1
|
Majhi BB, Sobol G, Gachie S, Sreeramulu S, Sessa G. BRASSINOSTEROID-SIGNALLING KINASES 7 and 8 associate with the FLS2 immune receptor and are required for flg22-induced PTI responses. Mol Plant Pathol 2021; 22:786-799. [PMID: 33955635 PMCID: PMC8232025 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.13062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Revised: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) is typically initiated in plants by recognition of pathogen- or damage-associated molecular patterns (PAMP/DAMPs) by cell surface-localized pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). Here, we investigated the role in PTI of Arabidopsis thaliana brassinosteroid-signalling kinases 7 and 8 (BSK7 and BSK8), which are members of the receptor-like cytoplasmic kinase subfamily XII. BSK7 and BSK8 localized to the plant cell periphery and interacted in yeast and in planta with FLS2, but not with other PRRs. Consistent with a role in FLS2 signalling, bsk7 and bsk8 single and bsk7,8 double mutant plants were impaired in several immune responses induced by flg22, but not by other PAMP/DAMPs. These included resistance to Pseudomonas syringae and Botrytis cinerea, reactive oxygen species accumulation, callose deposition at the cell wall, and expression of the defence-related gene PR1, but not activation of MAP kinases and expression of the FRK1 and WRKY29 genes. bsk7, bsk8, and bsk7,8 plants also displayed enhanced susceptibility to P. syringae and B. cinerea. Finally, BSK7 and BSK8 variants mutated in their myristoylation site or in the ATP-binding site failed to complement defective phenotypes of the corresponding mutants, suggesting that localization to the cell periphery and kinase activity are critical for BSK7 and BSK8 functions. Together, these findings demonstrate that BSK7 and BSK8 play a role in PTI initiated by recognition of flg22 by interacting with the FLS2 immune receptor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bharat Bhusan Majhi
- School of Plant Sciences and Food SecurityTel‐Aviv UniversityTel‐AvivIsrael
- Present address:
Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and PhysicsUniversité du Québec à Trois‐RivièresTrois‐RivièresQuebecCanada
| | - Guy Sobol
- School of Plant Sciences and Food SecurityTel‐Aviv UniversityTel‐AvivIsrael
| | - Sarah Gachie
- School of Plant Sciences and Food SecurityTel‐Aviv UniversityTel‐AvivIsrael
| | - Shivakumar Sreeramulu
- School of Plant Sciences and Food SecurityTel‐Aviv UniversityTel‐AvivIsrael
- Present address:
Rallis India LimitedKIADB Industrial AreaBommasandraIndia
| | - Guido Sessa
- School of Plant Sciences and Food SecurityTel‐Aviv UniversityTel‐AvivIsrael
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Grinter DC, Allan M, Yang HJ, Salcedo A, Murgida GE, Shaw B, Pang CL, Idriss H, Ganduglia‐Pirovano MV, Thornton G. Ce=O Terminated CeO 2. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:13835-13839. [PMID: 33826220 PMCID: PMC8251574 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202101771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Multiply bonded lanthanide oxo groups are rare in coordination compounds and have not previously been reported for a surface termination of a lanthanide oxide. Here we report the observation of a Ce=O terminated ceria surface in a CeO2 (111)-( 3 × 3 )R30° reconstruction of ≈3 nm thick ceria islands prepared on Pt(111). This is evidenced by scanning tunnelling microscopy (STM), low energy electron diffraction (LEED) and high-resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy (HREELS) measurements in conjunction with density functional theory (DFT) calculations. A Ce=O stretching frequency of 775 cm-1 is observed in HREELS, compared with 766 cm-1 calculated by DFT. The calculations also predict that the Ce=O bond is weak, with an oxygen vacancy formation energy of 0.85 eV. This could play an important role in the facile removal of lattice oxygen from CeO2 , accompanied by the reduction of CeIV to CeIII , which is a key attribute of ceria-based systems in connection with their unique catalytic properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David C. Grinter
- Department of Chemistry and London Centre for NanotechnologyUniversity College London20 Gordon StreetLondonWC1H 0AJUK
- Diamond Light SourceDiamond House, Harwell Science and Innovation CampusDidcotOX11 0DEUK
| | - Michael Allan
- Department of Chemistry and London Centre for NanotechnologyUniversity College London20 Gordon StreetLondonWC1H 0AJUK
| | - Hyun Jin Yang
- Department of Chemistry and London Centre for NanotechnologyUniversity College London20 Gordon StreetLondonWC1H 0AJUK
| | - Agustín Salcedo
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Facultad de IngenieríaUniversidad de Buenos AiresCiudad UniversitariaC1428EGABuenos AiresArgentina
| | - Gustavo E. Murgida
- Centro Atómico ConstituyentesGIyACNEASan MartínConsejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y TecnicasC1033AAJBuenos AiresArgentina
| | - Bobbie‐Jean Shaw
- Department of Chemistry and London Centre for NanotechnologyUniversity College London20 Gordon StreetLondonWC1H 0AJUK
| | - Chi L. Pang
- Department of Chemistry and London Centre for NanotechnologyUniversity College London20 Gordon StreetLondonWC1H 0AJUK
| | - Hicham Idriss
- Department of Chemistry and London Centre for NanotechnologyUniversity College London20 Gordon StreetLondonWC1H 0AJUK
- Surface Science and Advanced CharacterisationChemical Sciences DivisionSABIC-CRD at KaustThuwal23955Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Geoff Thornton
- Department of Chemistry and London Centre for NanotechnologyUniversity College London20 Gordon StreetLondonWC1H 0AJUK
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Maréchaux I, Langerwisch F, Huth A, Bugmann H, Morin X, Reyer CP, Seidl R, Collalti A, Dantas de Paula M, Fischer R, Gutsch M, Lexer MJ, Lischke H, Rammig A, Rödig E, Sakschewski B, Taubert F, Thonicke K, Vacchiano G, Bohn FJ. Tackling unresolved questions in forest ecology: The past and future role of simulation models. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:3746-3770. [PMID: 33976773 PMCID: PMC8093733 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.7391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the processes that shape forest functioning, structure, and diversity remains challenging, although data on forest systems are being collected at a rapid pace and across scales. Forest models have a long history in bridging data with ecological knowledge and can simulate forest dynamics over spatio-temporal scales unreachable by most empirical investigations.We describe the development that different forest modelling communities have followed to underpin the leverage that simulation models offer for advancing our understanding of forest ecosystems.Using three widely applied but contrasting approaches - species distribution models, individual-based forest models, and dynamic global vegetation models - as examples, we show how scientific and technical advances have led models to transgress their initial objectives and limitations. We provide an overview of recent model applications on current important ecological topics and pinpoint ten key questions that could, and should, be tackled with forest models in the next decade.Synthesis. This overview shows that forest models, due to their complementarity and mutual enrichment, represent an invaluable toolkit to address a wide range of fundamental and applied ecological questions, hence fostering a deeper understanding of forest dynamics in the context of global change.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Fanny Langerwisch
- Department of Ecology and Environmental SciencesPalacký University OlomoucOlomoucCzech Republic
- Department of Water Resources and Environmental ModelingCzech University of Life SciencesPragueCzech Republic
| | - Andreas Huth
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research ‐ UFZLeipzigGermany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐LeipzigLeipzigGermany
- Institute of Environmental Systems ResearchOsnabrück UniversityOsnabrückGermany
| | - Harald Bugmann
- Forest EcologyInstitute of Terrestrial EcosystemsETH ZürichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Xavier Morin
- EPHECEFECNRSUniv MontpellierUniv Paul Valéry MontpellierIRDMontpellierFrance
| | - Christopher P.O. Reyer
- Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK)Member of the Leibniz AssociationPotsdamGermany
| | - Rupert Seidl
- Institute of SilvicultureUniversity of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU)ViennaAustria
- TUM School of Life SciencesTechnical University of MunichFreisingGermany
| | - Alessio Collalti
- Forest Modelling LabInstitute for Agriculture and Forestry Systems in the MediterraneanNational Research Council of Italy (CNR‐ISAFOM)Perugia (PG)Italy
- Department of Innovation in Biological, Agro‐food and Forest SystemsUniversity of TusciaViterboItaly
| | | | - Rico Fischer
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research ‐ UFZLeipzigGermany
| | - Martin Gutsch
- Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK)Member of the Leibniz AssociationPotsdamGermany
| | | | - Heike Lischke
- Dynamic MacroecologyLand Change ScienceSwiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSLBirmensdorfSwitzerland
| | - Anja Rammig
- TUM School of Life SciencesTechnical University of MunichFreisingGermany
| | - Edna Rödig
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research ‐ UFZLeipzigGermany
| | - Boris Sakschewski
- Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK)Member of the Leibniz AssociationPotsdamGermany
| | | | - Kirsten Thonicke
- Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK)Member of the Leibniz AssociationPotsdamGermany
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Škrbić T, Maritan A, Giacometti A, Banavar JR. Local sequence-structure relationships in proteins. Protein Sci 2021; 30:818-829. [PMID: 33511717 PMCID: PMC7980514 DOI: 10.1002/pro.4032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
We seek to understand the interplay between amino acid sequence and local structure in proteins. Are some amino acids unique in their ability to fit harmoniously into certain local structures? What is the role of sequence in sculpting the putative native state folds from myriad possible conformations? In order to address these questions, we represent the local structure of each Cα atom of a protein by just two angles, θ and μ, and we analyze a set of more than 4,000 protein structures from the PDB. We use a hierarchical clustering scheme to divide the 20 amino acids into six distinct groups based on their similarity to each other in fitting local structural space. We present the results of a detailed analysis of patterns of amino acid specificity in adopting local structural conformations and show that the sequence-structure correlation is not very strong compared with a random assignment of sequence to structure. Yet, our analysis may be useful to determine an effective scoring rubric for quantifying the match of an amino acid to its putative local structure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tatjana Škrbić
- Department of Physics and Institute for Fundamental ScienceUniversity of OregonEugeneOregonUSA
- Dipartimento di Scienze Molecolari e NanosistemiUniversità Ca' Foscari VeneziaVenezia MestreItaly
| | - Amos Maritan
- Dipartimento di Fisica e AstronomiaUniversità di Padova and INFNPadovaItaly
| | - Achille Giacometti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Molecolari e NanosistemiUniversità Ca' Foscari VeneziaVenezia MestreItaly
| | - Jayanth R. Banavar
- Department of Physics and Institute for Fundamental ScienceUniversity of OregonEugeneOregonUSA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Hofmann J, Ginex T, Espargaró A, Scheiner M, Gunesch S, Aragó M, Stigloher C, Sabaté R, Luque FJ, Decker M. Azobioisosteres of Curcumin with Pronounced Activity against Amyloid Aggregation, Intracellular Oxidative Stress, and Neuroinflammation. Chemistry 2021; 27:6015-6027. [PMID: 33666306 PMCID: PMC8048673 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202005263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Many (poly-)phenolic natural products, for example, curcumin and taxifolin, have been studied for their activity against specific hallmarks of neurodegeneration, such as amyloid-β 42 (Aβ42) aggregation and neuroinflammation. Due to their drawbacks, arising from poor pharmacokinetics, rapid metabolism, and even instability in aqueous medium, the biological activity of azobenzene compounds carrying a pharmacophoric catechol group, which have been designed as bioisoteres of curcumin has been examined. Molecular simulations reveal the ability of these compounds to form a hydrophobic cluster with Aβ42, which adopts different folds, affecting the propensity to populate fibril-like conformations. Furthermore, the curcumin bioisosteres exceeded the parent compound in activity against Aβ42 aggregation inhibition, glutamate-induced intracellular oxidative stress in HT22 cells, and neuroinflammation in microglial BV-2 cells. The most active compound prevented apoptosis of HT22 cells at a concentration of 2.5 μm (83 % cell survival), whereas curcumin only showed very low protection at 10 μm (21 % cell survival).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julian Hofmann
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal ChemistryInstitute of, Pharmacy and Food ChemistryUniversity of WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Tiziana Ginex
- Department of Nutrition Food Science and GastronomyFaculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Theoretical and Computational, Chemistry and Institute of Biomedicine, Campus TorriberaUniversity of BarcelonaSanta Coloma de Gramenet08921Spain
| | - Alba Espargaró
- Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical-ChemistrySchool of Pharmacy Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, (IN2UB)University of Barcelona08028BarcelonaSpain
| | - Matthias Scheiner
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal ChemistryInstitute of, Pharmacy and Food ChemistryUniversity of WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Sandra Gunesch
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal ChemistryInstitute of, Pharmacy and Food ChemistryUniversity of WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Marc Aragó
- Department of Nutrition Food Science and GastronomyFaculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Theoretical and Computational, Chemistry and Institute of Biomedicine, Campus TorriberaUniversity of BarcelonaSanta Coloma de Gramenet08921Spain
| | - Christian Stigloher
- Imaging Core FacilityBiocenter/Theodor-Boveri-InstituteUniversity of WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Raimon Sabaté
- Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical-ChemistrySchool of Pharmacy Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, (IN2UB)University of Barcelona08028BarcelonaSpain
| | - F. Javier Luque
- Department of Nutrition Food Science and GastronomyFaculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Theoretical and Computational, Chemistry and Institute of Biomedicine, Campus TorriberaUniversity of BarcelonaSanta Coloma de Gramenet08921Spain
| | - Michael Decker
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal ChemistryInstitute of, Pharmacy and Food ChemistryUniversity of WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Bhattacharya S, Basu U, Haouas M, Su P, Espenship MF, Wang F, Solé‐Daura A, Taffa DH, Wark M, Poblet JM, Laskin J, Cadot E, Kortz U. Discovery and Supramolecular Interactions of Neutral Palladium-Oxo Clusters Pd 16 and Pd 24. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:3632-3639. [PMID: 33104280 PMCID: PMC7898824 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202010690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
We report on the synthesis, structure, and physicochemical characterization of the first three examples of neutral palladium-oxo clusters (POCs). The 16-palladium(II)-oxo cluster [Pd16 O24 (OH)8 ((CH3 )2 As)8 ] (Pd16 ) comprises a cyclic palladium-oxo unit capped by eight dimethylarsinate groups. The chloro-derivative [Pd16 Na2 O26 (OH)3 Cl3 ((CH3 )2 As)8 ] (Pd16 Cl) was also prepared, which forms a highly stable 3D supramolecular lattice via strong intermolecular interactions. The 24-palladium(II)-oxo cluster [Pd24 O44 (OH)8 ((CH3 )2 As)16 ] (Pd24 ) can be considered as a bicapped derivative of Pd16 with a tetra-palladium-oxo unit grafted on either side. The three compounds were fully characterized 1) in the solid state by single-crystal and powder XRD, IR, TGA, and solid-state 1 H and 13 C NMR spectroscopy, 2) in solution by 1 H, 13 C NMR and 1 H DOSY spectroscopic methods, and 3) in the gas phase by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saurav Bhattacharya
- Department of Life Sciences and ChemistryJacobs UniversityCampus Ring 128759BremenGermany
| | - Uttara Basu
- Department of Life Sciences and ChemistryJacobs UniversityCampus Ring 128759BremenGermany
| | - Mohamed Haouas
- Institut Lavoisier de VersaillesCNRS, UVSQUniversité Paris-SaclayVersaillesFrance
| | - Pei Su
- Department of ChemistryPurdue University560 Oval DriveWest LafayetteIN47907USA
| | | | - Fei Wang
- Departament de Química Física i InorgànicaUniversitat Rovira i Virgili, Marcel lí Domingo 143007TarragonaSpain
| | - Albert Solé‐Daura
- Departament de Química Física i InorgànicaUniversitat Rovira i Virgili, Marcel lí Domingo 143007TarragonaSpain
| | - Dereje H. Taffa
- Institute of ChemistryCarl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg26129OldenburgGermany
| | - Michael Wark
- Institute of ChemistryCarl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg26129OldenburgGermany
| | - Josep M. Poblet
- Departament de Química Física i InorgànicaUniversitat Rovira i Virgili, Marcel lí Domingo 143007TarragonaSpain
| | - Julia Laskin
- Department of ChemistryPurdue University560 Oval DriveWest LafayetteIN47907USA
| | - Emmanuel Cadot
- Institut Lavoisier de VersaillesCNRS, UVSQUniversité Paris-SaclayVersaillesFrance
| | - Ulrich Kortz
- Department of Life Sciences and ChemistryJacobs UniversityCampus Ring 128759BremenGermany
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Gama S, Hermenau R, Frontauria M, Milea D, Sammartano S, Hertweck C, Plass W. Iron Coordination Properties of Gramibactin as Model for the New Class of Diazeniumdiolate Based Siderophores. Chemistry 2021; 27:2724-2733. [PMID: 33006390 PMCID: PMC7898861 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202003842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Gramibactin (GBT) is an archetype for the new class of diazeniumdiolate siderophores, produced by Paraburkholderia graminis, a cereal-associated rhizosphere bacterium, for which a detailed solution thermodynamic study exploring the iron coordination properties is reported. The acid-base behavior of gramibactin as well as its complexing ability toward Fe3+ was studied over a wide range of pH values (2≤pH≤11). For the latter the ligand-competition method employing EDTA was used. Only two species are formed: [Fe(GBT)]- (pH 2 to 9) and [Fe(GBT)(OH)2 ]3- (pH≥9). The formation of [Fe(GBT)]- and its occurrence in real systems was confirmed by LC-HRESIMS analysis of the bacteria culture broth extract. The sequestering ability of gramibactin was also evaluated in terms of the parameters pFe and pL0.5 . Gramibactin exhibits a higher sequestering ability toward Fe3+ than EDTA and of the same order of magnitude as hydroxamate-type microbial siderophores, but smaller than most of the catecholate-type siderophores and much higher than the most known phytosiderophores.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Gama
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität JenaHumboldtstr 807743JenaGermany
- New address: Department of Analytical ChemistryFaculty of ChemistryUniversity of BialystokCiolkowskiego 1K, 15–245BialystokPoland
| | - Ron Hermenau
- Department of Biomolecular ChemistryLeibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology (HKI)Beutenbergstr 11a07745JenaGermany
| | - Mariachiara Frontauria
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität JenaHumboldtstr 807743JenaGermany
| | - Demetrio Milea
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed AmbientaliUniversità degli Studi di MessinaV.le F. Stagno d'Alcontres, 3198166MessinaItaly
| | - Silvio Sammartano
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed AmbientaliUniversità degli Studi di MessinaV.le F. Stagno d'Alcontres, 3198166MessinaItaly
| | - Christian Hertweck
- Department of Biomolecular ChemistryLeibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology (HKI)Beutenbergstr 11a07745JenaGermany
- Faculty of Biological SciencesFriedrich Schiller University Jena07743JenaGermany
| | - Winfried Plass
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität JenaHumboldtstr 807743JenaGermany
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Rios Insua D, Couce‐Vieira A, Rubio JA, Pieters W, Labunets K, G. Rasines D. An Adversarial Risk Analysis Framework for Cybersecurity. Risk Anal 2021; 41:16-36. [PMID: 31183890 PMCID: PMC7891439 DOI: 10.1111/risa.13331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Revised: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Risk analysis is an essential methodology for cybersecurity as it allows organizations to deal with cyber threats potentially affecting them, prioritize the defense of their assets, and decide what security controls should be implemented. Many risk analysis methods are present in cybersecurity models, compliance frameworks, and international standards. However, most of them employ risk matrices, which suffer shortcomings that may lead to suboptimal resource allocations. We propose a comprehensive framework for cybersecurity risk analysis, covering the presence of both intentional and nonintentional threats and the use of insurance as part of the security portfolio. A simplified case study illustrates the proposed framework, serving as template for more complex problems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Rios Insua
- Instituto de Ciencias Matematicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones CientficasMadridSpain
| | - Aitor Couce‐Vieira
- Instituto de Ciencias Matematicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones CientficasMadridSpain
| | - Jose A. Rubio
- Analysis, Security and Systems GroupComplutense University of MadridMadridSpain
| | - Wolter Pieters
- Faculty of Technology, Policy and ManagementDelft University of TechnologyDelftThe Netherlands
| | - Katsiaryna Labunets
- Faculty of Technology, Policy and ManagementDelft University of TechnologyDelftThe Netherlands
| | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Penna C, Andreadou I, Aragno M, Beauloye C, Bertrand L, Lazou A, Falcão‐Pires I, Bell R, Zuurbier CJ, Pagliaro P, Hausenloy DJ. Effect of hyperglycaemia and diabetes on acute myocardial ischaemia-reperfusion injury and cardioprotection by ischaemic conditioning protocols. Br J Pharmacol 2020; 177:5312-5335. [PMID: 31985828 PMCID: PMC7680002 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic patients are at increased risk of developing coronary artery disease and experience worse clinical outcomes following acute myocardial infarction. Novel therapeutic strategies are required to protect the myocardium against the effects of acute ischaemia-reperfusion injury (IRI). These include one or more brief cycles of non-lethal ischaemia and reperfusion prior to the ischaemic event (ischaemic preconditioning [IPC]) or at the onset of reperfusion (ischaemic postconditioning [IPost]) either to the heart or to extracardiac organs (remote ischaemic conditioning [RIC]). Studies suggest that the diabetic heart is resistant to cardioprotective strategies, although clinical evidence is lacking. We overview the available animal models of diabetes, investigating acute myocardial IRI and cardioprotection, experiments investigating the effects of hyperglycaemia on susceptibility to acute myocardial IRI, the response of the diabetic heart to cardioprotective strategies e.g. IPC, IPost and RIC. Finally we highlight the effects of anti-hyperglycaemic agents on susceptibility to acute myocardial IRI and cardioprotection. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed issue on Risk factors, comorbidities, and comedications in cardioprotection. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v177.23/issuetoc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Penna
- Department of Clinical and Biological SciencesUniversity of TurinTurinItaly
| | - Ioanna Andreadou
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of PharmacyNational and Kapodistrian University of AthensAthensGreece
| | - Manuela Aragno
- Department of Clinical and Biological SciencesUniversity of TurinTurinItaly
| | | | - Luc Bertrand
- Division of CardiologyCliniques Universitaires Saint‐LucBrusselsBelgium
- Pole of Cardiovascular Research, Institut de Recherche Experimetnale et CliniqueUCLouvainBrusselsBelgium
| | - Antigone Lazou
- School of BiologyAristotle University of ThessalonikiThessalonikiGreece
| | - Ines Falcão‐Pires
- Unidade de Investigação Cardiovascular, Departamento de Cirurgia e Fisiologia, Faculdade de MedicinaUniversidade do PortoPortoPortugal
| | - Robert Bell
- The Hatter Cardiovascular InstituteUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Coert J. Zuurbier
- Laboratory of Experimental Intensive Care and Anesthesiology (L.E.I.C.A.), Department of Anesthesiology, Amsterdam UMCUniversity of Amsterdam, Cardiovascular SciencesAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Pasquale Pagliaro
- Department of Clinical and Biological SciencesUniversity of TurinTurinItaly
| | - Derek J. Hausenloy
- The Hatter Cardiovascular InstituteUniversity College LondonLondonUK
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders ProgramDuke–NUS Medical SchoolSingapore
- National Heart Research Institute SingaporeNational Heart Centre SingaporeSingapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingapore
- Cardiovascular Research Center, College of Medical and Health SciencesAsia UniversityTaiwan
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Hoesl MAU, Schad LR, Rapacchi S. Efficient 23 Na triple-quantum signal imaging on clinical scanners: Cartesian imaging of single and triple-quantum 23 Na (CRISTINA). Magn Reson Med 2020; 84:2412-2428. [PMID: 32463978 PMCID: PMC7402015 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.28284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To capture the multiquantum coherence (MQC) 23 Na signal. Different phase-cycling options and sequences are compared in a unified theoretical layout, and a novel sequence is developed. METHODS An open source simulation overview is provided with graphical explanations to facilitate MQC understanding and access to techniques. Biases such as B0 inhomogeneity and stimulated echo signal were simulated for 4 different phase-cycling options previously described. Considerations for efficiency and accuracy lead to the implementation of a 2D Cartesian single and triple quantum imaging of sodium (CRISTINA) sequence employing two 6-step cycles in combination with a multi-echo readout. CRISTINA was compared to simultaneous single-quantum and triple-quantum-filtered MRI of sodium (SISTINA) under strong static magnetic gradient. CRISTINA capabilities were assessed on 8 × 60 mL, 0% to 5% agarose phantom with 50 to 154 mM 23 Na concentration at 7 T. CRISTINA was demonstrated subsequently in vivo in the brain. RESULTS Simulation of B0 inhomogeneity showed severe signal dropout, which can lead to erroneous MQC measurement. Stimulated echo signal was highest at the time of triple-quantum coherences signal maximum. However, stimulated echo signal is separated by Fourier Transform as an offset and did not interfere with MQC signals. The multi-echo readout enabled capturing both single-quantum coherences and triple-quantum coherences signal evolution at once. Signal combination of 2 phase-cycles with a corresponding B0 map was found to recover the signal optimally. Experimental results confirm and complement the simulations. CONCLUSION Considerations for efficient MQC measurements, most importantly avoiding B0 signal loss, led to the design of CRISTINA. CRISTINA captures triple-quantum coherences and single-quantum coherences signal evolution to provide complete sodium signal characterization including T 2 ∗ fast, T 2 ∗ slow, MQC amplitudes, and sodium concentration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Lothar R. Schad
- Computer Assisted Clinical MedicineHeidelberg UniversityMannheimGermany
| | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Kulczycki E, Guns R, Pölönen J, Engels TCE, Rozkosz EA, Zuccala AA, Bruun K, Eskola O, Starčič AI, Petr M, Sivertsen G. Multilingual publishing in the social sciences and humanities: A seven-country European study. J Assoc Inf Sci Technol 2020; 71:1371-1385. [PMID: 33288998 PMCID: PMC7687152 DOI: 10.1002/asi.24336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
We investigate the state of multilingualism across the social sciences and humanities (SSH) using a comprehensive data set of research outputs from seven European countries (Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, Flanders [Belgium], Norway, Poland, and Slovenia). Although English tends to be the dominant language of science, SSH researchers often produce culturally and societally relevant work in their local languages. We collected and analyzed a set of 164,218 peer-reviewed journal articles (produced by 51,063 researchers from 2013 to 2015) and found that multilingualism is prevalent despite geographical location and field. Among the researchers who published at least three journal articles during this time period, over one-third from the various countries had written their work in at least two languages. The highest share of researchers who published in only one language were from Flanders (80.9%), whereas the lowest shares were from Slovenia (57.2%) and Poland (59.3%). Our findings show that multilingual publishing is an ongoing practice in many SSH research fields regardless of geographical location, political situation, and/or historical heritage. Here we argue that research is international, but multilingual publishing keeps locally relevant research alive with the added potential for creating impact.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emanuel Kulczycki
- Scholarly Communication Research GroupAdam Mickiewicz University in PoznańPoznańPoland
| | - Raf Guns
- Centre for R&D Monitoring, Faculty of Social SciencesUniversity of AntwerpAntwerpBelgium
| | - Janne Pölönen
- Federation of Finnish Learned SocietiesHelsinkiFinland
| | - Tim C. E. Engels
- Centre for R&D Monitoring, Faculty of Social SciencesUniversity of AntwerpAntwerpBelgium
| | - Ewa A. Rozkosz
- Scholarly Communication Research GroupAdam Mickiewicz University in PoznańPoznańPoland
| | - Alesia A. Zuccala
- Department of CommunicationUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Kasper Bruun
- Ministry of Higher Education and Science, Agency for Science and Higher EducationCopenhagenDenmark
| | | | - Andreja Istenič Starčič
- Faculty of Civil and Geodetic EngineeringUniversity of LjubljanaLjubljanaSlovenia
- Faculty of EducationUniversity of PrimorskaKoperSlovenia
- Institute of Psychology and EducationKazan Federal UniversityKazanRussia
| | - Michal Petr
- Research Office, Masaryk UniversityBrnoCzech Republic
| | - Gunnar Sivertsen
- Nordic Institute for Studies in Innovation, Research and EducationOsloNorway
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Budnyak TM, Slabon A, Sipponen MH. Lignin-Inorganic Interfaces: Chemistry and Applications from Adsorbents to Catalysts and Energy Storage Materials. ChemSusChem 2020; 13:4344-4355. [PMID: 32096608 PMCID: PMC7540583 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202000216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Lignin is one the most fascinating natural polymers due to its complex aromatic-aliphatic structure. Phenolic hydroxyl and carboxyl groups along with other functional groups provide technical lignins with reactivity and amphiphilic character. Many different lignins have been used as functional agents to facilitate the synthesis and stabilization of inorganic materials. Herein, the use of lignin in the synthesis and chemistry of inorganic materials in selected applications with relevance to sustainable energy and environmental fields is reviewed. In essence, the combination of lignin and inorganic materials creates an interface between soft and hard materials. In many cases it is either this interface or the external lignin surface that provides functionality to the hybrid and composite materials. This Minireview closes with an overview on future directions for this research field that bridges inorganic and lignin materials for a more sustainable future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tetyana M. Budnyak
- Department of Materials and Environmental ChemistryStockholm UniversitySvante Arrhenius väg 16CSE-106 91StockholmSweden
| | - Adam Slabon
- Department of Materials and Environmental ChemistryStockholm UniversitySvante Arrhenius väg 16CSE-106 91StockholmSweden
| | - Mika H. Sipponen
- Department of Materials and Environmental ChemistryStockholm UniversitySvante Arrhenius väg 16CSE-106 91StockholmSweden
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Lin X, Armstrong M, Baker K, Wouters D, Visser RGF, Wolters PJ, Hein I, Vleeshouwers VGAA. RLP/K enrichment sequencing; a novel method to identify receptor-like protein (RLP) and receptor-like kinase (RLK) genes. New Phytol 2020; 227:1264-1276. [PMID: 32285454 PMCID: PMC7383770 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The identification of immune receptors in crop plants is time-consuming but important for disease control. Previously, resistance gene enrichment sequencing (RenSeq) was developed to accelerate mapping of nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeat containing (NLR) genes. However, resistances mediated by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) remain less utilized. Here, our pipeline shows accelerated mapping of PRRs. Effectoromics leads to precise identification of plants with target PRRs, and subsequent RLP/K enrichment sequencing (RLP/KSeq) leads to detection of informative single nucleotide polymorphisms that are linked to the trait. Using Phytophthora infestans as a model, we identified Solanum microdontum plants that recognize the apoplastic effectors INF1 or SCR74. RLP/KSeq in a segregating Solanum population confirmed the localization of the INF1 receptor on chromosome 12, and led to the rapid mapping of the response to SCR74 to chromosome 9. By using markers obtained from RLP/KSeq in conjunction with additional markers, we fine-mapped the SCR74 receptor to a 43-kbp G-LecRK locus. Our findings show that RLP/KSeq enables rapid mapping of PRRs and is especially beneficial for crop plants with large and complex genomes. This work will enable the elucidation and characterization of the nonNLR plant immune receptors and ultimately facilitate informed resistance breeding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Lin
- Plant BreedingWageningen University and ResearchDroevendaalsesteeg 16708PBWageningenthe Netherlands
| | - Miles Armstrong
- Cell and Molecular SciencesThe James Hutton InstituteDundeeDD2 5DAUK
| | - Katie Baker
- Cell and Molecular SciencesThe James Hutton InstituteDundeeDD2 5DAUK
| | - Doret Wouters
- Plant BreedingWageningen University and ResearchDroevendaalsesteeg 16708PBWageningenthe Netherlands
| | - Richard G. F. Visser
- Plant BreedingWageningen University and ResearchDroevendaalsesteeg 16708PBWageningenthe Netherlands
| | - Pieter J. Wolters
- Plant BreedingWageningen University and ResearchDroevendaalsesteeg 16708PBWageningenthe Netherlands
| | - Ingo Hein
- Cell and Molecular SciencesThe James Hutton InstituteDundeeDD2 5DAUK
- Division of Plant SciencesSchool of Life SciencesUniversity of Dundee at the James Hutton InstituteDundeeDD2 5DAUK
| | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Scheuren AC, D'Hulst G, Kuhn GA, Masschelein E, Wehrle E, De Bock K, Müller R. Hallmarks of frailty and osteosarcopenia in prematurely aged PolgA (D257A/D257A) mice. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2020; 11:1121-1140. [PMID: 32596975 PMCID: PMC7432580 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Frailty is a geriatric syndrome characterized by increased susceptibility to adverse health outcomes. One major determinant thereof is the gradual weakening of the musculoskeletal system and the associated osteosarcopenia. To improve our understanding of the underlying pathophysiology and, more importantly, to test potential interventions aimed at counteracting frailty, suitable animal models are needed. METHODS To evaluate the relevance of prematurely aged PolgA(D257A/D257A) mice as a model for frailty and osteosarcopenia, we quantified the clinical mouse frailty index in PolgA(D257A/D257A) and wild-type littermates (PolgA(+/+) , WT) with age and concertedly assessed the quantity and quality of bone and muscle tissue. Lastly, the anabolic responsiveness of skeletal muscle, muscle progenitors, and bone was assessed. RESULTS PolgA(D257A/D257A) accumulated health deficits at a higher rate compared with WT, resulting in a higher frailty index at 40 and 46 weeks of age (+166%, +278%, P < 0.0001), respectively, with no differences between genotypes at 34 weeks. Concomitantly, PolgA(D257A/D257A) displayed progressive musculoskeletal deterioration such as reduced bone and muscle mass as well as impaired functionality thereof. In addition to lower muscle weights (-14%, P < 0.05, -23%, P < 0.0001) and fibre area (-20%, P < 0.05, -22%, P < 0.0001) at 40 and 46 weeks, respectively, PolgA(D257A/D257A) showed impairments in grip strength and concentric muscle forces (P < 0.05). PolgA(D257A/D257A) mutation altered the acute response to various anabolic stimuli in skeletal muscle and muscle progenitors. While PolgA(D257A/D257A) muscles were hypersensitive to eccentric contractions as well as leucine administration, shown by larger downstream signalling response of the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1, myogenic progenitors cultured in vitro showed severe anabolic resistance to leucine and robust impairments in cell proliferation. Longitudinal micro-computed tomography analysis of the sixth caudal vertebrae showed that PolgA(D257A/D257A) had lower bone morphometric parameters (e.g. bone volume fraction, trabecular, and cortical thickness, P < 0.05) as well as reduced remodelling activities (e.g. bone formation and resorption rate, P < 0.05) compared with WT. When subjected to 4 weeks of cyclic loading, young but not aged PolgA(D257A/D257A) caudal vertebrae showed load-induced bone adaptation, suggesting reduced mechanosensitivity with age. CONCLUSIONS PolgA(D257A/D257A) mutation leads to hallmarks of age-related frailty and osteosarcopenia and provides a powerful model to better understand the relationship between frailty and the aging musculoskeletal system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Gommaar D'Hulst
- Laboratory of Exercise and HealthETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | | | - Evi Masschelein
- Laboratory of Exercise and HealthETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Esther Wehrle
- Institute for BiomechanicsETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Katrien De Bock
- Laboratory of Exercise and HealthETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Ralph Müller
- Institute for BiomechanicsETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Hausenloy DJ, Schulz R, Girao H, Kwak BR, De Stefani D, Rizzuto R, Bernardi P, Di Lisa F. Mitochondrial ion channels as targets for cardioprotection. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:7102-7114. [PMID: 32490600 PMCID: PMC7339171 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and the heart failure (HF) that often result remain the leading causes of death and disability worldwide. As such, new therapeutic targets need to be discovered to protect the myocardium against acute ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in order to reduce myocardial infarct (MI) size, preserve left ventricular function and prevent the onset of HF. Mitochondrial dysfunction during acute I/R injury is a critical determinant of cell death following AMI, and therefore, ion channels in the inner mitochondrial membrane, which are known to influence cell death and survival, provide potential therapeutic targets for cardioprotection. In this article, we review the role of mitochondrial ion channels, which are known to modulate susceptibility to acute myocardial I/R injury, and we explore their potential roles as therapeutic targets for reducing MI size and preventing HF following AMI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Derek J. Hausenloy
- Cardiovascular & Metabolic Disorders ProgramDuke‐National University of Singapore Medical SchoolSingaporeSingapore
- National Heart Research Institute SingaporeNational Heart CentreSingaporeSingapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
- The Hatter Cardiovascular InstituteUniversity College LondonLondonUK
- Cardiovascular Research CenterCollege of Medical and Health SciencesAsia UniversityTaichung CityTaiwan
| | - Rainer Schulz
- Institute of PhysiologyJustus‐Liebig University GiessenGiessenGermany
| | - Henrique Girao
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of MedicineUniversity of CoimbraCoimbraPortugal
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB)University of CoimbraCoimbraPortugal
- Clinical Academic Centre of CoimbraCACCCoimbraPortugal
| | - Brenda R. Kwak
- Department of Pathology and ImmunologyUniversity of GenevaGenevaSwitzerland
| | - Diego De Stefani
- Department of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of PadovaPadovaItaly
| | - Rosario Rizzuto
- Department of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of PadovaPadovaItaly
| | - Paolo Bernardi
- Department of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of PadovaPadovaItaly
- CNR Neuroscience InstitutePadovaItaly
| | - Fabio Di Lisa
- Department of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of PadovaPadovaItaly
- CNR Neuroscience InstitutePadovaItaly
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Hernandez‐Resendiz S, Prunier F, Girao H, Dorn G, Hausenloy DJ. Targeting mitochondrial fusion and fission proteins for cardioprotection. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:6571-6585. [PMID: 32406208 PMCID: PMC7299693 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
New treatments are needed to protect the myocardium against the detrimental effects of acute ischaemia/reperfusion (IR) injury following an acute myocardial infarction (AMI), in order to limit myocardial infarct (MI) size, preserve cardiac function and prevent the onset of heart failure (HF). Given the critical role of mitochondria in energy production for cardiac contractile function, prevention of mitochondrial dysfunction during acute myocardial IRI may provide novel cardioprotective strategies. In this regard, the mitochondrial fusion and fissions proteins, which regulate changes in mitochondrial morphology, are known to impact on mitochondrial quality control by modulating mitochondrial biogenesis, mitophagy and the mitochondrial unfolded protein response. In this article, we review how targeting these inter-related processes may provide novel treatment targets and new therapeutic strategies for reducing MI size, preventing the onset of HF following AMI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sauri Hernandez‐Resendiz
- National Heart Research Institute SingaporeNational Heart Centre SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
- Cardiovascular & Metabolic Disorders ProgramDuke‐National University of Singapore Medical SchoolSingaporeSingapore
- Centro de Biotecnologia‐FEMSATecnologico de MonterreyNuevo LeonMexico
| | - Fabrice Prunier
- Institut MITOVASCCNRS UMR 6015 INSERM U1083University Hospital Center of AngersUniversity of AngersAngersFrance
| | - Henrique Girao
- Faculty of MedicineCoimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR)University of CoimbraPortugal
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and BiotechnologyUniversity of CoimbraCoimbraPortugal
- Clinical Academic Centre of Coimbra (CACC)CoimbraPortugal
| | - Gerald Dorn
- Department of Internal MedicineCenter for PharmacogenomicsWashington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMOUSA
| | - Derek J. Hausenloy
- National Heart Research Institute SingaporeNational Heart Centre SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
- Cardiovascular & Metabolic Disorders ProgramDuke‐National University of Singapore Medical SchoolSingaporeSingapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
- The Hatter Cardiovascular InstituteUniversity College LondonLondonUK
- Cardiovascular Research CenterCollege of Medical and Health SciencesAsia UniversityTaichungTaiwan
| | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Honarmand Ebrahimi K. SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein-binding proteins expressed by upper respiratory tract bacteria may prevent severe viral infection. FEBS Lett 2020; 594:1651-1660. [PMID: 32449939 PMCID: PMC7280584 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has become a major global challenge. The virus infects host cells using its spike glycoprotein (S-protein) and has significantly higher infectivity and mortality rates among the aged population. Here, based on bioinformatic analysis, I provide evidence that some members of the upper respiratory tract (URT) commensal bacteria express viral S-protein -binding proteins. Based on this analysis and available data showing a decline in the population of these bacteria in the elderly, I propose that some URT commensal bacteria hamper SARS-CoV-2 infectivity and that a decline in the population of these bacteria contributes to the severity of infection. Further studies should provide a better understanding of the interaction of URT bacteria and SARS-CoV-2, which may lead to new therapeutic approaches.
Collapse
|
18
|
Lood C, Danis‐Wlodarczyk K, Blasdel BG, Jang HB, Vandenheuvel D, Briers Y, Noben J, van Noort V, Drulis‐Kawa Z, Lavigne R. Integrative omics analysis of Pseudomonas aeruginosa virus PA5oct highlights the molecular complexity of jumbo phages. Environ Microbiol 2020; 22:2165-2181. [PMID: 32154616 PMCID: PMC7318152 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.14979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Pseudomonas virus vB_PaeM_PA5oct is proposed as a model jumbo bacteriophage to investigate phage-bacteria interactions and is a candidate for phage therapy applications. Combining hybrid sequencing, RNA-Seq and mass spectrometry allowed us to accurately annotate its 286,783 bp genome with 461 coding regions including four non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) and 93 virion-associated proteins. PA5oct relies on the host RNA polymerase for the infection cycle and RNA-Seq revealed a gradual take-over of the total cell transcriptome from 21% in early infection to 93% in late infection. PA5oct is not organized into strictly contiguous regions of temporal transcription, but some genomic regions transcribed in early, middle and late phases of infection can be discriminated. Interestingly, we observe regions showing limited transcription activity throughout the infection cycle. We show that PA5oct upregulates specific bacterial operons during infection including operons pncA-pncB1-nadE involved in NAD biosynthesis, psl for exopolysaccharide biosynthesis and nap for periplasmic nitrate reductase production. We also observe a downregulation of T4P gene products suggesting mechanisms of superinfection exclusion. We used the proteome of PA5oct to position our isolate amongst other phages using a gene-sharing network. This integrative omics study illustrates the molecular diversity of jumbo viruses and raises new questions towards cellular regulation and phage-encoded hijacking mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cédric Lood
- Department of Biosystems, Laboratory of Gene Technology, KU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
- Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, Laboratory of Computational Systems Biology, KU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Katarzyna Danis‐Wlodarczyk
- Department of Biosystems, Laboratory of Gene Technology, KU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
- Department of Pathogen Biology and ImmunologyInstitute of Genetics and Microbiology, University of WroclawWroclawPoland
| | - Bob G. Blasdel
- Department of Biosystems, Laboratory of Gene Technology, KU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Ho Bin Jang
- Department of Biosystems, Laboratory of Gene Technology, KU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Dieter Vandenheuvel
- Department of Biosystems, Laboratory of Gene Technology, KU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Yves Briers
- Department of Biosystems, Laboratory of Gene Technology, KU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Jean‐Paul Noben
- Biomedical Research Institute and Transnational University LimburgHasselt UniversityDiepenbeekBelgium
| | - Vera van Noort
- Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, Laboratory of Computational Systems Biology, KU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
- Institute of Biology, Leiden UniversityLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Zuzanna Drulis‐Kawa
- Department of Pathogen Biology and ImmunologyInstitute of Genetics and Microbiology, University of WroclawWroclawPoland
| | - Rob Lavigne
- Department of Biosystems, Laboratory of Gene Technology, KU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Denis M, Softley C, Giuntini S, Gentili M, Ravera E, Parigi G, Fragai M, Popowicz G, Sattler M, Luchinat C, Cerofolini L, Nativi C. The Photocatalyzed Thiol-ene reaction: A New Tag to Yield Fast, Selective and reversible Paramagnetic Tagging of Proteins. Chemphyschem 2020; 21:863-869. [PMID: 32092218 PMCID: PMC7384118 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202000071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Paramagnetic restraints have been used in biomolecular NMR for the last three decades to elucidate and refine biomolecular structures, but also to characterize protein-ligand interactions. A common technique to generate such restraints in proteins, which do not naturally contain a (paramagnetic) metal, consists in the attachment to the protein of a lanthanide-binding-tag (LBT). In order to design such LBTs, it is important to consider the efficiency and stability of the conjugation, the geometry of the complex (conformational exchanges and coordination) and the chemical inertness of the ligand. Here we describe a photo-catalyzed thiol-ene reaction for the cysteine-selective paramagnetic tagging of proteins. As a model, we designed an LBT with a vinyl-pyridine moiety which was used to attach our tag to the protein GB1 in fast and irreversible fashion. Our tag T1 yields magnetic susceptibility tensors of significant size with different lanthanides and has been characterized using NMR and relaxometry measurements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Denis
- Giotto Biotech, S.R.LVia Madonna del piano 650019Sesto Fiorentino (FI)Italy
- Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”University of FlorenceVia della Lastruccia 350019Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
| | - Charlotte Softley
- Biomolecular NMR, Department ChemieTechnical University of MunichLichtenbergstrasse 485747GarchingGermany
- Institute of Structural BiologyHelmholtz Center MunichNeuherbergGermany
| | - Stefano Giuntini
- Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”University of FlorenceVia della Lastruccia 350019Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
- Magnetic Resonance Center (CERM)University of Florence, and Consorzio Interuniversitario Risonanze Magnetiche di Metalloproteine (C.I.R.M.M.P)Via L. Sacconi 650019Sesto FIorentino (FI)Italy
| | - Matteo Gentili
- Giotto Biotech, S.R.LVia Madonna del piano 650019Sesto Fiorentino (FI)Italy
| | - Enrico Ravera
- Magnetic Resonance Center (CERM)University of Florence, and Consorzio Interuniversitario Risonanze Magnetiche di Metalloproteine (C.I.R.M.M.P)Via L. Sacconi 650019Sesto FIorentino (FI)Italy
| | - Giacomo Parigi
- Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”University of FlorenceVia della Lastruccia 350019Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
- Magnetic Resonance Center (CERM)University of Florence, and Consorzio Interuniversitario Risonanze Magnetiche di Metalloproteine (C.I.R.M.M.P)Via L. Sacconi 650019Sesto FIorentino (FI)Italy
| | - Marco Fragai
- Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”University of FlorenceVia della Lastruccia 350019Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
- Magnetic Resonance Center (CERM)University of Florence, and Consorzio Interuniversitario Risonanze Magnetiche di Metalloproteine (C.I.R.M.M.P)Via L. Sacconi 650019Sesto FIorentino (FI)Italy
| | - Grzegorz Popowicz
- Institute of Structural BiologyHelmholtz Center MunichNeuherbergGermany
| | - Michael Sattler
- Biomolecular NMR, Department ChemieTechnical University of MunichLichtenbergstrasse 485747GarchingGermany
- Institute of Structural BiologyHelmholtz Center MunichNeuherbergGermany
| | - Claudio Luchinat
- Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”University of FlorenceVia della Lastruccia 350019Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
- Magnetic Resonance Center (CERM)University of Florence, and Consorzio Interuniversitario Risonanze Magnetiche di Metalloproteine (C.I.R.M.M.P)Via L. Sacconi 650019Sesto FIorentino (FI)Italy
| | - Linda Cerofolini
- Magnetic Resonance Center (CERM)University of Florence, and Consorzio Interuniversitario Risonanze Magnetiche di Metalloproteine (C.I.R.M.M.P)Via L. Sacconi 650019Sesto FIorentino (FI)Italy
| | - Cristina Nativi
- Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”University of FlorenceVia della Lastruccia 350019Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Cole LJ, Kleijn D, Dicks LV, Stout JC, Potts SG, Albrecht M, Balzan MV, Bartomeus I, Bebeli PJ, Bevk D, Biesmeijer JC, Chlebo R, Dautartė A, Emmanouil N, Hartfield C, Holland JM, Holzschuh A, Knoben NTJ, Kovács‐Hostyánszki A, Mandelik Y, Panou H, Paxton RJ, Petanidou T, Pinheiro de Carvalho MAA, Rundlöf M, Sarthou J, Stavrinides MC, Suso MJ, Szentgyörgyi H, Vaissière BE, Varnava A, Vilà M, Zemeckis R, Scheper J. A critical analysis of the potential for EU Common Agricultural Policy measures to support wild pollinators on farmland. J Appl Ecol 2020; 57:681-694. [PMID: 32362684 PMCID: PMC7188321 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.13572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Agricultural intensification and associated loss of high-quality habitats are key drivers of insect pollinator declines. With the aim of decreasing the environmental impact of agriculture, the 2014 EU Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) defined a set of habitat and landscape features (Ecological Focus Areas: EFAs) farmers could select from as a requirement to receive basic farm payments. To inform the post-2020 CAP, we performed a European-scale evaluation to determine how different EFA options vary in their potential to support insect pollinators under standard and pollinator-friendly management, as well as the extent of farmer uptake.A structured Delphi elicitation process engaged 22 experts from 18 European countries to evaluate EFAs options. By considering life cycle requirements of key pollinating taxa (i.e. bumble bees, solitary bees and hoverflies), each option was evaluated for its potential to provide forage, bee nesting sites and hoverfly larval resources.EFA options varied substantially in the resources they were perceived to provide and their effectiveness varied geographically and temporally. For example, field margins provide relatively good forage throughout the season in Southern and Eastern Europe but lacked early-season forage in Northern and Western Europe. Under standard management, no single EFA option achieved high scores across resource categories and a scarcity of late season forage was perceived.Experts identified substantial opportunities to improve habitat quality by adopting pollinator-friendly management. Improving management alone was, however, unlikely to ensure that all pollinator resource requirements were met. Our analyses suggest that a combination of poor management, differences in the inherent pollinator habitat quality and uptake bias towards catch crops and nitrogen-fixing crops severely limit the potential of EFAs to support pollinators in European agricultural landscapes. Policy Implications. To conserve pollinators and help protect pollination services, our expert elicitation highlights the need to create a variety of interconnected, well-managed habitats that complement each other in the resources they offer. To achieve this the Common Agricultural Policy post-2020 should take a holistic view to implementation that integrates the different delivery vehicles aimed at protecting biodiversity (e.g. enhanced conditionality, eco-schemes and agri-environment and climate measures). To improve habitat quality we recommend an effective monitoring framework with target-orientated indicators and to facilitate the spatial targeting of options collaboration between land managers should be incentivised.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lorna J. Cole
- Integrated Land ManagementScotland’s Rural CollegeAyrUK
| | - David Kleijn
- Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation GroupWageningen UniversityWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Lynn V. Dicks
- University of East AngliaNorwichUK
- Department of ZoologyUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | | | - Simon G. Potts
- Centre for Agri‐Environmental ResearchSchool of Agriculture, Policy and DevelopmentReading UniversityReadingUK
| | | | - Mario V. Balzan
- Institute of Applied SciencesMalta College of Arts, Science and Technology (MCAST)PaolaMalta
| | | | | | - Danilo Bevk
- National Institute of BiologyLjubljanaSlovenia
| | - Jacobus C. Biesmeijer
- Naturalis Biodiversity CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
- Institute for Environmental Sciences (CML)Universiteit LeidenLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Róbert Chlebo
- Department of Poultry Science and Small Farm AnimalsSlovak University of AgricultureNitraSlovakia
| | | | - Nikolaos Emmanouil
- Department of Crop ScienceLaboratory of Agricultural Zoology & EntomologyAgricultural University of AthensAthensGreece
| | | | | | - Andrea Holzschuh
- Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, BiocenterUniversity of WürzburgWürzburgGermany
| | | | - Anikó Kovács‐Hostyánszki
- Lendület Ecosystem Services Research GroupInstitute of Ecology and BotanyMTA Centre for Ecological ResearchVácrátótHungary
| | - Yael Mandelik
- Department of EntomologyThe Hebrew University of JerusalemRehovotIsrael
| | - Heleni Panou
- Department of Crop ScienceLaboratory of Agricultural Zoology & EntomologyAgricultural University of AthensAthensGreece
| | - Robert J. Paxton
- General ZoologyInstitute for BiologyMartin Luther University Halle‐WittenbergHalle (SaaleGermany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐LeipzigLeipzigGermany
| | - Theodora Petanidou
- Laboratory of Biogeography & EcologyDepartment of GeographyUniversity of the AegeanMytileneGreece
| | | | - Maj Rundlöf
- Department of BiologyLund UniversityLundSweden
| | | | - Menelaos C. Stavrinides
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology and Food ScienceCyprus University of TechnologyLimassolCyprus
| | - Maria Jose Suso
- Institute for Sustainable Agriculture (IAS‐CSIC)CórdobaSpain
| | | | | | - Androulla Varnava
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology and Food ScienceCyprus University of TechnologyLimassolCyprus
| | | | | | - Jeroen Scheper
- Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation GroupWageningen UniversityWageningenThe Netherlands
- Animal Ecology TeamWageningen Environmental ResearchWageningen UniversityWageningenThe Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Abstract
Gene therapy is currently considered as the optimal treatment for inborn errors of metabolism (IEMs), as it aims to permanently compensate for the primary genetic defect. However, emerging gene editing approaches such as CRISPR-Cas9, in which the DNA of the host organism is edited at a precise location, may have outperforming therapeutic potential. Gene editing strategies aim to correct the actual genetic mutation, while circumventing issues associated with conventional compensation gene therapy. Such strategies can also be repurposed to normalize gene expression changes that occur secondary to the genetic defect. Moreover, besides the genetic causes of IEMs, it is increasingly recognized that their clinical phenotypes are associated with epigenetic changes. Because epigenetic alterations are principally reversible, this may offer new opportunities for treatment of IEM patients. Here, we present an overview of the promises of epigenetics in eventually treating IEMs. We discuss the concepts of gene and epigenetic editing, and the advantages and disadvantages of current and upcoming gene-based therapies for treatment of IEMs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martijn G. S. Rutten
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of Groningen, University Medical Center GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Marianne G. Rots
- Department of Pathology and Medical BiologyUniversity of Groningen, University Medical Center GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Maaike H. Oosterveer
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of Groningen, University Medical Center GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Maček I, Clark DR, Šibanc N, Moser G, Vodnik D, Müller C, Dumbrell AJ. Impacts of long-term elevated atmospheric CO 2 concentrations on communities of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Mol Ecol 2019; 28:3445-3458. [PMID: 31233651 PMCID: PMC6851679 DOI: 10.1111/mec.15160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The ecological impacts of long-term elevated atmospheric CO2 (eCO2 ) levels on soil microbiota remain largely unknown. This is particularly true for the arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, which form mutualistic associations with over two-thirds of terrestrial plant species and are entirely dependent on their plant hosts for carbon. Here, we use high-resolution amplicon sequencing (Illumina, HiSeq) to quantify the response of AM fungal communities to the longest running (>15 years) free-air carbon dioxide enrichment (FACE) experiment in the Northern Hemisphere (GiFACE); providing the first evaluation of these responses from old-growth (>100 years) semi-natural grasslands subjected to a 20% increase in atmospheric CO2 . eCO2 significantly increased AM fungal richness but had a less-pronounced impact on the composition of their communities. However, while broader changes in community composition were not observed, more subtle responses of specific AM fungal taxa were with populations both increasing and decreasing in abundance in response to eCO2 . Most population-level responses to eCO2 were not consistent through time, with a significant interaction between sampling time and eCO2 treatment being observed. This suggests that the temporal dynamics of AM fungal populations may be disturbed by anthropogenic stressors. As AM fungi are functionally differentiated, with different taxa providing different benefits to host plants, changes in population densities in response to eCO2 may significantly impact terrestrial plant communities and their productivity. Thus, predictions regarding future terrestrial ecosystems must consider changes both aboveground and belowground, but avoid relying on broad-scale community-level responses of soil microbes observed on single occasions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irena Maček
- Biotechnical FacultyUniversity of LjubljanaLjubljanaSlovenia
- Faculty of Mathematics, Natural Sciences and Information Technologies (FAMNIT)University of PrimorskaKoperSlovenia
| | - Dave R. Clark
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of EssexColchesterUK
| | - Nataša Šibanc
- Biotechnical FacultyUniversity of LjubljanaLjubljanaSlovenia
- Faculty of Mathematics, Natural Sciences and Information Technologies (FAMNIT)University of PrimorskaKoperSlovenia
- Slovenian Forestry InstituteLjubljanaSlovenia
| | - Gerald Moser
- Department of Plant EcologyJustus‐Liebig University GiessenGiessenGermany
| | - Dominik Vodnik
- Biotechnical FacultyUniversity of LjubljanaLjubljanaSlovenia
| | - Christoph Müller
- Department of Plant EcologyJustus‐Liebig University GiessenGiessenGermany
- School of Biology and Environmental Science and Earth InstituteUniversity College DublinDublinIreland
| | | |
Collapse
|