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Poveda-Garavito N, Combita AL. Contribution of the TIME in BCP-ALL: the basis for novel approaches therapeutics. Front Immunol 2024; 14:1325255. [PMID: 38299154 PMCID: PMC10827891 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1325255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The bone marrow (BM) niche is a microenvironment where both immune and non-immune cells functionally interact with hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) and more differentiated progenitors, contributing to the regulation of hematopoiesis. It is regulated by various signaling molecules such as cytokines, chemokines, and adhesion molecules in its microenvironment. However, despite the strict regulation of BM signals to maintain their steady state, accumulating evidence in B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (BCP-ALL) indicates that leukemic cells can disrupt the physiological hematopoietic niche in the BM, creating a new leukemia-supportive microenvironment. This environment favors immunological evasion mechanisms and the interaction of these cells with the development and progression of BCP-ALL. With a growing understanding of the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) in the development and progression of BCP-ALL, current strategies focused on "re-editing" TIME to promote antitumor immunity have been developed. In this review, we summarize how TIME cells are disrupted by the presence of leukemic cells, evading immunosurveillance mechanisms in the BCP-ALL model. We also explore the crosstalk between TIME and leukemic cells that leads to treatment resistance, along with the most promising immuno-therapy strategies. Understanding and further research into the role of the BM microenvironment in leukemia progression and relapse are crucial for developing more effective treatments and reducing patient mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaly Poveda-Garavito
- Grupo de Investigación en Biología del Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INC), Bogotá, Colombia
- Grupo de Investigación Traslacional en Oncología, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INC), Bogotá, Colombia
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Alba Lucía Combita
- Grupo de Investigación en Biología del Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INC), Bogotá, Colombia
- Grupo de Investigación Traslacional en Oncología, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INC), Bogotá, Colombia
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
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Yang X, Zong C, Feng C, Zhang C, Smirnov A, Sun G, Shao C, Zhang L, Hou X, Liu W, Meng Y, Zhang L, Shao C, Wei L, Melino G, Shi Y. Hippo Pathway Activation in Aged Mesenchymal Stem Cells Contributes to the Dysregulation of Hepatic Inflammation in Aged Mice. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2023; 10:e2300424. [PMID: 37544916 PMCID: PMC10520691 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202300424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Aging is always accompanied by chronic diseases which probably attribute to long-term chronic inflammation in the aging body. Whereas, the mechanism of chronic inflammation in aging body is still obscure. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are capable of local chemotaxis to sites of inflammation and play a powerful role in immune regulation. Whether degeneration of MSCs in the aging body is associated with unbalanced inflammation is still not clear. In this study, immunosuppressive properties of aged MSCs are found to be repressed. The impaired immunosuppressive function of aged MSCs is associated with lower expression of the Hippo effector Yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1) and its target gene signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1). YAP1 regulates the transcription of STAT1 through binding with its promoter. In conclusion, a novel YAP1/STAT1 axis maintaining immunosuppressive function of MSCs is revealed and impairment of this signal pathway in aged MSCs probably resulted in higher inflammation in aged mice liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Yang
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversityInstitutes for Translational MedicineState Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and ProtectionKey Laboratory of Stem Cells and Medical Biomaterials of Jiangsu ProvinceMedical College of Soochow UniversitySoochow UniversitySuzhou215000China
- Department of Experimental MedicineTORUniversity of Rome Tor VergataRome00133Italy
- Department of Tumor Immunology and Gene Therapy CenterThird Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical UniversityShanghai200438China
- Department of immunology and metabolismNational Center for Liver CancerShanghai201805China
| | - Chen Zong
- Department of Tumor Immunology and Gene Therapy CenterThird Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical UniversityShanghai200438China
- Department of immunology and metabolismNational Center for Liver CancerShanghai201805China
| | - Chao Feng
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversityInstitutes for Translational MedicineState Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and ProtectionKey Laboratory of Stem Cells and Medical Biomaterials of Jiangsu ProvinceMedical College of Soochow UniversitySoochow UniversitySuzhou215000China
- Department of Experimental MedicineTORUniversity of Rome Tor VergataRome00133Italy
| | - Cangang Zhang
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and ImmunologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxi710061China
| | - Artem Smirnov
- Department of Experimental MedicineTORUniversity of Rome Tor VergataRome00133Italy
| | - Gangqi Sun
- Department of Clinical PharmacologyThe Second Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefei230601China
| | - Changchun Shao
- Department of OncologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefeiAnhui230022China
| | - Luyao Zhang
- Department of Clinical PharmacologyThe Second Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefei230601China
| | - Xiaojuan Hou
- Department of Tumor Immunology and Gene Therapy CenterThird Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical UniversityShanghai200438China
- Department of immunology and metabolismNational Center for Liver CancerShanghai201805China
| | - Wenting Liu
- Department of Tumor Immunology and Gene Therapy CenterThird Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical UniversityShanghai200438China
- Department of immunology and metabolismNational Center for Liver CancerShanghai201805China
| | - Yan Meng
- Department of Tumor Immunology and Gene Therapy CenterThird Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical UniversityShanghai200438China
- Department of immunology and metabolismNational Center for Liver CancerShanghai201805China
| | - Liying Zhang
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversityInstitutes for Translational MedicineState Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and ProtectionKey Laboratory of Stem Cells and Medical Biomaterials of Jiangsu ProvinceMedical College of Soochow UniversitySoochow UniversitySuzhou215000China
| | - Changshun Shao
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversityInstitutes for Translational MedicineState Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and ProtectionKey Laboratory of Stem Cells and Medical Biomaterials of Jiangsu ProvinceMedical College of Soochow UniversitySoochow UniversitySuzhou215000China
| | - Lixin Wei
- Department of Tumor Immunology and Gene Therapy CenterThird Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical UniversityShanghai200438China
- Department of immunology and metabolismNational Center for Liver CancerShanghai201805China
| | - Gerry Melino
- Department of Experimental MedicineTORUniversity of Rome Tor VergataRome00133Italy
| | - Yufang Shi
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversityInstitutes for Translational MedicineState Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and ProtectionKey Laboratory of Stem Cells and Medical Biomaterials of Jiangsu ProvinceMedical College of Soochow UniversitySoochow UniversitySuzhou215000China
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Asano A, Ri M, Masaki A, Maeda Y, Tachita T, Hirade K, Marumo Y, Nakashima T, Hagiwara S, Kinoshita S, Suzuki T, Narita T, Kusumoto S, Komatsu H, Inagaki H, Iida S. Aberrant tryptophan metabolism leads to unfavorable outcomes in lenalidomide-treated myeloma patients. Hematol Oncol 2023; 41:424-433. [PMID: 36426594 DOI: 10.1002/hon.3108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO), an enzyme that metabolizes tryptophan (Trp) to kynurenine (Kyn), is an important microenvironmental factor suppressing antitumor immunity. Here, we investigated the clinical impact of aberrant Trp metabolism in patients with multiple myeloma (MM) treated with lenalidomide (Len) and evaluated its effects on T cell immunity ex vivo. Kyn and Trp concentrations were quantified in sera from 72 patients with relapsed or refractory MM prior to the initiation of therapy with Len plus dexamethasone (Ld). Associations of the Kyn/Trp ratio with progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were analyzed. The expressions of IDO in tumor and stromal cells were evaluated during co-culture, and the effects of culture medium containing low Trp and high Kyn concentrations on T cells in the presence of Len were investigated. Patients with high serum Kyn/Trp ratios (≥46.0, n = 22) had significantly shorter PFS and OS than those with low ratios (4.9 vs. 12.6 months, and 15.5 vs. 45.7 months, respectively). MM cells promoted IDO expression in stromal cells during co-culture in both a direct contact and an indirect manner. Incubation in medium with a high Kyn/Trp ratio significantly inhibited T cell cytokine production and upregulated the expression of inhibitory immune receptors. These effects were sustained even in the presence of Len. In conclusion, a high serum Kyn/Trp ratio is associated with poor prognosis in patients with MM. We propose that aberrant Trp metabolism reduces anti-tumor immunity and the efficacy of Len therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arisa Asano
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Nagoya City University Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masaki Ri
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Nagoya City University Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Blood Transfusion and Cell Therapy, Nagoya City University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Ayako Masaki
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Nagoya City University Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Diagnostics, Nagoya City University Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Maeda
- Open Facility Center, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Takuto Tachita
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Nagoya City University Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hematology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Kentaro Hirade
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Nagoya City University Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Marumo
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Nagoya City University Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takahiro Nakashima
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Nagoya City University Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shinya Hagiwara
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Nagoya City University Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shiori Kinoshita
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Nagoya City University Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tomotaka Suzuki
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Nagoya City University Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tomoko Narita
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Nagoya City University Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shigeru Kusumoto
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Nagoya City University Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Komatsu
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Nagoya City University Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Inagaki
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Diagnostics, Nagoya City University Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Iida
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Nagoya City University Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
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Alemu J, Gumi B, Tsegaye A, Abubeker A, Tadesse F, Shewaye A, Rahimeto Z, Mihret A, Mulu A, Gebremedhin A, Howe R. Frequency of viral infections in adolescent and adult in-patient Ethiopians with acute leukemia at presentation to a tertiary care teaching hospital: a cross-sectional study. Infect Agent Cancer 2023; 18:44. [PMID: 37438754 DOI: 10.1186/s13027-023-00519-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leukemic patients are prone to infectious agents such as viruses due to dysregulated immune system resulting from infiltration of the bone marrow by malignant cells, chronic stimulation, reactivation of some viruses and viral pathogenicity as well as rarely from acquisition of a new infections leading to severe complications. However, the prevalence of these infections has not been systematically documented in resource-limited settings such as Ethiopia. OBJECTIVE To determine the prevalence of HBV, HCV, and HIV among adult and adolescent in-patients with acute leukemia before the administration of chemotherapy, at the Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital (TASH) in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. METHODS A cross sectional study was conducted on 176 adult and adolescent inpatient Ethiopians, who were diagnosed with acute leukemia from April 2019 to June 2021. Socio-demographic characteristics and relevant clinical data were collected. Peripheral blood samples were collected and tested for HBV, HIV, and HCV using Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) and real-time PCR. Chi-square tests were used to assess associations between variables. RESULTS Of the 176 patients, 109(62%) were males. The median age was 25[IQR,18-35] yr, with a range from 13 to 76 year. The prevalence of HBV (positivity for HBsAg plus HBV DNA), HCV and HIV was 21.6%, 1.7%, and 1.7%, respectively. HBsAg was positive in 19 cases (10.8%). Among 157 HBsAg negative patients, 52(33.1%) were positive for Anti-HBcAg; of these seropositive cases, 47.5% were positive for HBV DNA. Most DNA positive, HBsAg negative cases (79.0%) had DNA concentrations below 200 IU/ml indicating true occult HBV infection (OBI). Of the 176 cases, 122 had a history of blood transfusions, but no statistically significant association was found between HBV infection and blood product transfusion history (P = 0.963). CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of HBV, HIV and HCV in patients with acute leukemia was similar to the national prevalence level of these infections. Given the HBsAg positivity and the high prevalence of occult hepatitis B infection in our study, these patients may be at increased risk for chemotherapy related hepatitis flares. Hence, clinicians caring these patients are strongly advised to screen their patients for HBV and also for HIV and HCV infections routinely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jemal Alemu
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis, Ababa, Ethiopia.
- Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
- Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
| | - Balako Gumi
- Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Aster Tsegaye
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis, Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Abdulaziz Abubeker
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis, Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Fisihatsion Tadesse
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis, Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Abel Shewaye
- Department of Laboratory, ALERT Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | | | - Adane Mihret
- Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | | | - Amha Gebremedhin
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis, Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Rawleigh Howe
- Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Wang L, Sun L, Sun H, Xing Y, Zhou S, An G, Li J, Ren K, Sun J. GPR65 as a potential immune checkpoint regulates the immune microenvironment according to pan-cancer analysis. Heliyon 2023; 9:e13617. [PMID: 36852075 PMCID: PMC9957717 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been reported that inhibition of GPR65 may be effective for the treatment of certain cancers. Nevertheless, the role of GPR65 in various cancers remains unknown. We conducted an exhaustive pan-cancer analysis of GPR65 using multiple databases, including TCGA, GTEx, BioGPS, HPA, cBioPortal, and GeneCards. GPR65 was found to be differentially expressed in various cancers and linked to tumor mutational burden (TMB), microsatellite instability (MSI), and Ploidy, playing a key function in the tumor microenvironment (TME). It is closely linked to the development of Th17 cells as well as Th1 and Th2 cells in certain cancers. Our findings indicate that the expression of GPR65 is highly linked with clinical prognosis, mutations, and immune cell infiltration. It was revealed as an indicator of patient prognosis as well as a possible immunomodulatory role. As a possible new immunological checkpoint, GPR65 could be a target for tumor immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangliang Wang
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Jinzhong, China
| | - Lele Sun
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Jinzhong, China
| | - Hao Sun
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Jinzhong, China
| | - Yunhong Xing
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Jinzhong, China
| | - Shidong Zhou
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Jinzhong, China
| | - Guoshuai An
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Jinzhong, China
| | - Jian Li
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Jinzhong, China
| | - Kang Ren
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Jinzhong, China
| | - Junhong Sun
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Jinzhong, China
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Wang WJ, Xu TT, Bao J. N6-methyladenosine in hematological malignancies: a concise review. Curr Opin Hematol 2023; 30:4-13. [PMID: 36165537 DOI: 10.1097/MOH.0000000000000741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Hematological malignancies are a kind of systemic cancers mostly related to abnormal differentiation of blood stem cells. Because of the poor prognosis, chemotherapy resistance and common recurrence, new mechanisms and treatment therapies are looking forward to be discovered. RECENT FINDINGS Over the years, epigenetic abnormalities have been known to act a key part in occurrence and development of hematological tumors. In the internal modifications on long noncoding eukaryotic mRNA, there is a common type called N6-methyladenosine that can change the expression of target genes and participate in the translation, degradation and splicing of mRNA. M6A is related to a wealth of cancers, such as HNRNPA2B1's elevation in multiple myeloma, METTLE3's elevation in acute myeloid leukemia and lung cancer. Immune cells, playing a significant role in hematological cancers, can also be regulated by m6A. SUMMARY In the review, we summarized the recent progress on hematological malignancies associating with m6A and immune cells, which may offer a new road for the treatment of them.
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Sertbaş G, Ok E, Unver V. Effects of Creative Arts Intervention on Anxiety, Depression and Sleep Quality Among Bone Marrow Transplantation Patients During Protective Isolation. Cancer Nurs 2023; 46:E1-E10. [PMID: 35583995 DOI: 10.1097/NCC.0000000000001127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Protective isolation remains part of the standard of care for patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplant in many places of the world. The consequences of protective isolation include increased anxiety and depressive symptoms. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to determine the effects of creative interventions performed during the protective isolation period on anxiety, depression symptoms, and sleep quality of patients who underwent bone marrow transplantation (BMT). INTERVENTIONS/METHODS This study was a randomized, controlled, pre-post pilot design. A total of 20 patients made up the sample group. Participants were randomly assigned to the experimental (n = 9) or control group (n = 11). Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale was applied to patients on the first day of admission to the unit and on the day of discharge. Questions prepared by researchers on sleep quantity and quality were administered every day during the patients' hospitalization. The patients in the experimental group carried out creative arts intervention for a total of 60 minutes a day, 3 to 4 days a week, while they were in the unit. RESULTS There was no difference in depression, anxiety, and sleep quality scores between the groups after intervention. However, depression and anxiety scores significantly decreased after the intervention in the experimental group, and sleep quality scores improved significantly. CONCLUSION Creative arts intervention may be beneficial for anxiety, depression, and sleep problems among patients undergoing BMT. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Creative arts intervention is effective in coping with anxiety, depression, and sleep problems that patients may experience due to social isolation during the BMT process.
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Wang X, Dai J, Xia J, Ye Z, Huang X, Cao W, Xiao R, He L. Pomalidomide enhances the maturation of dendritic cells derived from healthy donors and multiple myeloma patients. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1076096. [PMID: 36545316 PMCID: PMC9760666 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1076096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To explore the effect of pomalidomide on the maturation of monocyte-derived dendritic cells (moDCs) from healthy donors (HDs) and multiple myeloma (MM) patients. Methods: MoDCs were generated by the incubation of monocytes from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) for 7 days in a medium consisting of 800 U/ml granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), 500 U/ml interleukin-4 (IL-4), RPMI 1,640 medium, 5% human serum, 100 U/ml penicillin and 0.1 mg/ml streptomycin. Meanwhile, the incubation system was administrated with 10 µM pomalidomide or 1 × PBS as the control group. On the eighth day, cells were harvested and analyzed by flow cytometry. The CD80+CD86+ cell population in total cells was gated as moDCs in the FACS analyzing system. After that, the expression of CD40 and HLA-DR on moDCs was analyzed. Meanwhile, the supernatant from the incubation system was evaluated for the secretion of cytokines interleukin-12 (IL-12), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and macrophage inflammatory protein 1α (MIP-1α) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results: When analyzing all the HD-moDCs together (n = 15), pomalidomide significantly increased the mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) of CD40 expression and HLA-DR expression on moDCs compared with the control group (p = 0.003, p = 0.040). Meanwhile, the proportion of CD40+ moDCs and HLA-DR+ moDCs in total moDCs was significantly higher in the pomalidomide group than in the control group (p = 0.008, p = 0.032). When analyzing all MM patient-moDCs together (n = 11), pomalidomide significantly increased the MFI of CD40 expression and HLA-DR expression on moDCs compared with the control group (p = 0.047, p = 0.006). Meanwhile, the proportion of HLA-DR+ moDCs in total DCs was significantly higher in the pomalidomide group than in the control group (p < 0.001). Moreover, HD-moDCs (n = 8) treated with pomalidomide secreted 192% IL-12, 110% TNF-α, and 112% MIP-1α of the untreated moDCs (p = 0.020, p = 0.006, p = 0.055). However, when analyzing MM patient-moDCs (n = 10) together, the secretion of IL-12, TNF-α and MIP-1α from moDCs showed no significant difference between the pomalidomide group and the control group (p = 0.458, p = 0.377, p = 0.248). Conclusion: In vitro, 10 µM pomalidomide enhances the maturation of moDCs derived from both HDs and MM patients. Pomalidomide shows potential to be applied as a DC adjuvant for DC-based immunotherapy, such as the DC vaccine and DC cell therapy in MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Wang
- Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Jingying Dai
- Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Jingyi Xia
- Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Zichen Ye
- Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaobing Huang
- Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Wanjun Cao
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanchong Central Hospital, Nanchong, China
| | - Rong Xiao
- Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China,*Correspondence: Rong Xiao, ; Lin He,
| | - Lin He
- Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China,*Correspondence: Rong Xiao, ; Lin He,
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Pernot S, Evrard S, Khatib AM. The Give-and-Take Interaction Between the Tumor Microenvironment and Immune Cells Regulating Tumor Progression and Repression. Front Immunol 2022; 13:850856. [PMID: 35493456 PMCID: PMC9043524 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.850856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A fundamental concern of the majority of cancer scientists is related to the identification of mechanisms involved in the evolution of neoplastic cells at the cellular and molecular level and how these processes are able to control cancer cells appearance and death. In addition to the genome contribution, such mechanisms involve reciprocal interactions between tumor cells and stromal cells within the tumor microenvironment (TME). Indeed, tumor cells survival and growth rely on dynamic properties controlling pro and anti-tumorigenic processes. The anti-tumorigenic function of the TME is mainly regulated by immune cells such as dendritic cells, natural killer cells, cytotoxic T cells and macrophages and normal fibroblasts. The pro-tumorigenic function is also mediated by other immune cells such as myeloid-derived suppressor cells, M2-tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and regulatory T (Treg) cells, as well as carcinoma-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), adipocytes (CAA) and endothelial cells. Several of these cells can show both, pro- and antitumorigenic activity. Here we highlight the importance of the reciprocal interactions between tumor cells and stromal cells in the self-centered behavior of cancer cells and how these complex cellular interactions control tumor progression and repression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Pernot
- Reprograming Tumor Activity and Associated Microenvironment (RYTME), Bordeaux Institute of Oncology (BRIC)-Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1312 Inserm, Pessac, France
| | | | - Abdel-Majid Khatib
- Reprograming Tumor Activity and Associated Microenvironment (RYTME), Bordeaux Institute of Oncology (BRIC)-Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1312 Inserm, Pessac, France.,Institut Bergonié, Bordeaux, France
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Li C, You X, Xu X, Wu B, Liu Y, Tong T, Chen J, Li Y, Dai C, Ye Z, Tian X, Wei Y, Hao Z, Jiang L, Wu J, Zhao M. A Metabolic Reprogramming Amino Acid Polymer as an Immunosurveillance Activator and Leukemia Targeting Drug Carrier for T-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2022; 9:e2104134. [PMID: 35080145 PMCID: PMC8948613 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202104134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Compromised immunosurveillance leads to chemotherapy resistance and disease relapse of hematological malignancies. Amino acid metabolism regulates immune responses and cancer; however, a druggable amino acid metabolite to enhance antitumor immunosurveillance and improve leukemia targeting-therapy efficacy remains unexplored. Here, an L-phenylalanine polymer, Metabolic Reprogramming Immunosurveillance Activation Nanomedicine (MRIAN), is invented to effectively target bone marrow (BM) and activate the immune surveillance in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) by inhibiting myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) in T-ALL murine model. Stable-isotope tracer and in vivo drug distribution experiments show that T-ALL cells and MDSCs have enhanced cellular uptake of L-phenylalanine and MRIANs than normal hematopoietic cells and progenitors. Therefore, MRIAN assembled Doxorubicin (MRIAN-Dox) specifically targets T-ALL cells and MDSCs but spare normal hematopoietic cells and hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells with enhanced leukemic elimination efficiency. Consequently, MRIAN-Dox has reduced cardiotoxicity and myeloablation side effects in treating T-ALL mice. Mechanistically, MRIAN degrades into L-phenylalanine, which inhibits PKM2 activity and reduces ROS levels in MDSCs to disturb their immunosuppressive function and increase their differentiation toward normal myeloid cells. Overall, a novel amino acid metabolite nanomedicine is invented to treat T-ALL through the combination of leukemic cell targeting and immunosurveillance stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changzheng Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat‐Sen Memorial HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering (Ministry of Education)Zhongshan School of MedicineSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Xinru You
- School of Biomedical EngineeringSun Yat‐sen UniversityShenzhenGuangdongChina
| | - Xi Xu
- Department of HematologyNanfang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Binghuo Wu
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering (Ministry of Education)Zhongshan School of MedicineSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Yuye Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat‐Sen Memorial HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Tong Tong
- School of Biomedical EngineeringSun Yat‐sen UniversityShenzhenGuangdongChina
| | - Jie Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat‐Sen Memorial HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Yishan Li
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering (Ministry of Education)Zhongshan School of MedicineSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Chunlei Dai
- School of Biomedical EngineeringSun Yat‐sen UniversityShenzhenGuangdongChina
| | - Zhitao Ye
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering (Ministry of Education)Zhongshan School of MedicineSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Xiaobin Tian
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering (Ministry of Education)Zhongshan School of MedicineSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Yan Wei
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering (Ministry of Education)Zhongshan School of MedicineSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Zechen Hao
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering (Ministry of Education)Zhongshan School of MedicineSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Linjia Jiang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat‐Sen Memorial HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Jun Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat‐Sen Memorial HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
- School of Biomedical EngineeringSun Yat‐sen UniversityShenzhenGuangdongChina
| | - Meng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering (Ministry of Education)Zhongshan School of MedicineSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
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11
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Abstract
Dendritic cell (DC) vaccines induce specific immune responses that can selectively eliminate target cells. In recent years, many studies have been conducted to explore DC vaccination in the treatment of hematological malignancies, including acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplastic syndromes, as well as other nonleukemia malignancies. There are at least two different strategies that use DCs to promote antitumor immunity: in situ vaccination and canonical vaccination. Monocyte-derived DCs (mo-DCs) and leukemia-derived DCs (DCleu) are the main types of DCs used in vaccines for AML and MDS thus far. Different cancer-related molecules such as peptides, recombinant proteins, apoptotic leukemic cells, whole tumor cells or lysates and DCs/DCleu containing a vaster antigenic repertoire with RNA electroporation, have been used as antigen sources to load DCs. To enhance DC vaccine efficacy, new strategies, such as combination with conventional chemotherapy, monospecific/bispecific antibodies and immune checkpoint-targeting therapies, have been explored. After a decade of trials and tribulations, much progress has been made and much promise has emerged in the field. In this review we summarize the recent advances in DC vaccine immunotherapy for AML/MDS as well as other nonleukemia malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jifeng Yu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Nuclear Protein Gene Regulation, Henan University College of Medicine, Kaifeng, 475004, Henan, China
| | - Hao Sun
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Weijie Cao
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Yongping Song
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450008, Henan, China.
| | - Zhongxing Jiang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China.
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12
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Jiménez-Morales S, Aranda-Uribe IS, Pérez-Amado CJ, Ramírez-Bello J, Hidalgo-Miranda A. Mechanisms of Immunosuppressive Tumor Evasion: Focus on Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. Front Immunol 2021; 12:737340. [PMID: 34867958 PMCID: PMC8636671 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.737340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a malignancy with high heterogeneity in its biological features and treatments. Although the overall survival (OS) of patients with ALL has recently improved considerably, owing to the application of conventional chemo-therapeutic agents, approximately 20% of the pediatric cases and 40-50% of the adult patients relapse during and after the treatment period. The potential mechanisms that cause relapse involve clonal evolution, innate and acquired chemoresistance, and the ability of ALL cells to escape the immune-suppressive tumor response. Currently, immunotherapy in combination with conventional treatment is used to enhance the immune response against tumor cells, thereby significantly improving the OS in patients with ALL. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms of immune evasion by leukemia cells could be useful for developing novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Jiménez-Morales
- Laboratorio de Genómica del Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ivan Sammir Aranda-Uribe
- Laboratorio de Genómica del Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Mexico City, Mexico
- Departamento de Farmacología, División de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Quintana Roo, Quintana Roo, Mexico
| | - Carlos Jhovani Pérez-Amado
- Laboratorio de Genómica del Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Mexico City, Mexico
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Bioquímicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Julian Ramírez-Bello
- Departamento de Endocrinología, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alfredo Hidalgo-Miranda
- Laboratorio de Genómica del Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Mexico City, Mexico
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13
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Bae MH, Park CJ, Suh C. Increased Monocytic Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells in Whole Blood Predict Poor Prognosis in Patients with Plasma Cell Myeloma. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10204717. [PMID: 34682840 PMCID: PMC8540224 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10204717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are heterogeneous populations of immature myeloid cells with immunosuppressive effects that have prognostic potential in patients with malignancies; however, survival analysis studies are sparse. In this study, the prognostic implication of MDSCs was investigated in peripheral blood (PB) and bone marrow (BM) samples from 81 patients with plasma cell myeloma at diagnosis. MDSCs were quantified as monocytic MDSCs (mMDSCs) (CD11b+HLA-DR-/lowCD14+) and granulocytic MDSCs with neutrophils (gMDSCs-N) (CD11b+HLA-DR-/lowCD14-CD33+CD15+). Serum creatinine and lactate dehydrogenase levels showed a moderate correlation with all MDSC types, except BM-gMDSCs-N; mMDSCs correlated with serum β2-microglobulin level, and PB-mMDSCs showed an inverse correlation with hemoglobin. PB-mMDSC levels were significantly higher in patients with progressive disease than those in patients at diagnosis and complete response. BM-mMDSC levels in patients with progressive disease were also higher than those in patients at diagnosis. Patients with high mMDSCs showed significantly poorer prognosis than patients with low mMDSCs. Multivariate analysis showed high PB-mMDSCs (≥0.3%) as a significant adverse prognostic marker for overall survival. This study demonstrated the independent adverse prognostic impact of PB-mMDSCs in patients with myeloma. PB-mMDSC measurement using whole blood is readily accessible in clinical laboratories, and may be used as a prognostic marker in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Hyun Bae
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Guri 11923, Korea;
| | - Chan-Jeoung Park
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine and Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-3010-4508; Fax: +82-2-478-0884
| | - Cheolwon Suh
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine and Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Korea;
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14
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Zhang B, Yang L, Wang X, Fu D. Identification of survival-related alternative splicing signatures in acute myeloid leukemia. Biosci Rep 2021; 41:BSR20204037. [PMID: 34212178 DOI: 10.1042/BSR20204037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Aberrant RNA alternative splicing (AS) variants play critical roles in tumorigenesis and prognosis in human cancers. Here, we conducted a comprehensive profiling of aberrant AS events in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). RNA AS profile, including seven AS types, and the percent spliced in (PSI) value for each patient were generated by SpliceSeq using RNA-seq data from TCGA. Univariate followed by multivariate Cox regression analysis were used to identify survival-related AS events and develop the AS signatures. A nomogram was developed, and its predictive efficacy was assessed. About 27,892 AS events and 3,178 events were associated with overall survival (OS) after strict filtering. Parent genes of survival-associated AS events were mainly enriched in leukemia-associated processes including chromatin modification, autophagy, and T-cell receptor signaling pathway. The 10 AS signature based on seven types of AS events showed better efficacy in predicting OS of patients than those built on a single AS event type. The area under curve (AUC) value of the 10 AS signature for 3-year OS was 0.91. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) confirmed that these survival-related AS events contribute to AML progression. Moreover, the nomogram showed good predictive performance for patient's prognosis. Finally, the correlation network of AS variants with splicing factor genes found potential important regulatory genes in AML. The present study presented a systematic analysis of survival-related AS events and developed AS signatures for predicting the patient’s survival. Further studies are needed to validate the signatures in independent AML cohorts and might provide a promising perspective for developing therapeutic targets.
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15
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Miazek-Zapala N, Slusarczyk A, Kusowska A, Zapala P, Kubacz M, Winiarska M, Bobrowicz M. The "Magic Bullet" Is Here? Cell-Based Immunotherapies for Hematological Malignancies in the Twilight of the Chemotherapy Era. Cells 2021; 10:1511. [PMID: 34203935 PMCID: PMC8232692 DOI: 10.3390/cells10061511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the introduction of a plethora of different anti-neoplastic approaches including standard chemotherapy, molecularly targeted small-molecule inhibitors, monoclonal antibodies, and finally hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), there is still a need for novel therapeutic options with the potential to cure hematological malignancies. Although nowadays HSCT already offers a curative effect, its implementation is largely limited by the age and frailty of the patient. Moreover, its efficacy in combating the malignancy with graft-versus-tumor effect frequently coexists with undesirable graft-versus-host disease (GvHD). Therefore, it seems that cell-based adoptive immunotherapies may constitute optimal strategies to be successfully incorporated into the standard therapeutic protocols. Thus, modern cell-based immunotherapy may finally represent the long-awaited "magic bullet" against cancer. However, enhancing the safety and efficacy of this treatment regimen still presents many challenges. In this review, we summarize the up-to-date state of the art concerning the use of CAR-T cells and NK-cell-based immunotherapies in hemato-oncology, identify possible obstacles, and delineate further perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Miazek-Zapala
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (N.M.-Z.); (A.S.); (A.K.); (M.K.); (M.W.)
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology of Hearing, World Hearing Center, 05-830 Nadarzyn, Poland
| | - Aleksander Slusarczyk
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (N.M.-Z.); (A.S.); (A.K.); (M.K.); (M.W.)
- Department of General, Oncological and Functional Urology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-005 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Aleksandra Kusowska
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (N.M.-Z.); (A.S.); (A.K.); (M.K.); (M.W.)
| | - Piotr Zapala
- Department of General, Oncological and Functional Urology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-005 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Matylda Kubacz
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (N.M.-Z.); (A.S.); (A.K.); (M.K.); (M.W.)
| | - Magdalena Winiarska
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (N.M.-Z.); (A.S.); (A.K.); (M.K.); (M.W.)
| | - Malgorzata Bobrowicz
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (N.M.-Z.); (A.S.); (A.K.); (M.K.); (M.W.)
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16
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Chen Z, Zheng Y, Yang Y, Kang J, You MJ, Tian C. Abnormal bone marrow microenvironment: the “harbor” of acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells. Blood Science 2021; 3:29-34. [PMID: 35402834 PMCID: PMC8975096 DOI: 10.1097/bs9.0000000000000071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow (BM) microenvironment regulates and supports the production of blood cells which are necessary to maintain homeostasis. In analogy to normal hematopoiesis, leukemogenesis is originated from leukemic stem cells (LSCs) which gives rise to more differentiated malignant cells. Leukemia cells occupy BM niches and reconstruct them to support leukemogenesis. The abnormal BM niches are the main sanctuary of LSCs where they can evade chemotherapy-induced death and acquire drug resistance. In this review, we focus on the protective effects of BM niche cells on acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells.
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17
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Pastorczak A, Domka K, Fidyt K, Poprzeczko M, Firczuk M. Mechanisms of Immune Evasion in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:1536. [PMID: 33810515 PMCID: PMC8037152 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13071536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) results from a clonal expansion of abnormal lymphoid progenitors of B cell (BCP-ALL) or T cell (T-ALL) origin that invade bone marrow, peripheral blood, and extramedullary sites. Leukemic cells, apart from their oncogene-driven ability to proliferate and avoid differentiation, also change the phenotype and function of innate and adaptive immune cells, leading to escape from the immune surveillance. In this review, we provide an overview of the genetic heterogeneity and treatment of BCP- and T-ALL. We outline the interactions of leukemic cells in the bone marrow microenvironment, mainly with mesenchymal stem cells and immune cells. We describe the mechanisms by which ALL cells escape from immune recognition and elimination by the immune system. We focus on the alterations in ALL cells, such as overexpression of ligands for various inhibitory receptors, including anti-phagocytic receptors on macrophages, NK cell inhibitory receptors, as well as T cell immune checkpoints. In addition, we describe how developing leukemia shapes the bone marrow microenvironment and alters the function of immune cells. Finally, we emphasize that an immunosuppressive microenvironment can reduce the efficacy of chemo- and immunotherapy and provide examples of preclinical studies showing strategies for improving ALL treatment by targeting these immunosuppressive interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Pastorczak
- Department of Pediatrics, Oncology and Hematology, Medical University of Lodz, 91-738 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Krzysztof Domka
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (K.D.); (K.F.); (M.P.)
- Doctoral School, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Klaudyna Fidyt
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (K.D.); (K.F.); (M.P.)
- Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Martyna Poprzeczko
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (K.D.); (K.F.); (M.P.)
| | - Malgorzata Firczuk
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (K.D.); (K.F.); (M.P.)
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18
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Xu B, Hu R, Liang Z, Chen T, Chen J, Hu Y, Jiang Y, Li Y. Metabolic regulation of the bone marrow microenvironment in leukemia. Blood Rev 2020; 48:100786. [PMID: 33353770 DOI: 10.1016/j.blre.2020.100786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Most leukemia patients experience little benefit from immunotherapy, in part due to the immunosuppressive bone marrow microenvironment. Various metabolic mechanisms orchestrate the behaviors of immune cells and leukemia cells in the bone marrow microenvironment. Furthermore, leukemia cells regulate the bone marrow microenvironment through metabolism to generate an adequate supply of energy and to escape antitumor immune surveillance. Thus, the targeting of the interaction between leukemia cells and the bone marrow microenvironment provides a new therapeutic avenue. In this review, we describe the concept of the bone marrow microenvironment and several important metabolic processes of leukemia cells within the bone marrow microenvironment, including carbohydrate, lipid, and amino acid metabolism. In addition, we discuss how these metabolic pathways regulate antitumor immunity and reveal potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binyan Xu
- Department of Hematology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510280, PR China
| | - Rong Hu
- Department of Hematology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510280, PR China
| | - Zhao Liang
- Department of Hematology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510280, PR China
| | - Tong Chen
- Department of Hematology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510280, PR China; The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, PR China
| | - Jianyu Chen
- Department of Hematology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510280, PR China
| | - Yuxing Hu
- Department of Hematology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510280, PR China
| | - Yirong Jiang
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Dongguan People's Hospital, Southern Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong 523059, PR China.
| | - Yuhua Li
- Department of Hematology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510280, PR China; Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), 510005 Guangzhou, PR China.
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19
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Abstract
Despite the approval of a number of new targeted therapies for acute myeloid leukemia (AML), median overall survival still remains poor, ranging from 12 to 18 months in most patients. Based on the success of blinatumomab, the CD19-targeted bispecific antibody for the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia, the development of several CD33-targeted bispecific antibodies for AML are being investigated in clinical trials. In this review article of CD33-targeted bispecific antibodies, we describe the rationale for targeting CD3 x CD33, summarize the data from four ongoing phase 1 studies, review the major toxicity associated with CD33-targeted bispecific antibody therapy of cytokine release syndrome (CRS) and steps to mitigate CRS, and describe possible mechanisms of resistance to CD33-targeted bispecific antibody therapy. Future development to try to improve outcomes include combination therapies to reduce the tumor burden prior to starting treatment, combining with immune checkpoint inhibition therapy such as anti-PD-1/PDL1 antibodies, and the use of second generation bispecific antibodies that target two different antigens and recruit other effector cells such as nature killer cells and macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary C Clark
- Department of Clinical and Translational Project Development, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Anthony Stein
- Gehr Family Center for Leukemia Research, Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA.
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20
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Lin WY, Wang HH, Chen YW, Lin CF, Fan HC, Lee YY. Gene Modified CAR-T Cellular Therapy for Hematologic Malignancies. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21228655. [PMID: 33212810 PMCID: PMC7697548 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
With advances in the understanding of characteristics of molecules, specific antigens on the surface of hematological malignant cells were identified and multiple therapies targeting these antigens as neoplasm treatments were developed. Among them, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy, which got United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval for relapsed/refractory (r/r) diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) as well as for recurrent acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) within the past five years, and for r/r mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) this year, represents one of the most rapidly evolving immunotherapies. Nevertheless, its applicability to other hematological malignancies, as well as its efficacy and persistence are fraught with clinical challenges. Currently, more than one thousand clinical trials in CAR T-cell therapy are ongoing and its development is changing rapidly. This review introduces the current status of CAR T-cell therapy in terms of the basic molecular aspects of CAR T-cell therapy, its application in hematological malignancies, adverse reactions during clinical use, remaining challenges, and future utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Ying Lin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan;
| | - Hsin-Hui Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Immunology and Nephrology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan;
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
- Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Wei Chen
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan;
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan;
| | - Chun-Fu Lin
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan;
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan
| | - Hueng-Chuen Fan
- Department of Pediatrics, Tungs’ Taichung Metroharbor Hospital, Wuchi, Taichung 435403, Taiwan;
- Department of Medical Research, Tungs’ Taichung Metroharbor Hospital, Wuchi, Taichung 435403, Taiwan
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
- Department of Rehabilitation, Jen-Teh Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Miaoli 356, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Yen Lee
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan;
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-2-28757491; Fax: +886-2-28757588
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21
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Solinas C, Aiello M, Rozali E, Lambertini M, Willard-Gallo K, Migliori E. Programmed cell death-ligand 2: A neglected but important target in the immune response to cancer? Transl Oncol 2020; 13:100811. [PMID: 32622310 PMCID: PMC7332529 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2020.100811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Programmed cell death-ligand 2 (PD-L2) is one of the two ligands of the programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) receptor, an inhibitory protein mainly expressed on activated immune cells that is targeted in the clinic, with successful and remarkable results. The PD-1/PD-Ls axis was shown to be one of the most relevant immunosuppressive pathways in the immune microenvironment, and blocking this interaction gave rise to an impressive clinical benefit in a broad variety of solid and hematological malignancies. Although PD-L2 has been historically considered a minor ligand, it binds to PD-1 with a two- to six-fold higher affinity as compared to PD-L1. PD-L2 can be expressed by immune, stromal, or tumor cells. The aims of this narrative review are to summarize PD-L2 biology in the physiological responses of the immune system and its role, expression, and clinical significance in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinzia Solinas
- Azienda USL Valle d'Aosta, Regional Hospital of Valle d'Aosta, Aosta, Italy
| | - Marco Aiello
- Medical Oncology Unit, A.O.U. Policlinico San Marco, Catania, Italy
| | - Esdy Rozali
- Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | - Matteo Lambertini
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino and University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | | | - Edoardo Migliori
- Columbia University Medical Center, Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, New York, NY, USA.
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22
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Anami Y, Deng M, Gui X, Yamaguchi A, Yamazaki CM, Zhang N, Zhang CC, An Z, Tsuchikama K. LILRB4-targeting Antibody-Drug Conjugates for the Treatment of Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Mol Cancer Ther 2020; 19:2330-2339. [PMID: 32879051 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-20-0407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is the most common and aggressive blood cancer in adults. In particular, significant unmet medical needs exist for effective treatment strategies for acute myelomonocytic leukemia (M4) and acute monocytic leukemia (M5) AML subtypes. Antibody-drug conjugates (ADC) are a promising drug class for AML therapy, as demonstrated by the FDA-approved anti-CD33 ADC, gemtuzumab ozogamicin (Mylotarg). However, CD33 is expressed in normal hematopoietic stem cells, highlighting the critical need to identify AML-specific targets to minimize the risk of potential adverse effects. We have demonstrated that the leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor subfamily B4 (LILRB4) is expressed at significantly higher levels on monocytic M4 and M5 AML cells than on normal counterparts. Here, we test whether LILRB4 is a promising ADC target to kill monocytic AML cells while sparing healthy counterparts. To this end, we generated ADCs from a humanized anti-LILRB4 mAb and the antimitotic payload, monomethyl auristatin F. The conjugates constructed were characterized and evaluated for LILRB4-specific cell killing potency, toxicity to progenitor cells, pharmacokinetics, and therapeutic efficacy. Our ADC linker technology platform efficiently generated homogeneous anti-LILRB4 ADCs with defined drug-to-antibody ratios. The homogeneous anti-LILRB4 ADCs demonstrated the capacity for LILRB4-mediated internalization, suitable physicochemical properties, and high cell killing potency against LILRB4-positive AML cells. Importantly, our data indicate that these ADCs spare normal progenitor cells. One of our homogeneous conjugates exerted a remarkable therapeutic effect and no significant toxicity in a xenograft mouse model of disseminated human AML. Our findings highlight the clinical potential of anti-LILRB4 ADCs in monocytic AML therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuaki Anami
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Mi Deng
- Department of Physiology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Xun Gui
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Aiko Yamaguchi
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Chisato M Yamazaki
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Ningyan Zhang
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Cheng Cheng Zhang
- Department of Physiology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.
| | - Zhiqiang An
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas.
| | - Kyoji Tsuchikama
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas.
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23
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Alameda D, Saez B, Lara-Astiaso D, Sarvide S, Lasa M, Alignani D, Rodriguez I, Garate S, Vilas A, Paiva B, Alfonso-Olmos M, De Espinosa JML, Prosper F, Miguel JFS, Maiso P. Characterization of freshly isolated bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells from healthy donors and patients with multiple myeloma: transcriptional modulation of the microenvironment. Haematologica 2020; 105:e470-473. [PMID: 33054066 PMCID: PMC7556476 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2019.235135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Alameda
- Clinica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain; Centro de Investigacion Medica Aplicada (CIMA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Borja Saez
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain; Centro de Investigacion Medica Aplicada (CIMA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - David Lara-Astiaso
- MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sarai Sarvide
- Centro de Investigacion Medica Aplicada (CIMA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Marta Lasa
- Clinica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Diego Alignani
- Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Amaia Vilas
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain; Centro de Investigacion Medica Aplicada (CIMA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Bruno Paiva
- Clinica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain; Centro de Investigacion Medica Aplicada (CIMA), Pamplona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Felipe Prosper
- Clinica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain; Centro de Investigacion Medica Aplicada (CIMA), Pamplona, Spain; Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesus F San Miguel
- Clinica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain; Centro de Investigacion Medica Aplicada (CIMA), Pamplona, Spain; Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricia Maiso
- Clinica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain; Centro de Investigacion Medica Aplicada (CIMA), Pamplona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain.
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24
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Neophytou CM, Pierides C, Christodoulou MI, Costeas P, Kyriakou TC, Papageorgis P. The Role of Tumor-Associated Myeloid Cells in Modulating Cancer Therapy. Front Oncol 2020; 10:899. [PMID: 32656079 PMCID: PMC7325995 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloid cells include various cellular subtypes that are distinguished into mononuclear and polymorphonuclear cells, derived from either common myeloid progenitor cells (CMPs) or myeloid stem cells. They play pivotal roles in innate immunity since, following invasion by pathogens, myeloid cells are recruited and initiate phagocytosis and secretion of inflammatory cytokines into local tissues. Moreover, mounting evidence suggests that myeloid cells may also regulate cancer development by infiltrating the tumor to directly interact with cancer cells or by affecting the tumor microenvironment. Importantly, mononuclear phagocytes, including macrophages and dendritic cells (DCs), can have either a positive or negative impact on the efficacy of chemotherapy, radiotherapy as well as targeted anti-cancer therapies. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), profusely found in the tumor stroma, can promote resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs, such as Taxol and Paclitaxel, whereas the suppression of TAMs can lead to an improved radiotherapy outcome. On the contrary, the presence of TAMs may be beneficial for targeted therapies as they can facilitate the accumulation of large quantities of nanoparticles carrying therapeutic compounds. Tumor infiltrating DCs, however, are generally thought to enhance cytotoxic therapies, including those using anthracyclines. This review focuses on the role of tumor-infiltrating and stroma myeloid cells in modulating tumor responses to various treatments. We herein report the impact of myeloid cells in a number of therapeutic approaches across a wide range of malignancies, as well as the efforts toward the elimination of myeloid cells or the exploitation of their presence for the enhancement of therapeutic efficacy against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiana M Neophytou
- European University Research Centre, Nicosia, Cyprus.,Department of Life Sciences, School of Sciences, European University Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Chryso Pierides
- The Center for the Study of Haematological Malignancies, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | | | - Paul Costeas
- The Center for the Study of Haematological Malignancies, Nicosia, Cyprus.,The Cyprus Cancer Research Institute, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | | | - Panagiotis Papageorgis
- European University Research Centre, Nicosia, Cyprus.,Department of Life Sciences, School of Sciences, European University Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
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25
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Capodanno I, Rocchi M, Prandi R, Pedroni C, Tamagnini E, Alfieri P, Merli F, Ghirotto L. Caregivers of Patients with Hematological Malignancies within Home Care: A Phenomenological Study. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 17:ijerph17114036. [PMID: 32517057 PMCID: PMC7312962 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17114036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The role of caregivers in homecare settings is relevant to the patient’s wellbeing and quality of life. This phenomenon is well described in the literature for the oncological setting but not specifically for that of hematological malignancies. The aim of this study was to explore the experience of primary caregivers of patients with hematological malignancies within home care. We conducted a phenomenological study based on interviews with 17 primary caregivers of hematological patients. Analysis of the contents led to the identification of five main themes. Perhaps, the innovative aspects of this study can be summarized in three points: This service was demonstrated to fulfil the ethical aspects of providing the patient with a dignified accompaniment to the end of life. Secondly, the efficiency of the service and the benefit are directly dependent on the caregivers’ wellbeing, so knowledge of the dynamics and emotions involved can lead to the development and implementation of programs for hematological malignancies. Lastly, a collaborative caregivers–professionals relationship can improve a sense of accomplishment for all parties involved, lessening the family’s frustration related to not having done their best. Home care brings significant benefits for both the patient and the caregivers and fulfils the ethical obligation of providing the patient dignified end-of-life care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Capodanno
- Department of Hematology, Azienda USL–IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Viale Risorgimento, 80-42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy; (I.C.); (P.A.); (F.M.)
| | - Mirta Rocchi
- Hospice “Casa Madonna dell’Uliveto” Via Oliveto, 34-42020 Albinea, Reggio Emilia, Italy;
| | - Rossella Prandi
- Servizio Infermieristico Domiciliare, Azienda USL di Modena, piazzale dei Donatori di Sangue, 3-41012 Carpi, Italy;
| | - Cristina Pedroni
- Direzione delle Professioni Sanitarie Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia Viale Amendola, 2-42122 Reggio Emilia, Italy;
| | - Enrica Tamagnini
- Department of Primary Care, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia Viale Amendola, 2-42122 Reggio Emilia, Italy;
| | - Pierluigi Alfieri
- Department of Hematology, Azienda USL–IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Viale Risorgimento, 80-42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy; (I.C.); (P.A.); (F.M.)
| | - Francesco Merli
- Department of Hematology, Azienda USL–IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Viale Risorgimento, 80-42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy; (I.C.); (P.A.); (F.M.)
| | - Luca Ghirotto
- Qualitative Research Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia Viale Umberto I, 50-42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0522-2956-17
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26
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Ji YS, Park SK, Ryu S. Whole leukemia cell vaccines: Past progress and future directions. Vaccine 2020; 38:3811-3820. [PMID: 32280046 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.03.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
It has long been recognized that allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation can reduce the risk of leukemia relapse by inducing the graft-versus-leukemia effect. However, allogeneic stem cell transplantation is also known to be able to cause graft-versus-host disease, which can cause considerable morbidity and even mortality in patients receiving allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Therefore, to elicit leukemia-specific immune responses without alloimmune reaction, the possibilities of active immunotherapy methods such as leukemia vaccines have been studied for decades. Among various types of leukemia vaccines, whole leukemia cell vaccines are known to be able to induce immune responses against multiple unknown antigens without the need for adoptive transfer of dendritic cells. In this review, we will discuss the past progress of whole leukemia cell vaccines, with a focus on strategies to enhance their immunogenicity. We will also present the future directions of whole leukemia cell vaccines along with addressing newly emerging concepts, such as immunogenic cell death and necroptosis. We will not discuss in detail other factors that can reduce the therapeutic efficacy of whole leukemia cell vaccines such as various immunosuppressive mechanisms of leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Sok Ji
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, 25 Bongjeong-ro, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan-si, Chungcheongnam-do 31151, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seong Kyu Park
- Division of Hemato-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, 170 Jomaru-ro, Wonmi-gu, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi-do 14584, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seongho Ryu
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, 25 Bongjeong-ro, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan-si, Chungcheongnam-do 31151, Republic of Korea; Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Sciences (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, 25 Bongjeong-ro, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan-si, Chungcheongnam-do 31151, Republic of Korea.
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27
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Gupta N, Sharma A, Sharma A. Emerging biomarkers in Multiple Myeloma: A review. Clin Chim Acta 2019; 503:45-53. [PMID: 31901479 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2019.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Multiple Myeloma (MM) is the second most common hematological malignancy after non-Hodgkin lymphoma and is manifested by uncontrolled proliferation and accumulation of abnormal plasma cells in the bone marrow (BM). The incidence along with deaths associated with MM is on rise due to lack of an effective diagnosis at an early stage. The identification of MM decades ago marks the adoption of certain conventional markers such as plasma cell percentage in BM, serum protein electrophoresis for M-band and urinary Bence-Jones protein. This was then followed by utilization of β2 microglobulin and serum albumin for determining the staging of MM. The need for a better diagnostic or prognostic marker prompts researchers and hence, certain novel markers have been tested which includes extracellular matrix proteins, angiogenic factors, telomeres and telomerase along with the immune markers. Nowadays, proteomic and genomic studies are being performed to identify novel diagnostic and/or prognostic markers for MM. Followed by this, comes the emerging concept of liquid biopsy which allows easy and non-invasive detection of the disease. The liquid biopsy comprises of circulatory tumor cells along with the nucleic acids (microRNAs and cell-free DNA) released from the tumor cells in peripheral circulation which could be a true representation of BM. This review, hence, summarizes the emerging biomarkers involved in the diagnosis and prognosis of MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Aparna Sharma
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dr. B.R Ambedkar IRCH, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Alpana Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
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28
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Alcazar O, Hernandez LF, Tschiggfrie A, Muehlbauer MJ, Bain JR, Buchwald P, Abdulreda MH. Feasibility of Localized Metabolomics in the Study of Pancreatic Islets and Diabetes. Metabolites 2019; 9:E207. [PMID: 31569489 DOI: 10.3390/metabo9100207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Disruption of insulin production by native or transplanted pancreatic islets caused by auto/allo-immunity leads to hyperglycemia, a serious health condition and important therapeutic challenge due to the lifelong need for exogeneous insulin administration. Early metabolic biomarkers can prompt timely interventions to preserve islet function, but reliable biomarkers are currently lacking. We explored the feasibility of "localized metabolomics" where initial biomarker discovery is made in aqueous humor samples for further validation in the circulation. (2) Methods: We conducted non-targeted metabolomic studies in parallel aqueous humor and plasma samples from diabetic and nondiabetic mice. Metabolite levels and associated pathways were compared in both compartments as well as to an earlier longitudinal dataset in hyperglycemia-progressor versus non-progressor non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice. (3) Results: We confirmed that aqueous humor samples can be used to assess metabolite levels. About half of the identified metabolites had well-correlated levels in the aqueous humor and plasma. Several plasma metabolites were significantly different between diabetic and nondiabetic animals and between males and females, and many of them were correlated with the aqueous humor. (4) Conclusions: This study provides proof-of-concept evidence that aqueous humor samples enriched with islet-related metabolites and representative of the immediate islet microenvironment following intraocular islet transplant can be used to assess metabolic changes that could otherwise be overlooked in the general circulation. The findings support localized metabolomics, with and without intraocular islet transplant, to identify biomarkers associated with diabetes and islet allograft rejection.
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Robertson MJ, Stamatkin CW, Pelloso D, Weisenbach J, Prasad NK, Safa AR. A Dose-escalation Study of Recombinant Human Interleukin-18 in Combination With Ofatumumab After Autologous Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Transplantation for Lymphoma. J Immunother 2018; 41:151-7. [PMID: 29517616 DOI: 10.1097/CJI.0000000000000220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-18 (IL-18) is an immunostimulatory cytokine that augments antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity mediated by human natural killer cells against antibody-coated lymphoma cells in vitro and that has antitumor activity in animal models. Ofatumumab is a CD20 monoclonal antibody with activity against human B-cell lymphomas. A phase I study of recombinant human (rh) IL-18 given with ofatumumab was undertaken in patients with CD20 lymphoma who had undergone high-dose chemotherapy and autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation. Cohorts of 3 patients were given intravenous infusions of ofatumumab 1000 mg weekly for 4 weeks with escalating doses of rhIL-18 as a intravenous infusion weekly for 8 consecutive weeks. Nine male patients with CD20 lymphomas were given ofatumumab in combination with rhIL-18 at doses of 3, 10, and 30 μg/kg. No unexpected or dose-limiting toxicities were observed. The mean reduction from predose levels in the number of peripheral blood natural killer cells after the first rhIL-18 infusion was 91%, 96%, and 97% for the 3, 10, and 30 μg/kg cohorts, respectively. Serum concentrations of interferon-γ and chemokines transiently increased following IL-18 dosing. rhIL-18 can be given in biologically active doses by weekly infusions in combination with ofatumumab after peripheral blood stem cell transplantation to patients with lymphoma. A maximum tolerated dose of rhIL-18 plus ofatumumab was not determined. Further studies of rhIL-18 and CD20 monoclonal antibodies in B-cell malignancies are warranted.
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Yoo HJ, Liu Y, Wang L, Schubert ML, Hoffmann JM, Wang S, Neuber B, Hückelhoven-Krauss A, Gern U, Schmitt A, Müller-Tidow C, Dreger P, Mokhir A, Schmitt M, Sellner L. Tumor-Specific Reactive Oxygen Species Accelerators Improve Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cell Therapy in B Cell Malignancies. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E2469. [PMID: 31109083 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20102469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor T cell (CART) therapy is currently one of the most promising treatment approaches in cancer immunotherapy. However, the immunosuppressive nature of the tumor microenvironment, in particular increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, provides considerable limitations. In this study, we aimed to exploit increased ROS levels in the tumor microenvironment with prodrugs of ROS accelerators, which are specifically activated in cancer cells. Upon activation, ROS accelerators induce further generation of ROS. This leads to an accumulation of ROS in tumor cells. We hypothesized that the latter cells will be more susceptible to CARTs. CD19-specific CARTs were generated with a CD19.CAR.CD28.CD137zeta third-generation retroviral vector. Cytotoxicity was determined by chromium-51 release assay. Influence of the ROS accelerators on viability and phenotype of CARTs was determined by flow cytometry. The combination of CARTs with the ROS accelerator PipFcB significantly increased their cytotoxicity in the Burkitt lymphoma cell lines Raji and Daudi, as well as primary chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells. Exposure of CARTs to PipFcB for 48 h did not influence T cell exhaustion, viability, or T cell subpopulations. In summary, the combination of CARTs with ROS accelerators may improve adoptive immunotherapy and help to overcome tumor microenvironment-mediated treatment resistance.
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31
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Umansky V, Adema GJ, Baran J, Brandau S, Van Ginderachter JA, Hu X, Jablonska J, Mojsilovic S, Papadaki HA, Pico de Coaña Y, Santegoets KCM, Santibanez JF, Serre K, Si Y, Sieminska I, Velegraki M, Fridlender ZG. Interactions among myeloid regulatory cells in cancer. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2019; 68:645-660. [PMID: 30003321 PMCID: PMC11028297 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-018-2200-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Mounting evidence has accumulated on the critical role of the different myeloid cells in the regulation of the cancerous process, and in particular in the modulation of the immune reaction to cancer. Myeloid cells are a major component of host cells infiltrating tumors, interacting with each other, with tumor cells and other stromal cells, and demonstrating a prominent plasticity. We describe here various myeloid regulatory cells (MRCs) in mice and human as well as their relevant therapeutic targets. We first address the role of the monocytes and macrophages that can contribute to angiogenesis, immunosuppression and metastatic dissemination. Next, we discuss the differential role of neutrophil subsets in tumor development, enhancing the dual and sometimes contradicting role of these cells. A heterogeneous population of immature myeloid cells, MDSCs, was shown to be generated and accumulated during tumor progression as well as to be an important player in cancer-related immune suppression. Lastly, we discuss the role of myeloid DCs, which can either contribute to effective anti-tumor responses or play a more regulatory role. We believe that MRCs play a critical role in cancer-related immune regulation and suggest that future anti-cancer therapies will focus on these abundant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktor Umansky
- Skin Cancer Unit (G300), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Ruprecht Karl University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany.
| | - Gosse J Adema
- Radiotherapy and OncoImmunology Laboratory, Department of Radiation Oncology, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jaroslaw Baran
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Institute of Paediatrics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Sven Brandau
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Jo A Van Ginderachter
- Lab of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- Myeloid Cell Immunology Lab, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Xiaoying Hu
- Skin Cancer Unit (G300), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Ruprecht Karl University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Jadwiga Jablonska
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Slavko Mojsilovic
- Laboratory for Experimental Hematology and Stem Cells, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia
| | - Helen A Papadaki
- Department of Hematology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Yago Pico de Coaña
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kim C M Santegoets
- Radiotherapy and OncoImmunology Laboratory, Department of Radiation Oncology, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Juan F Santibanez
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia
- Centro Integrativo de Biología y Química Aplicada (CIBQA), Universidad Bernardo O'Higgins, Santiago, Chile
| | - Karine Serre
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine (IMM)-João Lobo Antunes, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Yu Si
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Isabela Sieminska
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Institute of Paediatrics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Maria Velegraki
- Department of Hematology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Zvi G Fridlender
- Institute of Pulmonary Medicine, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
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32
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Nahas MR, Stroopinsky D, Rosenblatt J, Cole L, Pyzer AR, Anastasiadou E, Sergeeva A, Ephraim A, Washington A, Orr S, McMasters M, Weinstock M, Jain S, Leaf RK, Ghiasuddin H, Rahimian M, Liegel J, Molldrem JJ, Slack F, Kufe D, Avigan D. Hypomethylating agent alters the immune microenvironment in acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) and enhances the immunogenicity of a dendritic cell/AML vaccine. Br J Haematol 2019; 185:679-690. [PMID: 30828801 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.15818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) is a lethal haematological malignancy characterized by an immunosuppressive milieu in the tumour microenvironment (TME) that fosters disease growth and therapeutic resistance. Hypomethylating agents (HMAs) demonstrate clinical efficacy in AML patients and exert immunomodulatory activities. In the present study, we show that guadecitabine augments both antigen processing and presentation, resulting in increased AML susceptibility to T cell-mediated killing. Exposure to HMA results in the activation of the endogenous retroviral pathway with concomitant downstream amplification of critical mediators of inflammation. In an immunocompetent murine leukaemia model, guadecitabine negatively regulates inhibitory accessory cells in the TME by decreasing PD-1 (also termed PDCD1) expressing T cells and reducing AML-mediated expansion of myeloid-derived suppressor cells. Therapy with guadecitabine results in enhanced leukaemia-specific immunity, as manifested by increased CD4 and CD8 cells targeting syngeneic leukaemia cells. We have previously reported that vaccination with AML/dendritic cell fusions elicits the expansion of leukaemia-specific T cells and protects against disease relapse. In the present study, we demonstrate that vaccination in conjunction with HMA therapy results in enhanced anti-leukaemia immunity and survival. The combination of a novel personalized dendritic cell/AML fusion vaccine and an HMA has therapeutic potential, and a clinical trial investigating this combination is planned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myrna R Nahas
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dina Stroopinsky
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jacalyn Rosenblatt
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Leandra Cole
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Athalia R Pyzer
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eleni Anastasiadou
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anna Sergeeva
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Adam Ephraim
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Abigail Washington
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shira Orr
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Matthew Weinstock
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Salvia Jain
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rebecca K Leaf
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Haider Ghiasuddin
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Maryam Rahimian
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jessica Liegel
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Frank Slack
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Donald Kufe
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Department of Medical Oncology, Boston, MA
| | - David Avigan
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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33
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Ghosh S, Lalani R, Patel V, Bardoliwala D, Maiti K, Banerjee S, Bhowmick S, Misra A. Combinatorial nanocarriers against drug resistance in hematological cancers: Opportunities and emerging strategies. J Control Release 2019; 296:114-139. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2019.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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34
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Carter BZ, Mak PY, Wang X, Tao W, Ruvolo V, Mak D, Mu H, Burks JK, Andreeff M. An ARC-Regulated IL1β/Cox-2/PGE2/β-Catenin/ARC Circuit Controls Leukemia-Microenvironment Interactions and Confers Drug Resistance in AML. Cancer Res 2019; 79:1165-1177. [PMID: 30674535 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-18-0921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The apoptosis repressor with caspase recruitment domain (ARC) protein is a strong independent adverse prognostic marker in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). We previously reported that ARC regulates leukemia-microenvironment interactions through the NFκB/IL1β signaling network. Malignant cells have been reported to release IL1β, which induces PGE2 synthesis in mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC), in turn activating β-catenin signaling and inducing the cancer stem cell phenotype. Although Cox-2 and its enzymatic product PGE2 play major roles in inflammation and cancer, the regulation and role of PGE2 in AML are largely unknown. Here, we report that AML-MSC cocultures greatly increase Cox-2 expression in MSC and PGE2 production in an ARC/IL1β-dependent manner. PGE2 induced the expression of β-catenin, which regulated ARC and augmented chemoresistance in AML cells; inhibition of β-catenin decreased ARC and sensitized AML cells to chemotherapy. NOD/SCIDIL2RγNull-3/GM/SF mice transplanted with ARC-knockdown AML cells had significantly lower leukemia burden, lower serum levels of IL1β/PGE2, and lower tissue human ARC and β-catenin levels, prolonged survival, and increased sensitivity to chemotherapy than controls. Collectively, we present a new mechanism of action of antiapoptotic ARC by which ARC regulates PGE2 production in the tumor microenvironment and microenvironment-mediated chemoresistance in AML.Significance: The antiapoptotic protein ARC promotes AML aggressiveness by enabling detrimental cross-talk with bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Z Carter
- Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
| | - Po Yee Mak
- Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Xiangmeng Wang
- Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Wenjing Tao
- Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Vivian Ruvolo
- Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Duncan Mak
- Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Hong Mu
- Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jared K Burks
- Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Michael Andreeff
- Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
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35
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Kogan AA, Lapidus RG, Baer MR, Rassool FV. Exploiting epigenetically mediated changes: Acute myeloid leukemia, leukemia stem cells and the bone marrow microenvironment. Adv Cancer Res 2019; 141:213-253. [PMID: 30691684 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acr.2018.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) derives from the clonal expansion of immature myeloid cells in the bone marrow, and results in the disruption of normal hematopoiesis and subsequent bone marrow failure. The bone marrow microenvironment (BME) and its immune and other supporting cells are regarded to facilitate the survival, differentiation and proliferation of leukemia stem cells (LSCs), which enables AML cells to persist and expand despite treatment. Recent studies have identified epigenetic modifications among AML cells and BME constituents in AML, and have shown that epigenetic therapy can potentially reprogram these alterations. In this review, we summarize the interactions between the BME and LSCs, and discuss changes in how the BME and immune cells interact with AML cells. After describing the epigenetic modifications seen across chromatin, DNA, the BME, and the immune microenvironment, we explore how demethylating agents may reprogram these pathological interactions, and potentially re-sensitize AML cells to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aksinija A Kogan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States; University of Maryland Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Rena G Lapidus
- University of Maryland Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, United States; Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Maria R Baer
- University of Maryland Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, United States; Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Feyruz V Rassool
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States; University of Maryland Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, United States.
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36
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Hohtari H, Brück O, Blom S, Turkki R, Sinisalo M, Kovanen PE, Kallioniemi O, Pellinen T, Porkka K, Mustjoki S. Immune cell constitution in bone marrow microenvironment predicts outcome in adult ALL. Leukemia 2019; 33:1570-82. [PMID: 30635636 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-018-0360-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2018] [Revised: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
As novel immunological treatments are gaining a foothold in the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), it is elemental to examine ALL immunobiology in more detail. We used multiplexed immunohistochemistry (mIHC) to study the immune contexture in adult precursor B cell ALL bone marrow (BM). In addition, we developed a multivariate risk prediction model that stratified a poor survival group based on clinical parameters and mIHC data. We analyzed BM biopsy samples of ALL patients (n = 52) and healthy controls (n = 14) using mIHC with 30 different immunophenotype markers and computerized image analysis. In ALL BM, the proportions of M1-like macrophages, granzyme B+CD57+CD8+ T cells, and CD27+ T cells were decreased, whereas the proportions of myeloid-derived suppressor cells and M2-like macrophages were increased. Also, the expression of checkpoint molecules PD1 and CTLA4 was elevated. In the multivariate model, age, platelet count, and the proportion of PD1+TIM3+ double-positive CD4+ T cells differentiated a poor survival group. These results were validated by flow cytometry in a separate cohort (n = 31). In conclusion, the immune cell contexture in ALL BM differs from healthy controls. CD4+PD1+TIM3+ T cells were independent predictors of poor outcome in our multivariate risk model, suggesting that PD1 might serve as an attractive immuno-oncological target in B-ALL.
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37
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Feng XY, Lu L, Wang KF, Zhu BY, Wen XZ, Peng RQ, Ding Y, Li DD, Li JJ, Li Y, Zhang XS. Low expression of CD80 predicts for poor prognosis in patients with gastric adenocarcinoma. Future Oncol 2019; 15:473-483. [PMID: 30628844 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2018-0420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To study the expression and prognostic significance of CD80 in patients with gastric adenocarcinoma. Materials & methods: Real-time quantitative PCR, western blot and immunohistochemistry were performed to detect the expression of CD80 in gastric cancer tissues and matched adjacent normal tissues. Double immunohistochemical staining was performed to preliminary examine the relationship between CD80+ cells and CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes. RESULTS The expression of CD80 was downregulated in tumor tissues compared with normal tissues (p = 0.002). Immunohistochemistry analysis showed that 49 (39.8%) of 123 patients with gastric cancer demonstrated reduced CD80 expression, which was correlated with the tumor differentiation grade. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that reduced CD80 expression independently predicts a poor prognosis in patients with gastric adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Yu Feng
- Biotherapy Center, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou 510060, PR China.,Department of General Surgery, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology. 106 Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou 510080, PR China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou 510060, PR China
| | - Lin Lu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510180, PR China.,Department of Medical Oncology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, 602 Renminbei Road, Guangzhou 510180, PR China
| | - Ke-Feng Wang
- Biotherapy Center, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou 510060, PR China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou 510060, PR China
| | - Bao-Yan Zhu
- Biotherapy Center, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou 510060, PR China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou 510060, PR China
| | - Xi-Zhi Wen
- Biotherapy Center, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou 510060, PR China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou 510060, PR China
| | - Rui-Qing Peng
- Biotherapy Center, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou 510060, PR China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou 510060, PR China
| | - Ya Ding
- Biotherapy Center, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou 510060, PR China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou 510060, PR China
| | - Dan-Dan Li
- Biotherapy Center, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou 510060, PR China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou 510060, PR China
| | - Jing-Jing Li
- Biotherapy Center, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou 510060, PR China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou 510060, PR China
| | - Yong Li
- Department of General Surgery, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology. 106 Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou 510080, PR China
| | - Xiao-Shi Zhang
- Biotherapy Center, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou 510060, PR China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou 510060, PR China
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38
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Jitschin R, Saul D, Braun M, Tohumeken S, Völkl S, Kischel R, Lutteropp M, Dos Santos C, Mackensen A, Mougiakakos D. CD33/CD3-bispecific T-cell engaging (BiTE®) antibody construct targets monocytic AML myeloid-derived suppressor cells. J Immunother Cancer 2018; 6:116. [PMID: 30396365 PMCID: PMC6217777 DOI: 10.1186/s40425-018-0432-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is the most common acute leukemia amongst adults with a 5-year overall survival lower than 30%. Emerging evidence suggest that immune alterations favor leukemogenesis and/or AML relapse thereby negatively impacting disease outcome. Over the last years myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) have been gaining momentum in the field of cancer research. MDSCs are a heterogeneous cell population morphologically resembling either monocytes or granulocytes and sharing some key features including myeloid origin, aberrant (immature) phenotype, and immunosuppressive activity. Increasing evidence suggests that accumulating MDSCs are involved in hampering anti-tumor immune responses and immune-based therapies. Here, we demonstrate increased frequencies of CD14+ monocytic MDSCs in newly diagnosed AML that co-express CD33 but lack HLA-DR (HLA-DRlo). AML-blasts induce HLA-DRlo cells from healthy donor-derived monocytes in vitro that suppress T-cells and express indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase (IDO). We investigated whether a CD33/CD3-bispecific BiTE® antibody construct (AMG 330) with pre-clinical activity against AML-blasts by redirection of T-cells can eradicate CD33+ MDSCs. In fact, T-cells eliminate IDO+CD33+ MDSCs in the presence of AMG 330. Depletion of total CD14+ cells (including MDSCs) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from AML patients did not enhance AMG 330-triggered T-cell activation and expansion, but boosted AML-blast lysis. This finding was corroborated in experiments showing that adding MDSCs into co-cultures of T- and AML-cells reduced AML-blast killing, while IDO inhibition promotes AMG 330-mediated clearance of AML-blasts. Taken together, our results suggest that AMG 330 may achieve anti-leukemic efficacy not only through T-cell-mediated cytotoxicity against AML-blasts but also against CD33+ MDSCs, suggesting that it is worth exploring the predictive role of MDSCs for responsiveness towards an AMG 330-based therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina Jitschin
- Department of Internal Medicine 5, Hematology and Oncology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Ulmenweg 18, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Domenica Saul
- Department of Internal Medicine 5, Hematology and Oncology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Ulmenweg 18, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Martina Braun
- Department of Internal Medicine 5, Hematology and Oncology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Ulmenweg 18, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sehmus Tohumeken
- Department of Internal Medicine 5, Hematology and Oncology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Ulmenweg 18, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Simon Völkl
- Department of Internal Medicine 5, Hematology and Oncology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Ulmenweg 18, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | | | | | - Cedric Dos Santos
- Clinical Biomarkers and Diagnostics, Amgen Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Andreas Mackensen
- Department of Internal Medicine 5, Hematology and Oncology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Ulmenweg 18, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Dimitrios Mougiakakos
- Department of Internal Medicine 5, Hematology and Oncology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Ulmenweg 18, 91054, Erlangen, Germany.
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39
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John S, Chen H, Deng M, Gui X, Wu G, Chen W, Li Z, Zhang N, An Z, Zhang CC. A Novel Anti-LILRB4 CAR-T Cell for the Treatment of Monocytic AML. Mol Ther 2018; 26:2487-2495. [PMID: 30131301 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2018.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
To effectively improve treatment for acute myeloid leukemia (AML), new molecular targets and therapeutic approaches need to be identified. Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-modified T cells targeting tumor-associated antigens have shown promise in the treatment of some malignancies. However, CAR-T cell development for AML has been limited by lack of an antigen with high specificity for AML cells that is not present on normal hematopoietic stem cells, and thus will not result in myelotoxicity. Here we demonstrate that leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor-B4 (LILRB4) is a tumor-associated antigen highly expressed on monocytic AML cells. We generated a novel anti-LILRB4 CAR-T cell that displays high antigen affinity and specificity. These CAR-T cells display efficient effector function in vitro and in vivo against LILRB4+ AML cells. Furthermore, we demonstrate anti-LILRB4 CAR-T cells are not toxic to normal CD34+ umbilical cord blood cells in colony-forming unit assays, nor in a humanized hematopoietic-reconstituted mouse model. Our data demonstrate that anti-LILRB4 CAR-T cells specifically target monocytic AML cells with no toxicity to normal hematopoietic progenitors. This work thus offers a new treatment strategy to improve outcomes for monocytic AML, with the potential for elimination of leukemic disease while minimizing the risk for on-target off-tumor toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel John
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Heyu Chen
- Department of Physiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Mi Deng
- Department of Physiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Xun Gui
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Houston Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Guojin Wu
- Department of Physiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Weina Chen
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Zunling Li
- Department of Physiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Ningyan Zhang
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Houston Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Zhiqiang An
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Houston Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Cheng Cheng Zhang
- Department of Physiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
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40
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Jørgensen MA, Holmström MO, Martinenaite E, Riley CH, Hasselbalch HC, Andersen MH. Spontaneous T-cell responses against Arginase-1 in the chronic myeloproliferative neoplasms relative to disease stage and type of driver mutation. Oncoimmunology 2018; 7:e1468957. [PMID: 30228936 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2018.1468957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Compelling evidence supports the existence of a profound immune dysregulation in patients with chronic myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN). Increased Arginase-1 expression has been described in MPN patients and in solid cancers. This increase contributes to an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment in MPN patients because of L-arginine depletion by Arginase-1-expressing regulatory cells and cancer cells, which subsequently limits the activation of circulating effector cells. In the present study, we demonstrate that Arginase-1-derived peptides are recognized by T cells among peripheral mononuclear blood cells from MPN patients. We characterized the Arginase-1-specific T cells as being CD4+ and found that the magnitude of response to the Arginase-1 peptides depends on disease stage. Activation of Arginase-1-specific T cells by vaccination could be an attractive novel immunotherapeutic approach to targeting malignant and suppressive cells in MPN patients in combination with other immunotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mia Aaboe Jørgensen
- Center for Cancer Immune Therapy, Department of Hematology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Morten Orebo Holmström
- Center for Cancer Immune Therapy, Department of Hematology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark.,Deparmtent of Hematology, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Evelina Martinenaite
- Center for Cancer Immune Therapy, Department of Hematology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | | | | | - Mads Hald Andersen
- Center for Cancer Immune Therapy, Department of Hematology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark.,Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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41
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Roulston GDR, Burt CL, Kettyle LMJ, Matchett KB, Keenan HL, Mulgrew NM, Ramsey JM, Dougan C, McKiernan J, Grishagin IV, Mills KI, Thompson A. Low-dose salinomycin induces anti-leukemic responses in AML and MLL. Oncotarget 2018; 7:73448-73461. [PMID: 27612428 PMCID: PMC5341990 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Development of anti-cancer drugs towards clinical application is costly and inefficient. Large screens of drugs, efficacious for non-cancer disease, are currently being used to identify candidates for repurposing based on their anti-cancer properties. Here, we show that low-dose salinomycin, a coccidiostat ionophore previously identified in a breast cancer screen, has anti-leukemic efficacy. AML and MLLr cell lines, primary cells and patient samples were sensitive to submicromolar salinomycin. Most strikingly, colony formation of normal hematopoietic cells was unaffected by salinomycin, demonstrating a lack of hemotoxicity at the effective concentrations. Furthermore, salinomycin treatment of primary cells resulted in loss of leukemia repopulation ability following transplantation, as demonstrated by extended recipient survival compared to controls. Bioinformatic analysis of a 17-gene signature identified and validated in primary MLLr cells, uncovered immunomodulatory pathways, hubs and protein interactions as potential transducers of low dose salinomycin treatment. Additionally, increased protein expression of p62/Sqstm1, encoded for by one of the 17 signature genes, demonstrates a role for salinomycin in aggresome/vesicle formation indicative of an autophagic response. Together, the data support the efficacy of salinomycin as an anti-leukemic at non-hemotoxic concentrations. Further investigation alone or in combination with other therapies is warranted for future clinical trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary D R Roulston
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT9 7AE, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Charlotte L Burt
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT9 7AE, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Laura M J Kettyle
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT9 7AE, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Kyle B Matchett
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT9 7AE, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Heather L Keenan
- Cambridge University School of Clinical Medicine, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 0SP, United Kingdom
| | - Nuala M Mulgrew
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT9 7AE, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Joanne M Ramsey
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT9 7AE, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Caoifa Dougan
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT9 7AE, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - John McKiernan
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT9 7AE, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Ivan V Grishagin
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT9 7AE, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Ken I Mills
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT9 7AE, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander Thompson
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT9 7AE, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom.,Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, Wolfson Centre for Stem Cells, Tissue Engineering & Modelling (STEM), University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
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42
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Nahas MR, Rosenblatt J, Lazarus HM, Avigan D. Anti-cancer vaccine therapy for hematologic malignancies: An evolving era. Blood Rev 2018; 32:312-325. [PMID: 29475779 DOI: 10.1016/j.blre.2018.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2017] [Revised: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The potential promise of therapeutic vaccination as effective therapy for hematologic malignancies is supported by the observation that allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation is curative for a subset of patients due to the graft-versus-tumor effect mediated by alloreactive lymphocytes. Tumor vaccines are being explored as a therapeutic strategy to re-educate host immunity to recognize and target malignant cells through the activation and expansion of effector cell populations. Via several mechanisms, tumor cells induce T cell dysfunction and senescence, amplifying and maintaining tumor cell immunosuppressive effects, resulting in failure of clinical trials of tumor vaccines and adoptive T cell therapies. The fundamental premise of successful vaccine design involves the introduction of tumor-associated antigens in the context of effective antigen presentation so that tolerance can be reversed and a productive response can be generated. With the increasing understanding of the role of both the tumor and tumor microenvironment in fostering immune tolerance, vaccine therapy is being explored in the context of immunomodulatory therapies. The most effective strategy may be to use combination therapies such as anti-cancer vaccines with checkpoint blockade to target critical aspects of this environment in an effort to prevent the re-establishment of tumor tolerance while limiting toxicity associated with autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myrna R Nahas
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Jacalyn Rosenblatt
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hillard M Lazarus
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - David Avigan
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
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43
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Grateau A, Le Maréchal M, Labussière-Wallet H, Ducastelle-Leprêtre S, Nicolini FE, Thomas X, Morisset S, Michallet M, Ader F. Chronic disseminated candidiasis and acute leukemia: Impact on survival and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation agenda. Med Mal Infect 2018; 48:202-206. [PMID: 29307444 DOI: 10.1016/j.medmal.2017.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Revised: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To study the management of chronic disseminated candidiasis (CDC) in patients presenting with acute leukemia. PATIENTS AND METHODS Single-center retrospective study of acute leukemia patients (2006-2015) to investigate three aspects of CDC: its impact on the time interval between diagnosis and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, when required (non-parametric Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test); its impact on overall survival (Cox proportional hazard regression model); antifungal therapeutic strategies implemented. RESULTS A total of 639 patients presenting with acute leukemia were included; 144 were transplanted and 29 developed CDC. CDC did not significantly increase the time interval between diagnosis and transplantation, nor did it impact the overall survival of recipients. An improved overall survival was observed in non-transplanted acute leukemia patients presenting with CDC. CONCLUSION CDC should not postpone transplantation if antifungal treatment is optimized.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Grateau
- Département d'hématologie, centre hospitalier Lyon-Sud, hospices civils de Lyon, 69495 Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - M Le Maréchal
- Université de Lorraine, EA 4360 APEMAC, Nancy, France; Département de santé publique, CHU de Nice, Nice, France
| | - H Labussière-Wallet
- Département d'hématologie, centre hospitalier Lyon-Sud, hospices civils de Lyon, 69495 Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - S Ducastelle-Leprêtre
- Département d'hématologie, centre hospitalier Lyon-Sud, hospices civils de Lyon, 69495 Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - F-E Nicolini
- Département d'hématologie, centre hospitalier Lyon-Sud, hospices civils de Lyon, 69495 Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - X Thomas
- Département d'hématologie, centre hospitalier Lyon-Sud, hospices civils de Lyon, 69495 Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - S Morisset
- Département d'hématologie, centre hospitalier Lyon-Sud, hospices civils de Lyon, 69495 Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - M Michallet
- Département d'hématologie, centre hospitalier Lyon-Sud, hospices civils de Lyon, 69495 Pierre-Bénite, France; Département de maladies infectieuses et tropicales, hospices civils de Lyon, 69004 Lyon, France
| | - F Ader
- Département de maladies infectieuses et tropicales, hospices civils de Lyon, 69004 Lyon, France; Inserm U1111 CIRI, université Claude-Bernard-Lyon 1, Lyon, France.
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44
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Martinenaite E, Mortensen REJ, Hansen M, Orebo Holmström M, Munir Ahmad S, Grønne Dahlager Jørgensen N, Met Ö, Donia M, Svane IM, Andersen MH. Frequent adaptive immune responses against arginase-1. Oncoimmunology 2017; 7:e1404215. [PMID: 29399404 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2017.1404215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Revised: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The enzyme arginase-1 reduces the availability of arginine to tumor-infiltrating immune cells, thus reducing T-cell functionality in the tumor milieu. Arginase-1 is expressed by some cancer cells and by immune inhibitory cells, such as myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), and its expression is associated with poor prognosis. In the present study, we divided the arginase-1 protein sequence into overlapping 20-amino-acid-long peptides, generating a library of 31 peptides covering the whole arginase-1 sequence. Reactivity towards this peptide library was examined in PBMCs from cancer patients and healthy individuals. IFNγ ELISPOT revealed frequent immune responses against multiple arginase-1-derived peptides. We further identified a hot-spot region within the arginase-1 protein sequence containing multiple epitopes recognized by T cells. Next, we examined in vitro-expanded tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) isolated from melanoma patients, and detected arginase-1-specific T cells that reacted against epitopes from the hot-spot region. Arginase-1-specific CD4+T cells could be isolated and expanded from peripheral T cell pool of a patient with melanoma, and further demonstrated the specificity and reactivity of these T cells. Overall, we showed that arginase-1-specific T cells were capable of recognizing arginase-1-expressing cells. The activation of arginase-1-specific T cells by vaccination is an attractive approach to target arginase-1-expressing malignant cells and inhibitory immune cells. In the clinical setting, the induction of arginase-1-specific immune responses could induce or increase Th1 inflammation at the sites of tumors that are otherwise excluded due to infiltration with MDSCs and TAMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelina Martinenaite
- Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT), Department of Hematology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | | | - Morten Hansen
- Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT), Department of Hematology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Morten Orebo Holmström
- Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT), Department of Hematology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark.,Department of Hematology, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Shamaila Munir Ahmad
- Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT), Department of Hematology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | | | - Özcan Met
- Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT), Department of Hematology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark.,Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev, Herlev, Denmark.,Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marco Donia
- Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT), Department of Hematology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark.,Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Inge Marie Svane
- Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT), Department of Hematology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark.,Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Mads Hald Andersen
- Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT), Department of Hematology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark.,Department of Hematology, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark
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45
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Ahmad SM, Martinenaite E, Holmström M, Jørgensen MA, Met Ö, Nastasi C, Klausen U, Donia M, Pedersen LM, Munksgaard L, Ødum N, Woetmann A, Svane IM, Andersen MH. The inhibitory checkpoint, PD-L2, is a target for effector T cells: Novel possibilities for immune therapy. Oncoimmunology 2017; 7:e1390641. [PMID: 29308318 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2017.1390641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Revised: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell surface molecules of the B7/CD28 family play an important role in T-cell activation and tolerance. The relevance of the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway in cancer has been extensively studied whereas PD-L2 has received less attention. However, recently the expression of PD-L2 was described to be independently associated with clinical response in anti-PD1-treated cancer patients. Here, we investigated whether PD-L2 might represent a natural target that induces specific T cells. We identified spontaneous specific T-cell reactivity against two epitopes located in the signal peptide of PD-L2 from samples from patients with cancer as well as healthy individuals ex vivo. We characterized both CD8+ and CD4+ PD-L2-specific T cells. Interestingly, the epitope in PD-L2 that elicited the strongest response was equivalent to a potent HLA-A2-restricted epitope in PD-L1. Importantly, PD-L1-specific and PD-L2-specific T cells did not cross-react; therefore, they represent different T-cell antigens. Moreover, PD-L2-specific T cells reacted to autologous target cells depending on PD-L2 expression. These results suggested that activating PD-L2 specific T cells (e.g., by vaccination) might be an attractive strategy for anti-cancer immunotherapy. Accordingly, PD-L2 specific T cells can directly support anti-cancer immunity by killing of target cells, as well as, indirectly, by releasing pro-inflammatory cytokines at the microenvironment in response to PD-L2-expressing immune supressive cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamaila Munir Ahmad
- Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT), Department of Hematology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, DK-2730 Herlev, Denmark
| | - Evelina Martinenaite
- Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT), Department of Hematology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, DK-2730 Herlev, Denmark
| | - Morten Holmström
- Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT), Department of Hematology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, DK-2730 Herlev, Denmark.,Department of Hematology, Zealand University Hospital, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Mia Aaboe Jørgensen
- Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT), Department of Hematology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, DK-2730 Herlev, Denmark
| | - Özcan Met
- Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT), Department of Hematology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, DK-2730 Herlev, Denmark.,Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, DK-2730 Herlev, Denmark.,Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Claudia Nastasi
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Uffe Klausen
- Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT), Department of Hematology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, DK-2730 Herlev, Denmark
| | - Marco Donia
- Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT), Department of Hematology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, DK-2730 Herlev, Denmark.,Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, DK-2730 Herlev, Denmark
| | - Lars Møller Pedersen
- Department of hematology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, DK-2730 Herlev, Denmark
| | - Lars Munksgaard
- Department of Hematology, Zealand University Hospital, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Niels Ødum
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anders Woetmann
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Inge Marie Svane
- Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT), Department of Hematology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, DK-2730 Herlev, Denmark.,Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, DK-2730 Herlev, Denmark
| | - Mads Hald Andersen
- Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT), Department of Hematology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, DK-2730 Herlev, Denmark.,Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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46
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Zhang HF, Huang ZD, Wu XR, Li Q, Yu ZF. Comparison of T lymphocyte subsets in aplastic anemia and hypoplastic myelodysplastic syndromes. Life Sci 2017; 189:71-75. [PMID: 28935248 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2017.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Revised: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
AIMS This study aims to compare the proportion of peripheral blood T lymphocyte subsets and related blood cell and bone marrow cytology indexes between patients with aplastic anemia (AA) and hypoplastic myelodysplastic syndrome (hypo-MDS), and investigate the clinical identification significance. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 41 patients with AA and 46 patients with hypo-MDS were collected, and the proportions of peripheral blood T lymphocyte subsets, CD3-CD16/CD56+NK cells, CD3+CD57+T-LGL cells and CD19+B lymphocytes were detected by flow cytometry. KEY FINDINGS The CD4+/CD8+ ratio decreased in the AA and hypo-MDS groups, and the difference was statistically significant when compared with that in the control group (P<0.05). However, there was no significant difference between AA and hypo-MDS groups (P>0.05). The proportions of CD3-CD16/CD56+NK cells and CD3+CD57+T-LGL cells in the hypo-MDS group were distinctly higher than those in the AA group (P<0.05). However, the proportion of CD19+B lymphocyte was obviously lower than that in the AA group (P<0.05). Furthermore, the proportions of reticulocytes, bone marrow progenitor cells and immature red blood cells in the hypo-MDS group were significantly more than those in the AA group (P<0.05), and the proportion of mature lymphocytes in the hypo-MDS group was distinctly lower than that in the AA group (P<0.05). SIGNIFICANCE Changes of T lymphocyte subsets and the proportions of large granular lymphocytes and B lymphocytes can be utilized as indexes in the differential diagnosis between AA and hypo-MDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Fang Zhang
- Department of Chinese Medicine, School of Chinese Medicine Engineering, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, PR China
| | - Zhen-Dong Huang
- Department of Hematology, Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Tianjin 300020, PR China
| | - Xue-Run Wu
- Department of Chinese Medicine, School of Chinese Medicine Engineering, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, PR China
| | - Qian Li
- Department of Chinese Medicine, School of Chinese Medicine Engineering, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, PR China
| | - Zhi-Feng Yu
- Department of Chinese Medicine, School of Chinese Medicine Engineering, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, PR China.
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47
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Fowler NH, Cheah CY, Gascoyne RD, Gribben J, Neelapu SS, Ghia P, Bollard C, Ansell S, Curran M, Wilson WH, O'Brien S, Grant C, Little R, Zenz T, Nastoupil LJ, Dunleavy K. Role of the tumor microenvironment in mature B-cell lymphoid malignancies. Haematologica 2017; 101:531-40. [PMID: 27132279 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2015.139493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment is the cellular and molecular environment in which the tumor exists and with which it continuously interacts. In B-cell lymphomas, this microenvironment is intriguing in that it plays critical roles in the regulation of tumor cell survival and proliferation, fostering immune escape as well as the development of treatment resistance. The purpose of this review is to summarize the proceedings of the Second Annual Summit on the Immune Microenvironment in Hematologic Malignancies that took place on September 11-12, 2014 in Dublin, Ireland. We provide a timely overview of the composition and biological relevance of the cellular and molecular microenvironment interface and discuss the role of interactions between the microenvironment and neoplastic cells in a variety of B-cell lymphomas. In addition, we focus on various novel therapeutic strategies that target the tumor microenvironment, including agents that modulate B-cell receptor pathways and immune-checkpoints, chimeric antigen receptor T cells and immunomodulatory agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan H Fowler
- Department of Lymphoma/Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Chan Yoon Cheah
- Department of Lymphoma/Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA Department of Haematology, Pathwest Laboratory Medicine WA and Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, Western Australia University of Western Australia, Perth, Canada
| | - Randy D Gascoyne
- British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - John Gribben
- Department of Haemato-Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | - Sattva S Neelapu
- Department of Lymphoma/Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Paolo Ghia
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Scientifico San Raffaele, Milan, Italy Department of Onco-Hematology, Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | - Michael Curran
- Department of Lymphoma/Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Wyndham H Wilson
- Lymphoid Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | | | - Richard Little
- Cancer Therapeutic Evaluation Program, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Loretta J Nastoupil
- Department of Lymphoma/Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kieron Dunleavy
- Lymphoid Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
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48
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Abstract
Fungal pneumonias cause unacceptable morbidity among patients with hematologic malignancies (HM) and recipients of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). The high incidence of fungal pneumonias in HM/HSCT populations arises from their frequently severe, complex, and persistent immune dysfunction caused by the underlying disease and its treatment. The cytopenias, treatment toxicities, and other immune derangements that make patients susceptible to fungal pneumonia frequently complicate its diagnosis and increase the intensity and duration of antifungal therapy. This article addresses the host factors that contribute to susceptibility, summarizes diagnostic recommendations, and reviews current guidelines for management of fungal pneumonia in patients with HM/HSCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisha Y Young
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Health Sciences Center, 6431 Fannin Street, MSB 1.434, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Miguel M Leiva Juarez
- Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Pulmonary Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Unit 1100, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Scott E Evans
- Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Pulmonary Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Unit 1100, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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49
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Abstract
The field of immunotherapy in cancer treatments has been accelerating over recent years and has entered the forefront as a leading area of ongoing research and promising therapies that have changed the treatment landscape for a variety of solid malignancies. Prior to its designation as the Science Breakthrough of the Year in 2013, cancer immunotherapy was active in the treatment of hematologic malignancies. This review provides a broad overview of the past, present, and potential future of immunotherapy in hematologic malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annie Im
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, 5150 Centre Ave, Suite 554, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA
| | - Steven Z. Pavletic
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
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50
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Ye B, Stary CM, Gao Q, Wang Q, Zeng Z, Jian Z, Gu L, Xiong X. Genetically Modified T-Cell-Based Adoptive Immunotherapy in Hematological Malignancies. J Immunol Res 2017; 2017:5210459. [PMID: 28116322 DOI: 10.1155/2017/5210459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A significant proportion of hematological malignancies remain limited in treatment options. Immune system modulation serves as a promising therapeutic approach to eliminate malignant cells. Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) play a central role in antitumor immunity; unfortunately, nonspecific approaches for targeted recognition of tumor cells by CTLs to mediate tumor immune evasion in hematological malignancies imply multiple mechanisms, which may or may not be clinically relevant. Recently, genetically modified T-cell-based adoptive immunotherapy approaches, including chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy and engineered T-cell receptor (TCR) T-cell therapy, promise to overcome immune evasion by redirecting the specificity of CTLs to tumor cells. In clinic trials, CAR-T-cell- and TCR-T-cell-based adoptive immunotherapy have produced encouraging clinical outcomes, thereby demonstrating their therapeutic potential in mitigating tumor development. The purpose of the present review is to (1) provide a detailed overview of the multiple mechanisms for immune evasion related with T-cell-based therapies; (2) provide a current summary of the applications of CAR-T-cell- as well as neoantigen-specific TCR-T-cell-based adoptive immunotherapy and routes taken to overcome immune evasion; and (3) evaluate alternative approaches targeting immune evasion via optimization of CAR-T and TCR-T-cell immunotherapies.
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