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Wang W, Wu H, Wu T, Luo Z, Lin W, Liu H, Xiao J, Luo W, Li Y, Wang Y, Song C, Kandlikar G, Chu C. Soil microbial influences over coexistence potential in multispecies plant communities in a subtropical forest. Ecology 2024:e4415. [PMID: 39267580 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.4415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/17/2024]
Abstract
Soil microbes have long been recognized to substantially affect the coexistence of pairwise plant species across terrestrial ecosystems. However, projecting their impacts on the coexistence of multispecies plant systems remains a pressing challenge. To address this challenge, we conducted a greenhouse experiment with 540 seedlings of five tree species in a subtropical forest in China and evaluated microbial effects on multispecies coexistence using the structural method, which quantifies how the structure of species interactions influences the likelihood for multiple species to persist. Specifically, we grew seedlings alone or with competitors in different microbial contexts and fitted individual biomass to a population dynamic model to calculate intra- and interspecific interaction strength with and without soil microbes. We then used these interaction structures to calculate two metrics of multispecies coexistence, structural niche differences (which promote coexistence) and structural fitness differences (which drive exclusion), for all possible communities comprising two to five plant species. We found that soil microbes generally increased both the structural niche and fitness differences across all communities, with a much stronger effect on structural fitness differences. A further examination of functional traits between plant species pairs found that trait differences are stronger predictors of structural niche differences than of structural fitness differences, and that soil microbes have the potential to change trait-mediated plant interactions. Our findings underscore that soil microbes strongly influence the coexistence of multispecies plant systems, and also add to the experimental evidence that the influence is more on fitness differences rather than on niche differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weitao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Ecology and School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hangyu Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Ecology and School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tingting Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Ecology and School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zijing Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Ecology and School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Ecology and School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hanlun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Ecology and School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junli Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Ecology and School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenqi Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Ecology and School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuanzhi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Ecology and School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Youshi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Ecology and School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chuliang Song
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
| | - Gaurav Kandlikar
- Divisions of Biological Sciences and Plant Sciences & Technology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
- Division of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Chengjin Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Ecology and School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Song X, Katabuchi M, Chase JM, Johnson DJ, Zhang W, Deng X, Cao M, Yang J. Drought tolerance and species abundance mediate dry season negative density dependence in a tropical forest. Ecology 2024; 105:e4382. [PMID: 39056489 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.4382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Conspecific negative density dependence (CNDD) is thought to be a key process in maintaining plant diversity. However, the strength of CNDD is highly variable in space and time as well as among species, and correlates of this variation that might help to understand and explain it remain largely unquantified. Using Bayesian hierarchical models, we took advantage of 10-year seedling monitoring data that were collected annually in every dry and rainy season in a seasonal tropical forest. We quantified the interspecific variation in the strength of CNDD and its temporal variation. We also examined potential correlates of this interspecific and temporal variation, including species functional traits (such as drought-tolerant traits, defense-related traits, and recourse acquisition traits) and species abundances. In the dry season, we found a negative relationship between the density of neighboring conspecific seedlings on seedling survival, while in the rainy season, there was a negative relationship between the density of neighboring conspecific adults on seedling survival. In addition, we found that interspecific variation in CNDD was related to drought-tolerant traits in the dry season but not in the rainy season. Across years, we found that drought-intolerant species suffer less CNDD during the dry seasons that have higher rainfall, whereas drought-tolerant species suffer less CNDD when the dry season has lower rainfall. We also found that rare species suffered stronger CNDD in the dry season. Overall, our study highlights that CNDD is highly variable among species and through time, necessitating a deeper appreciation of the environmental and functional contexts of CNDD and their interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyang Song
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan, China
| | - Masatoshi Katabuchi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan, China
| | - Jonathan M Chase
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Computer Science, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Daniel J Johnson
- School of Forest, Fisheries, and Geomatics Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Wenfu Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan, China
| | - Xiaobao Deng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan, China
| | - Min Cao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan, China
| | - Jie Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan, China
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3
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Zhu P, Hu X, Zou Q, Yang X, Jiang B, Zuo J, Bai X, Song J, Wu N, Hou Y. Shifts in fungal community diversity and potential function under natural forest succession and planted forest restoration in the Kunyu Mountains, East China. Ecol Evol 2024; 14:e70055. [PMID: 39157670 PMCID: PMC11327613 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.70055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Soil fungi participate in various ecosystem processes and are important factors driving the restoration of degraded forests. However, little is known about the changes in fungal diversity and potential functions under the development of different vegetation types during natural (secondary forest succession) and anthropogenic (reforestation) forest restoration. In this study, we selected typical forest succession sequences (including Pinus densiflora Siebold & Zucc., pine-broadleaf mixed forest of P. densiflora and Quercus acutissima Carruth., and Q. acutissima), as well as natural secondary deciduous broadleaved mixed forests and planted forests of Robinia pseudoacacia on Kunyu Mountain for analysis. We used ITS rRNA gene sequencing to characterize fungal communities and used the FUNGuild database to predict fungal functional groups. The results showed that forest succession affected fungal β-diversity, but not the α-diversity. There was a significant increase in Basidiomycota and a decrease in Ascomycota in the later successional stage, accompanied by an increase in the functional groups of ectomycorrhizal fungi (ECM). Conversely, planted forests exhibited decreased fungal α-diversity and altered community compositions, characterized by fewer Basidiomycota and more Ascomycota and Mucoromycota. Planted forests led to a decrease in the relative abundances of ECM and an increase in animal pathogens. The TK content was the major factor explaining the distinction in fungal communities among the three successional stages, whereas pH, AP, and NH4 + were the major factors explaining community variations between natural and planted forests. Changes in vegetation types significantly affected the diversity and functional groups of soil fungal communities during forest succession and reforestation, providing key insights for forest ecosystem management in temperate forests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Zhu
- School of Life SciencesLudong UniversityYantaiP.R. China
| | - Xinyu Hu
- School of Life SciencesLudong UniversityYantaiP.R. China
| | - Qiang Zou
- Yantai Science and Technology BureauYantai Science and Technology Innovation Promotion CenterYantaiP.R. China
| | - Xiaoyan Yang
- Department of ParkYantai Kunyu Mountain Forest StationYantaiP.R. China
| | - Bohan Jiang
- School of Life SciencesLudong UniversityYantaiP.R. China
| | - Jincheng Zuo
- School of Life SciencesLudong UniversityYantaiP.R. China
| | - Xinfu Bai
- School of Life SciencesLudong UniversityYantaiP.R. China
| | - Jianqiang Song
- School of Life SciencesLudong UniversityYantaiP.R. China
| | - Nan Wu
- School of Resources and Environmental EngineeringLudong UniversityYantaiP.R. China
| | - Yuping Hou
- School of Life SciencesLudong UniversityYantaiP.R. China
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4
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Sivault E, Kollross J, Jorge LR, Finnie S, Diez-Méndez D, Fernandez Garzon S, Maraia H, Lenc J, Libra M, Murakami M, Nakaji T, Nakamura M, Sreekar R, Sam L, Abe T, Weiss M, Sam K. Insectivorous birds and bats outperform ants in the top-down regulation of arthropods across strata of a Japanese temperate forest. J Anim Ecol 2024. [PMID: 39045801 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.14146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
Birds, bats and ants are recognised as significant arthropod predators. However, empirical studies reveal inconsistent trends in their relative roles in top-down control across strata. Here, we describe the differences between forest strata in the separate effects of birds, bats and ants on arthropod densities and their cascading effects on plant damage. We implemented a factorial design to exclude vertebrates and ants in both the canopy and understorey. Additionally, we separately excluded birds and bats from the understorey using diurnal and nocturnal exclosures. At the end of the experiments, we collected all arthropods and assessed herbivory damage. Arthropods responded similarly to predator exclusion across forest strata, with a density increase of 81% on trees without vertebrates and 53% without both vertebrates and ants. Additionally, bird exclusion alone led to an 89% increase in arthropod density, while bat exclusion resulted in a 63% increase. Herbivory increased by 42% when vertebrates were excluded and by 35% when both vertebrates and ants were excluded. Bird exclusion alone increased herbivory damage by 28%, while the exclusion of bats showed a detectable but non-significant increase (by 22%). In contrast, ant exclusion had no significant effect on arthropod density or herbivory damage across strata. Our results reveal that the effects of birds and bats on arthropod density and herbivory damage are similar between the forest canopy and understorey in this temperate forest. In addition, ants were not found to be significant predators in our system. Furthermore, birds, bats and ants appeared to exhibit antagonistic relationships in influencing arthropod density. These findings highlight, unprecedentedly, the equal importance of birds and bats in maintaining ecological balance across different strata of a temperate forest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise Sivault
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Kollross
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Leonardo Re Jorge
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Sam Finnie
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - David Diez-Méndez
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Sara Fernandez Garzon
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Heveakore Maraia
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Lenc
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Libra
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | | | - Tatsuro Nakaji
- Sapporo Experimental Forest, Field Science Center for Northern Biosphere, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Masahiro Nakamura
- Tomakomai Experimental Forest, Field Science Center for Northern Biosphere, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Rachakonda Sreekar
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
- Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Science, School of Environment, The University of Queensland, Saint Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Legi Sam
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Tomokazu Abe
- Faculty of Science, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Matthias Weiss
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Katerina Sam
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
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5
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Zeng ZY, Huang JR, Liu ZQ, Yang AL, Li YX, Wang YL, Zhang HB. Distinct effects of phyllosphere and rhizosphere microbes on invader Ageratina adenophora during its early life stages. eLife 2024; 13:RP95502. [PMID: 38896455 PMCID: PMC11186635 DOI: 10.7554/elife.95502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Microbes strongly affect invasive plant growth. However, how phyllosphere and rhizosphere soil microbes distinctively affect seedling mortality and growth of invaders across ontogeny under varying soil nutrient levels remains unclear. In this study, we used the invader Ageratina adenophora to evaluate these effects. We found that higher proportions of potential pathogens were detected in core microbial taxa in leaf litter than rhizosphere soil and thus leaf inoculation had more adverse effects on seed germination and seedling survival than soil inoculation. Microbial inoculation at different growth stages altered the microbial community and functions of seedlings, and earlier inoculation had a more adverse effect on seedling survival and growth. The soil nutrient level did not affect microbe-mediated seedling growth and the relative abundance of the microbial community and functions involved in seedling growth. The effects of some microbial genera on seedling survival are distinct from those on growth. Moreover, the A. adenophora seedling-killing effects of fungal strains isolated from dead seedlings by non-sterile leaf inoculation exhibited significant phylogenetic signals, by which strains of Allophoma and Alternaria generally caused high seedling mortality. Our study stresses the essential role of A. adenophora litter microbes in population establishment by regulating seedling density and growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-Ying Zeng
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan UniversityKunmingChina
- School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan UniversityKunmingChina
| | - Jun-Rong Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan UniversityKunmingChina
| | - Zi-Qing Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan UniversityKunmingChina
| | - Ai-Ling Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan UniversityKunmingChina
- School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan UniversityKunmingChina
| | - Yu-Xuan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan UniversityKunmingChina
- School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan UniversityKunmingChina
| | - Yong-Lan Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan UniversityKunmingChina
| | - Han-Bo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan UniversityKunmingChina
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6
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Xing H, Chen W, Liu Y, Cahill JF. Local Community Assembly Mechanisms and the Size of Species Pool Jointly Explain the Beta Diversity of Soil Fungi. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2024; 87:58. [PMID: 38602532 PMCID: PMC11008070 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-024-02374-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Fungi play vital regulatory roles in terrestrial ecosystems. Local community assembly mechanisms, including deterministic and stochastic processes, as well as the size of regional species pools (gamma diversity), typically influence overall soil microbial community beta diversity patterns. However, there is limited evidence supporting their direct and indirect effects on beta diversity of different soil fungal functional groups in forest ecosystems. To address this gap, we collected 1606 soil samples from a 25-ha subtropical forest plot in southern China. Our goal was to determine the direct effects and indirect effects of regional species pools on the beta diversity of soil fungi, specifically arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM), ectomycorrhizal (EcM), plant-pathogenic, and saprotrophic fungi. We quantified the effects of soil properties, mycorrhizal tree abundances, and topographical factors on soil fungal diversity. The beta diversity of plant-pathogenic fungi was predominantly influenced by the size of the species pool. In contrast, the beta diversity of EcM fungi was primarily driven indirectly through community assembly processes. Neither of them had significant effects on the beta diversity of AM and saprotrophic fungi. Our results highlight that the direct and indirect effects of species pools on the beta diversity of soil functional groups of fungi can significantly differ even within a relatively small area. They also demonstrate the independent and combined effects of various factors in regulating the diversities of soil functional groups of fungi. Consequently, it is crucial to study the fungal community not only as a whole but also by considering different functional groups within the community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Xing
- ECNU-Alberta Joint Lab for Biodiversity Study, Tiantong Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Minhuang District, 200241, Shanghai, China
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2E9, Canada
| | - Wuwei Chen
- Qingyuan Bureau Natural Resources and Planning, Qingyuan, 323800, China
| | - Yu Liu
- ECNU-Alberta Joint Lab for Biodiversity Study, Tiantong Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Minhuang District, 200241, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200082, China.
| | - James F Cahill
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2E9, Canada
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7
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Daniel C, Allan E, Saiz H, Godoy O. Fast-slow traits predict competition network structure and its response to resources and enemies. Ecol Lett 2024; 27:e14425. [PMID: 38577899 DOI: 10.1111/ele.14425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Plants interact in complex networks but how network structure depends on resources, natural enemies and species resource-use strategy remains poorly understood. Here, we quantified competition networks among 18 plants varying in fast-slow strategy, by testing how increased nutrient availability and reduced foliar pathogens affected intra- and inter-specific interactions. Our results show that nitrogen and pathogens altered several aspects of network structure, often in unexpected ways due to fast and slow growing species responding differently. Nitrogen addition increased competition asymmetry in slow growing networks, as expected, but decreased it in fast growing networks. Pathogen reduction made networks more even and less skewed because pathogens targeted weaker competitors. Surprisingly, pathogens and nitrogen dampened each other's effect. Our results show that plant growth strategy is key to understand how competition respond to resources and enemies, a prediction from classic theories which has rarely been tested by linking functional traits to competition networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Daniel
- Institute for Plant Sciences (IPS), Bern University, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Eric Allan
- Institute for Plant Sciences (IPS), Bern University, Bern, Switzerland
- Centre for Development and Environment, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Hugo Saiz
- Institute for Plant Sciences (IPS), Bern University, Bern, Switzerland
- Departamento de Ciencias Agrarias y Medio Natural, Escuela Politécnica Superior, Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Ciencias Ambientales de Aragón (IUCA), Universidad de Zaragoza, Huesca, Spain
| | - Oscar Godoy
- Departamento de Biología, Instituto Universitario de Investigación Marina (INMAR), Universidad de Cádiz, Puerto Real, Spain
- Estación Biológica de Doñana, EBD-CSIC, Sevilla, Spain
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8
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Zhang P, Huang M, Chen C, Hu K, Ke J, Liu M, Xiao Y, Liu X. Contrasting roles of fungal and oomycete pathogens in mediating nitrogen addition and winter grazing effects on biomass. Ecology 2024; 105:e4254. [PMID: 38272568 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.4254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Both bottom-up and top-down processes modulate plant communities. Fungal and oomycete pathogens are most common in global grasslands, and due to differences in their physiology, function, host range, and life cycles, they may differentially affect plants (in both intensity and direction). However, how fungal and oomycete pathogens regulate bottom-up and top-down effects on plant community biomass remains unclear. To this end, we conducted a 3-year field experiment in an alpine meadow incorporating mammalian herbivore exclosure, fungicide/oomyceticide application, and nitrogen addition treatments. We arranged 12 blocks with half randomly assigned to be mammalian herbivore exclosures (fenced to exclude grazing sheep), and the other half were fenced most of the year but not in winter (winter grazing control). Six 2.5 × 2.5 m square plots were established in each block, with each of the six plots assigned as control, nitrogen addition, fungicide application, oomyceticide application, nitrogen addition + fungicide application, and nitrogen addition + oomyceticide application. We found that fungicide application significantly increased plant community biomass (mainly Poaceae species) under nitrogen addition and promoted the bottom-up effect of nitrogen addition on plant community biomass by altering the community-weighted mean of plant height (via species turnover). Meanwhile, oomyceticide application significantly increased plant community biomass (mainly Poaceae species) when mammalian herbivores were excluded and weakened the top-down effect of winter grazing on plant community biomass by driving intraspecific variation in plant height. Our results highlight that fungal and oomycete pathogens play important (but differing) roles in mediating the effects of nutrient availability and higher trophic levels on plant community biomass. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that plant pathogen-related modulation of plant community biomass is achieved by alterations to plant height. Overall, this study combines both community and disease ecology to reveal complex interactions among higher trophic levels and their potential impacts on terrestrial ecosystem functioning under human disturbance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, P. R. China
| | - Mengjiao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, P. R. China
| | - Chaorui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, P. R. China
| | - Kui Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, P. R. China
| | - Junsheng Ke
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, P. R. China
| | - Mu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, P. R. China
| | - Yao Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, P. R. China
| | - Xiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, P. R. China
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9
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Hülsmann L, Chisholm RA, Comita L, Visser MD, de Souza Leite M, Aguilar S, Anderson-Teixeira KJ, Bourg NA, Brockelman WY, Bunyavejchewin S, Castaño N, Chang-Yang CH, Chuyong GB, Clay K, Davies SJ, Duque A, Ediriweera S, Ewango C, Gilbert GS, Holík J, Howe RW, Hubbell SP, Itoh A, Johnson DJ, Kenfack D, Král K, Larson AJ, Lutz JA, Makana JR, Malhi Y, McMahon SM, McShea WJ, Mohamad M, Nasardin M, Nathalang A, Norden N, Oliveira AA, Parmigiani R, Perez R, Phillips RP, Pongpattananurak N, Sun IF, Swanson ME, Tan S, Thomas D, Thompson J, Uriarte M, Wolf AT, Yao TL, Zimmerman JK, Zuleta D, Hartig F. Latitudinal patterns in stabilizing density dependence of forest communities. Nature 2024; 627:564-571. [PMID: 38418889 PMCID: PMC10954553 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07118-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Numerous studies have shown reduced performance in plants that are surrounded by neighbours of the same species1,2, a phenomenon known as conspecific negative density dependence (CNDD)3. A long-held ecological hypothesis posits that CNDD is more pronounced in tropical than in temperate forests4,5, which increases community stabilization, species coexistence and the diversity of local tree species6,7. Previous analyses supporting such a latitudinal gradient in CNDD8,9 have suffered from methodological limitations related to the use of static data10-12. Here we present a comprehensive assessment of latitudinal CNDD patterns using dynamic mortality data to estimate species-site-specific CNDD across 23 sites. Averaged across species, we found that stabilizing CNDD was present at all except one site, but that average stabilizing CNDD was not stronger toward the tropics. However, in tropical tree communities, rare and intermediate abundant species experienced stronger stabilizing CNDD than did common species. This pattern was absent in temperate forests, which suggests that CNDD influences species abundances more strongly in tropical forests than it does in temperate ones13. We also found that interspecific variation in CNDD, which might attenuate its stabilizing effect on species diversity14,15, was high but not significantly different across latitudes. Although the consequences of these patterns for latitudinal diversity gradients are difficult to evaluate, we speculate that a more effective regulation of population abundances could translate into greater stabilization of tropical tree communities and thus contribute to the high local diversity of tropical forests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Hülsmann
- Ecosystem Analysis and Simulation (EASI) Lab, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany.
- Theoretical Ecology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.
- Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research (BayCEER), University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany.
| | - Ryan A Chisholm
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Liza Comita
- School of the Environment, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama City, Panama
| | - Marco D Visser
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Salomon Aguilar
- Forest Global Earth Observatory, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama City, Panama
| | - Kristina J Anderson-Teixeira
- Forest Global Earth Observatory, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama City, Panama
- Conservation Ecology Center, Smithsonian's National Zoo & Conservation Biology Institute, Front Royal, VA, USA
| | - Norman A Bourg
- Conservation Ecology Center, Smithsonian's National Zoo & Conservation Biology Institute, Front Royal, VA, USA
| | - Warren Y Brockelman
- National Biobank of Thailand (NBT), National Science and Technology Development Agency, Bangkok, Thailand
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Sarayudh Bunyavejchewin
- Thai Long Term Forest Ecological Research Project, Department of Forest Biology, Faculty of Forestry, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nicolas Castaño
- Instituto Amazónico de Investigaciones Científicas Sinchi, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Chia-Hao Chang-Yang
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | | | - Keith Clay
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Stuart J Davies
- Forest Global Earth Observatory, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Alvaro Duque
- Departamento de Ciencias Forestales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia Sede Medellín, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Sisira Ediriweera
- Department of Science and Technology, Uva Wellassa University, Badulla, Sri Lanka
| | | | - Gregory S Gilbert
- Environmental Studies Department, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Jan Holík
- Department of Forest Ecology, Silva Tarouca Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Robert W Howe
- Cofrin Center for Biodiversity, Department of Biology, University of Wisconsin-Green Bay, Green Bay, WI, USA
| | - Stephen P Hubbell
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Akira Itoh
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Daniel J Johnson
- School of Forest, Fisheries, and Geomatics Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - David Kenfack
- Global Earth Observatory (ForestGEO), Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Kamil Král
- Department of Forest Ecology, Silva Tarouca Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Andrew J Larson
- Department of Forest Management, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA
- Wilderness Institute, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA
| | - James A Lutz
- Department of Wildland Resources, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA
| | | | - Yadvinder Malhi
- Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Sean M McMahon
- Forest Global Earth Observatory, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Washington, DC, USA
- Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, Edgewater, MD, USA
| | - William J McShea
- Conservation Ecology Center, Smithsonian's National Zoo & Conservation Biology Institute, Front Royal, VA, USA
| | | | | | - Anuttara Nathalang
- National Biobank of Thailand (NBT), National Science and Technology Development Agency, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Natalia Norden
- Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | - Renan Parmigiani
- Department of Ecology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rolando Perez
- Forest Global Earth Observatory, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama City, Panama
| | | | | | - I-Fang Sun
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Studies, National Donghwa University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Mark E Swanson
- School of the Environment, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | | | - Duncan Thomas
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Jill Thompson
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Bush Estate, Penicuik, UK
| | - Maria Uriarte
- Department of Ecology, Evolution & Environmental Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Amy T Wolf
- Department of Biology, University of Wisconsin-Green Bay, Green Bay, WI, USA
| | - Tze Leong Yao
- Forest Research Institute Malaysia, Kepong, Malaysia
| | - Jess K Zimmerman
- Department of Environmental Science, University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras, USA
| | - Daniel Zuleta
- Forest Global Earth Observatory, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Florian Hartig
- Theoretical Ecology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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10
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Kimotho RN, Maina S. Unraveling plant-microbe interactions: can integrated omics approaches offer concrete answers? JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2024; 75:1289-1313. [PMID: 37950741 PMCID: PMC10901211 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/13/2023]
Abstract
Advances in high throughput omics techniques provide avenues to decipher plant microbiomes. However, there is limited information on how integrated informatics can help provide deeper insights into plant-microbe interactions in a concerted way. Integrating multi-omics datasets can transform our understanding of the plant microbiome from unspecified genetic influences on interacting species to specific gene-by-gene interactions. Here, we highlight recent progress and emerging strategies in crop microbiome omics research and review key aspects of how the integration of host and microbial omics-based datasets can be used to provide a comprehensive outline of complex crop-microbe interactions. We describe how these technological advances have helped unravel crucial plant and microbial genes and pathways that control beneficial, pathogenic, and commensal plant-microbe interactions. We identify crucial knowledge gaps and synthesize current limitations in our understanding of crop microbiome omics approaches. We highlight recent studies in which multi-omics-based approaches have led to improved models of crop microbial community structure and function. Finally, we recommend holistic approaches in integrating host and microbial omics datasets to achieve precision and efficiency in data analysis, which is crucial for biotic and abiotic stress control and in understanding the contribution of the microbiota in shaping plant fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roy Njoroge Kimotho
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Soil Ecology, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Centre for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050021, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Solomon Maina
- Elizabeth Macarthur Agricultural Institute, NSW Department of Primary Industries, Menangle, New South Wales 2568, Australia
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11
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Delavaux CS, Angst JK, Espinosa H, Brown M, Petticord DF, Schroeder JW, Broders K, Herre EA, Bever JD, Crowther TW. Fungal community dissimilarity predicts plant-soil feedback strength in a lowland tropical forest. Ecology 2024; 105:e4200. [PMID: 37897325 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.4200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
Soil microbes impact plant community structure and diversity through plant-soil feedbacks. However, linking the relative abundance of plant pathogens and mutualists to differential plant recruitment remains challenging. Here, we tested for microbial mediation of pairwise feedback using a reciprocal transplant experiment in a lowland tropical forest in Panama paired with amplicon sequencing of soil and roots. We found evidence that plant species identity alters the microbial community, and these changes in microbial composition alter subsequent growth and survival of conspecific plants. We also found that greater community dissimilarity between species in their arbuscular mycorrhizal and nonpathogenic fungi predicted increased positive feedback. Finally, we identified specific microbial taxa across our target functional groups that differentially accumulated under conspecific settings. Collectively, these findings clarify how soil pathogens and mutualists mediate net feedback effects on plant recruitment, with implications for management and restoration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille S Delavaux
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
- Kansas Biological Survey, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama City, Panama
| | - Janika K Angst
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hilario Espinosa
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama City, Panama
- Department of Evolutionary and Environmental Biology, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
- Sistema Nacional de Investigación, SENACYT, Panama City, Panama
- Universidad de Panama, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Exactas y Tecnología, Departamento de Botánica, Panama City, Panama
- Coiba Scientific Station (Coiba AIP), Panama City, Panama
| | - Makenna Brown
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Daniel F Petticord
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama City, Panama
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | | | - Kirk Broders
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama City, Panama
- Agricultural Research Service, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Mycotoxin Prevention and Applied Microbiology Research Unit, Peoria, Illinois, USA
| | - Edward A Herre
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama City, Panama
| | - James D Bever
- Kansas Biological Survey, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama City, Panama
| | - Thomas W Crowther
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH, Zurich, Switzerland
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12
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Iuorio A, Eppinga MB, Baudena M, Veerman F, Rietkerk M, Giannino F. Modelling how negative plant-soil feedbacks across life stages affect the spatial patterning of trees. Sci Rep 2023; 13:19128. [PMID: 37926717 PMCID: PMC10625994 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-44867-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work, we theoretically explore how litter decomposition processes and soil-borne pathogens contribute to negative plant-soil feedbacks, in particular in transient and stable spatial organisation of tropical forest trees and seedlings known as Janzen-Connell distributions. By considering soil-borne pathogens and autotoxicity both separately and in combination in a phenomenological model, we can study how both factors may affect transient dynamics and emerging Janzen-Connell distributions. We also identify parameter regimes associated with different long-term behaviours. Moreover, we compare how the strength of negative plant-soil feedbacks was mediated by tree germination and growth strategies, using a combination of analytical approaches and numerical simulations. Our interdisciplinary investigation, motivated by an ecological question, allows us to construct important links between local feedbacks, spatial self-organisation, and community assembly. Our model analyses contribute to understanding the drivers of biodiversity in tropical ecosystems, by disentangling the abilities of two potential mechanisms to generate Janzen-Connell distributions. Furthermore, our theoretical results may help guiding future field data analyses by identifying spatial signatures in adult tree and seedling distribution data that may reflect the presence of particular plant-soil feedback mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Iuorio
- Department of Engineering, Centro Direzionale-Isola C4, Parthenope University of Naples, 80143, Naples, Italy.
- Faculty of Mathematics, University of Vienna, Oskar-Morgenstern-Platz 1, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Maarten B Eppinga
- Department of Geography, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mara Baudena
- Environmental Sciences Group, Copernicus Institute of Sustainable Development, Utrecht University, 3508 TC, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate (CNR-ISAC), National Research Council of Italy, Corso Fiume 4, 10133, Torino, Italy
| | - Frits Veerman
- Mathematical Institute, Leiden University, Niels Bohrweg 1, 2300 RA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Max Rietkerk
- Environmental Sciences Group, Copernicus Institute of Sustainable Development, Utrecht University, 3508 TC, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Francesco Giannino
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, via Università 100, 80055, Portici, Italy
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13
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Zhao Y, Liu X, Wang J, Nie Y, Huang M, Zhang L, Xiao Y, Zhang Z, Zhou S. Fungal pathogens increase community temporal stability through species asynchrony regardless of nutrient fertilization. Ecology 2023; 104:e4166. [PMID: 37671835 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.4166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
Natural enemies and their interaction with host nutrient availability influence plant population dynamics, community structure, and ecosystem functions. However, the way in which these factors influence patterns of community stability, as well as the direct and indirect processes underlying that stability, remains unclear. Here, we investigated the separate and interactive roles of fungal/oomycete pathogens and nutrient fertilization on the temporal stability of community biomass and the potential mechanisms using a factorial experiment in an alpine meadow. We found that fungal pathogen exclusion reduced community temporal stability mainly through decreasing species asynchrony, while fertilization tended to reduce community temporal stability by decreasing species stability. However, there was no interaction between pathogen exclusion and nutrient fertilization. These effects were largely due to the direct effects of the treatments on plant biomass and not due to indirect effects mediated through plant diversity. Our findings highlight the need for a multitrophic perspective in field studies examining ecosystem stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yimin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province, School of Ecology and Environment, Hainan University, Haikou, China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Germplasm Innovation of Tropical Special Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Xiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jianbin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Germplasm Innovation of Tropical Special Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Yu Nie
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province, School of Ecology and Environment, Hainan University, Haikou, China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Germplasm Innovation of Tropical Special Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Mengjiao Huang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Coastal Ecosystems Research Station of the Yangtze River Estuary, Institute of Biodiversity Science, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Bamboo Research Institute, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yao Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhenhua Zhang
- Qinghai Haibei National Field Research Station of Alpine Grassland Ecosystem, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, China
| | - Shurong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Germplasm Innovation of Tropical Special Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, China
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14
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Lin C, Li WJ, Li LJ, Neilson R, An XL, Zhu YG. Movement of protistan trophic groups in soil-plant continuums. Environ Microbiol 2023; 25:2641-2652. [PMID: 37547979 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.16477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Protists, functionally divided into consumers, phototrophs, and parasites act as integral components and vital regulators of microbiomes in soil-plant continuums. However, the drivers of community structure, assembly mechanisms, co-occurrence patterns, and the associations with human pathogens and different protistan trophic groups remain unknown. Here, we characterized the phyllosphere and soil protistan communities associated with three vegetables under different fertilization treatments (none and organic fertilization) at five growth stages. In this study, consumers were the most diverse soil protist group, had the role of inter-kingdom connector, and were the primary biomarker for rhizosphere soils which were subjected to decreasing deterministic processes during plant growth. In contrast, phototrophs had the greatest niche breadth and formed soil protistan hubs, and were the primary biomarkers for both bulk soils and the phyllosphere. Parasites had minimal input to microbial co-occurrence networks. Organic fertilization increased the relative abundance (RA) of pathogenic protists and the number of pathogen-consumer connections in rhizosphere soils but decreased protistan richness and the number of internal protistan links. This study advances our understanding of the ecological roles and potential links between human pathogens and protistan trophic groups associated with soil-plant continuums, which is fundamental to the regulation of soil-plant microbiomes and maintenance of environmental and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenshuo Lin
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wen-Jing Li
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Li-Juan Li
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Roy Neilson
- Ecological Sciences, The James Hutton Institute, Dundee, Scotland, UK
| | - Xin-Li An
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yong-Guan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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15
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Delavaux CS, LaManna JA, Myers JA, Phillips RP, Aguilar S, Allen D, Alonso A, Anderson-Teixeira KJ, Baker ME, Baltzer JL, Bissiengou P, Bonfim M, Bourg NA, Brockelman WY, Burslem DFRP, Chang LW, Chen Y, Chiang JM, Chu C, Clay K, Cordell S, Cortese M, den Ouden J, Dick C, Ediriweera S, Ellis EC, Feistner A, Freestone AL, Giambelluca T, Giardina CP, Gilbert GS, He F, Holík J, Howe RW, Huaraca Huasca W, Hubbell SP, Inman F, Jansen PA, Johnson DJ, Kral K, Larson AJ, Litton CM, Lutz JA, Malhi Y, McGuire K, McMahon SM, McShea WJ, Memiaghe H, Nathalang A, Norden N, Novotny V, O'Brien MJ, Orwig DA, Ostertag R, Parker GG'J, Pérez R, Reynolds G, Russo SE, Sack L, Šamonil P, Sun IF, Swanson ME, Thompson J, Uriarte M, Vandermeer J, Wang X, Ware I, Weiblen GD, Wolf A, Wu SH, Zimmerman JK, Lauber T, Maynard DS, Crowther TW, Averill C. Mycorrhizal feedbacks influence global forest structure and diversity. Commun Biol 2023; 6:1066. [PMID: 37857800 PMCID: PMC10587352 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05410-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
One mechanism proposed to explain high species diversity in tropical systems is strong negative conspecific density dependence (CDD), which reduces recruitment of juveniles in proximity to conspecific adult plants. Although evidence shows that plant-specific soil pathogens can drive negative CDD, trees also form key mutualisms with mycorrhizal fungi, which may counteract these effects. Across 43 large-scale forest plots worldwide, we tested whether ectomycorrhizal tree species exhibit weaker negative CDD than arbuscular mycorrhizal tree species. We further tested for conmycorrhizal density dependence (CMDD) to test for benefit from shared mutualists. We found that the strength of CDD varies systematically with mycorrhizal type, with ectomycorrhizal tree species exhibiting higher sapling densities with increasing adult densities than arbuscular mycorrhizal tree species. Moreover, we found evidence of positive CMDD for tree species of both mycorrhizal types. Collectively, these findings indicate that mycorrhizal interactions likely play a foundational role in global forest diversity patterns and structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille S Delavaux
- ETH Zurich, Department of Environmental Systems Science, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Joseph A LaManna
- Department of Biological Sciences, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Jonathan A Myers
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | | | - Salomón Aguilar
- Forest Global Earth Observatory, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama City, Panama
| | - David Allen
- Department of Biology, Middlebury College, Middlebury, VT, USA
| | - Alfonso Alonso
- Center for Conservation and Sustainability, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological Park, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Kristina J Anderson-Teixeira
- Forest Global Earth Observatory, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama City, Panama
- Forest Global Earth Observatory, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological Park, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Matthew E Baker
- Geography & Environmental Systems, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Pulchérie Bissiengou
- Herbier National du Gabon, Institut de Pharmacopée et de Médecine Traditionelle, Libreville, Gabon
| | - Mariana Bonfim
- Department of Biology, Temple Ambler Field Station, Temple University, Ambler, PA, USA
| | - Norman A Bourg
- Conservation Ecology Center, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological Park, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Warren Y Brockelman
- National Biobank of Thailand, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Khlong Nueng, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | | | - Li-Wan Chang
- Taiwan Forestry Research Institute, Taipei City, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Ecology/School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jyh-Min Chiang
- Department of Life Science, Tunghai University, Taichung City, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chengjin Chu
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Keith Clay
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Susan Cordell
- Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry, USDA Forest Service, Hilo, HI, USA
| | - Mary Cortese
- Department of Biology, Temple Ambler Field Station, Temple University, Ambler, PA, USA
| | - Jan den Ouden
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Christopher Dick
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Sisira Ediriweera
- Department of Science and Technology, Uva Wellassa University, Badulla, Sri Lanka
| | - Erle C Ellis
- Geography & Environmental Systems, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Anna Feistner
- Gabon Biodiversity Program, Center for Conservation and Sustainability, Smithsonian National Zoo and Conservation Biology Institute, Gamba, Gabon
| | - Amy L Freestone
- Department of Biology, Temple Ambler Field Station, Temple University, Ambler, PA, USA
| | - Thomas Giambelluca
- University of Hawaii at Manoa, 1910 East-West Rd., Honolulu, HI, USA
- Water Resources Research Center, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, USA
| | | | - Gregory S Gilbert
- Environmental Studies Department, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Fangliang He
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Jan Holík
- Department of Forest Ecology, Silva Tarouca Research Institute, Průhonice, Czech Republic
| | - Robert W Howe
- Department of Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Green Bay, Green Bay, WI, USA
| | - Walter Huaraca Huasca
- Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Stephen P Hubbell
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Faith Inman
- Department of Biology, University of Hawaii, Hilo, HI, USA
| | - Patrick A Jansen
- Forest Global Earth Observatory, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama City, Panama
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Daniel J Johnson
- School of Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- School of Forest, Fisheries, and Geomatics Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA
| | - Kamil Kral
- Department of Forest Ecology, Silva Tarouca Research Institute, Průhonice, Czech Republic
| | - Andrew J Larson
- Department of Forest Management, W. A. Franke College of Forestry and Conservation, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA
- The Wilderness Institute, W. A. Franke College of Forestry and Conservation, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA
| | - Creighton M Litton
- University of Hawaii at Manoa, 1910 East-West Rd., Honolulu, HI, USA
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Management, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, USA
| | - James A Lutz
- The Ecology Center, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA
- Wildland Resources Department, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA
| | - Yadvinder Malhi
- Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Krista McGuire
- Department of Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA
| | - Sean M McMahon
- Forest Global Earth Observatory, Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, Edgewater, NJ, USA
| | - William J McShea
- Conservation Ecology Center, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological Park, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Hervé Memiaghe
- Department of Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et Technologique, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Anuttara Nathalang
- National Biobank of Thailand, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Khlong Nueng, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Natalia Norden
- Programa Ciencias de la Biodiversidad, Instituto de Investigacion de Recursos Biologicos Alexander von Humboldt, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Vojtech Novotny
- Biology Centre, Institute of Entomology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Michael J O'Brien
- Estación Experimental de Zonas Áridas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Almería, Spain
| | - David A Orwig
- Harvard Forest, Harvard University, Petersham, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Rolando Pérez
- Forest Global Earth Observatory, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama City, Panama
| | - Glen Reynolds
- The Royal Society SEARRP (UK/Malaysia), Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Sabrina E Russo
- School of Biological Sciences and Center for Plant Science Innovation, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Lawren Sack
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Pavel Šamonil
- Department of Forest Ecology, Silva Tarouca Research Institute, Průhonice, Czech Republic
| | - I-Fang Sun
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Studies, National Dong Hwa University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Mark E Swanson
- School of the Environment, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | | | - Maria Uriarte
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Environmental Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - John Vandermeer
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Xihua Wang
- Tiantong National Forest Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ian Ware
- U.S. Forest Service, Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry, Pacific Southwest Research Station, Hilo, HI, USA
| | - George D Weiblen
- Department of Plant & Microbial Biology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | - Amy Wolf
- Department of Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Green Bay, Green Bay, WI, USA
| | - Shu-Hui Wu
- Botanical Garden Division, Taiwan Forestry Research Institute, Taipei City, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Jess K Zimmerman
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras, Puerto Rico
| | - Thomas Lauber
- ETH Zurich, Department of Environmental Systems Science, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Daniel S Maynard
- ETH Zurich, Department of Environmental Systems Science, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thomas W Crowther
- ETH Zurich, Department of Environmental Systems Science, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Colin Averill
- ETH Zurich, Department of Environmental Systems Science, Zurich, Switzerland
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16
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Tian Z, Li W, Kou Y, Dong X, Liu H, Yang X, Dong Q, Chen T. Effects of Different Livestock Grazing on Foliar Fungal Diseases in an Alpine Grassland on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:949. [PMID: 37755057 PMCID: PMC10533196 DOI: 10.3390/jof9090949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
In grassland ecosystems, the occurrence and transmission of foliar fungal diseases are largely dependent on grazing by large herbivores. However, whether herbivores that have different body sizes differentially impact foliar fungal diseases remains largely unexplored. Thus, we conducted an 8-year grazing experiment in an alpine grassland on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in China and tested how different types of livestock (sheep (Ovis aries), yak (Bos grunniens), or both)) affected foliar fungal diseases at the levels of both plant population and community. At the population level, grazing by a single species (yak or sheep) or mixed species (sheep and yak) significantly decreased the severity of eight leaf spot diseases. Similarly, at the community level, both single species (yak or sheep) and mixed grazing by both sheep and yak significantly decreased the community pathogen load. However, we did not find a significant difference in the community pathogen load among different types of livestock. These results suggest that grazing by large herbivores, independently of livestock type, consistently decreased the prevalence of foliar fungal diseases at both the plant population and community levels. We suggest that moderate grazing by sheep or yak is effective to control the occurrence of foliar fungal diseases in alpine grasslands. This study advances our knowledge of the interface between disease ecology, large herbivores, and grassland science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Center for Grassland Microbiome, College of Pastoral Agricultural Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; (Z.T.); (W.L.); (Y.K.); (X.D.); (H.L.)
| | - Wenjie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Center for Grassland Microbiome, College of Pastoral Agricultural Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; (Z.T.); (W.L.); (Y.K.); (X.D.); (H.L.)
| | - Yixin Kou
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Center for Grassland Microbiome, College of Pastoral Agricultural Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; (Z.T.); (W.L.); (Y.K.); (X.D.); (H.L.)
| | - Xin Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Center for Grassland Microbiome, College of Pastoral Agricultural Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; (Z.T.); (W.L.); (Y.K.); (X.D.); (H.L.)
| | - Huining Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Center for Grassland Microbiome, College of Pastoral Agricultural Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; (Z.T.); (W.L.); (Y.K.); (X.D.); (H.L.)
| | - Xiaoxia Yang
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Adaptive Management on Alpine Grassland, Qinghai Academy of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China; (X.Y.); (Q.D.)
| | - Quanmin Dong
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Adaptive Management on Alpine Grassland, Qinghai Academy of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China; (X.Y.); (Q.D.)
| | - Tao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Center for Grassland Microbiome, College of Pastoral Agricultural Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; (Z.T.); (W.L.); (Y.K.); (X.D.); (H.L.)
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17
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Ramage BS, Johnson DJ, Chan DM. Effects of drought, disturbance, and biotic neighborhood on experimental tree seedling performance. Ecol Evol 2023; 13:e10413. [PMID: 37593754 PMCID: PMC10427772 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.10413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Forest biodiversity is likely maintained by a complex suite of interacting drivers that vary in importance across both space and time. Contributing factors include disturbance, interannual variation in abiotic variables, and biotic neighborhood effects. To probe ongoing uncertainties and potential interactions, we investigated tree seedling performance in a temperate mid-Atlantic forest ecosystem. We planted seedlings of five native tree species in mapped study plots, half of which were subjected to disturbance, and then monitored seedling survival, height growth, and foliar condition. The final year of data collection encompassed a drought, enabling comparison between intervals varying in water availability. Seedling performance was analyzed as a function of canopy cover and biotic neighborhood (conspecific and heterospecific abundance), including interactions, with separate generalized linear mixed models fit for each interval. All species exhibited: (a) pronounced declines in height growth during the drought year, (b) detrimental effects of adult conspecifics, and (c) beneficial effects of canopy openness. However, despite these consistencies, there was considerable variation across species in terms of the relevant predictors for each response variable in each interval. Our results suggest that drought may strengthen or reveal conspecific inhibition in some instances while weakening it or obscuring it in others, and that some forms of conspecific inhibition may manifest only under particular canopy conditions (although given the inconsistency of our findings, we are not convinced that conspecific inhibition is critical for diversity maintenance in our study system). Overall, our work reveals a complex forest ecosystem that appears simultaneously and interactively governed by biotic neighborhood structure (e.g., conspecific and/or heterospecific abundance), local habitat conditions (e.g., canopy cover), and interannual variability (e.g., drought).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel J. Johnson
- School of Forest, Fisheries, & Geomatics sciencesUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFloridaUSA
| | - David M. Chan
- Department of Mathematics and Applied MathematicsVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVirginiaUSA
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18
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Spaak JW, Adler PB, Ellner SP. Mechanistic Models of Trophic Interactions: Opportunities for Species Richness and Challenges for Modern Coexistence Theory. Am Nat 2023; 202:E1-E16. [PMID: 37384764 DOI: 10.1086/724660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
AbstractMany potential mechanisms promote species coexistence, but we know little about their relative importance. To compare multiple mechanisms, we modeled a two-trophic planktonic food web based on mechanistic species interactions and empirically measured species traits. We simulated thousands of possible communities under realistic and altered interaction strengths to assess the relative importance of three potential drivers of phytoplankton and zooplankton species richness: resource-mediated coexistence mechanisms, predator-prey interactions, and trait trade-offs. Next, we computed niche and fitness differences of competing zooplankton to obtain a deeper understanding of how these mechanisms determine species richness. We found that predator-prey interactions were the most important driver of phytoplankton and zooplankton species richness and that large zooplankton fitness differences were associated with low species richness, but zooplankton niche differences were not associated with species richness. However, for many communities we could not apply modern coexistence theory to compute niche and fitness differences of zooplankton because of conceptual issues with the invasion growth rates arising from trophic interactions. We therefore need to expand modern coexistence theory to fully investigate multitrophic-level communities.
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19
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Li T, Zhong Z, Pearson DE, Ortega YK, Li W, Li Y, Zhu H, Risch AC, Wang D. Parasites as ecosystem modulators: foliar pathogens suppress top-down effects of large herbivores. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 239:340-349. [PMID: 36978282 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Parasites can catalyze or inhibit interactions between their hosts and other species, but the ecosystem-level effects of such interaction modifications are poorly understood. We conducted a large-scale field experiment in temperate grasslands of China to understand how foliar fungal pathogens influenced top-down effects of cattle on plant diversity and productivity. When foliar pathogens were suppressed, cattle grazing strongly reduced biomass of the dominant grass, Leymus chinensis, generating competitive release that significantly increased community-level species richness and evenness. In the absence of grazing, pathogen attack on L. chinensis had no measurable effect on host biomass. However, pathogens disrupted top-down effects of herbivory by inhibiting grazing effects on plant biomass and species richness. Mechanistically, fungal pathogens were linked to increased alkaloid and reduced nitrogen levels in leaf tissue, which appeared to deter cattle grazing on L. chinensis. In conclusion, foliar pathogens can suppress top-down effects of large herbivores on grassland community composition and ecosystem function by modifying the strength of their host's interactions with dominant consumers. Parasites may act as modulators of ecosystem function when their direct effects on host abundance are overshadowed by powerful influences on host traits that modify their interactions with competitors, herbivores, or predators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyun Li
- Institute of Grassland Science, Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education/Jilin Songnen Grassland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Zhiwei Zhong
- Institute of Grassland Science, Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education/Jilin Songnen Grassland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Dean E Pearson
- Rocky Mountain Research Station, USDA Forest Service, 800 E. Beckwith Avenue, Missoula, MT, 59801, USA
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, 32 Campus Drive, Missoula, MT, 59812, USA
| | - Yvette K Ortega
- Rocky Mountain Research Station, USDA Forest Service, 800 E. Beckwith Avenue, Missoula, MT, 59801, USA
| | - Wenjun Li
- Institute of Grassland Science, Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education/Jilin Songnen Grassland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Yanan Li
- Institute of Grassland Science, Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education/Jilin Songnen Grassland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Hui Zhu
- Institute of Grassland Science, Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education/Jilin Songnen Grassland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Anita C Risch
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zuercherstrasse 111, 8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Deli Wang
- Institute of Grassland Science, Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education/Jilin Songnen Grassland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
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20
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Philpott M, Liew ECY, van der Merwe MM, Mertin A, French K. The Influence of Cone Age and Urbanisation on the Diversity and Community Composition of Culturable Seed Fungal Endophytes within Native Australian Banksia ericifolia L.f. subsp. ericifolia. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:706. [PMID: 37504695 PMCID: PMC10381327 DOI: 10.3390/jof9070706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Seed fungal endophytes play a crucial role in assisting the overall health and success of their host plant; however, little is known about the factors that influence the diversity and composition of these endophytes, particularly with respect to how they change over time and within urban environments. Using culturing techniques, morphological analyses, and Sanger sequencing, we identified the culturable seed fungal endophytes of Banksia ericifolia at two urban and two natural sites in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. A total of 27 Operational Taxonomic Units were obtained from 1200 seeds. Older cones were found to contain, on average, more colonised endophytes than younger cones. Species richness was also significantly influenced by cone age, with older cones being more speciose. Between urban and natural sites, the overall community composition did not change, although species richness and diversity were greatest at urban sites. Understanding how these endophytes vary in time and space may help provide an insight into the transmission pathways used and the potential role they play within the development and survival of the seed. This knowledge may also be crucial for restoration purposes, especially regarding the need to consider endophyte viability in ex situ seed collection and storage in seed-banking practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merize Philpott
- Centre for Sustainable Ecosystems Solutions, School of Earth, Atmospheric and Life Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Edward C Y Liew
- Research Centre for Ecosystem Resilience, The Royal Botanic Gardens and Domain Trust, Mrs Macquaries Rd, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia
| | - Marlien M van der Merwe
- Research Centre for Ecosystem Resilience, The Royal Botanic Gardens and Domain Trust, Mrs Macquaries Rd, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia
| | - Allison Mertin
- Research Centre for Ecosystem Resilience, The Royal Botanic Gardens and Domain Trust, Mrs Macquaries Rd, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia
| | - Kristine French
- Centre for Sustainable Ecosystems Solutions, School of Earth, Atmospheric and Life Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
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21
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Zhong Y, Zhong Y, Xie Y, Lei Y, Wei B, Liu J, Yu M. Climate and fragment area jointly affect the annual dynamics of seedlings in different functional groups in the Thousand Island Lake. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1200520. [PMID: 37389292 PMCID: PMC10303124 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1200520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Habitat fragmentation and climate change are the two main threats to global biodiversity. Understanding their combined impact on plant community regeneration is vital for predicting future forest structure and conserving biodiversity. This study monitored the seed production, seedling recruitment and mortality of woody plants in the Thousand Island Lake, a highly fragmented anthropogenic archipelago, for 5 years. We analyzed the seed-seedling transition, seedling recruitment and mortality of different functional groups in the fragmented forests and conducted correlation analyses involving climatic factors, island area, and plant community abundance. Our results showed that: 1) shade-tolerant and evergreen species had higher seed-seedling transition, seedling recruitment and survival rate than shade-intolerant and deciduous species in time and space, and these advantages increased with the island area. 2) Seedlings in different functional groups responded differently to island area, temperature and precipitation. 3) Increasing active accumulated temperature (the sum of the mean daily temperature above 0 °C) significantly increased seedling recruitment and survival, and warming climate favored the regeneration of evergreen species. 4) The seedling mortality rate of all plant functional groups increased with the increase of island area, but the increasing strength weakened significantly with the increase of the annual maximum temperature. These results suggested that the dynamics of woody plant seedlings varied among functional groups, and can be regulated separately and jointly by fragmentation and climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuping Zhong
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuchen Zhong
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Hangzhou Xuejun High School, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuchu Xie
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanping Lei
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Boliang Wei
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Wuyanling National Nature Reserve Administration of Zhejiang, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jinliang Liu
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Mingjian Yu
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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22
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Wilschut RA, Hume BCC, Mamonova E, van Kleunen M. Plant-soil feedback effects on conspecific and heterospecific successors of annual and perennial Central European grassland plants are correlated. NATURE PLANTS 2023:10.1038/s41477-023-01433-w. [PMID: 37291397 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-023-01433-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Plant-soil feedbacks (PSFs), soil-mediated plant effects on conspecific or heterospecific successors, are a major driver of vegetation development. It has been proposed that specialist plant antagonists drive differences in PSF responses between conspecific and heterospecific plants, whereas contributions of generalist plant antagonists to PSFs remain understudied. Here we examined PSFs among nine annual and nine perennial grassland species to test whether poorly defended annuals accumulate generalist-dominated plant antagonist communities, causing equally negative PSFs on conspecific and heterospecific annuals, whereas well-defended perennial species accumulate specialist-dominated antagonist communities, predominantly causing negative conspecific PSFs. Annuals exhibited more negative PSFs than perennials, corresponding to differences in root-tissue investments, but this was independent of conditioning plant group. Overall, conspecific and heterospecific PSFs did not differ. Instead, conspecific and heterospecific PSF responses in individual species' soils were correlated. Soil fungal communities were generalist dominated but could not robustly explain PSF variation. Our study nevertheless suggests an important role for host generalists as drivers of PSFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rutger A Wilschut
- Ecology Group, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany.
- Department of Nematology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
| | | | - Ekaterina Mamonova
- Ecology Group, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Mark van Kleunen
- Ecology Group, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Taizhou University, Taizhou, China
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23
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Malik N, Edwards D, Freckleton RP. Distance and density dependence in two native Bornean dipterocarp species. Ecol Evol 2023; 13:e10004. [PMID: 37091565 PMCID: PMC10115900 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.10004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The Janzen-Connell hypothesis proposes that density and distance-dependent mortality generated by specialist natural enemies prevent competitive dominance. Much literature on Janzen-Connell mechanisms comes from the neotropics, and evidence of the role of distance and density-dependence is still relatively sparse. We tested the predictions of the Janzen-Connell hypothesis in a South-East Asian system dominated by mast fruiting species. We hypothesized that seedling survival would decrease with distance and density, seedling growth would increase, and herbivory would decrease, according to the predictions of the Janzen-Connell hypothesis. Experiments were conducted to determine the strength of the Janzen-Connell mechanism by manipulating the density and identity of tree species as a function of the distance from parent trees. Survival of conspecific seedlings was reduced near adult trees of one species, but not another. High densities of seedlings decreased the growth of conspecific seedlings of both species. In both species, herbivory rates decreased with distance in low-density areas. This study indicates that dipterocarp species experienced weak Janzen-Connell effects of distance and density dependence at the growth stage studied. Future studies in this system might focus on earlier life-history stages such as seeds and small seedlings, as well as studying mortality during mast-seeding events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazrin Malik
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, School of BiosciencesUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldS10 2TNUK
| | - David Edwards
- Department of Forestry Science & Biodiversity, Faculty of ForestryUniversiti Putra MalaysiaSerdangSelangor43400Malaysia
| | - Robert P. Freckleton
- Department of Forestry Science & Biodiversity, Faculty of ForestryUniversiti Putra MalaysiaSerdangSelangor43400Malaysia
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24
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Mensah S, Lokossou CJ, Assogbadjo AE, Kakaï RG. Seasonal variation of environment and conspecific density-dependence effects on early seedling growth of a tropical tree in semi-arid savannahs. Glob Ecol Conserv 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2023.e02455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
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25
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Rutten G, Allan E. Using root economics traits to predict biotic plant soil-feedbacks. PLANT AND SOIL 2023; 485:71-89. [PMID: 37181279 PMCID: PMC10167139 DOI: 10.1007/s11104-023-05948-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Plant-soil feedbacks have been recognised as playing a key role in a range of ecological processes, including succession, invasion, species coexistence and population dynamics. However, there is substantial variation between species in the strength of plant-soil feedbacks and predicting this variation remains challenging. Here, we propose an original concept to predict the outcome of plant-soil feedbacks. We hypothesize that plants with different combinations of root traits culture different proportions of pathogens and mutualists in their soils and that this contributes to differences in performance between home soils (cultured by conspecifics) versus away soils (cultured by heterospecifics). We use the recently described root economics space, which identifies two gradients in root traits. A conservation gradient distinguishes fast vs. slow species, and from growth defence theory we predict that these species culture different amounts of pathogens in their soils. A collaboration gradient distinguishes species that associate with mycorrhizae to outsource soil nutrient acquisition vs. those which use a "do it yourself" strategy and capture nutrients without relying strongly on mycorrhizae. We provide a framework, which predicts that the strength and direction of the biotic feedback between a pair of species is determined by the dissimilarity between them along each axis of the root economics space. We then use data from two case studies to show how to apply the framework, by analysing the response of plant-soil feedbacks to measures of distance and position along each axis and find some support for our predictions. Finally, we highlight further areas where our framework could be developed and propose study designs that would help to fill current research gaps. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11104-023-05948-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma Rutten
- Institute of Plant Sciences and Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, Altenbergrain 21, 3013 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Eric Allan
- Institute of Plant Sciences and Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, Altenbergrain 21, 3013 Bern, Switzerland
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26
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Rainfall affects interactions between plant neighbours. Nature 2023; 615:39-40. [PMID: 36792897 DOI: 10.1038/d41586-023-00267-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
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27
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Granjel RR, Allan E, Godoy O. Nitrogen enrichment and foliar fungal pathogens affect the mechanisms of multispecies plant coexistence. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 237:2332-2346. [PMID: 36527234 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Changes in resources (e.g. nitrogen) and enemies (e.g. foliar pathogens) are key drivers of plant diversity and composition. However, their effects have not been connected to the niche and fitness differences that determine multispecies coexistence. Here, we combined a structuralist theoretical approach with a detailed grassland experiment factorially applying nitrogen addition and foliar fungal pathogen suppression to evaluate the joint effect of nitrogen and pathogens on niche and fitness differences, across a gradient from two to six interacting species. Nitrogen addition and pathogen suppression modified species interaction strengths and intrinsic growth rates, leading to reduced multispecies fitness differences. However, contrary to expected, we also observed that they promote stabilising niche differences. Although these modifications did not substantially alter species richness, they predicted major changes in community composition. Indirect interactions between species explained these community changes in smaller assemblages (three and four species) but lost importance in favour of direct pairwise interactions when more species were involved (five and six). Altogether, our work shows that explicitly considering the number of interacting species is critical for better understanding the direct and indirect processes by which nitrogen enrichment and pathogen communities shape coexistence in grasslands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo R Granjel
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Eric Allan
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Alterbergrain 21, 3013, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Oscar Godoy
- Departamento de Biología, Instituto Universitario de Investigación Marina (INMAR), Universidad de Cádiz, 11510, Puerto Real, Spain
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Lebrija-Trejos E, Hernández A, Wright SJ. Effects of moisture and density-dependent interactions on tropical tree diversity. Nature 2023; 615:100-104. [PMID: 36792827 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-05717-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Tropical tree diversity increases with rainfall1,2. Direct physiological effects of moisture availability and indirect effects mediated by biotic interactions are hypothesized to contribute to this pantropical increase in diversity with rainfall2-6. Previous studies have demonstrated direct physiological effects of variation in moisture availability on tree survival and diversity5,7-10, but the indirect effects of variation in moisture availability on diversity mediated by biotic interactions have not been shown11. Here we evaluate the relationships between interannual variation in moisture availability, the strength of density-dependent interactions, and seedling diversity in central Panama. Diversity increased with soil moisture over the first year of life across 20 annual cohorts. These first-year changes in diversity persisted for at least 15 years. Differential survival of moisture-sensitive species did not contribute to the observed changes in diversity. Rather, negative density-dependent interactions among conspecifics were stronger and increased diversity in wetter years. This suggests that moisture availability enhances diversity indirectly through moisture-sensitive, density-dependent conspecific interactions. Pathogens and phytophagous insects mediate interactions among seedlings in tropical forests12-18, and many of these plant enemies are themselves moisture-sensitive19-27. Changes in moisture availability caused by climate change and habitat degradation may alter these interactions and tropical tree diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edwin Lebrija-Trejos
- Department of Biology and Environment, University of Haifa-Oranim, Kiryat Tiv'on, Israel.
| | | | - S Joseph Wright
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa Ancón, Panama
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29
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Does Ungulate Herbivory Translate into Diversity of Woody Plants? A Long-Term Study in a Montane Forest Ecosystem in Austria. DIVERSITY 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/d15020165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Different species-specific traits of woody plant species, feeding preferences of herbivores together with resulting effects on plant competition are expected to translate into different plant community structures and expressions of biodiversity. We studied the diversity of woody plant species (trees and shrubs) and structural diversity of forest trees, using a 30-year and an 18-year dataset of ungulate exclosure-control plot pairs in a mixed alpine forest community in Austria. We surveyed the tallest individuals per tree species and plot and analyzed the collective of top-height individuals per plot pair. Incidence data for exclosure and control plots were aggregated. Comparing species diversity and diversity of height classes on the plots throughout time, we calculated diversity profiles based on Hill numbers. Diversity of top height individuals and structural diversity, expressed by height classes, were two diversity aspects that differed between exclosures and control plots. Other diversity estimates of woody plant species showed huge variation without significant differences between plots. Height growth was significantly suppressed by ungulate herbivory. Effects of ungulate herbivores in forest ecosystems are highly complex and context-dependent and thus not reducible to simple top-down forces. Long-term surveys provide data that reflect “ultimate” effects of herbivory interacting with other drivers of community dynamics.
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30
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Forrister DL, Endara MJ, Soule AJ, Younkin GC, Mills AG, Lokvam J, Dexter KG, Pennington RT, Kidner CA, Nicholls JA, Loiseau O, Kursar TA, Coley PD. Diversity and divergence: evolution of secondary metabolism in the tropical tree genus Inga. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 237:631-642. [PMID: 36263711 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Plants are widely recognized as chemical factories, with each species producing dozens to hundreds of unique secondary metabolites. These compounds shape the interactions between plants and their natural enemies. We explore the evolutionary patterns and processes by which plants generate chemical diversity, from evolving novel compounds to unique chemical profiles. We characterized the chemical profile of one-third of the species of tropical rainforest trees in the genus Inga (c. 100, Fabaceae) using ultraperformance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-based metabolomics and applied phylogenetic comparative methods to understand the mode of chemical evolution. We show: each Inga species contain structurally unrelated compounds and high levels of phytochemical diversity; closely related species have divergent chemical profiles, with individual compounds, compound classes, and chemical profiles showing little-to-no phylogenetic signal; at the evolutionary time scale, a species' chemical profile shows a signature of divergent adaptation. At the ecological time scale, sympatric species were the most divergent, implying it is also advantageous to maintain a unique chemical profile from community members; finally, we integrate these patterns with a model for how chemical diversity evolves. Taken together, these results show that phytochemical diversity and divergence are fundamental to the ecology and evolution of plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dale L Forrister
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, Aline W. Skaggs Biology Building, 257 S 1400 E, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112-0840, USA
| | - María-José Endara
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, Aline W. Skaggs Biology Building, 257 S 1400 E, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112-0840, USA
- Grupo de Investigación en Biodiversidad, Medio Ambiente y Salud-BIOMAS - Universidad de las Américas, 170513, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Abrianna J Soule
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, Aline W. Skaggs Biology Building, 257 S 1400 E, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112-0840, USA
| | - Gordon C Younkin
- Boyce Thompson Institute, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
- Plant Biology Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Anthony G Mills
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, Aline W. Skaggs Biology Building, 257 S 1400 E, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112-0840, USA
| | - John Lokvam
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, Aline W. Skaggs Biology Building, 257 S 1400 E, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112-0840, USA
| | - Kyle G Dexter
- School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, Old College, South Bridge, Edinburgh, EH8 9YL, UK
| | - R Toby Pennington
- Department of Geography, University of Exeter, Laver Building, North Park Road, Exeter, EX4 4QE, UK
| | - Catherine A Kidner
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, King's Buildings, Mayfield Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3JW, UK
- Royal Botanic Gardens Edinburgh, 20a Inverleith Row, Edinburgh, EH3 5LR, UK
| | - James A Nicholls
- The Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Australian National Insect Collection (ANIC), Building 101, Clunies Ross Street, Black Mountain, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Oriane Loiseau
- School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, Old College, South Bridge, Edinburgh, EH8 9YL, UK
| | - Thomas A Kursar
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, Aline W. Skaggs Biology Building, 257 S 1400 E, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112-0840, USA
| | - Phyllis D Coley
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, Aline W. Skaggs Biology Building, 257 S 1400 E, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112-0840, USA
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31
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Liu H, Liang M, Yang Q, Zhang J, Shen G, Zhang Z, Wang X. Responses of tree seedlings to understory filtering by the recalcitrant fern layer in a subtropical forest. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1033731. [PMID: 36507462 PMCID: PMC9730283 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1033731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The recalcitrant understory fern layer is an important ecological filter for seedling regeneration, yet how the fern layer influences seedling regeneration dynamics remains unclear. Here we transplanted 576 seedlings of four dominant tree species, Castanopsis fargesii, Lithocarpus glaber, Schima superba and Hovenia acerba, to the treatments of Diplopterygium glaucum retention and removal under an evergreen broad-leaved forest in eastern China. We monitored the survival, growth and biomass data of these seedlings for 28 months, and then used generalized linear mixed models to evaluate the treatment effects on seedling survival, growth, biomass and root-shoot ratio. Our results showed that fern retention significantly inhibited the seedling establishment of all four species. During the seedling development stage, the seedling relative growth rate of L. glaber decreased under fern retention, which was not the case for the other three species. Root-shoot ratio of C. fargesii and L. glaber increased significantly under fern retention. Our findings provide new evidence of the filtering effect of a recalcitrant fern understory. Notably, we observed that the response of tree seedlings to the recalcitrant fern understory was more sensitive in the establishment stage. Finally, our work highlights that the filtering effect of the recalcitrant fern understory changes depending on the regeneration stages, and that shade-tolerant species, C. fargesii and L. glaber were even more affected by fern disturbed habitats, suggesting that effective management should attempt to curb forest fern outbreaks, thus unblocking forest recruitment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heming Liu
- Tiantong National Station for Forest Ecosystem Research, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengfang Liang
- Department of ecology and climate, Shanxi Academy of Eco-Environmental Planning and Technology, Shanxi, China
| | - Qingsong Yang
- Tiantong National Station for Forest Ecosystem Research, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Tiantong National Station for Forest Ecosystem Research, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guochun Shen
- Tiantong National Station for Forest Ecosystem Research, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenzhen Zhang
- Tiantong National Station for Forest Ecosystem Research, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xihua Wang
- Tiantong National Station for Forest Ecosystem Research, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
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32
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Remke MJ, Johnson NC, Bowker MA. Sympatric soil biota mitigate a warmer-drier climate for Bouteloua gracilis. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2022; 28:6280-6292. [PMID: 36038989 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Climate change is altering temperature and precipitation, resulting in widespread plant mortality and shifts in plant distributions. Plants growing in soil types with low water holding capacity may experience intensified effects of reduced water availability as a result of climate change. Furthermore, complex biotic interactions between plants and soil organisms may mitigate or exacerbate the effects of climate change. This 3-year field experiment observed the performance of Bouteloua gracilis ecotypes that were transplanted across an environmental gradient with either sympatric soil from the seed source location or allopatric soil from the location that plants were transplanted into. We also inoculated plants with either sympatric or allopatric soil biotic communities to test: (1) how changes in climate alone influence plant growth, (2) how soil types interact with climate to influence plant growth, and (3) the role of soil biota in mitigating plant migration to novel environments. As expected, plants moved to cooler-wetter sites exhibited enhanced growth; however, plants moved to warmer-drier sites responded variably depending on the provenance of their soil and inoculum. Soil and inoculum provenance had little influence on the performance of plants moved to cooler-wetter sites, but at warmer-drier sites they were important predictors of plant biomass, seed set, and specific leaf area. Specifically, transplants inoculated with their sympatric soil biota and grown in their sympatric soil were as large as or larger than reference plants grown at the seed source locations; however, individuals inoculated with allopatric soil biota were smaller than reference site individuals at warmer, drier sites. These findings demonstrate complicated plant responses to various aspects of environmental novelty where communities of soil organisms may help ameliorate stress. The belowground microbiome of plants should be considered to predict the responses of vegetation more accurately to climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Remke
- Department of Biology, Fort Lewis College, Durango, Colorado, USA
- School of Forestry, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, USA
| | - Nancy C Johnson
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Earth and Sustainability, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, USA
| | - Matthew A Bowker
- School of Forestry, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, USA
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33
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Dai D, Yang J, Wu Y, Zhang W, Wu X, Liu Y, Xing H, Liu Y. Correlation between fine root traits and pathogen richness depends on plant mycorrhizal types. OIKOS 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.09354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dong Dai
- ECNU‐Alberta Joint Lab for Biodiversity Study, Tiantong Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal Univ. Shanghai China
| | - Jiarong Yang
- ECNU‐Alberta Joint Lab for Biodiversity Study, Tiantong Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal Univ. Shanghai China
| | - Yougui Wu
- Fengyangshan‐Baishanzu National Nature Reserve Zhejiang Province China
| | - Wenhua Zhang
- ECNU‐Alberta Joint Lab for Biodiversity Study, Tiantong Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal Univ. Shanghai China
| | - Xian Wu
- ECNU‐Alberta Joint Lab for Biodiversity Study, Tiantong Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal Univ. Shanghai China
| | - Yajing Liu
- ECNU‐Alberta Joint Lab for Biodiversity Study, Tiantong Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal Univ. Shanghai China
| | - Hua Xing
- ECNU‐Alberta Joint Lab for Biodiversity Study, Tiantong Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal Univ. Shanghai China
| | - Yu Liu
- ECNU‐Alberta Joint Lab for Biodiversity Study, Tiantong Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal Univ. Shanghai China
- Shanghai Inst. of Pollution Control and Ecological Security Shanghai China
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34
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Marčiulynienė D, Marčiulynas A, Mishcherikova V, Lynikienė J, Gedminas A, Franic I, Menkis A. Principal Drivers of Fungal Communities Associated with Needles, Shoots, Roots and Adjacent Soil of Pinus sylvestris. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:1112. [PMID: 36294677 PMCID: PMC9604598 DOI: 10.3390/jof8101112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The plant- and soil-associated microbial communities are critical to plant health and their resilience to stressors, such as drought, pathogens, and pest outbreaks. A better understanding of the structure of microbial communities and how they are affected by different environmental factors is needed to predict and manage ecosystem responses to climate change. In this study, we carried out a country-wide analysis of fungal communities associated with Pinus sylvestris growing under different environmental conditions. Needle, shoot, root, mineral, and organic soil samples were collected at 30 sites. By interconnecting the high-throughput sequencing data, environmental variables, and soil chemical properties, we were able to identify key factors that drive the diversity and composition of fungal communities associated with P. sylvestris. The fungal species richness and community composition were also found to be highly dependent on the site and the substrate they colonize. The results demonstrated that different functional tissues and the rhizosphere soil of P. sylvestris are associated with diverse fungal communities, which are driven by a combination of climatic (temperature and precipitation) and edaphic factors (soil pH), and stand characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Marčiulynienė
- Institute of Forestry, Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, Liepų Str. 1, Girionys, 53101 Kaunas District, Lithuania; (A.M.); (V.M.); (J.L.); (A.G.)
| | - Adas Marčiulynas
- Institute of Forestry, Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, Liepų Str. 1, Girionys, 53101 Kaunas District, Lithuania; (A.M.); (V.M.); (J.L.); (A.G.)
| | - Valeriia Mishcherikova
- Institute of Forestry, Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, Liepų Str. 1, Girionys, 53101 Kaunas District, Lithuania; (A.M.); (V.M.); (J.L.); (A.G.)
| | - Jūratė Lynikienė
- Institute of Forestry, Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, Liepų Str. 1, Girionys, 53101 Kaunas District, Lithuania; (A.M.); (V.M.); (J.L.); (A.G.)
| | - Artūras Gedminas
- Institute of Forestry, Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, Liepų Str. 1, Girionys, 53101 Kaunas District, Lithuania; (A.M.); (V.M.); (J.L.); (A.G.)
| | - Iva Franic
- Department of Southern Swedish Forest Research Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 190, SE-23422 Lomma, Sweden;
| | - Audrius Menkis
- Department of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7026, SE-75007 Uppsala, Sweden;
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35
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da Silva DA, Pfeifer M, Vibrans AC. Conspecific density plays a pivotal role in shaping sapling community in highly fragmented subtropical forests. AUSTRAL ECOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/aec.13249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Augusto da Silva
- Environmental Engineering Graduate Program Regional University of Blumenau Blumenau São Paulo Brazil
| | - Marion Pfeifer
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Modelling, Evidence and Policy Group Newcastle University Newcastle Upon Tyne UK
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36
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Wang F, Mi X, Chen L, Xu W, Durka W, Swenson NG, Johnson DJ, Worthy SJ, Xue J, Zhu Y, Schmid B, Liang Y, Ma K. Differential impacts of adult trees on offspring and non-offspring recruits in a subtropical forest. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2022; 65:1905-1913. [PMID: 36098896 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-021-2148-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
An important mechanism promoting species coexistence is conspecific negative density dependence (CNDD), which inhibits conspecific neighbors by accumulating host-specific enemies near adult trees. Natural enemies may be genotype-specific and regulate offspring dynamics more strongly than non-offspring, which is often neglected due to the difficulty in ascertaining genetic relatedness. Here, we investigated whether offspring and non-offspring of a dominant species, Castanopsis eyrei, suffered from different strength of CNDD based on parentage assignment in a subtropical forest. We found decreased recruitment efficiency (proxy of survival probability) of offspring compared with non-offspring near adult trees during the seedling-sapling transition, suggesting genotype-dependent interactions drive tree demographic dynamics. Furthermore, the genetic similarity between individuals of same cohort decreased in late life history stages, indicating genetic-relatedness-dependent tree mortality throughout ontogeny. Our results demonstrate that within-species genetic relatedness significantly affects the strength of CNDD, implying genotype-specific natural enemies may contribute to population dynamics in natural forests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiangcheng Mi
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Lei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Wubing Xu
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Puschstrasse 4, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Walter Durka
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Puschstrasse 4, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
- Department Community Ecology, Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Theodor-Lieser-Str. 4, Halle, 06120, Germany
| | - Nathan G Swenson
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, 46556, USA
- University of Notre Dame Environmental Research Center, Land O'Lakes, Wisconsin, 54540, USA
| | - Daniel J Johnson
- School of Forest, Fisheries, and Geomatics Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, 32611, USA
| | - Samantha J Worthy
- Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, 20742, USA
| | - Jianhua Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Yan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Bernhard Schmid
- Department of Geography, Remote Sensing Laboratories, University of Zürich, Zürich, CH-8006, Switzerland
- Institute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Yu Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China.
| | - Keping Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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37
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Houska Tahadlova M, Mottl O, Jorge LR, Koane B, Novotny V, Sam K. Trophic cascades in tropical rainforests: Effects of vertebrate predator exclusion on arthropods and plants in Papua New Guinea. Biotropica 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/btp.13160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marketa Houska Tahadlova
- Laboratory of Multitrophic Interactions, Biology Centre of Czech Academy of Sciences Institute of Entomology Ceske Budejovice Czech Republic
- Faculty of Sciences University of South Bohemia Ceske Budejovice Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Mottl
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research University of Bergen Bergen Norway
| | - Leonardo R. Jorge
- Laboratory of Multitrophic Interactions, Biology Centre of Czech Academy of Sciences Institute of Entomology Ceske Budejovice Czech Republic
| | - Bonny Koane
- The New Guinea Binatang Research Centre Madang Papua New Guinea
| | - Vojtech Novotny
- Laboratory of Multitrophic Interactions, Biology Centre of Czech Academy of Sciences Institute of Entomology Ceske Budejovice Czech Republic
- Faculty of Sciences University of South Bohemia Ceske Budejovice Czech Republic
- The New Guinea Binatang Research Centre Madang Papua New Guinea
| | - Katerina Sam
- Laboratory of Multitrophic Interactions, Biology Centre of Czech Academy of Sciences Institute of Entomology Ceske Budejovice Czech Republic
- Faculty of Sciences University of South Bohemia Ceske Budejovice Czech Republic
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38
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Liu X, Lu Y, Huang M, Zhou S. Host diversity positively affects the temporal stability of foliar fungal diseases in a Tibetan alpine meadow. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2022; 130:525-534. [PMID: 35809261 PMCID: PMC9510944 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcac093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Plant disease can dramatically affect population dynamics, community composition and ecosystem functions. However, most empirical studies focus on diseases at a certain time point and largely ignore their temporal stability, which directly affects our ability to predict when and where disease outbreaks will occur. METHODS Using a removal experiment that manipulates plant diversity (i.e. a plant biodiversity and ecosystem function experiment) and a fertilization experiment in a Tibetan alpine meadow, we investigated how different plant biodiversity indices and nitrogen fertilization affect the temporal stability of foliar fungal diseases (measured as the mean value of community pathogen load divided by its standard deviation) over seven consecutive years. KEY RESULTS We found that the temporal stability of foliar fungal diseases increased with plant diversity indices in the plant biodiversity and ecosystem function experiment. Meanwhile, we observed a weakly positive relationship between host diversity and temporal stability in the fertilization experiment. However, the nitrogen treatment did not affect temporal stability, given that fertilization increased both the mean and standard deviation of pathogen load by roughly the same magnitude. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that host diversity regulates the temporal stability of pathogen load, but we note that this effect may be attenuated under rapid biodiversity loss in the Anthropocene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Germplasm Innovation of Tropical Special Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, PR China
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, PR China
| | - Yawen Lu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Mengjiao Huang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
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Wei B, Zhong L, Liu J, Zheng F, Jin Y, Xie Y, Lei Z, Shen G, Yu M. Differences in Density Dependence among Tree Mycorrhizal Types Affect Tree Species Diversity and Relative Growth Rates. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11182340. [PMID: 36145742 PMCID: PMC9505969 DOI: 10.3390/plants11182340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Conspecific negative density dependence (CNDD) may vary by tree mycorrhizal type. However, whether arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM)-associated tree species suffer from stronger CNDD than ectomycorrhizal (EcM) and ericoid mycorrhizal (ErM)-associated tree species at different tree life stages, and whether EcM tree species can promote AM and ErM saplings and adults growth, remain to be studied. Based on the subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest data in eastern China, the generalized linear mixed-effects model was used to analyze the effects of the conspecific density and heterospecific density grouped by symbiont mycorrhizal type on different tree life stages of different tree mycorrhizal types. The results showed that compared to other tree mycorrhizal types at the same growth stage, EcM saplings and AM adults experienced stronger CNDD. Heterospecific EcM density had a stronger positive effect on AM and ErM individuals. Species diversity and average relative growth rate (RGR) first increased and then decreased with increasing basal area (BA) ratios of EcM to AM tree species. These results suggested that the stronger CNDD of EcM saplings and AM adults favored local species diversity over other tree mycorrhizal types. The EcM tree species better facilitated the growth of AM and ErM tree species in the neighborhood, increasing the forest carbon sink rate. Interestingly, species diversity and average RGR decreased when EcM or AM tree species predominated. Therefore, our study highlights that manipulating the BA ratio of EcM to AM tree species will play a nonnegligible role in maintaining biodiversity and increasing forest carbon sink rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boliang Wei
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Lei Zhong
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Zhejiang Wuyanling National Nature Reserve Management Bureau, Taishun 325500, China
| | - Jinliang Liu
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Fangdong Zheng
- Zhejiang Wuyanling National Nature Reserve Management Bureau, Taishun 325500, China
| | - Yi Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Development in Guizhou Province, School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Yuchu Xie
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zupei Lei
- Zhejiang Wuyanling National Nature Reserve Management Bureau, Taishun 325500, China
| | - Guochun Shen
- Zhejiang Tiantong Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Center for Global Change and Ecological Forecasting, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Mingjian Yu
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-0571-88206469
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40
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Nottingham AT, Scott JJ, Saltonstall K, Broders K, Montero-Sanchez M, Püspök J, Bååth E, Meir P. Microbial diversity declines in warmed tropical soil and respiration rise exceed predictions as communities adapt. Nat Microbiol 2022; 7:1650-1660. [PMID: 36065063 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-022-01200-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Perturbation of soil microbial communities by rising temperatures could have important consequences for biodiversity and future climate, particularly in tropical forests where high biological diversity coincides with a vast store of soil carbon. We carried out a 2-year in situ soil warming experiment in a tropical forest in Panama and found large changes in the soil microbial community and its growth sensitivity, which did not fully explain observed large increases in CO2 emission. Microbial diversity, especially of bacteria, declined markedly with 3 to 8 °C warming, demonstrating a breakdown in the positive temperature-diversity relationship observed elsewhere. The microbial community composition shifted with warming, with many taxa no longer detected and others enriched, including thermophilic taxa. This community shift resulted in community adaptation of growth to warmer temperatures, which we used to predict changes in soil CO2 emissions. However, the in situ CO2 emissions exceeded our model predictions threefold, potentially driven by abiotic acceleration of enzymatic activity. Our results suggest that warming of tropical forests will have rapid, detrimental consequences both for soil microbial biodiversity and future climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew T Nottingham
- School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK. .,School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK. .,Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Ancon, Republic of Panama.
| | - Jarrod J Scott
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Ancon, Republic of Panama
| | | | - Kirk Broders
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Ancon, Republic of Panama.,Mycotoxin Prevention and Applied Microbiology Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service USDA, Peoria, IL, USA
| | | | - Johann Püspök
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Ancon, Republic of Panama
| | - Erland Bååth
- Section of Microbial Ecology, Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Patrick Meir
- School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
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41
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Huang Y, Schuldt A, Hönig L, Yang B, Liu X, Bruelheide H, Ma K, Schmid B, Niklaus PA. Effects of enemy exclusion on biodiversity-productivity relationships in a subtropical forest experiment. THE JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY 2022; 110:2167-2178. [PMID: 36250130 PMCID: PMC9544039 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2745.13940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Interspecific niche complementarity is a key mechanism posited to explain positive species richness-productivity relationships in plant communities. However, the exact nature of the niche dimensions that plant species partition remains poorly known.Species may partition abiotic resources that limit their growth, but species may also be specialized with respect to their set of biotic interactions with other trophic levels, in particular with enemies including pathogens and consumers. The lower host densities present in more species-diverse plant communities may therefore result in smaller populations of specialized enemies, and in a smaller associated negative feedback these enemies exert on plant productivity.To test whether such host density-dependent effects of enemies drive diversity-productivity relationships in young forest stands, we experimentally manipulated leaf fungal pathogens and insect herbivores in a large subtropical forest biodiversity-ecosystem functioning experiment in China (BEF-China).We found that fungicide spraying of tree canopies removed the positive tree-species richness-productivity relationship present in untreated control plots. The tree species that contributed the most to this effect were the ones with the highest fungicide-induced growth increase in monoculture. Insecticide application did not cause comparable effects. Synthesis. Our findings suggest that tree species diversity may not only promote productivity by interspecific resource-niche partitioning but also by trophic niche partitioning. Most likely, partitioning occurred with respect to enemies such as pathogenic fungi. Alternatively, similar effects on tree growth would have occurred if fungicide had eliminated positive effects of a higher diversity of beneficial fungi (e.g. mycorrhizal symbionts) that may have occurred in mixed tree species communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Huang
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental StudiesUniversity of ZürichZürichSwitzerland
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv)Halle‐Jena‐LeipzigLeipzigGermany
- Institute of BiologyLeipzig UniversityLeipzigGermany
| | - Andreas Schuldt
- Forest Nature ConservationGeorg‐August‐University GöttingenGöttingenGermany
| | - Lydia Hönig
- Institute of Biology, Geobotany and Botanical GardenMartin‐Luther‐University Halle‐WittenbergHalleGermany
| | - Bo Yang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Biodiversity of Jiangxi ProvinceJingdezhen UniversityJingdezhenChina
| | - Xiaojuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of BotanyThe Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Helge Bruelheide
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv)Halle‐Jena‐LeipzigLeipzigGermany
- Institute of Biology, Geobotany and Botanical GardenMartin‐Luther‐University Halle‐WittenbergHalleGermany
| | - Keping Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of BotanyThe Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Bernhard Schmid
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental StudiesUniversity of ZürichZürichSwitzerland
- Department of Geography, Remote Sensing LaboratoriesUniversity of ZürichZürichSwitzerland
- Institute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental SciencesPeking UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Pascal A. Niklaus
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental StudiesUniversity of ZürichZürichSwitzerland
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42
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Liu X, Parker IM, Gilbert GS, Lu Y, Xiao Y, Zhang L, Huang M, Cheng Y, Zhang Z, Zhou S. Coexistence is stabilized by conspecific negative density dependence via fungal pathogens more than oomycete pathogens. Ecology 2022; 103:e3841. [DOI: 10.1002/ecy.3841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Germplasm Innovation of Tropical Special Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education College of Forestry, Hainan University Haikou P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro‐Ecosystems College of Ecology, Lanzhou University Lanzhou P. R. China
| | - Ingrid M. Parker
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of California Santa Cruz California U.S.A
| | - Gregory S. Gilbert
- Department of Environmental Studies University of California Santa Cruz California U.S.A
| | - Yawen Lu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering Coastal Ecosystems Research Station of the Yangtze River Estuary, Institute of Biodiversity Science, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University Shanghai P. R. China
| | - Yao Xiao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering Coastal Ecosystems Research Station of the Yangtze River Estuary, Institute of Biodiversity Science, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University Shanghai P. R. China
| | - Li Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering Coastal Ecosystems Research Station of the Yangtze River Estuary, Institute of Biodiversity Science, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University Shanghai P. R. China
| | - Mengjiao Huang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering Coastal Ecosystems Research Station of the Yangtze River Estuary, Institute of Biodiversity Science, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University Shanghai P. R. China
| | - Yikang Cheng
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering Coastal Ecosystems Research Station of the Yangtze River Estuary, Institute of Biodiversity Science, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University Shanghai P. R. China
| | - Zhenhua Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Xining P. R. China
| | - Shurong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Germplasm Innovation of Tropical Special Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education College of Forestry, Hainan University Haikou P. R. China
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43
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Jevon FV, De La Cruz D, LaManna JA, Lang AK, Orwig DA, Record S, Kouba PV, Ayres MP, Matthes JH. Experimental and observational evidence of negative conspecific density dependence in temperate ectomycorrhizal trees. Ecology 2022; 103:e3808. [PMID: 35792423 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.3808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Conspecific negative density dependence (CNDD) promotes tree species diversity by reducing recruitment near conspecific adults due to biotic feedbacks from herbivores, pathogens, or competitors. While this process is well-described in tropical forests, tests of temperate tree species range from strong positive to strong negative density dependence. To explain this, several studies have suggested that tree species traits may help predict the strength and direction of density dependence: for example, ectomycorrhizal-associated tree species typically exhibit either positive or weaker negative conspecific density dependence. More generally, the strength of density dependence may be predictably related to other species-specific ecological attributes such as shade tolerance, or the relative local abundance of a species. To test the strength of density dependence and whether it affects seedling community diversity in a temperate forest, we tracked the survival of seedlings of three ectomycorrhizal-associated species experimentally planted beneath conspecific and heterospecific adults on the Prospect Hill tract of the Harvard Forest, in Massachusetts, USA. Experimental seedling survival was always lower under conspecific adults, which increased seedling community diversity in one of six treatments. We compared these results to evidence of CNDD from observed sapling survival patterns of 28 species over approximately 8 years in an adjacent 35-hectare forest plot. We tested whether species-specific estimates of CNDD were associated with mycorrhizal association, shade tolerance, and local abundance. We found evidence of significant, negative conspecific density dependence (CNDD) in 23 of 28 species, and positive conspecific density dependence in two species. Contrary to our expectations, ectomycorrhizal-associated species generally exhibited stronger (e.g. more negative) CNDD than arbuscular mycorrhizal- associated species. CNDD was also stronger in more shade tolerant species but was not associated with local abundance. Conspecific adult trees often have a negative influence on seedling survival in temperate forests, particularly for tree species with certain traits. Here we found strong experimental and observational evidence that ectomycorrhizal-associating species consistently exhibit CNDD. Moreover, similarities in the relative strength of density dependence from experiments and observations of sapling mortality suggest a mechanistic link between negative effects of conspecific adults on seedling and sapling survival and local tree species distributions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona V Jevon
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, United States
| | - Dayna De La Cruz
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wellesley College, Wellesley, MA, USA
| | - Joseph A LaManna
- Department of Biological Sciences, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Ashley K Lang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - David A Orwig
- Harvard Forest, Harvard University, Petersham, MA, USA
| | - Sydne Record
- Department of Biology, Bryn Mawr College, Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Paige V Kouba
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Matthew P Ayres
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, United States
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44
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Burdon RD, Bartlett MJ. Putative biotic drivers of plant phenology: With special reference to pathogens and deciduousness. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e8932. [PMID: 35784056 PMCID: PMC9163672 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.8932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant phenology is not only manifested in the seasonal timing of vegetative and reproductive processes but also has ontogenetic aspects. The adaptive basis of seasonal phenology has been considered mainly in terms of climatic drivers. However, some biotic factors as likely evolutionary influences on plants' phenology appear to have been under-researched. Several specific cases of putative biotic factors driving plant phenology are outlined, involving both herbivores and pathogens. These illustrate the diversity of likely interactions rather than any systematic coverage or review. Emphasis is on woody perennials, in which phenology is often most multifaceted and complicated by the ontogenetic aspect. The complete seasonal leaf fall that characterizes deciduous plants may be a very important defense against some pathogens. Whether biotic influences drive acquisition or long-term persistence of deciduousness is considered. In one case, of leaf rusts in poplars, countervailing influences of the rusts and climate suggest persistence. Often, however, biotic and environmental influences likely reinforce each other. The timing and duration of shoot flushing may in at least some cases contribute to defenses against herbivores, largely through brief periods of "predator satiation" when plant tissues have highest food value. Wide re-examination of plant phenology, accommodating the roles of biotic factors and their interplays with environments as additional adaptive drivers, is advocated toward developing and applying hypotheses that are observationally or experimentally testable.
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45
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König S, Krauss J, Keller A, Bofinger L, Steffan-Dewenter I. Phylogenetic relatedness of food plants reveals highest insect herbivore specialization at intermediate temperatures along a broad climatic gradient. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2022; 28:4027-4040. [PMID: 35429201 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The composition and richness of herbivore and plant assemblages change along climatic gradients, but knowledge about associated shifts in specialization is scarce and lacks controlling for the abundance and phylogeny of interaction partners. Thus, we aimed to test whether the specialization of phytophagous insects in insect-plant interaction networks decreases toward cold habitats as predicted by the 'altitude niche-breadth hypothesis' to forecast possible consequences of interaction rewiring under climate change. We used a non-invasive, standardized metabarcoding approach to reconstruct dietary relationships of Orthoptera species as a major insect herbivore taxon along a broad temperature gradient (~12°C) in Southern Germany. Based on Orthoptera surveys, feeding observations, collection of fecal pellets from >3,000 individuals of 54 species, and parallel vegetation surveys on 41 grassland sites, we quantified plant resource availability and its use by herbivores. Herbivore assemblages were richer in species and individuals at sites with high summer temperatures, while plant richness peaked at intermediate temperatures. Corresponding interaction networks were most specialized in warm habitats. Considering phylogenetic relationships of plant resources, however, the specialization pattern was not linear but peaked at intermediate temperatures, mediated by herbivores feeding on a narrow range of phylogenetically related resources. Our study provides empirical evidence of resource specialization of insect herbivores along a climatic gradient, demonstrating that resource phylogeny, availability, and temperature interactively shape the specialization of herbivore assemblages. Instead of low specialization levels only in cold, harsh habitats, our results suggest increased generalist feeding due to intraspecific changes and compositional differences at both ends of the microclimatic gradient. We conclude that this nonlinear change of phylogeny-based resource specialization questions predictions derived from the 'altitude-niche breadth hypothesis' and highlights the currently limited understanding of how plant-herbivore interactions will change under future climatic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian König
- Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jochen Krauss
- Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Keller
- Organismic and Cellular Interactions, Biocenter, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Planegg, Germany
| | | | - Ingolf Steffan-Dewenter
- Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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46
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Krishnan A, Osuri AM, Krishnadas M. Small mammals reduce distance dependence and increase seed predation risk in tropical rainforest fragments. Biotropica 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/btp.13137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Aparna Krishnan
- Post‐Graduate Programme in Wildlife Biology and Conservation National Centre for Biological Sciences Bangalore Karnataka India
- Nature Conservation Foundation Mysore Karnataka India
| | | | - Meghna Krishnadas
- Laboratory for Conservation of Endangered Species CSIR – Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology Hyderabad Telangana India
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47
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Holík J, Janík D. Seed and seedling predation by vertebrates mediates the effects of adult trees in two temperate tree species. Oecologia 2022; 199:625-636. [PMID: 35661249 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-022-05203-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Specialised natural enemies can locally suppress seeds and seedlings near conspecific adults more than far from them. Whilst this is thought to facilitate species coexistence, the relative contribution of multiple enemies to whether heterospecific seeds and seedlings rather than conspecifics perform better beneath a particular adult species remains less clear, especially in regions with spatially extensive monodominant stands. We designed a field exclusion experiment to separate the effects of fungi, insects and vertebrates on the seedling establishment and early survival of two temperate tree species, Fagus sylvatica and Picea abies, in the adult tree monocultures of these species. Our experiment demonstrates the key role of vertebrates in mediating the effects of adult trees on seeds and seedlings. Due to vertebrates and partly insects, Fagus sylvatica seedlings survived worse beneath conspecific than heterospecific adults and were also outperformed by Picea abies seedlings beneath their own adults. Picea abies seedling establishment was higher beneath conspecific than heterospecific adults, but Fagus sylvatica seedlings outperformed them beneath their own adults. The impact of enemies on Picea abies establishment beneath conspecific adults was less clear. Fungi did not influence seedling establishment and survival. Our findings highlight the need to compare enemy impacts on each seedling species beneath conspecific and heterospecific adults with their impacts on conspecific and heterospecific seedlings beneath a particular adult species. Such evaluations can shed more light on the role of enemies in tree communities by identifying the plant-enemy interactions that facilitate species coexistence and those that promote species monodominance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Holík
- Department of Forest Ecology, The Silva Tarouca Research Institute for Landscape and Ornamental Gardening, Lidická 25/27, 602 00, Brno, Czech Republic.
- Department of Silviculture, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 3, 613 00, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - David Janík
- Department of Forest Ecology, The Silva Tarouca Research Institute for Landscape and Ornamental Gardening, Lidická 25/27, 602 00, Brno, Czech Republic
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48
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Salazar D, Marquis RJ. Testing the role of local plant chemical diversity on plant-herbivore interactions and plant species coexistence. Ecology 2022; 103:e3765. [PMID: 35611398 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.3765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that herbivorous insects influence local composition and richness of Neotropical plant species, particularly in species-rich genera. Species richness, phylogenetic diversity, and chemical diversity all influence the ability of insect herbivores to find and utilize their hosts. The relative impact of these components of diversity on species coexistence and plant-herbivore interactions is not well understood. We constructed 60 local communities of up to 13 species of Piper (Piperaceae) in native, mature forest at a lowland wet forest location in Costa Rica. Species composition of each community was chosen such that species richness, phylogenetic diversity, and GCMS-based chemical diversity were varied independently among communities. We predicted that chemical diversity would most strongly affect the communities across time, with smaller effects of taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity. Thirteen months after the experimental planting, we assessed survivorship of each cutting, measured total leaf area loss of the survivors, leaf area loss to generalist and specialist herbivorous insect species, and local extinction of species. Generalist and specialist herbivory decreased with increasing levels of species richness and phylogenetic diversity, respectively. Surprisingly, there was no independent effect of chemical diversity on any of the three measures of herbivore damage. Nevertheless, plots with a higher chemical and phylogenetic diversity showed decreased plant mortality and local species extinction. Overall, our results suggest that both chemical and phylogenetic similarity are important factors in the assembly and maintenance of tropical plant communities. The fact that chemical diversity influences plant mortality suggests that leaf herbivores, and possibly other plant natural enemies, could increase plant diversity via selective mortality of similar chemotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Salazar
- International Center for Tropical Botany, Institute of Environment, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University
| | - Robert J Marquis
- Department of Biology and the Whitney R. Harris World Ecology Center, University of Missouri-St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
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49
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Massad TJ, Richards LA, Philbin C, Fumiko Yamaguchi L, Kato MJ, Jeffrey CS, Oliveira C, Ochsenrider K, M de Moraes M, Tepe EJ, Cebrian Torrejon G, Sandivo M, Dyer LA. The chemical ecology of tropical forest diversity: Environmental variation, chemical similarity, herbivory, and richness. Ecology 2022; 103:e3762. [PMID: 35593436 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.3762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Species richness in tropical forests is correlated with other dimensions of diversity, including the diversity of plant-herbivore interactions and the phytochemical diversity that influences those interactions. Understanding the complexity of plant chemistry and the importance of phytochemical diversity for plant-insect interactions and overall forest richness has been enhanced significantly by the application of metabolomics to natural systems. The present work used proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1 H-NMR) profiling of crude leaf extracts to study phytochemical similarity and diversity among Piper plants growing naturally in the Atlantic Rainforest of Brazil. Spectral profile similarity and chemical diversity were quantified to examine the relationship between metrics of phytochemical diversity, specialist and generalist herbivory, and understory plant richness. Herbivory increased with understory species richness, while generalist herbivory increased and specialist herbivory decreased with the diversity of Piper leaf material available. Specialist herbivory increased when conspecific host plants were more spectroscopically dissimilar. Spectral similarity was lower among individuals of common species, and they were also more spectrally diverse, indicating phytochemical diversity is beneficial to plants. Canopy openness and soil nutrients also influenced chemistry and herbivory. The complex relationships uncovered in this study add information to our growing understanding of the importance of phytochemical diversity for plant-insect interactions and tropical plant species richness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara Joy Massad
- Department of Scientific Services, Gorongosa National Park, Sofala, Mozambique.,Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Lora A Richards
- Department of Biology, Program in Ecology, Evolution and Conservation Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, USA.,Hitchcock Center for Chemical Ecology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, USA
| | - Casey Philbin
- Hitchcock Center for Chemical Ecology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, USA.,Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, USA
| | | | - Massuo J Kato
- Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Christopher S Jeffrey
- Hitchcock Center for Chemical Ecology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, USA.,Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, USA
| | - Celso Oliveira
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, USA
| | | | - Marcílio M de Moraes
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Pernambuco, Pernambuco, Brasil
| | - Eric J Tepe
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | | | | | - Lee A Dyer
- Department of Biology, Program in Ecology, Evolution and Conservation Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, USA.,Hitchcock Center for Chemical Ecology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, USA
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50
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Zhu C, Wang Z, Luo W, Feng J, Chen Y, He D, Ellwood MDF, Chu C, Li Y. Fungal phylogeny and plant functional traits structure plant–rhizosphere fungi networks in a subtropical forest. OIKOS 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.08992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chuchao Zhu
- Dept of Bioengineering, Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical Univ. Zhuhai China
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Ecology and School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat‐sen Univ. Guangzhou China
| | - Zihui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Ecology and School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat‐sen Univ. Guangzhou China
| | - Wenqi Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Ecology and School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat‐sen Univ. Guangzhou China
| | - Jiayi Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Ecology and School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat‐sen Univ. Guangzhou China
| | - Yongfa Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Ecology and School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat‐sen Univ. Guangzhou China
| | - Dong He
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Ecology and School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat‐sen Univ. Guangzhou China
| | | | - Chengjin Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Ecology and School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat‐sen Univ. Guangzhou China
| | - Yuanzhi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Ecology and School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat‐sen Univ. Guangzhou China
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