1
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Li F, Fan Y, Zhou L, Martin DR, Liu Z, Li Z. Synthesis and characterization of 64Cu-labeled Geldanamycin derivative for imaging HSP90 expression in breast cancer. Nucl Med Biol 2024; 136-137:108929. [PMID: 38796925 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2024.108929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 05/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) plays a crucial role in cancer cell growth and metastasis by stabilizing overexpressed signaling proteins. Inhibiting HSP90 has emerged as a promising anti-cancer strategy. In this study, we aimed to develop and characterize a HSP90-targeted molecular imaging probe, [64Cu]Cu-DOTA-BDA-GM, based on a specific HSP90 inhibitor, geldanamycin (GM), for PET imaging of cancers. GM is modified at the C-17 position with 1,4-butane-diamine (BDA) and linked to 1,4,7,10-Tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid (DOTA) for 64Cu radiolabeling. We evaluated the probe's specific binding to HSP90-expressing cells using Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells and breast cancer cells including MDA-MB-231, MDA-MB-435S, MCF7, and KR-BR-3 cell lines. A competition study with non-radioactive GM-BDA yielded an IC50 value of 1.35 ± 0.14 nM, underscoring the probe's affinity for HSP90. In xenograft models of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer, [64Cu]Cu-DOTA-BDA-GM showcased targeted tumor localization, with significant radioactivity observed up to 18 h post-injection. Blocking studies using unlabeled GM-BDA and treatment with the anticancer drug Vorinostat (SAHA), which can affect the expression and activity of numerous proteins, such as HSPs, confirmed the specificity and sensitivity of the probe in cancer targeting. Additionally, PET/CT imaging in a lung metastasis mouse model revealed increased lung uptake of [64Cu]Cu-DOTA-BDA-GM in metastatic sites, significantly higher than in non-metastatic lungs, illustrating the probe's ability to detect metastatic breast cancer. In conclusion, [64Cu]Cu-DOTA-BDA-GM represents a sensitive and specific approach for identifying HSP90 expression in breast cancer and metastases, offering promising implications for clinical diagnosis and monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Li
- Department of Radiology, Houston Methodist Academic Institute, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yubo Fan
- Division of Physical Science & Processing Technology, Brazosport College, Lake Jackson, TX, USA
| | - Lan Zhou
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Academic Institute, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Diego R Martin
- Department of Radiology, Houston Methodist Academic Institute, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Zhonglin Liu
- Department of Radiology, Houston Methodist Academic Institute, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Zheng Li
- Department of Radiology, Houston Methodist Academic Institute, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA.
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2
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McNutt SW, Roychowdhury T, Pasala C, Nguyen HT, Thornton DT, Sharma S, Botticelli L, Digwal CS, Joshi S, Yang N, Panchal P, Chakrabarty S, Bay S, Markov V, Kwong C, Lisanti J, Chung SY, Ginsberg SD, Yan P, DeStanchina E, Corben A, Modi S, Alpaugh M, Colombo G, Erdjument-Bromage H, Neubert TA, Chalkley RJ, Baker PR, Burlingame AL, Rodina A, Chiosis G, Chu F. Phosphorylation-Driven Epichaperome Assembly: A Critical Regulator of Cellular Adaptability and Proliferation. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-4114038. [PMID: 38645031 PMCID: PMC11030525 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4114038/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
The intricate protein-chaperone network is vital for cellular function. Recent discoveries have unveiled the existence of specialized chaperone complexes called epichaperomes, protein assemblies orchestrating the reconfiguration of protein-protein interaction networks, enhancing cellular adaptability and proliferation. This study delves into the structural and regulatory aspects of epichaperomes, with a particular emphasis on the significance of post-translational modifications in shaping their formation and function. A central finding of this investigation is the identification of specific PTMs on HSP90, particularly at residues Ser226 and Ser255 situated within an intrinsically disordered region, as critical determinants in epichaperome assembly. Our data demonstrate that the phosphorylation of these serine residues enhances HSP90's interaction with other chaperones and co-chaperones, creating a microenvironment conducive to epichaperome formation. Furthermore, this study establishes a direct link between epichaperome function and cellular physiology, especially in contexts where robust proliferation and adaptive behavior are essential, such as cancer and stem cell maintenance. These findings not only provide mechanistic insights but also hold promise for the development of novel therapeutic strategies targeting chaperone complexes in diseases characterized by epichaperome dysregulation, bridging the gap between fundamental research and precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seth W McNutt
- Department of Molecular, Cellular & Biomedical Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA
- co-first author, equally contributed to the work
| | - Tanaya Roychowdhury
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
- co-first author, equally contributed to the work
| | - Chiranjeevi Pasala
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Hieu T Nguyen
- Department of Molecular, Cellular & Biomedical Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA
| | - Daniel T Thornton
- Department of Molecular, Cellular & Biomedical Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA
| | - Sahil Sharma
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Luke Botticelli
- Department of Molecular, Cellular & Biomedical Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA
| | - Chander S Digwal
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Suhasini Joshi
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Nan Yang
- Department of Molecular, Cellular & Biomedical Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA
| | - Palak Panchal
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Souparna Chakrabarty
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Sadik Bay
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Vladimir Markov
- Antitumor Assessment Core Facility, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Charlene Kwong
- Antitumor Assessment Core Facility, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Jeanine Lisanti
- Antitumor Assessment Core Facility, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Sun Young Chung
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Stephen D Ginsberg
- Departments of Psychiatry, Neuroscience & Physiology & the NYU Neuroscience Institute, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
- Center for Dementia Research, Nathan Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY, 10962, USA
| | - Pengrong Yan
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Elisa DeStanchina
- Antitumor Assessment Core Facility, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Adriana Corben
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Shanu Modi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Solid Tumors, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Mary Alpaugh
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Giorgio Colombo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, via Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Hediye Erdjument-Bromage
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology and Neuroscience Institute, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Thomas A Neubert
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology and Neuroscience Institute, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Robert J Chalkley
- Mass Spectrometry Facility, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143, USA
| | - Peter R Baker
- Mass Spectrometry Facility, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143, USA
| | - Alma L Burlingame
- Mass Spectrometry Facility, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143, USA
| | - Anna Rodina
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Gabriela Chiosis
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Solid Tumors, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
- These authors jointly supervised this work: Feixia Chu, Gabriela Chiosis
| | - Feixia Chu
- Department of Molecular, Cellular & Biomedical Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA
- Hubbard Center for Genome Studies, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA
- These authors jointly supervised this work: Feixia Chu, Gabriela Chiosis
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3
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Pasala C, Sharma S, Roychowdhury T, Moroni E, Colombo G, Chiosis G. N-Glycosylation as a Modulator of Protein Conformation and Assembly in Disease. Biomolecules 2024; 14:282. [PMID: 38540703 PMCID: PMC10968129 DOI: 10.3390/biom14030282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Glycosylation, a prevalent post-translational modification, plays a pivotal role in regulating intricate cellular processes by covalently attaching glycans to macromolecules. Dysregulated glycosylation is linked to a spectrum of diseases, encompassing cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, congenital disorders, infections, and inflammation. This review delves into the intricate interplay between glycosylation and protein conformation, with a specific focus on the profound impact of N-glycans on the selection of distinct protein conformations characterized by distinct interactomes-namely, protein assemblies-under normal and pathological conditions across various diseases. We begin by examining the spike protein of the SARS virus, illustrating how N-glycans regulate the infectivity of pathogenic agents. Subsequently, we utilize the prion protein and the chaperone glucose-regulated protein 94 as examples, exploring instances where N-glycosylation transforms physiological protein structures into disease-associated forms. Unraveling these connections provides valuable insights into potential therapeutic avenues and a deeper comprehension of the molecular intricacies that underlie disease conditions. This exploration of glycosylation's influence on protein conformation effectively bridges the gap between the glycome and disease, offering a comprehensive perspective on the therapeutic implications of targeting conformational mutants and their pathologic assemblies in various diseases. The goal is to unravel the nuances of these post-translational modifications, shedding light on how they contribute to the intricate interplay between protein conformation, assembly, and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiranjeevi Pasala
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; (C.P.); (S.S.); (T.R.)
| | - Sahil Sharma
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; (C.P.); (S.S.); (T.R.)
| | - Tanaya Roychowdhury
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; (C.P.); (S.S.); (T.R.)
| | - Elisabetta Moroni
- The Institute of Chemical Sciences and Technologies (SCITEC), Italian National Research Council (CNR), 20131 Milano, Italy; (E.M.); (G.C.)
| | - Giorgio Colombo
- The Institute of Chemical Sciences and Technologies (SCITEC), Italian National Research Council (CNR), 20131 Milano, Italy; (E.M.); (G.C.)
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Gabriela Chiosis
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; (C.P.); (S.S.); (T.R.)
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
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4
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Mayer MP, Blair L, Blatch GL, Borges TJ, Chadli A, Chiosis G, de Thonel A, Dinkova-Kostova A, Ecroyd H, Edkins AL, Eguchi T, Fleshner M, Foley KP, Fragkostefanakis S, Gestwicki J, Goloubinoff P, Heritz JA, Heske CM, Hibshman JD, Joutsen J, Li W, Lynes M, Mendillo ML, Mivechi N, Mokoena F, Okusha Y, Prahlad V, Repasky E, Sannino S, Scalia F, Shalgi R, Sistonen L, Sontag E, van Oosten-Hawle P, Vihervaara A, Wickramaratne A, Wang SXY, Zininga T. Stress biology: Complexity and multifariousness in health and disease. Cell Stress Chaperones 2024; 29:143-157. [PMID: 38311120 PMCID: PMC10939078 DOI: 10.1016/j.cstres.2024.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Preserving and regulating cellular homeostasis in the light of changing environmental conditions or developmental processes is of pivotal importance for single cellular and multicellular organisms alike. To counteract an imbalance in cellular homeostasis transcriptional programs evolved, called the heat shock response, unfolded protein response, and integrated stress response, that act cell-autonomously in most cells but in multicellular organisms are subjected to cell-nonautonomous regulation. These transcriptional programs downregulate the expression of most genes but increase the expression of heat shock genes, including genes encoding molecular chaperones and proteases, proteins involved in the repair of stress-induced damage to macromolecules and cellular structures. Sixty-one years after the discovery of the heat shock response by Ferruccio Ritossa, many aspects of stress biology are still enigmatic. Recent progress in the understanding of stress responses and molecular chaperones was reported at the 12th International Symposium on Heat Shock Proteins in Biology, Medicine and the Environment in the Old Town Alexandria, VA, USA from 28th to 31st of October 2023.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias P Mayer
- Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Laura Blair
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Gregory L Blatch
- Biomedical Research and Drug Discovery Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, Higher Colleges of Technology, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates; Biomedical Biotechnology Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa
| | - Thiago J Borges
- Department of Surgery, Center for Transplantation Sciences, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA
| | - Ahmed Chadli
- Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Gabriela Chiosis
- Department of Medicine, Division of Solid Tumors, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Aurélie de Thonel
- CNRS, UMR 7216, 75250 Paris Cedex 13, Paris, France; Univeristy of Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; Département Hospitalo-Universitaire DHU PROTECT, Paris, France
| | - Albena Dinkova-Kostova
- Division of Cellular and Systems Medicine, Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Heath Ecroyd
- Molecular Horizons and School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales 2522, Australia
| | - Adrienne L Edkins
- Biomedical Biotechnology Research Unit (BioBRU), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa
| | - Takanori Eguchi
- Department of Dental Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8525, Japan
| | - Monika Fleshner
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | | | - Sotirios Fragkostefanakis
- Department of Biosciences, Molecular Cell Biology of Plants, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main 60438, Germany
| | - Jason Gestwicki
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Pierre Goloubinoff
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jennifer A Heritz
- Department of Urology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA; Upstate Cancer Center, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - Christine M Heske
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jonathan D Hibshman
- Biology Department, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Jenny Joutsen
- Department of Pathology, Lapland Central Hospital, Lapland Wellbeing Services County, Rovaniemi, Finland
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Dermatology and the Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California Keck Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Michael Lynes
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Marc L Mendillo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Simpson Querrey Center for Epigenetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Nahid Mivechi
- Molecular Chaperone Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Fortunate Mokoena
- Department of Biochemistry, North-West University, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa
| | - Yuka Okusha
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Veena Prahlad
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Elizabeth Repasky
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Sara Sannino
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Federica Scalia
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy; Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (IEMEST), Palermo, Italy
| | - Reut Shalgi
- Department of Biochemistry, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 31096, Israel
| | - Lea Sistonen
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Cell Biology, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland; Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Emily Sontag
- Department of Biological Sciences, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI 53233, USA
| | | | - Anniina Vihervaara
- Department of Gene Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Science for Life Laboratory, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anushka Wickramaratne
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Shawn Xiang Yang Wang
- Developmental Therapeutics Program, VCU Comprehensive Massey Cancer Center, VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Tawanda Zininga
- Department of Biochemistry, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa
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5
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Eisa NH, Crowley VM, Elahi A, Kommalapati VK, Serwetnyk MA, Llbiyi T, Lu S, Kainth K, Jilani Y, Marasco D, El Andaloussi A, Lee S, Tsai FT, Rodriguez PC, Munn D, Celis E, Korkaya H, Debbab A, Blagg B, Chadli A. Enniatin A inhibits the chaperone Hsp90 and unleashes the immune system against triple-negative breast cancer. iScience 2023; 26:108308. [PMID: 38025772 PMCID: PMC10663837 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Low response rates and immune-related adverse events limit the remarkable impact of cancer immunotherapy. To improve clinical outcomes, preclinical studies have shown that combining immunotherapies with N-terminal Hsp90 inhibitors resulted in improved efficacy, even though induction of an extensive heat shock response (HSR) and less than optimal dosing of these inhibitors limited their clinical efficacy as monotherapies. We discovered that the natural product Enniatin A (EnnA) targets Hsp90 and destabilizes its client oncoproteins without inducing an HSR. EnnA triggers immunogenic cell death in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) syngeneic mouse models and exhibits superior antitumor activity compared to Hsp90 N-terminal inhibitors. EnnA reprograms the tumor microenvironment (TME) to promote CD8+ T cell-dependent antitumor immunity by reducing PD-L1 levels and activating the chemokine receptor CX3CR1 pathway. These findings provide strong evidence for transforming the immunosuppressive TME into a more tumor-hostile milieu by engaging Hsp90 with therapeutic agents involving novel mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nada H. Eisa
- Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, 1410 Laney Walker Boulevard, CN-3329, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Vincent M. Crowley
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Notre Dame, 305 McCourtney Hall, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Asif Elahi
- Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, 1410 Laney Walker Boulevard, CN-3329, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Vamsi Krishna Kommalapati
- Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, 1410 Laney Walker Boulevard, CN-3329, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Michael A. Serwetnyk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Notre Dame, 305 McCourtney Hall, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Taoufik Llbiyi
- Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, 1410 Laney Walker Boulevard, CN-3329, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Sumin Lu
- Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, 1410 Laney Walker Boulevard, CN-3329, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Kashish Kainth
- Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, 1410 Laney Walker Boulevard, CN-3329, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Yasmeen Jilani
- Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, 1410 Laney Walker Boulevard, CN-3329, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Daniela Marasco
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via Montesano, 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Abdeljabar El Andaloussi
- Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, 1410 Laney Walker Boulevard, CN-3329, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Sukyeong Lee
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Molecular and Cellular Biology, and Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Francis T.F. Tsai
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Molecular and Cellular Biology, and Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Paulo C. Rodriguez
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - David Munn
- Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, 1410 Laney Walker Boulevard, CN-3329, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Esteban Celis
- Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, 1410 Laney Walker Boulevard, CN-3329, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Hasan Korkaya
- Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, 1410 Laney Walker Boulevard, CN-3329, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Abdessamad Debbab
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, Building 26.23, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Brian Blagg
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Notre Dame, 305 McCourtney Hall, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Ahmed Chadli
- Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, 1410 Laney Walker Boulevard, CN-3329, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
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6
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Wang Z, Zhang H, Li X, Song Y, Wang Y, Hu Z, Gao Q, Jiang M, Yin F, Yuan L, Liu J, Song T, Lu S, Xu G, Zhang Z. Exploiting the "Hot-Spots" of Hsp70 -Bim Protein -Protein Interaction to Optimize the 1-Oxo-1 H-phenalene-2,3-dicarbonitrile Analogues as Specific Hsp70 -Bim Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2023; 66:16377-16387. [PMID: 38011535 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c01783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Selectively targeting the cancer-specific protein-protein interaction (PPI) between Hsp70 and Bim has been discovered as a promising strategy for treating chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). The first Hsp70-Bim PPI inhibitor, S1g-2, has been identified to overcome the on-target toxicity of known Hsp70 inhibitors when it induces apoptosis of CML cells. Herein, we carried out a hit-to-lead optimization of S1g-2, yielding S1g-10, which exhibited a 10-fold increase in Hsp70/Bim suppressing potency. Furthermore, S1g-10 not only exhibited a 5- to 10-fold stronger antitumor activity in the sub-μM range against CML cells than S1g-2 in vitro, but it also overcame BCR-ABL-independent tyrosine kinase inhibitor resistance in CML in vivo depending on the Hsp70-Bim signaling pathway. Moreover, through structure-activity relationship analysis, TROSY-HSQC NMR, molecular dynamics simulation, and point mutation validation, two hydrophobic pockets composed of eight key residues were demonstrated to produce predominant interactions with either Bim or S1g-10, regarded as the "hot-spots" in the Hsp70-Bim PPI interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqian Wang
- School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, China
| | - Xin Li
- School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, China
| | - Yang Song
- Department of Hematology, Central Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
| | - Yuying Wang
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, China
| | - Zhiyuan Hu
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, China
| | - Qishuang Gao
- School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, China
| | - Maojun Jiang
- School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, China
| | - Fangkui Yin
- School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, China
| | - Linjie Yuan
- School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, China
| | - Jingjing Liu
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, China
| | - Ting Song
- School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, China
| | - Shaohua Lu
- School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, China
| | - Guanghong Xu
- School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, China
| | - Zhichao Zhang
- School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, China
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7
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Tanaka N, Okada H, Yamaguchi K, Seki M, Matsubara D, Gotoh N, Suzuki Y, Furukawa Y, Yamashita T, Inoue JI, Kaneko S, Sakamoto T. Mint3-depletion-induced energy stress sensitizes triple-negative breast cancer to chemotherapy via HSF1 inactivation. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:815. [PMID: 38081808 PMCID: PMC10713533 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-06352-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Given the lack of therapeutic targets, the conventional approach for managing triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) involves the utilization of cytotoxic chemotherapeutic agents. However, most TNBCs acquire resistance to chemotherapy, thereby lowering the therapeutic outcome. In addition to oncogenic mutations in TNBC, microenvironment-induced mechanisms render chemoresistance more complex and robust in vivo. Here, we aimed to analyze whether depletion of Munc18-1 interacting protein 3 (Mint3), which activates hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) during normoxia, sensitizes TNBC to chemotherapy. We found that Mint3 promotes the chemoresistance of TNBC in vivo. Mint3 depletion did not affect the sensitivity of human TNBC cell lines to doxorubicin and paclitaxel in vitro but sensitized tumors of these cells to chemotherapy in vivo. Transcriptome analyses revealed that the Mint3-HIF-1 axis enhanced heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) expression in tumors of TNBC cells. Administering an HSP70 inhibitor enhanced the antitumor activity of doxorubicin in TNBC tumors, similar to Mint3 depletion. Mint3 expression was also correlated with HSP70 expression in human TNBC specimens. Mechanistically, Mint3 depletion induces glycolytic maladaptation to the tumor microenvironment in TNBC tumors, resulting in energy stress. This energy stress by Mint3 depletion inactivated heat shock factor 1 (HSF-1), the master regulator of HSP expression, via the AMP-activated protein kinase/mechanistic target of the rapamycin pathway following attenuated HSP70 expression. In conclusion, Mint3 is a unique regulator of TNBC chemoresistance in vivo via metabolic adaptation to the tumor microenvironment, and a combination of Mint3 inhibition and chemotherapy may be a good strategy for TNBC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noritaka Tanaka
- Department of Cancer Biology, Institute of Biomedical Science, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hikari Okada
- Information-Based Medicine Development, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Yamaguchi
- Division of Clinical Genome Research, the Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahide Seki
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Chiba, Japan
| | | | - Noriko Gotoh
- Division of Cancer Cell Biology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Yutaka Suzuki
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yoichi Furukawa
- Division of Clinical Genome Research, the Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taro Yamashita
- Department of System Biology, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichiro Inoue
- The University of Tokyo Pandemic Preparedness, Infection and Advanced Research Center (UTOPIA), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shuichi Kaneko
- Information-Based Medicine Development, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Takeharu Sakamoto
- Department of Cancer Biology, Institute of Biomedical Science, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan.
- Department of System Biology, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa, Japan.
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8
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He C, Gu J, Wang D, Wang K, Wang Y, You Q, Wang L. Small molecules targeting molecular chaperones for tau regulation: Achievements and challenges. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 261:115859. [PMID: 37839344 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Abnormal post-translational modification of microtubule-associated protein Tau (MAPT) is a prominent pathological feature in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Previous research has focused on designing small molecules to target Tau modification, aiming to restore microtubule stability and regulate Tau levels in vivo. However, progress has been hindered, and no effective Tau-targeted drugs have been successfully marketed, which urgently requires more strategies. Heat shock proteins (HSPs), especially Hsp90 and Hsp70, have been found to play a crucial role in Tau maturation and degradation. This review explores innovative approaches using small molecules that interact with the chaperone system to regulate Tau levels. We provide a comprehensive overview of the mechanisms involving HSPs and their co-chaperones in the Tau regulation cycle. Additionally, we analyze small molecules targeting these chaperone systems to modulate Tau function. By understanding the characteristics of the molecular chaperone system and its specific impact on Tau, we aim to provide a perspective that seeks to regulate Tau levels through the manipulation of the molecular chaperone system and ultimately develop effective treatments for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxi He
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Jinying Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Danni Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Keran Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Yuxuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Qidong You
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - Lei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
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9
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Peng S, Matts R, Deng J. Structural basis of the key residue W320 responsible for Hsp90 conformational change. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:9745-9755. [PMID: 36373326 PMCID: PMC10183053 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2022.2146197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The 90-kDa heat shock protein (Hsp90) is a homodimeric molecular chaperone with ATPase activity, which has become an intensely studied target for the development of drugs for the treatment of cancer, neurodegenerative and infectious diseases. The equilibrium between Hsp90 dimers and oligomers is important for modulating its function. In the absence of ATP, the passive chaperone activity of Hsp90 dimers and oligomers has been shown to stabilize client proteins as a holdase, which enhances substrate binding and prevents irreversible aggregation and precipitation of the substrate proteins. In the presence of ATP and its associated cochaperones, Hsp90 homodimers act as foldases with the binding and hydrolysis of ATP driving conformational changes that mediate client folding. Crystal structures of both wild type and W320A mutant Hsp90αMC (middle/C-terminal domain) have been determined, which displayed a preference for hexameric and dimeric states, respectively. Structural analysis showed that W320 is a key residue for Hsp90 oligomerization by forming intermolecular interactions at the Hsp90 hexameric interface through cation-π interactions with R367. W320A substitution results in the formation of a more open conformation of Hsp90, which has not previously been reported, and the induction of a conformational change in the catalytic loop. The structures provide new insights into the mechanism by which W320 functions as a key switch for conformational changes in Hsp90 self-oligomerization, and binding cochaperones and client proteins.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuxia Peng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular biology, Oklahoma State University, 246 Noble Research Center, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - Robert Matts
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular biology, Oklahoma State University, 246 Noble Research Center, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - Junpeng Deng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular biology, Oklahoma State University, 246 Noble Research Center, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
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10
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Chiosis G, Digwal CS, Trepel JB, Neckers L. Structural and functional complexity of HSP90 in cellular homeostasis and disease. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2023; 24:797-815. [PMID: 37524848 PMCID: PMC10592246 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-023-00640-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) is a chaperone with vital roles in regulating proteostasis, long recognized for its function in protein folding and maturation. A view is emerging that identifies HSP90 not as one protein that is structurally and functionally homogeneous but, rather, as a protein that is shaped by its environment. In this Review, we discuss evidence of multiple structural forms of HSP90 in health and disease, including homo-oligomers and hetero-oligomers, also termed epichaperomes, and examine the impact of stress, post-translational modifications and co-chaperones on their formation. We describe how these variations influence context-dependent functions of HSP90 as well as its interaction with other chaperones, co-chaperones and proteins, and how this structural complexity of HSP90 impacts and is impacted by its interaction with small molecule modulators. We close by discussing recent developments regarding the use of HSP90 inhibitors in cancer and how our new appreciation of the structural and functional heterogeneity of HSP90 invites a re-evaluation of how we discover and implement HSP90 therapeutics for disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Chiosis
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Chander S Digwal
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jane B Trepel
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Len Neckers
- Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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11
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Svirsky SE, Li Y, Henchir J, Rodina A, Carlson SW, Chiosis G, Dixon CE. Experimental traumatic brain injury increases epichaperome formation. Neurobiol Dis 2023; 188:106331. [PMID: 37863370 PMCID: PMC10698712 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Under normal conditions, heat shock proteins work in unison through dynamic protein interactions collectively referred to as the "chaperome." Recent work revealed that during cellular stress, the functional interactions of the chaperome are modified to form the "epichaperome," which results in improper protein folding, degradation, aggregation, and transport. This study is the first to investigate this novel mechanism of protein dishomeostasis in traumatic brain injury (TBI). Male and female adult, Sprague-Dawley rats received a lateral controlled cortical impact (CCI) and the ipsilateral hippocampus was collected 24 h 1, 2, and 4 weeks after injury. The epichaperome complex was visualized by measuring HSP90, HSC70 and HOP expression in native-PAGE and normalized to monomeric protein expression. A two-way ANOVA examined the effect of injury and sex at each time-point. Native HSP90, HSC70 and HOP protein expression showed a significant effect of injury effect across all time-points. Additionally, HSC70 and HOP showed significant sex effects at 24 h and 4 weeks. Altogether, controlled cortical impact significantly increased formation of the epichaperome across all proteins measured. Further investigation of this pathological mechanism can lead to a greater understanding of the link between TBI and increased risk of neurodegenerative disease and targeting the epichaperome for therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Svirsky
- Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Youming Li
- Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Jeremy Henchir
- Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Anna Rodina
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Shaun W Carlson
- Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Gabriela Chiosis
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
| | - C Edward Dixon
- Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; V.A. Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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12
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Guna A, Page KR, Replogle JM, Esantsi TK, Wang ML, Weissman JS, Voorhees RM. A dual sgRNA library design to probe genetic modifiers using genome-wide CRISPRi screens. BMC Genomics 2023; 24:651. [PMID: 37904134 PMCID: PMC10614335 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09754-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Mapping genetic interactions is essential for determining gene function and defining novel biological pathways. We report a simple to use CRISPR interference (CRISPRi) based platform, compatible with Fluorescence Activated Cell Sorting (FACS)-based reporter screens, to query epistatic relationships at scale. This is enabled by a flexible dual-sgRNA library design that allows for the simultaneous delivery and selection of a fixed sgRNA and a second randomized guide, comprised of a genome-wide library, with a single transduction. We use this approach to identify epistatic relationships for a defined biological pathway, showing both increased sensitivity and specificity than traditional growth screening approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Guna
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Ave, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Katharine R Page
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Ave, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - Joseph M Replogle
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Theodore K Esantsi
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Maxine L Wang
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Ave, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Jonathan S Weissman
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Rebecca M Voorhees
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Ave, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute Freeman Hrabowski Scholar, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA.
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13
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Sverchinsky DV, Alhasan BA, Mikeladze MA, Lazarev VF, Kuznetcova LS, Morshneva AV, Nikotina AD, Ziewanah A, Koludarova LV, Starkova TY, Margulis BA, Guzhova IV. Autocrine regulation of tumor cell repopulation by Hsp70-HMGB1 alarmin complex. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2023; 42:279. [PMID: 37880798 PMCID: PMC10598926 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-023-02857-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer recurrence is regulated by a variety of factors, among which is the material of dying tumor cells; it is suggested that remaining after anti-cancer therapy tumor cells receive a signal from proteins called damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), one of which is heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70). METHODS Two models of tumor repopulation were employed, based on minimal population of cancer cells and application of conditioned medium (CM). To deplete the CMs of Hsp70 affinity chromatography on ATP-agarose and immunoprecipitation were used. Cell proliferation and the dynamics of cell growth were measured using MTT assay and xCELLigence technology; cell growth markers were estimated using qPCR and with the aid of ELISA for prostaglandin E detection. Immunoprecipitation followed by mass-spectrometry was employed to identify Hsp70-binding proteins and protein-protein interaction assays were developed to reveal the above protein complexes. RESULTS It was found that CM of dying tumor cells contains tumor regrowth-initiating factors and the removal of one of them, Hsp70, caused a reduction in the relapse-activating capacity. The pull out of Hsp70 alone using ATP-agarose had no effect on repopulation, while the immunodepletion of Hsp70 dramatically reduced its repopulation activity. Using proteomic and immunochemical approaches, we showed that Hsp70 in conditioned medium binds and binds another abundant alarmin, the High Mobility Group B1 (HMGB1) protein; the complex is formed in tumor cells treated with anti-cancer drugs, persists in the cytosol and is further released from dying tumor cells. Recurrence-activating power of Hsp70-HMGB1 complex was proved by the enhanced expression of proliferation markers, Ki67, Aurka and MCM-10 as well as by increase of prostaglandin E production and autophagy activation. Accordingly, dissociating the complex with Hsp70 chaperone inhibitors significantly inhibited the pro-growth effects of the above complex, in both in vitro and in vivo tumor relapse models. CONCLUSIONS These data led us to suggest that the abundance of the Hsp70-HMGB1 complex in the extracellular matrix may serve as a novel marker of relapse state in cancer patients, while specific targeting of the complex may be promising in the treatment of cancers with a high risk of recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry V Sverchinsky
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Interaction, Institute of Cytology of Russian Academy of Sciences, Tikhoretsky prospect, 4, St. Petersburg, 194064, Russia
| | - Bashar A Alhasan
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Interaction, Institute of Cytology of Russian Academy of Sciences, Tikhoretsky prospect, 4, St. Petersburg, 194064, Russia
| | - Marina A Mikeladze
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Interaction, Institute of Cytology of Russian Academy of Sciences, Tikhoretsky prospect, 4, St. Petersburg, 194064, Russia
| | - Vladimir F Lazarev
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Interaction, Institute of Cytology of Russian Academy of Sciences, Tikhoretsky prospect, 4, St. Petersburg, 194064, Russia
| | - Liubov S Kuznetcova
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Interaction, Institute of Cytology of Russian Academy of Sciences, Tikhoretsky prospect, 4, St. Petersburg, 194064, Russia
| | - Alisa V Morshneva
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Interaction, Institute of Cytology of Russian Academy of Sciences, Tikhoretsky prospect, 4, St. Petersburg, 194064, Russia
| | - Alina D Nikotina
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Interaction, Institute of Cytology of Russian Academy of Sciences, Tikhoretsky prospect, 4, St. Petersburg, 194064, Russia
| | - Amr Ziewanah
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Interaction, Institute of Cytology of Russian Academy of Sciences, Tikhoretsky prospect, 4, St. Petersburg, 194064, Russia
- University of Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Straße 52, 67663, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Lidia V Koludarova
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Interaction, Institute of Cytology of Russian Academy of Sciences, Tikhoretsky prospect, 4, St. Petersburg, 194064, Russia
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 5, Biocenter 2, Helsinki, 00790, Finland
| | - Tatiana Y Starkova
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Interaction, Institute of Cytology of Russian Academy of Sciences, Tikhoretsky prospect, 4, St. Petersburg, 194064, Russia
| | - Boris A Margulis
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Interaction, Institute of Cytology of Russian Academy of Sciences, Tikhoretsky prospect, 4, St. Petersburg, 194064, Russia
| | - Irina V Guzhova
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Interaction, Institute of Cytology of Russian Academy of Sciences, Tikhoretsky prospect, 4, St. Petersburg, 194064, Russia.
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14
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Białopiotrowicz-Data E, Noyszewska-Kania M, Jabłońska E, Sewastianik T, Komar D, Dębek S, Garbicz F, Wojtas M, Szydłowski M, Polak A, Górniak P, Juszczyński P. SIRT1 and HSP90α feed-forward circuit safeguards chromosome segregation integrity in diffuse large B cell lymphomas. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:667. [PMID: 37816710 PMCID: PMC10564908 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-06186-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common aggressive non-Hodgkin lymphoma in adults, exhibiting highly heterogenous clinical behavior and complex molecular background. In addition to the genetic complexity, different DLBCL subsets exhibit phenotypic features independent of the genetic background. For example, a subset of DLBCLs is distinguished by increased oxidative phosphorylation and unique transcriptional features, including overexpression of certain mitochondrial genes and a molecular chaperone, heat shock protein HSP90α (termed "OxPhos" DLBCLs). In this study, we identified a feed-forward pathogenetic circuit linking HSP90α and SIRT1 in OxPhos DLBCLs. The expression of the inducible HSP90α isoform remains under SIRT1-mediated regulation. SIRT1 knockdown or chemical inhibition reduced HSP90α expression in a mechanism involving HSF1 transcription factor, whereas HSP90 inhibition reduced SIRT1 protein stability, indicating that HSP90 chaperones SIRT1. SIRT1-HSP90α interaction in DLBCL cells was confirmed by co-immunoprecipitation and proximity ligation assay (PLA). The number of SIRT1-HSP90α complexes in PLA was significantly higher in OxPhos- dependent than -independent cells. Importantly, SIRT1-HSP90α interactions in OxPhos DLBCLs markedly increased in mitosis, suggesting a specific role of the complex during this cell cycle phase. RNAi-mediated and chemical inhibition of SIRT1 and/or HSP90 significantly increased the number of cells with chromosome segregation errors (multipolar spindle formation, anaphase bridges and lagging chromosomes). Finally, chemical SIRT1 inhibitors induced dose-dependent cytotoxicity in OxPhos-dependent DLBCL cell lines and synergized with the HSP90 inhibitor. Taken together, our findings define a new OxPhos-DLBCL-specific pathogenetic loop involving SIRT1 and HSP90α that regulates chromosome dynamics during mitosis and may be exploited therapeutically.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Monika Noyszewska-Kania
- Department of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Jabłońska
- Department of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Sewastianik
- Department of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dorota Komar
- Department of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Sonia Dębek
- Department of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Filip Garbicz
- Department of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Wojtas
- Department of Diagnostic Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maciej Szydłowski
- Department of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Polak
- Department of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Patryk Górniak
- Department of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Przemysław Juszczyński
- Department of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw, Poland.
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15
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Sharma S, Joshi S, Kalidindi T, Digwal CS, Panchal P, Lee SG, Zanzonico P, Pillarsetty N, Chiosis G. Unraveling the Mechanism of Epichaperome Modulation by Zelavespib: Biochemical Insights on Target Occupancy and Extended Residence Time at the Site of Action. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2599. [PMID: 37892973 PMCID: PMC10604720 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11102599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Drugs with a long residence time at their target sites are often more efficacious in disease treatment. The mechanism, however, behind prolonged retention at the site of action is often difficult to understand for non-covalent agents. In this context, we focus on epichaperome agents, such as zelavespib and icapamespib, which maintain target binding for days despite rapid plasma clearance, minimal retention in non-diseased tissues, and rapid metabolism. They have shown significant therapeutic value in cancer and neurodegenerative diseases by disassembling epichaperomes, which are assemblies of tightly bound chaperones and other factors that serve as scaffolding platforms to pathologically rewire protein-protein interactions. To investigate their impact on epichaperomes in vivo, we conducted pharmacokinetic and target occupancy measurements for zelavespib and monitored epichaperome assemblies biochemically in a mouse model. Our findings provide evidence of the intricate mechanism through which zelavespib modulates epichaperomes in vivo. Initially, zelavespib becomes trapped when epichaperomes bound, a mechanism that results in epichaperome disassembly, with no change in the expression level of epichaperome constituents. We propose that the initial trapping stage of epichaperomes is a main contributing factor to the extended on-target residence time observed for this agent in clinical settings. Zelavespib's residence time in tumors seems to be dictated by target disassembly kinetics rather than by frank drug-target unbinding kinetics. The off-rate of zelavespib from epichaperomes is, therefore, much slower than anticipated from the recorded tumor pharmacokinetic profile or as determined in vitro using diluted systems. This research sheds light on the underlying processes that make epichaperome agents effective in the treatment of certain diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahil Sharma
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA (S.J.); (C.S.D.); (P.P.)
| | - Suhasini Joshi
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA (S.J.); (C.S.D.); (P.P.)
| | - Teja Kalidindi
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; (T.K.); (S.-G.L.); (P.Z.)
| | - Chander S. Digwal
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA (S.J.); (C.S.D.); (P.P.)
| | - Palak Panchal
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA (S.J.); (C.S.D.); (P.P.)
| | - Sang-Gyu Lee
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; (T.K.); (S.-G.L.); (P.Z.)
| | - Pat Zanzonico
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; (T.K.); (S.-G.L.); (P.Z.)
| | - Nagavarakishore Pillarsetty
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; (T.K.); (S.-G.L.); (P.Z.)
| | - Gabriela Chiosis
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA (S.J.); (C.S.D.); (P.P.)
- Breast Cancer Medicine Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
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16
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Carter BZ, Mak PY, Muftuoglu M, Tao W, Ke B, Pei J, Bedoy AD, Ostermann LB, Nishida Y, Isgandarova S, Sobieski M, Nguyen N, Powell RT, Martinez-Moczygemba M, Stephan C, Basyal M, Pemmaraju N, Boettcher S, Ebert BL, Shpall EJ, Wallner B, Morgan RA, Karras GI, Moll UM, Andreeff M. Epichaperome inhibition targets TP53-mutant AML and AML stem/progenitor cells. Blood 2023; 142:1056-1070. [PMID: 37339579 PMCID: PMC10656725 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2022019047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023] Open
Abstract
TP 53-mutant acute myeloid leukemia (AML) remains the ultimate therapeutic challenge. Epichaperomes, formed in malignant cells, consist of heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) and associated proteins that support the maturation, activity, and stability of oncogenic kinases and transcription factors including mutant p53. High-throughput drug screening identified HSP90 inhibitors as top hits in isogenic TP53-wild-type (WT) and -mutant AML cells. We detected epichaperomes in AML cells and stem/progenitor cells with TP53 mutations but not in healthy bone marrow (BM) cells. Hence, we investigated the therapeutic potential of specifically targeting epichaperomes with PU-H71 in TP53-mutant AML based on its preferred binding to HSP90 within epichaperomes. PU-H71 effectively suppressed cell intrinsic stress responses and killed AML cells, primarily by inducing apoptosis; targeted TP53-mutant stem/progenitor cells; and prolonged survival of TP53-mutant AML xenograft and patient-derived xenograft models, but it had minimal effects on healthy human BM CD34+ cells or on murine hematopoiesis. PU-H71 decreased MCL-1 and multiple signal proteins, increased proapoptotic Bcl-2-like protein 11 levels, and synergized with BCL-2 inhibitor venetoclax in TP53-mutant AML. Notably, PU-H71 effectively killed TP53-WT and -mutant cells in isogenic TP53-WT/TP53-R248W Molm13 cell mixtures, whereas MDM2 or BCL-2 inhibition only reduced TP53-WT but favored the outgrowth of TP53-mutant cells. Venetoclax enhanced the killing of both TP53-WT and -mutant cells by PU-H71 in a xenograft model. Our data suggest that epichaperome function is essential for TP53-mutant AML growth and survival and that its inhibition targets mutant AML and stem/progenitor cells, enhances venetoclax activity, and prevents the outgrowth of venetoclax-resistant TP53-mutant AML clones. These concepts warrant clinical evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Z. Carter
- Department of Leukemia, Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Po Yee Mak
- Department of Leukemia, Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Muharrem Muftuoglu
- Department of Leukemia, Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Wenjing Tao
- Department of Leukemia, Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Baozhen Ke
- Department of Leukemia, Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Jingqi Pei
- Department of Leukemia, Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Andrea D. Bedoy
- Department of Leukemia, Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Lauren B. Ostermann
- Department of Leukemia, Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Yuki Nishida
- Department of Leukemia, Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Sevinj Isgandarova
- Center for Infectious and Inflammatory Disease, Texas A&M University, Institute of Bioscience and Technology, Houston, TX
| | - Mary Sobieski
- Center for Translational Cancer Research, Texas A&M University, Institute of Bioscience and Technology, Houston, TX
| | - Nghi Nguyen
- Center for Translational Cancer Research, Texas A&M University, Institute of Bioscience and Technology, Houston, TX
| | - Reid T. Powell
- Center for Translational Cancer Research, Texas A&M University, Institute of Bioscience and Technology, Houston, TX
| | - Margarita Martinez-Moczygemba
- Center for Infectious and Inflammatory Disease, Texas A&M University, Institute of Bioscience and Technology, Houston, TX
| | - Clifford Stephan
- Center for Translational Cancer Research, Texas A&M University, Institute of Bioscience and Technology, Houston, TX
| | - Mahesh Basyal
- Department of Leukemia, Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Naveen Pemmaraju
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Steffen Boettcher
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Benjamin L. Ebert
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | - Elizabeth J. Shpall
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | | | | | - Georgios I. Karras
- Department of Genetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
- Genetics and Epigenetics Graduate Program, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, UTHealth Houston Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX
| | - Ute M. Moll
- Department of Pathology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY
| | - Michael Andreeff
- Department of Leukemia, Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
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17
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Li S, Adams PD. Targeting the epichaperome to combat AML. Blood 2023; 142:1031-1032. [PMID: 37733379 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2023021386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sha Li
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute
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18
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Patwardhan CA, Kommalapati VK, Llbiyi T, Singh D, Alfa E, Horuzsko A, Korkaya H, Panda S, Reilly CA, Popik V, Chadli A. Capsaicin binds the N-terminus of Hsp90, induces lysosomal degradation of Hsp70, and enhances the anti-tumor effects of 17-AAG (Tanespimycin). Sci Rep 2023; 13:13790. [PMID: 37612326 PMCID: PMC10447550 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-40933-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) and its co-chaperones promote cancer, and targeting Hsp90 holds promise for cancer treatment. Most of the efforts to harness this potential have focused on targeting the Hsp90 N-terminus ATP binding site. Although newer-generation inhibitors have shown improved efficacy in aggressive cancers, induction of the cellular heat shock response (HSR) by these inhibitors is thought to limit their clinical efficacy. Therefore, Hsp90 inhibitors with novel mechanisms of action and that do not trigger the HSR would be advantageous. Here, we investigated the mechanism by which capsaicin inhibits Hsp90. Through mutagenesis, chemical modifications, and proteomic studies, we show that capsaicin binds to the N-terminus of Hsp90 and inhibits its ATPase activity. Consequently, capsaicin and its analogs inhibit Hsp90 ATPase-dependent progesterone receptor reconstitution in vitro. Capsaicin did not induce the HSR, instead, it promoted the degradation of Hsp70 through the lysosome-autophagy pathway. Remarkably, capsaicin did not induce degradation of the constitutively expressed cognate Hsc70, indicating selectivity for Hsp70. Combined treatments of capsaicin and the Hsp90 inhibitor 17-AAG improved the anti-tumor efficacy of 17-AAG in cell culture and tridimensional tumor spheroid growth assays using breast and prostate cancer models. Consistent with this, in silico docking studies revealed that capsaicin binding to the ATP binding site of Hsp90 was distinct from classical N-terminus Hsp90 inhibitors, indicating a novel mechanism of action. Collectively, these findings support the use of capsaicin as a chemical scaffold to develop novel Hsp90 N-terminus inhibitors as well as its ability to be a potential cancer co-therapeutic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaitanya A Patwardhan
- Georgia Cancer Center at Augusta University (Formerly Medical College of Georgia), 1410 Laney Walker Blvd, CN-3313, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Vamsi Krishna Kommalapati
- Georgia Cancer Center at Augusta University (Formerly Medical College of Georgia), 1410 Laney Walker Blvd, CN-3313, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Taoufik Llbiyi
- Georgia Cancer Center at Augusta University (Formerly Medical College of Georgia), 1410 Laney Walker Blvd, CN-3313, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Digvijay Singh
- Georgia Cancer Center at Augusta University (Formerly Medical College of Georgia), 1410 Laney Walker Blvd, CN-3313, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Eyad Alfa
- Georgia Cancer Center at Augusta University (Formerly Medical College of Georgia), 1410 Laney Walker Blvd, CN-3313, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Anatolij Horuzsko
- Georgia Cancer Center at Augusta University (Formerly Medical College of Georgia), 1410 Laney Walker Blvd, CN-3313, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Hasan Korkaya
- Georgia Cancer Center at Augusta University (Formerly Medical College of Georgia), 1410 Laney Walker Blvd, CN-3313, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Siva Panda
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Christopher A Reilly
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center for Human Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Vladimir Popik
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Ahmed Chadli
- Georgia Cancer Center at Augusta University (Formerly Medical College of Georgia), 1410 Laney Walker Blvd, CN-3313, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA.
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19
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Woodford MR, Bourboulia D, Mollapour M. Epichaperomics reveals dysfunctional chaperone protein networks. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5084. [PMID: 37607923 PMCID: PMC10444821 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40713-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mark R Woodford
- Department of Urology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA.
- Upstate Cancer Center, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA.
| | - Dimitra Bourboulia
- Department of Urology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA.
- Upstate Cancer Center, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA.
| | - Mehdi Mollapour
- Department of Urology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA.
- Upstate Cancer Center, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA.
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20
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Guna A, Page KR, Replogle JM, Esantsi TK, Wang ML, Weissman JS, Voorhees RM. A dual sgRNA library design to probe genetic modifiers using genome-wide CRISPRi screens. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.01.22.525086. [PMID: 36711738 PMCID: PMC9882262 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.22.525086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Mapping genetic interactions is essential for determining gene function and defining novel biological pathways. We report a simple to use CRISPR interference (CRISPRi) based platform, compatible with Fluorescence Activated Cell Sorting (FACS)-based reporter screens, to query epistatic relationships at scale. This is enabled by a flexible dual-sgRNA library design that allows for the simultaneous delivery and selection of a fixed sgRNA and a second randomized guide, comprised of a genome-wide library, with a single transduction. We use this approach to identify epistatic relationships for a defined biological pathway, showing both increased sensitivity and specificity than traditional growth screening approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Guna
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Ave., Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Katharine R Page
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Ave., Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Joseph M Replogle
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Theodore K Esantsi
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Maxine L Wang
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Ave., Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Jonathan S Weissman
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA,02142, USA
| | - Rebecca M Voorhees
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Ave., Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
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21
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Castelli M, Yan P, Rodina A, Digwal CS, Panchal P, Chiosis G, Moroni E, Colombo G. How aberrant N-glycosylation can alter protein functionality and ligand binding: An atomistic view. Structure 2023; 31:987-1004.e8. [PMID: 37343552 PMCID: PMC10526633 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2023.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
Protein-assembly defects due to an enrichment of aberrant conformational protein variants are emerging as a new frontier in therapeutics design. Understanding the structural elements that rewire the conformational dynamics of proteins and pathologically perturb functionally oriented ensembles is important for inhibitor development. Chaperones are hub proteins for the assembly of multiprotein complexes and an enrichment of aberrant conformers can affect the cellular proteome, and in turn, phenotypes. Here, we integrate computational and experimental tools to investigte how N-glycosylation of specific residues in glucose-regulated protein 94 (GRP94) modulates internal dynamics and alters the conformational fitness of regions fundamental for the interaction with ATP and synthetic ligands and impacts substructures important for the recognition of interacting proteins. N-glycosylation plays an active role in modulating the energy landscape of GRP94, and we provide support for leveraging the knowledge on distinct glycosylation variants to design molecules targeting GRP94 disease-associated conformational states and assemblies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Castelli
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, via Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Pengrong Yan
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Anna Rodina
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Chander S Digwal
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Palak Panchal
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Gabriela Chiosis
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA.
| | | | - Giorgio Colombo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, via Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
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22
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Que NLS, Seidler PM, Aw WJ, Chiosis G, Gewirth DT. Selective inhibition of hsp90 paralogs: Structure and binding studies uncover the role of helix 1 in Grp94-selective ligand binding. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.07.31.551342. [PMID: 37577523 PMCID: PMC10418071 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.31.551342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Grp94 is the endoplasmic reticulum paralog of the hsp90 family of chaperones, which have been targeted for therapeutic intervention via their highly conserved ATP binding sites. The design of paralog-selective inhibitors relies on understanding the structural elements that mediate each paralog's response to inhibitor binding. Here, we determined the structures of Grp94 and Hsp90 in complex with the Grp94-selective inhibitor PU-H36, and of Grp94 with the non-selective inhibitor PU-H71. In Grp94, the 8-aryl moiety of PU-H36 is inserted into Site 2, a conditionally available side pocket, but in Hsp90 it occupies Site 1, a non-selective side pocket that is accessible in all hsp90 paralogs. The structure of Grp94 in complex with the non-selective PU-H71 shows only Site 1 binding. Large conformational shifts involving helices 1, 4 and 5 of the N-terminal domain of Grp94 are associated with the engagement of the Site 2 pocket for ligand binding. To understand the origins of Site 2 pocket engagement, we tested the binding of Grp94-selective ligands to chimeric Grp94/Hsp90 constructs. These studies show that helix 1 of the Grp94 N-terminal domain is the discriminating element that allows for remodeling of the ATP binding pocket and exposure of the Site 2 selective pocket.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paul M. Seidler
- Hauptman Woodward Medical Research Institute, Buffalo, NY 14203
| | - Wen J. Aw
- Hauptman Woodward Medical Research Institute, Buffalo, NY 14203
| | - Gabriela Chiosis
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065
| | - Daniel T. Gewirth
- Hauptman Woodward Medical Research Institute, Buffalo, NY 14203
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center Buffalo, NY 14263
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23
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Zhang G, Feng Z, Zeng Q, Huang P. Exploring Cancer Dependency Map genes and immune subtypes in colon cancer, in which TIGD1 contributes to colon cancer progression. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 15:6400-6428. [PMID: 37441804 PMCID: PMC10373975 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumour-dependent genes identified in CRISPR-Cas9 screens have been widely reported in Cancer Dependency Maps (CDMs). CDM-derived tumour-dependent genes play an important role in tumorigenesis and progression; however, they have not been investigated in colon cancer (CC). METHODS CDM genes overexpressed in CC were identified from the TCGA-COAD dataset and CDM platform. A CDM signature and prognostic nomogram were constructed by Lasso Cox regression and multivariate Cox analyses. A weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA) and consensus clustering were used to define coexpressed genes with CDM risk scores and to determine two new immune subtypes. A comprehensive investigation was performed between the two subtypes and immune regulation, the immune microenvironment and the impact of immunotherapy. RESULTS First, 1304 overexpressed CDM genes were identified. Then, a CDM signature with five cancer-dependent genes (MMS19, NOP14, POLRMT, SNAPC5 and TIGD1) and a prognostic nomogram were constructed, and they demonstrated robust predictive performance and a close relationship with clinical characteristics in different CC datasets. Patients with high CDM risk scores showed worse survival outcome and weaker response to chemotherapy. Additionally, TIGD1 genes were oncogenes that affected the CC cell cycle, according to cell functional experiments that involved the suppression of the TIGD1 gene. Furthermore, WGCNA and consensus clustering were used to define coexpressed genes with CDM risk scores and to determine two new immune subtypes. Finally, systematic investigations were conducted with the relationship between the CDM subtypes and immune regulation. CONCLUSIONS This study constructed a CDM signature consisting of five risk genes that predict survival in CC patients. In addition, the immune subtypes provided valuable insights into immunotherapy for CC patients. TIGD1, as an oncogene, is independent prognostic factors for CC, and contributes to CC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoyang Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Medical Innovation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Zongfeng Feng
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Medical Innovation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Qingwen Zeng
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Medical Innovation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Ping Huang
- Department of Nutrition, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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24
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Binder MJ, Pedley AM. The roles of molecular chaperones in regulating cell metabolism. FEBS Lett 2023; 597:1681-1701. [PMID: 37287189 PMCID: PMC10984649 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Fluctuations in nutrient and biomass availability, often as a result of disease, impart metabolic challenges that must be overcome in order to sustain cell survival and promote proliferation. Cells adapt to these environmental changes and stresses by adjusting their metabolic networks through a series of regulatory mechanisms. Our understanding of these rewiring events has largely been focused on those genetic transformations that alter protein expression and the biochemical mechanisms that change protein behavior, such as post-translational modifications and metabolite-based allosteric modulators. Mounting evidence suggests that a class of proteome surveillance proteins called molecular chaperones also can influence metabolic processes. Here, we summarize several ways the Hsp90 and Hsp70 chaperone families act on human metabolic enzymes and their supramolecular assemblies to change enzymatic activities and metabolite flux. We further highlight how these chaperones can assist in the translocation and degradation of metabolic enzymes. Collectively, these studies provide a new view for how metabolic processes are regulated to meet cellular demand and inspire new avenues for therapeutic intervention.
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25
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Rodina A, Xu C, Digwal CS, Joshi S, Patel Y, Santhaseela AR, Bay S, Merugu S, Alam A, Yan P, Yang C, Roychowdhury T, Panchal P, Shrestha L, Kang Y, Sharma S, Almodovar J, Corben A, Alpaugh ML, Modi S, Guzman ML, Fei T, Taldone T, Ginsberg SD, Erdjument-Bromage H, Neubert TA, Manova-Todorova K, Tsou MFB, Young JC, Wang T, Chiosis G. Systems-level analyses of protein-protein interaction network dysfunctions via epichaperomics identify cancer-specific mechanisms of stress adaptation. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3742. [PMID: 37353488 PMCID: PMC10290137 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39241-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Systems-level assessments of protein-protein interaction (PPI) network dysfunctions are currently out-of-reach because approaches enabling proteome-wide identification, analysis, and modulation of context-specific PPI changes in native (unengineered) cells and tissues are lacking. Herein, we take advantage of chemical binders of maladaptive scaffolding structures termed epichaperomes and develop an epichaperome-based 'omics platform, epichaperomics, to identify PPI alterations in disease. We provide multiple lines of evidence, at both biochemical and functional levels, demonstrating the importance of these probes to identify and study PPI network dysfunctions and provide mechanistically and therapeutically relevant proteome-wide insights. As proof-of-principle, we derive systems-level insight into PPI dysfunctions of cancer cells which enabled the discovery of a context-dependent mechanism by which cancer cells enhance the fitness of mitotic protein networks. Importantly, our systems levels analyses support the use of epichaperome chemical binders as therapeutic strategies aimed at normalizing PPI networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Rodina
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Chao Xu
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Chander S Digwal
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Suhasini Joshi
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Yogita Patel
- Department of Biochemistry, Groupe de Recherche Axé sur la Structure des Protéines, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3G 0B1, Canada
| | - Anand R Santhaseela
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Sadik Bay
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Swathi Merugu
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Aftab Alam
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Pengrong Yan
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Chenghua Yang
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tanaya Roychowdhury
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Palak Panchal
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Liza Shrestha
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Yanlong Kang
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Sahil Sharma
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Justina Almodovar
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Adriana Corben
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Maimonides Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Mary L Alpaugh
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ, USA
| | - Shanu Modi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Solid Tumors, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Monica L Guzman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology Oncology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Teng Fei
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Tony Taldone
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Stephen D Ginsberg
- Departments of Psychiatry, Neuroscience & Physiology & the NYU Neuroscience Institute, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
- Center for Dementia Research, Nathan Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY, 10962, USA
| | - Hediye Erdjument-Bromage
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology and Neuroscience Institute, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Thomas A Neubert
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology and Neuroscience Institute, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Katia Manova-Todorova
- Cell Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Meng-Fu Bryan Tsou
- Cell Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Jason C Young
- Department of Biochemistry, Groupe de Recherche Axé sur la Structure des Protéines, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3G 0B1, Canada
| | - Tai Wang
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
| | - Gabriela Chiosis
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Division of Solid Tumors, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
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26
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Kotler JLM, Street TO. Mechanisms of Protein Quality Control in the Endoplasmic Reticulum by a Coordinated Hsp40-Hsp70-Hsp90 System. Annu Rev Biophys 2023; 52:509-524. [PMID: 37159299 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-biophys-111622-091309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The Hsp40, Hsp70, and Hsp90 chaperone families are ancient, highly conserved, and critical to cellular protein homeostasis. Hsp40 chaperones can transfer their protein clients to Hsp70, and Hsp70 can transfer clients to Hsp90, but the functional benefits of these transfers are unclear. Recent structural and mechanistic work has opened up the possibility of uncovering how Hsp40, Hsp70, and Hsp90 work together as unified system. In this review, we compile mechanistic data on the ER J-domain protein 3 (ERdj3) (an Hsp40), BiP (an Hsp70), and Grp94 (an Hsp90) chaperones within the endoplasmic reticulum; what is known about how these chaperones work together; and gaps in this understanding. Using calculations, we examine how client transfer could impact the solubilization of aggregates, the folding of soluble proteins, and the triage decisions by which proteins are targeted for degradation. The proposed roles of client transfer among Hsp40-Hsp70-Hsp90 chaperones are new hypotheses, and we discuss potential experimental tests of these ideas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judy L M Kotler
- Department of Biochemistry, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts, USA;
| | - Timothy O Street
- Department of Biochemistry, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts, USA;
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27
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Herrejon Chavez F, Luo H, Cifani P, Pine A, Chu KL, Joshi S, Barin E, Schurer A, Chan M, Chang K, Han GYQ, Pierson AJ, Xiao M, Yang X, Kuehm LM, Hong Y, Nguyen DTT, Chiosis G, Kentsis A, Leslie C, Vu LP, Kharas MG. RNA binding protein SYNCRIP maintains proteostasis and self-renewal of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2290. [PMID: 37085479 PMCID: PMC10121618 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38001-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue homeostasis is maintained after stress by engaging and activating the hematopoietic stem and progenitor compartments in the blood. Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are essential for long-term repopulation after secondary transplantation. Here, using a conditional knockout mouse model, we revealed that the RNA-binding protein SYNCRIP is required for maintenance of blood homeostasis especially after regenerative stress due to defects in HSCs and progenitors. Mechanistically, we find that SYNCRIP loss results in a failure to maintain proteome homeostasis that is essential for HSC maintenance. SYNCRIP depletion results in increased protein synthesis, a dysregulated epichaperome, an accumulation of misfolded proteins and induces endoplasmic reticulum stress. Additionally, we find that SYNCRIP is required for translation of CDC42 RHO-GTPase, and loss of SYNCRIP results in defects in polarity, asymmetric segregation, and dilution of unfolded proteins. Forced expression of CDC42 recovers polarity and in vitro replating activities of HSCs. Taken together, we uncovered a post-transcriptional regulatory program that safeguards HSC self-renewal capacity and blood homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florisela Herrejon Chavez
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Gerstner Sloan Kettering Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hanzhi Luo
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Paolo Cifani
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA
| | - Alli Pine
- Computational Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Karen L Chu
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell School of Medical Sciences, New York, NY, USA
| | - Suhasini Joshi
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ersilia Barin
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Pharmacology Program of the Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medicine Sciences, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alexandra Schurer
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mandy Chan
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kathryn Chang
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Grace Y Q Han
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Aspen J Pierson
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michael Xiao
- Weill Cornell/Rockefeller/Sloan Kettering Tri-Institutional MD-PhD Program, New York, NY, USA
| | - Xuejing Yang
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Yuning Hong
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, 3086, Australia
| | - Diu T T Nguyen
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Centre for Haemato-Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Gabriela Chiosis
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alex Kentsis
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Tow Center for Developmental Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Departments of Pediatrics, Pharmacology, and Physiology & Biophysics, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Christina Leslie
- Computational Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ly P Vu
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
- Terry Fox Laboratory, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
| | - Michael G Kharas
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
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28
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Alhasan B, Mikeladze M, Guzhova I, Margulis B. Autophagy, molecular chaperones, and unfolded protein response as promoters of tumor recurrence. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2023; 42:217-254. [PMID: 36723697 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-023-10085-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Tumor recurrence is a paradoxical function of a machinery, whereby a small proportion of the cancer cell population enters a resistant, dormant state, persists long-term in this condition, and then transitions to proliferation. The dormant phenotype is typical of cancer stem cells, tumor-initiating cells, disseminated tumor cells, and drug-tolerant persisters, which all demonstrate similar or even equivalent properties. Cancer cell dormancy and its conversion to repopulation are regulated by several protein signaling systems that inhibit or induce cell proliferation and provide optimal interrelations between cancer cells and their special niche; these systems act in close connection with tumor microenvironment and immune response mechanisms. During dormancy and reawakening periods, cell proteostasis machineries, autophagy, molecular chaperones, and the unfolded protein response are recruited to protect refractory tumor cells from a wide variety of stressors and therapeutic insults. Proteostasis mechanisms functionally or even physically interfere with the main regulators of tumor relapse, and the significance of these interactions and implications in the tumor recurrence phases are discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bashar Alhasan
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tikhoretsky Ave. 4, 194064, St. Petersburg, Russia.
| | - Marina Mikeladze
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tikhoretsky Ave. 4, 194064, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Irina Guzhova
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tikhoretsky Ave. 4, 194064, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Boris Margulis
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tikhoretsky Ave. 4, 194064, St. Petersburg, Russia
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29
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Synthetic Small Molecule Modulators of Hsp70 and Hsp40 Chaperones as Promising Anticancer Agents. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24044083. [PMID: 36835501 PMCID: PMC9964478 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24044083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
A class of chaperones dubbed heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) possesses high relevance in cancer diseases due to its cooperative activity with the well-established anticancer target Hsp90. However, Hsp70 is closely connected with a smaller heat shock protein, Hsp40, forming a formidable Hsp70-Hsp40 axis in various cancers, which serves as a suitable target for anticancer drug design. This review summarizes the current state and the recent developments in the field of (semi-)synthetic small molecule inhibitors directed against Hsp70 and Hsp40. The medicinal chemistry and anticancer potential of pertinent inhibitors are discussed. Since Hsp90 inhibitors have entered clinical trials but have exhibited severe adverse effects and drug resistance formation, potent Hsp70 and Hsp40 inhibitors may play a significant role in overcoming the drawbacks of Hsp90 inhibitors and other approved anticancer drugs.
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30
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Samant RS, Batista S, Larance M, Ozer B, Milton CI, Bludau I, Wu E, Biggins L, Andrews S, Hervieu A, Johnston HE, Al-Lazikhani B, Lamond AI, Clarke PA, Workman P. Native Size-Exclusion Chromatography-Based Mass Spectrometry Reveals New Components of the Early Heat Shock Protein 90 Inhibition Response Among Limited Global Changes. Mol Cell Proteomics 2023; 22:100485. [PMID: 36549590 PMCID: PMC9898794 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcpro.2022.100485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular chaperone heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) works in concert with co-chaperones to stabilize its client proteins, which include multiple drivers of oncogenesis and malignant progression. Pharmacologic inhibitors of HSP90 have been observed to exert a wide range of effects on the proteome, including depletion of client proteins, induction of heat shock proteins, dissociation of co-chaperones from HSP90, disruption of client protein signaling networks, and recruitment of the protein ubiquitylation and degradation machinery-suggesting widespread remodeling of cellular protein complexes. However, proteomics studies to date have focused on inhibitor-induced changes in total protein levels, often overlooking protein complex alterations. Here, we use size-exclusion chromatography in combination with mass spectrometry (SEC-MS) to characterize the early changes in native protein complexes following treatment with the HSP90 inhibitor tanespimycin (17-AAG) for 8 h in the HT29 colon adenocarcinoma cell line. After confirming the signature cellular response to HSP90 inhibition (e.g., induction of heat shock proteins, decreased total levels of client proteins), we were surprised to find only modest perturbations to the global distribution of protein elution profiles in inhibitor-treated HT29 cells at this relatively early time-point. Similarly, co-chaperones that co-eluted with HSP90 displayed no clear difference between control and treated conditions. However, two distinct analysis strategies identified multiple inhibitor-induced changes, including known and unknown components of the HSP90-dependent proteome. We validate two of these-the actin-binding protein Anillin and the mitochondrial isocitrate dehydrogenase 3 complex-as novel HSP90 inhibitor-modulated proteins. We present this dataset as a resource for the HSP90, proteostasis, and cancer communities (https://www.bioinformatics.babraham.ac.uk/shiny/HSP90/SEC-MS/), laying the groundwork for future mechanistic and therapeutic studies related to HSP90 pharmacology. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD033459.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul S Samant
- Centre for Cancer Drug Discovery, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom; Signalling Programme, The Babraham Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
| | - Silvia Batista
- Centre for Cancer Drug Discovery, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Larance
- Centre for Gene Regulation & Expression, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Bugra Ozer
- Centre for Cancer Drug Discovery, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher I Milton
- Centre for Cancer Drug Discovery, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Isabell Bludau
- Department of Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Estelle Wu
- Signalling Programme, The Babraham Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Laura Biggins
- Bioinformatics Group, The Babraham Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Andrews
- Bioinformatics Group, The Babraham Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Alexia Hervieu
- Centre for Cancer Drug Discovery, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Harvey E Johnston
- Signalling Programme, The Babraham Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Bissan Al-Lazikhani
- Centre for Cancer Drug Discovery, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom; Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Angus I Lamond
- Centre for Gene Regulation & Expression, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Paul A Clarke
- Centre for Cancer Drug Discovery, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Workman
- Centre for Cancer Drug Discovery, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom.
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31
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Cools R, Vermeulen K, Narykina V, Leitao RCF, Bormans G. Radiosynthesis and preclinical evaluation of [ 11C]SNX-ab as an Hsp90α,β isoform-selective PET probe for in vivo brain and tumour imaging. EJNMMI Radiopharm Chem 2023; 8:2. [PMID: 36715827 PMCID: PMC9886718 DOI: 10.1186/s41181-023-00189-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The molecular chaperone, Hsp90, is a key player in the protein quality control system that maintains homeostasis under cellular stress conditions. It is a homodimer with ATP-dependent activity, and is a prominent member of the chaperone machinery that stabilizes, matures and (re)folds an extensive list of client proteins. Hsp90 occurs as four isoforms, cytosolic Hsp90α and Hsp90β, mitochondrial TRAP1 and Grp94 present in the endoplasmic reticulum. An aberrant role of Hsp90 has been attributed to several cancers and neurodegenerative disorders. Consequently, Hsp90 has emerged as an attractive therapeutic target. However, pan-Hsp90 inhibition often leads to detrimental dose-limiting toxicities. Novel strategies for Hsp90-targeted therapy intend to avoid this by using isoform-specific Hsp90 inhibition. In this respect, the radiosynthesis of carbon-11 labeled SNX-ab was developed and [11C]SNX-ab was evaluated as a Hsp90α,β isoform-selective PET probe, which could potentially allow to quantify in vivo Hsp90α,β expression. RESULTS [11C]SNX-ab was synthesized with excellent radiochemical yields of 45% and high radiochemical purity (> 98%). In vitro autoradiography studies on tissue slices of healthy mouse brain, mouse B16.F10 melanoma and U87 glioblastoma using homologous (SNX-ab, SNX-0723) and heterologous (Onalespib and PU-H71) Hsp90 inhibitors demonstrated only limited reduction of tracer binding, indicating that the binding of [11C]SNX-ab was not fully Hsp90-specific. Similarly, [11C]SNX-ab binding to U87 cells was not efficiently inhibited by Hsp90 inhibitors. Ex vivo biodistribution studies in healthy mice revealed limited brain exposure of [11C]SNX-ab and predominantly hepatobiliary clearance, which was confirmed by in vivo full-body dynamic µPET studies. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that [11C]SNX-ab is not an ideal probe for in vivo visualization and quantification of Hsp90α/β expression levels in tumour and brain. Future research in the development of next-generation Hsp90 isoform-selective PET tracers is warranted to dissect the role played by each isoform towards disease pathology and support the development of subtype-specific Hsp90 therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romy Cools
- grid.5596.f0000 0001 0668 7884Laboratory for Radiopharmaceutical Research, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Koen Vermeulen
- grid.5596.f0000 0001 0668 7884Laboratory for Radiopharmaceutical Research, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium ,grid.8953.70000 0000 9332 3503NURA, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK CEN), 2400 Mol, Belgium
| | - Valeria Narykina
- grid.511015.1Switch Laboratory, VIB Center for Brain and Disease Research, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium ,grid.5596.f0000 0001 0668 7884Switch Laboratory, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Renan C. F. Leitao
- grid.5596.f0000 0001 0668 7884Laboratory for Radiopharmaceutical Research, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Guy Bormans
- grid.5596.f0000 0001 0668 7884Laboratory for Radiopharmaceutical Research, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
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32
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Keegan BM, Blagg BSJ. A Split Renilla Luciferase Complementation Assay for the Evaluation of Hsp90/Aha1 Complex Disruptors and Their Activity at the Aha1 C-Terminal Domain. ACS Chem Biol 2023; 18:184-192. [PMID: 36516069 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.2c00854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Disruption of interactions between Hsp90 and the cochaperone protein, Aha1, has emerged as a therapeutic strategy to inhibit Aha1-driven cancer metastasis and tau aggregation in models of tauopathy. A combination of split Renilla luciferase assays was developed to screen and quantify the ability of small molecules to disrupt interactions between Hsp90 and both full length Aha1 protein (Aha1-FL) and the Aha1 C-terminal domain (Aha1-CTD). This luminescence-based approach was used to identify withaferin A and gedunin as disruptors of Hsp90/Aha1 interactions and provided insight into the binding regions for gambogic acid and gedunin on the Hsp90 homodimer. All compounds tested that disrupted Hsp90/Aha1-CTD interactions were found to disrupt interactions between Hsp90 and Aha1-FL, suggesting that interactions between Hsp90 and the Aha1-CTD play a key role in the stability of Hsp90/Aha1 complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley M Keegan
- Warren Center for Drug Discovery, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, 310 McCourtney Hall, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Brian S J Blagg
- Warren Center for Drug Discovery, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, 310 McCourtney Hall, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
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33
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Ambrose AJ, Sivinski J, Zerio CJ, Zhu X, Godek J, Kumirov VK, Coma Brujas T, Torra Garcia J, Annadurai A, Schmidlin CJ, Werner A, Shi T, Zavareh RB, Lairson L, Zhang DD, Chapman E. Discovery and Development of a Selective Inhibitor of the ER Resident Chaperone Grp78. J Med Chem 2023; 66:677-694. [PMID: 36516003 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c01631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A recent study illustrated that a fluorescence polarization assay can be used to identify substrate-competitive Hsp70 inhibitors that can be isoform-selective. Herein, we use that assay in a moderate-throughput screen and report the discovery of a druglike amino-acid-based inhibitor with reasonable specificity for the endoplasmic reticular Hsp70, Grp78. Using traditional medicinal chemistry approaches, the potency and selectivity were further optimized through structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies in parallel assays for six of the human Hsp70 isoforms. The top compounds were all tested against a panel of cancer cell lines and disappointingly showed little effect. The top-performing compound, 8, was retested using a series of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-inducing agents and found to synergize with these agents. Finally, 8 was tested in a spheroid tumor model and found to be more potent than in two-dimensional models. The optimized Grp78 inhibitors are the first reported isoform-selective small-molecule-competitive inhibitors of an Hsp70-substrate interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Ambrose
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, R. Ken Coit College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona85721, United States
| | - Jared Sivinski
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, R. Ken Coit College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona85721, United States
| | - Christopher J Zerio
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, R. Ken Coit College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona85721, United States
| | - Xiaoyi Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, R. Ken Coit College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona85721, United States
| | - Jack Godek
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, R. Ken Coit College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona85721, United States
| | - Vlad K Kumirov
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona85719, United States
| | - Teresa Coma Brujas
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, R. Ken Coit College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona85721, United States
| | - Joan Torra Garcia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, R. Ken Coit College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona85721, United States
| | - Anandhan Annadurai
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, R. Ken Coit College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona85721, United States
| | - Cody J Schmidlin
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, R. Ken Coit College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona85721, United States
| | - Alyssa Werner
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, R. Ken Coit College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona85721, United States
| | - Taoda Shi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, R. Ken Coit College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona85721, United States
| | - Reza Beheshti Zavareh
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California92037, United States
| | - Luke Lairson
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California92037, United States
| | - Donna D Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, R. Ken Coit College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona85721, United States
| | - Eli Chapman
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, R. Ken Coit College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona85721, United States
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34
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Varga A, Nguyen MT, Pénzes K, Bátai B, Gyulavári P, Gurbi B, Murányi J, Csermely P, Csala M, Vántus T, Sőti C. Protein Kinase D3 (PKD3) Requires Hsp90 for Stability and Promotion of Prostate Cancer Cell Migration. Cells 2023; 12:cells12020212. [PMID: 36672148 PMCID: PMC9857065 DOI: 10.3390/cells12020212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer metastasis is a significant cause of mortality in men. PKD3 facilitates tumor growth and metastasis, however, its regulation is largely unclear. The Hsp90 chaperone stabilizes an array of signaling client proteins, thus is an enabler of the malignant phenotype. Here, using different prostate cancer cell lines, we report that Hsp90 ensures PKD3 conformational stability and function to promote cancer cell migration. We found that pharmacological inhibition of either PKDs or Hsp90 dose-dependently abrogated the migration of DU145 and PC3 metastatic prostate cancer cells. Hsp90 inhibition by ganetespib caused a dose-dependent depletion of PKD2, PKD3, and Akt, which are all involved in metastasis formation. Proximity ligation assay and immunoprecipitation experiments demonstrated a physical interaction between Hsp90 and PKD3. Inhibition of the chaperone-client interaction induced misfolding and proteasomal degradation of PKD3. PKD3 siRNA combined with ganetespib treatment demonstrated a specific involvement of PKD3 in DU145 and PC3 cell migration, which was entirely dependent on Hsp90. Finally, ectopic expression of PKD3 enhanced migration of non-metastatic LNCaP cells in an Hsp90-dependent manner. Altogether, our findings identify PKD3 as an Hsp90 client and uncover a potential mechanism of Hsp90 in prostate cancer metastasis. The molecular interaction revealed here may regulate other biological and pathological functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Attila Varga
- Department of Molecular Biology, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary
- MTA-SE Pathobiochemistry Research Group, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary
- Correspondence: (A.V.); (C.S.)
| | - Minh Tu Nguyen
- Department of Molecular Biology, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Kinga Pénzes
- Department of Molecular Biology, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary
- MTA-SE Pathobiochemistry Research Group, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Semmelweis University, 1089 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Bence Bátai
- Department of Molecular Biology, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary
- MTA-SE Pathobiochemistry Research Group, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary
- HCEMM-SU Molecular Oncohematology Research Group, Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Pál Gyulavári
- Department of Molecular Biology, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary
- MTA-SE Pathobiochemistry Research Group, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary
- IQVIA Hungary, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Bianka Gurbi
- Department of Molecular Biology, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary
- MTA-SE Pathobiochemistry Research Group, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary
| | - József Murányi
- Department of Molecular Biology, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary
- MTA-SE Pathobiochemistry Research Group, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Péter Csermely
- Department of Molecular Biology, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Miklós Csala
- Department of Molecular Biology, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary
- MTA-SE Pathobiochemistry Research Group, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tibor Vántus
- Department of Molecular Biology, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary
- MTA-SE Pathobiochemistry Research Group, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Csaba Sőti
- Department of Molecular Biology, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary
- Correspondence: (A.V.); (C.S.)
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35
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Abstract
Protein homeostasis relies on a balance between protein folding and protein degradation. Molecular chaperones like Hsp70 and Hsp90 fulfill well-defined roles in protein folding and conformational stability via ATP-dependent reaction cycles. These folding cycles are controlled by associations with a cohort of non-client protein co-chaperones, such as Hop, p23, and Aha1. Pro-folding co-chaperones facilitate the transit of the client protein through the chaperone-mediated folding process. However, chaperones are also involved in proteasomal and lysosomal degradation of client proteins. Like folding complexes, the ability of chaperones to mediate protein degradation is regulated by co-chaperones, such as the C-terminal Hsp70-binding protein (CHIP/STUB1). CHIP binds to Hsp70 and Hsp90 chaperones through its tetratricopeptide repeat (TPR) domain and functions as an E3 ubiquitin ligase using a modified RING finger domain (U-box). This unique combination of domains effectively allows CHIP to network chaperone complexes to the ubiquitin-proteasome and autophagosome-lysosome systems. This chapter reviews the current understanding of CHIP as a co-chaperone that switches Hsp70/Hsp90 chaperone complexes from protein folding to protein degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abantika Chakraborty
- Biomedical Biotechnology Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rhodes University, Makhanda/Grahamstown, South Africa
| | - Adrienne L Edkins
- Biomedical Biotechnology Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rhodes University, Makhanda/Grahamstown, South Africa.
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36
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Ginsberg SD, Sharma S, Norton L, Chiosis G. Targeting stressor-induced dysfunctions in protein-protein interaction networks via epichaperomes. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2023; 44:20-33. [PMID: 36414432 PMCID: PMC9789192 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2022.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Diseases are manifestations of complex changes in protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks whereby stressors, genetic, environmental, and combinations thereof, alter molecular interactions and perturb the individual from the level of cells and tissues to the entire organism. Targeting stressor-induced dysfunctions in PPI networks has therefore become a promising but technically challenging frontier in therapeutics discovery. This opinion provides a new framework based upon disrupting epichaperomes - pathological entities that enable dysfunctional rewiring of PPI networks - as a mechanism to revert context-specific PPI network dysfunction to a normative state. We speculate on the implications of recent research in this area for a precision medicine approach to detecting and treating complex diseases, including cancer and neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen D Ginsberg
- Center for Dementia Research, Nathan Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY 10962, USA; Department of Psychiatry, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; NYU Neuroscience Institute, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Sahil Sharma
- Program in Chemical Biology, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Larry Norton
- Breast Cancer Medicine Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Gabriela Chiosis
- Program in Chemical Biology, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, NY 10065, USA; Breast Cancer Medicine Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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37
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Abstract
The co-chaperone p50/Cdc37 is an important partner for Hsp90, assisting in molecular chaperone activities, particularly with regard to the regulation of protein kinases. Analysis of the structure of Hsp90-Cdc37-kinase complexes demonstrates the way in which Cdc37 interacts with and controls the folding of a large proportion of intracellular protein kinases. This co-chaperone thus stands at the hub of a multitude of intracellular signaling networks. Indeed, the influence of Cdc37 reaches beyond the housekeeping pathways of protein folding into the regulation of a wide range of cellular processes. This co-chaperone has attracted attention as a potential intermediate in carcinogenesis. Cdc37 is an attractive potential target in cancer due to (1) high expression in a number of tumor types and (2) control of multiple signaling pathways. These properties indicate (3) a potential for selectivity due to its elevated expression in malignant cells and (4) robustness, as the co-chaperone may control multiple growth signaling pathways and thus be less prone to evolution of resistance than less versatile oncoproteins. Cdc37 may also be involved in other aspects of pathophysiology and has been shown to be secreted in exosomes. Protein aggregation disorders have been linked to age-related declines in molecular chaperones and co-chaperones. Cdc37 also appears to be a potential agent in longevity due to its links to protein folding and autophagy, and it will be informative to study the role of Cdc37 maintenance/decline in aging organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas L Prince
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Ranok Therapeutics, Waltham, MA, USA
| | - Benjamin J Lang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yuka Okusha
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Takanori Eguchi
- Department of Dental Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Stuart K Calderwood
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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38
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Roychowdhury T, Santhaseela AR, Sharma S, Panchal P, Rodina A, Chiosis G. Use of Native-PAGE for the Identification of Epichaperomes in Cell Lines. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2693:175-191. [PMID: 37540435 PMCID: PMC10448758 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3342-7_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Epichaperomes are disease-associated pathologic scaffolds, composed of tightly bound chaperones, co-chaperones, and other factors. They mediate anomalous protein-protein interactions inside cells, which aberrantly affects the function of protein networks, and in turn, cellular phenotypes. Epichaperome study necessitates the implementation of methods that retain these protein complexes in their native cellular states for analysis. Here we describe a protocol for detection and composition analysis of epichaperomes in cell homogenates through native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanaya Roychowdhury
- Program in Chemical Biology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Anand R Santhaseela
- Program in Chemical Biology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sahil Sharma
- Program in Chemical Biology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Palak Panchal
- Program in Chemical Biology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Anna Rodina
- Program in Chemical Biology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gabriela Chiosis
- Program in Chemical Biology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
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39
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Backe SJ, Woodford MR, Ahanin E, Sager RA, Bourboulia D, Mollapour M. Impact of Co-chaperones and Posttranslational Modifications Toward Hsp90 Drug Sensitivity. Subcell Biochem 2023; 101:319-350. [PMID: 36520312 PMCID: PMC10077965 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-14740-1_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Posttranslational modifications (PTMs) regulate myriad cellular processes by modulating protein function and protein-protein interaction. Heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) is an ATP-dependent molecular chaperone whose activity is responsible for the stabilization and maturation of more than 300 client proteins. Hsp90 is a substrate for numerous PTMs, which have diverse effects on Hsp90 function. Interestingly, many Hsp90 clients are enzymes that catalyze PTM, demonstrating one of the several modes of regulation of Hsp90 activity. Approximately 25 co-chaperone regulatory proteins of Hsp90 impact structural rearrangements, ATP hydrolysis, and client interaction, representing a second layer of influence on Hsp90 activity. A growing body of literature has also established that PTM of these co-chaperones fine-tune their activity toward Hsp90; however, many of the identified PTMs remain uncharacterized. Given the critical role of Hsp90 in supporting signaling in cancer, clinical evaluation of Hsp90 inhibitors is an area of great interest. Interestingly, differential PTM and co-chaperone interaction have been shown to impact Hsp90 binding to its inhibitors. Therefore, understanding these layers of Hsp90 regulation will provide a more complete understanding of the chaperone code, facilitating the development of new biomarkers and combination therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J Backe
- Department of Urology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA.,Upstate Cancer Center, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Mark R Woodford
- Department of Urology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA.,Upstate Cancer Center, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Elham Ahanin
- Department of Urology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA.,Upstate Cancer Center, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Rebecca A Sager
- Department of Urology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA.,Upstate Cancer Center, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Dimitra Bourboulia
- Department of Urology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA.,Upstate Cancer Center, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Mehdi Mollapour
- Department of Urology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA. .,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA. .,Upstate Cancer Center, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA.
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40
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Pugh KW, Alnaed M, Brackett CM, Blagg BSJ. The biology and inhibition of glucose-regulated protein 94/gp96. Med Res Rev 2022; 42:2007-2024. [PMID: 35861260 PMCID: PMC10003671 DOI: 10.1002/med.21915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The 94 kDa molecular chaperone, glucose-regulated protein 94 (Grp94), has garnered interest during the last decade due to its direct association with endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and disease. Grp94 belongs to the Hsp90 family of molecular chaperones and is a master regulator of ER homeostasis due to its ability to fold and stabilize proteins/receptors, and to chaperone misfolded proteins for degradation. Multiple studies have demonstrated that Grp94 knockdown or inhibition leads to the degradation of client protein substrates, which leads to disruption of disease-dependent signaling pathways. As a result, small molecule inhibitors of Grp94 have become a promising therapeutic approach to target a variety of disease states. Specifically, Grp94 has proven to be a promising target for cancer, glaucoma, immune-mediated inflammation, and viral infection. Moreover, Grp94-peptide complexes have been utilized effectively as adjuvants for vaccines against a variety of disease states. This work highlights the significance of Grp94 biology and the development of therapeutics that target this molecular chaperone in multiple disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyler W. Pugh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Warren Family Research Center for Drug Discovery and Development, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
| | - Marim Alnaed
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Warren Family Research Center for Drug Discovery and Development, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
| | - Christopher M. Brackett
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Warren Family Research Center for Drug Discovery and Development, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
| | - Brian S. J. Blagg
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Warren Family Research Center for Drug Discovery and Development, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
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41
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Rickner HD, Jiang L, Hong R, O'Neill NK, Mojica CA, Snyder BJ, Zhang L, Shaw D, Medalla M, Wolozin B, Cheng CS. Single cell transcriptomic profiling of a neuron-astrocyte assembloid tauopathy model. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6275. [PMID: 36271092 PMCID: PMC9587045 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34005-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of iPSC derived brain organoid models to study neurodegenerative disease has been hampered by a lack of systems that accurately and expeditiously recapitulate pathogenesis in the context of neuron-glial interactions. Here we report development of a system, termed AstTau, which propagates toxic human tau oligomers in iPSC derived neuron-astrocyte assembloids. The AstTau system develops much of the neuronal and astrocytic pathology observed in tauopathies including misfolded, phosphorylated, oligomeric, and fibrillar tau, strong neurodegeneration, and reactive astrogliosis. Single cell transcriptomic profiling combined with immunochemistry characterizes a model system that can more closely recapitulate late-stage changes in adult neurodegeneration. The transcriptomic studies demonstrate striking changes in neuroinflammatory and heat shock protein (HSP) chaperone systems in the disease process. Treatment with the HSP90 inhibitor PU-H71 is used to address the putative dysfunctional HSP chaperone system and produces a strong reduction of pathology and neurodegeneration, highlighting the potential of AstTau as a rapid and reproducible tool for drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lulu Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Rui Hong
- Program in Bioinformatics, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | | | - Chromewell A Mojica
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Benjamin J Snyder
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Lushuang Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Dipan Shaw
- Informatics Group, J. Craig Venter Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Maria Medalla
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Benjamin Wolozin
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA.
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA.
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02118, USA.
| | - Christine S Cheng
- Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
- Program in Bioinformatics, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
- Informatics Group, J. Craig Venter Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
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42
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Translational reprogramming in response to accumulating stressors ensures critical threshold levels of Hsp90 for mammalian life. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6271. [PMID: 36270993 PMCID: PMC9587034 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33916-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The cytosolic molecular chaperone Hsp90 is essential for eukaryotic life. Although reduced Hsp90 levels correlate with aging, it was unknown whether eukaryotic cells and organisms can tune the basal Hsp90 levels to alleviate physiologically accumulated stress. We have investigated whether and how mice adapt to the deletion of three out of four alleles of the two genes encoding cytosolic Hsp90, with one Hsp90β allele being the only remaining one. While the vast majority of such mouse embryos die during gestation, survivors apparently manage to increase their Hsp90β protein to at least wild-type levels. Our studies reveal an internal ribosome entry site in the 5' untranslated region of the Hsp90β mRNA allowing translational reprogramming to compensate for the genetic loss of Hsp90 alleles and in response to stress. We find that the minimum amount of total Hsp90 required to support viability of mammalian cells and organisms is 50-70% of what is normally there. Those that fail to maintain a threshold level are subject to accelerated senescence, proteostatic collapse, and ultimately death. Therefore, considering that Hsp90 levels can be reduced ≥100-fold in the unicellular budding yeast, critical threshold levels of Hsp90 have markedly increased during eukaryotic evolution.
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43
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Rahmy S, Mishra SJ, Murphy S, Blagg BSJ, Lu X. Hsp90β inhibition upregulates interferon response and enhances immune checkpoint blockade therapy in murine tumors. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1005045. [PMID: 36341371 PMCID: PMC9630337 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1005045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Response resistance to the immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) immunotherapy remains a major clinical challenge that may be overcome through the rational combination of ICB and specific targeted therapeutics. One emerging combination strategy is based on sensitizing ICB-refractory tumors with antagonists of 90kD heat shock protein (Hsp90) that target all four isoforms. However, pan-Hsp90 inhibitors are limited by the modest efficacy, on-target and off-tumor toxicities, and induction of the heat shock response (HSR) that overrides the effect of Hsp90 inhibition. Recently, we developed Hsp90β-selective inhibitors that were cytotoxic to cancer cells but did not induce HSR in vitro. Here, we report that the Hsp90β inhibitor NDNB1182 downregulated CDK4 (an Hsp90β-dependent client protein) and induced the expression of endogenous retroviral elements and interferon-stimulated genes. In syngeneic mouse models of prostate cancer and breast cancer, NDNB1182 significantly augmented the efficacy of ICB therapy. Furthermore, NDNB1182 showed superior tolerability to the pan-Hsp90 inhibitor Ganetespib in mice. Our findings provide evidence that Hsp90β inhibition is a potentially effective and safe regimen to combine with ICB to treat immunotherapy-refractory solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharif Rahmy
- Department of Biological Sciences, Boler-Parseghian Center for Rare and Neglected Diseases, Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, United States
- Integrated Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, United States
| | - Sanket J. Mishra
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Warren Family Research Center for Drug Discovery and Development, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, United States
| | - Sean Murphy
- Department of Biological Sciences, Boler-Parseghian Center for Rare and Neglected Diseases, Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, United States
| | - Brian S. J. Blagg
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Warren Family Research Center for Drug Discovery and Development, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, United States
| | - Xin Lu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Boler-Parseghian Center for Rare and Neglected Diseases, Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, United States
- Integrated Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, United States
- Tumor Microenvironment and Metastasis Program, Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN, United States
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44
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Okusha Y, Guerrero-Gimenez ME, Lang BJ, Borges TJ, Stevenson MA, Truman AW, Calderwood SK. MicroRNA-570 targets the HSP chaperone network, increases proteotoxic stress and inhibits mammary tumor cell migration. Sci Rep 2022; 12:15582. [PMID: 36114410 PMCID: PMC9481609 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-19533-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The dynamic network of chaperone interactions known as the chaperome contributes significantly to the proteotoxic cell response and the malignant phenotype. To bypass the inherent redundancy in the network, we have used a microRNA (mir) approach to target multiple members of the chaperome simultaneously. We identified a potent microRNA, miR-570 that could bind the 3'untranslated regions of multiple HSP mRNAs and inhibit HSP synthesis. Transfection of cells with this miR species reduced expression of multiple HSPs, inhibited the heat shock response and reduced tumor cell growth while acted additively in combination with cytotoxic drugs. As overexpression of miR-570 elicited tumor suppressive effects, we inferred that this miR could play a potential role in inhibiting tumorigenesis and cancer cell growth. In accordance with this hypothesis, we determined a significant role for miR-570 in regulating markers of mammary tumor progression, including cell motility and invasion. Our data provide a proof of the principle that the tumor chaperome can be targeted by microRNAs suggesting a potential therapeutic avenue towards cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuka Okusha
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA. .,JSPS Overseas Research Fellow, Tokyo, 102-0083, Japan.
| | - Martin E. Guerrero-Gimenez
- grid.38142.3c000000041936754XBeth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215 USA ,grid.412108.e0000 0001 2185 5065Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, School of Medicine, National University of Cuyo, 5500 Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Benjamin J. Lang
- grid.38142.3c000000041936754XBeth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215 USA
| | - Thiago J. Borges
- grid.38142.3c000000041936754XCenter for Transplantation Sciences, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129 USA
| | - Mary A. Stevenson
- grid.38142.3c000000041936754XBeth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215 USA
| | - Andrew W. Truman
- grid.266859.60000 0000 8598 2218Department of Biological Sciences, The University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223 USA
| | - Stuart K. Calderwood
- grid.38142.3c000000041936754XBeth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215 USA
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45
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Jia Z, Meng F, Chen H, Zhu G, Li X, He Y, Zhang L, He X, Zhan H, Chen M, Ji Y, Wang M, Guan MX. Human TRUB1 is a highly conserved pseudouridine synthase responsible for the formation of Ψ55 in mitochondrial tRNAAsn, tRNAGln, tRNAGlu and tRNAPro. Nucleic Acids Res 2022; 50:9368-9381. [PMID: 36018806 PMCID: PMC9458420 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkac698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudouridine (Ψ) at position 55 in tRNAs plays an important role in their structure and function. This modification is catalyzed by TruB/Pus4/Cbf5 family of pseudouridine synthases in bacteria and yeast. However, the mechanism of TRUB family underlying the formation of Ψ55 in the mammalian tRNAs is largely unknown. In this report, the CMC/reverse transcription assays demonstrated the presence of Ψ55 in the human mitochondrial tRNAAsn, tRNAGln, tRNAGlu, tRNAPro, tRNAMet, tRNALeu(UUR) and tRNASer(UCN). TRUB1 knockout (KO) cell lines generated by CRISPR/Cas9 technology exhibited the loss of Ψ55 modification in mitochondrial tRNAAsn, tRNAGln, tRNAGlu and tRNAPro but did not affect other 18 mitochondrial tRNAs. An in vitro assay revealed that recombinant TRUB1 protein can catalyze the efficient formation of Ψ55 in tRNAAsn and tRNAGln, but not in tRNAMet and tRNAArg. Notably, the overexpression of TRUB1 cDNA reversed the deficient Ψ55 modifications in these tRNAs in TRUB1KO HeLa cells. TRUB1 deficiency affected the base-pairing (18A/G-Ψ55), conformation and stability but not aminoacylation capacity of these tRNAs. Furthermore, TRUB1 deficiency impacted mitochondrial translation and biogenesis of oxidative phosphorylation system. Our findings demonstrated that human TRUB1 is a highly conserved mitochondrial pseudouridine synthase responsible for the Ψ55 modification in the mitochondrial tRNAAsn, tRNAGln, tRNAGlu and tRNAPro.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Gao Zhu
- Institute of Genetics, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xincheng Li
- Institute of Genetics, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yunfan He
- Institute of Genetics, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Liyao Zhang
- Institute of Genetics, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiao He
- Institute of Genetics, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Huisen Zhan
- Institute of Genetics, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Mengquan Chen
- Department of Lab Medicine, Wenzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yanchun Ji
- Division of Medical Genetics and Genomics, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine and National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China,Institute of Genetics, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Division of Medical Genetics and Genomics, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine and National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China,Institute of Genetics, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Min-Xin Guan
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +571 88206916; Fax: +571 88982377;
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46
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Shao H, Taguwa S, Gilbert L, Shkedi A, Sannino S, Guerriero CJ, Gale-Day ZJ, Young ZT, Brodsky JL, Weissman J, Gestwicki JE, Frydman J. A campaign targeting a conserved Hsp70 binding site uncovers how subcellular localization is linked to distinct biological activities. Cell Chem Biol 2022; 29:1303-1316.e3. [PMID: 35830852 PMCID: PMC9513760 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2022.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The potential of small molecules to localize within subcellular compartments is rarely explored. To probe this question, we measured the localization of Hsp70 inhibitors using fluorescence microscopy. We found that even closely related analogs had dramatically different distributions, with some residing predominantly in the mitochondria and others in the ER. CRISPRi screens supported this idea, showing that different compounds had distinct chemogenetic interactions with Hsp70s of the ER (HSPA5/BiP) and mitochondria (HSPA9/mortalin) and their co-chaperones. Moreover, localization seemed to determine function, even for molecules with conserved binding sites. Compounds with distinct partitioning have distinct anti-proliferative activity in breast cancer cells compared with anti-viral activity in cellular models of Dengue virus replication, likely because different sets of Hsp70s are required in these processes. These findings highlight the contributions of subcellular partitioning and chemogenetic interactions to small molecule activity, features that are rarely explored during medicinal chemistry campaigns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Shao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Shuhei Taguwa
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Laboratory of Virus Control, Center for Infectious Disease Education and Research, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan; Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Luke Gilbert
- Department of Urology and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Arielle Shkedi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Sara Sannino
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - Zachary J Gale-Day
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Zapporah T Young
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Jeffrey L Brodsky
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jonathan Weissman
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Jason E Gestwicki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
| | - Judith Frydman
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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Xiao K, Li S, Ding J, Wang Z, Wang D, Cao X, Zhang Y, Dong Z. Expression and clinical value of circRNAs in serum extracellular vesicles for gastric cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:962831. [PMID: 36059681 PMCID: PMC9428625 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.962831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective At present, there are still no effective diagnosis methods for gastric cancer (GC). Increasing evidences indicate that Extracellular Vesicle circular RNAs (EV circRNAs) play a crucial role in several diseases. However, their correlations with GC are not clarified. This study aims to investigate the expression profile of serum EV circRNAs in GC and evaluate its potential clinical value. Methods High-throughput RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) was used to assess circRNA expression profiles between 4 patients with GC and 4 healthy controls. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses were employed to determine the biological functions of differentially expressed (DE) circRNAs. A circRNA-miRNA-mRNA network was constructed using bioinformatics tools. Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-q)PCR was used to validate the dysregulated circRNAs. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to evaluate the diagnostic value of circRNAs for GC. Results A total of 4692 circRNAs were detected in the serum EVs of healthy controls and patients with GC, most of which were novel (98%) and intergenic (52%). 7 circRNAs were upregulated and 4 circRNAs were downregulated (|log2Fold Change| > 2, P < 0.05). GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses revealed that DE circRNAs were primarily involved in glutathione metabolism, protein folding, and drug metabolism-cytochrome P450. Of these, 3 circRNAs (Chr10q11, Chr1p11, and Chr7q11) were identified to be significantly overexpressed in patients with GC compared with healthy controls using RT-qPCR. The combination of 3 EV circRNAs and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) produced an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.866 (95%CI: 0.803-0.915) with a sensitivity and specificity of 80.4% and 81.8%, respectively. Additionally, the expression levels of 3 EV circRNAs were significantly correlated with tumor size, lymph node metastasis, and TNM stage. The circRNA-miRNA-mRNA network showed that the 3 identified circRNAs were predicted to interact with 13 miRNAs and 91 mRNAs. Conclusion Our results illustrate that the panel of EV circRNAs in serum are aberrantly expressed and may act as the suitable biomarkers for gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Xiao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Shirong Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Weifang People’s Hospital, Weifang, China
| | - Juan Ding
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Ding Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiangting Cao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Zhaogang Dong, ; Yi Zhang,
| | - Zhaogang Dong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Zhaogang Dong, ; Yi Zhang,
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Śniegocka M, Liccardo F, Fazi F, Masciarelli S. Understanding ER homeostasis and the UPR to enhance treatment efficacy of acute myeloid leukemia. Drug Resist Updat 2022; 64:100853. [PMID: 35870226 DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2022.100853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Protein biogenesis, maturation and degradation are tightly regulated processes that are governed by a complex network of signaling pathways. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is responsible for biosynthesis and maturation of secretory proteins. Circumstances that alter cellular protein homeostasis, determine accumulation of misfolded and unfolded proteins in the ER, a condition defined as ER stress. In case of stress, the ER activates an adaptive response called unfolded protein response (UPR), a series of pathways of major relevance for cancer biology. The UPR plays a preeminent role in adaptation of tumor cells to the harsh conditions that they experience, due to high rates of proliferation, metabolic abnormalities and hostile environment scarce in oxygen and nutrients. Furthermore, the UPR is among the main adaptive cell stress responses contributing to the development of resistance to drugs and chemotherapy. Clinical management of Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) has improved significantly in the last decade, thanks to development of molecular targeted therapies. However, the emergence of treatment-resistant clones renders the rate of AML cure dismal. Moreover, different cell populations that constitute the bone marrow niche recently emerged as a main determinant leading to drug resistance. Herein we summarize the most relevant literature regarding the role played by the UPR in expansion of AML and ability to develop drug resistance and we discuss different possible modalities to overturn this adaptive response against leukemia. To this aim, we also describe the interconnection of the UPR with other cellular stress responses regulating protein homeostasis. Finally, we review the newest findings about the crosstalk between AML cells and cells of the bone marrow niche, under physiological conditions and in response to therapies, discussing in particular the importance of the niche in supporting survival of AML cells by favoring protein homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martyna Śniegocka
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic & Orthopedic Sciences, Section of Histology & Medical Embryology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Liccardo
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic & Orthopedic Sciences, Section of Histology & Medical Embryology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Fazi
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic & Orthopedic Sciences, Section of Histology & Medical Embryology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
| | - Silvia Masciarelli
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic & Orthopedic Sciences, Section of Histology & Medical Embryology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
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Sharma S, Kalidindi T, Joshi S, Digwal CS, Panchal P, Burnazi E, Lee SG, Pillarsetty N, Chiosis G. Synthesis of 124I-labeled epichaperome probes and assessment in visualizing pathologic protein-protein interaction networks in tumor bearing mice. STAR Protoc 2022; 3:101318. [PMID: 35496791 PMCID: PMC9046997 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2022.101318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Epichaperomes are disease-associated pathologic scaffolds composed of tightly bound chaperones and co-chaperones. They provide opportunities for precision medicine where aberrant protein-protein interaction networks, rather than a single protein, are detected and targeted. This protocol describes the synthesis and characterization of two 124I-labeled epichaperome probes, [124I]-PU-H71 and [124I]-PU-AD, both which have translated to clinical studies. It shows specific steps in the use of these reagents to image and quantify epichaperome-positivity in tumor bearing mice through positron emission tomography. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Bolaender et al. (2021), Inda et al. (2020), and Pillarsetty et al. (2019).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahil Sharma
- Program in Chemical Biology, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Teja Kalidindi
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Suhasini Joshi
- Program in Chemical Biology, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Chander S. Digwal
- Program in Chemical Biology, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Palak Panchal
- Program in Chemical Biology, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Eva Burnazi
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Sang Gyu Lee
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | | | - Gabriela Chiosis
- Program in Chemical Biology, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
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Cui Y, Shen T, Xu F, Zhang J, Wang Y, Wu J, Bu H, Fu D, Fang B, Lv H, Wang S, Shi C, Liu B, He H, Tang H, Ge J. KCNN4 may weaken anti-tumor immune response via raising Tregs and diminishing resting mast cells in clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Cancer Cell Int 2022; 22:211. [PMID: 35689211 PMCID: PMC9185981 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-022-02626-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies over the past decade have shown that competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) plays an essential role in the tumorigenesis and progression of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). Meanwhile, immune checkpoint blocker is gradually moving towards the first-line treatment of ccRCC. Hence, it's urgent to develop a new prediction model for the efficiency of immunotherapy. At present, there is no study to reveal the effect of ceRNA network on the efficiency of immunotherapy for ccRCC. METHODS To systematically analyze the effect of ceRNA hub genes in ccRCCon immune response, we constructed prognosis models based on ceRNAs and immune cells, respectively. We constructed ceRNA network using hypergeometric distribution test and correlation analysis with R script based on The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. We then applied the Cibersort algorithm to simulate the infiltration overview of immune cells in kidney renal clear carcinoma (KIRC) samples. Prognosis-related immune cells were screened and a predictive model of these cells was constructed. Prognosis-related immune cells and ceRNA hub genes were performed with co-expression analysis. Finally, qRT-PCR and immunofluorescence assays were performed to validate the results. RESULTS The construction of ceRNA related prognosis model contained 8 hub genes, including RELT, MYO9B, KCNN4, SIX1, OTOGL, MALAT1, hsa-miR-130b-3p, and hsa-miR-21-5p. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was 0.77 at 5 years. For the construction of immune cells prognosis model, 3 immune cells (T cells regulatory, Macrophages, Mast cells resting) were adopted, and the AUC was 0.65 at 5 years. We then merged the two models by correlation analysis and co-expression analysis. Finally, we found that KCNN4 positively correlates with T cells regulatory (Tregs) and negatively correlates with mast cells resting significantly. Furthermore, higher expression of KCNN4 may lead to a higher potential for immune evasion and lower efficiency for immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). CONCLUSIONS Generally, this is the first study to assess the prognostic value of immune related ceRNA hub genes in ccRCC, and KCNN4 was finally demonstrated to be a key regulatory factor with strong correlation with Tregs and mast cells resting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yankang Cui
- Department of Urology, Clinical School of Medical College, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tianyi Shen
- Department of Urology, Clinical School of Medical College, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Feng Xu
- Department of Urology, Clinical School of Medical College, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Biomedical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuhao Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiajin Wu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hengtao Bu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dian Fu
- Department of Urology, Clinical School of Medical College, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bo Fang
- Department of Urology, Clinical School of Medical College, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Huichen Lv
- Department of Urology, Clinical School of Medical College, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Suchun Wang
- Department of Urology, Clinical School of Medical College, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Changjie Shi
- Department of Urology, Clinical School of Medical College, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bianjiang Liu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Haowei He
- Department of Urology, Clinical School of Medical College, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Hao Tang
- Department of Urology, Clinical School of Medical College, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Jingping Ge
- Department of Urology, Clinical School of Medical College, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
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