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Santos GM, Granato-Souza D, Ancapichún S, Oelkers R, Haines HA, De Pol-Holz R, Andreu-Hayles L, Hua Q, Barbosa AC. A novel post-1950 CE atmospheric 14C record for the tropics using absolutely dated tree rings in the equatorial Amazon. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 918:170686. [PMID: 38325443 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
In this study, we present a comprehensive atmospheric radiocarbon (14C) record spanning from 1940 to 2016, derived from 77 single tree rings of Cedrela odorata located in the Eastern Amazon Basin (EAB). This record, comprising 175 high-precision 14C measurements obtained through accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS), offers a detailed chronology of post-1950 CE (Common Era) 14C fluctuations in the Tropical Low-Pressure Belt (TLPB). To ensure accuracy and reliability, we included 14C-AMS results from intra-annual successive cuts of the tree rings associated to the calendar years 1962 and 1963 and conducted interlaboratory comparisons. In addition, 14C concentrations in 1962 and 1963 single-year cuts also allowed to verify tissue growth seasonality. The strategic location of the tree, just above the Amazon River and estuary areas, prevented the influence of local fossil-CO2 emissions from mining and trade activities in the Central Amazon Basin on the 14C record. Our findings reveal a notable increase in 14C from land-respired CO2 starting in the 1970s, a decade earlier than previously predicted, followed by a slight decrease after 2000, signaling a transition towards the fossil fuel era. This shift is likely attributed to changes in reservoir sources or global atmospheric dynamics. The EAB 14C record, when compared with a shorter record from Muna Island, Indonesia, highlights regional differences and contributes to a more nuanced understanding of global 14C variations at low latitudes. This study not only fills critical spatial gaps in existing 14C compilations but also aids in refining the demarcation of 14C variations over South America. The extended tree-ring 14C record from the EAB is pivotal for reevaluating global patterns, particularly in the context of the current global carbon budget, and underscores the importance of tropical regions in understanding carbon-climate feedbacks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guaciara M Santos
- Department of Earth System Science, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
| | - Daniela Granato-Souza
- Department of Forest Sciences, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, MG, Brazil; Department of Geosciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA; Department of Natural Resource and Environmental Sciences, Alabama A&M University, Huntsville, AL, USA
| | - Santiago Ancapichún
- Centro de Investigación GAIA Antártica (CIGA), Universidad de Magallanes, Punta Arenas, Chile; Laboratorio de dendrocronología, Facultad de Ciencias Forestales y Recursos Naturales, Universidad Austral de Chile, Chile
| | - Rose Oelkers
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, Palisades, NY, USA
| | - Heather A Haines
- Department of Earth and Environmental Science, The University of New South Wales, Australia; Department of Geography, University of Nevada, Reno, USA
| | - Ricardo De Pol-Holz
- Centro de Investigación GAIA Antártica (CIGA), Universidad de Magallanes, Punta Arenas, Chile
| | - Laia Andreu-Hayles
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, Palisades, NY, USA; Ecological and Forestry Applications Research Centre (CREAF), Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain; Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Quan Hua
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Lucas Heights, NSW, Australia; School of Social Science, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
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Vogado N, Laurance SG, Liddell MJ, Engert JE, Wurster CM, Schiffer M, Thompson A, Nichols C, Cernusak LA. Assessing the effects of a drought experiment on the reproductive phenology and ecophysiology of a wet tropical rainforest community. CONSERVATION PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 11:coad064. [PMID: 37732160 PMCID: PMC10509008 DOI: 10.1093/conphys/coad064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Climate change is expected to increase the intensity and occurrence of drought in tropical regions, potentially affecting the phenology and physiology of tree species. Phenological activity may respond to a drying and warming environment by advancing reproductive timing and/or diminishing the production of flowers and fruits. These changes have the potential to disrupt important ecological processes, with potentially wide-ranging effects on tropical forest function. Here, we analysed the monthly flowering and fruiting phenology of a tree community (337 individuals from 30 species) over 7 years in a lowland tropical rainforest in northeastern Australia and its response to a throughfall exclusion drought experiment (TFE) that was carried out from 2016 to 2018 (3 years), excluding approximately 30% of rainfall. We further examined the ecophysiological effects of the TFE on the elemental (C:N) and stable isotope (δ13C and δ15N) composition of leaves, and on the stable isotope composition (δ13C and δ18O) of stem wood of four tree species. At the community level, there was no detectable effect of the TFE on flowering activity overall, but there was a significant effect recorded on fruiting and varying responses from the selected species. The reproductive phenology and physiology of the four species examined in detail were largely resistant to impacts of the TFE treatment. One canopy species in the TFE significantly increased in fruiting and flowering activity, whereas one understory species decreased significantly in both. There was a significant interaction between the TFE treatment and season on leaf C:N for two species. Stable isotope responses were also variable among species, indicating species-specific responses to the TFE. Thus, we did not observe consistent patterns in physiological and phenological changes in the tree community within the 3 years of TFE treatment examined in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nara Vogado
- Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science, College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, 1/14-88 McGregor Rd Smithfield, Cairns, 4870, Australia
| | - Susan G Laurance
- Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science, College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, 1/14-88 McGregor Rd Smithfield, Cairns, 4870, Australia
| | - Michael J Liddell
- Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science, College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, 1/14-88 McGregor Rd Smithfield, Cairns, 4870, Australia
| | - Jayden E Engert
- Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science, College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, 1/14-88 McGregor Rd Smithfield, Cairns, 4870, Australia
| | - Christopher M Wurster
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Australian Biodiversity and Heritage, James Cook University, 1/14-88 McGregor Rd Smithfield, Cairns, 4870, Australia
| | - Michele Schiffer
- Daintree Research Observatory, James Cook University, Cape Tribulation, 4873, Australia
| | - Andrew Thompson
- Daintree Research Observatory, James Cook University, Cape Tribulation, 4873, Australia
| | | | - Lucas A Cernusak
- Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science, College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, 1/14-88 McGregor Rd Smithfield, Cairns, 4870, Australia
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3
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Garwood NC, Metz MR, Queenborough SA, Persson V, Wright SJ, Burslem DFRP, Zambrano M, Valencia R. Seasonality of reproduction in an ever-wet lowland tropical forest in Amazonian Ecuador. Ecology 2023; 104:e4133. [PMID: 37376710 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.4133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Flowering and fruiting phenology have been infrequently studied in the ever-wet hyperdiverse lowland forests of northwestern equatorial Amazonía. These Neotropical forests are typically called aseasonal with reference to climate because they are ever-wet, and it is often assumed they are also aseasonal with respect to phenology. The physiological limits to plant reproduction imposed by water and light availability are difficult to disentangle in seasonal forests because these variables are often temporally correlated, and both are rarely studied together, challenging our understanding of their relative importance as drivers of reproduction. Here we report on the first long-term study (18 years) of flowering and fruiting phenology in a diverse equatorial forest, Yasuní in eastern Ecuador, and the first to include a full suite of on-site monthly climate data. Using twice monthly censuses of 200 traps and >1000 species, we determined whether reproduction at Yasuní is seasonal at the community and species levels and analyzed the relationships between environmental variables and phenology. We also tested the hypothesis that seasonality in phenology, if present, is driven primarily by irradiance. Both the community- and species-level measures demonstrated strong reproductive seasonality at Yasuní. Flowering peaked in September-November and fruiting peaked in March-April, with a strong annual signal for both phenophases. Irradiance and rainfall were also highly seasonal, even though no month on average experienced drought (a month with <100 mm rainfall). Flowering was positively correlated with current or near-current irradiance, supporting our hypothesis that the extra energy available during the period of peak irradiance drives the seasonality of flowering at Yasuní. As Yasuní is representative of lowland ever-wet equatorial forests of northwestern Amazonía, we expect that reproductive phenology will be strongly seasonal throughout this region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy C Garwood
- School of Biological Sciences, Life Science II, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois, USA
| | - Margaret R Metz
- Department of Biology, Lewis & Clark College, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Simon A Queenborough
- Yale School of the Environment, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Laboratorio de Ecología de Plantas, Escuela de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Viveca Persson
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
- Department of Botany, Natural History Museum, London, UK
| | - S Joseph Wright
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama City, Panama
| | | | - Milton Zambrano
- Laboratorio de Ecología de Plantas, Escuela de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Renato Valencia
- Laboratorio de Ecología de Plantas, Escuela de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
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Ssali F, Sheil D. Seasonality in the equatorial tropics: Flower, fruit, and leaf phenology of montane trees in the highlands of Southwest Uganda. Biotropica 2023. [DOI: 10.1111/btp.13219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
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New directions in tropical phenology. Trends Ecol Evol 2022; 37:683-693. [PMID: 35680467 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2022.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Earth's most speciose biomes are in the tropics, yet tropical plant phenology remains poorly understood. Tropical phenological data are comparatively scarce and viewed through the lens of a 'temperate phenological paradigm' expecting phenological traits to respond to strong, predictably annual shifts in climate (e.g., between subfreezing and frost-free periods). Digitized herbarium data greatly expand existing phenological data for tropical plants; and circular data, statistics, and models are more appropriate for analyzing tropical (and temperate) phenological datasets. Phylogenetic information, which remains seldom applied in phenological investigations, provides new insights into phenological responses of large groups of related species to climate. Consistent combined use of herbarium data, circular statistical distributions, and robust phylogenies will rapidly advance our understanding of tropical - and temperate - phenology.
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Liang Q, Song K, Lu M, Dai T, Yang J, Wan J, Li L, Chen J, Zhan R, Wang S. Transcriptome and Metabolome Analyses Reveal the Involvement of Multiple Pathways in Flowering Intensity in Mango. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:933923. [PMID: 35909785 PMCID: PMC9330041 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.933923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Mango (Mangifera indica L.) is famous for its sweet flavor and aroma. China is one of the major mango-producing countries. Mango is known for variations in flowering intensity that impacts fruit yield and farmers' profitability. In the present study, transcriptome and metabolome analyses of three cultivars with different flowering intensities were performed to preliminarily elucidate their regulatory mechanisms. The transcriptome profiling identified 36,242 genes. The major observation was the differential expression patterns of 334 flowering-related genes among the three mango varieties. The metabolome profiling detected 1,023 metabolites that were grouped into 11 compound classes. Our results show that the interplay of the FLOWERING LOCUS T and CONSTANS together with their upstream/downstream regulators/repressors modulate flowering robustness. We found that both gibberellins and auxins are associated with the flowering intensities of studied mango varieties. Finally, we discuss the roles of sugar biosynthesis and ambient temperature pathways in mango flowering. Overall, this study presents multiple pathways that can be manipulated in mango trees regarding flowering robustness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingzhi Liang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruit Biology, Ministry of Agriculture, South Subtropical Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang, China
- *Correspondence: Qingzhi Liang
| | - Kanghua Song
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruit Biology, Ministry of Agriculture, South Subtropical Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Mingsheng Lu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruit Biology, Ministry of Agriculture, South Subtropical Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang, China
- College of Tropical Crops, Yunnan Agricultural University, Puer, China
| | - Tao Dai
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruit Biology, Ministry of Agriculture, South Subtropical Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang, China
- College of Tropical Crops, Yunnan Agricultural University, Puer, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Zhanjiang Experimental Station, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Jiaxin Wan
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruit Biology, Ministry of Agriculture, South Subtropical Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang, China
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Li Li
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruit Biology, Ministry of Agriculture, South Subtropical Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Jingjing Chen
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruit Biology, Ministry of Agriculture, South Subtropical Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Rulin Zhan
- Haikou Experimental Station, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
- Rulin Zhan
| | - Songbiao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruit Biology, Ministry of Agriculture, South Subtropical Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang, China
- Songbiao Wang
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Clerget B, Sidibe M, Bueno CS, Grenier C, Kawakata T, Domingo AJ, Layaoen HL, Gutiérrez-Palacios ND, Bernal JH, Trouche G, Chantereau J. Crop photoperiodism model 2.0 for the flowering time of sorghum and rice that includes daily changes in sunrise and sunset times and temperature acclimation. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2021; 128:97-113. [PMID: 33821947 PMCID: PMC8318259 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcab048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Daylength determines flowering dates. However, questions remain regarding flowering dates in the natural environment, such as the synchronous flowering of plants sown simultaneously at highly contrasting latitudes. The daily change in sunrise and sunset times is the cue for the flowering of trees and for the synchronization of moulting in birds at the equator. Sunrise and sunset also synchronize the cell circadian clock, which is involved in the regulation of flowering. The goal of this study was to update the photoperiodism model with knowledge acquired since its conception. METHODS A large dataset was gathered, including four 2-year series of monthly sowings of 28 sorghum varieties in Mali and two 1-year series of monthly sowings of eight rice varieties in the Philippines to compare with previously published monthly sowings in Japan and Malaysia, and data from sorghum breeders in France, Nicaragua and Colombia. An additive linear model of the duration in days to panicle initiation (PI) and flowering time using daylength and daily changes in sunrise and sunset times was implemented. KEY RESULTS Simultaneous with the phyllochron, the duration to PI of field crops acclimated to the mean temperature at seedling emergence within the usual range of mean cropping temperatures. A unique additive linear model combining daylength and daily changes in sunrise and sunset hours was accurately fitted for any type of response in the duration to PI to the sowing date without any temperature input. Once calibrated on a complete and an incomplete monthly sowing series at two tropical latitudes, the model accurately predicted the duration to PI of the concerned varieties from the equatorial to the temperate zone. CONCLUSIONS Including the daily changes in sunrise and sunset times in the updated photoperiodism model largely improved its accuracy at the latitude of each experiment. More research is needed to ascertain its multi-latitudinal accuracy, especially at latitudes close to the equator.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Clerget
- CIRAD, UMR AGAP Institut, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - M Sidibe
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Bamako, Mali
| | - C S Bueno
- International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), Metro Manila, Philippines
- Institute of Crop Science, University of the Philippines Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines
| | - C Grenier
- CIRAD, UMR AGAP Institut, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Cali, Colombia
| | - T Kawakata
- Tohoku Agricultural Research Center NARO, 4 Akahira Shimo-Kuriyagawa, Morioka, Iwate, Japan
| | - A J Domingo
- International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), Metro Manila, Philippines
| | - H L Layaoen
- International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), Metro Manila, Philippines
| | | | - J H Bernal
- La Libertad Research Center, Agrosavia, Villavicencio, Colombia
| | - G Trouche
- CIRAD, UMR AGAP Institut, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - J Chantereau
- CIRAD, UMR AGAP Institut, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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Bock BC, Espinal-Garcia PA, Silva-Macias JD, Páez VP. Risk of Nest Flooding in a Population of the Magdalena River Turtle (Podocnemis lewyana) Inhabiting the Climatic Equator in Northern Colombia. SOUTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HERPETOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.2994/sajh-d-19-00105.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brian C. Bock
- Grupo Herpetológico de Antioquia, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | | | - Juan David Silva-Macias
- Facultad de Estudios Ambientales y Rurales, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Vivian P. Páez
- Grupo Herpetológico de Antioquia, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
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Phenological responses to climate change based on a hundred years of herbarium collections of tropical Melastomataceae. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0251360. [PMID: 33961684 PMCID: PMC8104365 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0251360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Changes in phenological events have been vastly documented in face of recent global climate change. These studies are concentrated on temperate plants, and the responses of tropical species are still little understood, likely due to the lack of long-term phenological records in the tropics. In this case, the use of herbarium specimens to gather phenological data over long periods and wide geographic areas has emerged as a powerful tool. Here, we used four Melastomataceae species endemic to the Brazilian Atlantic Forest to evaluate phenological patterns and alterations as responses to recent climate changes. Phenological data were gathered from Reflora Virtual Herbarium specimens collected between 1920 and 2018, and analyzed with circular statistics applied to the intervals 1920–1979, 1980–1999, and 2000–2018. The effects of temperature range, average temperature, precipitation, and photoperiod on flowering and fruiting of each species were tested using multiple linear regressions. Through circular statistics, we detected changes, mostly delays, in the flowering of Miconia quinquedentata, Pleroma clavatum and P. trichopodum, and in the fruiting of M. acutiflora, P. clavatum and P. trichopodum. We also found that flowering and fruiting occurrence were related to local climatic conditions from months prior to the collections. We found marked phenological variations over the decades and also that these variations are associated to global climate change, adding up to the large body of evidence from higher latitudes. Our results also support herbarium collections as an important source for long-term tropical phenological studies. The lack of consistent patterns of responses among the four species (e.g. fruiting delayed two months in P. clavatum and advanced one month in M. acutiflora) suggests that climate change has unequal effects across tropical forests. This highlights the urgent need for further research to understand and forecast the ecological implications of these changes in global ecosystems processes.
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Galvão FG, Alves de Lima AL, Candeia de Oliveira C, Silva VF, Rodal MJN. The importance of wood density in determining the phenology of tree species in a coastal rain forest. Biotropica 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/btp.12954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - André Luiz Alves de Lima
- Academic Unit of Serra Talhada (UAST) Federal Rural University of Pernambuco –UFRPE Serra Talhada PE Brazil
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Singh RK, Bhalerao RP, Eriksson ME. Growing in time: exploring the molecular mechanisms of tree growth. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 41:657-678. [PMID: 32470114 PMCID: PMC8033248 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpaa065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Trees cover vast areas of the Earth's landmasses. They mitigate erosion, capture carbon dioxide, produce oxygen and support biodiversity, and also are a source of food, raw materials and energy for human populations. Understanding the growth cycles of trees is fundamental for many areas of research. Trees, like most other organisms, have evolved a circadian clock to synchronize their growth and development with the daily and seasonal cycles of the environment. These regular changes in light, daylength and temperature are perceived via a range of dedicated receptors and cause resetting of the circadian clock to local time. This allows anticipation of daily and seasonal fluctuations and enables trees to co-ordinate their metabolism and physiology to ensure vital processes occur at the optimal times. In this review, we explore the current state of knowledge concerning the regulation of growth and seasonal dormancy in trees, using information drawn from model systems such as Populus spp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Kumar Singh
- Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Umeå University, Umeå SE-901 87, Sweden
| | - Rishikesh P Bhalerao
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå SE-901 82, Sweden
| | - Maria E Eriksson
- Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Umeå University, Umeå SE-901 87, Sweden
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Reproductive phenology and its drivers in a tropical rainforest national park in China: Implications for Hainan gibbon (Nomascus hainanus) conservation. Glob Ecol Conserv 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2020.e01317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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13
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Kobayashi MJ, Ng KKS, Lee SL, Muhammad N, Tani N. Temperature is a regulator of leaf production in the family Dipterocarpaceae of equatorial Southeast Asia. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2020; 107:1491-1503. [PMID: 33190268 PMCID: PMC7756354 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.1557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE Leaf phenology is an essential developmental process in trees and an important component in understanding climate change. However, little is known about the regulation of leaf phenology in tropical trees. METHODS To understand the regulation by temperature of leaf phenology in tropical trees, we performed daily observations of leaf production under rainfall-independent conditions using saplings of Shorea leprosula and Neobalanocarpus heimii, both species of Dipterocarpaceae, a dominant tree family of Southeast Asia. We analyzed the time-series data obtained using empirical dynamic modeling (EDM) and conducted growth chamber experiments. RESULTS Leaf production by dipterocarps fluctuated in the absence of fluctuation in rainfall, and the peaks of leaf production were more frequent than those of day length, suggesting that leaf production cannot be fully explained by these environmental factors, although they have been proposed as regulators of leaf phenology in dipterocarps. Instead, EDM suggested a causal relationship between temperature and leaf production in dipterocarps. Leaf production by N. heimii saplings in chambers significantly increased when temperature was increased after long-term low-temperature treatment. This increase in leaf production was observed even when only nighttime temperature was elevated, suggesting that the effect of temperature on development is not mediated by photosynthesis. CONCLUSIONS Because seasonal variation in temperature in the tropics is small, effects on leaf phenology have been overlooked. However, our results suggest that temperature is a regulator of leaf phenology in dipterocarps. This information will contribute to better understanding of the effects of climate change in the tropics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki J. Kobayashi
- Forestry DivisionJapan International Research Centre for Agricultural SciencesOhwashi, TsukubaIbaraki305‐8686Japan
| | - Kevin Kit Siong Ng
- Forestry Biotechnology DivisionForest Research Institute MalaysiaKepongSelangor Darul EhsanMalaysia
| | - Soon Leong Lee
- Forestry Biotechnology DivisionForest Research Institute MalaysiaKepongSelangor Darul EhsanMalaysia
| | - Norwati Muhammad
- Forestry Biotechnology DivisionForest Research Institute MalaysiaKepongSelangor Darul EhsanMalaysia
| | - Naoki Tani
- Forestry DivisionJapan International Research Centre for Agricultural SciencesOhwashi, TsukubaIbaraki305‐8686Japan
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental SciencesUniversity of TsukubaTennodai, TsukubaIbaraki305‐8577Japan
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Effect of emergence time on growth and fecundity of Rapistrum rugosum and Brassica tournefortii in the northern region of Australia. Sci Rep 2020; 10:15979. [PMID: 32994426 PMCID: PMC7524807 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-72582-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Weeds from Brassicaceae family are a major threat in many crops including canola, chickpea, cotton and wheat. Rapistrum rugosum (L) All. and Brassica tournefortii Gouan. are two troublesome weeds in the northern region of Australia. In order to examine their phenology of these weeds, a pot study was conducted in 2018 at the Research Farm of the University of Queensland, Gatton campus with two populations sourced from high (Gatton) and medium (St George) rainfall areas of the northern grain region of Australia. Planting was carried out monthly from April to September, and the growth, flowering and seed production were evaluated. Maximum growth and seed production were observed in weeds planted in April, compared to other planting dates. Biomass of R. rugosum and B. tournefortii was reduced by 85% and 78%, respectively, as a result of the delay in planting from April to July. R. rugosum and B. tournefortii produced more than 13,000 and 3500 seeds plant−1, respectively, when planted in April and seed production was reduced by > 84% and > 76% when planted in July. No significant differences were observed between populations of both weeds for plant height, number of leaves and biomass, however, the medium rainfall population of R. rugosum produced more seeds than the high rainfall population when planted in April. The results of this study suggest that, although R. rugosum and B. tournefortii were able to emerge in a wider time frame, the growth and seed production were greatest when both weeds were planted in April and there was concomitant reduction in growth attributes when planted in the subsequent months, indicating that management of these weeds early in the cropping season is a prerequisite to population reduction and the mitigation of crop yield losses.
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Photoperiod and temperature as dominant environmental drivers triggering secondary growth resumption in Northern Hemisphere conifers. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:20645-20652. [PMID: 32759218 PMCID: PMC7456155 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2007058117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Wood formation consumes around 15% of the anthropogenic CO2 emissions per year and plays a critical role in long-term sequestration of carbon on Earth. However, the exogenous factors driving wood formation onset and the underlying cellular mechanisms are still poorly understood and quantified, and this hampers an effective assessment of terrestrial forest productivity and carbon budget under global warming. Here, we used an extensive collection of unique datasets of weekly xylem tissue formation (wood formation) from 21 coniferous species across the Northern Hemisphere (latitudes 23 to 67°N) to present a quantitative demonstration that the onset of wood formation in Northern Hemisphere conifers is primarily driven by photoperiod and mean annual temperature (MAT), and only secondarily by spring forcing, winter chilling, and moisture availability. Photoperiod interacts with MAT and plays the dominant role in regulating the onset of secondary meristem growth, contrary to its as-yet-unquantified role in affecting the springtime phenology of primary meristems. The unique relationships between exogenous factors and wood formation could help to predict how forest ecosystems respond and adapt to climate warming and could provide a better understanding of the feedback occurring between vegetation and climate that is mediated by phenology. Our study quantifies the role of major environmental drivers for incorporation into state-of-the-art Earth system models (ESMs), thereby providing an improved assessment of long-term and high-resolution observations of biogeochemical cycles across terrestrial biomes.
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Abstract
Pollination is the transfer of pollen grains from the stamens to the stigma, an essential requirement of sexual reproduction in flowering plants. Cross-pollination increases genetic diversity and is favored by selection in the majority of situations. Flowering plants have evolved a wide variety of traits that influence pollination success, including those involved in optimization of self-pollination, attraction of animal pollinators, and the effective use of wind pollination. In this review we discuss our current understanding of the molecular basis of the development and production of these various traits. We conclude that recent integration of molecular developmental studies with population genetic approaches is improving our understanding of how selection acts on key floral traits in taxonomically diverse species, and that further work in nonmodel systems promises to provide exciting insights in the years to come.
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Affiliation(s)
- Róisín Fattorini
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EA, United Kingdom;
| | - Beverley J Glover
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EA, United Kingdom;
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Tani N, Abdul Hamid ZA, Joseph N, Sulaiman O, Hashim R, Arai T, Satake A, Kondo T, Kosugi A. Small temperature variations are a key regulator of reproductive growth and assimilate storage in oil palm (Elaeis guineensis). Sci Rep 2020; 10:650. [PMID: 31959766 PMCID: PMC6971258 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-57170-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Oil palm is an important crop for global vegetable oil production, and is widely grown in the humid tropical regions of Southeast Asia. Projected future climate change may well threaten palm oil production. However, oil palm plantations currently produce large amounts of unutilised biological waste. Oil palm stems – which comprise two-thirds of the waste - are especially relevant because they can contain high levels of non-structural carbohydrates (NSC) that can serve as feedstock for biorefineries. The NSC in stem are also considered a potent buffer to source-sink imbalances. In the present study, we monitored stem NSC levels and female reproductive growth. We then applied convergent cross mapping (CCM) to assess the causal relationship between the time-series. Mutual causal relationships between female reproductive growth and the stem NSC were detected, with the exception of a relationship between female reproductive organ growth and starch levels. The NSC levels were also influenced by long-term cumulative temperature, with the relationship showing a seven-month time lag. The dynamic between NSC levels and long-term cumulative rainfall showed a shorter time lag. The lower temperatures and higher cumulative rainfall observed from October to December identify this as a period with maximum stem NSC stocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Tani
- Forestry Division, Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences (JIRCAS), Ohwashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8686, Japan. .,Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8577, Japan.
| | - Zubaidah Aimi Abdul Hamid
- Bioresource, Paper and Coatings Technology, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM-SIT), 11800, Penang, Malaysia.,Faculty of Bioengineering and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli Campus, Locked Bag 100, 16700, Jeli, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Natra Joseph
- Bioresource, Paper and Coatings Technology, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM-SIT), 11800, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Othman Sulaiman
- Bioresource, Paper and Coatings Technology, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM-SIT), 11800, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Rokiah Hashim
- Bioresource, Paper and Coatings Technology, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM-SIT), 11800, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Takamitsu Arai
- Biological Resources and Post-harvest Division, Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences (JIRCAS), Ohwashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8686, Japan
| | - Akiko Satake
- Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Kondo
- Graduate School for International Development and Cooperation, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-8529, Japan.,Biological Resources and Post-harvest Division, Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences (JIRCAS), Ohwashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8686, Japan
| | - Akihiko Kosugi
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8577, Japan. .,Biological Resources and Post-harvest Division, Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences (JIRCAS), Ohwashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8686, Japan.
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de Souza ACP, da Costa RC. Differences in leaf phenology between juvenile and adult individuals of two tree species in a seasonally dry tropical woodland. AUSTRAL ECOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/aec.12851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Rafael Carvalho da Costa
- Biology Department; Federal University of Ceara - UFC; Building 906, Campus do Pici 60440-900 Fortaleza Brazil
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Adole T, Dash J, Rodriguez-Galiano V, Atkinson PM. Photoperiod controls vegetation phenology across Africa. Commun Biol 2019; 2:391. [PMID: 31667365 PMCID: PMC6814729 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-019-0636-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Vegetation phenology is driven by environmental factors such as photoperiod, precipitation, temperature, insolation, and nutrient availability. However, across Africa, there's ambiguity about these drivers, which can lead to uncertainty in the predictions of global warming impacts on terrestrial ecosystems and their representation in dynamic vegetation models. Using satellite data, we undertook a systematic analysis of the relationship between phenological parameters and these drivers. The analysis across different regions consistently revealed photoperiod as the dominant factor controlling the onset and end of vegetation growing season. Moreover, the results suggest that not one, but a combination of drivers control phenological events. Consequently, to enhance our predictions of climate change impacts, the role of photoperiod should be incorporated into vegetation-climate and ecosystem modelling. Furthermore, it is necessary to define clearly the responses of vegetation to interactions between a consistent photoperiod cue and inter-annual variation in other drivers, especially under a changing climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracy Adole
- School of Geography and Environmental Science, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ UK
| | - Jadunandan Dash
- School of Geography and Environmental Science, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ UK
| | - Victor Rodriguez-Galiano
- Physical Geography and Regional Geographic Analysis, University of Seville, Seville, 41004 Spain
| | - Peter M. Atkinson
- School of Geography and Environmental Science, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ UK
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YR UK
- School of Geography, Archaeology and Palaeoecology, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, BT7 1NN Northern Ireland, UK
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De Mil T, Hubau W, Angoboy Ilondea B, Rocha Vargas MA, Boeckx P, Steppe K, Van Acker J, Beeckman H, Van den Bulcke J. Asynchronous leaf and cambial phenology in a tree species of the Congo Basin requires space-time conversion of wood traits. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2019; 124:245-253. [PMID: 31170728 PMCID: PMC6758582 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcz069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Wood traits are increasingly being used to document tree performance. In the Congo Basin, however, weaker seasonality causes asynchrony of wood traits between trees. Here, we monitor growth and phenology data to date the formation of traits. METHODS For two seasons, leaf and cambial phenology were monitored on four Terminalia superba trees (Mayombe) using cameras, cambial pinning and dendrometers. Subsequently, vessel lumen and parenchyma fractions as well as high-resolution isotopes (δ13C/δ18O) were quantified on the formed rings. All traits were dated and related to weather data. KEY RESULTS We observed between-tree differences in green-up of 45 d, with trees flushing before and after the rainy season. The lag between green-up and onset of xylem formation was 59 ± 21 d. The xylem growing season lasted 159 ± 17 d with between-tree differences of up to 53 d. Synchronized vessel, parenchyma and δ13C profiles were related to each other. Only parenchyma fraction and δ13C were correlated to weather variables, whereas the δ18O pattern showed no trend. CONCLUSIONS Asynchrony of leaf and cambial phenology complicates correct interpretation of environmental information recorded in wood. An integrated approach including high-resolution measurements of growth, stable isotopes and anatomical features allows exact dating of the formation of traits. This methodology offers a means to explore the asynchrony of growth in a rainforest and contribute to understanding this aspect of forest resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom De Mil
- UGCT-UGent-Woodlab, Ghent University, Laboratory of Wood Technology, Department of Environment, Gent, Belgium
- Royal Museum for Central Africa, Wood Biology Service, Tervuren, Belgium
| | - Wannes Hubau
- Royal Museum for Central Africa, Wood Biology Service, Tervuren, Belgium
| | - Bhély Angoboy Ilondea
- UGCT-UGent-Woodlab, Ghent University, Laboratory of Wood Technology, Department of Environment, Gent, Belgium
- Royal Museum for Central Africa, Wood Biology Service, Tervuren, Belgium
- Institut National pour l’Etude et la Recherche Agronomiques, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Mirvia Angela Rocha Vargas
- UGCT-UGent-Woodlab, Ghent University, Laboratory of Wood Technology, Department of Environment, Gent, Belgium
- Isotope Bioscience Laboratory – ISOFYS, Ghent University, Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Gent, Belgium
| | - Pascal Boeckx
- Isotope Bioscience Laboratory – ISOFYS, Ghent University, Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Gent, Belgium
| | - Kathy Steppe
- Laboratory of Plant Ecology, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Joris Van Acker
- UGCT-UGent-Woodlab, Ghent University, Laboratory of Wood Technology, Department of Environment, Gent, Belgium
| | - Hans Beeckman
- Royal Museum for Central Africa, Wood Biology Service, Tervuren, Belgium
| | - Jan Van den Bulcke
- UGCT-UGent-Woodlab, Ghent University, Laboratory of Wood Technology, Department of Environment, Gent, Belgium
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Peel JR, Golubov J, Mandujano MC, López‐Portillo J. Phenology and floral synchrony of
Rhizophora mangle
along a natural salinity gradient. Biotropica 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/btp.12644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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22
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Texier N, Deblauwe V, Stévart T, Sonké B, Simo-Droissart M, Azandi L, Bose R, Djuikouo MN, Kamdem G, Kamdem N, Mayogo S, Zemagho L, Droissart V. Spatio-temporal patterns of orchids flowering in Cameroonian rainforests. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY 2018; 62:1931-1944. [PMID: 30215186 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-018-1594-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We characterized the flowering patterns of 45 epiphytic orchid species occurring in Cameroonian rainforests to explore the environmental and evolutionary forces driving their phenology. We used a dataset of 3470 flowering events recorded over a period of 11 years in the Yaoundé living collection (82% of the flowering events) and from in situ observations (18% of the flowering events) to (i) describe flowering frequency and timing and synchronization among taxa; (ii) test flowering patterns for phylogenetic relatedness at the generic level; and (iii) investigate the spatial patterns of phenology. An annual flowering pattern prevailed among the species selected for this study. The species-rich African genera Angraecum and Polystachya are characterized by subannual and annual frequency patterns, respectively. However, in terms of flowering time, no phylogenetic signal was detected for the four most diverse genera (Ancistrorhynchus, Angraecum, Bulbophyllum, and Polystachya). Results suggest also an important role of photoperiod and precipitation as climatic triggers of flowering patterns. Moreover, 16% of the taxa cultivated ex situ, mostly Polystachya, showed significant differences in flowering time between individuals originating from distinct climatic regions, pointing toward the existence of phenological ecotypes. Phenological plasticity, suggested by the lack of synchronized flowering in spatially disjunct populations of Polystachya, could explain the widespread radiation of this genus throughout tropical Africa. Our study highlights the need to take the spatial pattern of flowering time into account when interpreting phylogeographic patterns in central African rainforests.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Texier
- Faculty of Sciences, Evolutionary Biology and Ecology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, CP160/12, 50 Av. F. Roosevelt, 1050, Brussels, Belgium.
- Herbarium et Bibliothèque de Botanique africaine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, CP 265, Boulevard du Triomphe, B-1050, Brussels, Belgium.
- Plant Systematics and Ecology Laboratory, Higher Teachers' Training College, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
- Africa & Madagascar Department, Missouri Botanical Garden, P.O. Box 299, St. Louis, MO, 63166-0299, USA.
| | - V Deblauwe
- Herbarium et Bibliothèque de Botanique africaine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, CP 265, Boulevard du Triomphe, B-1050, Brussels, Belgium
- Center for Tropical Research, Institute of the Environment and Sustainability, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - T Stévart
- Herbarium et Bibliothèque de Botanique africaine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, CP 265, Boulevard du Triomphe, B-1050, Brussels, Belgium
- Africa & Madagascar Department, Missouri Botanical Garden, P.O. Box 299, St. Louis, MO, 63166-0299, USA
- Agentschap Plantentuin Meise, Domein van Bouchout, Nieuwelaan 38, BE-1860, Meise, Belgium
| | - B Sonké
- Herbarium et Bibliothèque de Botanique africaine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, CP 265, Boulevard du Triomphe, B-1050, Brussels, Belgium
- Plant Systematics and Ecology Laboratory, Higher Teachers' Training College, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
- Africa & Madagascar Department, Missouri Botanical Garden, P.O. Box 299, St. Louis, MO, 63166-0299, USA
| | - M Simo-Droissart
- Plant Systematics and Ecology Laboratory, Higher Teachers' Training College, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - L Azandi
- Plant Systematics and Ecology Laboratory, Higher Teachers' Training College, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - R Bose
- AMAP, IRD, CIRAD, CNRS, INRA, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - M-N Djuikouo
- Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
| | - G Kamdem
- Plant Systematics and Ecology Laboratory, Higher Teachers' Training College, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - N Kamdem
- Plant Systematics and Ecology Laboratory, Higher Teachers' Training College, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - S Mayogo
- Plant Systematics and Ecology Laboratory, Higher Teachers' Training College, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - L Zemagho
- Plant Systematics and Ecology Laboratory, Higher Teachers' Training College, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - V Droissart
- Herbarium et Bibliothèque de Botanique africaine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, CP 265, Boulevard du Triomphe, B-1050, Brussels, Belgium
- Plant Systematics and Ecology Laboratory, Higher Teachers' Training College, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
- Africa & Madagascar Department, Missouri Botanical Garden, P.O. Box 299, St. Louis, MO, 63166-0299, USA
- AMAP, IRD, CIRAD, CNRS, INRA, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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Babweteera F, Plumptre AJ, Adamescu GS, Shoo LP, Beale CM, Reynolds V, Nyeko P, Muhanguzi G. The ecology of tree reproduction in an African medium altitude rain forest. Biotropica 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/btp.12563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fred Babweteera
- Budongo Conservation Field Station; P.O. Box 362 Masindi Uganda
- Department of Forestry, Biodiversity and Tourism; Makerere University; P.O. Box 7062 Kampala Uganda
| | - Andrew J. Plumptre
- Budongo Conservation Field Station; P.O. Box 362 Masindi Uganda
- Wildlife Conservation Society; 2300 Southern Boulevard Bronx NY 10460 USA
- Conservation Science Group; Department of Zoology; Cambridge University; Pembroke Rd Cambridge UK
| | | | - Luke P. Shoo
- School of Biological Sciences; The University of Queensland; St Lucia Brisbane Qld 4072 Australia
| | - Colin M. Beale
- Department of Biology; University of York; Wentworth Way York YO10 5DD UK
| | - Vernon Reynolds
- Department of Biological Anthropology; University of Oxford; Banbury Rd Oxford UK
| | - Philip Nyeko
- Department of Forestry, Biodiversity and Tourism; Makerere University; P.O. Box 7062 Kampala Uganda
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24
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Tree Community Phenodynamics and Its Relationship with Climatic Conditions in a Lowland Tropical Rainforest. FORESTS 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/f9030114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Chomicki G, Coiro M, Renner SS. Evolution and ecology of plant architecture: integrating insights from the fossil record, extant morphology, developmental genetics and phylogenies. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2017; 120:855-891. [PMID: 29165551 PMCID: PMC5710528 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcx113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In contrast to most animals, plants have an indeterminate body plan, which allows them to add new body parts during their lifetime. A plant's realized modular construction is the result of exogenous constraints and endogenous processes. This review focuses on endogenous processes that shape plant architectures and their evolution. SCOPE The phylogenetic distribution of plant growth forms across the phylogeny implies that body architectures have originated and been lost repeatedly, being shaped by a limited set of genetic pathways. We (1) synthesize concepts of plant architecture, so far captured in 23 models; (2) extend them to the fossil record; (3) summarize what is known about their developmental genetics; (4) use a phylogenetic approach in several groups to infer how plant architecture has changed and by which intermediate steps; and (5) discuss which macroecological factors may constrain the geographic and ecological distribution of plant architectures. CONCLUSIONS Dichotomously branching Paleozoic plants already encompassed a considerable diversity of growth forms, here captured in 12 new architectural models. Plotting the frequency of branching types through time based on an analysis of 58 927 land plant fossils revealed a decrease in dichotomous branching throughout the Devonian and Carboniferous, mirrored by an increase in other branching types including axillary branching. We suggest that the evolution of seed plant megaphyllous leaves enabling axillary branching contributed to the demise of dichotomous architectures. The developmental-genetic bases for key architectural traits underlying sympodial vs. monopodial branching, rhythmic vs. continuous growth, and axillary branching and its localization are becoming well understood, while the molecular basis of dichotomous branching and plagiotropy remains elusive. Three phylogenetic case studies of architecture evolution in conifers, Aloe and monocaulous arborescent vascular plants reveal relationships between architectural models and show that some are labile in given groups, whereas others are widely conserved, apparently shaped by ecological factors, such as intercepted sunlight, temperature, humidity and seasonality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Chomicki
- Systematic Botany and Mycology, Department of Biology, University of Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Mario Coiro
- Institute of Systematic Botany, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Susanne S Renner
- Systematic Botany and Mycology, Department of Biology, University of Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany
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26
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Haselhorst DS, Tcheng DK, Moreno JE, Punyasena SW. The effects of seasonal and long-term climatic variability on Neotropical flowering phenology: An ecoinformatic analysis of aerial pollen data. ECOL INFORM 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoinf.2017.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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27
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Caldeira CF, Giannini TC, Ramos SJ, Vasconcelos S, Mitre SK, Pires JPDA, Ferreira GC, Ohashi S, Mota JA, Castilho A, Siqueira JO, Furtini Neto AE. Sustainability of Jaborandi in the eastern Brazilian Amazon. Perspect Ecol Conserv 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pecon.2017.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
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28
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Streher AS, Sobreiro JFF, Morellato LPC, Silva TSF. Land Surface Phenology in the Tropics: The Role of Climate and Topography in a Snow-Free Mountain. Ecosystems 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10021-017-0123-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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29
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Zheng N, Song Z, Liu Y, Yin L, Cheng J. Gene delivery into isolated Arabidopsis thaliana protoplasts and intact leaves using cationic, α-helical polypeptide. Front Chem Sci Eng 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11705-017-1612-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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30
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Baker JCA, Santos GM, Gloor M, Brienen RJW. Does Cedrela always form annual rings? Testing ring periodicity across South America using radiocarbon dating. TREES (BERLIN, GERMANY : WEST) 2017; 31:1999-2009. [PMID: 32009742 PMCID: PMC6959415 DOI: 10.1007/s00468-017-1604-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE Radiocarbon dating shows that Cedrela trees from Bolivia, Ecuador and Venezuela form one ring per year but Cedrela trees from Suriname form two rings per year. ABSTRACT Tropical tree rings have the potential to yield valuable ecological and climate information, on the condition that rings are annual and accurately dated. It is important to understand the factors controlling ring formation, since regional variation in these factors could cause trees in different regions to form tree rings at different times. Here, we use 'bomb-peak' radiocarbon (14C) dating to test the periodicity of ring formation in Cedrela trees from four sites across tropical South America. We show that trees from Bolivia, Ecuador and Venezuela have reliably annual tree rings, while trees from Suriname regularly form two rings per year. This proves that while tree rings of a particular species may be demonstrably annual at one site, this does not imply that rings are formed annually in other locations. We explore possible drivers of variation in ring periodicity and find that Cedrela growth rhythms are most likely caused by precipitation seasonality, with a possible degree of genetic control. Therefore, tree-ring studies undertaken at new locations in the tropics require independent validation of the annual nature of tree rings, irrespective of how the studied species behaves in other locations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Manuel Gloor
- School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
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Ryan CM, Williams M, Grace J, Woollen E, Lehmann CER. Pre-rain green-up is ubiquitous across southern tropical Africa: implications for temporal niche separation and model representation. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2017; 213:625-633. [PMID: 27898178 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Tree phenology mediates land-atmosphere mass and energy exchange and is a determinant of ecosystem structure and function. In the dry tropics, including African savannas, many trees grow new leaves during the dry season - weeks or months before the rains typically start. This syndrome of pre-rain green-up has long been recognized at small scales, but the high spatial and interspecific variability in leaf phenology has precluded regional generalizations. We used remote sensing data to show that this precocious phenology is ubiquitous across the woodlands and savannas of southern tropical Africa. In 70% of the study area, green-up preceded rain onset by > 20 d (42% > 40 d). All the main vegetation formations exhibited pre-rain green-up, by as much as 53 ± 18 d (in the wet miombo). Green-up showed low interannual variability (SD between years = 11 d), and high spatial variability (> 100 d). These results are consistent with a high degree of local phenological adaptation, and an insolation trigger of green-up. Tree-tree competition and niche separation may explain the ubiquity of this precocious phenology. The ubiquity of pre-rain green-up described here challenges existing model representations and suggests resistance (but not necessarily resilience) to the delay in rain onset predicted under climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casey M Ryan
- School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Crew Building, King's Buildings, Alexander Crum Brown Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FF, UK
| | - Mathew Williams
- School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Crew Building, King's Buildings, Alexander Crum Brown Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FF, UK
| | - John Grace
- School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Crew Building, King's Buildings, Alexander Crum Brown Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FF, UK
| | - Emily Woollen
- School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Crew Building, King's Buildings, Alexander Crum Brown Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FF, UK
| | - Caroline E R Lehmann
- School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Crew Building, King's Buildings, Alexander Crum Brown Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FF, UK
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Satellite-based characterization of climatic conditions before large-scale general flowering events in Peninsular Malaysia. Sci Rep 2016; 6:32329. [PMID: 27561887 PMCID: PMC4999821 DOI: 10.1038/srep32329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
General flowering (GF) is a unique phenomenon wherein, at irregular intervals, taxonomically diverse trees in Southeast Asian dipterocarp forests synchronize their reproduction at the community level. Triggers of GF, including drought and low minimum temperatures a few months previously has been limitedly observed across large regional scales due to lack of meteorological stations. Here, we aim to identify the climatic conditions that trigger large-scale GF in Peninsular Malaysia using satellite sensors, Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), to evaluate the climatic conditions of focal forests. We observed antecedent drought, low temperature and high photosynthetic radiation conditions before large-scale GF events, suggesting that large-scale GF events could be triggered by these factors. In contrast, we found higher-magnitude GF in forests where lower precipitation preceded large-scale GF events. GF magnitude was also negatively influenced by land surface temperature (LST) for a large-scale GF event. Therefore, we suggest that spatial extent of drought may be related to that of GF forests, and that the spatial pattern of LST may be related to that of GF occurrence. With significant new findings and other results that were consistent with previous research we clarified complicated environmental correlates with the GF phenomenon.
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Stevenson TJ, Visser ME, Arnold W, Barrett P, Biello S, Dawson A, Denlinger DL, Dominoni D, Ebling FJ, Elton S, Evans N, Ferguson HM, Foster RG, Hau M, Haydon DT, Hazlerigg DG, Heideman P, Hopcraft JGC, Jonsson NN, Kronfeld-Schor N, Kumar V, Lincoln GA, MacLeod R, Martin SAM, Martinez-Bakker M, Nelson RJ, Reed T, Robinson JE, Rock D, Schwartz WJ, Steffan-Dewenter I, Tauber E, Thackeray SJ, Umstatter C, Yoshimura T, Helm B. Disrupted seasonal biology impacts health, food security and ecosystems. Proc Biol Sci 2016; 282:20151453. [PMID: 26468242 PMCID: PMC4633868 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2015.1453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The rhythm of life on earth is shaped by seasonal changes in the environment. Plants and animals show profound annual cycles in physiology, health, morphology, behaviour and demography in response to environmental cues. Seasonal biology impacts ecosystems and agriculture, with consequences for humans and biodiversity. Human populations show robust annual rhythms in health and well-being, and the birth month can have lasting effects that persist throughout life. This review emphasizes the need for a better understanding of seasonal biology against the backdrop of its rapidly progressing disruption through climate change, human lifestyles and other anthropogenic impact. Climate change is modifying annual rhythms to which numerous organisms have adapted, with potential consequences for industries relating to health, ecosystems and food security. Disconcertingly, human lifestyles under artificial conditions of eternal summer provide the most extreme example for disconnect from natural seasons, making humans vulnerable to increased morbidity and mortality. In this review, we introduce scenarios of seasonal disruption, highlight key aspects of seasonal biology and summarize from biomedical, anthropological, veterinary, agricultural and environmental perspectives the recent evidence for seasonal desynchronization between environmental factors and internal rhythms. Because annual rhythms are pervasive across biological systems, they provide a common framework for trans-disciplinary research.
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Affiliation(s)
- T J Stevenson
- Institute for Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - M E Visser
- Department of Animal Ecology, Nederlands Instituut voor Ecologie, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - W Arnold
- Research Institute of Wildlife Ecology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - P Barrett
- Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - S Biello
- School of Psychology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - A Dawson
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Penicuik, Midlothian, UK
| | - D L Denlinger
- Department of Entomology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - D Dominoni
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - F J Ebling
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - S Elton
- Department of Anthropology, Durham University, Durham, UK
| | - N Evans
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - H M Ferguson
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - R G Foster
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - M Hau
- Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, Seewiesen, Germany
| | - D T Haydon
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - D G Hazlerigg
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, University of Tromso, Tromso, Norway
| | - P Heideman
- Department of Biology, The College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA, USA
| | - J G C Hopcraft
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - N N Jonsson
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - V Kumar
- Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - G A Lincoln
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - R MacLeod
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - S A M Martin
- Department of Animal Ecology, Nederlands Instituut voor Ecologie, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - M Martinez-Bakker
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - R J Nelson
- Department of Psychology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - T Reed
- Aquaculture and Fisheries Development Centre, University of College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - J E Robinson
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - D Rock
- School of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - W J Schwartz
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - I Steffan-Dewenter
- Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - E Tauber
- Department of Genetics, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - S J Thackeray
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - C Umstatter
- Agroscope, Tanikon, CH-8356 Ettenhausen, Switzerland
| | - T Yoshimura
- Department of Applied Molecular Biosciences, University of Nagoya, Nagoya, Japan
| | - B Helm
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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Martínez-Adriano CA, Jurado E, Flores J, González-Rodríguez H, Cuéllar-Rodríguez G. Flower, fruit phenology and flower traits in Cordia boissieri (Boraginaceae) from northeastern Mexico. PeerJ 2016; 4:e2033. [PMID: 27231656 PMCID: PMC4878375 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.2033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We characterized variations in Cordia boissieri flowers and established if these variations occur between plants or between flowering events. Flowering and fruiting was measured for 256 plants. A GLM test was used to determine the relationship between flowering and fruit set processes and rainfall. We performed measurements of floral traits to detect variations within the population and between flowering events. The position of the anthers with respect to the ovary was determined in 1,500 flowers. Three out of four flowering events of >80% C. boissieri plants occurred after rainfall events. Only one flowering event occurred in a drought. Most plants flowered at least twice a year. The overlapping of flowering and fruiting only occurred after rainfall. Anthesis lasted three-to-five days, and there were two flower morphs. Half of the plants had longistylus and half had brevistylus flowers. Anacahuita flower in our study had 1-4 styles; 2-9 stamens; 6.5-41.5 mm long corolla; sepals from 4.5-29.5 mm in length; a total length from 15.5-59 mm; a corolla diameter from 10.5-77 mm. The nectar guide had a diameter from 5-30.5 mm; 4-9 lobes; and 5 distinguishable nectar guide colors. The highest variation of phenotypic expression was observed between plants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Enrique Jurado
- Facultad de Ciencias Forestales, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Linares Nuevo Leon, Mexico
| | - Joel Flores
- Ciencias Ambientales, Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnologica, San Luis Potosi San Luis Potosi, Mexico
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Hawes JE, Peres CA. Patterns of plant phenology in Amazonian seasonally flooded and unflooded forests. Biotropica 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/btp.12315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph E. Hawes
- School of Environmental Sciences; University of East Anglia; Norwich Research Park Norwich NR4 7TJ U.K
| | - Carlos A. Peres
- School of Environmental Sciences; University of East Anglia; Norwich Research Park Norwich NR4 7TJ U.K
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Harrison ME, Zweifel N, Husson SJ, Cheyne SM, D'Arcy LJ, Harsanto FA, Morrogh‐Bernard H, Purwanto A, Rahmatd , Santiano , Vogel ER, Wich SA, Noordwijk MA. Disparity in Onset Timing and Frequency of Flowering and Fruiting Events in Two Bornean Peat‐Swamp Forests. Biotropica 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/btp.12265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mark E. Harrison
- Department of Geography University of Leicester University Road Leicester LE1 7RH U.K
- Orangutan Tropical Peatland Project Jl. Semeru 91 Palangka Raya 73112 Central Kalimantan Indonesia
| | - Nicole Zweifel
- Anthropological Institute and Museum University of Zurich 8057 Zürich Switzerland
- Tuanan Orangutan Research Project Jl. Cendrawasih 7 Palangka Raya 73111 Indonesia
| | - Simon J. Husson
- Orangutan Tropical Peatland Project Jl. Semeru 91 Palangka Raya 73112 Central Kalimantan Indonesia
| | - Susan M. Cheyne
- Orangutan Tropical Peatland Project Jl. Semeru 91 Palangka Raya 73112 Central Kalimantan Indonesia
- Department of Zoology Wildlife Conservation Research Unit (WildCRU) Recanati‐Kaplan Centre University of Oxford Tubney House Abingdon Road Tubney OX13 5QL U.K
| | - Laura J. D'Arcy
- Orangutan Tropical Peatland Project Jl. Semeru 91 Palangka Raya 73112 Central Kalimantan Indonesia
- Conservation Programmes Zoological Society of London Regent's Park London NW1 4RY U.K
| | - Fransiskus A. Harsanto
- Orangutan Tropical Peatland Project Jl. Semeru 91 Palangka Raya 73112 Central Kalimantan Indonesia
- Centre for the International Cooperation in Sustainable Management of Tropical Peatlands University of Palangka Raya Palangka Raya 73112 Central Kalimantan Indonesia
| | - Helen C. Morrogh‐Bernard
- Orangutan Tropical Peatland Project Jl. Semeru 91 Palangka Raya 73112 Central Kalimantan Indonesia
- University of Exeter College of Life and Environmental Science Washington Singer Building Perry Road Exeter EX4 4QG U.K
| | - Ari Purwanto
- Orangutan Tropical Peatland Project Jl. Semeru 91 Palangka Raya 73112 Central Kalimantan Indonesia
- Centre for the International Cooperation in Sustainable Management of Tropical Peatlands University of Palangka Raya Palangka Raya 73112 Central Kalimantan Indonesia
| | - Rahmatd
- Tuanan Orangutan Research Project Jl. Cendrawasih 7 Palangka Raya 73111 Indonesia
| | - Santiano
- Orangutan Tropical Peatland Project Jl. Semeru 91 Palangka Raya 73112 Central Kalimantan Indonesia
- Centre for the International Cooperation in Sustainable Management of Tropical Peatlands University of Palangka Raya Palangka Raya 73112 Central Kalimantan Indonesia
| | - Erin R. Vogel
- Tuanan Orangutan Research Project Jl. Cendrawasih 7 Palangka Raya 73111 Indonesia
- Department of Anthropology Rutgers The State University of New Jersey New Brunswick NJ U.S.A
| | - Serge A. Wich
- Tuanan Orangutan Research Project Jl. Cendrawasih 7 Palangka Raya 73111 Indonesia
- School of Natural Sciences & Psychology Liverpool John Moores University Liverpool U.K
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics University of Amsterdam Science Park 904 1098 XH Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Maria A. Noordwijk
- Anthropological Institute and Museum University of Zurich 8057 Zürich Switzerland
- Tuanan Orangutan Research Project Jl. Cendrawasih 7 Palangka Raya 73111 Indonesia
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Borchert R, Calle Z, Strahler AH, Baertschi A, Magill RE, Broadhead JS, Kamau J, Njoroge J, Muthuri C. Insolation and photoperiodic control of tree development near the equator. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2015; 205:7-13. [PMID: 25243525 DOI: 10.1111/nph.12981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rolf Borchert
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, 66045-7534, USA
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Seasonality of above-ground net primary productivity along an Andean altitudinal transect in Peru. JOURNAL OF TROPICAL ECOLOGY 2014. [DOI: 10.1017/s0266467414000443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Abstract:Solar irradiance and precipitation are the most likely drivers of the seasonal variation of net primary productivity (NPP) in tropical forests. Since their roles remain poorly understood, we use litter traps, dendrometer bands and census data collected from one hectare permanent plots to quantify the seasonality of above-ground NPP components and weather parameters in 13 sites distributed along a 2800-m altitudinal gradient ranging from lowland Amazonia to the high Andes. We combine canopy leaf area index and litterfall data to describe the seasonality of canopy production. We hypothesize that solar irradiance is the primary driver of canopy phenology in wetter sites, whereas precipitation drives phenology in drier systems. The seasonal rhythm of canopy NPP components is in synchrony with solar irradiance at all altitudes. Leaf litterfall peaks in the late dry season, both in lowland (averaging 0.54 ± 0.08 Mg C ha y−1, n = 5) and montane forests (averaging 0.29 ± 0.04 Mg C ha y−1, n = 8). Peaks in above-ground coarse woody NPP appears to be triggered by the onset of rainfall in seasonal lowland rain forests (averaging 0.26 ± 0.04 Mg C ha y−1, n = 5, in November), but not in montane cloud forests.
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Rawal DS, Kasel S, Keatley MR, Nitschke CR. Herbarium records identify sensitivity of flowering phenology of eucalypts to climate: Implications for species response to climate change. AUSTRAL ECOL 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/aec.12183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Deepa S. Rawal
- Department of Forest and Ecosystem Science; University of Melbourne; 500 Yarra Boulevard Melbourne Vic. 3121 Australia
| | - Sabine Kasel
- Department of Forest and Ecosystem Science; University of Melbourne; 500 Yarra Boulevard Melbourne Vic. 3121 Australia
| | - Marie R. Keatley
- Department of Forest and Ecosystem Science; University of Melbourne; Creswick Victoria Australia
| | - Craig R. Nitschke
- Department of Forest and Ecosystem Science; University of Melbourne; 500 Yarra Boulevard Melbourne Vic. 3121 Australia
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Combres JC, Pallas BT, Rouan L, Mialet-Serra I, Caliman JP, Braconnier S, Souli JC, Dingkuhn M. Simulation of inflorescence dynamics in oil palm and estimation of environment-sensitive phenological phases: a model based analysis. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2013; 40:263-279. [PMID: 32481106 DOI: 10.1071/fp12133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2012] [Accepted: 09/22/2012] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
For oil palm, yield variation is in large part due to variation in the number of harvested bunches. Each successively-produced phytomer carries a female (productive), male or aborted inflorescence. Since phytomer development takes 3-4 years and nearly two phytomers are produced per month, many inflorescences develop in parallel but have different phenological stages. Environment-dependent developmental rate, sex and abortion probability determine bunch productivity, which, in turn, affects other phytomers via source-sink relationships. Water deficit, solar radiation, temperature and day length are considered key external factors driving variation. Their impact is difficult to predict because of system complexity. To address this question we built a simple model (ECOPALM) to simulate the variation in number of harvested bunches. In this model, trophic competition among organs, expressed through a plant-scale index (Ic), drives sex determination and inflorescence abortion during specific sensitive phases at phytomer level. As a supplemental hypothesis, we propose that flowering is affected by photoperiod at phytomer level during a sensitive phase, thus, contributing to seasonal production peaks. The model was used to determine by parameter optimisation the influence of Ic and day length on inflorescence development and the stages at which inflorescences are sensitive to these signals. Parameters were estimated against observation of number of harvested bunches in Ivory Coast using a genetic algorithm. The model was then validated with field observations in Benin and Indonesia. The sensitive phases determined by parameter optimisation agreed with independent experimental evidence, and variation of Ic explained both sex and abortion patterns. Sex determination seemed to coincide with floret meristem individualisation and occurred 29-32 months before bunch harvest. The main abortion stage occurred 10 months before harvest - at the beginning of rapid growth of the inflorescence. Simulation results suggest involvement of photoperiod in the determination of bunch growth dynamics. This study demonstrates that simple modelling approaches can help extracting ecophysiological information from simple field observations on complex systems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Beno T Pallas
- Montpellier SupAgro, UMR AGAP, Avenue d'Agropolis, F-34398 Montpellier cedex 5, France
| | - Lauriane Rouan
- CIRAD, UMR AGAP, Avenue d'Agropolis, F-34398 Montpellier cedex 5, France
| | | | | | - Serge Braconnier
- CIRAD, UMR AGAP, Avenue d'Agropolis, F-34398 Montpellier cedex 5, France
| | | | - Michael Dingkuhn
- CIRAD, UMR AGAP, Avenue d'Agropolis, F-34398 Montpellier cedex 5, France
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Phenological response of tropical plants to regional climate change in Xishuangbanna, south-western China. JOURNAL OF TROPICAL ECOLOGY 2013. [DOI: 10.1017/s0266467413000114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Abstract:The phenology of temperate plants is vulnerable to climate change. Yet, the phenological responses of tropical plants to climate change are still unclear. In this study, temporal trends (1973–1999) of four phenological events (budburst, growing season, flowering and flowering duration) were studied among 21 plant species in Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden (south-western China). Fourteen species (67%) showed significant phenological trends during the study period. Seven species (33%) presented delaying trends in budburst (average 1.4 d y−1) and such trend was more likely to be presented in those that started budburst earlier in the dry season. Four species (19%) showed trends of extension in growing season (average of 3.5 d y−1). These vegetative events appeared to be mainly influenced by increasing temperature. Rainfall showed little effects directly, however, the effects of temperature seemed to largely depend on the moisture condition. Flowering duration of five species (24%) was shortened by average 2.1 d y−1 which was most likely to be the result of the decline in sunshine duration during the rainy season. Our results suggest that the phenology of tropical plants has changed significantly in response to the regional climate change but these reactions are somewhat different from those of temperate plants.
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Guan K, Wolf A, Medvigy D, Caylor KK, Pan M, Wood EF. Seasonal coupling of canopy structure and function in African tropical forests and its environmental controls. Ecosphere 2013. [DOI: 10.1890/es12-00232.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Chang-Yang CH, Lu CL, Sun IF, Hsieh CF. Flowering and Fruiting Patterns in a Subtropical Rain Forest, Taiwan. Biotropica 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-7429.2012.00911.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Hao Chang-Yang
- Institute of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology; National Taiwan University; Taipei; 10617; Taiwan
| | - Chia-Ling Lu
- Institute of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology; National Taiwan University; Taipei; 10617; Taiwan
| | - I-Fang Sun
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Studies; National Dong Hwa University; Hualien; 97401; Taiwan
| | - Chang-Fu Hsieh
- Institute of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology; National Taiwan University; Taipei; 10617; Taiwan
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de Albuquerque UP, de Lima Araújo E, El-Deir ACA, de Lima ALA, Souto A, Bezerra BM, Ferraz EMN, Maria Xavier Freire E, Sampaio EVDSB, Las-Casas FMG, de Moura GJB, Pereira GA, de Melo JG, Alves Ramos M, Rodal MJN, Schiel N, de Lyra-Neves RM, Alves RRN, de Azevedo-Júnior SM, Telino Júnior WR, Severi W. Caatinga revisited: ecology and conservation of an important seasonal dry forest. ScientificWorldJournal 2012; 2012:205182. [PMID: 22919296 PMCID: PMC3415163 DOI: 10.1100/2012/205182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2012] [Accepted: 05/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Besides its extreme climate conditions, the Caatinga (a type of tropical seasonal forest) hosts an impressive faunal and floristic biodiversity. In the last 50 years there has been a considerable increase in the number of studies in the area. Here we aimed to present a review of these studies, focusing on four main fields: vertebrate ecology, plant ecology, human ecology, and ethnobiology. Furthermore, we identify directions for future research. We hope that the present paper will help defining actions and strategies for the conservation of the biological diversity of the Caatinga.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulysses Paulino de Albuquerque
- Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Rua Dom Manoel de Medeiros, s/n, Dois Irmãos, 52171-900 Recife, PE, Brazil.
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Goymann W, Helm B, Jensen W, Schwabl I, Moore IT. A tropical bird can use the equatorial change in sunrise and sunset times to synchronize its circannual clock. Proc Biol Sci 2012; 279:3527-34. [PMID: 22648153 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2012.0743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
At higher latitudes, most organisms use the periodic changes in day length to time their annual life cycle. At the equator, changes in day length are minimal, and it is unknown which cues organisms use to synchronize their underlying circannual rhythms to environmental conditions. Here, we demonstrate that the African stonechat (Saxicola torquatus axillaris)-an equatorial songbird-can use subtle solar cues for the annual timing of postnuptial moult, a reliable marker of the circannual cycle. We compared four groups that were kept over more than 3 years: (i) a control group maintained under constant equatorial day length, (ii) a 12-month solar time group maintained under equatorial day length, but including a simulation of the annual periodic change in sunrise and sunset times (solar time), (iii) a 14-month solar time group similar to the previous group but with an extended solar time cycle and (iv) a group maintained under a European temperate photoperiod. Within all 3 years, 12-month solar time birds were significantly more synchronized than controls and 14-month solar time birds. Furthermore, the moult of 12-month solar time birds occurred during the same time of the year as that of free-living Kenyan conspecifics. Thus, our data indicate that stonechats may use the subtle periodic pattern of sunrise and sunset at the equator to synchronize their circannual clock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Goymann
- Max-Planck-Institut für Ornithologie, Abteilung für Verhaltensneurobiologie, Eberhard-Gwinner-Straße 6A, 82319 Seewiesen, Germany.
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Osada N, Tokuchi N, Takeda H. Continuous and Fluctuating Leaf Phenology of Adults and Seedlings of a Shade-tolerant Emergent Tree, Dipterocarpus sublamellatus, in Malaysia. Biotropica 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-7429.2011.00843.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Noriyuki Osada
- Field Science, Education and Research Center; Kyoto University; Kyoto; 606-8502; Japan
| | - Naoko Tokuchi
- Field Science, Education and Research Center; Kyoto University; Kyoto; 606-8502; Japan
| | - Hiroshi Takeda
- Faculty of Science and Engineering; Doshisha University; Kyoto; 610-0394; Japan
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Hudson IL, Keatley MR, Lee SY. Using Self-Organising Maps (SOMs) to assess synchronies: an application to historical eucalypt flowering records. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY 2011; 55:879-904. [PMID: 21553335 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-011-0427-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2010] [Revised: 03/16/2011] [Accepted: 03/16/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Self-Organising Map (SOM) clustering methods applied to the monthly and seasonal averaged flowering intensity records of eight Eucalypt species are shown to successfully quantify, visualise and model synchronisation of multivariate time series. The SOM algorithm converts complex, nonlinear relationships between high-dimensional data into simple networks and a map based on the most likely patterns in the multiplicity of time series that it trains. Monthly- and seasonal-based SOMs identified three synchronous species groups (clusters): E. camaldulensis, E. melliodora, E. polyanthemos; E. goniocalyx, E. microcarpa, E. macrorhyncha; and E. leucoxylon, E. tricarpa. The main factor in synchronisation (clustering) appears to be the season in which flowering commences. SOMs also identified the asynchronous relationship among the eight species. Hence, the likelihood of the production, or not, of hybrids between sympatric species is also identified. The SOM pattern-based correlation values mirror earlier synchrony statistics gleaned from Moran correlations obtained from the raw flowering records. Synchronisation of flowering is shown to be a complex mechanism that incorporates all the flowering characteristics: flowering duration, timing of peak flowering, of start and finishing of flowering, as well as possibly specific climate drivers for flowering. SOMs can accommodate for all this complexity and we advocate their use by phenologists and ecologists as a powerful, accessible and interpretable tool for visualisation and clustering of multivariate time series and for synchrony studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene L Hudson
- School of Mathematical & Physical Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Newcastle, NSW, Australia.
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Fortescue JA, Turner DW, Romero R. Evidence that banana (Musa spp.), a tropical monocotyledon, has a facultative long-day response to photoperiod. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2011; 38:867-878. [PMID: 32480944 DOI: 10.1071/fp11128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2011] [Accepted: 08/08/2011] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Bananas and plantains (Musa spp.) may flower at any time of the year but they show seasonal variation in flowering. To determine whether photoperiod contributed to this seasonal variation, we calculated the thermal development units (DT) from planting to bunch appearance (flowering) using data from published planting date experiments in the tropics and subtropics. Minimising the coefficient of variation in DT across planting dates was used to evaluate the contribution of photoperiod and soil water balance to time of flowering. Coefficients evaluating sensitivity to photoperiod were estimated in some datasets and validated on independent datasets. Data on the rate of bunch appearance from four locations over several years were analysed to establish correlations between this, photoperiod and temperature. The time of bunch initiation was matched against photoperiod to determine whether short photoperiods delayed bunch initiation. Long photoperiods in the mid-vegetative phase hastened flowering while soil water deficits delayed it. Cultivars of the Cavendish subgroup (AAA) were more sensitive to photoperiod than the Maricongo cultivar (False Horn-type plantain, AAB). Long photoperiods during the reproductive phase were correlated with an increased rate of bunch appearance some 8 to 11 weeks later. Musa spp. show a facultative long-day response to photoperiod.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanie A Fortescue
- School of Plant Biology, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - David W Turner
- School of Plant Biology, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Ronald Romero
- Chiquita Brands, PO Box 633-6150, Santa Ana, San José, Costa Rica
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Predictable timing of oestrus in the tropical bat Saccopteryx bilineata living in a Costa Rican rain forest. JOURNAL OF TROPICAL ECOLOGY 2011. [DOI: 10.1017/s0266467410000696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Abstract:Many tropical mammals reproduce seasonally, although the circum-equatorial climate is more stable and less seasonal than that of temperate zones. The mechanisms underlying seasonal reproduction in the tropics remain enigmatic. Female reproduction and its relation to environmental factors were investigated in the Neotropical bat species Saccopteryx bilineata. Colonies consist of year-round stable groups of several females that are defended each by an adult male. Females give birth to a single offspring each year and it is suggested that mating is restricted to November and December. In this study, it was asked whether females of a Costa Rican colony come into oestrus around the same time each year and whether oestrus times are synchronized. Oestrogen and progesterone metabolites were monitored from faeces between October and January in four years. Oestrus was identified in 32 females. In addition, climatic factors such as rainfall and temperature were monitored at the study site. Results indicate that (1) females exhibit monoestry, (2) oestrus dates cluster around the first half of December, (3) reproduction is strongly seasonal and highly predictable and (4) oestrus times are possibly influenced by long-term cues like photoperiod and short-term cues like sudden changes in rainfall and temperature.
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Zalamea PC, Munoz F, Stevenson PR, Paine CET, Sarmiento C, Sabatier D, Heuret P. Continental-scale patterns of Cecropia reproductive phenology: evidence from herbarium specimens. Proc Biol Sci 2011; 278:2437-45. [PMID: 21227965 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2010.2259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant phenology is concerned with the timing of recurring biological events. Though phenology has traditionally been studied using intensive surveys of a local flora, results from such surveys are difficult to generalize to broader spatial scales. In this study, contrastingly, we assembled a continental-scale dataset of herbarium specimens for the emblematic genus of Neotropical pioneer trees, Cecropia, and applied Fourier spectral and cospectral analyses to investigate the reproductive phenology of 35 species. We detected significant annual, sub-annual and continuous patterns, and discuss the variation in patterns within and among climatic regions. Although previous studies have suggested that pioneer species generally produce flowers continually throughout the year, we found that at least one third of Cecropia species are characterized by clear annual flowering behaviour. We further investigated the relationships between phenology and climate seasonality, showing strong associations between phenology and seasonal variations in precipitation and temperature. We also verified our results against field survey data gathered from the literature. Our findings indicate that herbarium material is a reliable resource for use in the investigation of large-scale patterns in plant phenology, offering a promising complement to local intensive field studies.
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