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Yang K, Huang Y, Yang J, Lv C, Sun W, Hu Z, You C, Yu L. Do rice growth and yield respond similarly to abrupt and gradual increase in atmospheric CO 2? THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 906:167658. [PMID: 37813261 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Crops have been well studied at abruptly elevated CO2 (e[CO2]). In fact, atmospheric CO2 concentration is rising gradually, but its ecological effect is little known. Thus, rice growth and yield were investigated under gradual e[CO2] (GE) and abrupt e[CO2] (AE) using open-top chambers. Gradual e[CO2] involved an ambient CO2 (a[CO2]) + 40 μmol mol-1 per year in 2016 until a[CO2] + 200 μmol mol-1 in 2020, while AE maintained a[CO2] + 200 μmol mol-1 from 2016 to 2020. We found that steady-state photosynthetic rates responded similarly and increased significantly under GE and AE, however, photosynthetic induction time in dynamic photosynthesis was reduced by AE. Gradual e[CO2] had little effect on biomass before the grain filling stage, while AE significantly stimulated biomass because of the stronger tillering ability and faster photosynthetic induction rate. Neither e[CO2] increased biomass at maturity, however, a significant increase in panicle density was observed under AE. Surprisingly, rice yield was not promoted by both e[CO2], possibly resulting from the reduced carbon assimilation caused by accelerated phenology from grain filling to maturity. These results promote a new understanding of the CO2 fertilization effect with small and slow increases in CO2 concentration, closer to what happens in nature. This may partly challenge the classic view of elevated CO2 fertilization effects from AE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Yang
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Chuzhou University, Chuzhou, China; State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jingrui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chunhua Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjuan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenghua Hu
- Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Chunyan You
- Forestry Station of Bureau of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Pukou District, Nanjing, China
| | - Lingfei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, China.
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2
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Kovalchuk I. Heritable responses to stress in plants. QUANTITATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 4:e15. [PMID: 38156078 PMCID: PMC10753343 DOI: 10.1017/qpb.2023.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Most plants are adapted to their environments through generations of exposure to all elements. The adaptation process involves the best possible response to fluctuations in the environment based on the genetic and epigenetic make-up of the organism. Many plant species have the capacity to acclimate or adapt to certain stresses, allowing them to respond more efficiently, with fewer resources diverted from growth and development. However, plants can also acquire protection against stress across generations. Such a response is known as an intergenerational response to stress; typically, plants lose most of the tolerance in the subsequent generation when propagated without stress. Occasionally, the protection lasts for more than one generation after stress exposure and such a response is called transgenerational. In this review, we will summarize what is known about inter- and transgenerational responses to stress, focus on phenotypic and epigenetic events, their mechanisms and ecological and evolutionary meaning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Kovalchuk
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
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3
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Liu Z, Yu Z, Song B, Li Y, Fang J, Guo Y, Jin J, Adams JM. Elevated CO 2 and temperature increase arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal diversity, but decrease root colonization, in maize and wheat. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 873:162321. [PMID: 36801413 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Anthropogenic climate change threatens ecosystem multifunctionality. Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi are important symbionts that participate in mediating many ecosystem processes, and thus being potentially essential link in the chain of responses to climate change. Yet, how climate change affect the abundance and community structure of AM fungi associated with different crops remains elusive. Here, we investigated the changes in rhizosphere AM fungal communities and growth performance of maize and wheat grown in Mollisols under experimentally elevated CO2 (eCO2, +300 ppm), temperature (eT, +2 °C) and both in-combination (eCT) with open-top chambers, representing a scenario likely to occur by this century's end. The results showed that eCT significantly shifted AM fungal communities in both rhizospheres compared with control, but with no remarkable variation of the overall communities in maize rhizosphere, suggesting their greater resistance to climate change. Both eCO2 and eT increased rhizosphere AM fungal diversity, and conversely they reduced mycorrhizal colonization of both crops, probably since AM fungi had distinct adaptive strategies to climate change in rhizospheres (i.e., r-strategy) and roots (K-strategy), while the colonization intensity positively correlated with a decreased phosphorus (P)-uptake in two crops. Furthermore, co-occurrence network analysis showed that eCO2 strongly decreased the modularity and betweenness centrality of network structure than that of eT and eCT in both rhizospheres, along with the reduced network robustness, implied their destabilized communities under eCO2, while root stoichiometry (C:N and C:P ratio) was the most important factor associating with taxa in networks regardless of climate change. Overall, those findings suggest that rhizosphere AM fungal communities in wheat appear to be more sensitive to climate change than that in maize, further highlighting the importance of effective monitoring and managing AM fungi, which may allow crops to maintain critical levels of mineral nutrients (at least P) under future global change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihao Liu
- School of Geography and Oceanography, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Zhenhua Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 138 Haping Road, Harbin 150081, China.
| | - Bin Song
- School of Geography and Oceanography, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Yansheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 138 Haping Road, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Jie Fang
- School of Geography and Oceanography, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Yaping Guo
- School of Geography and Oceanography, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Jian Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 138 Haping Road, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Jonathan M Adams
- School of Geography and Oceanography, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China.
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Shen L, Ren B, Jin Y, Liu X, Jin J, Huang H, Tian M, Yang W, Yang Y, Liu J, Geng C, Bai Y, Hu Z. Effects of abrupt and gradual increase of atmospheric CO 2 concentration on methanotrophs in paddy fields. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 223:115474. [PMID: 36773639 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The simulation of abrupt atmospheric CO2 increase is a common way to examine the response of soil methanotrophs to future climate change. However, atmosphere is undergoing a gradual CO2 increase, and it is unknown whether the previously reported response of methanotrophs to abrupt CO2 increase can well represent their response to the gradual increase. To improve the understanding of the effect of elevated CO2 (eCO2) on methanotrophs in paddy ecosystems, the methane oxidation potential and communities of methanotrophs were examined via open top chambers under the three following CO2 treatments: an ambient CO2 concentration (AC); an abrupt CO2 increase by 200 ppm above AC (AI); a gradual CO2 increase by 40 ppm each year until 200 ppm above AC (GI). Relative to AC treatment, AI and GI treatments significantly (p < 0.05) increased the methane oxidation rate by 43.8% and 36.7%, respectively, during rice growth period. Furthermore, the abundance of pmoA genes was significantly (p < 0.05) increased by 62.4% and 32.5%, respectively, under AI and GI treatments. However, there were no significant variations in oxidation rate or gene abundance between the two eCO2 treatments. In addition, no obvious change of overall community composition of methanotrophs was observed among treatments, while the proportions of Methylosarcina and Methylocystis significantly (p < 0.05) changed. Taken together, our results indicate similar response of methanotrophs to abrupt and gradual CO2 increase, although the magnitude of response under gradual increase was smaller and the abrupt increase may somewhat overestimate the response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidong Shen
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Carbon Source and Sink, China Meteorological Administration (ECSS-CMA), School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China.
| | - Bingjie Ren
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Carbon Source and Sink, China Meteorological Administration (ECSS-CMA), School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
| | - Yuhan Jin
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Carbon Source and Sink, China Meteorological Administration (ECSS-CMA), School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Carbon Source and Sink, China Meteorological Administration (ECSS-CMA), School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
| | - Jinghao Jin
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Carbon Source and Sink, China Meteorological Administration (ECSS-CMA), School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
| | - Hechen Huang
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Carbon Source and Sink, China Meteorological Administration (ECSS-CMA), School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
| | - Maohui Tian
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Carbon Source and Sink, China Meteorological Administration (ECSS-CMA), School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
| | - Wangting Yang
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Carbon Source and Sink, China Meteorological Administration (ECSS-CMA), School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
| | - Yuling Yang
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Carbon Source and Sink, China Meteorological Administration (ECSS-CMA), School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
| | - Jiaqi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Carbon Source and Sink, China Meteorological Administration (ECSS-CMA), School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
| | - Caiyu Geng
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Carbon Source and Sink, China Meteorological Administration (ECSS-CMA), School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
| | - Yanan Bai
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Carbon Source and Sink, China Meteorological Administration (ECSS-CMA), School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China.
| | - Zhenghua Hu
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Carbon Source and Sink, China Meteorological Administration (ECSS-CMA), School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
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5
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Yang K, Huang Y, Yang J, Lv C, Hu Z, Yu L, Sun W. Effects of three patterns of elevated CO2 in single and multiple generations on photosynthesis and stomatal features in rice. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2023; 131:463-473. [PMID: 36708194 PMCID: PMC10072110 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcad021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Effects of elevated CO2 (E) within a generation on photosynthesis and stomatal features have been well documented in crops; however, long-term responses to gradually elevated CO2 (Eg) and abruptly elevated CO2 (Ea) over multiple generations remain scarce. METHODS Japonica rice plants grown in open-top chambers were tested in the first generation (F1) under Ea and in the fifth generation (F5) under Eg and Ea, as follows: Ea in F1: ambient CO2 (A) + 200 μmol mol-1; Eg in F5: an increase of A + 40 μmol mol-1 year-1 until A + 200 μmol mol-1 from 2016 to 2020; Ea in F5: A + 200 μmol mol-1 from 2016 to 2020. For multigenerational tests, the harvested seeds were grown continuously in the following year in the respective CO2 environments. KEY RESULTS The responses to Ea in F1 were consistent with the previous consensus, such as the occurrence of photosynthetic acclimation, stimulation of photosynthesis, and downregulation of photosynthetic physiological parameters and stomatal area. In contrast, multigenerational exposure to both Eg and Ea did not induce photosynthetic acclimation, but stimulated greater photosynthesis and had little effect on the photosynthetic physiology and stomatal traits. This suggests that E retained intergenerational effects on photosynthesis and stomatal features and that there were no multigenerational differences in the effects of Eg and Ea. CONCLUSIONS The present study demonstrated that projecting future changes induced by E based on the physiological responses of contemporary plants could be misleading. Thus, responses of plants to large and rapid environmental changes within a generation cannot predict the long-term response of plants to natural environmental changes over multiple generations, especially in annual herbs with short life cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jingrui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chunhua Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenghua Hu
- Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Lingfei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjuan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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6
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Liu W, Liu L, Yan R, Gao J, Wu S, Liu Y. A comprehensive meta-analysis of the impacts of intensified drought and elevated CO 2 on forage growth. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 327:116885. [PMID: 36455442 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.116885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Forage crops are used worldwide as key feed sources for dairy systems. However, their productivity and quality are limited due to intensified drought events, elevated carbon dioxide (CO2), and their interaction with climate change, with consequences for the security of animal husbandry and the agricultural economy. Although studies have quantified the impacts of such stresses on forage growth, these impacts have been less systematically investigated in a global context due to differences among various forage groups, regional microclimates, and environmental factors. Herein we employed nine forage growth-related variables involving three perspectives, i.e., photosynthetic parameters, production, and quality, from research articles published between 1990 and 2021 via a meta-analysis. A linear mixed-effect model was then used to explore the quantitative relationship between these factors in a restricted dataset. Decreasing trends in all four photosynthetic parameters were detected across different eco-geographical regions with increasing drought stress. The maximum decrease in DMY occurred in the Mediterranean, with 52.8% under drought conditions. Globally, eCO2 significantly increased photosynthetic rate (Pn) and instantaneous water use efficiency (WUEi) by 40.8% and 62.1%, respectively, which also had positive effects on forage dry matter yield (DMY) (+25.1%), especially for forage in Northern Europe. However, this stress would significantly decrease forage quality by decreasing crude protein (CP) (-19.7%) and nitrogen content (N content) (-13.5%). These negative impacts would be aggravated under the co-occurrence of drought and eCO2, including a significant increase in WUEi (+111.1%) and a decrease in DMY (-12.3%). Gramineae showed a more sensitive response to drought stress in photosynthetic parameters and DMY than Leguminosae, but the latter exhibited a better response in photosynthetic parameters and production under eCO2. Our analysis provides a consensus concerning how the growth parameters of forage have changed under environmental stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanlu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100101, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Lulu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Rui Yan
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100101, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Jiangbo Gao
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Shaohong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100101, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Yanhua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100101, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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7
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Zhang H, Churchill AC, Anderson IC, Igwenagu C, Power SA, Plett JM, Macdonald CA, Pendall E, Carrillo Y, Powell JR. Ecological stoichiometry and fungal community turnover reveal variation among mycorrhizal partners in their responses to warming and drought. Mol Ecol 2023; 32:229-243. [PMID: 34779067 DOI: 10.1111/mec.16278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Symbiotic fungi mediate important energy and nutrient transfers in terrestrial ecosystems. Environmental change can lead to shifts in communities of symbiotic fungi, but the consequences of these shifts for nutrient dynamics among symbiotic partners are poorly understood. Here, we assessed variation in carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) in tissues of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi and a host plant (Medicago sativa) in response to experimental warming and drought. We linked compositional shifts in AM fungal communities in roots and soil to variation in hyphal chemistry by using high-throughput DNA sequencing and joint species distribution modelling. Compared to plants, AM hyphae was 43% lower in (C) and 24% lower in (N) but more than nine times higher in (P), with significantly lower C:N, C:P and N:P ratios. Warming and drought resulted in increases in (P) and reduced C:P and N:P ratios in all tissues, indicating fungal P accumulation was exacerbated by climate-associated stress. Warming and drought modified the composition of AM fungal communities, and many of the AM fungal genera that were linked to shifts in mycelial chemistry were also negatively impacted by climate variation. Our study offers a unified framework to link climate change, fungal community composition, and community-level functional traits. Thus, our study provides insight into how environmental change can alter ecosystem functions via the promotion or reduction of fungal taxa with different stoichiometric characteristics and responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyang Zhang
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Amber C Churchill
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Ian C Anderson
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Chioma Igwenagu
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sally A Power
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jonathan M Plett
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Catriona A Macdonald
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Elise Pendall
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Yolima Carrillo
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jeff R Powell
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
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8
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Lv C, Hu Z, Wei J, Wang Y. Transgenerational effects of elevated CO 2 on rice photosynthesis and grain yield. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 110:413-424. [PMID: 35763210 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-022-01294-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chunhua Lv
- Institute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenghua Hu
- School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Jian Wei
- Institute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yin Wang
- Institute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China.
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9
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Kaur T, Sharathi Dutta P. Critical rates of climate warming and abrupt collapse of ecosystems. Proc Math Phys Eng Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1098/rspa.2022.0086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In the age of climate warming, comprehension of ecosystems’ future is one of the pressing challenges to humanity. While most studies on climate warming focus on the ‘magnitude of change’ of the Earth’s temperature, the ‘rate’ at which it is increasing cannot be ruled out. Rapid warming has already caused sudden ecosystem transitions at numerous biodiversity hot spots; a mechanistic understanding of such transitions is crucial. Here, we study a slow–fast consumer–resource ecosystem interacting in rapid warming scenarios. Employing geometric singular perturbation theory, we find that while a gradual change in mean temperature may accord population persistence, a critical warming rate can drive the resource’s sudden collapse, termed a warming-induced abrupt transition. This further triggers the bottom-up effect, resulting in the extinction of the consumer. The difference between the optimum temperature of the resource’s growth rate and the habitat temperature is crucial in deciding the critical rate of warming. Consequently, species inhabiting extreme temperature regions are more susceptible to warming-induced collapse than those within intermediate temperature ranges. We find that stochastic fluctuations in the system can advance warming-induced transitions, and the efficacy of generic early warning signals to anticipate sudden transitions is challenged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taranjot Kaur
- Department of Mathematics, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar, Punjab 140 001, India
| | - Partha Sharathi Dutta
- Department of Mathematics, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar, Punjab 140 001, India
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10
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Hu H, He L, Ma H, Wang J, Li Y, Wang J, Guo Y, Ren C, Bai H, Zhao F. Responses of AM fungal abundance to the drivers of global climate change: A meta-analysis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 805:150362. [PMID: 34818817 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), playing critical roles in carbon cycling, are vulnerable to climate change. However, the responses of AM fungal abundance to climate change are unclear. A global-scale meta-analysis was conducted to investigate the response patterns of AM fungal abundance to warming, elevated CO2 concentration (eCO2), and N addition. Both warming and eCO2 significantly stimulated AM fungal abundance by 18.6% (95%CI: 5.9%-32.8%) and 21.4% (15.1%-28.1%) on a global scale, respectively. However, the response ratios (RR) of AM fungal abundance decreased with the degree of warming while increased with the degree of eCO2. Furthermore, in warming experiments, as long as the warming exceeded 4 °C, its effects on AM fungal abundance changed from positive to negative regardless of the experimental durations, methods, periods, and ecosystem types. The effects of N addition on AM fungal abundance are -5.4% (-10.6%-0.2%), and related to the nitrogen fertilizer input rate and ecosystem type. The RR of AM fungal abundance is negative in grasslands and farmlands when the degree of N addition exceeds 33.85 and 67.64 kg N ha-1 yr-1, respectively; however, N addition decreases AM fungal abundance in forests only when the degree of N addition exceeds 871.31 kg N ha-1 yr-1. The above results provide an insight into predicting ecological functions of AM fungal abundance under global changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Hu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, Shaanxi, China; College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, Shaanxi, China
| | - Liyuan He
- Biology Department, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Huanfei Ma
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, Shaanxi, China; College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jieying Wang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, Shaanxi, China; College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yi Li
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, Shaanxi, China; College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, Shaanxi, China; College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, Shaanxi, China; State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Yaoxin Guo
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chengjie Ren
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hongying Bai
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, Shaanxi, China; College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, Shaanxi, China
| | - Fazhu Zhao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, Shaanxi, China; College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, Shaanxi, China.
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11
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Ghosh S, Reuman D, Bever JD. Preferential allocation of benefits and resource competition among recipients allows coexistence of symbionts within hosts. Am Nat 2021; 199:468-479. [DOI: 10.1086/718643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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12
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Govaert L, Gilarranz LJ, Altermatt F. Competition alters species' plastic and genetic response to environmental change. Sci Rep 2021; 11:23518. [PMID: 34876603 PMCID: PMC8651732 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-02841-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Species react to environmental change via plastic and evolutionary responses. While both of them determine species' survival, most studies quantify these responses individually. As species occur in communities, competing species may further influence their respective response to environmental change. Yet, how environmental change and competing species combined shape plastic and genetic responses to environmental change remains unclear. Quantifying how competition alters plastic and genetic responses of species to environmental change requires a trait-based, community and evolutionary ecological approach. We exposed unicellular aquatic organisms to long-term selection of increasing salinity-representing a common and relevant environmental change. We assessed plastic and genetic contributions to phenotypic change in biomass, cell shape, and dispersal ability along increasing levels of salinity in the presence and absence of competition. Trait changes in response to salinity were mainly due to mean trait evolution, and differed whether species evolved in the presence or absence of competition. Our results show that species' evolutionary and plastic responses to environmental change depended both on competition and the magnitude of environmental change, ultimately determining species persistence. Our results suggest that understanding plastic and genetic responses to environmental change within a community will improve predictions of species' persistence to environmental change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynn Govaert
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland. .,Department of Aquatic Ecology, Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 133, 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland. .,URPP Global Change and Biodiversity, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland. .,Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), Müggelseedamm 310, 12587, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Luis J. Gilarranz
- grid.418656.80000 0001 1551 0562Department of Aquatic Ecology, Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 133, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Florian Altermatt
- grid.7400.30000 0004 1937 0650Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland ,grid.418656.80000 0001 1551 0562Department of Aquatic Ecology, Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 133, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland ,grid.7400.30000 0004 1937 0650URPP Global Change and Biodiversity, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
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13
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Zvinavashe AT, Mardad I, Mhada M, Kouisni L, Marelli B. Engineering the Plant Microenvironment To Facilitate Plant-Growth-Promoting Microbe Association. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:13270-13285. [PMID: 33929839 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c00138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
New technologies that enhance soil biodiversity and minimize the use of scarce resources while boosting crop production are highly sought to mitigate the increasing threats that climate change, population growth, and desertification pose on the food infrastructure. In particular, solutions based on plant-growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) bring merits of self-replication, low environmental impact, tolerance to biotic and abiotic stressors, and reduction of inputs, such as fertilizers. However, challenges in facilitating PGPB delivery in the soil still persist and include survival to desiccation, precise delivery, programmable resuscitation, competition with the indigenous rhizosphere, and soil structure. These factors play a critical role in microbial root association and development of a beneficial plant microbiome. Engineering the seed microenvironment with protein and polysaccharides is one proposed way to deliver PGPB precisely and effectively in the seed spermosphere. In this review, we will cover new advancements in the precise and scalable delivery of microbial inoculants, also highlighting the latest development of multifunctional rhizobacteria solutions that have beneficial impact on not only legumes but also cereals. To conclude, we will discuss the role that legislators and policymakers play in promoting the adoption of new technologies that can enhance the sustainability of crop production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Augustine T Zvinavashe
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Ilham Mardad
- AgroBioSciences, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), 43150 Ben Guerir, Morocco
| | - Manal Mhada
- African integrated Plant and Soil Group (AiPlaS), AgroBioSciences, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), 43150 Ben Guerir, Morocco
| | - Lamfeddal Kouisni
- AgroBioSciences, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), 43150 Ben Guerir, Morocco
- African Sustainable Agriculture Research Institute, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (ASARI-UM6P), 70000 Laayoune, Morocco
| | - Benedetto Marelli
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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14
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Li E, Krsmanovic A, Ballhausen MB, Rillig MC. Fungal response to abruptly or gradually delivered antifungal agent amphotericin B is growth stage dependent. Environ Microbiol 2021; 23:7701-7709. [PMID: 34633124 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.15797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Anthropogenic disturbances pose a multitude of novel challenges to ecosystems. While many experiments have tested effects using abrupt treatment applications, most environmental changes in fact are gradual. Since ecosystem responses might be highly dependent on the temporal nature of stressors, it is crucial to differentiate the effects of abrupt vs gradual treatment application. Antifungal agents, which are widely used in disease control both for humans and in agriculture, are becoming a new class of environmental contaminants. In this study, we examined the effect of a sub-lethal application of one antifungal agent, amphotericin B. We applied different rates of delivery, e.g. gradual and abrupt, and monitored biomass and sporulation of the model fungus Neurospora crassa in a batch culture. Our results demonstrate that: (i) the effect size difference between abrupt and gradual treatments is fungal growth stage dependent and (ii) the gradual treatment clearly had a higher sporulation level compared with all types of abrupt treatments. Our findings highlight the importance of considering the rate of change in environmental change research and point to a new research direction for future global change studies. Furthermore, our results also have important implications for avoiding treatment-induced spore production in agriculture and medical practise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erqin Li
- Institut für Biologie, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Berlin, Germany
| | - Aleksandra Krsmanovic
- Institut für Biologie, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Berlin, Germany
| | - Max-Bernhard Ballhausen
- Institut für Biologie, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthias C Rillig
- Institut für Biologie, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Berlin, Germany
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15
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Physiological Alteration in Sunflower Plants (Helianthus annuus L.) Exposed to High CO2 and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10050937. [PMID: 34066650 PMCID: PMC8150476 DOI: 10.3390/plants10050937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Sunflower plants (Helianthus annuus L.) in a CO2-enriched atmosphere (eCO2) were used herein to examine the developmental and physiological effects of biofertilization with mycorrhizae (Rhizophagus irregularis). The eCO2 environment stimulated colonization using R. irregularis mycorrhizal fungi, as compared to plants grown under ambient CO2 conditions (aCO2). This colonization promotes plant growth due to an increased nutrient content (P, K, Mg, and B), which favors a greater synthesis of photosynthetic pigments. Biofertilized plants (M) under eCO2 conditions have a higher concentration of carbon compounds in their leaves, as compared to non-biofertilized eCO2 plants (NM). The biofertilization (M) of sunflowers with R. irregularis decreased the C/N ratio, as compared to the NM plants, decreasing the hydrogen peroxide content and increasing the antioxidant enzyme activity (catalase and APX). These results suggest that sunflower symbiosis with R. irregularis improves the absorption of N, while also decreasing the plant’s oxidative stress. It may be concluded that biofertilization with mycorrhizae (R. irregularis) may potentially replace the chemical fertilization of sunflower plants (H. annuus L.), resulting in more environmentally friendly agricultural practices. This information is essential to our understanding of the mechanisms influencing the C and N dynamic in future climate change scenarios, in which high CO2 levels are expected.
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16
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Unraveling the AM fungal community for understanding its ecosystem resilience to changed climate in agroecosystems. Symbiosis 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13199-021-00761-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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17
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Pinek L, Mansour I, Lakovic M, Ryo M, Rillig MC. Rate of environmental change across scales in ecology. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2020; 95:1798-1811. [PMID: 32761787 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The rate of change (RoC) of environmental drivers matters: biotic and abiotic components respond differently when faced with a fast or slow change in their environment. This phenomenon occurs across spatial scales and thus levels of ecological organization. We investigated the RoC of environmental drivers in the ecological literature and examined publication trends across ecological levels, including prevalent types of evidence and drivers. Research interest in environmental driver RoC has increased over time (particularly in the last decade), however, the amount of research and type of studies were not equally distributed across levels of organization and different subfields of ecology use temporal terminology (e.g. 'abrupt' and 'gradual') differently, making it difficult to compare studies. At the level of individual organisms, evidence indicates that responses and underlying mechanisms are different when environmental driver treatments are applied at different rates, thus we propose including a time dimension into reaction norms. There is much less experimental evidence at higher levels of ecological organization (i.e. population, community, ecosystem), although theoretical work at the population level indicates the importance of RoC for evolutionary responses. We identified very few studies at the community and ecosystem levels, although existing evidence indicates that driver RoC is important at these scales and potentially could be particularly important for some processes, such as community stability and cascade effects. We recommend shifting from a categorical (e.g. abrupt versus gradual) to a quantitative and continuous (e.g. °C/h) RoC framework and explicit reporting of RoC parameters, including magnitude, duration and start and end points to ease cross-scale synthesis and alleviate ambiguity. Understanding how driver RoC affects individuals, populations, communities and ecosystems, and furthermore how these effects can feed back between levels is critical to making improved predictions about ecological responses to global change drivers. The application of a unified quantitative RoC framework for ecological studies investigating environmental driver RoC will both allow cross-scale synthesis to be accomplished more easily and has the potential for the generation of novel hypotheses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliana Pinek
- Institut für Biologie, Plant Ecology, Freie Universität Berlin, D-14195, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), D-14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - India Mansour
- Institut für Biologie, Plant Ecology, Freie Universität Berlin, D-14195, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), D-14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Milica Lakovic
- Institut für Biologie, Plant Ecology, Freie Universität Berlin, D-14195, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), D-14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Masahiro Ryo
- Institut für Biologie, Plant Ecology, Freie Universität Berlin, D-14195, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), D-14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthias C Rillig
- Institut für Biologie, Plant Ecology, Freie Universität Berlin, D-14195, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), D-14195, Berlin, Germany
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18
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Golubeva P, Ryo M, Muller LAH, Ballhausen MB, Lehmann A, Sosa-Hernández MA, Rillig MC. Soil Saprobic Fungi Differ in Their Response to Gradually and Abruptly Delivered Copper. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1195. [PMID: 32655517 PMCID: PMC7325975 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The overwhelming majority of studies examining environmental change deliver treatments abruptly, although, in fact, many important changes are gradual. One example of a gradually increasing environmental stressor is heavy metal contamination. Essential heavy metals, such as copper, play an important role within cells of living organisms but are toxic at higher concentrations. In our study, we focus on the effects of copper pollution on filamentous soil fungi, key players in terrestrial ecosystem functioning. We hypothesize that fungi exposed to gradually increasing copper concentrations have higher chances for physiological acclimation and will maintain biomass production and accumulate less copper, compared to fungi abruptly exposed to the highest copper concentration. To test this hypothesis, we conducted an experiment with 17 fungal isolates exposed to gradual and abrupt copper addition. Contrary to our hypothesis, we find diverse idiosyncratic responses, such that for many fungi gradually increasing copper concentrations have more severe effects (stronger growth inhibition and higher copper accumulation) than an abrupt increase. While a number of environmental change studies have accumulated evidence based on the magnitude of changes, the results of our study imply that the rate of change can be an important factor to consider in future studies in ecology, environmental science, and environmental management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polina Golubeva
- Institut für Biologie, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Berlin, Germany
| | - Masahiro Ryo
- Institut für Biologie, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Berlin, Germany
| | - Ludo A H Muller
- Institut für Biologie, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Berlin, Germany
| | - Max-Bernhard Ballhausen
- Institut für Biologie, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Berlin, Germany
| | - Anika Lehmann
- Institut für Biologie, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Berlin, Germany
| | - Moisés A Sosa-Hernández
- Institut für Biologie, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthias C Rillig
- Institut für Biologie, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Berlin, Germany
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19
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The potential of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in C cycling: a review. Arch Microbiol 2020; 202:1581-1596. [PMID: 32448964 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-020-01915-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) contribute predominantly to soil organic matter by creating a sink demand for plant C and distributing to below-ground hyphal biomass. The extra-radical hyphae along with glomalin-related soil protein significantly influence the soil carbon dynamics through their larger extent and turnover period need to discuss. The role of AMF is largely overlooked in terrestrial C cycling and climate change models despite their greater involvement in net primary productivity augmentation and further accumulation of this additional photosynthetic fixed C in the soil. However, this buffering mechanism against elevated CO2 condition to sequester extra C by AMF can be described only after considering their potential interaction with other microbes and associated mineral nutrients such as nitrogen cycling. In this article, we try to review the potential of AMF in C sequestration paving the way towards a better understanding of possible AMF mechanism by which C balance between biosphere and atmosphere can be moved forward in more positive direction.
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20
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Wu J, Yu S. Effect of root exudates of Eucalyptus urophylla and Acacia mearnsii on soil microbes under simulated warming climate conditions. BMC Microbiol 2019; 19:224. [PMID: 31615406 PMCID: PMC6794899 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-019-1604-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies demonstrated that warming and elevated carbon dioxide (CO2) indirectly affect the soil microbial community structure via plant root exudates. However, there is no direct evidence for how the root exudates affect soil microbes and how the compositions of root exudates respond to climate change. RESULTS The results showed that warming directly decreased biomass of soil-borne bacteria and fungi for Acacia mearnsii De Willd but it did not impact soil microbial community for Eucalyptus urophylla S.T. Blake. In contrast, elevated CO2 had strong direct effect on increasing soil microbial biomass for both plant species. However, plant roots could significantly increase the secretion of antibacterial chemicals (most probable organic acids), which inhibited the growth of bacteria and fungi in elevated CO2 environment. This inhibitory effect neutralized the facilitation from increasing CO2 concentration on microbial growth. CONCLUSIONS We concluded that climate change can directly affect microorganisms, and indirectly affect the soil microbial community structure by changes in composition and content of plant root exudates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Wu
- Department of Ecology, School of Life Sciences /State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275 China
| | - Shixiao Yu
- Department of Ecology, School of Life Sciences /State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275 China
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21
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Liang Y, Lehmann A, Ballhausen MB, Muller L, Rillig MC. Increasing Temperature and Microplastic Fibers Jointly Influence Soil Aggregation by Saprobic Fungi. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2018. [PMID: 31555244 PMCID: PMC6742716 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Microplastic pollution and increasing temperature have potential to influence soil quality; yet little is known about their effects on soil aggregation, a key determinant of soil quality. Given the importance of fungi for soil aggregation, we investigated the impacts of increasing temperature and microplastic fibers on aggregation by carrying out a soil incubation experiment in which we inoculated soil individually with 5 specific strains of soil saprobic fungi. Our treatments were temperature (ambient temperature of 25°C or temperature increased by 3°C, abruptly versus gradually) and microplastic fibers (control and 0.4% w/w). We evaluated the percentage of water stable aggregates (WSA) and hydrolysis of fluorescein diacetate (FDA) as an indicator of fungal biomass. Microplastic fiber addition was the main factor influencing the WSA, decreasing the percentage of WSA except in soil incubated with strain RLCS 01, and mitigated the effects of temperature or even caused more pronounced decrease in WSA under increasing temperature. We also observed clear differences between temperature change patterns. Our study shows that the interactive effects of warming and microplastic fibers are important to consider when evaluating effects of global change on soil aggregation and potentially other soil processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Liang
- Institut für Biologie, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anika Lehmann
- Institut für Biologie, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research, Berlin, Germany
| | - Max-Bernhard Ballhausen
- Institut für Biologie, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ludo Muller
- Institut für Biologie, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research, Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthias C. Rillig
- Institut für Biologie, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research, Berlin, Germany
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22
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Frew
- School of Agricultural and Wine Sciences Charles Sturt University Wagga Wagga New South Wales Australia
- Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation Charles Sturt University Wagga Wagga New South Wales Australia
- Institute for Land, Water and Society Charles Sturt University Albury New South Wales Australia
| | - Jodi N. Price
- Institute for Land, Water and Society Charles Sturt University Albury New South Wales Australia
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23
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Maček I, Clark DR, Šibanc N, Moser G, Vodnik D, Müller C, Dumbrell AJ. Impacts of long-term elevated atmospheric CO 2 concentrations on communities of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Mol Ecol 2019; 28:3445-3458. [PMID: 31233651 PMCID: PMC6851679 DOI: 10.1111/mec.15160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The ecological impacts of long-term elevated atmospheric CO2 (eCO2 ) levels on soil microbiota remain largely unknown. This is particularly true for the arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, which form mutualistic associations with over two-thirds of terrestrial plant species and are entirely dependent on their plant hosts for carbon. Here, we use high-resolution amplicon sequencing (Illumina, HiSeq) to quantify the response of AM fungal communities to the longest running (>15 years) free-air carbon dioxide enrichment (FACE) experiment in the Northern Hemisphere (GiFACE); providing the first evaluation of these responses from old-growth (>100 years) semi-natural grasslands subjected to a 20% increase in atmospheric CO2 . eCO2 significantly increased AM fungal richness but had a less-pronounced impact on the composition of their communities. However, while broader changes in community composition were not observed, more subtle responses of specific AM fungal taxa were with populations both increasing and decreasing in abundance in response to eCO2 . Most population-level responses to eCO2 were not consistent through time, with a significant interaction between sampling time and eCO2 treatment being observed. This suggests that the temporal dynamics of AM fungal populations may be disturbed by anthropogenic stressors. As AM fungi are functionally differentiated, with different taxa providing different benefits to host plants, changes in population densities in response to eCO2 may significantly impact terrestrial plant communities and their productivity. Thus, predictions regarding future terrestrial ecosystems must consider changes both aboveground and belowground, but avoid relying on broad-scale community-level responses of soil microbes observed on single occasions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irena Maček
- Biotechnical FacultyUniversity of LjubljanaLjubljanaSlovenia
- Faculty of Mathematics, Natural Sciences and Information Technologies (FAMNIT)University of PrimorskaKoperSlovenia
| | - Dave R. Clark
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of EssexColchesterUK
| | - Nataša Šibanc
- Biotechnical FacultyUniversity of LjubljanaLjubljanaSlovenia
- Faculty of Mathematics, Natural Sciences and Information Technologies (FAMNIT)University of PrimorskaKoperSlovenia
- Slovenian Forestry InstituteLjubljanaSlovenia
| | - Gerald Moser
- Department of Plant EcologyJustus‐Liebig University GiessenGiessenGermany
| | - Dominik Vodnik
- Biotechnical FacultyUniversity of LjubljanaLjubljanaSlovenia
| | - Christoph Müller
- Department of Plant EcologyJustus‐Liebig University GiessenGiessenGermany
- School of Biology and Environmental Science and Earth InstituteUniversity College DublinDublinIreland
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24
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McTee M, Bullington L, Rillig MC, Ramsey PW. Do soil bacterial communities respond differently to abrupt or gradual additions of copper? FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2019; 95:5142696. [PMID: 30351419 PMCID: PMC6579733 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiy212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Many experiments that measure the response of microbial communities to heavy metals increase metal concentrations abruptly in the soil. However, it is unclear whether abrupt additions mimic the gradual and often long-term accumulation of these metals in the environment where microbial populations may adapt. In a greenhouse experiment that lasted 26 months, we tested whether bacterial communities and soil respiration differed between soils that received an abrupt or a gradual addition of copper or no copper at all. Bacterial richness and other diversity indices were consistently lower in the abrupt treatment compared to the ambient treatment that received no copper. The abrupt addition of copper yielded different initial bacterial communities than the gradual addition; however, these communities appeared to converge once copper concentrations were approximately equal. Soil respiration in the abrupt treatment was initially suppressed but recovered after four months. Afterwards, respiration in both the gradual and abrupt treatments wavered between being below or equal to the ambient treatment. Overall, our study indicates that gradual and abrupt additions of copper can yield similar bacterial communities and respiration, but these responses may drastically vary until copper concentrations are equal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael McTee
- MPG Ranch, 19400 Lower Woodchuck Rd, Florence, MT 59833, USA
| | | | - Matthias C Rillig
- Institut für Biologie - Ökologie der Pflanzen, Freie Universität Berlin, Altensteinstr. 6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Altensteinstr. 6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Philip W Ramsey
- MPG Ranch, 19400 Lower Woodchuck Rd, Florence, MT 59833, USA
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25
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Bennett AE, Evans DM, Powell JR. Potentials and pitfalls in the analysis of bipartite networks to understand plant–microbe interactions in changing environments. Funct Ecol 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alison E. Bennett
- Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology The Ohio State University Columbus Ohio
| | - Darren M. Evans
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences Newcastle University Newcastle upon Tyne UK
| | - Jeff R. Powell
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University Penrith New South Wales Australia
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Cotton TEA. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal communities and global change: an uncertain future. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2018; 94:5096018. [DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiy179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- TE Anne Cotton
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, Alfred Denny Building, Western Bank, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, S10 2TN, UK
- Plant Production and Protection (P3) Institute for Translational Plant and Soil Biology, Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, Alfred Denny Building, Western Bank, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, S10 2TN, UK
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Dong Y, Wang Z, Sun H, Yang W, Xu H. The Response Patterns of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal and Ectomycorrhizal Symbionts Under Elevated CO 2: A Meta-Analysis. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1248. [PMID: 29942293 PMCID: PMC6004511 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Elevated carbon dioxide (eCO2), a much-discussed topic in global warming, influences development and functions of mycorrhizal fungi and plants. However, due to the inconsistent results reported in various publications, the response patterns of symbionts associated with the arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) or with ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi to eCO2 remains still unclear. Therefore, we performed a meta-analysis to identify how eCO2 affected mycorrhizal fungi and if there is a significant different response between AM and ECM symbionts. Our results demonstrated that eCO2 increased mycorrhizal plants biomass (+26.20%), nutrient contents [+2.45% in nitrogen (N), and +10.66% in phosphorus (P)] and mycorrhizal fungal growth (+22.87% in extraradical hyphal length and +21.77% in mycorrhizal fungal biomass), whereas plant nutrient concentrations decreased (-11.86% in N and -12.01% in P) because the increase in plant biomass was greater than that in nutrient content. The AM plants exhibited larger increases in their biomass (+33.90%) and in their N (+21.99%) and P contents (+19.48%) than did the ECM plants (+20.57% in biomass, -4.28% in N content and -13.35% in P content). However, ECM fungi demonstrated increased responses of mycorrhizal fungal biomass (+29.98%) under eCO2 compared with AM fungi (+6.61%). These data indicate different patterns in the growth of AM and ECM symbionts under eCO2: AM symbionts contributed more to plant growth, while ECM symbionts were more favorable to mycorrhizal fungal growth. In addition, the responses of plant biomass to eCO2 showed no significant difference between short-term and long-term groups, whereas a significant difference in the responses of mycorrhizal fungal growth was found between the two groups. The addition of N increased plant growth but decreased mycorrhizal fungal abundance, and P addition increased total plant biomass and extraradical hyphal length, but shoot biomass largely increased in low P conditions. Mixtures of mycorrhizal fungi affected the total plant and root biomasses more than a single mycorrhizal fungus. Clarifying the different patterns in AM and ECM symbionts under eCO2 would contribute to a better understanding of the interactions between mycorrhizal fungi and plant symbionts under the conditions of global climate change as well as of the coevolution of flora with Earth's environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuling Dong
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenyu Wang
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Liaoning Institute of Science and Technology, Benxi, China
| | - Hao Sun
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Weichao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China
| | - Hui Xu
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China
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Werner GDA, Zhou Y, Pieterse CMJ, Kiers ET. Tracking plant preference for higher-quality mycorrhizal symbionts under varying CO 2 conditions over multiple generations. Ecol Evol 2018; 8:78-87. [PMID: 29321853 PMCID: PMC5756855 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.3635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Revised: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The symbiosis between plants and root-colonizing arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi is one of the most ecologically important examples of interspecific cooperation in the world. AM fungi provide benefits to plants; in return plants allocate carbon resources to fungi, preferentially allocating more resources to higher-quality fungi. However, preferential allocations from plants to symbionts may vary with environmental context, particularly when resource availability affects the relative value of symbiotic services. We ask how differences in atmospheric CO 2-levels influence root colonization dynamics between AMF species that differ in their quality as symbiotic partners. We find that with increasing CO 2-conditions and over multiple plant generations, the more beneficial fungal species is able to achieve a relatively higher abundance. This suggests that increasing atmospheric carbon supply enables plants to more effectively allocate carbon to higher-quality mutualists, and over time helps reduce lower-quality AM abundance. Our results illustrate how environmental context may affect the extent to which organisms structure interactions with their mutualistic partners and have potential implications for mutualism stability and persistence under global change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gijsbert D. A. Werner
- Department of Ecological ScienceVrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Department of ZoologyUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Yeling Zhou
- Plant‐Microbe InteractionsDepartment of BiologyUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Corné M. J. Pieterse
- Plant‐Microbe InteractionsDepartment of BiologyUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - E. Toby Kiers
- Department of Ecological ScienceVrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
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29
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Han H, Du Y, Hui D, Jiang L, Zhong M, Wan S. Long-term antagonistic effect of increased precipitation and nitrogen addition on soil respiration in a semiarid steppe. Ecol Evol 2017; 7:10804-10814. [PMID: 29299259 PMCID: PMC5743642 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.3536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Revised: 09/02/2017] [Accepted: 09/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Changes in water and nitrogen (N) availability due to climate change and atmospheric N deposition could have significant effects on soil respiration, a major pathway of carbon (C) loss from terrestrial ecosystems. A manipulative experiment simulating increased precipitation and atmospheric N deposition has been conducted for 9 years (2005-2013) in a semiarid grassland in Mongolian Plateau, China. Increased precipitation and N addition interactively affect soil respiration through the 9 years. The interactions demonstrated that N addition weakened the precipitation-induced stimulation of soil respiration, whereas increased precipitation exacerbated the negative impacts of N addition. The main effects of increased precipitation and N addition treatment on soil respiration were 15.8% stimulated and 14.2% suppressed, respectively. Moreover, a declining pattern and 2-year oscillation were observed for soil respiration response to N addition under increased precipitation. The dependence of soil respiration upon gross primary productivity and soil moisture, but not soil temperature, suggests that resources C substrate supply and water availability are more important than temperature in regulating interannual variations of soil C release in semiarid grassland ecosystems. The findings indicate that atmospheric N deposition may have the potential to mitigate soil C loss induced by increased precipitation, and highlight that long-term and multi-factor global change studies are critical for predicting the general patterns of terrestrial C cycling in response to global change in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Han
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Global Change Ecology School of Life Sciences Henan University Kaifeng Henan China
| | - Yue Du
- College of Life Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Dafeng Hui
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Global Change Ecology School of Life Sciences Henan University Kaifeng Henan China.,Department of Biological Sciences Tennessee State University Nashville TN USA
| | - Lin Jiang
- School of Biology Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA USA
| | - Mingxing Zhong
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Global Change Ecology School of Life Sciences Henan University Kaifeng Henan China
| | - Shiqiang Wan
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Global Change Ecology School of Life Sciences Henan University Kaifeng Henan China
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Vellend M, Baeten L, Becker-Scarpitta A, Boucher-Lalonde V, McCune JL, Messier J, Myers-Smith IH, Sax DF. Plant Biodiversity Change Across Scales During the Anthropocene. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PLANT BIOLOGY 2017; 68:563-586. [PMID: 28125286 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-arplant-042916-040949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Plant communities have undergone dramatic changes in recent centuries, although not all such changes fit with the dominant biodiversity-crisis narrative used to describe them. At the global scale, future declines in plant species diversity are highly likely given habitat conversion in the tropics, although few extinctions have been documented for the Anthropocene to date (<0.1%). Nonnative species introductions have greatly increased plant species richness in many regions of the world at the same time that they have led to the creation of new hybrid polyploid species by bringing previously isolated congeners into close contact. At the local scale, conversion of primary vegetation to agriculture has decreased plant diversity, whereas other drivers of change-e.g., climate warming, habitat fragmentation, and nitrogen deposition-have highly context-dependent effects, resulting in a distribution of temporal trends with a mean close to zero. These results prompt a reassessment of how conservation goals are defined and justified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Vellend
- Département de Biologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec J1K 2R1, Canada;
| | - Lander Baeten
- Forest and Nature Lab, Department of Forest and Water Management, Ghent University, BE-9090 Melle-Gontrode, Belgium
| | | | | | - Jenny L McCune
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Julie Messier
- Département de Biologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec J1K 2R1, Canada;
| | - Isla H Myers-Smith
- School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FF, United Kingdom
| | - Dov F Sax
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912
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Siteur K, Eppinga MB, Doelman A, Siero E, Rietkerk M. Ecosystems off track: rate-induced critical transitions in ecological models. OIKOS 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.03112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Koen Siteur
- Dept of Environmental Sciences, Copernicus Institute, Faculty of Geosciences; Utrecht Univ.; Heidelberglaan 2 PO Box 80115 NL-3508 TC Utrecht the Netherlands
| | - Maarten B. Eppinga
- Dept of Environmental Sciences, Copernicus Institute, Faculty of Geosciences; Utrecht Univ.; Heidelberglaan 2 PO Box 80115 NL-3508 TC Utrecht the Netherlands
| | - Arjen Doelman
- Mathematical Inst.; Leiden Univ.; Leiden the Netherlands
| | - Eric Siero
- Mathematical Inst.; Leiden Univ.; Leiden the Netherlands
| | - Max Rietkerk
- Dept of Environmental Sciences, Copernicus Institute, Faculty of Geosciences; Utrecht Univ.; Heidelberglaan 2 PO Box 80115 NL-3508 TC Utrecht the Netherlands
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Veresoglou SD, Anderson IC, de Sousa NMF, Hempel S, Rillig MC. Resilience of Fungal Communities to Elevated CO2. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2016; 72:493-5. [PMID: 27273090 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-016-0795-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Soil filamentous fungi play a prominent role in regulating ecosystem functioning in terrestrial ecosystems. This necessitates understanding their responses to climate change drivers in order to predict how nutrient cycling and ecosystem services will be influenced in the future. Here, we provide a quantitative synthesis of ten studies on soil fungal community responses to elevated CO2. Many of these studies reported contradictory diversity responses. We identify the duration of the study as an influential parameter that determines the outcome of experimentation. Our analysis reconciles the existing globally distributed experiments on fungal community responses to elevated CO2 and provides a framework for comparing results of future CO2 enrichment studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stavros D Veresoglou
- Institut für Biologie, Freie Universität Berlin, Altensteinstr. 6, D-14195, Berlin, Germany.
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), D-14195, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Ian C Anderson
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Natalia M F de Sousa
- Institut für Biologie, Freie Universität Berlin, Altensteinstr. 6, D-14195, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), D-14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan Hempel
- Institut für Biologie, Freie Universität Berlin, Altensteinstr. 6, D-14195, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), D-14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthias C Rillig
- Institut für Biologie, Freie Universität Berlin, Altensteinstr. 6, D-14195, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), D-14195, Berlin, Germany
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Lenhart K, Kammann C, Boeckx P, Six J, Müller C. Quantification of ecosystem C dynamics in a long-term FACE study on permanent grassland. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2016; 30:963-972. [PMID: 26969939 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.7515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Revised: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Because of the wide-ranging appearance and high soil organic carbon (C) content of grasslands, their ecosystems play an important role in the global C cycle. Thus, even small changes in input or output rates lead to significant changes in the soil C content, thereby affecting atmospheric [CO2 ]. Our aim was to examine if a higher C supply provided under elevated CO2 will increase the soil C pool. Special attention was given to respirational processes, where CO2 emission rates and its sources (plant vs. soil) were considered. METHODS The Giessen-FACE experiment started in 1998 with a moderate CO2 enrichment of +20% and +30% above ambient on an extensively managed grassland. The experiment consists of three control plots where no CO2 is applied, three plots where [CO2 ] is enriched by +20% and one plot receiving [CO2 ] +30%. To exclude initial CO2 step increase effects, a detailed examination of respirational processes over 30 months was carried out after 6 years of CO2 enrichment starting in June 2004. At that time, the δ(13) C signature of the enrichment-CO2 was switched from -25 ‰ to -48 ‰ without a concomitant change in CO2 concentration. RESULTS After 9 years, the fraction of new C under [CO2 ] +20% was 37 ± 5.4% in the top 7.5 cm but this decreased with depth. No CO2 effect on soil carbon content was detected. Between June 2004 and December 2006, elevated [CO2 ] +20% increased the ecosystem respiration by 13%. The contribution of root respiration to soil respiration was 37 ± 13% (5 cm) and 43 ± 14% (10 cm) for [CO2 ] +20% and 35 ± 13% and 40 ± 13% for [CO2 ] +30%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Our findings of an increased C turnover without a net soil C sequestration suggest that the sink strength of grassland ecosystems might decrease in the future, because the additional C may quickly be released as CO2 to the atmosphere. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Lenhart
- Department of Plant Ecology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff Ring 26-32, D-35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Claudia Kammann
- Department of Plant Ecology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff Ring 26-32, D-35392, Giessen, Germany
- Department for Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, Hochschule Geisenheim University, Von-Lade-Str. 1, D-65366, Geisenheim, Germany
| | - Pascal Boeckx
- Isotope Bioscience Laboratory - ISOFYS, Gent University, Coupure Links 653, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
| | - Johan Six
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Zurich, Tannenstrasse 1, 8044, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Müller
- Department of Plant Ecology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff Ring 26-32, D-35392, Giessen, Germany
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, 4, Ireland
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Drake JE, Macdonald CA, Tjoelker MG, Crous KY, Gimeno TE, Singh BK, Reich PB, Anderson IC, Ellsworth DS. Short-term carbon cycling responses of a mature eucalypt woodland to gradual stepwise enrichment of atmospheric CO2 concentration. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2016; 22:380-90. [PMID: 26426394 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.13109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Revised: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Projections of future climate are highly sensitive to uncertainties regarding carbon (C) uptake and storage by terrestrial ecosystems. The Eucalyptus Free-Air CO2 Enrichment (EucFACE) experiment was established to study the effects of elevated atmospheric CO2 concentrations (eCO2 ) on a native mature eucalypt woodland with low fertility soils in southeast Australia. In contrast to other FACE experiments, the concentration of CO2 at EucFACE was increased gradually in steps above ambient (+0, 30, 60, 90, 120, and 150 ppm CO2 above ambient of ~400 ppm), with each step lasting approximately 5 weeks. This provided a unique opportunity to study the short-term (weeks to months) response of C cycle flux components to eCO2 across a range of CO2 concentrations in an intact ecosystem. Soil CO2 efflux (i.e., soil respiration or Rsoil ) increased in response to initial enrichment (e.g., +30 and +60 ppm CO2 ) but did not continue to increase as the CO2 enrichment was stepped up to higher concentrations. Light-saturated photosynthesis of canopy leaves (Asat ) also showed similar stimulation by elevated CO2 at +60 ppm as at +150 ppm CO2 . The lack of significant effects of eCO2 on soil moisture, microbial biomass, or activity suggests that the increase in Rsoil likely reflected increased root and rhizosphere respiration rather than increased microbial decomposition of soil organic matter. This rapid increase in Rsoil suggests that under eCO2, additional photosynthate was produced, transported belowground, and respired. The consequences of this increased belowground activity and whether it is sustained through time in mature ecosystems under eCO2 are a priority for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- John E Drake
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Catriona A Macdonald
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Mark G Tjoelker
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Kristine Y Crous
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Teresa E Gimeno
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
- INRA UMR 1391, ISPA, CS 20032, F-33140, Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Brajesh K Singh
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Peter B Reich
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
- Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota, 1530 Cleveland Avenue North, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Ian C Anderson
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - David S Ellsworth
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
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Lorenzi T, Chisholm RH, Desvillettes L, Hughes BD. Dissecting the dynamics of epigenetic changes in phenotype-structured populations exposed to fluctuating environments. J Theor Biol 2015; 386:166-76. [PMID: 26375370 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2015.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Revised: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 08/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
An enduring puzzle in evolutionary biology is to understand how individuals and populations adapt to fluctuating environments. Here we present an integro-differential model of adaptive dynamics in a phenotype-structured population whose fitness landscape evolves in time due to periodic environmental oscillations. The analytical tractability of our model allows for a systematic investigation of the relative contributions of heritable variations in gene expression, environmental changes and natural selection as drivers of phenotypic adaptation. We show that environmental fluctuations can induce the population to enter an unstable and fluctuation-driven epigenetic state. We demonstrate that this can trigger the emergence of oscillations in the size of the population, and we establish a full characterisation of such oscillations. Moreover, the results of our analyses provide a formal basis for the claim that higher rates of epimutations can bring about higher levels of intrapopulation heterogeneity, whilst intense selection pressures can deplete variation in the phenotypic pool of asexual populations. Finally, our work illustrates how the dynamics of the population size is led by a strong synergism between the rate of phenotypic variation and the frequency of environmental oscillations, and identifies possible ecological conditions that promote the maximisation of the population size in fluctuating environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommaso Lorenzi
- Centre de Mathématiques et de Leurs Applications, ENS Cachan, CNRS, Cachan 94230 Cedex, France.
| | - Rebecca H Chisholm
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Laurent Desvillettes
- Centre de Mathématiques et de Leurs Applications, ENS Cachan, CNRS, Cachan 94230 Cedex, France
| | - Barry D Hughes
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
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De Boeck HJ, Vicca S, Roy J, Nijs I, Milcu A, Kreyling J, Jentsch A, Chabbi A, Campioli M, Callaghan T, Beierkuhnlein C, Beier C. Global Change Experiments: Challenges and Opportunities. Bioscience 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/biosci/biv099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Kröel-Dulay G, Ransijn J, Schmidt IK, Beier C, De Angelis P, de Dato G, Dukes JS, Emmett B, Estiarte M, Garadnai J, Kongstad J, Kovács-Láng E, Larsen KS, Liberati D, Ogaya R, Riis-Nielsen T, Smith AR, Sowerby A, Tietema A, Penuelas J. Increased sensitivity to climate change in disturbed ecosystems. Nat Commun 2015; 6:6682. [DOI: 10.1038/ncomms7682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2014] [Accepted: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Li X, Zhang J, Gai J, Cai X, Christie P, Li X. Contribution of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi of sedges to soil aggregation along an altitudinal alpine grassland gradient on the Tibetan Plateau. Environ Microbiol 2015; 17:2841-57. [DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.12792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Revised: 01/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoliang Li
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences; China Agricultural University; Beijing 100193 China
| | - Junling Zhang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences; China Agricultural University; Beijing 100193 China
| | - Jingping Gai
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences; China Agricultural University; Beijing 100193 China
| | - Xiaobu Cai
- Tibet Agricultural and Animal Husbandry College; Tibet University; Linzhi 860000 China
| | - Peter Christie
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences; China Agricultural University; Beijing 100193 China
| | - Xiaolin Li
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences; China Agricultural University; Beijing 100193 China
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Bever JD. Preferential allocation, physio-evolutionary feedbacks, and the stability and environmental patterns of mutualism between plants and their root symbionts. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2015; 205:1503-1514. [PMID: 25561086 DOI: 10.1111/nph.13239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2014] [Accepted: 11/15/2014] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The common occurrence of mutualistic interactions between plants and root symbionts is problematic. As the delivery of benefit to hosts involves costs to symbionts, symbionts that provide reduced benefit to their host are expected to increase in frequency. Plants have been shown to allocate preferentially to the most efficient symbiont and this preferential allocation may stabilize the mutualism. I construct a general model of the interactive feedbacks of host preferential allocation and the dynamics of root symbiont populations to evaluate the stability of nutritional mutualisms. Preferential allocation can promote the evolution of mutualism even when the cost to the symbiont is very large. Moreover, the physiological plasticity of preferential allocation likely leads to coexistence of beneficial and nonbeneficial symbionts. For arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, which facilitate plant uptake of phosphorus (P), the model predicts greater P transfer from these fungi per unit carbon invested with decreasing concentrations of soil P and with increasing concentrations of atmospheric CO2 , patterns that have been observed in laboratory and field studies. This framework connects physiological plasticity in plant allocation to population processes that determine mutualism stability and, as such, represents a significant step in understanding the stability and environmental patterns in mutualism.
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Affiliation(s)
- James D Bever
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
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Cotton TEA, Fitter AH, Miller RM, Dumbrell AJ, Helgason T. Fungi in the future: interannual variation and effects of atmospheric change on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal communities. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2015; 205:1598-1607. [PMID: 25560980 PMCID: PMC4338757 DOI: 10.1111/nph.13224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 11/12/2014] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the natural dynamics of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi and their response to global environmental change is essential for the prediction of future plant growth and ecosystem functions. We investigated the long-term temporal dynamics and effect of elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2 ) and ozone (O3 ) concentrations on AM fungal communities. Molecular methods were used to characterize the AM fungal communities of soybean (Glycine max) grown under elevated and ambient atmospheric concentrations of both CO2 and O3 within a free air concentration enrichment experiment in three growing seasons over 5 yr. Elevated CO2 altered the community composition of AM fungi, increasing the ratio of Glomeraceae to Gigasporaceae. By contrast, no effect of elevated O3 on AM fungal communities was detected. However, the greatest compositional differences detected were between years, suggesting that, at least in the short term, large-scale interannual temporal dynamics are stronger mediators than atmospheric CO2 concentrations of AM fungal communities. We conclude that, although atmospheric change may significantly alter AM fungal communities, this effect may be masked by the influences of natural changes and successional patterns through time. We suggest that changes in carbon availability are important determinants of the community dynamics of AM fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- T E Anne Cotton
- Department of Biology, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, CO4 3SQ, UK
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, Alfred Denny Building, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | | | - R Michael Miller
- Biosciences Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S. Cass Avenue, Argonne, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Alex J Dumbrell
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, CO4 3SQ, UK
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Alguacil MM, Torrecillas E, Lozano Z, Roldán A. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi communities in a coral cay system (Morrocoy, Venezuela) and their relationships with environmental variables. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2015; 505:805-813. [PMID: 25461083 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Revised: 10/08/2014] [Accepted: 10/09/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Knowledge of the natural diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and understanding of their biogeographical patterns and what drive them might help to the maintenance and preservation of ecosystems under a changing environment. The objective of this study was to evaluate the contribution of different environmental factors to the determination of the composition of AMF assemblages in representative sites within the Morrocoy National Park (Venezuela). The community structure of the AMF under the canopy of Coccoloba uvifera was investigated in four cays (Borracho, Muerto, Peraza, and Paiclás) and one mainland location (Las Luisas). Based on partial sequences of the nuclear small subunit ribosomal DNA gene, the AM fungi in soil samples were divided into 31 operational taxonomic units, grouped in eight families. The canonical correspondence analysis showed that environmental factors related to insularity (the mean annual rainfall, the distance to the mainland coast, and the cay land area) and a soil property related to biological activity (the total carbohydrate content) were significantly related to the distribution of the AMF communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Alguacil
- CSIC-Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura, Department of Soil and Water Conservation, P.O. Box 164, Campus de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain.
| | - E Torrecillas
- CSIC-Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura, Department of Soil and Water Conservation, P.O. Box 164, Campus de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Z Lozano
- Universidad Central de Venezuela (UCV), Facultad de Agronomía, Instituto de Edafología, Av. Universidad, El Limón, Campus Universitario, Apdo. 4579, 2101 Maracay, Venezuela
| | - A Roldán
- CSIC-Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura, Department of Soil and Water Conservation, P.O. Box 164, Campus de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain
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Haworth M, Moser G, Raschi A, Kammann C, Grünhage L, Müller C. Carbon dioxide fertilisation and supressed respiration induce enhanced spring biomass production in a mixed species temperate meadow exposed to moderate carbon dioxide enrichment. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2015; 43:26-39. [PMID: 32480439 DOI: 10.1071/fp15232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2014] [Accepted: 10/18/2015] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The rising concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere ([CO2]) has a direct effect on terrestrial vegetation through shifts in the rates of photosynthetic carbon uptake and transpirational water-loss. Free Air CO2 Enrichment (FACE) experiments aim to predict the likely responses of plants to increased [CO2] under normal climatic conditions. The Giessen FACE system operates a lower [CO2] enrichment regime (480μmolmol-1) than standard FACE (550-600μmolmol-1), permitting the analysis of a mixed species temperate meadow under a [CO2] level equivalent to that predicted in 25-30 years. We analysed the physiological and morphological responses of six species to investigate the effect of moderate [CO2] on spring biomass production. Carbon dioxide enrichment stimulated leaf photosynthetic rates and supressed respiration, contributing to enhanced net assimilation and a 23% increase in biomass. The capacity for photosynthetic assimilation was unaffected by [CO2] enrichment, with no downregulation of rates of carboxylation of Rubisco or regeneration of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate. Foliar N content was also not influenced by increased [CO2]. Enhanced [CO2] reduced stomatal size, but stomatal density and leaf area index remained constant, suggesting that the effect on gas exchange was minimal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Haworth
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche - Istituto di Biometeorologia, Via Giovanni Caproni 8, 50145 Florence, Italy
| | - Gerald Moser
- Department of Plant Ecology, Interdisciplinary Research Centre, University of Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Antonio Raschi
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche - Istituto di Biometeorologia, Via Giovanni Caproni 8, 50145 Florence, Italy
| | - Claudia Kammann
- Department of Plant Ecology, Interdisciplinary Research Centre, University of Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Ludger Grünhage
- Department of Plant Ecology, Interdisciplinary Research Centre, University of Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Christoph Müller
- Department of Plant Ecology, Interdisciplinary Research Centre, University of Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26, 35392 Giessen, Germany
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46
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Zheng C, Ji B, Zhang J, Zhang F, Bever JD. Shading decreases plant carbon preferential allocation towards the most beneficial mycorrhizal mutualist. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2015; 205:361-8. [PMID: 25243653 DOI: 10.1111/nph.13025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2014] [Accepted: 07/26/2014] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Preferential allocation towards the most beneficial mutualist could maintain mycorrhizal mutualism. Context dependence of preferential allocation could then determine environmental patterns in abundance of mycorrhizal mutualists. We assessed the preferential allocation of carbon (C) and differential phosphorus (P) uptake across four light treatments between the host plant Allium vineale and two arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi within a split-root system. The ratios of C allocation and P uptake between the beneficial and nonbeneficial AM fungi were measured using isotopic labelling. Allium vineale preferentially allocated more C towards roots infected with the most beneficial AM fungus in high light and, in return, received more P from the beneficial fungus. Preferential allocation declined with shading, as A. vineale allocated 25% of labelled C to roots infected with beneficial AM fungi in high light, but only 15% with shading, a similar percentage to that allocated to roots infected with nonbeneficial fungi regardless of shading. Our findings demonstrate that plant preferential allocation towards the most beneficial mycorrhizal mutualist depends upon above-ground resources, suggesting that the abundance of beneficial mycorrhizal fungi will increase with amount of above-ground resources, with implications for mycorrhizal mediation of plant productivity with anthropogenic change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoyuan Zheng
- Centre for Resources, Environmental and Food Security, Department of Plant Nutrition, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China; Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100193, China; Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, 47403, USA
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47
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Limberger R, Low-Décarie E, Fussmann GF. Final thermal conditions override the effects of temperature history and dispersal in experimental communities. Proc Biol Sci 2014; 281:rspb.2014.1540. [PMID: 25186000 PMCID: PMC4173686 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2014.1540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Predicting the effect of climate change on biodiversity is a multifactorial problem that is complicated by potentially interactive effects with habitat properties and altered species interactions. In a microcosm experiment with communities of microalgae, we analysed whether the effect of rising temperature on diversity depended on the initial or the final temperature of the habitat, on the rate of change, on dispersal and on landscape heterogeneity. We also tested whether the response of species to temperature measured in monoculture allowed prediction of the composition of communities under rising temperature. We found that the final temperature of the habitat was the primary driver of diversity in our experimental communities. Species richness declined faster at higher temperatures. The negative effect of warming was not alleviated by a slower rate of warming or by dispersal among habitats and did not depend on the initial temperature. The response of evenness, however, did depend on the rate of change and on the initial temperature. Community composition was not predictable from monoculture assays, but higher fitness inequality (as seen by larger variance in growth rate among species in monoculture at higher temperatures) explained the faster loss of biodiversity with rising temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romana Limberger
- Department of Biology, McGill University, 1205 Avenue Docteur-Penfield, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A 1B1
| | - Etienne Low-Décarie
- Department of Biology, McGill University, 1205 Avenue Docteur-Penfield, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A 1B1
| | - Gregor F Fussmann
- Department of Biology, McGill University, 1205 Avenue Docteur-Penfield, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A 1B1
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Yang W, Zheng Y, Gao C, He X, Ding Q, Kim Y, Rui Y, Wang S, Guo LD. The arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal community response to warming and grazing differs between soil and roots on the Qinghai-Tibetan plateau. PLoS One 2013; 8:e76447. [PMID: 24086741 PMCID: PMC3784447 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0076447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2013] [Accepted: 08/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi form symbiotic associations with most plant species in terrestrial ecosystems, and are affected by environmental variations. To reveal the impact of disturbance on an AM fungal community under future global warming, we examined the abundance and community composition of AM fungi in both soil and mixed roots in an alpine meadow on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, China. Warming and grazing had no significant effect on AM root colonization, spore density and extraradical hyphal density. A total of 65 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) of AM fungi were identified from soil and roots using molecular techniques. AM fungal OTU richness was higher in soil (54 OTUs) than in roots (34 OTUs), and some AM fungi that differed between soil and roots, showed significantly biased occurrence to warming or grazing. Warming and grazing did not significantly affect AM fungal OTU richness in soil, but warming with grazing significantly increased AM fungal OTU richness in roots compared to the grazing-only treatment. Non-metric multidimensional scaling analysis showed that the AM fungal community composition was significantly different between soil and roots, and was significantly affected by grazing in roots, whereas in soil it was significantly affected by warming and plant species richness. The results suggest that the AM fungal community responds differently to warming and grazing in soil compared with roots. This study provides insights into the role of AM fungi under global environmental change scenarios in alpine meadows of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Cheng Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xinhua He
- School of Plant Biology, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
| | - Qiong Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yongchan Kim
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yichao Rui
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shiping Wang
- Laboratory of Alpine Ecology and Biodiversity, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Liang-Dong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Rúa MA, Umbanhowar J, Hu S, Burkey KO, Mitchell CE. Elevated CO2 spurs reciprocal positive effects between a plant virus and an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2013; 199:541-549. [PMID: 23594373 DOI: 10.1111/nph.12273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2013] [Accepted: 03/13/2013] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Plants form ubiquitous associations with diverse microbes. These interactions range from parasitism to mutualism, depending partly on resource supplies that are being altered by global change. While many studies have considered the separate effects of pathogens and mutualists on their hosts, few studies have investigated interactions among microbial mutualists and pathogens in the context of global change. Using two wild grass species as model hosts, we grew individual plants under ambient or elevated CO(2), and ambient or increased soil phosphorus (P) supply. Additionally, individuals were grown with or without arbuscular mycorrhizal inoculum, and after 2 wk, plants were inoculated or mock-inoculated with a phloem-restricted virus. Under elevated CO(2), mycorrhizal association increased the titer of virus infections, and virus infection reciprocally increased the colonization of roots by mycorrhizal fungi. Additionally, virus infection decreased plant allocation to root biomass, increased leaf P, and modulated effects of CO(2) and P addition on mycorrhizal root colonization. These results indicate that plant mutualists and pathogens can alter each other's success, and predict that these interactions will respond to increased resource availability and elevated CO(2). Together, our findings highlight the importance of interactions among multiple microorganisms for plant performance under global change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan A Rúa
- Curriculum for the Environment and Ecology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-3135, USA
- Department of Biology, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, 38677, USA
| | - James Umbanhowar
- Curriculum for the Environment and Ecology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-3135, USA
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-3280, USA
| | - Shuijin Hu
- Department of Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Kent O Burkey
- USDA - ARS Plant Science Research Unit, and Department of Crop Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695-7631, USA
| | - Charles E Mitchell
- Curriculum for the Environment and Ecology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-3135, USA
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-3280, USA
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