1
|
Hoeffner C, Worek F, Amend N. Effects of organophosphates on precision-cut kidney slices. Toxicol Mech Methods 2024:1-33. [PMID: 38745427 DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2024.2356184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Organophosphate (OP) poisoning, both accidental and with suicidal intent, is a global medical challenge. While the primary toxicity of these pesticides is based on the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), case reports describe patients developing OP-mediated renal insufficiency. We set out to investigate possible pathomechanisms utilizing rat precision-cut kidney slices (PCKS). Depending on the method of investigation, PCKS were observed for a maximum of 10 days. PCKS exposed to OP compounds (malaoxon, malathion, paraoxon, parathion) showed a dose-dependent loss of viability and a reduction of total protein content over the course of 10 days. A concentration of 500 µM OP showed the most differences between OP compounds. After two days of incubation parathion showed a significantly lower level of viability than malathion. The respective effects of paraoxon and malaoxon were not significantly different from control. However, effects of OP were only observed in concentrations exceeding those that were needed to achieve significant AChE inhibition in rat kidney tissue. In addition, we observed histological changes, without inducing LDH leakage. Overall, results suggest that OP exert effects in kidney tissue, that exceed those expected from the sole inhibition of AChE and vary between compounds. Without signs of necrosis, findings call for studies that address other possible pathomechanisms including inflammatory response, oxidative stress or activation of apoptosis to further understand nephrotoxicity of OP compounds. Monitoring oxon concentration over time, we demonstrated reduced enzyme inhibiting properties in the presence of PCKS, suggesting interactions between OP compound and kidney tissue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Hoeffner
- Bundeswehr Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Neuherbergstrasse 11, 80937 Munich, Germany
| | - F Worek
- Bundeswehr Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Neuherbergstrasse 11, 80937 Munich, Germany
| | - N Amend
- Bundeswehr Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Neuherbergstrasse 11, 80937 Munich, Germany
- Walther-Straub-Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Goethestr. 33, 80336 Munich, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Han X, Cai C, Deng W, Shi Y, Li L, Wang C, Zhang J, Rong M, Liu J, Fang B, He H, Liu X, Deng C, He X, Cao X. Landscape of human organoids: Ideal model in clinics and research. Innovation (N Y) 2024; 5:100620. [PMID: 38706954 PMCID: PMC11066475 DOI: 10.1016/j.xinn.2024.100620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
In the last decade, organoid research has entered a golden era, signifying a pivotal shift in the biomedical landscape. The year 2023 marked a milestone with the publication of thousands of papers in this arena, reflecting exponential growth. However, amid this burgeoning expansion, a comprehensive and accurate overview of the field has been conspicuously absent. Our review is intended to bridge this gap, providing a panoramic view of the rapidly evolving organoid landscape. We meticulously analyze the organoid field from eight distinctive vantage points, harnessing our rich experience in academic research, industrial application, and clinical practice. We present a deep exploration of the advances in organoid technology, underpinned by our long-standing involvement in this arena. Our narrative traverses the historical genesis of organoids and their transformative impact across various biomedical sectors, including oncology, toxicology, and drug development. We delve into the synergy between organoids and avant-garde technologies such as synthetic biology and single-cell omics and discuss their pivotal role in tailoring personalized medicine, enhancing high-throughput drug screening, and constructing physiologically pertinent disease models. Our comprehensive analysis and reflective discourse provide a deep dive into the existing landscape and emerging trends in organoid technology. We spotlight technological innovations, methodological evolution, and the broadening spectrum of applications, emphasizing the revolutionary influence of organoids in personalized medicine, oncology, drug discovery, and other fields. Looking ahead, we cautiously anticipate future developments in the field of organoid research, especially its potential implications for personalized patient care, new avenues of drug discovery, and clinical research. We trust that our comprehensive review will be an asset for researchers, clinicians, and patients with keen interest in personalized medical strategies. We offer a broad view of the present and prospective capabilities of organoid technology, encompassing a wide range of current and future applications. In summary, in this review we attempt a comprehensive exploration of the organoid field. We offer reflections, summaries, and projections that might be useful for current researchers and clinicians, and we hope to contribute to shaping the evolving trajectory of this dynamic and rapidly advancing field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Han
- Organ Regeneration X Lab, Lisheng East China Institute of Biotechnology, Peking University, Jiangsu 226200, China
- Shanghai Lisheng Biotech, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Chunhui Cai
- Shanghai Lisheng Biotech, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Wei Deng
- LongHua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 725 Wanping South Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200125, China
| | - Yanghua Shi
- Shanghai Lisheng Biotech, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Lanyang Li
- Shanghai Lisheng Biotech, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Chen Wang
- Shanghai Lisheng Biotech, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Shanghai Lisheng Biotech, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Mingjie Rong
- Shanghai Lisheng Biotech, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Jiping Liu
- Shanghai Lisheng Biotech, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Bangjiang Fang
- LongHua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 725 Wanping South Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Hua He
- Department of Neurosurgery, Third Affiliated Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Xiling Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Shanghai Forensic Service Platform, Academy of Forensic Science, Ministry of Justice, Shanghai 200063, China
| | - Chuxia Deng
- Cancer Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR, China
- Ministry of Education Frontiers Science Center for Precision Oncology, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR 999078, China
| | - Xiao He
- CAS Key Lab for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xin Cao
- Zhongshan Hospital Institute of Clinical Science, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai 200032, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Pecksen E, Tkachuk S, Schröder C, Vives Enrich M, Neog A, Johnson CP, Lachmann N, Haller H, Kiyan Y. Monocytes prevent apoptosis of iPSCs and promote differentiation of kidney organoids. Stem Cell Res Ther 2024; 15:132. [PMID: 38702808 PMCID: PMC11069262 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-024-03739-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs)-derived kidney organoids are a promising model for studying disease mechanisms and renal development. Despite several protocols having been developed, further improvements are needed to overcome existing limitations and enable a wider application of this model. One of the approaches to improve the differentiation of renal organoids in vitro is to include in the system cell types important for kidney organogenesis in vivo, such as macrophages. Another approach could be to improve cell survival. Mesodermal lineage differentiation is the common initial step of the reported protocols. The glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) activity inhibitor, CHIR99021 (CHIR), is applied to induce mesodermal differentiation. It has been reported that CHIR simultaneously induces iPSCs apoptosis that can compromise cell differentiation. We thought to interfere with CHIR-induced apoptosis of iPSCs using rapamycin. METHODS Differentiation of kidney organoids from human iPSCs was performed. Cell survival and autophagy were analyzed using Cell counting kit 8 (CCK8) kit and Autophagy detection kit. Cells were treated with rapamycin or co-cultured with human monocytes isolated from peripheral blood or iPSCs-macrophages using a transwell co-culture system. Monocyte-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) were isolated using polyethylene glycol precipitation. Expression of apoptotic markers cleaved Caspase 3, Poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase 1 (PARP-1) and markers of differentiation T-Box Transcription Factor 6 (TBX6), odd-skipped related 1 (OSR1), Nephrin, E-Cadherin, Paired box gene 2 (Pax2) and GATA Binding Protein 3 (Gata3) was assessed by RT-PCR and western blotting. Organoids were imaged by 3D-confocal microscopy. RESULTS We observed that CHIR induced apoptosis of iPSCs during the initial stage of renal organoid differentiation. Underlying mechanisms implied the accumulation of reactive oxygen species and decreased autophagy. Activation of autophagy by rapamacin and by an indirect co-culture of differentiating iPSCs with iPSCs-macrophages and human peripheral blood monocytes prevented apoptosis induced by CHIR. Furthermore, monocytes (but not rapamycin) strongly promoted expression of renal differentiation markers and organoids development via released extracellular vesicles. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that co-culturing of iPSCs with human monocytes strongly improves differentiation of kidney organoids. An underlying mechanism of monocytic action implies, but not limited to, an increased autophagy in CHIR-treated iPSCs. Our findings enhance the utility of kidney organoid models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Pecksen
- Clinics for Kidney and Hypertension Disease, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Sergey Tkachuk
- Clinics for Kidney and Hypertension Disease, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Cristoph Schröder
- Clinics for Kidney and Hypertension Disease, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Marc Vives Enrich
- Clinics for Kidney and Hypertension Disease, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Mount Desert Island Biological Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine, USA
| | - Anindita Neog
- Clinics for Kidney and Hypertension Disease, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Mount Desert Island Biological Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine, USA
| | - Cory P Johnson
- Mount Desert Island Biological Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine, USA
| | - Niko Lachmann
- Department of Pediatric Pneumology Allergology and Neonatology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine ITEM, Hannover, Germany
| | - Hermann Haller
- Clinics for Kidney and Hypertension Disease, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Mount Desert Island Biological Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine, USA
| | - Yulia Kiyan
- Clinics for Kidney and Hypertension Disease, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Maharjan S, Ma C, Singh B, Kang H, Orive G, Yao J, Shrike Zhang Y. Advanced 3D imaging and organoid bioprinting for biomedical research and therapeutic applications. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2024; 208:115237. [PMID: 38447931 PMCID: PMC11031334 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2024.115237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Organoid cultures offer a valuable platform for studying organ-level biology, allowing for a closer mimicry of human physiology compared to traditional two-dimensional cell culture systems or non-primate animal models. While many organoid cultures use cell aggregates or decellularized extracellular matrices as scaffolds, they often lack precise biochemical and biophysical microenvironments. In contrast, three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting allows precise placement of organoids or spheroids, providing enhanced spatial control and facilitating the direct fusion for the formation of large-scale functional tissues in vitro. In addition, 3D bioprinting enables fine tuning of biochemical and biophysical cues to support organoid development and maturation. With advances in the organoid technology and its potential applications across diverse research fields such as cell biology, developmental biology, disease pathology, precision medicine, drug toxicology, and tissue engineering, organoid imaging has become a crucial aspect of physiological and pathological studies. This review highlights the recent advancements in imaging technologies that have significantly contributed to organoid research. Additionally, we discuss various bioprinting techniques, emphasizing their applications in organoid bioprinting. Integrating 3D imaging tools into a bioprinting platform allows real-time visualization while facilitating quality control, optimization, and comprehensive bioprinting assessment. Similarly, combining imaging technologies with organoid bioprinting can provide valuable insights into tissue formation, maturation, functions, and therapeutic responses. This approach not only improves the reproducibility of physiologically relevant tissues but also enhances understanding of complex biological processes. Thus, careful selection of bioprinting modalities, coupled with appropriate imaging techniques, holds the potential to create a versatile platform capable of addressing existing challenges and harnessing opportunities in these rapidly evolving fields.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sushila Maharjan
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Chenshuo Ma
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Bibhor Singh
- Winthrop L. Chenery Upper Elementary School, Belmont, MA 02478, USA
| | - Heemin Kang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea; College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Gorka Orive
- NanoBioCel Research Group, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; Bioaraba, NanoBioCel Research Group, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN). Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; University Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Oral Implantology - UIRMI (UPV/EHU-Fundación Eduardo Anitua), Vitoria, 01007, Spain; Singapore Eye Research Institute, The Academia, 20 College Road, Discovery Tower, Singapore 169856, Singapore
| | - Junjie Yao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
| | - Yu Shrike Zhang
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Cerneckis J, Cai H, Shi Y. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs): molecular mechanisms of induction and applications. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:112. [PMID: 38670977 PMCID: PMC11053163 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01809-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology has transformed in vitro research and holds great promise to advance regenerative medicine. iPSCs have the capacity for an almost unlimited expansion, are amenable to genetic engineering, and can be differentiated into most somatic cell types. iPSCs have been widely applied to model human development and diseases, perform drug screening, and develop cell therapies. In this review, we outline key developments in the iPSC field and highlight the immense versatility of the iPSC technology for in vitro modeling and therapeutic applications. We begin by discussing the pivotal discoveries that revealed the potential of a somatic cell nucleus for reprogramming and led to successful generation of iPSCs. We consider the molecular mechanisms and dynamics of somatic cell reprogramming as well as the numerous methods available to induce pluripotency. Subsequently, we discuss various iPSC-based cellular models, from mono-cultures of a single cell type to complex three-dimensional organoids, and how these models can be applied to elucidate the mechanisms of human development and diseases. We use examples of neurological disorders, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and cancer to highlight the diversity of disease-specific phenotypes that can be modeled using iPSC-derived cells. We also consider how iPSC-derived cellular models can be used in high-throughput drug screening and drug toxicity studies. Finally, we discuss the process of developing autologous and allogeneic iPSC-based cell therapies and their potential to alleviate human diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Cerneckis
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
- Irell & Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Hongxia Cai
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Yanhong Shi
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA.
- Irell & Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Huang B, Zeng Z, Kim S, Fausto CC, Koppitch K, Li H, Li Z, Chen X, Guo J, Zhang CC, Ma T, Medina P, Schreiber ME, Xia MW, Vonk AC, Xiang T, Patel T, Li Y, Parvez RK, Der B, Chen JH, Liu Z, Thornton ME, Grubbs BH, Diao Y, Dou Y, Gnedeva K, Ying Q, Pastor-Soler NM, Fei T, Hallows KR, Lindström NO, McMahon AP, Li Z. Long-term expandable mouse and human-induced nephron progenitor cells enable kidney organoid maturation and modeling of plasticity and disease. Cell Stem Cell 2024:S1934-5909(24)00129-2. [PMID: 38692273 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2024.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Nephron progenitor cells (NPCs) self-renew and differentiate into nephrons, the functional units of the kidney. Here, manipulation of p38 and YAP activity allowed for long-term clonal expansion of primary mouse and human NPCs and induced NPCs (iNPCs) from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs). Molecular analyses demonstrated that cultured iNPCs closely resemble primary human NPCs. iNPCs generated nephron organoids with minimal off-target cell types and enhanced maturation of podocytes relative to published human kidney organoid protocols. Surprisingly, the NPC culture medium uncovered plasticity in human podocyte programs, enabling podocyte reprogramming to an NPC-like state. Scalability and ease of genome editing facilitated genome-wide CRISPR screening in NPC culture, uncovering genes associated with kidney development and disease. Further, NPC-directed modeling of autosomal-dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) identified a small-molecule inhibitor of cystogenesis. These findings highlight a broad application for the reported iNPC platform in the study of kidney development, disease, plasticity, and regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Biao Huang
- USC/UKRO Kidney Research Center, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Zipeng Zeng
- USC/UKRO Kidney Research Center, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Sunghyun Kim
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Connor C Fausto
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Kari Koppitch
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Hui Li
- USC/UKRO Kidney Research Center, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Zexu Li
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, P.R. China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Jinjin Guo
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Chennan C Zhang
- USC/UKRO Kidney Research Center, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Tianyi Ma
- USC/UKRO Kidney Research Center, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Pedro Medina
- USC/UKRO Kidney Research Center, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Megan E Schreiber
- USC/UKRO Kidney Research Center, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Mateo W Xia
- USC/UKRO Kidney Research Center, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Ariel C Vonk
- USC/UKRO Kidney Research Center, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Tianyuan Xiang
- USC/UKRO Kidney Research Center, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Tadrushi Patel
- USC/UKRO Kidney Research Center, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Yidan Li
- USC/UKRO Kidney Research Center, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Riana K Parvez
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Balint Der
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest 3170, Hungary
| | - Jyun Hao Chen
- USC/UKRO Kidney Research Center, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Zhenqing Liu
- Division of Stem Cell Biology Research, Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Matthew E Thornton
- Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Brendan H Grubbs
- Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Yarui Diao
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Yali Dou
- Department of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Ksenia Gnedeva
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; Tina and Rick Caruso Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Qilong Ying
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Nuria M Pastor-Soler
- USC/UKRO Kidney Research Center, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Teng Fei
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, P.R. China
| | - Kenneth R Hallows
- USC/UKRO Kidney Research Center, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Nils O Lindström
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Andrew P McMahon
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Zhongwei Li
- USC/UKRO Kidney Research Center, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Mencattini A, Daprati E, Della-Morte D, Guadagni F, Sangiuolo F, Martinelli E. Assembloid learning: opportunities and challenges for personalized approaches to brain functioning in health and disease. Front Artif Intell 2024; 7:1385871. [PMID: 38708094 PMCID: PMC11066156 DOI: 10.3389/frai.2024.1385871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Mencattini
- Department of Electronic Engineering, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
- Interdisciplinary Center of Advanced Study of Organ-on-Chip and Lab-on-Chip Applications (IC-LOC), University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Elena Daprati
- Department of System Medicine and Centro di Biomedicina Spaziale (CBMS), University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - David Della-Morte
- Interdisciplinary Center of Advanced Study of Organ-on-Chip and Lab-on-Chip Applications (IC-LOC), University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
- San Raffaele Rome University, Rome, Italy
| | - Fiorella Guadagni
- San Raffaele Rome University, Rome, Italy
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) San Raffaele, Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Sangiuolo
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Eugenio Martinelli
- Department of Electronic Engineering, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
- Interdisciplinary Center of Advanced Study of Organ-on-Chip and Lab-on-Chip Applications (IC-LOC), University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Oishi H, Tabibzadeh N, Morizane R. Advancing preclinical drug evaluation through automated 3D imaging for high-throughput screening with kidney organoids. Biofabrication 2024; 16:035003. [PMID: 38547531 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/ad38df] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
High-throughput drug screening is crucial for advancing healthcare through drug discovery. However, a significant limitation arises from availablein vitromodels using conventional 2D cell culture, which lack the proper phenotypes and architectures observed in three-dimensional (3D) tissues. Recent advancements in stem cell biology have facilitated the generation of organoids-3D tissue constructs that mimic human organsin vitro. Kidney organoids, derived from human pluripotent stem cells, represent a significant breakthrough in disease representation. They encompass major kidney cell types organized within distinct nephron segments, surrounded by stroma and endothelial cells. This tissue allows for the assessment of structural alterations such as nephron loss, a characteristic of chronic kidney disease. Despite these advantages, the complexity of 3D structures has hindered the use of organoids for large-scale drug screening, and the drug screening pipelines utilizing these complexin vitromodels remain to be established for high-throughput screening. In this study, we address the technical limitations of kidney organoids through fully automated 3D imaging, aided by a machine-learning approach for automatic profiling of nephron segment-specific epithelial morphometry. Kidney organoids were exposed to the nephrotoxic agent cisplatin to model severe acute kidney injury. An U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drug library was tested for therapeutic and nephrotoxicity screening. The fully automated pipeline of 3D image acquisition and analysis identified nephrotoxic or therapeutic drugs during cisplatin chemotherapy. The nephrotoxic potential of these drugs aligned with previousin vivoand human reports. Additionally, Imatinib, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor used in hematological malignancies, was identified as a potential preventive therapy for cisplatin-induced kidney injury. Our proof-of-concept report demonstrates that the automated screening process, using 3D morphometric assays with kidney organoids, enables high-throughput screening for nephrotoxicity and therapeutic assessment in 3D tissue constructs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haruka Oishi
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Nahid Tabibzadeh
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Ryuji Morizane
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute (HSCI), Cambridge, MA, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Ma W, Zheng Y, Yang G, Zhang H, Lu M, Ma H, Wu C, Lu H. A bioactive calcium silicate nanowire-containing hydrogel for organoid formation and functionalization. Mater Horiz 2024. [PMID: 38586926 DOI: 10.1039/d4mh00228h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Organoids, which are 3D multicellular constructs, have garnered significant attention in recent years. Existing organoid culture methods predominantly utilize natural and synthetic polymeric hydrogels. This study explored the potential of a composite hydrogel mainly consisting of calcium silicate (CS) nanowires and methacrylated gelatin (GelMA) as a substrate for organoid formation and functionalization, specifically for intestinal and liver organoids. Furthermore, the research delved into the mechanisms by which CS nanowires promote the structure formation and development of organoids. It was discovered that CS nanowires can influence the stiffness of the hydrogel, thereby regulating the expression of the mechanosensory factor yes-associated protein (YAP). Additionally, the bioactive ions released by CS nanowires in the culture medium could accelerate Wnt/β-catenin signaling, further stimulating organoid development. Moreover, bioactive ions were found to enhance the nutrient absorption and ATP metabolic activity of intestinal organoids. Overall, the CS/GelMA composite hydrogel proves to be a promising substrate for organoid formation and development. This research suggested that inorganic biomaterials hold significant potential in organoid research, offering bioactivities, biosafety, and cost-effectiveness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenping Ma
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China.
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yi Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China.
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Guangzhen Yang
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China.
| | - Hongjian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China.
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Mingxia Lu
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China.
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hongshi Ma
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China.
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chengtie Wu
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China.
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hongxu Lu
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China.
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Vishy CE, Thomas C, Vincent T, Crawford DK, Goddeeris MM, Freedman BS. Genetics of cystogenesis in base-edited human organoids reveal therapeutic strategies for polycystic kidney disease. Cell Stem Cell 2024; 31:537-553.e5. [PMID: 38579684 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2024.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
In polycystic kidney disease (PKD), microscopic tubules expand into macroscopic cysts. Among the world's most common genetic disorders, PKD is inherited via heterozygous loss-of-function mutations but is theorized to require additional loss of function. To test this, we establish human pluripotent stem cells in allelic series representing four common nonsense mutations, using CRISPR base editing. When differentiated into kidney organoids, homozygous mutants spontaneously form cysts, whereas heterozygous mutants (original or base corrected) express no phenotype. Using these, we identify eukaryotic ribosomal selective glycosides (ERSGs) as PKD therapeutics enabling ribosomal readthrough of these same nonsense mutations. Two different ERSGs not only prevent cyst initiation but also limit growth of pre-formed cysts by partially restoring polycystin expression. Furthermore, glycosides accumulate in cyst epithelia in organoids and mice. Our findings define the human polycystin threshold as a surmountable drug target for pharmacological or gene therapy interventions, with relevance for understanding disease mechanisms and future clinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Courtney E Vishy
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, and Kidney Research Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Chardai Thomas
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, and Kidney Research Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Thomas Vincent
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, and Kidney Research Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Daniel K Crawford
- Eloxx Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 950 Winter Street, Waltham, MA 02451, USA
| | | | - Benjamin S Freedman
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, and Kidney Research Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Plurexa, 1209 6th Ave. N., Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Nerger BA, Sinha S, Lee NN, Cheriyan M, Bertsch P, Johnson CP, Mahadevan L, Bonventre JV, Mooney DJ. 3D Hydrogel Encapsulation Regulates Nephrogenesis in Kidney Organoids. Adv Mater 2024; 36:e2308325. [PMID: 38180232 PMCID: PMC10994733 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202308325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Stem cell-derived kidney organoids contain nephron segments that recapitulate morphological and functional aspects of the human kidney. However, directed differentiation protocols for kidney organoids are largely conducted using biochemical signals to control differentiation. Here, the hypothesis that mechanical signals regulate nephrogenesis is investigated in 3D culture by encapsulating kidney organoids within viscoelastic alginate hydrogels with varying rates of stress relaxation. Tubular nephron segments are significantly more convoluted in kidney organoids differentiated in encapsulating hydrogels when compared with those in suspension culture. Hydrogel viscoelasticity regulates the spatial distribution of nephron segments within the differentiating kidney organoids. Consistent with these observations, a particle-based computational model predicts that the extent of deformation of the hydrogel-organoid interface regulates the morphology of nephron segments. Elevated extracellular calcium levels in the culture medium, which can be impacted by the hydrogels, decrease the glomerulus-to-tubule ratio of nephron segments. These findings reveal that hydrogel encapsulation regulates nephron patterning and morphology and suggest that the mechanical microenvironment is an important design variable for kidney regenerative medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bryan A. Nerger
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sumit Sinha
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Department of Data Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Nathan N. Lee
- Division of Renal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Maria Cheriyan
- Harvard College, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Pascal Bertsch
- Radboud University Medical Center, Department of Dentistry – Regenerative Biomaterials, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Christopher P. Johnson
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - L. Mahadevan
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Joseph V. Bonventre
- Division of Renal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - David J. Mooney
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Dilmen E, Orhon I, Jansen J, Hoenderop JGJ. Advancements in kidney organoids and tubuloids to study (dys)function. Trends Cell Biol 2024; 34:299-311. [PMID: 37865608 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2023.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
Abstract
The rising prevalence of kidney diseases urges the need for novel therapies. Kidney organoids and tubuloids are advanced in vitro models and have recently been described as promising tools to study kidney (patho)physiology. Recent developments have shown their application in disease modeling, drug screening, and nephrotoxicity. These applications rely on their ability to mimic (dys)function in vitro including endocrine activity and drug, electrolyte, and water transport. This review provides an overview of these emerging kidney models and focuses on the most recent developments that utilize their functional capabilities. In addition, we cover current limitations and provide future perspectives for this rapidly evolving field, including what these functional properties mean for translational and personalized medicine now and in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Dilmen
- Department of Medical BioSciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - I Orhon
- Department of Medical BioSciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - J Jansen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology, and Transplantation, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Institute of Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - J G J Hoenderop
- Department of Medical BioSciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Tabibzadeh N, Morizane R. Advancements in therapeutic development: kidney organoids and organs on a chip. Kidney Int 2024; 105:702-708. [PMID: 38296026 PMCID: PMC10960684 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2023.11.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
The use of animal models in therapeutic development has long been the standard practice. However, ethical concerns and the inherent species differences have prompted a reevaluation of the experimental approach in human disease studies. The urgent need for alternative model systems that better mimic human pathophysiology has led to the emergence of organoids, innovative in vitro models, to simulate human organs in vitro. These organoids have gained widespread acceptance in disease models and drug development research. In this mini review, we explore the recent strides made in kidney organoid differentiation and highlight the synergistic potential of incorporating organ-on-chip systems. The emergent use of microfluidic devices reveals the importance of fluid flow in the maturation of kidney organoids and helps decipher pathomechanisms in kidney diseases. Recent research has uncovered their potential applications across a wide spectrum of kidney research areas, including hemodynamic forces at stake in kidney health and disease, immune cell infiltration, or drug delivery and toxicity. This convergence of cutting-edge technologies not only holds promise for expediting therapeutic development but also reflects an acknowledgment of the need to embrace innovative and more human-centric research models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nahid Tabibzadeh
- Nephrology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, EMR 8228, Paris, France
| | - Ryuji Morizane
- Nephrology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA; Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Zhao HH, Haddad G. Brain organoid protocols and limitations. Front Cell Neurosci 2024; 18:1351734. [PMID: 38572070 PMCID: PMC10987830 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2024.1351734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Stem cell-derived organoid technology is a powerful tool that revolutionizes the field of biomedical research and extends the scope of our understanding of human biology and diseases. Brain organoids especially open an opportunity for human brain research and modeling many human neurological diseases, which have lagged due to the inaccessibility of human brain samples and lack of similarity with other animal models. Brain organoids can be generated through various protocols and mimic whole brain or region-specific. To provide an overview of brain organoid technology, we summarize currently available protocols and list several factors to consider before choosing protocols. We also outline the limitations of current protocols and challenges that need to be solved in future investigation of brain development and pathobiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Helen H. Zhao
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Gabriel Haddad
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
- The Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, CA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Smandri A, Al-Masawa ME, Hwei NM, Fauzi MB. ECM-derived biomaterials for regulating tissue multicellularity and maturation. iScience 2024; 27:109141. [PMID: 38405613 PMCID: PMC10884934 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent breakthroughs in developing human-relevant organotypic models led to the building of highly resemblant tissue constructs that hold immense potential for transplantation, drug screening, and disease modeling. Despite the progress in fine-tuning stem cell multilineage differentiation in highly controlled spatiotemporal conditions and hosting microenvironments, 3D models still experience naive and incomplete morphogenesis. In particular, existing systems and induction protocols fail to maintain stem cell long-term potency, induce high tissue-level multicellularity, or drive the maturity of stem cell-derived 3D models to levels seen in their in vivo counterparts. In this review, we highlight the use of extracellular matrix (ECM)-derived biomaterials in providing stem cell niche-mimicking microenvironment capable of preserving stem cell long-term potency and inducing spatial and region-specific differentiation. We also examine the maturation of different 3D models, including organoids, encapsulated in ECM biomaterials and provide looking-forward perspectives on employing ECM biomaterials in building more innovative, transplantable, and functional organs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Smandri
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Maimonah Eissa Al-Masawa
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Ng Min Hwei
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Mh Busra Fauzi
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Chen J, Liu Z, Wang Z, Zhang X, Zhang Y, Zhan Z, Gong X, Xu T. One-step biofabrication of liquid core-GelMa shell microbeads for in situ hollow cell ball self-assembly. Regen Biomater 2024; 11:rbae021. [PMID: 38525324 PMCID: PMC10960924 DOI: 10.1093/rb/rbae021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
There are many instances of hollow-structure morphogenesis in the development of tissues. Thus, the fabrication of hollow structures in a simple, high-throughput and homogeneous manner with proper natural biomaterial combination is valuable for developmental studies and tissue engineering, while it is a significant challenge in biofabrication field. We present a novel method for the fabrication of a hollow cell module using a coaxial co-flow capillary microfluidic device. Sacrificial gelatin laden with cells in the inner layer and GelMa in the outer layer are used via a coaxial co-flow capillary microfluidic device to produce homogenous micro-beads. The overall and core sizes of core-shell microbeads were well controlled. When using human vein vascular endothelial cells to demonstrate how cells line the inner surface of core-shell beads, as the core liquifies, a hollow cell ball with asymmetric features is fabricated. After release from the GelMa shell, individual cell balls are obtained and deformed cell balls can self-recover. This platform paves way for complex hollow tissue modeling in vitro, and further modulation of matrix stiffness, curvature and biochemical composition to mimic in vivo microenvironments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianwei Chen
- Bio-intelligent Manufacturing and Living Matter Bioprinting Center, Research Institute of Tsinghua University in Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518057, People’s Republic of China
- Precision Medicine and Healthcare Research Center, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute (TBSI), Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zeyang Liu
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Nanshan District, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zixian Wang
- Precision Medicine and Healthcare Research Center, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute (TBSI), Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiuxiu Zhang
- Precision Medicine and Healthcare Research Center, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute (TBSI), Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Precision Medicine and Healthcare Research Center, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute (TBSI), Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhen Zhan
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Nanshan District, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaohua Gong
- School of Optometry and Vision Science Program, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Tao Xu
- Bio-intelligent Manufacturing and Living Matter Bioprinting Center, Research Institute of Tsinghua University in Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518057, People’s Republic of China
- Precision Medicine and Healthcare Research Center, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute (TBSI), Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, People’s Republic of China
- Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Shi H, Kowalczewski A, Vu D, Liu X, Salekin A, Yang H, Ma Z. Organoid intelligence: Integration of organoid technology and artificial intelligence in the new era of in vitro models. Med Nov Technol Devices 2024; 21:100276. [PMID: 38646471 PMCID: PMC11027187 DOI: 10.1016/j.medntd.2023.100276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Organoid Intelligence ushers in a new era by seamlessly integrating cutting-edge organoid technology with the power of artificial intelligence. Organoids, three-dimensional miniature organ-like structures cultivated from stem cells, offer an unparalleled opportunity to simulate complex human organ systems in vitro. Through the convergence of organoid technology and AI, researchers gain the means to accelerate discoveries and insights across various disciplines. Artificial intelligence algorithms enable the comprehensive analysis of intricate organoid behaviors, intricate cellular interactions, and dynamic responses to stimuli. This synergy empowers the development of predictive models, precise disease simulations, and personalized medicine approaches, revolutionizing our understanding of human development, disease mechanisms, and therapeutic interventions. Organoid Intelligence holds the promise of reshaping how we perceive in vitro modeling, propelling us toward a future where these advanced systems play a pivotal role in biomedical research and drug development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huaiyu Shi
- Department of Biomedical & Chemical Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA
- BioInspired Institute for Material and Living Systems, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Andrew Kowalczewski
- Department of Biomedical & Chemical Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA
- BioInspired Institute for Material and Living Systems, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Danny Vu
- Department of Biomedical & Chemical Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Xiyuan Liu
- Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Asif Salekin
- Department of Electrical Engineering & Computer Science, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Huaxiao Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA
| | - Zhen Ma
- Department of Biomedical & Chemical Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA
- BioInspired Institute for Material and Living Systems, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Long HY, Qian ZP, Lan Q, Xu YJ, Da JJ, Yu FX, Zha Y. Human pluripotent stem cell-derived kidney organoids: Current progress and challenges. World J Stem Cells 2024; 16:114-125. [PMID: 38455108 PMCID: PMC10915962 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v16.i2.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-derived kidney organoids share similarities with the fetal kidney. However, the current hPSC-derived kidney organoids have some limitations, including the inability to perform nephrogenesis and lack of a corticomedullary definition, uniform vascular system, and coordinated exit pathway for urinary filtrate. Therefore, further studies are required to produce hPSC-derived kidney organoids that accurately mimic human kidneys to facilitate research on kidney development, regeneration, disease modeling, and drug screening. In this review, we discussed recent advances in the generation of hPSC-derived kidney organoids, how these organoids contribute to the understanding of human kidney development and research in disease modeling. Additionally, the limitations, future research focus, and applications of hPSC-derived kidney organoids were highlighted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Yan Long
- Graduate School, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Zu-Ping Qian
- Graduate School, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Qin Lan
- Graduate School, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Yong-Jie Xu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang 550002, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Jing-Jing Da
- Department of Nephrology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang 550002, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Fu-Xun Yu
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Pulmonary Immune Diseases, National Health Commission, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang 550002, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Yan Zha
- Graduate School, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, Guizhou Province, China
- Department of Nephrology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang 550002, Guizhou Province, China.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Hu S, Hang X, Wei Y, Wang H, Zhang L, Zhao L. Crosstalk among podocytes, glomerular endothelial cells and mesangial cells in diabetic kidney disease: an updated review. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:136. [PMID: 38374141 PMCID: PMC10875896 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-024-01502-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a long-term and serious complication of diabetes that affects millions of people worldwide. It is characterized by proteinuria, glomerular damage, and renal fibrosis, leading to end-stage renal disease, and the pathogenesis is complex and involves multiple cellular and molecular mechanisms. Among three kinds of intraglomerular cells including podocytes, glomerular endothelial cells (GECs) and mesangial cells (MCs), the alterations in one cell type can produce changes in the others. The cell-to-cell crosstalk plays a crucial role in maintaining the glomerular filtration barrier (GFB) and homeostasis. In this review, we summarized the recent advances in understanding the pathological changes and interactions of these three types of cells in DKD and then focused on the signaling pathways and factors that mediate the crosstalk, such as angiopoietins, vascular endothelial growth factors, transforming growth factor-β, Krüppel-like factors, retinoic acid receptor response protein 1 and exosomes, etc. Furthermore, we also simply introduce the application of the latest technologies in studying cell interactions within glomerular cells and new promising mediators for cell crosstalk in DKD. In conclusion, this review provides a comprehensive and updated overview of the glomerular crosstalk in DKD and highlights its importance for the development of novel intervention approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shiwan Hu
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang' anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Xing Hang
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang' anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yu Wei
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang' anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Han Wang
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Lili Zhang
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang' anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China.
| | - Linhua Zhao
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang' anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Pahuja A, Goux Corredera I, Moya-Rull D, Garreta E, Montserrat N. Engineering physiological environments to advance kidney organoid models from human pluripotent stem cells. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2024; 86:102306. [PMID: 38194750 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2023.102306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
During embryogenesis, the mammalian kidney arises because of reciprocal interactions between the ureteric bud (UB) and the metanephric mesenchyme (MM), driving UB branching and nephron induction. These morphogenetic processes involve a series of cellular rearrangements that are tightly controlled by gene regulatory networks and signaling cascades. Here, we discuss how kidney developmental studies have informed the definition of procedures to obtain kidney organoids from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs). Moreover, bioengineering techniques have emerged as potential solutions to externally impose controlled microenvironments for organoid generation from hPSCs. Next, we summarize some of these advances with major focus On recent works merging hPSC-derived kidney organoids (hPSC-kidney organoids) with organ-on-chip to develop robust models for drug discovery and disease modeling applications. We foresee that, in the near future, coupling of different organoid models through bioengineering approaches will help advancing to recreate organ-to-organ crosstalk to increase our understanding on kidney disease progression in the human context and search for new therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anisha Pahuja
- Pluripotency for Organ Regeneration. Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Iphigénie Goux Corredera
- Pluripotency for Organ Regeneration. Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniel Moya-Rull
- Pluripotency for Organ Regeneration. Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elena Garreta
- Pluripotency for Organ Regeneration. Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08028 Barcelona, Spain; University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Nuria Montserrat
- Pluripotency for Organ Regeneration. Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08028 Barcelona, Spain; University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Barcelona, Spain; Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Mulaudzi PE, Abrahamse H, Crous A. Insights on Three Dimensional Organoid Studies for Stem Cell Therapy in Regenerative Medicine. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2024; 20:509-523. [PMID: 38095787 PMCID: PMC10837234 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-023-10655-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Regenerative medicine has developed as a promising discipline that utilizes stem cells to address limitations in traditional therapies, using innovative techniques to restore and repair damaged organs and tissues. One such technique is the generation of three-dimensional (3D) organoids in stem cell therapy. Organoids are 3D constructs that resemble specific organs' structural and functional characteristics and are generated from stem cells or tissue-specific progenitor cells. The use of 3D organoids is advantageous in comparison to traditional two-dimensional (2D) cell culture by bridging the gap between in vivo and in vitro research. This review aims to provide an overview of the advancements made towards regenerative medicine using stem cells to generate organoids, explore the techniques used in generating 3D organoids and their applications and finally elucidate the challenges and future directions in regenerative medicine using 3D organoids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Precious Earldom Mulaudzi
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein, 2028, South Africa
| | - Heidi Abrahamse
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein, 2028, South Africa
| | - Anine Crous
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein, 2028, South Africa.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Matsui K, Sekine H, Ishikawa J, Enosawa S, Matsumoto N, Inage Y, Kinoshita Y, Morimoto K, Yamamoto S, Koda N, Yamanaka S, Yokoo T, Kobayashi E. Exploration of Preservation Methods for Utilizing Porcine Fetal-Organ-Derived Cells in Regenerative Medicine Research. Cells 2024; 13:228. [PMID: 38334620 PMCID: PMC10854901 DOI: 10.3390/cells13030228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cells have been employed in generating organoids, yet their immaturity compared to fetal organs and the limited induction of all constituent cell types remain challenges. Porcine fetal progenitor cells have emerged as promising candidates for co-culturing with human progenitor cells in regeneration and xenotransplantation research. This study focused on identifying proper preservation methods for porcine fetal kidneys, hearts, and livers, aiming to optimize their potential as cell sources. Extracted from fetal microminiature pigs, these organs were dissociated before and after cryopreservation-thawing, with subsequent cell quality evaluations. Kidney cells, dissociated and aggregated after vitrification in a whole-organ form, were successfully differentiated into glomeruli and tubules in vivo. In contrast, freezing hearts and livers before dissociation yielded suboptimal results. Heart cells, frozen after dissociation, exhibited pulsating heart muscle cells similar to non-frozen hearts. As for liver cells, we developed a direct tissue perfusion technique and successfully obtained highly viable liver parenchymal cells. Freezing dissociated liver cells, although inferior to their non-frozen counterparts, maintained the ability for colony formation. The findings of this study provide valuable insights into suitable preservation methods for porcine fetal cells from kidneys, hearts, and livers, contributing to the advancement of regeneration and xenotransplantation research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Matsui
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan
| | - Hidekazu Sekine
- Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, Tokyo 162-0056, Japan;
| | - Jun Ishikawa
- Division for Advanced Medical Sciences, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan (S.E.)
| | - Shin Enosawa
- Division for Advanced Medical Sciences, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan (S.E.)
- Department of Kidney Regenerative Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan
| | - Naoto Matsumoto
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan
| | - Yuka Inage
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan
- Department of Pediatrics, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Kinoshita
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan
| | - Keita Morimoto
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan
| | - Shutaro Yamamoto
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan
- Department of Urology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan
| | - Nagisa Koda
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan
| | - Shuichiro Yamanaka
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan
| | - Takashi Yokoo
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan
| | - Eiji Kobayashi
- Department of Kidney Regenerative Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Yousef Yengej FA, Pou Casellas C, Ammerlaan CME, Olde Hanhof CJA, Dilmen E, Beumer J, Begthel H, Meeder EMG, Hoenderop JG, Rookmaaker MB, Verhaar MC, Clevers H. Tubuloid differentiation to model the human distal nephron and collecting duct in health and disease. Cell Rep 2024; 43:113614. [PMID: 38159278 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Organoid technology is rapidly gaining ground for studies on organ (patho)physiology. Tubuloids are long-term expanding organoids grown from adult kidney tissue or urine. The progenitor state of expanding tubuloids comes at the expense of differentiation. Here, we differentiate tubuloids to model the distal nephron and collecting ducts, essential functional parts of the kidney. Differentiation suppresses progenitor traits and upregulates genes required for function. A single-cell atlas reveals that differentiation predominantly generates thick ascending limb and principal cells. Differentiated human tubuloids express luminal NKCC2 and ENaC capable of diuretic-inhibitable electrolyte uptake and enable disease modeling as demonstrated by a lithium-induced tubulopathy model. Lithium causes hallmark AQP2 loss, induces proliferation, and upregulates inflammatory mediators, as seen in vivo. Lithium also suppresses electrolyte transport in multiple segments. In conclusion, this tubuloid model enables modeling of the human distal nephron and collecting duct in health and disease and provides opportunities to develop improved therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fjodor A Yousef Yengej
- Hubrecht Institute for Developmental Biology and Stem Cell Research-KNAW & University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Carla Pou Casellas
- Hubrecht Institute for Developmental Biology and Stem Cell Research-KNAW & University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Carola M E Ammerlaan
- Hubrecht Institute for Developmental Biology and Stem Cell Research-KNAW & University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Charlotte J A Olde Hanhof
- Department of Medical BioSciences, Radboud Institute for Medical Innovation, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Emre Dilmen
- Department of Medical BioSciences, Radboud Institute for Medical Innovation, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Joep Beumer
- Hubrecht Institute for Developmental Biology and Stem Cell Research-KNAW, 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands; Institute of Human Biology, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Harry Begthel
- Hubrecht Institute for Developmental Biology and Stem Cell Research-KNAW, 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Elise M G Meeder
- Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Joost G Hoenderop
- Department of Medical BioSciences, Radboud Institute for Medical Innovation, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Maarten B Rookmaaker
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Marianne C Verhaar
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | - Hans Clevers
- Hubrecht Institute for Developmental Biology and Stem Cell Research-KNAW & University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Hubrecht Institute-KNAW, 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Davis SN, Grindel SH, Viola JM, Liu GY, Liu J, Qian G, Porter CM, Hughes AJ. Nephron progenitors rhythmically alternate between renewal and differentiation phases that synchronize with kidney branching morphogenesis. bioRxiv 2024:2023.11.21.568157. [PMID: 38045273 PMCID: PMC10690271 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.21.568157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
The mammalian kidney achieves massive parallelization of function by exponentially duplicating nephron-forming niches during development. Each niche caps a tip of the ureteric bud epithelium (the future urinary collecting duct tree) as it undergoes branching morphogenesis, while nephron progenitors within niches balance self-renewal and differentiation to early nephron cells. Nephron formation rate approximately matches branching rate over a large fraction of mouse gestation, yet the nature of this apparent pace-maker is unknown. Here we correlate spatial transcriptomics data with branching 'life-cycle' to discover rhythmically alternating signatures of nephron progenitor differentiation and renewal across Wnt, Hippo-Yap, retinoic acid (RA), and other pathways. We then find in human stem-cell derived nephron progenitor organoids that Wnt/β-catenin-induced differentiation is converted to a renewal signal when it temporally overlaps with YAP activation. Similar experiments using RA activation indicate a role in setting nephron progenitor exit from the naive state, the spatial extent of differentiation, and nephron segment bias. Together the data suggest that nephron progenitor interpretation of consistent Wnt/β-catenin differentiation signaling in the niche may be modified by rhythmic activity in ancillary pathways to set the pace of nephron formation. This would synchronize nephron formation with ureteric bud branching, which creates new sites for nephron condensation. Our data bring temporal resolution to the renewal vs. differentiation balance in the nephrogenic niche and inform new strategies to achieve self-sustaining nephron formation in synthetic human kidney tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sachin N Davis
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, PA, USA
- Bioengineering Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, PA, USA
| | - Samuel H Grindel
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, PA, USA
- Bioengineering Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, PA, USA
| | - John M Viola
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, PA, USA
- Bioengineering Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, PA, USA
| | - Grace Y Liu
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, PA, USA
- Bioengineering Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, PA, USA
| | - Jiageng Liu
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, PA, USA
- Bioengineering Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, PA, USA
| | - Grace Qian
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, PA, USA
- Bioengineering Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, PA, USA
| | - Catherine M Porter
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, PA, USA
- Bioengineering Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, PA, USA
| | - Alex J Hughes
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, PA, USA
- Bioengineering Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, PA, USA
- Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, PA, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, PA, USA
- Center for Soft and Living Matter, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, PA, USA
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, PA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Wu S, Li C, Li Y, Liu J, Rong C, Pei H, Li X, Zeng X, Mao W. SLC2A9 rs16890979 reduces uric acid absorption by kidney organoids. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 11:1268226. [PMID: 38269090 PMCID: PMC10806012 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1268226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The excretion and absorption of uric acid (UA) by the kidneys helps regulate serum UA levels. GLUT9, encoded by SLC2A9, is mainly expressed in the renal tubules responsible for UA absorption. SLC2A9 polymorphisms are associated with different serum UA levels. However, the lack of proper in vitro models has stalled research on the mechanisms of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that affect UA metabolism in human urate transporters. Methods: In this study, we constructed a gene-edited human embryonic stem cells-9 (ESC-H9) derived kidney organoid bearing rs16890979, an SLC2A9 missense mutation with undetermined associations with hyperuricemia or hypouricemia. Kidney organoids derived from ESC-H9 with genetical overexpression (OE) and low expression (shRNA) of SLC2A9 to serve as controls to study the function of SLC2A9. The function of rs16890979 on UA metabolism was evaluated after placing the organoids to urate-containing medium and following histopathological analysis. Results: The kidney organoids with heterozygous or homozygous rs16890979 mutations showed normal SLC2A9 expression levels and histological distribution, phenotypically similar to the wild-type controls. However, reduced absorption of UA by the kidney organoids with rs16890979 mutants was observed. This finding together with the observation that UA absorption is increased in organoids with SLC2A9 overexpression and decreased in those with SLC2A9 knockdown, suggest that GLUT9 is responsible for UA absorption, and the rs16890979 SNP may compromise this functionality. Moreover, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) was detected in organoids after UA treatment, especially in the kidney organoid carrying GLUT9OE, suggesting the cytobiological mechanism explaining the pathological features in hyperuricosuria-related renal injury. Discussion: This study showing the transitional value of kidney organoid modeling the function of SNPs on UA metabolism. With a defined genetic background and a confirmed UA absorption function should be useful for studies on renal histological, cellular, and molecular mechanisms with this organoid model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shouhai Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chuang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Refractory Chronic Diseases, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yizhen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junyi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cuiping Rong
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongfei Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiang Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Lab of Stem Cell Biology and Innovative Research of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine/Guangdong Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- National Institute for Stem Cell Clinical Research, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine/The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Refractory Chronic Diseases, Guangzhou, China
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Liu M, Zhang C, Gong X, Zhang T, Lian MM, Chew EGY, Cardilla A, Suzuki K, Wang H, Yuan Y, Li Y, Naik MY, Wang Y, Zhou B, Soon WZ, Aizawa E, Li P, Low JH, Tandiono M, Montagud E, Moya-Rull D, Rodriguez Esteban C, Luque Y, Fang M, Khor CC, Montserrat N, Campistol JM, Izpisua Belmonte JC, Foo JN, Xia Y. Kidney organoid models reveal cilium-autophagy metabolic axis as a therapeutic target for PKD both in vitro and in vivo. Cell Stem Cell 2024; 31:52-70.e8. [PMID: 38181751 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2023.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cell-derived kidney organoids offer unprecedented opportunities for studying polycystic kidney disease (PKD), which still has no effective cure. Here, we developed both in vitro and in vivo organoid models of PKD that manifested tubular injury and aberrant upregulation of renin-angiotensin aldosterone system. Single-cell analysis revealed that a myriad of metabolic changes occurred during cystogenesis, including defective autophagy. Experimental activation of autophagy via ATG5 overexpression or primary cilia ablation significantly inhibited cystogenesis in PKD kidney organoids. Employing the organoid xenograft model of PKD, which spontaneously developed tubular cysts, we demonstrate that minoxidil, a potent autophagy activator and an FDA-approved drug, effectively attenuated cyst formation in vivo. This in vivo organoid model of PKD will enhance our capability to discover novel disease mechanisms and validate candidate drugs for clinical translation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meng Liu
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore 308232, Singapore
| | - Chao Zhang
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore 308232, Singapore
| | - Ximing Gong
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore 308232, Singapore
| | - Tian Zhang
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore 308232, Singapore
| | - Michelle Mulan Lian
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore 308232, Singapore; Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, A∗STAR, Singapore 138672, Singapore
| | - Elaine Guo Yan Chew
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore 308232, Singapore; Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, A∗STAR, Singapore 138672, Singapore
| | - Angelysia Cardilla
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore 308232, Singapore
| | - Keiichiro Suzuki
- Institute for Advanced Co-Creation Studies, Osaka University, Toyonaka 560-8531, Osaka, Japan; Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka 560-8531, Osaka, Japan; Graduate School of Frontier Bioscience, Osaka University, Suita 560-8531, Osaka, Japan
| | - Huamin Wang
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore 308232, Singapore
| | - Yuan Yuan
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore 308232, Singapore; Institute of Special Environmental Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yan Li
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore 308232, Singapore
| | - Mihir Yogesh Naik
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore 308232, Singapore
| | - Yixuan Wang
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore 308232, Singapore
| | - Bingrui Zhou
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore 308232, Singapore
| | - Wei Ze Soon
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore 308232, Singapore
| | - Emi Aizawa
- Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka 560-8531, Osaka, Japan
| | - Pin Li
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore 308232, Singapore
| | - Jian Hui Low
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore 308232, Singapore
| | - Moses Tandiono
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore 308232, Singapore; Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, A∗STAR, Singapore 138672, Singapore
| | - Enrique Montagud
- Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Career Villarroel, 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniel Moya-Rull
- Pluripotency for Organ Regeneration (PR Lab), Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Yosu Luque
- Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Career Villarroel, 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mingliang Fang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Chiea Chuen Khor
- Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, A∗STAR, Singapore 138672, Singapore; Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore 169857, Singapore; Singapore Eye Research Institute, 20 College Road Discovery Tower, Level 6 The Academia, Singapore 169856, Singapore
| | - Nuria Montserrat
- Pluripotency for Organ Regeneration (PR Lab), Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08028 Barcelona, Spain; University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Passeig de Lluís Companys, 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain; Networking Biomedical Research Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Josep M Campistol
- Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Career Villarroel, 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Jia Nee Foo
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore 308232, Singapore; Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, A∗STAR, Singapore 138672, Singapore.
| | - Yun Xia
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore 308232, Singapore.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Li M, Guo X, Cheng L, Zhang H, Zhou M, Zhang M, Yin Z, Guo T, Zhao L, Liu H, Liang X, Li R. Porcine Kidney Organoids Derived from Naïve-like Embryonic Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:682. [PMID: 38203853 PMCID: PMC10779635 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The scarcity of donor kidneys greatly impacts the survival of patients with end-stage renal failure. Pigs are increasingly becoming potential organ donors but are limited by immunological rejection. Based on the human kidney organoid already established with the CHIR99021 and FGF9 induction strategy, we generated porcine kidney organoids from porcine naïve-like ESCs (nESCs). The derived porcine organoids had a tubule-like constructure and matrix components. The porcine organoids expressed renal markers including AQP1 (proximal tubule), WT1 and PODO (podocyte), and CD31 (vascular endothelial cells). These results imply that the organoids had developed the majority of the renal cell types and structures, including glomeruli and proximal tubules. The porcine organoids were also identified to have a dextran absorptive function. Importantly, porcine organoids have a certain abundance of vascular endothelial cells, which are the basis for investigating immune rejection. The derived porcine organoids might serve as materials for immunosuppressor screening for xenotransplantation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meishuang Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; (M.L.); (X.G.); (L.C.); (H.Z.); (M.Z.); (M.Z.); (Z.Y.); (T.G.); (L.Z.); (H.L.)
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Xiyun Guo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; (M.L.); (X.G.); (L.C.); (H.Z.); (M.Z.); (M.Z.); (Z.Y.); (T.G.); (L.Z.); (H.L.)
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Linxin Cheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; (M.L.); (X.G.); (L.C.); (H.Z.); (M.Z.); (M.Z.); (Z.Y.); (T.G.); (L.Z.); (H.L.)
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; (M.L.); (X.G.); (L.C.); (H.Z.); (M.Z.); (M.Z.); (Z.Y.); (T.G.); (L.Z.); (H.L.)
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Meng Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; (M.L.); (X.G.); (L.C.); (H.Z.); (M.Z.); (M.Z.); (Z.Y.); (T.G.); (L.Z.); (H.L.)
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Manling Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; (M.L.); (X.G.); (L.C.); (H.Z.); (M.Z.); (M.Z.); (Z.Y.); (T.G.); (L.Z.); (H.L.)
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Zhibao Yin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; (M.L.); (X.G.); (L.C.); (H.Z.); (M.Z.); (M.Z.); (Z.Y.); (T.G.); (L.Z.); (H.L.)
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Tianxu Guo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; (M.L.); (X.G.); (L.C.); (H.Z.); (M.Z.); (M.Z.); (Z.Y.); (T.G.); (L.Z.); (H.L.)
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Lihua Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; (M.L.); (X.G.); (L.C.); (H.Z.); (M.Z.); (M.Z.); (Z.Y.); (T.G.); (L.Z.); (H.L.)
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Han Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; (M.L.); (X.G.); (L.C.); (H.Z.); (M.Z.); (M.Z.); (Z.Y.); (T.G.); (L.Z.); (H.L.)
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Xiubin Liang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China;
| | - Rongfeng Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; (M.L.); (X.G.); (L.C.); (H.Z.); (M.Z.); (M.Z.); (Z.Y.); (T.G.); (L.Z.); (H.L.)
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Abstract
Organoid technology, as a three-dimensional (3D) culture method, provides a feasible tool to self-organize multiple types of organ-specific cells, construct inherent anatomic structures, and display functional biological activities. For the purpose of renal regeneration, renal organoids are considered as predictive options to form functional kidney substitutions in vitro. Here, we describe an accessible and convenient way to generate renal organoids without differentiation procedures using whole kidney cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liang Chen
- Urology Department, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Li J, Liu J, Xia W, Yang H, Sha W, Chen H. Deciphering the Tumor Microenvironment of Colorectal Cancer and Guiding Clinical Treatment With Patient-Derived Organoid Technology: Progress and Challenges. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2024; 23:15330338231221856. [PMID: 38225190 PMCID: PMC10793199 DOI: 10.1177/15330338231221856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most prevalent malignant tumors of the digestive tract worldwide. Despite notable advancements in CRC treatment, there is an urgent requirement for preclinical model systems capable of accurately predicting drug efficacy in CRC patients, to identify more effective therapeutic options. In recent years, substantial strides have been made in the field of organoid technology, patient-derived organoid models can phenotypically replicate the original intra-tumor and inter-tumor heterogeneity of CRC, reflecting cellular interactions of the tumor microenvironment. Patient-derived organoid models have become an indispensable tool for investigating the pathogenesis of CRC and facilitating translational research. This review focuses on the application of organoid technology in CRC modeling, tumor microenvironment, and guiding clinical treatment, particularly in drug screening and personalized medicine. It also examines the existing challenges encountered in clinical organoid research and provides a prospective outlook on the future development directions of clinical organoid research, encompassing the standardization of organoid culture technology and the application of tissue engineering technology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingwei Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianhua Liu
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wuzheng Xia
- Department of Organ Transplantation, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongwei Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weihong Sha
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Zhang S, Xu G, Wu J, Liu X, Fan Y, Chen J, Wallace G, Gu Q. Microphysiological Constructs and Systems: Biofabrication Tactics, Biomimetic Evaluation Approaches, and Biomedical Applications. Small Methods 2024; 8:e2300685. [PMID: 37798902 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202300685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
In recent decades, microphysiological constructs and systems (MPCs and MPSs) have undergone significant development, ranging from self-organized organoids to high-throughput organ-on-a-chip platforms. Advances in biomaterials, bioinks, 3D bioprinting, micro/nanofabrication, and sensor technologies have contributed to diverse and innovative biofabrication tactics. MPCs and MPSs, particularly tissue chips relevant to absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity, have demonstrated potential as precise, efficient, and economical alternatives to animal models for drug discovery and personalized medicine. However, current approaches mainly focus on the in vitro recapitulation of the human anatomical structure and physiological-biochemical indices at a single or a few simple levels. This review highlights the recent remarkable progress in MPC and MPS models and their applications. The challenges that must be addressed to assess the reliability, quantify the techniques, and utilize the fidelity of the models are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Reproductive Medicine/Department of Fetal Medicine and Prenatal Diagnosis/BioResource Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Obstetric Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, China
| | - Guoshi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Huairou District, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Juan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Huairou District, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiao Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Yong Fan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Reproductive Medicine/Department of Fetal Medicine and Prenatal Diagnosis/BioResource Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Obstetric Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, Australian Institute for Innovative Materials, Innovation Campus, University of Wollongong, North Wollongong, NSW, 2500, Australia
| | - Gordon Wallace
- Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, Australian Institute for Innovative Materials, Innovation Campus, University of Wollongong, North Wollongong, NSW, 2500, Australia
| | - Qi Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Huairou District, Beijing, 100049, China
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Yu P, Zhu H, Bosholm CC, Beiner D, Duan Z, Shetty AK, Mou SS, Kramer PA, Barroso LF, Liu H, Cheng K, Ihnat M, Gorris MA, Aloi JA, Woldemichael JA, Bleyer A, Zhang Y. Precision nephrotoxicity testing using 3D in vitro models. Cell Biosci 2023; 13:231. [PMID: 38129901 PMCID: PMC10740310 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-023-01187-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Nephrotoxicity is a significant concern during the development of new drugs or when assessing the safety of chemicals in consumer products. Traditional methods for testing nephrotoxicity involve animal models or 2D in vitro cell cultures, the latter of which lack the complexity and functionality of the human kidney. 3D in vitro models are created by culturing human primary kidney cells derived from urine in a 3D microenvironment that mimics the fluid shear stresses of the kidney. Thus, 3D in vitro models provide more accurate and reliable predictions of human nephrotoxicity compared to existing 2D models. In this review, we focus on precision nephrotoxicity testing using 3D in vitro models with human autologous urine-derived kidney cells as a promising approach for evaluating drug safety.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Yu
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
- The Fourth Department of Liver Disease, Beijing You An Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hainan Zhu
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Carol Christine Bosholm
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Daniella Beiner
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Zhongping Duan
- The Fourth Department of Liver Disease, Beijing You An Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Avinash K Shetty
- Department of Pediatrics, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Steve S Mou
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pediatrics, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Philip Adam Kramer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Gerontology and Geriatrics, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Luis F Barroso
- Internal Medicine/Infectious Diseases, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Hongbing Liu
- Department of Pediatrics and The Tulane Hypertension and Renal Center of Excellence, Tulane University School of Medicine, Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Kun Cheng
- Division of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City, 2464 Charlotte Street, Kansas City, MO, 64108, USA
| | - Michael Ihnat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Oklahoma College of Pharmacy, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Matthew A Gorris
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism at Wake Forest Baptist Health, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Joseph A Aloi
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism at Wake Forest Baptist Health, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Jobira A Woldemichael
- Division of Nephrology, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Anthony Bleyer
- Division of Nephrology, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Pode-Shakked N, Slack M, Sundaram N, Schreiber R, McCracken KW, Dekel B, Helmrath M, Kopan R. RAAS-deficient organoids indicate delayed angiogenesis as a possible cause for autosomal recessive renal tubular dysgenesis. Nat Commun 2023; 14:8159. [PMID: 38071212 PMCID: PMC10710424 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43795-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Autosomal Recessive Renal Tubular Dysgenesis (AR-RTD) is a fatal genetic disorder characterized by complete absence or severe depletion of proximal tubules (PT) in patients harboring pathogenic variants in genes involved in the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System. To uncover the pathomechanism of AR-RTD, differentiation of ACE-/- and AGTR1-/- induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and AR-RTD patient-derived iPSCs into kidney organoids is leveraged. Comprehensive marker analyses show that both mutant and control organoids generate indistinguishable PT in vitro under normoxic (21% O2) or hypoxic (2% O2) conditions. Fully differentiated (d24) AGTR1-/- and control organoids transplanted under the kidney capsule of immunodeficient mice engraft and mature well, as do renal vesicle stage (d14) control organoids. By contrast, d14 AGTR1-/- organoids fail to engraft due to insufficient pro-angiogenic VEGF-A expression. Notably, growth under hypoxic conditions induces VEGF-A expression and rescues engraftment of AGTR1-/- organoids at d14, as does ectopic expression of VEGF-A. We propose that PT dysgenesis in AR-RTD is primarily a non-autonomous consequence of delayed angiogenesis, starving PT at a critical time in their development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naomi Pode-Shakked
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Megan Slack
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Nambirajan Sundaram
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Ruth Schreiber
- Department of Pediatrics, Soroka University Medical Center, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Kyle W McCracken
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Benjamin Dekel
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Pediatric Stem Cell Research Institute and division of pediatric nephrology, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Michael Helmrath
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Raphael Kopan
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA.
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Gu Y, Zhang W, Wu X, Zhang Y, Xu K, Su J. Organoid assessment technologies. Clin Transl Med 2023; 13:e1499. [PMID: 38115706 PMCID: PMC10731122 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.1499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite enormous advances in the generation of organoids, robust and stable protocols of organoids are still a major challenge to researchers. Research for assessing structures of organoids and the evaluations of their functions on in vitro or in vivo is often limited by precision strategies. A growing interest in assessing organoids has arisen, aimed at standardizing the process of obtaining organoids to accurately resemble human-derived tissue. The complex microenvironment of organoids, intricate cellular crosstalk, organ-specific architectures and further complicate functions urgently quest for high-through schemes. By utilizing multi-omics analysis and single-cell analysis, cell-cell interaction mechanisms can be deciphered, and their structures can be investigated in a detailed view by histological analysis. In this review, we will conclude the novel approaches to study the molecular mechanism and cell heterogeneity of organoids and discuss the histological and morphological similarity of organoids in comparison to the human body. Future perspectives on functional analysis will be developed and the organoids will become mature models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuyuan Gu
- Institute of Translational MedicineShanghai UniversityShanghaiChina
- Organoid Research CenterShanghai UniversityShanghaiChina
- School of MedicineShanghai UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Wencai Zhang
- Department of OrthopedicsFirst Affiliated HospitalJinan UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Xianmin Wu
- Department of OrthopedicsShanghai Zhongye HospitalShanghaiChina
| | - Yuanwei Zhang
- Institute of Translational MedicineShanghai UniversityShanghaiChina
- Organoid Research CenterShanghai UniversityShanghaiChina
- Department of OrthopaedicsXinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai JiaoTong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Ke Xu
- Institute of Translational MedicineShanghai UniversityShanghaiChina
- Organoid Research CenterShanghai UniversityShanghaiChina
- Wenzhou Institute of Shanghai UniversityWenzhouChina
| | - Jiacan Su
- Institute of Translational MedicineShanghai UniversityShanghaiChina
- Organoid Research CenterShanghai UniversityShanghaiChina
- Department of OrthopaedicsXinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai JiaoTong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Tabibzadeh N, Satlin LM, Jain S, Morizane R. Navigating the kidney organoid: insights into assessment and enhancement of nephron function. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2023; 325:F695-F706. [PMID: 37767571 PMCID: PMC10878724 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00166.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Kidney organoids are three-dimensional structures generated from pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) that are capable of recapitulating the major structures of mammalian kidneys. As this technology is expected to be a promising tool for studying renal biology, drug discovery, and regenerative medicine, the functional capacity of kidney organoids has emerged as a critical question in the field. Kidney organoids produced using several protocols harbor key structures of native kidneys. Here, we review the current state, recent advances, and future challenges in the functional characterization of kidney organoids, strategies to accelerate and enhance kidney organoid functions, and access to PSC resources to advance organoid research. The strategies to construct physiologically relevant kidney organoids include the use of organ-on-a-chip technologies that integrate fluid circulation and improve organoid maturation. These approaches result in increased expression of the major tubular transporters and elements of mechanosensory signaling pathways suggestive of improved functionality. Nevertheless, continuous efforts remain crucial to create kidney tissue that more faithfully replicates physiological conditions for future applications in kidney regeneration medicine and their ethical use in patient care.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Kidney organoids are three-dimensional structures derived from stem cells, mimicking the major components of mammalian kidneys. Although they show great promise, their functional capacity has become a critical question. This review explores the advancements and challenges in evaluating and enhancing kidney organoid function, including the use of organ-on-chip technologies, multiomics data, and in vivo transplantation. Integrating these approaches to further enhance their physiological relevance will continue to advance disease modeling and regenerative medicine applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nahid Tabibzadeh
- Nephrology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Lisa M Satlin
- Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States
| | - Sanjay Jain
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
- Department of Pathology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
| | - Ryuji Morizane
- Nephrology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Peng K, Xie W, Wang T, Li Y, de Dieu Habimana J, Amissah OB, Huang J, Chen Y, Ni B, Li Z. HIF-1α promotes kidney organoid vascularization and applications in disease modeling. Stem Cell Res Ther 2023; 14:336. [PMID: 37981699 PMCID: PMC10659095 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-023-03528-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Kidney organoids derived from human pluripotent stem cells (HiPSCs) hold huge applications for drug screening, disease modeling, and cell transplanting therapy. However, these applications are limited since kidney organoid cannot maintain complete morphology and function like human kidney. Kidney organoids are not well differentiated since the core of the organoid lacked oxygen, nutrition, and vasculature, which creates essential niches. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 α (HIF-1α) serves as a critical regulator in vascularization and cell survival under hypoxia environment. Less is known about the role of HIF-1α in kidney organoids in this regard. This study tried to investigate the effect of HIF-1α in kidney organoid vascularization and related disease modeling. METHODS For the vascularization study, kidney organoids were generated from human induced pluripotent stem cells. We overexpressed HIF-1α via plasmid transfection or treated DMOG (Dimethyloxallyl Glycine, an agent for HIF-1α stabilization and accumulation) in kidney progenitor cells to detect the endothelium. For the disease modeling study, we treated kidney organoid with cisplatin under hypoxia environment, with additional HIF-1α transfection. RESULT HIF-1α overexpression elicited kidney organoid vascularization. The endothelial cells and angiotool analysis parameters were increased in HIF-1α plasmid-transfected and DMOG-treated organoids. These angiogenesis processes were partially blocked by VEGFR inhibitors, semaxanib or axitinib. Cisplatin-induced kidney injury (Cleaved caspase 3) was protected by HIF-1α through the upregulation of CD31 and SOD2. CONCLUSION We demonstrated that HIF-1α elicited the process of kidney organoid vascularization and protected against cisplatin-induced kidney organoid injury in hypoxia environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kexin Peng
- NHC Key Laboratory of Birth Defect for Research and Prevention, Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wanqin Xie
- NHC Key Laboratory of Birth Defect for Research and Prevention, Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Tingting Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yamei Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Birth Defect for Research and Prevention, Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jean de Dieu Habimana
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Obed Boadi Amissah
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jufang Huang
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yong Chen
- NHC Key Laboratory of Birth Defect for Research and Prevention, Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Bin Ni
- NHC Key Laboratory of Birth Defect for Research and Prevention, Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - Zhiyuan Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China.
- GZMU-GIBH Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
- GIBH-CUHK Joint Research Laboratory On Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, GIBH-HKU Guangdong-Hong Kong Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research Centre, Guangzhou, China.
- NHC Key Laboratory of Birth Defect for Research and Prevention, Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changsha, China.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Honeycutt SE, N'Guetta PEY, Hardesty DM, Xiong Y, Cooper SL, Stevenson MJ, O'Brien LL. Netrin 1 directs vascular patterning and maturity in the developing kidney. Development 2023; 150:dev201886. [PMID: 37818607 PMCID: PMC10690109 DOI: 10.1242/dev.201886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
The intricate vascular system of the kidneys supports body fluid and organ homeostasis. However, little is known about how vascular architecture is established during kidney development. More specifically, how signals from the kidney influence vessel maturity and patterning remains poorly understood. Netrin 1 (Ntn1) is a secreted ligand that is crucial for vessel and neuronal guidance. Here, we demonstrate that Ntn1 is expressed by Foxd1+ stromal progenitors in the developing mouse kidney and conditional deletion (Foxd1GC/+;Ntn1fl/fl) results in hypoplastic kidneys with extended nephrogenesis. Wholemount 3D analyses additionally revealed the loss of a predictable vascular pattern in Foxd1GC/+;Ntn1fl/fl kidneys. As vascular patterning has been linked to vessel maturity, we investigated arterialization. Quantification of the CD31+ endothelium at E15.5 revealed no differences in metrics such as the number of branches or branch points, whereas the arterial vascular smooth muscle metrics were significantly reduced at both E15.5 and P0. In support of our observed phenotypes, whole kidney RNA-seq revealed disruptions to genes and programs associated with stromal cells, vasculature and differentiating nephrons. Together, our findings highlight the significance of Ntn1 to proper vascularization and kidney development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel E. Honeycutt
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Pierre-Emmanuel Y. N'Guetta
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Deanna M. Hardesty
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Yubin Xiong
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Shamus L. Cooper
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Matthew J. Stevenson
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Lori L. O'Brien
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Viola JM, Liu J, Huang A, Grindel SH, Prahl LS, Hughes AJ. Rho/ROCK activity tunes cell compartment segregation and differentiation in nephron-forming niches. bioRxiv 2023:2023.11.08.566308. [PMID: 37986773 PMCID: PMC10659296 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.08.566308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Controlling the time and place of nephron formation in vitro would improve nephron density and connectivity in next-generation kidney replacement tissues. Recent developments in kidney organoid technology have paved the way to achieving self-sustaining nephrogenic niches in vitro. The physical and geometric structure of the niche are key control parameters in tissue engineering approaches. However, their relationship to nephron differentiation is unclear. Here we investigate the relationship between niche geometry, cell compartment mixing, and nephron differentiation by targeting the Rho/ROCK pathway, a master regulator of the actin cytoskeleton. We find that the ROCK inhibitor Y-27632 increases mixing between nephron progenitor and stromal compartments in native mouse embryonic kidney niches, and also increases nephrogenesis. Similar increases are also seen in reductionist mouse primary cell and human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived organoids perturbed by Y-27632, dependent on the presence of stromal cells. Our data indicate that niche organization is a determinant of nephron formation rate, bringing renewed focus to the spatial context of cell-cell interactions in kidney tissue engineering efforts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John M. Viola
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, PA, USA
- Bioengineering Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, PA, USA
| | - Jiageng Liu
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, PA, USA
- Bioengineering Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, PA, USA
| | - Aria Huang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, PA, USA
- Bioengineering Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, PA, USA
| | - Samuel H. Grindel
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, PA, USA
- Bioengineering Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, PA, USA
| | - Louis S. Prahl
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, PA, USA
| | - Alex J. Hughes
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, PA, USA
- Bioengineering Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, PA, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, PA, USA
- Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, PA, USA
- Center for Soft and Living Matter, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, PA, USA
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, PA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Kwee BJ, Li X, Nguyen XX, Campagna C, Lam J, Sung KE. Modeling immunity in microphysiological systems. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2023; 248:2001-2019. [PMID: 38166397 PMCID: PMC10800123 DOI: 10.1177/15353702231215897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2024] Open
Abstract
There is a need for better predictive models of the human immune system to evaluate safety and efficacy of immunomodulatory drugs and biologics for successful product development and regulatory approvals. Current in vitro models, which are often tested in two-dimensional (2D) tissue culture polystyrene, and preclinical animal models fail to fully recapitulate the function and physiology of the human immune system. Microphysiological systems (MPSs) that can model key microenvironment cues of the human immune system, as well as of specific organs and tissues, may be able to recapitulate specific features of the in vivo inflammatory response. This minireview provides an overview of MPS for modeling lymphatic tissues, immunity at tissue interfaces, inflammatory diseases, and the inflammatory tumor microenvironment in vitro and ex vivo. Broadly, these systems have utility in modeling how certain immunotherapies function in vivo, how dysfunctional immune responses can propagate diseases, and how our immune system can combat pathogens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brian J Kwee
- Cellular and Tissue Therapy Branch, Office of Therapeutic Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19711, USA
| | - Xiaoqing Li
- Cellular and Tissue Therapy Branch, Office of Therapeutic Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Xinh-Xinh Nguyen
- Cellular and Tissue Therapy Branch, Office of Therapeutic Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Courtney Campagna
- Cellular and Tissue Therapy Branch, Office of Therapeutic Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Johnny Lam
- Cellular and Tissue Therapy Branch, Office of Therapeutic Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Kyung E Sung
- Cellular and Tissue Therapy Branch, Office of Therapeutic Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Vanslambrouck JM, Tan KS, Mah S, Little MH. Generation of proximal tubule-enhanced kidney organoids from human pluripotent stem cells. Nat Protoc 2023; 18:3229-3252. [PMID: 37770563 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-023-00880-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
Kidney organoids derived from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) are now being used as models of renal disease and nephrotoxicity screening. However, the proximal tubules (PTs), which are responsible for most kidney reabsorption functions, remain immature in kidney organoids with limited expression of critical transporters essential for nephron functionality. Here, we describe a protocol for improved specification of nephron progenitors from hPSCs that results in kidney organoids with elongated proximalized nephrons displaying improved PT maturity compared with those generated using standard kidney organoid protocols. We also describe a methodology for assessing the functionality of the PTs within the organoids and visualizing maturation markers via immunofluorescence. Using these assays, PT-enhanced organoids display increased expression of a range of critical transporters, translating to improved functionality measured by substrate uptake and transport. This protocol consists of an extended (13 d) monolayer differentiation phase, during which time hPSCs are exposed to nephron progenitor maintenance media (CDBLY2), better emulating human metanephric progenitor specification in vivo. Following nephron progenitor specification, the cells are aggregated and cultured as a three-dimensional micromass on an air-liquid interface to facilitate further differentiation and segmentation into proximalized nephrons. Experience in culturing hPSCs is required to conduct this protocol and expertise in kidney organoid generation is advantageous.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica M Vanslambrouck
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Centre for Stem Cell Medicine (reNEW), Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ker Sin Tan
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Centre for Stem Cell Medicine (reNEW), Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sophia Mah
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Centre for Stem Cell Medicine (reNEW), Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Melissa H Little
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Centre for Stem Cell Medicine (reNEW), Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Centre for Stem Cell Medicine (reNEW), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Chuang T, Bejar J, Yue Z, Slavinsky M, Marciano D, Drummond I, Oxburgh L. In Vivo Assessment of Laboratory-Grown Kidney Tissue Grafts. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:1261. [PMID: 38002385 PMCID: PMC10669198 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10111261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Directed differentiation of stem cells is an attractive approach to generate kidney tissue for regenerative therapies. Currently, the most informative platform to test the regenerative potential of this tissue is engraftment into kidneys of immunocompromised rodents. Stem cell-derived kidney tissue is vascularized following engraftment, but the connection between epithelial tubules that is critical for urine to pass from the graft to the host collecting system has not yet been demonstrated. We show that one significant obstacle to tubule fusion is the accumulation of fibrillar collagens at the interface between the graft and the host. As a screening strategy to identify factors that can prevent this collagen accumulation, we propose encapsulating laboratory-grown kidney tissue in fibrin hydrogels supplemented with candidate compounds such as recombinant proteins, small molecules, feeder cells, and gene therapy vectors to condition the local graft environment. We demonstrate that the AAV-DJ serotype is an efficient gene therapy vector for the subcapsular region and that it is specific for interstitial cells in this compartment. In addition to the histological evaluation of epithelial tubule fusion, we demonstrate the specificity of two urine biomarker assays that can be used to detect human-specific markers of the proximal nephron (CD59) and the distal nephron (uromodulin), and we demonstrate the deposition of human graft-derived urine into the mouse collecting system. Using the testing platform described in this report, it will be possible to systematically screen factors for their potential to promote epithelial fusion of graft and host tissue with a functional intravital read-out.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Zhiwei Yue
- The Rogosin Institute, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | | | - Denise Marciano
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical School, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Iain Drummond
- Mount Desert Island Biological Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Porter CM, Qian GC, Grindel SH, Hughes AJ. Highly-parallel production of designer organoids by mosaic patterning of progenitors. bioRxiv 2023:2023.10.25.564017. [PMID: 37961546 PMCID: PMC10634829 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.25.564017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Human organoids are a promising approach for disease modeling and regenerative medicine. However, organoid variability and limited control over morphological outcomes remain significant challenges. Here we extend a DNA 'velcro' cell patterning approach, precisely controlling the number and ratio of human stem cell-derived progenitors contributing to nephron and mosaic nephron/ureteric bud organoids within arrays of microwells. We demonstrate long-term control over organoid size and morphology, decoupled from geometric constraints.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Catherine M. Porter
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, PA, USA
- Bioengineering Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, PA, USA
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, PA, USA
| | - Grace C. Qian
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, PA, USA
- Bioengineering Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, PA, USA
| | - Samuel H. Grindel
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, PA, USA
- Bioengineering Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, PA, USA
| | - Alex J. Hughes
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, PA, USA
- Bioengineering Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, PA, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, PA, USA
- Center for Soft and Living Matter, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, PA, USA
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, PA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Gottwald E, Grün C, Nies C, Liebsch G. Physiological oxygen measurements in vitro-Schrödinger's cat in 3D cell biology. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1218957. [PMID: 37885450 PMCID: PMC10598749 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1218957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
After the development of 3D cell culture methods in the middle of the last century and the plethora of data generated with this culture configuration up to date, it could be shown that a three-dimensional arrangement of cells in most of the cases leads to a more physiological behavior of the generated tissue. However, a major determinant for an organotypic function, namely, the dissolved oxygen concentration in the used in vitro-system, has been neglected in most of the studies. This is due to the fact that the oxygen measurement in the beginning was simply not feasible and, if so, disturbed the measurement and/or the in vitro-system itself. This is especially true for the meanwhile more widespread use of 3D culture systems. Therefore, the tissues analyzed by these techniques can be considered as the Schrödinger's cat in 3D cell biology. In this perspective paper we will outline how the measurement and, moreover, the regulation of the dissolved oxygen concentration in vitro-3D culture systems could be established at all and how it may be possible to determine the oxygen concentration in organoid cultures and the respiratory capacity via mito stress tests, especially in spheroids in the size range of a few hundred micrometers, under physiological culture conditions, without disturbances or stress induction in the system and in a high-throughput fashion. By this, such systems will help to more efficiently translate tissue engineering approaches into new in vitro-platforms for fundamental and applied research as well as preclinical safety testing and clinical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eric Gottwald
- Institute of Functional Interfaces, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Christoph Grün
- Institute of Functional Interfaces, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Cordula Nies
- Institute of Functional Interfaces, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Abstract
Kidney disease is highly prevalent and affects approximately 850 million people worldwide. It is also associated with high morbidity and mortality, and current therapies are incurable and often ineffective. Animal models are indispensable for understanding the pathophysiology of various kidney diseases and for preclinically testing novel remedies. In the last two decades, rodents continue to be the most used models for imitating human kidney diseases, largely because of the increasing availability of many unique genetically modified mice. Despite many limitations and pitfalls, animal models play an essential and irreplaceable role in gaining novel insights into the mechanisms, pathologies, and therapeutic targets of kidney disease. In this review, we highlight commonly used animal models of kidney diseases by focusing on experimental AKI, CKD, and diabetic kidney disease. We briefly summarize the pathological characteristics, advantages, and drawbacks of some widely used models. Emerging animal models such as mini pig, salamander, zebrafish, and drosophila, as well as human-derived kidney organoids and kidney-on-a-chip are also discussed. Undoubtedly, careful selection and utilization of appropriate animal models is of vital importance in deciphering the mechanisms underlying nephropathies and evaluating the efficacy of new treatment options. Such studies will provide a solid foundation for future diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of human kidney diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianqing Liang
- Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Youhua Liu
- Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Yoshimura Y, Muto Y, Omachi K, Miner JH, Humphreys BD. Elucidating the Proximal Tubule HNF4A Gene Regulatory Network in Human Kidney Organoids. J Am Soc Nephrol 2023; 34:1672-1686. [PMID: 37488681 PMCID: PMC10561821 DOI: 10.1681/asn.0000000000000197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT HNF4 genes promote proximal tubule differentiation in mice, but their function in human nephrogenesis is not fully defined. This study uses human pluripotent stem cell (PSC)-derived kidney organoids as a model to investigate HNF4A and HNF4G functions. The loss of HNF4A , but not HNF4G , impaired reabsorption-related molecule expression and microvilli formation in human proximal tubules. Cleavage under targets and release using nuclease (CUT&RUN) sequencing and CRISPR-mediated transcriptional activation (CRISPRa) further confirm that HNF4A directly regulates its target genes. Human kidney organoids provide a good model for studying transcriptional regulation in human kidney development. BACKGROUND The proximal tubule plays a major role in electrolyte homeostasis. Previous studies have shown that HNF4A regulates reabsorption-related genes and promotes proximal tubule differentiation during murine kidney development. However, the functions and gene regulatory mechanisms of HNF4 family genes in human nephrogenesis have not yet been investigated. METHODS We generated HNF4A -knock out (KO), HNF4G -KO, and HNF4A/4G -double KO human pluripotent stem cell lines, differentiated each into kidney organoids, and used immunofluorescence analysis, electron microscopy, and RNA-seq to analyze them. We probed HNF4A-binding sites genome-wide by cleavage under targets and release using nuclease sequencing in both human adult kidneys and kidney organoid-derived proximal tubular cells. Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats-mediated transcriptional activation validated HNF4A and HNF4G function in proximal tubules during kidney organoid differentiation. RESULTS Organoids lacking HNF4A , but not HNF4G , showed reduced expression of transport-related, endocytosis-related, and brush border-related genes, as well as disorganized brush border structure in the apical lumen of the organoid proximal tubule. Cleavage under targets and release using nuclease revealed that HNF4A primarily bound promoters and enhancers of genes that were downregulated in HNF4A -KO, suggesting direct regulation. Induced expression of HNF4A or HNF4G by CRISPR-mediated transcriptional activation drove increased expression of selected target genes during kidney organoid differentiation. CONCLUSIONS This study reveals regulatory mechanisms of HNF4A and HNF4G during human proximal tubule differentiation. The experimental strategy can be applied more broadly to investigate transcriptional regulation in human kidney development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Yoshimura
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Yoshiharu Muto
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Kohei Omachi
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Jeffrey H. Miner
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Benjamin D. Humphreys
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Hirayama R, Toyohara K, Watanabe K, Otsuki T, Araoka T, Mae SI, Horinouchi T, Yamamura T, Okita K, Hotta A, Iijima K, Nozu K, Osafune K. iPSC-derived type IV collagen α5-expressing kidney organoids model Alport syndrome. Commun Biol 2023; 6:854. [PMID: 37770589 PMCID: PMC10539496 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05203-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Alport syndrome (AS) is a hereditary glomerulonephritis caused by COL4A3, COL4A4 or COL4A5 gene mutations and characterized by abnormalities of glomerular basement membranes (GBMs). Due to a lack of curative treatments, the condition proceeds to end-stage renal disease even in adolescents. Hampering drug discovery is the absence of effective in vitro methods for testing the restoration of normal GBMs. Here, we aimed to develop kidney organoid models from AS patient iPSCs for this purpose. We established iPSC-derived collagen α5(IV)-expressing kidney organoids and confirmed that kidney organoids from COL4A5 mutation-corrected iPSCs restore collagen α5(IV) protein expression. Importantly, our model recapitulates the differences in collagen composition between iPSC-derived kidney organoids from mild and severe AS cases. Furthermore, we demonstrate that a chemical chaperone, 4-phenyl butyric acid, has the potential to correct GBM abnormalities in kidney organoids showing mild AS phenotypes. This iPSC-derived kidney organoid model will contribute to drug discovery for AS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryuichiro Hirayama
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
- Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Saitama, 331-9530, Japan
| | - Kosuke Toyohara
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Kei Watanabe
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Takeya Otsuki
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Toshikazu Araoka
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Mae
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Tomoko Horinouchi
- Department of Pediatrics, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Hyogo, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Yamamura
- Department of Pediatrics, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Hyogo, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Keisuke Okita
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Akitsu Hotta
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Kazumoto Iijima
- Department of Pediatrics, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Hyogo, 650-0017, Japan
- Hyogo Prefectural Kobe Children's Hospital, Hyogo, 650-0047, Japan
- Department of Advanced Pediatric Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Hyogo, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Kandai Nozu
- Department of Pediatrics, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Hyogo, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Kenji Osafune
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Ibi Y, Nishinakamura R. Kidney Bioengineering for Transplantation. Transplantation 2023; 107:1883-1894. [PMID: 36717963 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000004526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The kidney is an important organ for maintenance of homeostasis in the human body. As renal failure progresses, renal replacement therapy becomes necessary. However, there is a chronic shortage of kidney donors, creating a major problem for transplantation. To solve this problem, many strategies for the generation of transplantable kidneys are under investigation. Since the first reports describing that nephron progenitors could be induced from human induced pluripotent stem cells, kidney organoids have been attracting attention as tools for studying human kidney development and diseases. Because the kidney is formed through the interactions of multiple renal progenitors, current studies are investigating ways to combine these progenitors derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells for the generation of transplantable kidney organoids. Other bioengineering strategies, such as decellularization and recellularization of scaffolds, 3-dimensional bioprinting, interspecies blastocyst complementation and progenitor replacement, and xenotransplantation, also have the potential to generate whole kidneys, although each of these strategies has its own challenges. Combinations of these approaches will lead to the generation of bioengineered kidneys that are transplantable into humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yutaro Ibi
- Department of Kidney Development, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Freires IA, Morelo DFC, Soares LFF, Costa IS, de Araújo LP, Breseghello I, Abdalla HB, Lazarini JG, Rosalen PL, Pigossi SC, Franchin M. Progress and promise of alternative animal and non-animal methods in biomedical research. Arch Toxicol 2023; 97:2329-2342. [PMID: 37394624 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-023-03532-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Cell culture and invertebrate animal models reflect a significant evolution in scientific research by providing reliable evidence on the physiopathology of diseases, screening for new drugs, and toxicological tests while reducing the need for mammals. In this review, we discuss the progress and promise of alternative animal and non-animal methods in biomedical research, with a special focus on drug toxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irlan Almeida Freires
- Department of Biosciences, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.
| | - David Fernando Colon Morelo
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | - Henrique Ballassini Abdalla
- Laboratory of Neuroimmune Interface of Pain Research, São Leopoldo Mandic Institute and Research Center, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Josy Goldoni Lazarini
- Department of Biosciences, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Pedro Luiz Rosalen
- Department of Biosciences, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas, Brazil
| | | | - Marcelo Franchin
- School of Dentistry, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas, Brazil
- Bioactivity and Applications Lab, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, School of Natural Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Yang Q, Li M, Yang X, Xiao Z, Tong X, Tuerdi A, Li S, Lei L. Flourishing tumor organoids: History, emerging technology, and application. Bioeng Transl Med 2023; 8:e10559. [PMID: 37693042 PMCID: PMC10487342 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Malignant tumors are one of the leading causes of death which impose an increasingly heavy burden on all countries. Therefore, the establishment of research models that closely resemble original tumor characteristics is crucial to further understanding the mechanisms of malignant tumor development, developing safer and more effective drugs, and formulating personalized treatment plans. Recently, organoids have been widely used in tumor research owing to their advantages including preserving the structure, heterogeneity, and cellular functions of the original tumor, together with the ease of manipulation. This review describes the history and characteristics of tumor organoids and the synergistic combination of three-dimensional (3D) culture approaches for tumor organoids with emerging technologies, including tissue-engineered cell scaffolds, microfluidic devices, 3D bioprinting, rotating wall vessels, and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats-CRISPR-associated protein 9 (CRISPR-Cas9). Additionally, the progress in research and the applications in basic and clinical research of tumor organoid models are summarized. This includes studies of the mechanism of tumor development, drug development and screening, precision medicine, immunotherapy, and simulation of the tumor microenvironment. Finally, the existing shortcomings of tumor organoids and possible future directions are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Yang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, the Second Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
| | - Mengmeng Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, the Second Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
| | - Xinming Yang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, the Second Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
| | - Zian Xiao
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, the Second Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
| | - Xinying Tong
- Department of Hemodialysis, the Second Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
| | - Ayinuer Tuerdi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, the Second Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
| | - Shisheng Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, the Second Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
| | - Lanjie Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical EngineeringSoutheast UniversityNanjingChina
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Kroll KT, Mata MM, Homan KA, Micallef V, Carpy A, Hiratsuka K, Morizane R, Moisan A, Gubler M, Walz AC, Marrer-Berger E, Lewis JA. Immune-infiltrated kidney organoid-on-chip model for assessing T cell bispecific antibodies. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2305322120. [PMID: 37603766 PMCID: PMC10467620 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2305322120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
T cell bispecific antibodies (TCBs) are the focus of intense development for cancer immunotherapy. Recently, peptide-MHC (major histocompatibility complex)-targeted TCBs have emerged as a new class of biotherapeutics with improved specificity. These TCBs simultaneously bind to target peptides presented by the polymorphic, species-specific MHC encoded by the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) allele present on target cells and to the CD3 coreceptor expressed by human T lymphocytes. Unfortunately, traditional models for assessing their effects on human tissues often lack predictive capability, particularly for "on-target, off-tumor" interactions. Here, we report an immune-infiltrated, kidney organoid-on-chip model in which peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) along with nontargeting (control) or targeting TCB-based tool compounds are circulated under flow. The target consists of the RMF peptide derived from the intracellular tumor antigen Wilms' tumor 1 (WT1) presented on HLA-A2 via a bivalent T cell receptor-like binding domain. Using our model, we measured TCB-mediated CD8+ T cell activation and killing of RMF-HLA-A2-presenting cells in the presence of PBMCs and multiple tool compounds. DP47, a non-pMHC-targeting TCB that only binds to CD3 (negative control), does not promote T cell activation and killing. Conversely, the nonspecific ESK1-like TCB (positive control) promotes CD8+ T cell expansion accompanied by dose-dependent T cell-mediated killing of multiple cell types, while WT1-TCB* recognizing the RMF-HLA-A2 complex with high specificity, leads solely to selective killing of WT1-expressing cells within kidney organoids under flow. Our 3D kidney organoid model offers a platform for preclinical testing of cancer immunotherapies and investigating tissue-immune system interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katharina T. Kroll
- Harvard University, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Cambridge, MA02138
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Boston, MA02115
| | - Mariana M. Mata
- Harvard University, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Cambridge, MA02138
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Boston, MA02115
| | - Kimberly A. Homan
- Harvard University, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Cambridge, MA02138
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Boston, MA02115
- Complex in vitro Systems, Safety Assessment, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA94080
| | - Virginie Micallef
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, BaselCH-4070, Switzerland
| | - Alejandro Carpy
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Munich, MunichDE-82377, Germany
| | - Ken Hiratsuka
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02115
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA02138
| | - Ryuji Morizane
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02115
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA02138
| | - Annie Moisan
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, BaselCH-4070, Switzerland
| | - Marcel Gubler
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, BaselCH-4070, Switzerland
| | - Antje-Christine Walz
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, BaselCH-4070, Switzerland
| | - Estelle Marrer-Berger
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, BaselCH-4070, Switzerland
| | - Jennifer A. Lewis
- Harvard University, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Cambridge, MA02138
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Boston, MA02115
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Devany J, Falk MJ, Holt LJ, Murugan A, Gardel ML. Epithelial tissue confinement inhibits cell growth and leads to volume-reducing divisions. Dev Cell 2023; 58:1462-1476.e8. [PMID: 37339629 PMCID: PMC10528006 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2023.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
Cell proliferation is a central process in tissue development, homeostasis, and disease, yet how proliferation is regulated in the tissue context remains poorly understood. Here, we introduce a quantitative framework to elucidate how tissue growth dynamics regulate cell proliferation. Using MDCK epithelial monolayers, we show that a limiting rate of tissue expansion creates confinement that suppresses cell growth; however, this confinement does not directly affect the cell cycle. This leads to uncoupling between rates of cell growth and division in epithelia and, thereby, reduces cell volume. Division becomes arrested at a minimal cell volume, which is consistent across diverse epithelia in vivo. Here, the nucleus approaches the minimum volume capable of packaging the genome. Loss of cyclin D1-dependent cell-volume regulation results in an abnormally high nuclear-to-cytoplasmic volume ratio and DNA damage. Overall, we demonstrate how epithelial proliferation is regulated by the interplay between tissue confinement and cell-volume regulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John Devany
- Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; James Franck Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Martin J Falk
- Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; James Franck Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Liam J Holt
- Institute for Systems Genetics, New York University, Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Arvind Murugan
- Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; James Franck Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Margaret L Gardel
- Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; James Franck Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
| |
Collapse
|