takahashi N. IL-6 Generated from Human Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells through TLR4 Signaling Promotes Emergency Granulopoiesis by Regulating Transcription Factor Expression. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 207:1078-1086. [PMID: 34341172 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Emergency granulopoiesis, also known as demand-adapted granulopoiesis, is defined as the response of an organism to systemic bacterial infections, and it results in neutrophil mobilization from reservoir pools and increased myelopoiesis in the bone marrow. Indirect and direct initiating mechanisms of emergency granulopoiesis have been hypothesized. However, the detailed mechanism of hyperactive myelopoiesis in the bone marrow, which leads to granulocyte left shift, remains unknown. In this study, we report that TLR4 is expressed on granulo-monocytic progenitors, as well as mobilized human peripheral blood CD34+ cells, which account for 0.2% of monocytes in peripheral blood, and ∼ 10% in bone marrow. LPS, a component of Gram-negative bacteria that results in a systemic bacterial infection, induces the differentiation of peripheral blood CD34+ cells into myelocytes and monocytes in vitro via the TLR4 signaling pathway. Moreover, CD34+ cells directly responded to LPS stimulation by activating the MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways, and they produced IL-6 that promotes emergency granulopoiesis by phosphorylating C/EBPα and C/EBPβ, and this effect was suppressed by the action of an IL-6 receptor inhibitor. This work supports the finding that TLR is expressed on human hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells, and it provides evidence that human hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells can directly sense pathogens and produce cytokines exerting autocrine and/or paracrine effects, thereby promoting differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumi Sasaki
- Department of Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Akita University, Akita, Japan
| | - Yong-Mei Guo
- Department of Hematology, Nephrology, and Rheumatology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan;
| | - Tatsufumi Goto
- Department of Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Akita University, Akita, Japan
| | - Kumi Ubukawa
- Department of Hematology, Nephrology, and Rheumatology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Ken Asanuma
- Division of Radio Isotope, Bioscience Education and Research Support Center, Akita University School of Medicine, Akita, Japan; and
| | - Isuzu Kobayashi
- Department of Hematology, Nephrology, and Rheumatology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Kenichi Sawada
- Medical Corporation Hokubukai Utsukushigaoka Hospital, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Hideki Wakui
- Department of Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Akita University, Akita, Japan
| | - Naoto Takahashi
- Department of Hematology, Nephrology, and Rheumatology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
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16
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Singh P, Pelus LM. Prostaglandin E 2 Regulates Bipotent Monocyte-Dendritic Progenitor Cell Lineage-Commitment. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2021; 17:2338-2346. [PMID: 34159458 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-021-10202-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The factors/mechanisms regulating multipotent or bipotent hematopoietic progenitor cells lineage-commitment are not well understood. In this study, we found that prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is a crucial physiological regulator of lineage choice for the bipotential monocyte-dendritic progenitor cell (MDP). Inhibition of endogenous PGE2 biosynthesis in mice by the dual cyclooxygenase inhibitor, indomethacin, enhances bone marrow and spleen monocyte (MO) differentiation and reduces dendritic cell (DC) differentiation. Ex vivo treatment of purified MDP with indomethacin preferentially increases MO development at the expense of DC generation, whereas addition of exogenous PGE2 reverses the indomethacin-mediated alteration in MDP differentiation potential. Treatment of MDP with selective EP receptor agonists demonstrated that EP1 signaling promotes MDP differentiation into DC at the expense of MO generation. Conversely, EP1 receptor knockout mice showed reduced DC and increased MO differentiation. Mechanistic studies revealed that PGE2 increases expression of the tyrosine kinase receptor Flt3 on MDP and increases the DC-lineage-related transcription factor PU.1, while reducing expression of M-CSFR and the MO-lineage-related transcription factor MafB. These data indicate that PGE2-EP1 signaling plays a critical role in MDP lineage commitment and DC and MO differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratibha Singh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA. .,Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, 980 West Walnut Street, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
| | - Louis M Pelus
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.,Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, 980 West Walnut Street, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
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17
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Raghav PK, Gangenahalli G. PU.1 Mimic Synthetic Peptides Selectively Bind with GATA-1 and Allow c-Jun PU.1 Binding to Enhance Myelopoiesis. Int J Nanomedicine 2021; 16:3833-3859. [PMID: 34113102 PMCID: PMC8187006 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s303235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hematopoietic stem cells' commitment to myelopoiesis builds immunity to prevent infection. This process is controlled through transcription factor, especially Purine rich box 1 (PU.1) protein, which plays a central role in regulating myelopoiesis. The β3/β4 region of PU.1 accommodates a coactivator transcription factor, c-Jun, to activate myelopoiesis. However, an erythroid transcription factor, GATA-1, competes with c-Jun for the β3/β4 region, abolishing myelopoiesis and promoting erythropoiesis. This competitive regulation decides the hematopoietic stem cells' commitment towards either erythroid or myeloid lineage. METHODS Therefore, this study investigated the in vitro and in vivo effect of novel synthetic PU.1 β3/β4 mimic peptide analogs and peptide-loaded hydrophilic poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) nanoparticles. RESULTS The designed peptides significantly increase the expression of corresponding myeloid markers, specifically CD33 in vitro. However, the in vivo delivery of peptide-loaded PLGA nanoparticles, which have sustained release effect of peptides, increases 10.8% of granulocytes as compared to control. CONCLUSION The observations showed that the fabricated nanoparticles protected the loaded peptides from the harsh intracellular environment for a longer duration without causing any toxicity. These findings highlight the possibility to use these peptides and peptide-loaded nanoparticles to increase hematopoietic stem cell commitment to myeloid cells in case of opportunistic infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pawan Kumar Raghav
- Division of Stem Cell and Gene Therapy Research, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences (INMAS), Delhi, 110054, India
| | - Gurudutta Gangenahalli
- Division of Stem Cell and Gene Therapy Research, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences (INMAS), Delhi, 110054, India
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18
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Dudek AM, Porteus MH. Answered and Unanswered Questions in Early-Stage Viral Vector Transduction Biology and Innate Primary Cell Toxicity for Ex-Vivo Gene Editing. Front Immunol 2021; 12:660302. [PMID: 34122418 PMCID: PMC8195279 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.660302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Adeno-associated virus is a highly efficient DNA delivery vehicle for genome editing strategies that employ CRISPR/Cas9 and a DNA donor for homology-directed repair. Many groups have used this strategy in development of therapies for blood and immune disorders such as sickle-cell anemia and severe-combined immunodeficiency. However, recent events have called into question the immunogenicity of AAV as a gene therapy vector and the safety profile dictated by the immune response to this vector. The target cells dictating this response and the molecular mechanisms dictating cellular response to AAV are poorly understood. Here, we will investigate the current known AAV capsid and genome interactions with cellular proteins during early stage vector transduction and how these interactions may influence innate cellular responses. We will discuss the current understanding of innate immune activation and DNA damage response to AAV, and the limitations of what is currently known. In particular, we will focus on pathway differences in cell line verses primary cells, with a focus on hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) in the context of ex-vivo gene editing, and what we can learn from HSPC infection by other parvoviruses. Finally, we will discuss how innate immune and DNA damage response pathway activation in these highly sensitive stem cell populations may impact long-term engraftment and clinical outcomes as these gene-editing strategies move towards the clinic, with the aim to propose pathways relevant for improved hematopoietic stem cell survival and long-term engraftment after AAV-mediated genome editing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Mary Dudek
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, United States
| | - Matthew Hebden Porteus
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, United States
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19
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Li S, Yao JC, Li JT, Schmidt AP, Link DC. TLR7/8 agonist treatment induces an increase in bone marrow resident dendritic cells and hematopoietic progenitor expansion and mobilization. Exp Hematol 2021; 96:35-43.e7. [PMID: 33556431 PMCID: PMC9900459 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2021.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
There is accumulating evidence suggesting that toll-like receptor (TLR) signals play an important role in the regulation of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs). TLR7/8 stimulation induces the myeloid differentiation of normal HSPCs and acute myeloid leukemia cells. However, the in vivo effect of TLR7/8 agonists on hematopoiesis is largely unknown. Here, we show that, similar to TLR4 and TLR2, treatment with the TLR7/8 agonist R848 induces an expansion of phenotypic hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) with reduced repopulating potential and HSPC mobilization. In contrast to chronic TLR4 stimulation, treatment with R848 for 5 days did not induce a significant increase in myeloid-biased HSCs. Treatment with R848 results in a significant increase in classic dendritic cells (DCs) in the bone marrow, but a decrease in common dendritic cell progenitors and pre-DCs. Phenotypic analysis of DCs revealed that R848 treatment is associated with altered expression of certain chemokines, activation markers, and migratory receptors. Together, these data indicate that systemic administration of a TLR7/8 agonist has unique effects on hematopoiesis, including the expansion of DCs in the bone marrow, that might have clinical relevance to augment responses to certain immunotherapies, such as cancer vaccines and immune checkpoint blockade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sidan Li
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA.,Hematology Oncology Center, Beijing Children’s Hospital, National Center for Children’s Health, Capital Medial University, Beijing, China
| | - Juo-Chin Yao
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Justin T. Li
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Amy P. Schmidt
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Daniel C. Link
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
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20
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Abstract
Obesity and obesity-related diseases like type 2 diabetes (T2D) are prominent global health issues; therefore, there is a need to better understand the mechanisms underlying these conditions. The onset of obesity is characterized by accumulation of proinflammatory cells, including Ly6chi monocytes (which differentiate into proinflammatory macrophages) and neutrophils, in metabolic tissues. This shift toward chronic, low-grade inflammation is an obese-state hallmark and highly linked to metabolic disorders and other obesity comorbidities. The mechanisms that induce and maintain increased inflammatory myelopoiesis are of great interest, with a recent focus on how obesity affects more primitive hematopoietic cells. The hematopoietic system is constantly replenished by proper regulation of hematopoietic stem and progenitor (HSPC) pools in the BM. While early research suggests that chronic obesity promotes expansion of myeloid-skewed HSPCs, the involvement of the hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) niche in regulating obesity-induced myelopoiesis remains undefined. In this review, we explore the role of the multicellular HSC niche in hematopoiesis and inflammation, and the potential contribution of this niche to the hematopoietic response to obesity. This review further aims to summarize the potential HSC niche involvement as a target of obesity-induced inflammation and a driver of obesity-induced myelopoiesis.
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21
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Vadillo E, Taniguchi-Ponciano K, Lopez-Macias C, Carvente-Garcia R, Mayani H, Ferat-Osorio E, Flores-Padilla G, Torres J, Gonzalez-Bonilla CR, Majluf A, Albarran-Sanchez A, Galan JC, Peña-Martínez E, Silva-Román G, Vela-Patiño S, Ferreira-Hermosillo A, Ramirez-Renteria C, Espinoza-Sanchez NA, Pelayo-Camacho R, Bonifaz L, Arriaga-Pizano L, Mata-Lozano C, Andonegui-Elguera S, Wacher N, Blanco-Favela F, De-Lira-Barraza R, Villanueva-Compean H, Esquivel-Pineda A, Ramírez-Montes-de-Oca R, Anda-Garay C, Noyola-García M, Guizar-García L, Cerbulo-Vazquez A, Zamudio-Meza H, Marrero-Rodríguez D, Mercado M. A Shift Towards an Immature Myeloid Profile in Peripheral Blood of Critically Ill COVID-19 Patients. Arch Med Res 2020; 52:311-323. [PMID: 33248817 PMCID: PMC7670924 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2020.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background SARS-CoV-2, the etiological agent causing COVID-19, has infected more than 27 million people with over 894000 deaths worldwide since its emergence in December 2019. Factors for severe diseases, such as diabetes, hypertension, and obesity have been identified however, the precise pathogenesis is poorly understood. To understand its pathophysiology and to develop effective therapeutic strategies, it is essential to define the prevailing immune cellular subsets. Methods We performed whole circulating immune cells scRNAseq from five critically ill COVID-19 patients, trajectory and gene ontology analysis. Results Immature myeloid populations, such as promyelocytes-myelocytes, metamyelocytes, band neutrophils, monocytoid precursors, and activated monocytes predominated. The trajectory with pseudotime analysis supported the finding of immature cell states. While the gene ontology showed myeloid cell activation in immune response, DNA and RNA processing, defense response to the virus, and response to type 1 interferon. Lymphoid lineage was scarce. Expression of genes such as C/EBPβ, IRF1and FOSL2 potentially suggests the induction of trained immunity. Conclusions Our results uncover transcriptomic profiles related to immature myeloid lineages and suggest the potential induction of trained immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Vadillo
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Oncológicas, Hospital de Oncología, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Keiko Taniguchi-Ponciano
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Endocrinas, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Medico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Constantino Lopez-Macias
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Inmunoquimica, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Medico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Roberto Carvente-Garcia
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Endocrinas, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Medico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México, México; Analitek S.A. de C.V, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Hector Mayani
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Oncológicas, Hospital de Oncología, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Eduardo Ferat-Osorio
- Division de Investigacion en Salud, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Medico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Guillermo Flores-Padilla
- Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Medico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Javier Torres
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Infecciosas y Parasitarias, Hospital de Pediatria, Centro Medico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Cesar Raul Gonzalez-Bonilla
- Coordinación de Investigación en Salud, Centro Medico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Abraham Majluf
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en trombosis, hemostasia y aterogenesis, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Alejandra Albarran-Sanchez
- Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Medico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Juan Carlos Galan
- Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Medico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Eduardo Peña-Martínez
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Endocrinas, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Medico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Gloria Silva-Román
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Endocrinas, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Medico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Sandra Vela-Patiño
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Endocrinas, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Medico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Aldo Ferreira-Hermosillo
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Endocrinas, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Medico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Claudia Ramirez-Renteria
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Endocrinas, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Medico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Nancy Adriana Espinoza-Sanchez
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Oncológicas, Hospital de Oncología, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Rosana Pelayo-Camacho
- Centro de Investigación Biomedica de Oriente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Puebla, México
| | - Laura Bonifaz
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Inmunoquimica, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Medico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Lourdes Arriaga-Pizano
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Inmunoquimica, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Medico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Carlos Mata-Lozano
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Endocrinas, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Medico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México, México; Analitek S.A. de C.V, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Sergio Andonegui-Elguera
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Endocrinas, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Medico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Niels Wacher
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Epidemiologia Clinica, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Medico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Francisco Blanco-Favela
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Inmunología, Hospital de Pediatría, Centro Medico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Roberto De-Lira-Barraza
- Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Medico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Humberto Villanueva-Compean
- Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Medico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Alejandra Esquivel-Pineda
- Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Medico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Rubén Ramírez-Montes-de-Oca
- Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Medico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Carlos Anda-Garay
- Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Medico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Maura Noyola-García
- Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Medico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Luis Guizar-García
- Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Medico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Arturo Cerbulo-Vazquez
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Inmunoquimica, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Medico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Horacio Zamudio-Meza
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Inmunoquimica, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Medico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Daniel Marrero-Rodríguez
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Endocrinas, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Medico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México, México.
| | - Moises Mercado
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Endocrinas, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Medico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México, México.
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22
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Ratliff ML, Shankar M, Guthridge JM, James JA, Webb CF. TLR engagement induces ARID3a in human blood hematopoietic progenitors and modulates IFNα production. Cell Immunol 2020; 357:104201. [PMID: 32979763 PMCID: PMC7737244 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2020.104201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The DNA binding protein AT-rich interacting domain 3a (ARID3a)2 is expressed in healthy human hematopoietic cord blood progenitors where its modulation influences myeloid versus B lineage development. ARID3a is also variably expressed in subsets of adult peripheral blood hematopoietic progenitors where the consequences of ARID3a expression are unknown. In B lymphocytes, Toll-like receptor (TLR)3 signaling induces ARID3a expression in association with Type I interferon inflammatory cytokines. We hypothesized that TLR ligand stimulation of peripheral blood hematopoietic progenitors would induce ARID3a expression resulting in interferon production, and potentially influencing lineage decisions. Our data revealed that the TLR9 agonist CpG induces ARID3a expression with interferon alpha synthesis in human hematopoietic progenitors. However, ARID3a expression was not associated with increased B lineage development. These results demonstrate the need for further experiments to better define how pathogen-associated responses influence hematopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle L Ratliff
- Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Malini Shankar
- Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Joel M Guthridge
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Resource Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Judith A James
- Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Resource Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Carol F Webb
- Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA; Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA.
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23
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Sioud M. Microbial sensing by haematopoietic stem and progenitor cells: Vigilance against infections and immune education of myeloid cells. Scand J Immunol 2020; 92:e12957. [PMID: 32767789 DOI: 10.1111/sji.12957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Bone marrow haematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) express pattern recognition receptors such as Toll-like receptors (TLRs) to sense microbial products and activation of these innate immune receptors induces cytokine expression and redirects bone marrow haematopoiesis towards the increased production of myeloid cells. Secreted cytokines by HSPCs in response to TLR ligands can act in an autocrine or paracrine manner to regulate haematopoiesis. Moreover, tonic activation of HSPCs by microbiota-derived compounds might educate HSPCs to produce superior myeloid cells equipped with innate memory responses to combat pathogens. While haematopoietic stem cell activation through TLRs meets the increased demand for blood leucocytes to protect the host against infection, persistent exposure to inflammatory cytokines or microbial products might impair their function and even induce malignant transformation. This review highlights the potential outcomes of HSPCs in response to TLR ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mouldy Sioud
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Oslo University Hospital-Radiumhospitalet, Montebello, Norway
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24
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The innate immune system is essential in the protection against microbial infection and facilitating tissue repair mechanisms. During these stresses, the maintenance of innate immune cell numbers through stress-induced or emergency hematopoiesis is key for our survival. One major mechanism to recognize danger signals is through the activation of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) on the surface of hematopoietic cells, including hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) and hematopoietic progenitor cell (HPC), and nonhematopoietic cells, which recognize pathogen-derived or damaged-induced compounds and can influence the emergency hematopoietic response. This review explores how direct pathogen-sensing by HSC/HPC regulates hematopoiesis, and the positive and negative consequences of these signals. RECENT FINDINGS Recent studies have highlighted new roles for TLRs in regulating HSC and HPC differentiation to innate immune cells of both myeloid and lymphoid origin and augmenting HSC and HPC migration capabilities. Most interestingly, new insights as to how acute versus chronic stimulation of TLR signaling regulates HSC and HPC function has been explored. SUMMARY Recent evidence suggests that TLRs may play an important role in many inflammation-associated diseases. This suggests a possible use for TLR agonists or antagonists as potential therapeutics. Understanding the direct effects of TLR signaling by HSC and HPC may help regulate inflammatory/danger signal-driven emergency hematopoiesis.
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25
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Dectin-1 Stimulation of Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells Occurs In Vivo and Promotes Differentiation Toward Trained Macrophages via an Indirect Cell-Autonomous Mechanism. mBio 2020; 11:mBio.00781-20. [PMID: 32576672 PMCID: PMC7315119 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00781-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Invasive candidiasis is an increasingly frequent cause of serious and often fatal infections. Understanding host defense is essential to design novel therapeutic strategies to boost immune protection against Candida albicans. In this article, we delve into two new concepts that have arisen over the last years: (i) the delivery of myelopoiesis-inducing signals by microbial components directly sensed by hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) and (ii) the concept of “trained innate immunity” that may also apply to HSPCs. We demonstrate that dectin-1 ligation in vivo activates HSPCs and induces their differentiation to trained macrophages by a cell-autonomous indirect mechanism. This points to new mechanisms by which pathogen detection by HSPCs may modulate hematopoiesis in real time to generate myeloid cells better prepared to deal with the infection. Manipulation of this process may help to boost the innate immune response during candidiasis. Toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists drive hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) to differentiate along the myeloid lineage. In this study, we used an HSPC transplantation model to investigate the possible direct interaction of β-glucan and its receptor (dectin-1) on HSPCs in vivo. Purified HSPCs from bone marrow of B6Ly5.1 mice (CD45.1 alloantigen) were transplanted into dectin-1−/− mice (CD45.2 alloantigen), which were then injected with β-glucan (depleted zymosan). As recipient mouse cells do not recognize the dectin-1 agonist injected, interference by soluble mediators secreted by recipient cells is negligible. Transplanted HSPCs differentiated into macrophages in response to depleted zymosan in the spleens and bone marrow of recipient mice. Functionally, macrophages derived from HSPCs exposed to depleted zymosan in vivo produced higher levels of inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor alpha [TNF-α] and interleukin 6 [IL-6]). These results demonstrate that trained immune responses, already described for monocytes and macrophages, also take place in HSPCs. Using a similar in vivo model of HSPC transplantation, we demonstrated that inactivated yeasts of Candida albicans induce differentiation of HSPCs through a dectin-1- and MyD88-dependent pathway. Soluble factors produced following exposure of HSPCs to dectin-1 agonists acted in a paracrine manner to induce myeloid differentiation and to influence the function of macrophages derived from dectin-1-unresponsive or β-glucan-unexposed HSPCs. Finally, we demonstrated that an in vitro transient exposure of HSPCs to live C. albicans cells, prior to differentiation, is sufficient to induce a trained phenotype of the macrophages they produce in a dectin-1- and Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2)-dependent manner.
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26
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Zhang X, Karatepe K, Chiewchengchol D, Zhu H, Guo R, Liu P, Yu H, Ren Q, Luo X, Cheng T, Ma F, Xu Y, Han M, Luo HR. Bacteria-Induced Acute Inflammation Does Not Reduce the Long-Term Reconstitution Capacity of Bone Marrow Hematopoietic Stem Cells. Front Immunol 2020; 11:626. [PMID: 32373117 PMCID: PMC7179742 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathogen-initiated chronic inflammation or autoimmune diseases accelerate proliferation and promote differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) but simultaneously reduce reconstitution capacity. Nevertheless, the effect of acute infection and inflammation on functional HSCs is still largely unknown. Here we found that acute infection elicited by heat-inactivated Escherichia coli (HIEC) expanded bone marrow lineage-negative (Lin)− stem-cell antigen 1 (Sca-1)+cKit+ (LSK) cell population, leading to reduced frequency of functional HSCs in LSK population. However, the total number of BM phenotypic HSCs (Flk2−CD48−CD150+ LSK cells) was not altered in HIEC-challenged mice. Additionally, the reconstitution capacity of the total BM between infected and uninfected mice was similar by both the competitive repopulation assay and measurement of functional HSCs by limiting dilution. Thus, occasionally occurring acute inflammation, which is critical for host defenses, is unlikely to affect HSC self-renewal and maintenance of long-term reconstitution capacity. During acute bacterial infection and inflammation, the hematopoietic system can replenish hematopoietic cells consumed in the innate inflammatory response by accelerating hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell proliferation, but preserving functional HSCs in the BM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Stem Cell Institute (HSCI), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Lab Medicine, The Stem Cell Program, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, MA, United States.,Dana-Farber/Harvard Cancer Center, Boston, MA, United States.,The State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Kutay Karatepe
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Stem Cell Institute (HSCI), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Lab Medicine, The Stem Cell Program, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, MA, United States.,Dana-Farber/Harvard Cancer Center, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Direkrit Chiewchengchol
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Stem Cell Institute (HSCI), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Lab Medicine, The Stem Cell Program, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, MA, United States.,Dana-Farber/Harvard Cancer Center, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Haiyan Zhu
- The State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Rongxia Guo
- The State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Peng Liu
- The State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Hongbo Yu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, VA Boston Healthcare System, West Roxbury, MA, United States
| | - Qian Ren
- The State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiao Luo
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Stem Cell Institute (HSCI), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Lab Medicine, The Stem Cell Program, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, MA, United States.,Dana-Farber/Harvard Cancer Center, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Tao Cheng
- The State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Fengxia Ma
- The State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuanfu Xu
- The State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Mingzhe Han
- Department of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Hongbo R Luo
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Stem Cell Institute (HSCI), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Lab Medicine, The Stem Cell Program, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, MA, United States.,Dana-Farber/Harvard Cancer Center, Boston, MA, United States
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27
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Rosales C. Neutrophils at the crossroads of innate and adaptive immunity. J Leukoc Biol 2020; 108:377-396. [DOI: 10.1002/jlb.4mir0220-574rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Rosales
- Departamento de Inmunología Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Mexico City Mexico
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28
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Bieber K, Autenrieth SE. Dendritic cell development in infection. Mol Immunol 2020; 121:111-117. [PMID: 32199210 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2020.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The immune system protects from infections primarily by detecting and eliminating invading pathogens. This is predominantly mediated by innate immune cells like neutrophils, monocytes and dendritic cells (DCs) expressing specific receptors recognizing pathogen-associated molecular patterns. DC activation by pathogens leads to the initiation of antigen-specific adaptive immune responses, thereby bridging the innate and adaptive immune systems. However, various pathogens have evolved immune evasion strategies to ensure their survival. In this review, we highlight recent findings on how various microorganisms or their structural features affect or modulate DC development and whether this has any consequences for a protective immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Bieber
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University of Tübingen, Germany
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29
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D'Atri LP, Rodríguez CS, Miguel CP, Pozner RG, Ortiz Wilczyñski JM, Negrotto S, Carrera-Silva EA, Heller PG, Schattner M. Activation of toll-like receptors 2 and 4 on CD34 + cells increases human megakaryo/thrombopoiesis induced by thrombopoietin. J Thromb Haemost 2019; 17:2196-2210. [PMID: 31397069 DOI: 10.1111/jth.14605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Platelet Toll-like receptor (TLR)2/4 are key players in amplifying the host immune response; however, their role in human megakaryo/thrombopoiesis has not yet been defined. OBJECTIVES We evaluated whether Pam3CSK4 or lipopolysaccharide (LPS), TLR2/4 ligands respectively, modulate human megakaryocyte development and platelet production. METHODS CD34+ cells from human umbilical cord were stimulated with LPS or Pam3CSK4 with or without thrombopoietin (TPO). RESULTS CD34+ cells and megakaryocytes express TLR2 and TLR4 at both RNA and protein level; however, direct stimulation of CD34+ cells with LPS or Pam3CSK4 had no effect on cell growth. Interestingly, both TLR ligands markedly increased TPO-induced CD34+ cell proliferation, megakaryocyte number and maturity, proplatelet and platelet production when added at day 0. In contrast, this synergism was not observed when TLR agonists were added 7 days after TPO addition. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) release was observed upon CD34+ or megakaryocyte stimulation with LPS or Pam3CSK4 but not with TPO and this effect was potentiated in combination with TPO. The increased proliferation and IL-6 production induced by TPO + LPS or Pam3CSK4 were suppressed by TLR2/4 or IL-6 neutralizing antibodies, as well as by PI3K/AKT and nuclear factor-κB inhibitors. Additionally, increased proplatelet and platelet production were associated with enhanced nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-E2. Finally, the supernatants of CD34+ cells stimulated with TPO+LPS-induced CFU-M colonies. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that the activation of TLR2 and TLR4 in CD34+ cells and megakaryocytes in the presence of TPO may contribute to warrant platelet provision during infection episodes by an autocrine IL-6 loop triggered by PI3K/NF-κB axes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Paola D'Atri
- Laboratory of Experimental Thrombosis, Institute of Experimental Medicine-CONICET-National Academy of Medicine, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Camila Sofía Rodríguez
- Laboratory of Experimental Thrombosis, Institute of Experimental Medicine-CONICET-National Academy of Medicine, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carolina Paula Miguel
- Laboratory of Experimental Thrombosis, Institute of Experimental Medicine-CONICET-National Academy of Medicine, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Roberto Gabriel Pozner
- Laboratory of Experimental Thrombosis, Institute of Experimental Medicine-CONICET-National Academy of Medicine, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Juan Manuel Ortiz Wilczyñski
- Laboratory of Experimental Thrombosis, Institute of Experimental Medicine-CONICET-National Academy of Medicine, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Soledad Negrotto
- Laboratory of Experimental Thrombosis, Institute of Experimental Medicine-CONICET-National Academy of Medicine, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Eugenio Antonio Carrera-Silva
- Laboratory of Experimental Thrombosis, Institute of Experimental Medicine-CONICET-National Academy of Medicine, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Paula Graciela Heller
- Institute of Medical Research Dr. Alfredo Lanari, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Department of Hematology Research, National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), University of Buenos Aires, Institute of Medical Research (IDIM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mirta Schattner
- Laboratory of Experimental Thrombosis, Institute of Experimental Medicine-CONICET-National Academy of Medicine, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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30
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Toll-like receptor 2 expression on c-kit + cells tracks the emergence of embryonic definitive hematopoietic progenitors. Nat Commun 2019; 10:5176. [PMID: 31729371 PMCID: PMC6858454 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13150-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematopoiesis in mammalian embryos proceeds through three successive waves of hematopoietic progenitors. Since their emergence spatially and temporally overlap and phenotypic markers are often shared, the specifics regarding their origin, development, lineage restriction and mutual relationships have not been fully determined. The identification of wave-specific markers would aid to resolve these uncertainties. Here, we show that toll-like receptors (TLRs) are expressed during early mouse embryogenesis. We provide phenotypic and functional evidence that the expression of TLR2 on E7.5 c-kit+ cells marks the emergence of precursors of erythro-myeloid progenitors (EMPs) and provides resolution for separate tracking of EMPs from primitive progenitors. Using in vivo fate mapping, we show that at E8.5 the Tlr2 locus is already active in emerging EMPs and in progenitors of adult hematopoietic stem cells (HSC). Together, this data demonstrates that the activation of the Tlr2 locus tracks the earliest events in the process of EMP and HSC specification. There is limited knowledge of markers to identify various waves of murine embryonic hematopoiesis. Here, the authors show that the expression of toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) on E7.5 c-kit+ cells marks the emergence of erythro-myeloid progenitor precursors and that the Tlr2 locus is active in E8.5 precursors of adult HSCs.
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31
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Guillamot M, Ouazia D, Dolgalev I, Yeung ST, Kourtis N, Dai Y, Corrigan K, Zea-Redondo L, Saraf A, Florens L, Washburn MP, Tikhonova AN, Malumbres M, Gong Y, Tsirigos A, Park C, Barbieri C, Khanna KM, Busino L, Aifantis I. The E3 ubiquitin ligase SPOP controls resolution of systemic inflammation by triggering MYD88 degradation. Nat Immunol 2019; 20:1196-1207. [PMID: 31406379 PMCID: PMC7376385 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-019-0454-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The response to systemic infection and injury requires the rapid adaptation of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), which proliferate and divert their differentiation toward the myeloid lineage. Significant interest has emerged in understanding the signals that trigger the emergency hematopoietic program. However, the mechanisms that halt this response of HSCs, which is critical to restore homeostasis, remain unknown. Here we reveal that the E3 ubiquitin ligase Speckle-type BTB-POZ protein (SPOP) restrains the inflammatory activation of HSCs. In the absence of Spop, systemic inflammation proceeded in an unresolved manner, and the sustained response in the HSCs resulted in a lethal phenotype reminiscent of hyper-inflammatory syndrome or sepsis. Our proteomic studies decipher that SPOP restricted inflammation by ubiquitinating the innate signal transducer myeloid differentiation primary response protein 88 (MYD88). These findings unearth an HSC-intrinsic post-translational mechanism that is essential for reestablishing homeostasis after emergency hematopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Guillamot
- Department of Pathology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,These authors contributed equally: Maria Guillamot, Dahmane Ouazia.,Correspondence and requests for materials should be addressed to M.G., L.B. or I.A., ; ;
| | - Dahmane Ouazia
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,These authors contributed equally: Maria Guillamot, Dahmane Ouazia
| | - Igor Dolgalev
- Department of Pathology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,Applied Bioinformatics Laboratories, Office of Science & Research, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Stephen T. Yeung
- Department of Microbiology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nikos Kourtis
- Department of Pathology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yuling Dai
- Department of Pathology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kate Corrigan
- Department of Pathology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Luna Zea-Redondo
- Department of Pathology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Anita Saraf
- The Stowers Institute of Medical Research, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | | | - Michael P. Washburn
- The Stowers Institute of Medical Research, Kansas City, MO, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Anastasia N. Tikhonova
- Department of Pathology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Marina Malumbres
- Department of Pathology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yixiao Gong
- Department of Pathology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Aristotelis Tsirigos
- Department of Pathology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,Applied Bioinformatics Laboratories, Office of Science & Research, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Christopher Park
- Department of Pathology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Christopher Barbieri
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kamal M. Khanna
- Department of Microbiology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Luca Busino
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,These authors contributed equally: Maria Guillamot, Dahmane Ouazia.,These authors jointly supervised this work: Luca Busino and Iannis Aifantis.,Correspondence and requests for materials should be addressed to M.G., L.B. or I.A., ; ;
| | - Iannis Aifantis
- Department of Pathology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,These authors contributed equally: Maria Guillamot, Dahmane Ouazia.,These authors jointly supervised this work: Luca Busino and Iannis Aifantis.,Correspondence and requests for materials should be addressed to M.G., L.B. or I.A., ; ;
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32
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Wildes TJ, Flores CT, Mitchell DA. Concise Review: Modulating Cancer Immunity with Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells. Stem Cells 2019; 37:166-175. [PMID: 30353618 PMCID: PMC6368859 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) are the progenitor cells that can regenerate the entire blood compartment, including the immune system. Recent studies have unearthed considerable immune-modulating potential of these cells. They can migrate through chemotactic gradients, differentiate into functional immune cells, and crosstalk with immune cells during infections, autoimmune diseases, and cancers. Although the primary role of HSPCs during solid malignancies is considered immunosuppressive, recent studies have discovered immune-activating HSPCs and progeny. In this review, we will discuss the recent evidence that HSPCs act as immunomodulators during solid cancers and highlight the future directions of discovery. Stem Cells 2019;37:166-175.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler J. Wildes
- University of Florida Brain Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Preston A. Wells, Jr. Center for Brain Tumor Therapy, Lillian S. Wells Department of NeurosurgeryMcKnight Brain Institute, University of FloridaGainesvilleFloridaUSA
| | - Catherine T. Flores
- University of Florida Brain Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Preston A. Wells, Jr. Center for Brain Tumor Therapy, Lillian S. Wells Department of NeurosurgeryMcKnight Brain Institute, University of FloridaGainesvilleFloridaUSA
| | - Duane A. Mitchell
- University of Florida Brain Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Preston A. Wells, Jr. Center for Brain Tumor Therapy, Lillian S. Wells Department of NeurosurgeryMcKnight Brain Institute, University of FloridaGainesvilleFloridaUSA
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O'Rourke F, Kempf VAJ. Interaction of bacteria and stem cells in health and disease. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2019; 43:162-180. [DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuz003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Fiona O'Rourke
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie und Krankenhaushygiene, University Hospital, Goethe University, Paul-Ehrlich-Str. 40, D-60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Volkhard A J Kempf
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie und Krankenhaushygiene, University Hospital, Goethe University, Paul-Ehrlich-Str. 40, D-60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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34
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Grainger J, Daw R, Wemyss K. Systemic instruction of cell-mediated immunity by the intestinal microbiome. F1000Res 2018; 7:F1000 Faculty Rev-1910. [PMID: 30631436 PMCID: PMC6290979 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.14633.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent research has shed light on the plethora of mechanisms by which the gastrointestinal commensal microbiome can influence the local immune response in the gut (in particular, the impact of the immune system on epithelial barrier homeostasis and ensuring microbial diversity). However, an area that is much less well explored but of tremendous therapeutic interest is the impact the gut microbiome has on systemic cell-mediated immune responses. In this commentary, we highlight some key studies that are beginning to broadly examine the different mechanisms by which the gastrointestinal microbiome can impact the systemic immune compartment. Specifically, we discuss the effects of the gut microbiome on lymphocyte polarisation and trafficking, tailoring of resident immune cells in the liver, and output of circulating immune cells from the bone marrow. Finally, we explore contexts in which this new understanding of long-range effects of the gut microbiome can have implications, including cancer therapies and vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Grainger
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
- Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Rufus Daw
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
- Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Kelly Wemyss
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
- Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
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35
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Martínez A, Bono C, Megías J, Yáñez A, Gozalbo D, Gil ML. Systemic Candidiasis and TLR2 Agonist Exposure Impact the Antifungal Response of Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2018; 8:309. [PMID: 30234030 PMCID: PMC6130230 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2018.00309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously demonstrated that Candida albicans induces differentiation of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) toward the myeloid lineage both in vitro and in vivo in a TLR2- and Dectin-1-dependent manner, giving rise to functional macrophages. In this work, we used an ex vivo model to investigate the functional consequences for macrophages derived from HSPCs in vivo-exposed to Pam3CSK4 (a TLR2 agonist) or C. albicans infection. Short in vivo treatment of mice with Pam3CSK4 results in a tolerized phenotype of ex vivo HSPC-derived macrophages, whereas an extended Pam3CSK4 treatment confers a trained phenotype. Early during candidiasis, HSPCs give rise to macrophages trained in their response to Pam3CSK4 and with an increased fungicidal activity; however, as the infection progresses to higher fungal burden, HSPC-derived macrophages become tolerized, while their fungicidal capacity is maintained. These results demonstrate that memory-like innate immune responses, already described for monocytes and macrophages, also take place in HSPCs. Interestingly, extended Pam3CSK4 treatment leads to an expansion of spleen HSPCs and myeloid cells, and drastically reduces the fungal burden in the kidney and spleen during systemic C. albicans infection. This protection against tissue invasion is abrogated by immunodepletion of HSPCs, suggesting their protective role against infection in this model. In addition, HSPCs produce in vitro cytokines and chemokines in response to C. albicans and Pam3CSK4, and these secretomes are capable of inducing myeloid differentiation of HSPCs and modulating peritoneal macrophage cytokine responses. Taken together, these data assign an active role for HSPCs in sensing pathogens during infection and in contributing to host protection by diverse mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Martínez
- Departamento de Microbiología y Ecología, Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain.,Estructura de Recerca Interdisciplinar en Biotecnologia i Biomedicina, Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain
| | - Cristina Bono
- Departamento de Microbiología y Ecología, Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain.,Estructura de Recerca Interdisciplinar en Biotecnologia i Biomedicina, Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain
| | - Javier Megías
- Departamento de Patología, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Alberto Yáñez
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Daniel Gozalbo
- Departamento de Microbiología y Ecología, Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain.,Estructura de Recerca Interdisciplinar en Biotecnologia i Biomedicina, Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain
| | - M Luisa Gil
- Departamento de Microbiología y Ecología, Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain.,Estructura de Recerca Interdisciplinar en Biotecnologia i Biomedicina, Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain
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36
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Chronic immune response dysregulation in MDS pathogenesis. Blood 2018; 132:1553-1560. [PMID: 30104218 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2018-03-784116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic innate immune signaling in hematopoietic cells is widely described in myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), and innate immune pathway activation, predominantly via pattern recognition receptors, increases the risk of developing MDS. An inflammatory component to MDS has been reported for many years, but only recently has evidence supported a more direct role of chronic innate immune signaling and associated inflammatory pathways in the pathogenesis of MDS. Here we review recent findings and discuss relevant questions related to chronic immune response dysregulation in MDS.
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37
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Piras F, Riba M, Petrillo C, Lazarevic D, Cuccovillo I, Bartolaccini S, Stupka E, Gentner B, Cittaro D, Naldini L, Kajaste-Rudnitski A. Lentiviral vectors escape innate sensing but trigger p53 in human hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. EMBO Mol Med 2018; 9:1198-1211. [PMID: 28667090 PMCID: PMC5582409 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201707922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Clinical application of lentiviral vector (LV)-based hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPC) gene therapy is rapidly becoming a reality. Nevertheless, LV-mediated signaling and its potential functional consequences on HSPC biology remain poorly understood. We unravel here a remarkably limited impact of LV on the HSPC transcriptional landscape. LV escaped innate immune sensing that instead led to robust IFN responses upon transduction with a gamma-retroviral vector. However, reverse-transcribed LV DNA did trigger p53 signaling, activated also by non-integrating Adeno-associated vector, ultimately leading to lower cell recovery ex vivo and engraftment in vivo These effects were more pronounced in the short-term repopulating cells while long-term HSC frequencies remained unaffected. Blocking LV-induced signaling partially rescued both apoptosis and engraftment, highlighting a novel strategy to further dampen the impact of ex vivo gene transfer on HSPC. Overall, our results shed light on viral vector sensing in HSPC and provide critical insight for the development of more stealth gene therapy strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Piras
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Michela Riba
- Center for Translational Genomics and Bioinformatics, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Carolina Petrillo
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Dejan Lazarevic
- Center for Translational Genomics and Bioinformatics, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Ivan Cuccovillo
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Bartolaccini
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Elia Stupka
- Center for Translational Genomics and Bioinformatics, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Bernhard Gentner
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Davide Cittaro
- Center for Translational Genomics and Bioinformatics, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Luigi Naldini
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Kajaste-Rudnitski
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
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38
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Alvarez R, Oliver L, Valdes A, Mesa C. Cancer-induced systemic myeloid dysfunction: Implications for treatment and a novel nanoparticle approach for its correction. Semin Oncol 2018; 45:84-94. [PMID: 30318088 DOI: 10.1053/j.seminoncol.2018.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Unlike other regulatory circuits, cancer-induced myeloid dysfunction involves more than an accumulation of impaired dendritic cells, protumoral macrophages, and myeloid derived suppressor cells in the tumor microenvironment. It is also characterized by "aberrant" myelopoiesis that results in the accumulation and expansion of immature myeloid precursors with a suppressive phenotype in the systemic circulation. The first part of this review briefly describes the evidence for and consequences of this systemic dysfunctional myelopoiesis and the possible reinforcement of this phenomenon by conventional treatments used in patients with cancer, in particular chemotherapy and granulocyte-colony stimulating factor. The second half of this review describes very small size particles, a novel immune-modulatory nanoparticle, and the evidence indicating a possible role of this agent in correcting or re-programming the dysfunctional myelopoiesis in different scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rydell Alvarez
- Immunobiology Division, Institute of Molecular Immunology, Center of Molecular Immunology (CIM), Havana, Cuba
| | - Liliana Oliver
- Immunobiology Division, Institute of Molecular Immunology, Center of Molecular Immunology (CIM), Havana, Cuba
| | - Anet Valdes
- Immunobiology Division, Institute of Molecular Immunology, Center of Molecular Immunology (CIM), Havana, Cuba
| | - Circe Mesa
- Immunobiology Division, Institute of Molecular Immunology, Center of Molecular Immunology (CIM), Havana, Cuba.
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39
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Poulin LF, Lasseaux C, Chamaillard M. Understanding the Cellular Origin of the Mononuclear Phagocyte System Sheds Light on the Myeloid Postulate of Immune Paralysis in Sepsis. Front Immunol 2018; 9:823. [PMID: 29740436 PMCID: PMC5928298 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis, in essence, is a serious clinical condition that can subsequently result in death as a consequence of a systemic inflammatory response syndrome including febrile leukopenia, hypotension, and multiple organ failures. To date, such life-threatening organ dysfunction remains one of the leading causes of death in intensive care units, with an increasing incidence rate worldwide and particularly within the rapidly growing senior population. While most of the clinical trials are aimed at dampening the overwhelming immune response to infection that spreads through the bloodstream, based on several human immunological investigations, it is now widely accepted that susceptibility to nosocomial infections and long-term sepsis mortality involves an immunosuppressive phase that is characterized by a decrease in some subsets of dendritic cells (DCs). Only recently substantial advances have been made in terms of the origin of the mononuclear phagocyte system that is now likely to allow for a better understanding of how the paralysis of DCs leads to sepsis-related death. Indeed, the unifying view of each subset of DCs has already improved our understanding of the pivotal pathways that contribute to the shift in commitment of their progenitors that originate from the bone marrow. It is quite plausible that this anomaly in sepsis may occur at the single level of DC-committed precursors, and elucidating the immunological basis for such a derangement during the ontogeny of each subset of DCs is now of particular importance for restoring an adequate cell fate decision to their vulnerable progenitors. Last but not least, it provides a direct perspective on the development of sophisticated myelopoiesis-based strategies that are currently being considered for the treatment of immunosenescence within different tissue microenvironments, such as the kidney and the spleen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lionel Franz Poulin
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 8204 - CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Corentin Lasseaux
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 8204 - CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Mathias Chamaillard
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 8204 - CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France
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40
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Bone marrow lympho-myeloid malfunction in obesity requires precursor cell-autonomous TLR4. Nat Commun 2018; 9:708. [PMID: 29453396 PMCID: PMC5816016 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-03145-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity, a prevalent condition in adults and children, impairs bone marrow (BM) function. However, the underlying mechanisms are unclear. Here, we show that obese mice exhibit poor emergency immune responses in a toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-dependent manner. Canonical myeloid genes (Csf1r, Spi1, Runx1) are enhanced, and lymphoid genes (Flt3, Tcf3, Ebf1) are reduced. Using adoptive transfer and mixed BM chimera approaches we demonstrate that myeloid>lymphoid bias arises after 6 weeks of high-fat diet and depends on precursor cell-autonomous TLR4. Further, lean mice exposed to the TLR4 ligand lipopolysaccharide (LPS) at doses similar to that detectable in obese serum recapitulates BM lympho-myeloid alterations. Together, these results establish a mechanistic contribution of BM cell-intrinsic TLR4 to obesity-driven BM malfunction and demonstrate the importance of LPS. Our findings raises important questions about the impact of maternal obesity and endotoxemia to fetal hematopoiesis, as fetal immune precursors are also sensitive to TLR4 signals. Obesity can affect bone marrow cell differentiation and the generation of myeloid and lymphoid cells. Here, the authors show that diet and obesity, as well as low-dose lipopolysaccharide, can alter Toll-like receptor 4 signaling bone marrow cells to skew the myeloid-lymphoid homeostasis in mice.
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41
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Villamón E, González-Fernández J, Such E, Cervera JV, Gozalbo D, Luisa Gil M. Imiquimod inhibits growth and induces differentiation of myeloid leukemia cell lines. Cancer Cell Int 2018; 18:15. [PMID: 29422777 PMCID: PMC5791367 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-018-0515-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The antitumoral effects of different Toll-like receptor (TLRs) agonists is mediated by activating immune responses to suppress tumors growth, although TLR ligands may also have a direct effect on tumoral cells. Given that TLR signaling induces hematopoietic cell differentiations this may serve as a novel differentiation therapeutic approach for AML. Methods We investigated the effects of agonists for the ten human TLRs on the proliferation, apoptosis, cell cycle and differentiation of ten different types of myeloid leukemia cell lines (HL-60, U-937, KG-1, KG-1a, K-562, Kasumi-1, EOL-1, NB4, MOLM-13 and HEL). Proliferation was measured using the CellTiter 96® Aqueous One Solution Cell Proliferation Assay (Promega). Staining and analysis with a flow cytometer was used to identify cell cycle progression and apoptosis. Differentiation was measured by staining cells with the EuroFlow™ antibody panel for AML and analyzed by flow cytometry. FlowJo software was used to analyze the cytometric data. In all experiments, statistical significance was determined by a two-tailed t test. Results The activation of particular TLRs on some cell lines can induce growth inhibition and Imiquimod (a TLR 7 agonist) was the most effective agonist in all leukemic cell lines examined. Imiquimod was able to induce apoptosis, as well as to induce cell cycle alteration and upregulation of myeloid differentiation markers on some of the cell lines tested. Conclusions Our results, together with the known efficacy of Imiquimod against many tumor entities, suggest that Imiquimod can be a potential alternative therapy to AML. This drug has a direct cytotoxic effect on leukemic cells, has the potential to induce differentiation, and can also stimulate the activation of cellular immune responses anti-AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Villamón
- 1Department of Hematology, University Hospital La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Esperanza Such
- 1Department of Hematology, University Hospital La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Daniel Gozalbo
- 2Departamento de Microbiología y Ecología, Universitat de València, Burjasot, Spain.,3Estructura de Recerca Interdisciplinar en Biotecnologia i Biomedicina (ERI BIOTECMED), Universitat de València, Burjasot, Spain
| | - M Luisa Gil
- 2Departamento de Microbiología y Ecología, Universitat de València, Burjasot, Spain.,3Estructura de Recerca Interdisciplinar en Biotecnologia i Biomedicina (ERI BIOTECMED), Universitat de València, Burjasot, Spain
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42
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Agonistic targeting of TLR1/TLR2 induces p38 MAPK-dependent apoptosis and NFκB-dependent differentiation of AML cells. Blood Adv 2017; 1:2046-2057. [PMID: 29296851 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2017006148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is associated with poor survival, and there is a strong need to identify disease vulnerabilities that might reveal new treatment opportunities. Here, we found that Toll-like receptor 1 (TLR1) and TLR2 are upregulated on primary AML CD34+CD38- cells relative to corresponding normal bone marrow cells. Activating the TLR1/TLR2 complex by the agonist Pam3CSK4 in MLL-AF9-driven human AML resulted in induction of apoptosis by p38 MAPK-dependent activation of Caspase 3 and myeloid differentiation in a NFκB-dependent manner. By using murine Trp53-/-MLL-AF9 AML cells, we demonstrate that p53 is dispensable for Pam3CSK4-induced apoptosis and differentiation. Moreover, murine AML1-ETO9a-driven AML cells also were forced into apoptosis and differentiation on TLR1/TLR2 activation, demonstrating that the antileukemic effects observed were not confined to MLL-rearranged AML. We further evaluated whether Pam3CSK4 would exhibit selective antileukemic effects. Ex vivo Pam3CSK4 treatment inhibited murine and human leukemia-initiating cells, whereas murine normal hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) were relatively less affected. Consistent with these findings, primary human AML cells across several genetic subtypes of AML were more vulnerable for TLR1/TLR2 activation relative to normal human HSPCs. In the MLL-AF9 AML mouse model, treatment with Pam3CSK4 provided proof of concept for in vivo therapeutic efficacy. Our results demonstrate that TLR1 and TLR2 are upregulated on primitive AML cells and that agonistic targeting of TLR1/TLR2 forces AML cells into apoptosis by p38 MAPK-dependent activation of Caspase 3, and differentiation by activating NFκB, thus revealing a new putative strategy for therapeutically targeting AML cells.
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43
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Proinflammatory Signals as Fuel for the Fire of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Emergence. Trends Cell Biol 2017; 28:58-66. [PMID: 28882414 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2017.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Revised: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) have the extraordinary ability to both self-renew and generate all mature blood cell lineages. The ability to produce or expand patient-derived HSCs in vitro would greatly improve the outcome for patients with blood disorders that are currently treated with allogeneic HSC transplantation. Many laboratories have been working to identify the signals required for HSC emergence in their native environments to apply this knowledge in vitro. Recently, several signals traditionally known to underlie classical inflammation have emerged as essential regulators of HSC development. In this review we synthesize the findings that have established inflammatory cues as key regulators of HSC development.
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44
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Jose SS, Bendickova K, Kepak T, Krenova Z, Fric J. Chronic Inflammation in Immune Aging: Role of Pattern Recognition Receptor Crosstalk with the Telomere Complex? Front Immunol 2017; 8:1078. [PMID: 28928745 PMCID: PMC5591428 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related decline in immunity is characterized by stem cell exhaustion, telomere shortening, and disruption of cell-to-cell communication, leading to increased patient risk of disease. Recent data have demonstrated that chronic inflammation exerts a strong influence on immune aging and is closely correlated with telomere length in a range of major pathologies. The current review discusses the impact of inflammation on immune aging, the likely molecular mediators of this process, and the various disease states that have been linked with immunosenescence. Emerging findings implicate NF-κB, the major driver of inflammatory signaling, in several processes that regulate telomere maintenance and/or telomerase activity. While prolonged triggering of pattern recognition receptors is now known to promote immunosenescence, it remains unclear how this process is linked with the telomere complex or telomerase activity. Indeed, enzymatic control of telomere length has been studied for many decades, but alternative roles of telomerase and potential influences on inflammatory responses are only now beginning to emerge. Crosstalk between these pathways may prove to be a key molecular mechanism of immunosenescence. Understanding how components of immune aging interact and modify host protection against pathogens and tumors will be essential for the design of new vaccines and therapies for a wide range of clinical scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shyam Sushama Jose
- Cellular and Molecular Immunoregulation Group (CMI), Center for Translational Medicine (CTM), International Clinical Research Center (ICRC), St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czechia.,Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Czechia
| | - Kamila Bendickova
- Cellular and Molecular Immunoregulation Group (CMI), Center for Translational Medicine (CTM), International Clinical Research Center (ICRC), St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czechia
| | - Tomas Kepak
- Pediatric Oncology Translational Research (POTR), International Clinical Research Center (ICRC), St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czechia.,Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czechia
| | - Zdenka Krenova
- Pediatric Oncology Translational Research (POTR), International Clinical Research Center (ICRC), St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czechia.,Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czechia
| | - Jan Fric
- Cellular and Molecular Immunoregulation Group (CMI), Center for Translational Medicine (CTM), International Clinical Research Center (ICRC), St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czechia
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Falahee PC, Anderson LS, Reynolds MB, Pirir M, McLaughlin BE, Dillen CA, Cheung AL, Miller LS, Simon SI. α-Toxin Regulates Local Granulocyte Expansion from Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells in Staphylococcus aureus-Infected Wounds. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 199:1772-1782. [PMID: 28733486 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1700649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The immune response to Staphylococcus aureus infection in skin involves the recruitment of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) from the bone marrow via the circulation and local granulopoiesis from hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) that also traffic to infected skin wounds. We focus on regulation of PMN number and function and the role of pore-forming α-toxin (AT), a virulence factor that causes host cell lysis and elicits inflammasome-mediated IL-1β secretion in wounds. Infection with wild-type S. aureus enriched in AT reduced PMN recruitment and resulted in sustained bacterial burden and delayed wound healing. In contrast, PMN recruitment to wounds infected with an isogenic AT-deficient S. aureus strain was unimpeded, exhibiting efficient bacterial clearance and hastened wound resolution. HSPCs recruited to infected wounds were unaffected by AT production and were activated to expand PMN numbers in proportion to S. aureus abundance in a manner regulated by TLR2 and IL-1R signaling. Immunodeficient MyD88-knockout mice infected with S. aureus experienced lethal sepsis that was reversed by PMN expansion mediated by injection of wild-type HSPCs directly into wounds. We conclude that AT-induced IL-1β promotes local granulopoiesis and effective resolution of S. aureus-infected wounds, revealing a potential antibiotic-free strategy for tuning the innate immune response to treat methicillin-resistant S. aureus infection in immunodeficient patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick C Falahee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Leif S Anderson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Mack B Reynolds
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Mauricio Pirir
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Bridget E McLaughlin
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Flow Cytometry Shared Resource, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Carly A Dillen
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231; and
| | - Ambrose L Cheung
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755
| | - Lloyd S Miller
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231; and
| | - Scott I Simon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616;
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Regulation of Inflammation- and Infection-Driven Hematopoiesis. Trends Immunol 2017; 38:345-357. [DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2017.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Revised: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Leung KT, Lam HS, Chan KYY, Sit T, Wong RPO, Yu JWS, Li K, Ng PC. Regulation of Circulating Hematopoietic Stem/Progenitor Cells in Preterm Infants with Septicemia. Stem Cells Dev 2016; 25:1780-1787. [PMID: 27596606 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2016.0179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Preterm infants are at high risk of developing severe sepsis. Circulating hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs; CD45+CD34+) have been suggested to play a vital role in the host immunological defense against invading pathogens. The objectives were to investigate the regulation of circulating HSPCs in preterm infants during infection episodes, and to assess the relationship of CD45+CD34+ cells with immunological mediators and differential leukocyte populations. First, we conducted a cross-sectional case-control study comparing these parameters among infected infants (n = 23), gestational and postnatal age-matched noninfected infants (n = 46), and "healthy" control (CTL) infants (n = 12). Second, we investigated the longitudinal change of CD45+CD34+ cell concentrations in infected infants before, during, and after an infection episode, and compared them with the other two groups. Our cross-sectional results showed that CD45+CD34+ cell count and percentage were significantly reduced in infected infants during systemic infection, compared with the noninfected or CTL infants. There were significant positive correlation between levels of CD45+CD34+ cells and lymphocytes or monocytes, and significant negative correlation between CD45+CD34+ cells and neutrophils or interleukin (IL)-6 in infected infants. Longitudinal analysis showed that changes of CD45+CD34+ cells at the onset of sepsis relative to levels 1 week prior and 1 week postsepsis in infected infants were significantly different from those changes in the corresponding time points for the other two groups. Our findings suggested that circulating HSPCs were dynamically regulated during septicemia and could play an important role in the defense mechanism, plausibly contributing to replenishment of leukocytes during sepsis in preterm infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kam Tong Leung
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin, NT, Hong Kong
| | - Hugh Simon Lam
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin, NT, Hong Kong
| | - Kathy Yuen Yee Chan
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin, NT, Hong Kong
| | - Tony Sit
- 2 Department of Statistics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin, NT, Hong Kong
| | - Raymond Pui On Wong
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin, NT, Hong Kong
| | - Jasmine Wai Sum Yu
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin, NT, Hong Kong
| | - Karen Li
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin, NT, Hong Kong
| | - Pak Cheung Ng
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin, NT, Hong Kong
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Monlish DA, Bhatt ST, Schuettpelz LG. The Role of Toll-Like Receptors in Hematopoietic Malignancies. Front Immunol 2016; 7:390. [PMID: 27733853 PMCID: PMC5039188 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a family of pattern recognition receptors that shape the innate immune system by identifying pathogen-associated molecular patterns and host-derived damage-associated molecular patterns. TLRs are widely expressed on both immune cells and non-immune cells, including hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells, effector immune cell populations, and endothelial cells. In addition to their well-known role in the innate immune response to acute infection or injury, accumulating evidence supports a role for TLRs in the development of hematopoietic and other malignancies. Several hematopoietic disorders, including lymphoproliferative disorders and myelodysplastic syndromes, which possess a high risk of transformation to leukemia, have been linked to aberrant TLR signaling. Furthermore, activation of TLRs leads to the induction of a number of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, which can promote tumorigenesis by driving cell proliferation and migration and providing a favorable microenvironment for tumor cells. Beyond hematopoietic malignancies, the upregulation of a number of TLRs has been linked to promoting tumor cell survival, proliferation, and metastasis in a variety of cancers, including those of the colon, breast, and lung. This review focuses on the contribution of TLRs to hematopoietic malignancies, highlighting the known direct and indirect effects of TLR signaling on tumor cells and their microenvironment. In addition, the utility of TLR agonists and antagonists as potential therapeutics in the treatment of hematopoietic malignancies is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darlene A Monlish
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis, MO , USA
| | - Sima T Bhatt
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis, MO , USA
| | - Laura G Schuettpelz
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis, MO , USA
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Pascutti MF, Erkelens MN, Nolte MA. Impact of Viral Infections on Hematopoiesis: From Beneficial to Detrimental Effects on Bone Marrow Output. Front Immunol 2016; 7:364. [PMID: 27695457 PMCID: PMC5025449 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability of the bone marrow (BM) to generate copious amounts of blood cells required on a daily basis depends on a highly orchestrated process of proliferation and differentiation of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs). This process can be rapidly adapted under stress conditions, such as infections, to meet the specific cellular needs of the immune response and the ensuing physiological changes. This requires a tight regulation in order to prevent either hematopoietic failure or transformation. Although adaptation to bacterial infections or systemic inflammation has been studied and reviewed in depth, specific alterations of hematopoiesis to viral infections have received less attention so far. Viruses constantly pose a significant health risk and demand an adequate, balanced response from our immune system, which also affects the BM. In fact, both the virus itself and the ensuing immune response can have a tremendous impact on the hematopoietic process. On one hand, this can be beneficial: it helps to boost the cellular response of the body to resolve the viral infection. But on the other hand, when the virus and the resulting antiviral response persist, the inflammatory feedback to the hematopoietic system will become chronic, which can be detrimental for a balanced BM output. Chronic viral infections frequently have clinical manifestations at the level of blood cell formation, and we summarize which viruses can lead to BM pathologies, like aplastic anemia, pancytopenia, hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, lymphoproliferative disorders, and malignancies. Regarding the underlying mechanisms, we address specific effects of acute and chronic viral infections on blood cell production. As such, we distinguish four different levels in which this can occur: (1) direct viral infection of HSPCs, (2) viral recognition by HSPCs, (3) indirect effects on HSPCs by inflammatory mediators, and (4) the role of the BM microenvironment on hematopoiesis upon virus infection. In conclusion, this review provides a comprehensive overview on how viral infections can affect the formation of new blood cells, aiming to advance our understanding of the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms to improve the treatment of BM failure in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Fernanda Pascutti
- Landsteiner Laboratory, Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Martje N. Erkelens
- Landsteiner Laboratory, Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Martijn A. Nolte
- Landsteiner Laboratory, Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW During severe systemic infection, steady-state hematopoiesis is switched to demand-adapted myelopoiesis, leading to increased myeloid progenitor proliferation and, depending on the context and type of pathogen, enhanced granulocytic or monocytic differentiation, respectively. We will review the recent advances in understanding direct and indirect mechanisms by which different pathogen signals are detected and subsequently translated into demand-adapted myelopoiesis. RECENT FINDINGS Enhanced myeloid progenitor proliferation and neutrophil differentiation following infection with prototypic Gram-negative bacterium Escherichia coli is mediated by granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, and reactive oxygen species released from endothelial cells and mature myeloid cells, respectively. Furthermore, hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells directly sense pathogen signals via Toll-like receptors and contribute to emergency granulopoiesis via release and subsequent autocrine and paracrine action of myelopoietic cytokines including IL-6. Moreover, emergency monocytopoiesis upon viral infection depends on T cell-derived IFNγ and release of IL-6 from bone marrow stromal cells. SUMMARY A complex picture is evolving in which various hematopoietic and nonhematopoietic cell types interact with the hematopoietic system in an intricate manner to shape an appropriate hematopoietic response to specific infectious stimuli.
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