1
|
Acosta-Medina AA, Abeykoon JP, Go RS, Goyal G, Ravindran A, Schram SM, Rech KL. BRAF testing modalities in histiocytic disorders: Comparative analysis and proposed testing algorithm. Am J Clin Pathol 2023; 160:483-489. [PMID: 37458275 DOI: 10.1093/ajcp/aqad076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Understanding of histiocytic disorders has been revolutionized by demonstration of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway mutations, most commonly BRAFV600E. The optimal testing strategy to assess BRAFV600E is unknown. We aimed to compare performance of testing modalities, to propose a framework for evaluation of BRAFV600E mutation status in histiocytic disorders. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed patients with histiocytic disorders and BRAF mutation testing on a lesional tissue specimen. RESULTS In 120 patients, BRAF assessment included immunohistochemistry (IHC) in 97 (80.2%), polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in 35 (28.9%), and next-generation sequencing (NGS) in 62 (51.2%). Forty-five underwent both NGS and IHC. With NGS as the gold standard, the sensitivity and specificity of IHC were 82.4% and 96.4%. Three false negatives were observed in biopsy specimens with low BRAFV600E variant allele frequency or decalcified tissue. One false-positive IHC was observed in a lung biopsy specimen, likely due to antibody cross-reactivity with respiratory cilia. Among 14 with successful NGS and PCR, a single discordance was observed. Two PCR-to-IHC discrepancies were observed, including one other false-positive IHC. CONCLUSIONS Immunohistochemistry was highly specific for detection of BRAFV600E. Main caveats were false negatives and lack of detection of non-BRAFV600E mutations. We propose the use of IHC as initial screening in general practice with reflex molecular testing if negative.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ronald S Go
- Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, US
| | - Gaurav Goyal
- Division of Hematology-Oncology and University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, US
| | - Aishwarya Ravindran
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, US
| | | | - Karen L Rech
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, US
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Betto F, Chiricosta L, Mazzon E. An In Silico Analysis Reveals Sustained Upregulation of Neuroprotective Genes in the Post-Stroke Human Brain. Brain Sci 2023; 13:986. [PMID: 37508918 PMCID: PMC10377198 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13070986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is a cerebrovascular disease caused by an interruption of blood flow to the brain, thus determining a lack of oxygen and nutrient supply. The ischemic event leads to the activation of several molecular signaling pathways involved in inflammation and the production of reactive oxygen species, causing irreversible neuronal damage. Several studies have focused on the acute phase of ischemic stroke. It is not clear if this traumatic event can influence some of the molecular processes in the affected area even years after the clinical event. In our study, we performed an in silico analysis using freely available raw data with the purpose of evaluating the transcriptomic state of post-mortem brain tissue. The samples were taken from non-fatal ischemic stroke patients, meaning that they suffered an ischemic stroke and lived for a period of about 2 years after the event. These samples were compared with healthy controls. The aim was to evaluate possible recovery processes useful to mitigating neuronal damage and the detrimental consequences of stroke. Our results highlighted differentially expressed genes codifying for proteins along with long non-coding genes with anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant functions. This suggests that even after an amount of time from the ischemic insult, different neuroprotective mechanisms are activated to ameliorate brain conditions and repair post-stroke neuronal injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Federica Betto
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi "Bonino-Pulejo", Via Provinciale Palermo, Contrada Casazza, 98124 Messina, Italy
| | - Luigi Chiricosta
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi "Bonino-Pulejo", Via Provinciale Palermo, Contrada Casazza, 98124 Messina, Italy
| | - Emanuela Mazzon
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi "Bonino-Pulejo", Via Provinciale Palermo, Contrada Casazza, 98124 Messina, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Mamat @ Yusof MN, Ch’ng ES, Radhiah Abdul Rahman N. BRAF V600E Mutation in Ameloblastoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14225593. [PMID: 36428683 PMCID: PMC9688909 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14225593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The discovery that ameloblastoma has a high mutation incidence of BRAF V600E may enable a better investigation of pathophysiology. However, there is inconsistent evidence regarding this mutation occurrence and its association with clinical information. This systematic review and meta-analysis aim to pool the overall mutation prevalence of BRAF V600E in reported ameloblastoma cases and to determine its association with patient demographic and clinicopathological features. Following the PRISMA guidelines, a comprehensive article search was conducted through four databases (Scopus, Google Scholar, PubMed, and Web of Science). Seventeen articles between 2014 and 2022 met the inclusion criteria with 833 ameloblastoma cases. For each included study, the significance of BRAF V600E on the outcome parameters was determined using odd ratios and 95% confidence intervals. Meta-analysis prevalence of BRAF V600E in ameloblastoma was 70.49%, and a significant meta-analysis association was reported for those younger than 54 years old and in the mandible. On the contrary, other factors, such as sex, histological variants, and recurrence, were insignificant. As a result of the significant outcome of BRAF V600E mutation in ameloblastoma pathogenesis, targeted therapy formulation can be developed with this handful of evidence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Nazzary Mamat @ Yusof
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute (AMDI), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kepala Batas 13200, Malaysia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Ewe Seng Ch’ng
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute (AMDI), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kepala Batas 13200, Malaysia
| | - Nawal Radhiah Abdul Rahman
- Department of Dental Science, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute (AMDI), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kepala Batas 13200, Malaysia
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Lin DL, Ding L, Shao SH, Xin FJ, Zhang LX, Li GQ, Zhao P. Bronchiolar adenoma-like tumour with monolayered component: Represent malignant transformation of bronchiolar adenoma? A series of five cases. Pathol Res Pract 2022; 238:154079. [PMID: 35988356 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2022.154079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary bronchiolar adenoma (BA) is a rare lung tumour, it is unclear whether BA can develop into a malignancy. We presented five cases of BA-like tumour with monolayered components. This type of tumour may represent the malignant transformation of BA. Histologically, these tumours showed acinar and lepidic growth patterns. The acinar components were well-differentiated. The glandular tumour cells in these tumours contained cuboidal to columnar cells resembling type II pneumocytes or club (Clara) cells. A small number of mucinous cells were found in two cases. A few scattered ciliated cells were detected in three cases. The ciliated cells only existed in the bilayered components. The basal cells were highlighted by CK5/6 and p40 in a partial region of the tumour rather than in the entire tumour. The glandular tumour cells, including those in the bilayered component, were diffusely positive for TTF-1 and napsin-A. EGFR Exon19 deletions were found in four cases, and BRAF V600E mutation was found in one case. These BA-like tumours have biphasic morphological and molecular characteristics of BA and lung adenocarcinoma, suggesting distal-type BA may develop into a malignancy. More cases should be studied and especially cases with metastasis should be searched to further prove the malignant transformation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Liang Lin
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Li Ding
- Medical Affairs Department, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Shi-Hong Shao
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Fang-Jie Xin
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Long-Xiao Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Guang-Qi Li
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Peng Zhao
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Bi WL, Santagata S. Skull Base Tumors: Neuropathology and Clinical Implications. Neurosurgery 2022; 90:243-261. [PMID: 34164689 DOI: 10.1093/neuros/nyab209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumors that arise in and around the skull base comprise a wide range of common and rare entities. Recent studies have advanced our understanding of their pathogenesis, which in some cases, have significantly influenced clinical practice. The genotype of meningiomas is strongly associated with their phenotype, including histologic subtype and tumor location, and clinical outcome. A single molecular alteration, NAB2-STAT6 fusion, has redefined the category of solitary fibrous tumors to include the previous entity hemangiopericytomas. Schwannomas, both sporadic and familial, are characterized by near ubiquitous alterations in NF2 , with additional mutations in SMARCB1 or LZTR1 in schwannomatosis. In pituitary adenohypophyseal tumors, cell lineage transcription factors such as SF-1, T-PIT, and PIT-1 are now essential for classification, providing a more rigorous taxonomy for tumors that were previously considered null cell adenomas. The pituicyte lineage transcription factor TTF-1 defines neurohypophyseal tumors, which may represent a single nosological entity with a spectrum of morphologic manifestations (ie, granular cell tumor, pituicytoma, and spindle cell oncocytoma). Likewise, the notochord cell lineage transcription factor brachyury defines chordoma, discriminating them from chondrosarcomas. The identification of nonoverlapping genetic drivers of adamantinomatous craniopharyngiomas and papillary craniopharyngiomas indicates that these are distinct tumor entities and has led to successful targeted treatment of papillary craniopharyngiomas using BRAF and/or mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitors. Similarly, dramatic therapeutic responses have been achieved in patients with Langerhans cell histiocytosis, both with BRAF -mutant and BRAF -wildtype tumors. Familiarity with the pathology of skull base tumors, their natural history, and molecular features is essential for optimizing patient care.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenya Linda Bi
- Center for Skull Base and Pituitary Surgery, Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Boston , Massachusetts , USA
| | - Sandro Santagata
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Boston , Massachusetts , USA
- Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School , Boston , Massachusetts , USA
- Ludwig Center at Harvard, Harvard Medical School , Boston , Massachusetts , USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Hwang I, Choi YL, Lee H, Hwang S, Lee B, Yang H, Chelakkot C, Han J. Selection Strategies and Practical Application of BRAF V600E-mutated Non-Small Cell Lung Carcinoma. Cancer Res Treat 2021; 54:782-792. [PMID: 34844291 PMCID: PMC9296927 DOI: 10.4143/crt.2021.843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The incidence of BRAF V600E mutation in non–small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) is lower than 2%, which poses difficulties in finding legitimate patients for targeted therapy. We investigated the predictive factors pertaining to BRAF V600E and the effectiveness of the VE1 antibody as a screening method for patient selection. Materials and Methods The study was designed into two steps. In a first group, BRAF-mutated NSCLCs were identified from sequencing data to determine the features of BRAF V600E mutation. The results of the first group helped the collection of adenocarcinomas with a papillary or micropapillary pattern but without epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) or anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) alterations as a second group so that the frequency of BRAF V600E mutation could be calculated. The sensitivity and specificity of the VE1 were compared with BRAF V600E status. Results Among 39 BRAF-mutated NSCLCs in the first group, 20 (51%) were V600E. BRAF V600E mutation was more common in female patients and showed no significant correlation with smoking status. Nineteen cases were adenocarcinomas without EGFR and ALK alterations. The most common patterns of invasion were papillary and micropapillary along with central fibrosis. The sensitivity and specificity of the VE1 were 90.0% and 92.3%, respectively. In the second group, 6.7% of cases were VE1-positive, indicating that the prevalence was significantly higher than that reported in previous studies (0.3%–1.8%). Conclusion BRAF V600E-mutated NSCLCs could be enriched with the application of clinicopathologic parameters, which are not perfect. Therefore, additional VE1 immunohistochemistry may be useful as a screening method.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Inwoo Hwang
- Department of Pathology and Translational Genomics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yoon-La Choi
- Department of Pathology and Translational Genomics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Samsung Advanced Institute of Health Science and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Lab of Cancer Genomics and Molecular Pathology, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyunwoo Lee
- Department of Pathology and Translational Genomics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soohyun Hwang
- Department of Pathology and Translational Genomics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Boram Lee
- Department of Pathology and Translational Genomics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Samsung Advanced Institute of Health Science and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hobin Yang
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | | | - Joungho Han
- Department of Pathology and Translational Genomics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Fukuhara N, Iwata T, Inoshita N, Yoshimoto K, Kitagawa M, Fukuhara H, Tatsushima K, Yamaguchi-Okada M, Takeshita A, Ito J, Takeuchi Y, Yamada S, Nishioka H. Immunohistochemistry or Molecular Analysis: Which Method Is Better for Subtyping Craniopharyngioma? Endocr Pathol 2021; 32:262-268. [PMID: 32965631 DOI: 10.1007/s12022-020-09644-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Craniopharyngioma (CP) is mainly classified into two pathological subtypes: adamantinomatous (ACP) and papillary (PCP). CTNNB1 (β-catenin) mutations are detected in ACPs, and the BRAF V600E mutation is detected in PCPs. However, genetic analysis is not always possible in general medical practice. In this study, we investigated whether immunohistochemistry could replace genetic analysis as an aid in subtype diagnosis. Here, 38 CP patients who had undergone their first tumor resection were included. Among the 38 cases, 22 were morphologically diagnosed as ACP, 10 cases were diagnosed as PCP, and six cases were diagnosed as undetermined CP that were morphologically difficult to classify as either ACP or PCP. Results of immunohistochemistry and genetic analysis and clinical features were compared. Based on the immunohistochemistry, 26 (22 ACPs and four undetermined CPs) showed nuclear β-catenin expression, 11 (nine PCPs and two undetermined CPs) exhibited positive BRAF V600E immunostaining, and one PCP showed membranous β-catenin expression and negative BRAF V600E immunostaining. Among the 26 nuclear β-catenin expression cases, 11 had CTNNB1 mutations; however, 15 cases had mutations of neither CTNNB1 nor BRAF V600E. All 11 BRAF V600E immunopositive cases had BRAF V600E mutations. When comparing clinical features, pediatric patients and those with tumor calcification and less solid components on MRI more commonly had nuclear β-catenin expression tumors than BRAF V600E immunopositive tumors, reflecting the differences in clinical features between ACP and PCP. Accordingly, immunohistochemistry can replace genetic analysis as an aid to determine the subtype diagnosis of CP in general medical practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noriaki Fukuhara
- Department of Hypothalamic and Pituitary Surgery, Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Comprehensive Pathology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
- Okinaka Memorial Institute for Medical Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeo Iwata
- Department of Functional Morphology, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied life Sciences, Niigata, Japan
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Naoko Inoshita
- Department of Hypothalamic and Pituitary Surgery, Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
- Department of Comprehensive Pathology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.
- Okinaka Memorial Institute for Medical Research, Tokyo, Japan.
- Department of Pathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital and Institute of Gerontology, 35-2 Sakae-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-0015, Japan.
| | - Katsuhiko Yoshimoto
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Masanobu Kitagawa
- Department of Comprehensive Pathology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Fukuhara
- Department of Hypothalamic and Pituitary Surgery, Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keita Tatsushima
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Akira Takeshita
- Okinaka Memorial Institute for Medical Research, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junko Ito
- Department of Pediatrics, Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Takeuchi
- Okinaka Memorial Institute for Medical Research, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shozo Yamada
- Department of Hypothalamic and Pituitary Surgery, Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
- Okinaka Memorial Institute for Medical Research, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tokyo Neurological Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nishioka
- Department of Hypothalamic and Pituitary Surgery, Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
- Okinaka Memorial Institute for Medical Research, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Nakaguro M, Mino-Kenudson M, Urano M, Ogawa I, Honda Y, Hirai H, Tanigawa M, Sukeda A, Kajiwara N, Ohira T, Ikeda N, Mikami Y, Tada Y, Ikeda JI, Matsubayashi J, Faquin WC, Sadow PM, Nagao T. Sialadenoma Papilliferum of the Bronchus: An Unrecognized Bronchial Counterpart of the Salivary Gland Tumor With Frequent BRAF V600E Mutations. Am J Surg Pathol 2021; 45:662-671. [PMID: 33443864 PMCID: PMC8035241 DOI: 10.1097/pas.0000000000001657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Sialadenoma papilliferum (SP) is a rare benign tumor of the salivary glands, and only 3 unequivocal cases of SP arising in the bronchus have been reported. We herein describe the histomorphologic and molecular features of 4 bronchial SP cases and discuss the differential diagnosis of this entity and the relationship with its clinicopathologic mimics, in particular, glandular papilloma and mixed squamous cell and glandular papilloma (GP/MP). We encountered 2 male and 2 female patients with bronchial SP (mean: 66.8 y old). All 4 tumors arose in the central bronchus and were characterized by a combination of surface exophytic endobronchial papillary proliferation and a submucosal multicystic component with complex architecture. The neoplastic epithelium consisted predominantly of nonciliated stratified columnar cells with ciliated, squamous, and mucinous cells present focally. While 2 tumors (50%) harbored a BRAF V600E mutation by molecular and immunohistochemical analysis, similar to GP/MP, no KRAS, HRAS, AKT1, or PIK3CA mutations were detected in any of the cases. Two patients were treated with limited resection, while 2 patients underwent lobectomy based on the diagnosis of adenocarcinoma or possible squamous cell carcinoma in situ in the preoperative biopsy. All survived without recurrence or metastasis for 23 to 122 months after treatment. SP can develop in the central bronchus as the bronchial counterpart of the salivary gland tumor and should be considered in the differential diagnosis of endobronchial tumors. In addition, some histologic resemblance and frequent BRAF V600E mutation raise the possibility of SP and GP/MP being on the same disease spectrum.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masato Nakaguro
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Nagoya
University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and
Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Mari Mino-Kenudson
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and
Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Makoto Urano
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Fujita Health
University, School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Ikuko Ogawa
- Center of Oral Clinical Examination, Hiroshima University
Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yumi Honda
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Kumamoto University
Hospital, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hideaki Hirai
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Tokyo Medical University,
Tokyo, Japan
| | - Maki Tanigawa
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Tokyo Medical University,
Tokyo, Japan
| | - Aoi Sukeda
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Tokyo Medical University,
Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Tatsuo Ohira
- Department of Surgery, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo,
Japan
| | - Norihiko Ikeda
- Department of Surgery, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo,
Japan
| | - Yoshiki Mikami
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Kumamoto University
Hospital, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Tada
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology and Surgery,
International University of Health and Welfare Mita Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichiro Ikeda
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Chiba University
Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Jun Matsubayashi
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Tokyo Medical University,
Tokyo, Japan
| | - William C. Faquin
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and
Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Peter M. Sadow
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and
Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Toshitaka Nagao
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Tokyo Medical University,
Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Zhong PC, Shu R, Wu HW, Liu ZW, Shen XL, Hu YJ. Altered gene expression in glycolysis-cholesterol synthesis axis correlates with outcome of triple-negative breast cancer. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2021; 246:560-571. [PMID: 33243007 PMCID: PMC7934150 DOI: 10.1177/1535370220975206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Identification of molecular subtypes of clinically resectable triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is of great importance to achieve better clinical outcomes. Inter- and intratumor metabolic heterogeneity improves cancer survival, and the interaction of various metabolic pathways may affect treatment outcome of TNBC. We speculated that TNBC can be categorized into prognostic metabolic subtype according to the expression changes of glycolysis and cholesterol synthesis. The genome, transcriptome, and clinical data were downloaded from the Cancer Genome Atlas and Molecular Taxonomy of Breast Cancer International Consortium and subsequently analyzed by integrated bioinformatics methods. Four subtypes, namely, glycolytic, cholesterogenic, quiescent, and mixed, were classified according to the normalized median expressions of the genes involved in glycolysis and cholesterol synthesis. In the four subtypes, the cholesterogenic type was correlated with the shortest median survival (log rank P = 0.044), while patients with high-expressed glycolytic genes tended to have a longer survival. Tumors with PIK3CA amplification and dynein axonemal heavy chain 2 deletion exhibited higher expressions of cholesterogenic genes than other mutant oncogenes. The expressions of mitochondrial pyruvate carrier MPC1 and MPC2 were the lowest in quiescent tumor, and MPC2 expression was higher in cholesterogenic tumor compared with glycolytic or quiescent tumor (t-test P < 0.001). Glycolytic and cholesterogenic gene expressions were related to the expressions of prognostic genes in some other types of cancers. Classification of glycolytic and cholesterogenic pathways according to metabolic characteristics provides a new understanding to previously identified subtypes of TNBC and could improve personalized treatments based on tumor metabolic profiles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peng-Cheng Zhong
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510405, China
| | - Rong Shu
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510405, China
| | - Hui-Wen Wu
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510405, China
| | - Zhi-Wen Liu
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510405, China
| | - Xiao-Ling Shen
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510405, China
| | - Ying-Jie Hu
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510405, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Benson JC, Giannini C, Cohen Cohen S, Van Gompel J, Kim DK, Port J, Diehn F, Eckel L, Carr C. Optic Nerve Choristoma Mimicking a Neurenteric Cyst. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2021; 42:228-232. [PMID: 33303524 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a6892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Optic nerve choristomas are rare entities in which a developmental focus of histologically normal tissue is abnormally located within or along a segment of the optic nerve. Although benign, choristomas may demonstrate slow growth, ultimately resulting in visual field deficits due to compression of the adjacent nerve in the few cases reported in the anterior fossa. Choristomas may have cystic components, though this has not been described in such lesions along the optic nerve. Here, a predominantly cystic optic nerve choristoma is described, with radiologic features mimicking those of an anterior cranial fossa neurenteric cyst. The case highlights the radiology-pathology correlates of choristomas and reviews the surgical approach and management of patients with such lesions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J C Benson
- From the Departments of Radiology (J.C.B., D.K.K., J.P., F.D., L.E., C.C.)
| | | | - S Cohen Cohen
- Neurosurgery (S.C.C., J.V.G.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - J Van Gompel
- Neurosurgery (S.C.C., J.V.G.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - D K Kim
- From the Departments of Radiology (J.C.B., D.K.K., J.P., F.D., L.E., C.C.)
| | - J Port
- From the Departments of Radiology (J.C.B., D.K.K., J.P., F.D., L.E., C.C.)
| | - F Diehn
- From the Departments of Radiology (J.C.B., D.K.K., J.P., F.D., L.E., C.C.)
| | - L Eckel
- From the Departments of Radiology (J.C.B., D.K.K., J.P., F.D., L.E., C.C.)
| | - C Carr
- From the Departments of Radiology (J.C.B., D.K.K., J.P., F.D., L.E., C.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Lung J, Hung MS, Lin YC, Jiang YY, Fang YH, Lu MS, Hsieh CC, Wang CS, Kuan FC, Lu CH, Chen PT, Lin CM, Chou YL, Lin CK, Yang TM, Chen FF, Lin PY, Hsieh MJ, Tsai YH. A highly sensitive and specific real-time quantitative PCR for BRAF V600E/K mutation screening. Sci Rep 2020; 10:16943. [PMID: 33037234 PMCID: PMC7547094 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-72809-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations that lead to constitutive activation of key regulators in cellular processes are one of the most important drivers behind vigorous growth of cancer cells, and are thus prime targets in cancer treatment. BRAF V600E mutation transduces strong growth and survival signals for cancer cells, and is widely present in various types of cancers including lung cancer. A combination of BRAF inhibitor (dabrafenib) and MEK inhibitor (trametinib) has recently been approved and significantly improved the survival of patients with advanced NSCLC harboring BRAF V600E/K mutation. To improve the detection of BRAF V600E/K mutation and investigate the incidence and clinicopathological features of the mutation in lung cancer patients of southern Taiwan, a highly sensitive and specific real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) method, able to detect single-digit copies of mutant DNA, was established and compared with BRAF V600E-specific immunohistochemistry. Results showed that the BRAF V600E mutation was present at low frequency (0.65%, 2/306) in the studied patient group, and the detection sensitivity and specificity of the new RT-qPCR and V600E-specific immunohistochemistry both reached 100% and 97.6%, respectively. Screening the BRAF V600E/K mutation with the RT-qPCR and V600E-specific immunohistochemistry simultaneously could help improve detection accuracy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jrhau Lung
- Department of Medical Research and Development, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi Branch, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Szu Hung
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi Branch, Chiayi, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Respiratory Care, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Chiayi Campus, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ching Lin
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi Branch, Chiayi, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Respiratory Care, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Chiayi Campus, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Yuan Yuan Jiang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi Branch, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hung Fang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi Branch, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Shian Lu
- Division of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi Branch, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Chuan Hsieh
- Department of General Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi Branch, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Siu Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi Branch, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Feng-Che Kuan
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi Branch, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Hsien Lu
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi Branch, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Ping-Tsung Chen
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi Branch, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Chieh-Mo Lin
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi Branch, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Li Chou
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi Branch, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Kuo Lin
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi Branch, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Ming Yang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi Branch, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Fen Fen Chen
- Department of Pathology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi Branch, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Paul Yann Lin
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Jer Hsieh
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi Branch, Chiayi, Taiwan
- Department of Respiratory Care, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ying Huang Tsai
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi Branch, Chiayi, Taiwan.
- Department of Respiratory Care, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Branch, Linkou, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
What Happened in the Hippocampal Axon in a Rat Model of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2020; 42:723-737. [PMID: 32930942 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-020-00960-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Studies from postmortem and animal models have revealed altered synapse morphology and function in the brain of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). And the effects of PTSD on dendrites and spines have been reported, however, the effection on axon include microtubule (MT) and synaptic vesicles of presynaptic elements remains unknown. Hippocampus is involved in abnormal memory in PTSD. In the present study, we used the single prolonged stress (SPS) model to mimic PTSD. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and high-throughput sequencing (GSE153081) were utilized to analyze differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the hippocampus of control and SPS rats. Immunofluorescence and western blotting were performed to examine change in axon-related proteins. Synaptic function was evaluated by measuring miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents (mEPSCs). RNA-sequencing analysis revealed 230 significantly DEGs between the control and SPS groups. Gene Ontology analysis revealed upregulation in axonemal assembly, MT formation, or movement, but downregulation in axon initial segment and synaptic vesicles fusion in the hippocampus of SPS rats. Increased expression in tau, β-tubulin MAP1B, KIF9, CCDC40, DNAH12 and decreased expression in p-tau, stathmin suggested SPS induced axon extension. Increased protein expression in VAMP, STX1A, Munc18-1 and decreased expression in synaptotagmin-1 suggested SPS induced more SNARE complex formation but decreased ability in synaptic vesicle fusion to presynaptic active zone membrane in the hippocampus of SPS rats. Further, low mEPSC frequency in SPS rats indicated dysfunction in presynaptic membrane. These results suggest that axon extension and synaptic vesicles fusion abnormality are involved in dysfunction of PTSD.
Collapse
|
13
|
Baraban E, Cooper K. Dedifferentiated and undifferentiated neoplasms: A conceptual approach. Semin Diagn Pathol 2020; 38:119-126. [PMID: 32948384 DOI: 10.1053/j.semdp.2020.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
This review provides a conceptual approach to dedifferentiation across a variety of tumor types, with particular attention to genetic events that tie together morphologically disparate areas of these neoplasms. First, working definitions of the terms differentiated, undifferentiated, and dedifferentiated are developed. Then, specific examples of tumors with a particular propensity for undergoing dedifferentiation are highlighted, with emphasis on both immunohistochemical studies and molecular lesions that enable surgical pathologists to establish diagnostic clarity in morphologically vexing situations. Throughout this review, the historical arc of the literature is followed, and therefore the discussion of specific tumor types begins with dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma, the neoplasm that inspired the terminology regarding dedifferentiation that remains in use today. Selected other sarcomas with well-established pathways of dedifferentiation are subsequently discussed, followed by descriptions of this process in subtypes of carcinoma and melanoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ezra Baraban
- Department of Pathology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Hospital of University of Pennsylvania (HUP), Philadelphia, 6 Founders, 3400 Spruce St, PA 19104, United States.
| | - Kumarasen Cooper
- Department of Pathology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Hospital of University of Pennsylvania (HUP), Philadelphia, 6 Founders, 3400 Spruce St, PA 19104, United States
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Nunnari G, Sanfilippo C, Castrogiovanni P, Imbesi R, Li Volti G, Barbagallo I, Musumeci G, Di Rosa M. Network perturbation analysis in human bronchial epithelial cells following SARS-CoV2 infection. Exp Cell Res 2020; 395:112204. [PMID: 32735892 PMCID: PMC7386311 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2020.112204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Background SARS-CoV2, the agent responsible for the current pandemic, is also causing respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), hyperinflammation and high mortality. It is critical to dissect the pathogenetic mechanisms in order to reach a targeted therapeutic approach. Methods In the present investigation, we evaluated the effects of SARS-CoV2 on human bronchial epithelial cells (HBEC). We used RNA-seq datasets available online for identifying SARS-CoV2 potential genes target on human bronchial epithelial cells. RNA expression levels and potential cellular gene pathways have been analyzed. In order to identify possible common strategies among the main pandemic viruses, such as SARS-CoV2, SARS-CoV1, MERS-CoV, and H1N1, we carried out a hypergeometric test of the main genes transcribed in the cells of the respiratory tract exposed to these viruses. Results The analysis showed that two mechanisms are highly regulated in HBEC: the innate immunity recruitment and the disassembly of cilia and cytoskeletal structure. The granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (CSF3) and dynein heavy chain 7, axonemal (DNAH7) represented respectively the most upregulated and downregulated genes belonging to the two mechanisms highlighted above. Furthermore, the carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 7 (CEACAM7) that codifies for a surface protein is highly specific of SARS-CoV2 and not for SARS-CoV1, MERS-CoV, and H1N1, suggesting a potential role in viral entry. In order to identify potential new drugs, using a machine learning approach, we highlighted Flunisolide, Thalidomide, Lenalidomide, Desoximetasone, xylazine, and salmeterol as potential drugs against SARS-CoV2 infection. Conclusions Overall, lung involvement and RDS could be generated by the activation and down regulation of diverse gene pathway involving respiratory cilia and muscle contraction, apoptotic phenomena, matrix destructuration, collagen deposition, neutrophil and macrophages recruitment. SARS-CoV2 causing respiratory distress syndrome, hyperinflammation and high mortality. In NHBEC, SARS-CoV2 highly regulated the innate immunity recruitment and the disassembly of cilia and cytoskeletal structure. The granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (CSF3) is the most upregulated gene by SARS-CoV2. The dynein heavy chain 7, axonemal (DNAH7) represented the most downregulated genes by SARS-CoV2. Flunisolide, Thalidomide, Lenalidomide, Desoximetasone, xylazine, and salmeterol as potential drugs against SARS-CoV-2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Nunnari
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.
| | - Cristina Sanfilippo
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino Pulejo, Strada Statale 113, C.da Casazza, 98124, Messina, Italy.
| | - Paola Castrogiovanni
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Human Anatomy and Histology Section, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Italy.
| | - Rosa Imbesi
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Human Anatomy and Histology Section, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Italy.
| | - Giovanni Li Volti
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 97, 95125, Catania, Italy.
| | - Ignazio Barbagallo
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, Viale Andrea Doria, 6, 95125, Catania, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Musumeci
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Human Anatomy and Histology Section, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Italy.
| | - Michelino Di Rosa
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Human Anatomy and Histology Section, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Du Z, Brewster R, Merrill PH, Chmielecki J, Francis J, Aizer A, Abedalthagafi M, Sholl LM, Geffers L, Alexander B, Santagata S. Meningioma transcription factors link cell lineage with systemic metabolic cues. Neuro Oncol 2019; 20:1331-1343. [PMID: 29660031 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noy057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Tumor cells recapitulate cell-lineage transcriptional programs that are characteristic of normal tissues from which they arise. It is unclear why such lineage programs are fatefully maintained in tumors and if they contribute to cell proliferation and viability. Methods Here, we used the most common brain tumor, meningioma, which is strongly associated with female sex and high body mass index (BMI), as a model system to address these questions. We screened expression profiling data to identify the transcription factor (TF) genes which are highly enriched in meningioma, and characterized the expression pattern of those TFs and downstream genes in clinical meningioma samples as well as normal brain tissues. Meningioma patient-derived cell lines (PDCLs) were used for further validation and characterization. Results We identified 8 TFs highly enriched in meningioma. Expression of these TFs, which included sine oculis homeobox 1 (SIX1), readily distinguished meningiomas from other primary brain tumors and was maintained in PDCLs and even in pulmonary meningothelial nodules. In meningioma PDCLs, SIX1 and its coactivator eyes absent 2 (EYA2) supported the expression of the leptin receptor (LEPR), the cell-surface receptor for leptin (LEP), the adipose-specific hormone that is high in women and in individuals with high BMI. Notably, these transcriptional regulatory factors, LEPR and LEP, both contributed to support meningioma PDCLs proliferation and survival, elucidating a survival dependency on both a core transcriptional program and a metabolic cell-surface receptor. Conclusions These findings provide one rationale for why lineage TF expression is maintained in meningioma and for the epidemiological association of female sex and obesity with meningioma risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ziming Du
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ryan Brewster
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Parker H Merrill
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Juliann Chmielecki
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Cancer Program, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Josh Francis
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Cancer Program, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ayal Aizer
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Malak Abedalthagafi
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Pathology, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lynette M Sholl
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lars Geffers
- Department of Genes and Behavior, Max-Planck-Institute of Biophysical Chemistry, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Brian Alexander
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sandro Santagata
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Kashima J, Hishima T, Tonooka A, Horiguchi SI, Motoi T, Okuma Y, Hosimi Y, Horio H. Genetic and immunohistochemical analyses of ciliated muconodular papillary tumors of the lung: A report of five cases. SAGE Open Med Case Rep 2019; 7:2050313X19830483. [PMID: 30800314 PMCID: PMC6378433 DOI: 10.1177/2050313x19830483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Ciliated muconodular papillary tumors are benign lesions located in the peripheral lung field. Recent studies revealed BRAF and epidermal growth factor receptor gene mutations and anaplastic lymphoma kinase gene rearrangement. Five ciliated muconodular papillary tumors were screened for the BRAF V600E and EGFR mutations via polymerase chain reaction. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed for the detection of the BRAF V600E and anaplastic lymphoma kinase proteins, as well as other markers including phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase. Three tumors (60%) harbored the BRAF V600E mutation. Immunohistochemical analysis confirmed this mutation in all of the tumor cell types. EGFR mutation and immunoactivity of the anaplastic lymphoma kinase protein were not detected. Phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase was negative both in the cytoplasm and nucleus of the BRAF V600E-positive tumors. Mucin 1, mucin 4, thyroid transcription factor 1, and cytokeratin 7 were positive, and mucin 5AC was partially positive, whereas napsin A and cytokeratin 20 were negative. Ciliated muconodular papillary tumor may originate from the terminal bronchioles, and the status of ERK activation reflects its benign behavior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jumpei Kashima
- Department of Pathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Diseases Center, Komagome Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsunekazu Hishima
- Department of Pathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Diseases Center, Komagome Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akiko Tonooka
- Department of Pathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Diseases Center, Komagome Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichiro Horiguchi
- Department of Pathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Diseases Center, Komagome Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toru Motoi
- Department of Pathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Diseases Center, Komagome Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yusuke Okuma
- Department of Thoracic Oncology and Respiratory Medicine, Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Diseases Center, Komagome Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukio Hosimi
- Department of Thoracic Oncology and Respiratory Medicine, Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Diseases Center, Komagome Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirotoshi Horio
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Diseases Center, Komagome Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Felisiak-Goląbek A, Inaguma S, Kowalik A, Wasąg B, Wang ZF, Zięba S, Pięciak L, Ryś J, Kopczynski J, Sarlomo-Rikala M, Góźdź S, Lasota J, Miettinen M. SP174 Antibody Lacks Specificity for NRAS Q61R and Cross-Reacts With HRAS and KRAS Q61R Mutant Proteins in Malignant Melanoma. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2018; 26:40-45. [PMID: 29206715 DOI: 10.1097/pai.0000000000000500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
HRAS, KRAS, and NRAS, highly homologous proteins, are often mutationally activated in cancer. Usually, mutations cluster in codons 12, 13, and 61 and are detected by molecular genetic testing of tumor DNA. Recently, immunohistochemistry with SP174 antibody has been introduced to detect NRAS Q61R-mutant protein. Studies on malignant melanomas showed that such an approach could be a viable alternative to molecular genetic testing. This investigation was undertaken to evaluate the value of SP174 immunohistochemistry for detection of NRAS Q61R-mutant isoform. Two hundred ninety-two malignant melanomas were evaluated using Leica Bond-Max automated immunostainer. Twenty-nine tumors (10%) showed positive immunoreactivity. NRAS codon 61 was polymerase chain reaction amplified and sequenced in 24 positive and 92 negative cases using Sanger sequencing, quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and next-generation sequencing approaches. A c.182A>G substitution leading to NRAS Q61R mutation was identified in 22 tumors. Two NRAS wild-type tumors revealed c.182A>G substitutions in HRAS and KRAS codon 61, respectively. Both mutations were detected by next-generation sequencing and independently confirmed by Sanger sequencing. None of 85 NRAS codon 61 wild-type tumors and 7 NRAS mutants other than Q61R showed immunoreactivity with SP174 antibody. Thus, SP174 antibody was 100% sensitive in detecting NRAS Q61R-mutant isoform in malignant melanoma, but not fully specific as it cross-reacted with HRAS and KRAS Q61R-mutant proteins. Therefore, molecular testing is needed to determine which RAS gene is mutated. The rarity of HRAS and KRAS Q61R mutants in malignant melanoma let previous investigations erroneously conclude that SP174 is specific for NRAS Q61R-mutant protein.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Shingo Inaguma
- Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD.,Department of Pathology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Japan
| | | | - Bartosz Wasąg
- Department of Biology and Genetics, Medical University of Gdansk
| | - Zeng-Feng Wang
- Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | | | | | - Janusz Ryś
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Institute, Krakow, Poland
| | | | | | - Stanislaw Góźdź
- Clinical Oncology, Holycross Cancer Center.,Faculty of Health Sciences, The Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce
| | - Jerzy Lasota
- Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | - Markku Miettinen
- Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
La Corte E, Younus I, Pivari F, Selimi A, Ottenhausen M, Forbes JA, Pisapia DJ, Dobri GA, Anand VK, Schwartz TH. BRAF V600E mutant papillary craniopharyngiomas: a single-institutional case series. Pituitary 2018; 21:571-583. [PMID: 30187175 DOI: 10.1007/s11102-018-0909-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To describe the clinical, radiographic and surgical outcomes in a cohort of patients with BRAF V600E mutant papillary craniopharyngiomas. METHODS A retrospective review was performed to identify all patients with a histological diagnosis of CP operated upon at a single institution between 2005 and 2017. All cases with adequate material were sequenced to confirm the presence of BRAF V600E mutation. RESULTS Sixteen patients were included in the present study. Approach was endoscopic endonasal (EEA) in 14 and transcranial (TCA) in 2. All patients were adult with an average age of 50 years (24-88). Radiographic review demonstrated that the majority (93.7%) were suprasellar and twelve (75%) had third ventricular involvement. No tumor showed evidence of calcifications and 68.7% were mixed solid-cystic. All patients had some evidence of hypopituitarism and 62.5% had hypothalamic disturbances. GTR was achieved in 11/14 (78.6%) EEA and 0/2 (0%) TCA (p < 0.05). The mean length of stay was 17.5 days in the TCA group and 7.6 days in the EEA group (p < 0.05). There were no CSF leaks. Post-operatively, eleven (68.7%) developed new DI or new hypopituitarism. Nine increased their BMI with a mean increase of 12.3%, whereas six patients lost weight with a mean decrease of 5.3%. CONCLUSIONS BRAF V600E mutant papillary tumors represent a clearly distinct clinical-pathological entity of craniopharyngiomas. These are generally non-calcified suprasellar tumors that occur in adults. These distinct characteristics may someday lead to upfront chemotherapy. When surgery is necessary, EEA may be preferred over TCA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele La Corte
- Department of Neurosurgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, 525 East 68th St., Box #99, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Department of Neurosurgery, Foundation IRCCS Neurological Institute "Carlo Besta", Milan, Italy
| | - Iyan Younus
- Department of Neurosurgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, 525 East 68th St., Box #99, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Francesca Pivari
- Department of Neurosurgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, 525 East 68th St., Box #99, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Adelina Selimi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, 525 East 68th St., Box #99, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Malte Ottenhausen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, 525 East 68th St., Box #99, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Jonathan A Forbes
- Department of Neurosurgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, 525 East 68th St., Box #99, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - David J Pisapia
- Department of Pathology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - Georgiana A Dobri
- Department of Neurosurgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, 525 East 68th St., Box #99, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Vijay K Anand
- Department of Otolaryngology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - Theodore H Schwartz
- Department of Neurosurgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, 525 East 68th St., Box #99, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
- Department of Neuroscience, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Otolaryngology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Desmoplastic non-infantile astrocytoma/ganglioglioma: rare low-grade tumor with frequent BRAF V600E mutation. Hum Pathol 2018; 80:186-191. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2018.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2018] [Revised: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
20
|
Chat-Uthai N, Vejvisithsakul P, Udommethaporn S, Meesiri P, Danthanawanit C, Wongchai Y, Teerapakpinyo C, Shuangshoti S, Poungvarin N. Development of ultra-short PCR assay to reveal BRAF V600 mutation status in Thai colorectal cancer tissues. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0198795. [PMID: 29879227 PMCID: PMC5991739 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0198795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The protein kinase BRAF is one of the key players in regulating cellular responses to extracellular signals. Somatic mutations of the BRAF gene, causing constitutive activation of BRAF, have been found in various types of human cancers such as malignant melanoma, and colorectal cancer. BRAF V600E and V600K, most commonly observed mutations in these cancers, may predict response to targeted therapies. Many techniques suffer from a lack of diagnostic sensitivity in mutation analysis in clinical samples with a low cancer cell percentage or poor-quality fragmented DNA. Here we present allele-specific real-time PCR assay for amplifying 35- to 45-base target sequences in BRAF gene. Forward primer designed for BRAF V600E detection is capable of recognizing both types of BRAF V600E mutation, i.e. V600E1 (c.1799T>A) and V600E2 (c.1799_1800delTGinsAA), as well as complex tandem mutation caused by nucleotide changes in codons 600 and 601. We utilized this assay to analyze Thai formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues. Forty-eight percent of 178 Thai colorectal cancer tissues has KRAS mutation detected by highly sensitive commercial assays. Although these DNA samples contain low overall yield of amplifiable DNA, our newly-developed assay successfully revealed BRAF V600 mutations in 6 of 93 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded colorectal cancer tissues which KRAS mutation was not detected. Ultra-short PCR assay with forward mutation-specific primers is potentially useful to detect BRAF V600 mutations in highly fragmented DNA specimens from cancer patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nunthawut Chat-Uthai
- Research Division, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Sutthirat Udommethaporn
- Clinical Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Puttarakun Meesiri
- Clinical Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chetiya Danthanawanit
- Clinical Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Yannawan Wongchai
- Research Division, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chinachote Teerapakpinyo
- Chulalongkorn GenePRO Center, Research Affairs, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Shanop Shuangshoti
- Chulalongkorn GenePRO Center, Research Affairs, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Naravat Poungvarin
- Clinical Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Ippen FM, Colman H, van den Bent MJ, Brastianos PK. Precision Medicine for Primary Central Nervous System Tumors: Are We There Yet? Am Soc Clin Oncol Educ Book 2018; 38:158-167. [PMID: 30231322 DOI: 10.1200/edbk_199247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, technologic advances have increased tremendously our understanding of the molecular characteristics and genetic drivers of a variety of brain tumors. These discoveries have led to paradigm shifts in the treatment of these tumor entities and may therefore have a considerable impact on the outcome of affected patients in the near future. Here, we provide a broad overview of recently discovered clinically actionable mutations that have been identified in three different primary brain tumors: gliomas, meningiomas, and craniopharyngiomas. We furthermore highlight the diagnostic and therapeutic implications of these findings and summarize recently published and ongoing trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Maria Ippen
- From the Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Departments of Neurosurgery, Neurology, and Internal Medicine (Oncology), Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT; Department of Neurology, The Brain Tumor Center at Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, Netherlands; Division of Neuro-Oncology, Stephen E. and Catherine Pappas Center for Neuro-Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Howard Colman
- From the Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Departments of Neurosurgery, Neurology, and Internal Medicine (Oncology), Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT; Department of Neurology, The Brain Tumor Center at Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, Netherlands; Division of Neuro-Oncology, Stephen E. and Catherine Pappas Center for Neuro-Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Martin J. van den Bent
- From the Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Departments of Neurosurgery, Neurology, and Internal Medicine (Oncology), Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT; Department of Neurology, The Brain Tumor Center at Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, Netherlands; Division of Neuro-Oncology, Stephen E. and Catherine Pappas Center for Neuro-Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Priscilla Kaliopi Brastianos
- From the Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Departments of Neurosurgery, Neurology, and Internal Medicine (Oncology), Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT; Department of Neurology, The Brain Tumor Center at Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, Netherlands; Division of Neuro-Oncology, Stephen E. and Catherine Pappas Center for Neuro-Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Abstract
The identification of certain genomic alterations (EGFR, ALK, ROS1, BRAF) or immunological markers (PD-L1) in tissues or cells has led to targeted treatment for patients presenting with late stage or metastatic lung cancer. These biomarkers can be detected by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and/or by molecular biology (MB) techniques. These approaches are often complementary but depending on, the quantity and quality of the biological material, the urgency to get the results, the access to technological platforms, the financial resources and the expertise of the team, the choice of the approach can be questioned. The possibility of detecting simultaneously several molecular targets, and of analyzing the degree of tumor mutation burden and of the micro-satellite instability, as well as the recent requirement to quantify the expression of PD-L1 in tumor cells, has led to case by case development of algorithms and international recommendations, which depend on the quality and quantity of biological samples. This review will highlight the different predictive biomarkers detected by IHC for treatment of lung cancer as well as the present advantages and limitations of this approach. A number of perspectives will be considered.
Collapse
|
23
|
Schlaffer SM, Buchfelder M, Stoehr R, Buslei R, Hölsken A. Rathke's Cleft Cyst as Origin of a Pediatric Papillary Craniopharyngioma. Front Genet 2018; 9:49. [PMID: 29520296 PMCID: PMC5826961 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2018.00049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A 6-year old patient presented with an intra and suprasellar cystic lesion accompanied with impairment of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis and partial hypopituitarism. The most likely cause of sellar lesions in this age group are adamantinomatous craniopharyngioma (adaCP) or Rathke´s cleft cysts (RCCs). AdaCP are characterized by CTNNB1 mutations accompanied with aberrant nuclear beta-catenin expression. RCC show neither nuclear beta-catenin expression nor BRAF mutation. The latter is a hallmark of papillary craniopharyngiomas (papCP) that exhibit remarkable histological similarity with metaplasia of RCC. Diagnosis of the patient was elucidated by CTNNB1 and BRAF mutation screening, utilizing different approaches, as well as histological examination of markers, e.g., beta-catenin, claudin-1, EpCAM and the mutated BRAFV600E protein, which are known to be differentially expressed in sellar lesions. The case presented reveals extraordinary aspects for two reasons. Firstly, the lesion appeared clinically, on MRI, intraoperatively and histologically as RCC with prominent squamous metaplasia, but showing an expression pattern of markers also found in papCP, whilst exhibiting a hitherto undescribed BRAFV600E mutation. This important result documents a supposable transition of RCC metaplasia into a papillary craniopharyngioma (papCP). Secondly, this intriguing case shows unexpectedly that although papCP usually occurs almost exclusively in adults, it can also arise in childhood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sven-Martin Schlaffer
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Michael Buchfelder
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Robert Stoehr
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Rolf Buslei
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Erlangen Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Institute of Pathology, Sozialstiftung Bamberg, Bamberg, Germany
| | - Annett Hölsken
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Erlangen Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Sahm F, Reuss DE, Giannini C. WHO 2016 classification: changes and advancements in the diagnosis of miscellaneous primary CNS tumours. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2018; 44:163-171. [DOI: 10.1111/nan.12397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F. Sahm
- Department of Neuropathology; Institute of Pathology; Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg; Heidelberg Germany
| | - D. E. Reuss
- Department of Neuropathology; Institute of Pathology; Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg; Heidelberg Germany
| | - C. Giannini
- Division of Anatomic Pathology; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology; Mayo Clinic; Rochester MN USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Transcriptional regulation of P63 on the apoptosis of male germ cells and three stages of spermatogenesis in mice. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:76. [PMID: 29362488 PMCID: PMC5833356 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-017-0046-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Revised: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Infertility affects 10-15% of couples worldwide, and male factors account for 50%. Spermatogenesis is precisely regulated by genetic factors, and the mutations of genes result in abnormal spermatogenesis and eventual male infertility. The aim of this study was to explore the role and transcriptional regulation of P63 in the apoptosis and mouse spermatogenesis. P63 protein was decreased in male germ cells of P63(+/-) mice compared with wild-type mice. There was no obvious difference in testis weight, sperm motility, and fecundity between P63(+/-) and wild-type mice. However, abnormal germ cells were frequently observed in P63(+/-) mice at 2 months old. Notably, apoptotic male germ cells and the percentage of abnormal sperm were significantly enhanced in P63(+/-) mice compared to wild-type mice. Spermatogonia, pachytene spermatocytes and round spermatids were isolated from P63(+/-) and wild-type mice using STA-PUT velocity sedimentation, and they were identified phenotypically with high purities. RNA sequencing demonstrated distinct transcription profiles in spermatogonia, pachytene spermatocytes, and round spermatids between P63(+/-) mice and wild-type mice. In total, there were 645 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in spermatogonia, 106 DEGs in pachytene spermatocytes, and 1152 in round spermatids between P63(+/-) mice and wild-type mice. Real time PCR verified a number of DEGs identified by RNA sequencing. Gene ontology annotation and pathway analyzes further indicated that certain key genes, e.g., Ccnd2, Tgfa, Hes5, Insl3, Kit, Lef1, and Jun were involved in apoptosis, while Dazl, Kit, Pld6, Cdkn2d, Stra8, and Ubr2 were associated with regulating spermatogenesis. Collectively, these results implicate that P63 mediates the apoptosis of male germ cells and regulates three stages of spermatogenesis transcriptionally. This study could provide novel targets for the diagnosis and treatment of male infertility.
Collapse
|
26
|
Li J, Yan S, Liu Z, Zhou Y, Pan Y, Yuan W, Liu M, Tan Q, Tian G, Dong B, Cai H, Wu N, Ke Y. Multiregional Sequencing Reveals Genomic Alterations and Clonal Dynamics in Primary Malignant Melanoma of the Esophagus. Cancer Res 2017; 78:338-347. [PMID: 28972077 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-17-0938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Revised: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Primary malignant melanoma of the esophagus (PMME) is a rare and aggressive disease with high tendency of metastasis. To characterize the genetic basis and intratumor heterogeneity of PMME, we performed multiregion exome sequencing and whole genome SNP array genotyping of 12 samples obtained from a patient with PMME. High intratumor heterogeneity was observed in both somatic mutation and copy-number alteration levels. Nine geographically separate samples including two normal samples were clonally related and followed a branched evolution model. Most putative oncogenic drivers such as BRAF and KRAS mutations as well as CDKN2A biallelic inactivation were observed in trunk clones, whereas clinically actionable mutations such as PIK3CA and JAK1 mutations were detected in branch clones. Ancestor tumor clones evolved into three subclonal clades: clade1 fostered metastatic subclones that carried metastatic features of PIK3CA and ARHGAP26 point mutations as well as chr13 arm-level deletion, clade2 owned branch-specific JAK1 mutations and PTEN deletion, and clade3 was found in two vertical distribution samples below the primary tumor area, highlighting the fact that it is possible for PMME to disseminate by the submucosal longitudinal lymphatic route at an early stage of metastasis. These findings facilitate interpretation of the genetic essence of this rare melanoma subtype as well as the pattern of cancer evolution, thus reinforcing the therapeutic challenges associated with PMME.Significance: This study highlights the use of multiregion exome sequencing and whole genome SNP array genotyping to comprehensively characterize the genetic landscape of a rare type of esophogeal melanoma. Cancer Res; 78(2); 338-47. ©2017 AACR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Li
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Laboratory of Genetics, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Shi Yan
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Thoracic Surgery II, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Laboratory of Genetics, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Thoracic Surgery II, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Yaqi Pan
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Laboratory of Genetics, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
| | - WenQin Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Laboratory of Genetics, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Mengfei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Laboratory of Genetics, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Qin Tan
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Laboratory of Genetics, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
| | | | - Bin Dong
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Central Lab, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Cai
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Laboratory of Genetics, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Nan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Thoracic Surgery II, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China.
| | - Yang Ke
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Laboratory of Genetics, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Mei Y, Du Z, Hu C, Greenwald NF, Abedalthagafi M, Agar NY, Dunn GP, Bi WL, Santagata S, Dunn IF. Osteoglycin promotes meningioma development through downregulation of NF2 and activation of mTOR signaling. Cell Commun Signal 2017; 15:34. [PMID: 28923059 PMCID: PMC5604305 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-017-0189-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Meningiomas are the most common primary intracranial tumors in adults. While a majority of meningiomas are slow growing neoplasms that may cured by surgical resection, a subset demonstrates more aggressive behavior and insidiously recurs despite surgery and radiation, without effective alternative treatment options. Elucidation of critical mitogenic pathways in meningioma oncogenesis may offer new therapeutic strategies. We performed an integrated genomic and molecular analysis to characterize the expression and function of osteoglycin (OGN) in meningiomas and explored possible therapeutic approaches for OGN-expressing meningiomas. METHODS OGN mRNA expression in human meningiomas was assessed by RNA microarray and RNAscope. The impact of OGN on cell proliferation, colony formation, and mitogenic signaling cascades was assessed in a human meningioma cell line (IOMM-Lee) with stable overexpression of OGN. Furthermore, the functional consequences of introducing an AKT inhibitor in OGN-overexpressing meningioma cells were assessed. RESULTS OGN mRNA expression was dramatically increased in meningiomas compared to a spectrum of other brain tumors and normal brain. OGN-overexpressing meningioma cells demonstrated an elevated rate of cell proliferation, cell cycle activation, and colony formation as compared with cells transfected with control vector. In addition, NF2 mRNA and protein expression were both attenuated in OGN-overexpressing cells. Conversely, mTOR pathway and AKT activation increased in OGN-overexpressing cells compared to control cells. Lastly, introduction of an AKT inhibitor reduced OGN expression in meningioma cells and resulted in increased cell death and autophagy, suggestive of a reciprocal relationship between OGN and AKT. CONCLUSION We identify OGN as a novel oncogene in meningioma proliferation. AKT inhibition reduces OGN protein levels in meningioma cells, with a concomitant increase in cell death, which provides a promising treatment option for meningiomas with OGN overexpression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Mei
- Center for Skull Base and Pituitary Surgery, Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Ziming Du
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Changchen Hu
- Center for Skull Base and Pituitary Surgery, Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Noah F. Greenwald
- Center for Skull Base and Pituitary Surgery, Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Malak Abedalthagafi
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
- Saudi Human Genome Laboratory, King Fahad Medical City and King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nathalie Y.R. Agar
- Center for Skull Base and Pituitary Surgery, Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Gavin P. Dunn
- Department of Neurosurgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO USA
- Center for Human Immunology and Immunotherapy Programs, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO USA
| | - Wenya Linda Bi
- Center for Skull Base and Pituitary Surgery, Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Sandro Santagata
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Ian F. Dunn
- Center for Skull Base and Pituitary Surgery, Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Yoshimoto K, Hatae R, Suzuki SO, Hata N, Kuga D, Akagi Y, Amemiya T, Sangatsuda Y, Mukae N, Mizoguchi M, Iwaki T, Iihara K. High-resolution melting and immunohistochemical analysis efficiently detects mutually exclusive genetic alterations of adamantinomatous and papillary craniopharyngiomas. Neuropathology 2017; 38:3-10. [PMID: 28840946 DOI: 10.1111/neup.12408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Revised: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Craniopharyngioma consists of adamantinomatous and papillary subtypes. Recent genetic analysis has demonstrated that the two subtypes are different, not only in clinicopathological features, but also in molecular oncogenesis. Papillary craniopharyngioma (pCP) is characterized by a BRAF mutation, the V600E (Val 600 Glu) mutation. Adamantinomatous craniopharyngioma (aCP) can be distinguished by frequent β-catenin gene (CTNNB1) mutations. Although these genetic alterations can be a diagnostic molecular marker, the precise frequency of these mutations in clinical specimens remains unknown. In this study, we first evaluated BRAF V600E and CTNNB1 mutations in four and 14 cases of pCP and aCP, respectively, using high-resolution melting analysis followed by Sanger sequencing. The results showed that 100% (4/4) of pCP cases had BRAF V600E mutations, while 78% (11/14) of the aCP cases had CTNNB1 mutations, with these genetic alterations being subtype-specific and mutually exclusive. Second, we evaluated BRAF V600E and CTNNB1 mutations by immunohistochemical analysis (IHC). All pCP cases showed positive cytoplasmic staining with the BRAF V600E-mutant antibody (VE-1), whereas 86% (12/14) of aCP cases showed positive cytoplasmic and nuclear staining for CTNNB1, suggesting a CTNNB1 mutation. Only one case of wild-type CTNNB1 on the DNA analysis showed immunopositivity on IHC. We did not detect a coexistence of BRAF V600E and CTNNB1 mutations in any single tumor, which indicated that these genetic alterations were mutually exclusive. We also report our modified IHC protocol for VE-1 staining, and present the possibility that BRAF V600E mutations can be used as a diagnostic marker of pCP in the differentiation of Rathke cleft cyst with squamous metaplasia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Koji Yoshimoto
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Ryusuke Hatae
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Satoshi O Suzuki
- Department of Neuropathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Hata
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kuga
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yojiro Akagi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takeo Amemiya
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yuhei Sangatsuda
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Nobutaka Mukae
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masahiro Mizoguchi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kitakyushu Municipal Medical Center, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Toru Iwaki
- Department of Neuropathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Koji Iihara
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Robinson LC, Santagata S, Hankinson TC. Potential evolution of neurosurgical treatment paradigms for craniopharyngioma based on genomic and transcriptomic characteristics. Neurosurg Focus 2017; 41:E3. [PMID: 27903126 DOI: 10.3171/2016.9.focus16308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The recent genomic and transcriptomic characterization of human craniopharyngiomas has provided important insights into the pathogenesis of these tumors and supports that these tumor types are distinct entities. Critically, the insights provided by these data offer the potential for the introduction of novel therapies and surgical treatment paradigms for these tumors, which are associated with high morbidity rates and morbid conditions. Mutations in the CTNNB1 gene are primary drivers of adamantinomatous craniopharyngioma (ACP) and lead to the accumulation of β-catenin protein in a subset of the nuclei within the neoplastic epithelium of these tumors. Dysregulation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and of sonic hedgehog (SHH) signaling in ACP suggest that paracrine oncogenic mechanisms may underlie ACP growth and implicate these signaling pathways as potential targets for therapeutic intervention using directed therapies. Recent work shows that ACP cells have primary cilia, further supporting the potential importance of SHH signaling in the pathogenesis of these tumors. While further preclinical data are needed, directed therapies could defer, or replace, the need for radiation therapy and/or allow for less aggressive surgical interventions. Furthermore, the prospect for reliable control of cystic disease without the need for surgery now exists. Studies of papillary craniopharyngioma (PCP) are more clinically advanced than those for ACP. The vast majority of PCPs harbor the BRAFv600e mutation. There are now 2 reports of patients with PCP that had dramatic therapeutic responses to targeted agents. Ongoing clinical and research studies promise to not only advance our understanding of these challenging tumors but to offer new approaches for patient management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leslie C Robinson
- Pediatric Neurosurgery, Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado; and
| | - Sandro Santagata
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Institute of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Todd C Hankinson
- Pediatric Neurosurgery, Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado; and
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Martinez-Gutierrez JC, D'Andrea MR, Cahill DP, Santagata S, Barker FG, Brastianos PK. Diagnosis and management of craniopharyngiomas in the era of genomics and targeted therapy. Neurosurg Focus 2017; 41:E2. [PMID: 27903124 DOI: 10.3171/2016.9.focus16325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Craniopharyngiomas are rare intracranial neoplasms that pose clinical challenges due to their location adjacent to vital structures. The authors have previously shown high mutation rates of BRAF V600E in papillary craniopharyngioma and of CTNNB1 in adamantinomatous craniopharyngioma. These activating driver mutations are potential therapeutic targets, and the authors have recently reported a significant response to BRAF/MEK inhibition in a patient with multiply recurrent PCP. As these targetable mutations warrant prospective research, the authors will be conducting a national National Cancer Institute-sponsored multicenter clinical trial to investigate BRAF/MEK inhibition in the treatment of craniopharyngioma. In this new era of genomic discovery, the treatment paradigm of craniopharyngioma is likely to change.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Carlos Martinez-Gutierrez
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine.,Division of Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neurology, and.,North Shore Medical Center, Salem, Massachusetts
| | - Megan R D'Andrea
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine.,Division of Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neurology, and
| | - Daniel P Cahill
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
| | - Sandro Santagata
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston; and
| | - Fred G Barker
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
| | - Priscilla K Brastianos
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine.,Division of Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neurology, and
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Detección inmunohistoquímica de la mutación BRAF V600E en el carcinoma papilar de tiroides. Evaluación frente a la reacción en cadena de la polimerasa en tiempo real. ENDOCRINOL DIAB NUTR 2017; 64:75-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.endinu.2016.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Revised: 11/26/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
32
|
Distinct patterns of primary and motile cilia in Rathke's cleft cysts and craniopharyngioma subtypes. Mod Pathol 2016; 29:1446-1459. [PMID: 27562488 PMCID: PMC5442446 DOI: 10.1038/modpathol.2016.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Revised: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Cilia are highly conserved organelles, which serve critical roles in development and physiology. Motile cilia are expressed in a limited range of tissues, where they principally regulate local extracellular fluid dynamics. In contrast, primary cilia are expressed by many vertebrate cell types during interphase, and are intimately involved in the cell cycle and signal transduction. Notably, primary cilia are essential for vertebrate hedgehog pathway activity. Improved detection of motile cilia may assist in the diagnosis of some pathologic entities such as Rathke's cleft cysts, whereas characterizing primary cilia in neoplastic tissues may implicate cilia-dependent signaling pathways as critical for tumorigenesis. We show that immunohistochemistry for the nuclear transcription factor FOXJ1, a master regulator of motile ciliogenesis, robustly labels the motile ciliated epithelium of Rathke's cleft cysts. FOXJ1 expression discriminates Rathke's cleft cysts from entities in the sellar/suprasellar region with overlapping histologic features such as craniopharyngiomas. Co-immunohistochemistry for FOXJ1 and markers that highlight motile cilia such as acetylated tubulin (TUBA4A) and the small GTPase ARL13B further enhance the ability to identify diagnostic epithelial cells. In addition to highlighting motile cilia, ARL13B immunohistochemistry also robustly highlights primary cilia in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded sections. Primary cilia are present throughout the neoplastic epithelium of adamantinomatous craniopharyngioma, but are limited to basally oriented cells near the fibrovascular stroma in papillary craniopharyngioma. Consistent with this differing pattern of primary ciliation, adamantinomatous craniopharyngiomas express significantly higher levels of SHH, and downstream targets such as PTCH1 and GLI2, compared with papillary craniopharyngiomas. In conclusion, motile ciliated epithelium can be readily identified using immunohistochemistry for FOXJ1, TUBA4A, and ARL13B, facilitating the diagnosis of Rathke's cleft cysts. Primary cilia can be identified by ARL13B immunohistochemistry in routine pathology specimens. The widespread presence of primary cilia in adamantinomatous craniopharyngioma implicates cilia-dependent hedgehog signaling in the pathogenesis of adamantinomatous craniopharyngioma.
Collapse
|
33
|
Abedalthagafi MS, Wu MP, Merrill PH, Du Z, Woo T, Sheu SH, Hurwitz S, Ligon KL, Santagata S. Decreased FOXJ1 expression and its ciliogenesis programme in aggressive ependymoma and choroid plexus tumours. J Pathol 2016; 238:584-97. [PMID: 26690880 DOI: 10.1002/path.4682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Revised: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Well-differentiated human cancers share transcriptional programmes with the normal tissue counterparts from which they arise. These programmes broadly influence cell behaviour and function and are integral modulators of malignancy. Here, we show that the master regulator of motile ciliogenesis, FOXJ1, is highly expressed in cells along the ventricular surface of the human brain. Strong expression is present in cells of the ependyma and the choroid plexus as well as in a subset of cells residing in the subventricular zone. Expression of FOXJ1 and its transcriptional programme is maintained in many well-differentiated human tumours that arise along the ventricle, including low-grade ependymal tumours and choroid plexus papillomas. Anaplastic ependymomas as well as choroid plexus carcinomas show decreased FOXJ1 expression and its associated ciliogenesis programme genes. In ependymomas and choroid plexus tumours, reduced expression of FOXJ1 and its ciliogenesis programme are markers of poor outcome and are therefore useful biomarkers for assessing these tumours. Transitions in ciliogenesis define distinct differentiation states in ependymal and choroid plexus tumours with important implications for patient care. Copyright © 2015 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Malak S Abedalthagafi
- Department of Pathology, Division of Neuropathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Pathology, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael P Wu
- Department of Pathology, Division of Neuropathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Parker H Merrill
- Department of Pathology, Division of Neuropathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ziming Du
- Department of Pathology, Division of Neuropathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Terri Woo
- Department of Pathology, Division of Neuropathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shu-Hsien Sheu
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shelley Hurwitz
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Keith L Ligon
- Department of Pathology, Division of Neuropathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sandro Santagata
- Department of Pathology, Division of Neuropathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Tse JY, Chan MP, Zukerberg LR, Nazarian RM. Assessment of Melanocyte Density in Anorectal Mucosa for the Evaluation of Surgical Margins in Primary Anorectal Melanoma. Am J Clin Pathol 2016; 145:626-34. [PMID: 27247367 DOI: 10.1093/ajcp/aqw047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Accurate histopathologic evaluation of surgical resection margins for anorectal melanoma (AM) is diagnostically challenging but essential to clinical management. We studied intraepithelial melanocyte density and growth pattern in anorectal mucosa and BRAF V600E mutation status in AM compared to controls. METHODS Histomorphology and melanocytic immunostains, microphthalmia transcription factor (MITF) and human melanoma black 45 (HMB45), were evaluated. Utility of VE1 immunostaining for determination of BRAF V600E mutation status was studied. RESULTS Immunostains aid in the distinction between "trailing" melanoma in situ (MIS) and benign melanocyte hyperplasia (BMH), by facilitating assessment of melanocyte density, and evaluation of nuclear atypia and growth pattern. While respective melanocyte densities overlapped, "trailing" MIS could be distinguished by melanocyte nuclear atypia and near confluent growth, compared to the banal cytology and scattered growth of BMH. CONCLUSIONS In the histopathologic assessment of AM resections, MITF and HMB45 immunostains aid in distinguishing between "trailing" MIS and BMH, by highlighting melanocyte density, nuclear atypia, and growth pattern, with the latter two being reliable features. VE1 showed nonspecific immunopositivity in anorectal glandular epithelium, a potential diagnostic pitfall when assessing BRAF mutation status.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julie Y Tse
- From the Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
| | - May P Chan
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Brastianos PK, Santagata S. ENDOCRINE TUMORS: BRAF V600E mutations in papillary craniopharyngioma. Eur J Endocrinol 2016; 174:R139-44. [PMID: 26563980 PMCID: PMC4876601 DOI: 10.1530/eje-15-0957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Papillary craniopharyngioma (PCP) is an intracranial tumor that results in high levels of morbidity. We recently demonstrated that the vast majority of these tumors harbor the oncogenic BRAF V600E mutation. The pathologic diagnosis of PCP can now be confirmed using mutation specific immunohistochemistry and targeted genetic testing. Treatment with targeted agents is now also a possibility in select situations. We recently reported a patient with a multiply recurrent PCP in whom targeting both BRAF and MEK resulted in a dramatic therapeutic response with a marked anti-tumor immune response. This work shows that activation of the MAPK pathway is the likely principal oncogenic driver of these tumors. We will now investigate the efficacy of this approach in a multicenter phase II clinical trial. Post-treatment resection samples will be monitored for the emergence of resistance mechanisms. Further advances in the non-invasive diagnosis of PCP by radiologic criteria and by cell-free DNA testing could someday allow neo-adjuvant therapy for this disease in select patient populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Priscilla K Brastianos
- Division of Neuro-OncologyMassachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USADepartment of Cancer BiologyDana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USADepartment of PathologyBrigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USADepartment of PathologyBoston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Sandro Santagata
- Division of Neuro-OncologyMassachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USADepartment of Cancer BiologyDana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USADepartment of PathologyBrigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USADepartment of PathologyBoston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA Division of Neuro-OncologyMassachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USADepartment of Cancer BiologyDana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USADepartment of PathologyBrigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USADepartment of PathologyBoston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA Division of Neuro-OncologyMassachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USADepartment of Cancer BiologyDana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USADepartment of PathologyBrigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USADepartment of PathologyBoston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
High specificity and sensitivity of NRAS Q61R immunohistochemistry (IHC) in melanomas. J Am Acad Dermatol 2016; 74:572-3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2015.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Revised: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
37
|
Abedalthagafi M, Bi WL, Aizer AA, Merrill PH, Brewster R, Agarwalla PK, Listewnik ML, Dias-Santagata D, Thorner AR, Van Hummelen P, Brastianos PK, Reardon DA, Wen PY, Al-Mefty O, Ramkissoon SH, Folkerth RD, Ligon KL, Ligon AH, Alexander BM, Dunn IF, Beroukhim R, Santagata S. Oncogenic PI3K mutations are as common as AKT1 and SMO mutations in meningioma. Neuro Oncol 2016; 18:649-55. [PMID: 26826201 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nov316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Meningiomas are the most common primary intracranial tumor in adults. Identification of SMO and AKT1 mutations in meningiomas has raised the possibility of targeted therapies for some patients. The frequency of such mutations in clinical cohorts and the presence of other actionable mutations in meningiomas are important to define. METHODS We used high-resolution array-comparative genomic hybridization to prospectively characterize copy-number changes in 150 meningiomas and then characterized these samples for mutations in AKT1, KLF4, NF2, PIK3CA, SMO, and TRAF7. RESULTS Similar to prior reports, we identified AKT1 and SMO mutations in a subset of non-NF2-mutant meningiomas (ie, ∼9% and ∼6%, respectively). Notably, we detected oncogenic mutations in PIK3CA in ∼7% of non-NF2-mutant meningiomas. AKT1, SMO, and PIK3CA mutations were mutually exclusive. AKT1, KLF4, and PIK3CA mutations often co-occurred with mutations in TRAF7. PIK3CA-mutant meningiomas showed limited chromosomal instability and were enriched in the skull base. CONCLUSION This work identifies PI3K signaling as an important target for precision medicine trials in meningioma patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Malak Abedalthagafi
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (M.A., P.H.M., R.B., M.L.L., S.H.R., R.D.F., K.L.L., A.H.L., S.S.); Department of Pathology, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (M.A.); King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (M.A.); Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (M.A., A.A.A., D.D.-S., P.K.B., D.A.R., P.Y.W., O.A.-M., S.H.R., R.D.F., K.L.L., A.H.L., B.M.A., I.F.D., R.B., S.S.); Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (W.L.B., O.A.-M., I.F.D.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (A.A.A., B.M.A.); Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (P.K.A.); Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (D.D.-S.); Center for Cancer Genomic Discovery, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts (A.R.T., P.V.H.); Department of Neuro-Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (P.K.B.); Center of Neuro-Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts (D.A.R., P.Y.W, R.B.); Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts (K.L.L., R.B.); Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA (S.S.)
| | - Wenya Linda Bi
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (M.A., P.H.M., R.B., M.L.L., S.H.R., R.D.F., K.L.L., A.H.L., S.S.); Department of Pathology, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (M.A.); King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (M.A.); Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (M.A., A.A.A., D.D.-S., P.K.B., D.A.R., P.Y.W., O.A.-M., S.H.R., R.D.F., K.L.L., A.H.L., B.M.A., I.F.D., R.B., S.S.); Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (W.L.B., O.A.-M., I.F.D.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (A.A.A., B.M.A.); Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (P.K.A.); Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (D.D.-S.); Center for Cancer Genomic Discovery, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts (A.R.T., P.V.H.); Department of Neuro-Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (P.K.B.); Center of Neuro-Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts (D.A.R., P.Y.W, R.B.); Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts (K.L.L., R.B.); Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA (S.S.)
| | - Ayal A Aizer
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (M.A., P.H.M., R.B., M.L.L., S.H.R., R.D.F., K.L.L., A.H.L., S.S.); Department of Pathology, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (M.A.); King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (M.A.); Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (M.A., A.A.A., D.D.-S., P.K.B., D.A.R., P.Y.W., O.A.-M., S.H.R., R.D.F., K.L.L., A.H.L., B.M.A., I.F.D., R.B., S.S.); Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (W.L.B., O.A.-M., I.F.D.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (A.A.A., B.M.A.); Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (P.K.A.); Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (D.D.-S.); Center for Cancer Genomic Discovery, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts (A.R.T., P.V.H.); Department of Neuro-Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (P.K.B.); Center of Neuro-Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts (D.A.R., P.Y.W, R.B.); Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts (K.L.L., R.B.); Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA (S.S.)
| | - Parker H Merrill
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (M.A., P.H.M., R.B., M.L.L., S.H.R., R.D.F., K.L.L., A.H.L., S.S.); Department of Pathology, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (M.A.); King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (M.A.); Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (M.A., A.A.A., D.D.-S., P.K.B., D.A.R., P.Y.W., O.A.-M., S.H.R., R.D.F., K.L.L., A.H.L., B.M.A., I.F.D., R.B., S.S.); Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (W.L.B., O.A.-M., I.F.D.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (A.A.A., B.M.A.); Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (P.K.A.); Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (D.D.-S.); Center for Cancer Genomic Discovery, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts (A.R.T., P.V.H.); Department of Neuro-Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (P.K.B.); Center of Neuro-Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts (D.A.R., P.Y.W, R.B.); Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts (K.L.L., R.B.); Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA (S.S.)
| | - Ryan Brewster
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (M.A., P.H.M., R.B., M.L.L., S.H.R., R.D.F., K.L.L., A.H.L., S.S.); Department of Pathology, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (M.A.); King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (M.A.); Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (M.A., A.A.A., D.D.-S., P.K.B., D.A.R., P.Y.W., O.A.-M., S.H.R., R.D.F., K.L.L., A.H.L., B.M.A., I.F.D., R.B., S.S.); Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (W.L.B., O.A.-M., I.F.D.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (A.A.A., B.M.A.); Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (P.K.A.); Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (D.D.-S.); Center for Cancer Genomic Discovery, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts (A.R.T., P.V.H.); Department of Neuro-Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (P.K.B.); Center of Neuro-Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts (D.A.R., P.Y.W, R.B.); Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts (K.L.L., R.B.); Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA (S.S.)
| | - Pankaj K Agarwalla
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (M.A., P.H.M., R.B., M.L.L., S.H.R., R.D.F., K.L.L., A.H.L., S.S.); Department of Pathology, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (M.A.); King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (M.A.); Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (M.A., A.A.A., D.D.-S., P.K.B., D.A.R., P.Y.W., O.A.-M., S.H.R., R.D.F., K.L.L., A.H.L., B.M.A., I.F.D., R.B., S.S.); Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (W.L.B., O.A.-M., I.F.D.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (A.A.A., B.M.A.); Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (P.K.A.); Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (D.D.-S.); Center for Cancer Genomic Discovery, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts (A.R.T., P.V.H.); Department of Neuro-Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (P.K.B.); Center of Neuro-Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts (D.A.R., P.Y.W, R.B.); Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts (K.L.L., R.B.); Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA (S.S.)
| | - Marc L Listewnik
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (M.A., P.H.M., R.B., M.L.L., S.H.R., R.D.F., K.L.L., A.H.L., S.S.); Department of Pathology, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (M.A.); King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (M.A.); Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (M.A., A.A.A., D.D.-S., P.K.B., D.A.R., P.Y.W., O.A.-M., S.H.R., R.D.F., K.L.L., A.H.L., B.M.A., I.F.D., R.B., S.S.); Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (W.L.B., O.A.-M., I.F.D.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (A.A.A., B.M.A.); Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (P.K.A.); Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (D.D.-S.); Center for Cancer Genomic Discovery, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts (A.R.T., P.V.H.); Department of Neuro-Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (P.K.B.); Center of Neuro-Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts (D.A.R., P.Y.W, R.B.); Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts (K.L.L., R.B.); Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA (S.S.)
| | - Dora Dias-Santagata
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (M.A., P.H.M., R.B., M.L.L., S.H.R., R.D.F., K.L.L., A.H.L., S.S.); Department of Pathology, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (M.A.); King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (M.A.); Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (M.A., A.A.A., D.D.-S., P.K.B., D.A.R., P.Y.W., O.A.-M., S.H.R., R.D.F., K.L.L., A.H.L., B.M.A., I.F.D., R.B., S.S.); Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (W.L.B., O.A.-M., I.F.D.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (A.A.A., B.M.A.); Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (P.K.A.); Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (D.D.-S.); Center for Cancer Genomic Discovery, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts (A.R.T., P.V.H.); Department of Neuro-Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (P.K.B.); Center of Neuro-Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts (D.A.R., P.Y.W, R.B.); Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts (K.L.L., R.B.); Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA (S.S.)
| | - Aaron R Thorner
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (M.A., P.H.M., R.B., M.L.L., S.H.R., R.D.F., K.L.L., A.H.L., S.S.); Department of Pathology, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (M.A.); King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (M.A.); Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (M.A., A.A.A., D.D.-S., P.K.B., D.A.R., P.Y.W., O.A.-M., S.H.R., R.D.F., K.L.L., A.H.L., B.M.A., I.F.D., R.B., S.S.); Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (W.L.B., O.A.-M., I.F.D.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (A.A.A., B.M.A.); Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (P.K.A.); Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (D.D.-S.); Center for Cancer Genomic Discovery, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts (A.R.T., P.V.H.); Department of Neuro-Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (P.K.B.); Center of Neuro-Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts (D.A.R., P.Y.W, R.B.); Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts (K.L.L., R.B.); Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA (S.S.)
| | - Paul Van Hummelen
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (M.A., P.H.M., R.B., M.L.L., S.H.R., R.D.F., K.L.L., A.H.L., S.S.); Department of Pathology, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (M.A.); King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (M.A.); Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (M.A., A.A.A., D.D.-S., P.K.B., D.A.R., P.Y.W., O.A.-M., S.H.R., R.D.F., K.L.L., A.H.L., B.M.A., I.F.D., R.B., S.S.); Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (W.L.B., O.A.-M., I.F.D.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (A.A.A., B.M.A.); Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (P.K.A.); Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (D.D.-S.); Center for Cancer Genomic Discovery, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts (A.R.T., P.V.H.); Department of Neuro-Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (P.K.B.); Center of Neuro-Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts (D.A.R., P.Y.W, R.B.); Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts (K.L.L., R.B.); Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA (S.S.)
| | - Priscilla K Brastianos
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (M.A., P.H.M., R.B., M.L.L., S.H.R., R.D.F., K.L.L., A.H.L., S.S.); Department of Pathology, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (M.A.); King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (M.A.); Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (M.A., A.A.A., D.D.-S., P.K.B., D.A.R., P.Y.W., O.A.-M., S.H.R., R.D.F., K.L.L., A.H.L., B.M.A., I.F.D., R.B., S.S.); Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (W.L.B., O.A.-M., I.F.D.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (A.A.A., B.M.A.); Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (P.K.A.); Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (D.D.-S.); Center for Cancer Genomic Discovery, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts (A.R.T., P.V.H.); Department of Neuro-Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (P.K.B.); Center of Neuro-Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts (D.A.R., P.Y.W, R.B.); Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts (K.L.L., R.B.); Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA (S.S.)
| | - David A Reardon
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (M.A., P.H.M., R.B., M.L.L., S.H.R., R.D.F., K.L.L., A.H.L., S.S.); Department of Pathology, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (M.A.); King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (M.A.); Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (M.A., A.A.A., D.D.-S., P.K.B., D.A.R., P.Y.W., O.A.-M., S.H.R., R.D.F., K.L.L., A.H.L., B.M.A., I.F.D., R.B., S.S.); Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (W.L.B., O.A.-M., I.F.D.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (A.A.A., B.M.A.); Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (P.K.A.); Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (D.D.-S.); Center for Cancer Genomic Discovery, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts (A.R.T., P.V.H.); Department of Neuro-Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (P.K.B.); Center of Neuro-Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts (D.A.R., P.Y.W, R.B.); Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts (K.L.L., R.B.); Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA (S.S.)
| | - Patrick Y Wen
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (M.A., P.H.M., R.B., M.L.L., S.H.R., R.D.F., K.L.L., A.H.L., S.S.); Department of Pathology, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (M.A.); King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (M.A.); Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (M.A., A.A.A., D.D.-S., P.K.B., D.A.R., P.Y.W., O.A.-M., S.H.R., R.D.F., K.L.L., A.H.L., B.M.A., I.F.D., R.B., S.S.); Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (W.L.B., O.A.-M., I.F.D.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (A.A.A., B.M.A.); Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (P.K.A.); Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (D.D.-S.); Center for Cancer Genomic Discovery, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts (A.R.T., P.V.H.); Department of Neuro-Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (P.K.B.); Center of Neuro-Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts (D.A.R., P.Y.W, R.B.); Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts (K.L.L., R.B.); Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA (S.S.)
| | - Ossama Al-Mefty
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (M.A., P.H.M., R.B., M.L.L., S.H.R., R.D.F., K.L.L., A.H.L., S.S.); Department of Pathology, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (M.A.); King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (M.A.); Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (M.A., A.A.A., D.D.-S., P.K.B., D.A.R., P.Y.W., O.A.-M., S.H.R., R.D.F., K.L.L., A.H.L., B.M.A., I.F.D., R.B., S.S.); Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (W.L.B., O.A.-M., I.F.D.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (A.A.A., B.M.A.); Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (P.K.A.); Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (D.D.-S.); Center for Cancer Genomic Discovery, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts (A.R.T., P.V.H.); Department of Neuro-Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (P.K.B.); Center of Neuro-Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts (D.A.R., P.Y.W, R.B.); Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts (K.L.L., R.B.); Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA (S.S.)
| | - Shakti H Ramkissoon
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (M.A., P.H.M., R.B., M.L.L., S.H.R., R.D.F., K.L.L., A.H.L., S.S.); Department of Pathology, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (M.A.); King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (M.A.); Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (M.A., A.A.A., D.D.-S., P.K.B., D.A.R., P.Y.W., O.A.-M., S.H.R., R.D.F., K.L.L., A.H.L., B.M.A., I.F.D., R.B., S.S.); Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (W.L.B., O.A.-M., I.F.D.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (A.A.A., B.M.A.); Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (P.K.A.); Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (D.D.-S.); Center for Cancer Genomic Discovery, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts (A.R.T., P.V.H.); Department of Neuro-Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (P.K.B.); Center of Neuro-Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts (D.A.R., P.Y.W, R.B.); Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts (K.L.L., R.B.); Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA (S.S.)
| | - Rebecca D Folkerth
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (M.A., P.H.M., R.B., M.L.L., S.H.R., R.D.F., K.L.L., A.H.L., S.S.); Department of Pathology, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (M.A.); King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (M.A.); Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (M.A., A.A.A., D.D.-S., P.K.B., D.A.R., P.Y.W., O.A.-M., S.H.R., R.D.F., K.L.L., A.H.L., B.M.A., I.F.D., R.B., S.S.); Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (W.L.B., O.A.-M., I.F.D.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (A.A.A., B.M.A.); Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (P.K.A.); Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (D.D.-S.); Center for Cancer Genomic Discovery, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts (A.R.T., P.V.H.); Department of Neuro-Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (P.K.B.); Center of Neuro-Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts (D.A.R., P.Y.W, R.B.); Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts (K.L.L., R.B.); Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA (S.S.)
| | - Keith L Ligon
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (M.A., P.H.M., R.B., M.L.L., S.H.R., R.D.F., K.L.L., A.H.L., S.S.); Department of Pathology, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (M.A.); King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (M.A.); Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (M.A., A.A.A., D.D.-S., P.K.B., D.A.R., P.Y.W., O.A.-M., S.H.R., R.D.F., K.L.L., A.H.L., B.M.A., I.F.D., R.B., S.S.); Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (W.L.B., O.A.-M., I.F.D.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (A.A.A., B.M.A.); Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (P.K.A.); Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (D.D.-S.); Center for Cancer Genomic Discovery, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts (A.R.T., P.V.H.); Department of Neuro-Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (P.K.B.); Center of Neuro-Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts (D.A.R., P.Y.W, R.B.); Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts (K.L.L., R.B.); Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA (S.S.)
| | - Azra H Ligon
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (M.A., P.H.M., R.B., M.L.L., S.H.R., R.D.F., K.L.L., A.H.L., S.S.); Department of Pathology, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (M.A.); King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (M.A.); Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (M.A., A.A.A., D.D.-S., P.K.B., D.A.R., P.Y.W., O.A.-M., S.H.R., R.D.F., K.L.L., A.H.L., B.M.A., I.F.D., R.B., S.S.); Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (W.L.B., O.A.-M., I.F.D.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (A.A.A., B.M.A.); Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (P.K.A.); Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (D.D.-S.); Center for Cancer Genomic Discovery, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts (A.R.T., P.V.H.); Department of Neuro-Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (P.K.B.); Center of Neuro-Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts (D.A.R., P.Y.W, R.B.); Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts (K.L.L., R.B.); Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA (S.S.)
| | - Brian M Alexander
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (M.A., P.H.M., R.B., M.L.L., S.H.R., R.D.F., K.L.L., A.H.L., S.S.); Department of Pathology, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (M.A.); King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (M.A.); Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (M.A., A.A.A., D.D.-S., P.K.B., D.A.R., P.Y.W., O.A.-M., S.H.R., R.D.F., K.L.L., A.H.L., B.M.A., I.F.D., R.B., S.S.); Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (W.L.B., O.A.-M., I.F.D.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (A.A.A., B.M.A.); Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (P.K.A.); Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (D.D.-S.); Center for Cancer Genomic Discovery, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts (A.R.T., P.V.H.); Department of Neuro-Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (P.K.B.); Center of Neuro-Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts (D.A.R., P.Y.W, R.B.); Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts (K.L.L., R.B.); Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA (S.S.)
| | - Ian F Dunn
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (M.A., P.H.M., R.B., M.L.L., S.H.R., R.D.F., K.L.L., A.H.L., S.S.); Department of Pathology, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (M.A.); King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (M.A.); Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (M.A., A.A.A., D.D.-S., P.K.B., D.A.R., P.Y.W., O.A.-M., S.H.R., R.D.F., K.L.L., A.H.L., B.M.A., I.F.D., R.B., S.S.); Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (W.L.B., O.A.-M., I.F.D.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (A.A.A., B.M.A.); Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (P.K.A.); Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (D.D.-S.); Center for Cancer Genomic Discovery, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts (A.R.T., P.V.H.); Department of Neuro-Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (P.K.B.); Center of Neuro-Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts (D.A.R., P.Y.W, R.B.); Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts (K.L.L., R.B.); Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA (S.S.)
| | - Rameen Beroukhim
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (M.A., P.H.M., R.B., M.L.L., S.H.R., R.D.F., K.L.L., A.H.L., S.S.); Department of Pathology, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (M.A.); King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (M.A.); Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (M.A., A.A.A., D.D.-S., P.K.B., D.A.R., P.Y.W., O.A.-M., S.H.R., R.D.F., K.L.L., A.H.L., B.M.A., I.F.D., R.B., S.S.); Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (W.L.B., O.A.-M., I.F.D.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (A.A.A., B.M.A.); Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (P.K.A.); Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (D.D.-S.); Center for Cancer Genomic Discovery, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts (A.R.T., P.V.H.); Department of Neuro-Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (P.K.B.); Center of Neuro-Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts (D.A.R., P.Y.W, R.B.); Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts (K.L.L., R.B.); Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA (S.S.)
| | - Sandro Santagata
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (M.A., P.H.M., R.B., M.L.L., S.H.R., R.D.F., K.L.L., A.H.L., S.S.); Department of Pathology, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (M.A.); King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (M.A.); Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (M.A., A.A.A., D.D.-S., P.K.B., D.A.R., P.Y.W., O.A.-M., S.H.R., R.D.F., K.L.L., A.H.L., B.M.A., I.F.D., R.B., S.S.); Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (W.L.B., O.A.-M., I.F.D.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (A.A.A., B.M.A.); Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (P.K.A.); Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (D.D.-S.); Center for Cancer Genomic Discovery, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts (A.R.T., P.V.H.); Department of Neuro-Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (P.K.B.); Center of Neuro-Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts (D.A.R., P.Y.W, R.B.); Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts (K.L.L., R.B.); Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA (S.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Kamata T, Sunami K, Yoshida A, Shiraishi K, Furuta K, Shimada Y, Katai H, Watanabe SI, Asamura H, Kohno T, Tsuta K. Frequent BRAF or EGFR Mutations in Ciliated Muconodular Papillary Tumors of the Lung. J Thorac Oncol 2015; 11:261-5. [PMID: 26718882 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2015.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2015] [Revised: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Ciliated muconodular papillary tumors (CMPTs) are recently characterized, rare peripheral nodules of the lung. These small tumors are histologically comprised of a vaguely organized mixture of nonatypical ciliated columnar cells, mucous cells, and basal cells, and consistently follow a benign clinical course. However, the histogenesis of CMPTs remains uncertain. METHODS We performed detailed genomic analyses of 10 archived CMPT cases, using next-generation sequencing and high-resolution melting analysis. RESULTS Mutations were identified in eight of the 10 cases (80%); four cases harbored the BRAF-V600E mutation, one case harbored the BRAF-G606R mutation, and three cases harbored deletions in exon 19 of EGFR. All of the deletions in EGFR were of the E746-T751/S752V subtype. CONCLUSIONS The high prevalence of driver gene mutations in CMPTs supports the notion that these lesions are neoplastic rather than reactive or metaplastic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tsugumasa Kamata
- Division of Pathology and Clinical Laboratories, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan; Division of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan; Advanced Clinical Research of Cancer, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kuniko Sunami
- Advanced Clinical Research of Cancer, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Division of Genome Biology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akihiko Yoshida
- Division of Pathology and Clinical Laboratories, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kouya Shiraishi
- Division of Genome Biology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koh Furuta
- Division of Clinical Laboratories, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoko Shimada
- Division of Genome Biology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Katai
- Advanced Clinical Research of Cancer, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Division of Gastric Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shun-Ichi Watanabe
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hisao Asamura
- Department of Surgery, Division of General Thoracic Surgery, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Kohno
- Division of Genome Biology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koji Tsuta
- Division of Pathology and Clinical Laboratories, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Kim YH, Yim H, Lee YH, Han JH, Lee KB, Lee J, Soh EY, Jeong SY, Kim JH. Evaluation of the VE1 Antibody in Thyroid Cytology Using Ex Vivo Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma Specimens. J Pathol Transl Med 2015; 50:58-66. [PMID: 26657312 PMCID: PMC4734968 DOI: 10.4132/jptm.2015.10.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Revised: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Recently, VE1, a monoclonal antibody against the BRAFV600E mutant protein, has been investigated in terms of its detection of the BRAFV600E mutation. Although VE1 immunostaining and molecular methods used to assess papillary thyroid carcinoma in surgical specimens are in good agreement, evaluation of VE1 in thyroid cytology samples is rarely performed, and its diagnostic value in cytology has not been well established. In present study, we explored VE1 immunoexpression in cytology samples from ex vivo papillary thyroid carcinoma specimens in order to minimize limitations of low cellularity and sampling/targeting errors originated from thyroid fineneedle aspiration and compared our results with those obtained using the corresponding papillary thyroid carcinoma tissues. Methods: The VE1 antibody was evaluated in 21 cases of thyroid cytology obtained directly from ex vivo thyroid specimens. VE1 immunostaining was performed using liquid-based cytology, and the results were compared with those obtained using the corresponding tissues. Results: Of 21 cases, 19 classic papillary thyroid carcinomas had BRAFV600E mutations, whereas two follicular variants expressed wild-type BRAF. VE1 immunoexpression varied according to specimen type. In detection of the BRAFV600E mutation, VE1 immunostaining of the surgical specimen exhibited 100% sensitivity and 100% specificity, whereas VE1 immunostaining of the cytology specimen exhibited only 94.7% sensitivity and 0% specificity. Conclusions: Our data suggest that VE1 immunostaining of a cytology specimen is less specific than that of a surgical specimen for detection of the BRAFV600E mutation, and that VE1 immunostaining of a cytology specimen should be further evaluated and optimized for clinical use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yon Hee Kim
- Department of Pathology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Hyunee Yim
- Department of Pathology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Yong-Hee Lee
- Department of Pathology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Jae Ho Han
- Department of Pathology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Kyi Beom Lee
- Department of Pathology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Jeonghun Lee
- Department of Surgery, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Euy Young Soh
- Department of Surgery, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Seon-Yong Jeong
- Department of Medical Genetics, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Jang-Hee Kim
- Department of Pathology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Marucci G, de Biase D, Zoli M, Faustini-Fustini M, Bacci A, Pasquini E, Visani M, Mazzatenta D, Frank G, Tallini G. Targeted BRAF and CTNNB1 next-generation sequencing allows proper classification of nonadenomatous lesions of the sellar region in samples with limiting amounts of lesional cells. Pituitary 2015; 18:905-11. [PMID: 26156055 DOI: 10.1007/s11102-015-0669-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the role of high sensitivity next-generation sequencing (NGS) of CTNNB1 for the diagnosis of adamantinomatous craniopharyngiomas (aCPs) and of BRAF for that of papillary CPs (pCPs) in routinely processed surgical samples of non-adenomatous sellar lesions. METHODS Forty-five cases of patients operated for non-adenomatous masses of the sellar region between 2004 and 2014 were retrieved from the files of the Anatomic Pathology unit of the Bellaria Hospital in Bologna, Italy. BRAF and CTNNB1 mutation status was analyzed by NGS in samples smaller than 1 cm(3) and histological re-evaluation was performed on all cases. RESULTS CTNNB1 mutation analysis showed a sensitivity of 86.7 % and a specificity of 96.2 % for the diagnosis of aCPs. The specificity increased to 100 % considering that in one case, initially classified as a non-CP lesion (xanthogranuloma), the identification of a CTNNB1 S47R lead to histological re-evaluation and reclassification of the lesion as aCP. BRAF mutation analysis had a sensitivity of 76.9 % and a specificity of 96.4 % for the diagnosis of pCPs. The specificity increased to 100 % considering that in one case, initially classified as a Rathke cyst, the identification of BRAF V600E lead to histological re-evaluation and reclassification of the lesion as pCP. CONCLUSIONS This study confirms the diagnostic relevance of the molecular alterations recently identified in aCPs and pCPs and shows how the identification of BRAF and CTNNB1 mutations can be instrumental for the proper classification of samples that contain limiting amounts of diagnostic lesional tissue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Marucci
- Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences (DiBiNeM), Anatomic Pathology, Bellaria Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Dario de Biase
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine - DIMES, Anatomic Pathology, Bellaria Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Matteo Zoli
- Center of Surgery for Pituitary Tumors and Endoscopic Skull Base Surgery, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Antonella Bacci
- Department of Neuroradiology, IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Michela Visani
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FaBiT), University of Bologna, Molecular Biology Unit, Bellaria Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Diego Mazzatenta
- Center of Surgery for Pituitary Tumors and Endoscopic Skull Base Surgery, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giorgio Frank
- Center of Surgery for Pituitary Tumors and Endoscopic Skull Base Surgery, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giovanni Tallini
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine - DIMES, Anatomic Pathology, Bellaria Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Brastianos PK, Shankar GM, Gill CM, Taylor-Weiner A, Nayyar N, Panka DJ, Sullivan RJ, Frederick DT, Abedalthagafi M, Jones PS, Dunn IF, Nahed BV, Romero JM, Louis DN, Getz G, Cahill DP, Santagata S, Curry WT, Barker FG. Dramatic Response of BRAF V600E Mutant Papillary Craniopharyngioma to Targeted Therapy. J Natl Cancer Inst 2015; 108:djv310. [PMID: 26498373 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djv310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We recently reported that BRAF V600E is the principal oncogenic driver of papillary craniopharyngioma, a highly morbid intracranial tumor commonly refractory to treatment. Here, we describe our treatment of a man age 39 years with multiply recurrent BRAF V600E craniopharyngioma using dabrafenib (150mg, orally twice daily) and trametinib (2mg, orally twice daily). After 35 days of treatment, tumor volume was reduced by 85%. Mutations that commonly mediate resistance to MAPK pathway inhibition were not detected in a post-treatment sample by whole exome sequencing. A blood-based BRAF V600E assay detected circulating BRAF V600E in the patient's blood. Re-evaluation of the existing management paradigms for craniopharyngioma is warranted, as patient morbidity might be reduced by noninvasive mutation testing and neoadjuvant-targeted treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Priscilla K Brastianos
- Department of Medicine (PKB, RS), Department of Neurology (PKB, CMG), Department of Neurosurgery (GMS, PJ, BN, DPC, WTC, FGB), Department of Surgical Oncology (DTF), Department of Pathology (GG, DNL), Cancer Center (PKB, CMG, NN, DNL), Department of Radiology (JR) Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Broad Institute (ATW, GG), Department of Pathology, (MA, SS) and Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital (IFD), Boston, MA; Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (DJP)
| | - Ganesh M Shankar
- Department of Medicine (PKB, RS), Department of Neurology (PKB, CMG), Department of Neurosurgery (GMS, PJ, BN, DPC, WTC, FGB), Department of Surgical Oncology (DTF), Department of Pathology (GG, DNL), Cancer Center (PKB, CMG, NN, DNL), Department of Radiology (JR) Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Broad Institute (ATW, GG), Department of Pathology, (MA, SS) and Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital (IFD), Boston, MA; Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (DJP)
| | - Corey M Gill
- Department of Medicine (PKB, RS), Department of Neurology (PKB, CMG), Department of Neurosurgery (GMS, PJ, BN, DPC, WTC, FGB), Department of Surgical Oncology (DTF), Department of Pathology (GG, DNL), Cancer Center (PKB, CMG, NN, DNL), Department of Radiology (JR) Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Broad Institute (ATW, GG), Department of Pathology, (MA, SS) and Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital (IFD), Boston, MA; Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (DJP)
| | - Amaro Taylor-Weiner
- Department of Medicine (PKB, RS), Department of Neurology (PKB, CMG), Department of Neurosurgery (GMS, PJ, BN, DPC, WTC, FGB), Department of Surgical Oncology (DTF), Department of Pathology (GG, DNL), Cancer Center (PKB, CMG, NN, DNL), Department of Radiology (JR) Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Broad Institute (ATW, GG), Department of Pathology, (MA, SS) and Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital (IFD), Boston, MA; Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (DJP)
| | - Naema Nayyar
- Department of Medicine (PKB, RS), Department of Neurology (PKB, CMG), Department of Neurosurgery (GMS, PJ, BN, DPC, WTC, FGB), Department of Surgical Oncology (DTF), Department of Pathology (GG, DNL), Cancer Center (PKB, CMG, NN, DNL), Department of Radiology (JR) Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Broad Institute (ATW, GG), Department of Pathology, (MA, SS) and Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital (IFD), Boston, MA; Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (DJP)
| | - David J Panka
- Department of Medicine (PKB, RS), Department of Neurology (PKB, CMG), Department of Neurosurgery (GMS, PJ, BN, DPC, WTC, FGB), Department of Surgical Oncology (DTF), Department of Pathology (GG, DNL), Cancer Center (PKB, CMG, NN, DNL), Department of Radiology (JR) Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Broad Institute (ATW, GG), Department of Pathology, (MA, SS) and Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital (IFD), Boston, MA; Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (DJP)
| | - Ryan J Sullivan
- Department of Medicine (PKB, RS), Department of Neurology (PKB, CMG), Department of Neurosurgery (GMS, PJ, BN, DPC, WTC, FGB), Department of Surgical Oncology (DTF), Department of Pathology (GG, DNL), Cancer Center (PKB, CMG, NN, DNL), Department of Radiology (JR) Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Broad Institute (ATW, GG), Department of Pathology, (MA, SS) and Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital (IFD), Boston, MA; Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (DJP)
| | - Dennie T Frederick
- Department of Medicine (PKB, RS), Department of Neurology (PKB, CMG), Department of Neurosurgery (GMS, PJ, BN, DPC, WTC, FGB), Department of Surgical Oncology (DTF), Department of Pathology (GG, DNL), Cancer Center (PKB, CMG, NN, DNL), Department of Radiology (JR) Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Broad Institute (ATW, GG), Department of Pathology, (MA, SS) and Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital (IFD), Boston, MA; Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (DJP)
| | - Malak Abedalthagafi
- Department of Medicine (PKB, RS), Department of Neurology (PKB, CMG), Department of Neurosurgery (GMS, PJ, BN, DPC, WTC, FGB), Department of Surgical Oncology (DTF), Department of Pathology (GG, DNL), Cancer Center (PKB, CMG, NN, DNL), Department of Radiology (JR) Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Broad Institute (ATW, GG), Department of Pathology, (MA, SS) and Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital (IFD), Boston, MA; Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (DJP)
| | - Pamela S Jones
- Department of Medicine (PKB, RS), Department of Neurology (PKB, CMG), Department of Neurosurgery (GMS, PJ, BN, DPC, WTC, FGB), Department of Surgical Oncology (DTF), Department of Pathology (GG, DNL), Cancer Center (PKB, CMG, NN, DNL), Department of Radiology (JR) Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Broad Institute (ATW, GG), Department of Pathology, (MA, SS) and Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital (IFD), Boston, MA; Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (DJP)
| | - Ian F Dunn
- Department of Medicine (PKB, RS), Department of Neurology (PKB, CMG), Department of Neurosurgery (GMS, PJ, BN, DPC, WTC, FGB), Department of Surgical Oncology (DTF), Department of Pathology (GG, DNL), Cancer Center (PKB, CMG, NN, DNL), Department of Radiology (JR) Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Broad Institute (ATW, GG), Department of Pathology, (MA, SS) and Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital (IFD), Boston, MA; Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (DJP)
| | - Brian V Nahed
- Department of Medicine (PKB, RS), Department of Neurology (PKB, CMG), Department of Neurosurgery (GMS, PJ, BN, DPC, WTC, FGB), Department of Surgical Oncology (DTF), Department of Pathology (GG, DNL), Cancer Center (PKB, CMG, NN, DNL), Department of Radiology (JR) Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Broad Institute (ATW, GG), Department of Pathology, (MA, SS) and Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital (IFD), Boston, MA; Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (DJP)
| | - Javier M Romero
- Department of Medicine (PKB, RS), Department of Neurology (PKB, CMG), Department of Neurosurgery (GMS, PJ, BN, DPC, WTC, FGB), Department of Surgical Oncology (DTF), Department of Pathology (GG, DNL), Cancer Center (PKB, CMG, NN, DNL), Department of Radiology (JR) Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Broad Institute (ATW, GG), Department of Pathology, (MA, SS) and Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital (IFD), Boston, MA; Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (DJP)
| | - David N Louis
- Department of Medicine (PKB, RS), Department of Neurology (PKB, CMG), Department of Neurosurgery (GMS, PJ, BN, DPC, WTC, FGB), Department of Surgical Oncology (DTF), Department of Pathology (GG, DNL), Cancer Center (PKB, CMG, NN, DNL), Department of Radiology (JR) Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Broad Institute (ATW, GG), Department of Pathology, (MA, SS) and Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital (IFD), Boston, MA; Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (DJP)
| | - Gad Getz
- Department of Medicine (PKB, RS), Department of Neurology (PKB, CMG), Department of Neurosurgery (GMS, PJ, BN, DPC, WTC, FGB), Department of Surgical Oncology (DTF), Department of Pathology (GG, DNL), Cancer Center (PKB, CMG, NN, DNL), Department of Radiology (JR) Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Broad Institute (ATW, GG), Department of Pathology, (MA, SS) and Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital (IFD), Boston, MA; Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (DJP)
| | - Daniel P Cahill
- Department of Medicine (PKB, RS), Department of Neurology (PKB, CMG), Department of Neurosurgery (GMS, PJ, BN, DPC, WTC, FGB), Department of Surgical Oncology (DTF), Department of Pathology (GG, DNL), Cancer Center (PKB, CMG, NN, DNL), Department of Radiology (JR) Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Broad Institute (ATW, GG), Department of Pathology, (MA, SS) and Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital (IFD), Boston, MA; Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (DJP)
| | - Sandro Santagata
- Department of Medicine (PKB, RS), Department of Neurology (PKB, CMG), Department of Neurosurgery (GMS, PJ, BN, DPC, WTC, FGB), Department of Surgical Oncology (DTF), Department of Pathology (GG, DNL), Cancer Center (PKB, CMG, NN, DNL), Department of Radiology (JR) Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Broad Institute (ATW, GG), Department of Pathology, (MA, SS) and Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital (IFD), Boston, MA; Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (DJP)
| | - William T Curry
- Department of Medicine (PKB, RS), Department of Neurology (PKB, CMG), Department of Neurosurgery (GMS, PJ, BN, DPC, WTC, FGB), Department of Surgical Oncology (DTF), Department of Pathology (GG, DNL), Cancer Center (PKB, CMG, NN, DNL), Department of Radiology (JR) Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Broad Institute (ATW, GG), Department of Pathology, (MA, SS) and Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital (IFD), Boston, MA; Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (DJP)
| | - Fred G Barker
- Department of Medicine (PKB, RS), Department of Neurology (PKB, CMG), Department of Neurosurgery (GMS, PJ, BN, DPC, WTC, FGB), Department of Surgical Oncology (DTF), Department of Pathology (GG, DNL), Cancer Center (PKB, CMG, NN, DNL), Department of Radiology (JR) Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Broad Institute (ATW, GG), Department of Pathology, (MA, SS) and Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital (IFD), Boston, MA; Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (DJP)
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Pyo JS, Sohn JH, Kang G. BRAF Immunohistochemistry Using Clone VE1 is Strongly Concordant with BRAF(V600E) Mutation Test in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma. Endocr Pathol 2015; 26:211-7. [PMID: 25957797 DOI: 10.1007/s12022-015-9374-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the concordance between BRAF(V600E) mutation test and immunohistochemistry (IHC) and determine the diagnostic accuracy of IHC for papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) through a systematic review, meta-analysis, and diagnostic test accuracy review. The current systematic review and meta-analysis included 1141 PTCs in 11 eligible studies. We investigated the concordance rate and performed subgroup analysis using tissue and cytologic samples. Diagnostic test accuracy review was conducted and calculated using the value of area under curve (AUC) on the summary receiver operating characteristic (SROC) curve. The positive rate of BRAF IHC was 79.1% (903 of 1141 cases), and the BRAF(V600E) mutation was found in 76.6% (874 of 1141 cases). The concordance rates were 0.921 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.877-0.950) and 0.894 (95% CI 0.801-0.946) in IHC positive and negative subgroups, respectively. In the diagnostic test accuracy review, the pooled sensitivity and specificity were 0.97 (95% CI 0.95-0.98) and 0.78 (95% CI 0.72-0.83). The value of AUC on SROC curve was 0.983, and diagnostic odds ratio was 164.28 (95% CI 57.69-467.80). Our results showed that BRAF IHC was strongly concordant with BRAF mutation test and had high diagnostic accuracy in BRAF mutation analysis of PTC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Soo Pyo
- Department of Pathology, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 78 Saemunan-gil, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 110-746, South Korea
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Jumeau F, Com E, Lane L, Duek P, Lagarrigue M, Lavigne R, Guillot L, Rondel K, Gateau A, Melaine N, Guével B, Sergeant N, Mitchell V, Pineau C. Human Spermatozoa as a Model for Detecting Missing Proteins in the Context of the Chromosome-Centric Human Proteome Project. J Proteome Res 2015; 14:3606-20. [PMID: 26168773 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.5b00170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The Chromosome-Centric Human Proteome Project (C-HPP) aims at cataloguing the proteins as gene products encoded by the human genome in a chromosome-centric manner. The existence of products of about 82% of the genes has been confirmed at the protein level. However, the number of so-called "missing proteins" remains significant. It was recently suggested that the expression of proteins that have been systematically missed might be restricted to particular organs or cell types, for example, the testis. Testicular function, and spermatogenesis in particular, is conditioned by the successive activation or repression of thousands of genes and proteins including numerous germ cell- and testis-specific products. Both the testis and postmeiotic germ cells are thus promising sites at which to search for missing proteins, and ejaculated spermatozoa are a potential source of proteins whose expression is restricted to the germ cell lineage. A trans-chromosome-based data analysis was performed to catalog missing proteins in total protein extracts from isolated human spermatozoa. We have identified and manually validated peptide matches to 89 missing proteins in human spermatozoa. In addition, we carefully validated three proteins that were scored as uncertain in the latest neXtProt release (09.19.2014). A focus was then given to the 12 missing proteins encoded on chromosomes 2 and 14, some of which may putatively play roles in ciliation and flagellum mechanistics. The expression pattern of C2orf57 and TEX37 was confirmed in the adult testis by immunohistochemistry. On the basis of transcript expression during human spermatogenesis, we further consider the potential for discovering additional missing proteins in the testicular postmeiotic germ cell lineage and in ejaculated spermatozoa. This project was conducted as part of the C-HPP initiatives on chromosomes 14 (France) and 2 (Switzerland). The mass spectrometry proteomics data have been deposited with the ProteomeXchange Consortium under the data set identifier PXD002367.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fanny Jumeau
- EA 4308-Department of Reproductive Biology-Spermiology-CECOS, CHRU-Lille , 59037, Lille cedex, France.,Inserm UMRS 1172, Centre Jean Pierre Aubert, IMPRT, University Lille Nord de France , 59045 Lille Cedex, France
| | - Emmanuelle Com
- Inserm U1085, Irset , Campus de Beaulieu, Rennes, 35042, France.,Protim, Campus de Beaulieu, Rennes, 35042, France
| | - Lydie Lane
- Department of Human Protein Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva , 1, rue Michel-Servet, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland.,SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, 1, rue Michel-Servet, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Paula Duek
- SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, 1, rue Michel-Servet, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Mélanie Lagarrigue
- Inserm U1085, Irset , Campus de Beaulieu, Rennes, 35042, France.,Protim, Campus de Beaulieu, Rennes, 35042, France
| | - Régis Lavigne
- Inserm U1085, Irset , Campus de Beaulieu, Rennes, 35042, France.,Protim, Campus de Beaulieu, Rennes, 35042, France
| | - Laëtitia Guillot
- Inserm U1085, Irset , Campus de Beaulieu, Rennes, 35042, France.,Protim, Campus de Beaulieu, Rennes, 35042, France
| | - Karine Rondel
- Inserm U1085, Irset , Campus de Beaulieu, Rennes, 35042, France.,Protim, Campus de Beaulieu, Rennes, 35042, France
| | - Alain Gateau
- SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, 1, rue Michel-Servet, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Nathalie Melaine
- Inserm U1085, Irset , Campus de Beaulieu, Rennes, 35042, France.,Protim, Campus de Beaulieu, Rennes, 35042, France
| | - Blandine Guével
- Inserm U1085, Irset , Campus de Beaulieu, Rennes, 35042, France.,Protim, Campus de Beaulieu, Rennes, 35042, France
| | - Nicolas Sergeant
- Inserm UMRS 1172, Centre Jean Pierre Aubert, IMPRT, University Lille Nord de France , 59045 Lille Cedex, France
| | - Valérie Mitchell
- EA 4308-Department of Reproductive Biology-Spermiology-CECOS, CHRU-Lille , 59037, Lille cedex, France
| | - Charles Pineau
- Inserm U1085, Irset , Campus de Beaulieu, Rennes, 35042, France.,Protim, Campus de Beaulieu, Rennes, 35042, France
| |
Collapse
|