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Nowak J, Lenartowski R, Kalita K, Lehka L, Karatsai O, Lenartowska M, Rędowicz MJ. Myosin VI in the nucleolus of neurosecretory PC12 cells: its involvement in the maintenance of nucleolar structure and ribosome organization. Front Physiol 2024; 15:1368416. [PMID: 38774650 PMCID: PMC11106421 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1368416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024] Open
Abstract
We have previously shown that unconventional myosin VI (MVI), a unique actin-based motor protein, shuttles between the cytoplasm and nucleus in neurosecretory PC12 cells in a stimulation-dependent manner and interacts with numerous proteins involved in nuclear processes. Among the identified potential MVI partners was nucleolin, a major nucleolar protein implicated in rRNA processing and ribosome assembly. Several other nucleolar proteins such as fibrillarin, UBF (upstream binding factor), and B23 (also termed nucleophosmin) have been shown to interact with MVI. A bioinformatics tool predicted the presence of the nucleolar localization signal (NoLS) within the MVI globular tail domain, and immunostaining confirmed the presence of MVI within the nucleolus. Depletion of MVI, previously shown to impair PC12 cell proliferation and motility, caused disorganization of the nucleolus and rough endoplasmic reticulum (rER). However, lack of MVI does not affect nucleolar transcription. In light of these data, we propose that MVI is important for nucleolar and ribosome maintenance but not for RNA polymerase 1-related transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolanta Nowak
- Laboratory of Molecular Basis of Cell Motility, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Robert Lenartowski
- Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Torun, Poland
- Centre for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Torun, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Kalita
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Nencki-EMBL Partnership for Neural Plasticity and Brain Disorders—BRAINCITY, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Lilya Lehka
- Laboratory of Molecular Basis of Cell Motility, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Olena Karatsai
- Laboratory of Molecular Basis of Cell Motility, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marta Lenartowska
- Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Torun, Poland
- Centre for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Torun, Poland
| | - Maria Jolanta Rędowicz
- Laboratory of Molecular Basis of Cell Motility, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
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Behbehani R, Johnson C, Holmes AJ, Gratian MJ, Mulvihill DP, Buss F. The two C. elegans class VI myosins, SPE-15/HUM-3 and HUM-8, share similar motor properties, but have distinct developmental and tissue expression patterns. Front Physiol 2024; 15:1368054. [PMID: 38660538 PMCID: PMC11040104 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1368054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Myosins of class VI move toward the minus-end of actin filaments and play vital roles in cellular processes such as endocytosis, autophagy, protein secretion, and the regulation of actin filament dynamics. In contrast to the majority of metazoan organisms examined to date which contain a single MYO6 gene, C. elegans, possesses two MYO6 homologues, SPE-15/HUM-3 and HUM-8. Through a combination of in vitro biochemical/biophysical analysis and cellular assays, we confirmed that both SPE-15/HUM-3 and HUM-8 exhibit reverse directionality, velocities, and ATPase activity similar to human MYO6. Our characterization also revealed that unlike SPE-15/HUM-3, HUM-8 is expressed as two distinct splice isoforms, one with an additional unique 14 amino acid insert in the cargo-binding domain. While lipid and adaptor binding sites are conserved in SPE-15/HUM-3 and HUM-8, this conservation does not enable recruitment to endosomes in mammalian cells. Finally, we performed super-resolution confocal imaging on transgenic worms expressing either mNeonGreen SPE-15/HUM-3 or wrmScarlet HUM-8. Our results show a clear distinction in tissue distribution between SPE-15/HUM-3 and HUM-8. While SPE-15/HUM-3 exhibited specific expression in the gonads and neuronal tissue in the head, HUM-8 was exclusively localized in the intestinal epithelium. Overall, these findings align with the established tissue distributions and localizations of human MYO6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranya Behbehani
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Chloe Johnson
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander J. Holmes
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew J. Gratian
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Folma Buss
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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3
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Miyoshi T, Belyantseva IA, Sajeevadathan M, Friedman TB. Pathophysiology of human hearing loss associated with variants in myosins. Front Physiol 2024; 15:1374901. [PMID: 38562617 PMCID: PMC10982375 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1374901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Deleterious variants of more than one hundred genes are associated with hearing loss including MYO3A, MYO6, MYO7A and MYO15A and two conventional myosins MYH9 and MYH14. Variants of MYO7A also manifest as Usher syndrome associated with dysfunction of the retina and vestibule as well as hearing loss. While the functions of MYH9 and MYH14 in the inner ear are debated, MYO3A, MYO6, MYO7A and MYO15A are expressed in inner ear hair cells along with class-I myosin MYO1C and are essential for developing and maintaining functional stereocilia on the apical surface of hair cells. Stereocilia are large, cylindrical, actin-rich protrusions functioning as biological mechanosensors to detect sound, acceleration and posture. The rigidity of stereocilia is sustained by highly crosslinked unidirectionally-oriented F-actin, which also provides a scaffold for various proteins including unconventional myosins and their cargo. Typical myosin molecules consist of an ATPase head motor domain to transmit forces to F-actin, a neck containing IQ-motifs that bind regulatory light chains and a tail region with motifs recognizing partners. Instead of long coiled-coil domains characterizing conventional myosins, the tails of unconventional myosins have various motifs to anchor or transport proteins and phospholipids along the F-actin core of a stereocilium. For these myosins, decades of studies have elucidated their biochemical properties, interacting partners in hair cells and variants associated with hearing loss. However, less is known about how myosins traffic in a stereocilium using their motor function, and how each variant correlates with a clinical condition including the severity and onset of hearing loss, mode of inheritance and presence of symptoms other than hearing loss. Here, we cover the domain structures and functions of myosins associated with hearing loss together with advances, open questions about trafficking of myosins in stereocilia and correlations between hundreds of variants in myosins annotated in ClinVar and the corresponding deafness phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takushi Miyoshi
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
- Division of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Carbondale, IL, United States
| | - Inna A. Belyantseva
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Mrudhula Sajeevadathan
- Division of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Carbondale, IL, United States
| | - Thomas B. Friedman
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
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4
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Niu F, Li L, Wang L, Xiao J, Xu S, Liu Y, Lin L, Yu C, Wei Z. Autoinhibition and activation of myosin VI revealed by its cryo-EM structure. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1187. [PMID: 38331992 PMCID: PMC10853514 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45424-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Myosin VI is the only molecular motor that moves towards the minus end along actin filaments. Numerous cellular processes require myosin VI and tight regulations of the motor's activity. Defects in myosin VI activity are known to cause genetic diseases such as deafness and cardiomyopathy. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the activity regulation of myosin VI remain elusive. Here, we determined the high-resolution cryo-electron microscopic structure of myosin VI in its autoinhibited state. Our structure reveals that autoinhibited myosin VI adopts a compact, monomeric conformation via extensive interactions between the head and tail domains, orchestrated by an elongated single-α-helix region resembling a "spine". This autoinhibited structure effectively blocks cargo binding sites and represses the motor's ATPase activity. Certain cargo adaptors such as GIPC can release multiple inhibitory interactions and promote motor activity, pointing to a cargo-mediated activation of the processive motor. Moreover, our structural findings allow rationalization of disease-associated mutations in myosin VI. Beyond the activity regulation mechanisms of myosin VI, our study also sheds lights on how activities of other myosin motors such as myosin VII and X might be regulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengfeng Niu
- Department of Neuroscience and Brain Research Center, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Biomolecular Assembling and Regulation, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Lingxuan Li
- Department of Neuroscience and Brain Research Center, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Neuroscience and Brain Research Center, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Jinman Xiao
- Department of Chemical Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Shun Xu
- Department of Neuroscience and Brain Research Center, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yong Liu
- Department of Neuroscience and Brain Research Center, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Leishu Lin
- Department of Neuroscience and Brain Research Center, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Cong Yu
- Department of Chemical Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
- Institute for Biological Electron Microscopy, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
| | - Zhiyi Wei
- Department of Neuroscience and Brain Research Center, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Biomolecular Assembling and Regulation, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
- Institute for Biological Electron Microscopy, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
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Canon L, Kikuti C, Planelles-Herrero VJ, Lin T, Mayeux F, Sirkia H, Lee YI, Heidsieck L, Velikovsky L, David A, Liu X, Moussaoui D, Forest E, Höök P, Petersen KJ, Morgan TE, Di Cicco A, Sirés-Campos J, Derivery E, Lévy D, Delevoye C, Sweeney HL, Houdusse A. How myosin VI traps its off-state, is activated and dimerizes. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6732. [PMID: 37872146 PMCID: PMC10593786 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42376-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Myosin VI (Myo6) is the only minus-end directed nanomotor on actin, allowing it to uniquely contribute to numerous cellular functions. As for other nanomotors, the proper functioning of Myo6 relies on precise spatiotemporal control of motor activity via a poorly defined off-state and interactions with partners. Our structural, functional, and cellular studies reveal key features of myosin regulation and indicate that not all partners can activate Myo6. TOM1 and Dab2 cannot bind the off-state, while GIPC1 binds Myo6, releases its auto-inhibition and triggers proximal dimerization. Myo6 partners thus differentially recruit Myo6. We solved a crystal structure of the proximal dimerization domain, and show that its disruption compromises endocytosis in HeLa cells, emphasizing the importance of Myo6 dimerization. Finally, we show that the L926Q deafness mutation disrupts Myo6 auto-inhibition and indirectly impairs proximal dimerization. Our study thus demonstrates the importance of partners in the control of Myo6 auto-inhibition, localization, and activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Canon
- Structural Motility, UMR 144 CNRS/Curie Institute, PSL Research University, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75258, Paris cedex 05, France
| | - Carlos Kikuti
- Structural Motility, UMR 144 CNRS/Curie Institute, PSL Research University, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75258, Paris cedex 05, France
| | - Vicente J Planelles-Herrero
- Structural Motility, UMR 144 CNRS/Curie Institute, PSL Research University, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75258, Paris cedex 05, France
| | - Tianming Lin
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics and the Myology Institute, University of Florida College of Medicine, PO Box 100267, Gainesville, Florida, 32610-0267, USA
| | - Franck Mayeux
- Structural Motility, UMR 144 CNRS/Curie Institute, PSL Research University, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75258, Paris cedex 05, France
| | - Helena Sirkia
- Structural Motility, UMR 144 CNRS/Curie Institute, PSL Research University, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75258, Paris cedex 05, France
| | - Young Il Lee
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics and the Myology Institute, University of Florida College of Medicine, PO Box 100267, Gainesville, Florida, 32610-0267, USA
| | - Leila Heidsieck
- Structural Motility, UMR 144 CNRS/Curie Institute, PSL Research University, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75258, Paris cedex 05, France
| | - Léonid Velikovsky
- Structural Motility, UMR 144 CNRS/Curie Institute, PSL Research University, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75258, Paris cedex 05, France
| | - Amandine David
- Structural Motility, UMR 144 CNRS/Curie Institute, PSL Research University, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75258, Paris cedex 05, France
| | - Xiaoyan Liu
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics and the Myology Institute, University of Florida College of Medicine, PO Box 100267, Gainesville, Florida, 32610-0267, USA
| | - Dihia Moussaoui
- Structural Motility, UMR 144 CNRS/Curie Institute, PSL Research University, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75258, Paris cedex 05, France
| | - Emma Forest
- Structural Motility, UMR 144 CNRS/Curie Institute, PSL Research University, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75258, Paris cedex 05, France
- École Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier, 240 Avenue du Professeur Emile Jeanbrau, 34090, Montpellier, France
| | - Peter Höök
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics and the Myology Institute, University of Florida College of Medicine, PO Box 100267, Gainesville, Florida, 32610-0267, USA
| | - Karl J Petersen
- Structural Motility, UMR 144 CNRS/Curie Institute, PSL Research University, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75258, Paris cedex 05, France
| | | | - Aurélie Di Cicco
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR168, Laboratoire Physico-Chimie Curie, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Julia Sirés-Campos
- Structure et Compartimentation Membranaire, UMR 144 CNRS/Curie Institute, PSL Research University, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75258, Paris cedex 05, France
| | | | - Daniel Lévy
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR168, Laboratoire Physico-Chimie Curie, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Cédric Delevoye
- Structure et Compartimentation Membranaire, UMR 144 CNRS/Curie Institute, PSL Research University, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75258, Paris cedex 05, France
| | - H Lee Sweeney
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics and the Myology Institute, University of Florida College of Medicine, PO Box 100267, Gainesville, Florida, 32610-0267, USA.
| | - Anne Houdusse
- Structural Motility, UMR 144 CNRS/Curie Institute, PSL Research University, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75258, Paris cedex 05, France.
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Cao H, Yang P, Liu J, Shao Y, Li H, Lai P, Wang H, Liu A, Guo B, Tang Y, Bai X, Li K. MYL3 protects chondrocytes from senescence by inhibiting clathrin-mediated endocytosis and activating of Notch signaling. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6190. [PMID: 37794006 PMCID: PMC10550997 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41858-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
As the unique cell type in articular cartilage, chondrocyte senescence is a crucial cellular event contributing to osteoarthritis development. Here we show that clathrin-mediated endocytosis and activation of Notch signaling promotes chondrocyte senescence and osteoarthritis development, which is negatively regulated by myosin light chain 3. Myosin light chain 3 (MYL3) protein levels decline sharply in senescent chondrocytes of cartilages from model mice and osteoarthritis (OA) patients. Conditional deletion of Myl3 in chondrocytes significantly promoted, whereas intra-articular injection of adeno-associated virus overexpressing MYL3 delayed, OA progression in male mice. MYL3 deficiency led to enhanced clathrin-mediated endocytosis by promoting the interaction between myosin VI and clathrin, further inducing the internalization of Notch and resulting in activation of Notch signaling in chondrocytes. Pharmacologic blockade of clathrin-mediated endocytosis-Notch signaling prevented MYL3 loss-induced chondrocyte senescence and alleviated OA progression in male mice. Our results establish a previously unknown mechanism essential for cellular senescence and provide a potential therapeutic direction for OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Cao
- Academy of Orthopedics, Guangdong Province, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degeneration Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- The Third School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Panpan Yang
- Academy of Orthopedics, Guangdong Province, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degeneration Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- The Third School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of basic and translational research of Bone and Joint Degenerative Diseases, Guangxi Biomedical Materials Engineering Research Center for Bone and Joint Degenerative Diseases, Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi, China
| | - Yan Shao
- Academy of Orthopedics, Guangdong Province, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degeneration Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- The Third School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Honghao Li
- Academy of Orthopedics, Guangdong Province, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degeneration Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- The Third School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pinglin Lai
- Academy of Orthopedics, Guangdong Province, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degeneration Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- The Third School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Academy of Orthopedics, Guangdong Province, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degeneration Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- The Third School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Anling Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bin Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yujin Tang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of basic and translational research of Bone and Joint Degenerative Diseases, Guangxi Biomedical Materials Engineering Research Center for Bone and Joint Degenerative Diseases, Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi, China
| | - Xiaochun Bai
- Academy of Orthopedics, Guangdong Province, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degeneration Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Kai Li
- Academy of Orthopedics, Guangdong Province, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degeneration Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
- The Third School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Neuropathic Pain Mechanism at Spinal Cord Level, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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7
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Shi J, Hauschulte K, Mikicic I, Maharjan S, Arz V, Strauch T, Heidelberger JB, Schaefer JV, Dreier B, Plückthun A, Beli P, Ulrich HD, Wollscheid HP. Nuclear myosin VI maintains replication fork stability. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3787. [PMID: 37355687 PMCID: PMC10290672 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39517-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The actin cytoskeleton is of fundamental importance for cellular structure and plasticity. However, abundance and function of filamentous actin in the nucleus are still controversial. Here we show that the actin-based molecular motor myosin VI contributes to the stabilization of stalled or reversed replication forks. In response to DNA replication stress, myosin VI associates with stalled replication intermediates and cooperates with the AAA ATPase Werner helicase interacting protein 1 (WRNIP1) in protecting these structures from DNA2-mediated nucleolytic attack. Using functionalized affinity probes to manipulate myosin VI levels in a compartment-specific manner, we provide evidence for the direct involvement of myosin VI in the nucleus and against a contribution of the abundant cytoplasmic pool during the replication stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Shi
- Institute of Molecular Biology gGmbH (IMB), Ackermannweg 4, D - 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Kristine Hauschulte
- Institute of Molecular Biology gGmbH (IMB), Ackermannweg 4, D - 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Ivan Mikicic
- Institute of Molecular Biology gGmbH (IMB), Ackermannweg 4, D - 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Srijana Maharjan
- Institute of Molecular Biology gGmbH (IMB), Ackermannweg 4, D - 55128, Mainz, Germany
- Mainz Biomed N.V., Robert-Koch-Str. 50, D - 55129, Mainz, Germany
| | - Valerie Arz
- Institute of Molecular Biology gGmbH (IMB), Ackermannweg 4, D - 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Tina Strauch
- Institute of Molecular Biology gGmbH (IMB), Ackermannweg 4, D - 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Jan B Heidelberger
- Institute of Molecular Biology gGmbH (IMB), Ackermannweg 4, D - 55128, Mainz, Germany
- Max Planck School Matter to Life, Jahnstr. 29, D - 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jonas V Schaefer
- University of Zurich, Department of Biochemistry, Winterthurerstr. 190, CH - 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Birgit Dreier
- University of Zurich, Department of Biochemistry, Winterthurerstr. 190, CH - 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Plückthun
- University of Zurich, Department of Biochemistry, Winterthurerstr. 190, CH - 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Petra Beli
- Institute of Molecular Biology gGmbH (IMB), Ackermannweg 4, D - 55128, Mainz, Germany
- Institute of Developmental Biology and Neurobiology, Johannes Gutenberg University, Hanns-Dieter-Hüsch-Weg 15, D - 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Helle D Ulrich
- Institute of Molecular Biology gGmbH (IMB), Ackermannweg 4, D - 55128, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Hans-Peter Wollscheid
- Institute of Molecular Biology gGmbH (IMB), Ackermannweg 4, D - 55128, Mainz, Germany.
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8
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Redpath GMI, Ananthanarayanan V. Endosomal sorting sorted - motors, adaptors and lessons from in vitro and cellular studies. J Cell Sci 2023; 136:292583. [PMID: 36861885 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.260749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Motor proteins are key players in exerting spatiotemporal control over the intracellular location of membrane-bound compartments, including endosomes containing cargo. In this Review, we focus on how motors and their cargo adaptors regulate positioning of cargoes from the earliest stages of endocytosis and through the two main intracellular itineraries: (1) degradation at the lysosome or (2) recycling back to the plasma membrane. In vitro and cellular (in vivo) studies on cargo transport thus far have typically focussed independently on either the motor proteins and adaptors, or membrane trafficking. Here, we will discuss recent studies to highlight what is known about the regulation of endosomal vesicle positioning and transport by motors and cargo adaptors. We also emphasise that in vitro and cellular studies are often performed at different scales, from single molecules to whole organelles, with the aim to provide a perspective on the unified principles of motor-driven cargo trafficking in living cells that can be learned from these differing scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory M I Redpath
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Vaishnavi Ananthanarayanan
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
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9
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Li X, Shi L, Wang L. A review of the mechanisms underlying the role of the GIPC3 gene in hereditary deafness. Front Synaptic Neurosci 2023; 14:1101587. [PMID: 36704659 PMCID: PMC9872657 DOI: 10.3389/fnsyn.2022.1101587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The GAIP interacting protein c terminus (GIPC) genes encode a small family of proteins characterized by centrally located PDZ domains. GIPC3 encodes a 312 amino acid protein. Variants of human GIPC3 are associated with non-syndromic hearing loss. GIPC3 is one of over a hundred different genes with variants causing human deafness. Screening for variants of GIPC3 is essential for early detection of hearing loss in children and eventually treatment of deafness. Accordingly, this paper assesses the status of research developments on the role of GIPC3 in hereditary deafness and the effects of pathogenic variants on the auditory system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Li
- Department of Otolaryngology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Lin Shi
- Department of Otolaryngology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China,*Correspondence: Lin Shi,
| | - Liang Wang
- National Joint Engineering Laboratory, Stem Cell Clinical Research Center, Regenerative Medicine Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China,Liang Wang,
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10
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Johnson CA, Behbehani R, Buss F. Unconventional Myosins from Caenorhabditis elegans as a Probe to Study Human Orthologues. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12121889. [PMID: 36551317 PMCID: PMC9775386 DOI: 10.3390/biom12121889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Unconventional myosins are a superfamily of actin-based motor proteins that perform a number of roles in fundamental cellular processes, including (but not limited to) intracellular trafficking, cell motility, endocytosis, exocytosis and cytokinesis. 40 myosins genes have been identified in humans, which belong to different 12 classes based on their domain structure and organisation. These genes are widely expressed in different tissues, and mutations leading to loss of function are associated with a wide variety of pathologies while over-expression often results in cancer. Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) is a small, free-living, non-parasitic nematode. ~38% of the genome of C. elegans has predicted orthologues in the human genome, making it a valuable tool to study the function of human counterparts and human diseases. To date, 8 unconventional myosin genes have been identified in the nematode, from 6 different classes with high homology to human paralogues. The hum-1 and hum-5 (heavy chain of an unconventional myosin) genes encode myosin of class I, hum-2 of class V, hum-3 and hum-8 of class VI, hum-6 of class VII and hum-7 of class IX. The hum-4 gene encodes a high molecular mass myosin (307 kDa) that is one of the most highly divergent myosins and is a member of class XII. Mutations in many of the human orthologues are lethal, indicating their essential properties. However, a functional characterisation for many of these genes in C. elegans has not yet been performed. This article reviews the current knowledge of unconventional myosin genes in C. elegans and explores the potential use of the nematode to study the function and regulation of myosin motors to provide valuable insights into their role in diseases.
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11
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dos Santos Á, Fili N, Hari-Gupta Y, Gough RE, Wang L, Martin-Fernandez M, Aaron J, Wait E, Chew TL, Toseland CP. Binding partners regulate unfolding of myosin VI to activate the molecular motor. Biochem J 2022; 479:1409-1428. [PMID: 35722941 PMCID: PMC9342898 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20220025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Myosin VI is the only minus-end actin motor and it is coupled to various cellular processes ranging from endocytosis to transcription. This multi-potent nature is achieved through alternative isoform splicing and interactions with a network of binding partners. There is a complex interplay between isoforms and binding partners to regulate myosin VI. Here, we have compared the regulation of two myosin VI splice isoforms by two different binding partners. By combining biochemical and single-molecule approaches, we propose that myosin VI regulation follows a generic mechanism, independently of the spliced isoform and the binding partner involved. We describe how myosin VI adopts an autoinhibited backfolded state which is released by binding partners. This unfolding activates the motor, enhances actin binding and can subsequently trigger dimerization. We have further expanded our study by using single-molecule imaging to investigate the impact of binding partners upon myosin VI molecular organization and dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ália dos Santos
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2RX, U.K
| | - Natalia Fili
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2RX, U.K
| | - Yukti Hari-Gupta
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury CT2 7NJ, U.K
| | - Rosemarie E. Gough
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2RX, U.K
| | - Lin Wang
- Central Laser Facility, Research Complex at Harwell, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell, Didcot, Oxford OX11 0QX, U.K
| | - Marisa Martin-Fernandez
- Central Laser Facility, Research Complex at Harwell, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell, Didcot, Oxford OX11 0QX, U.K
| | - Jesse Aaron
- Advanced Imaging Center, HHMI Janelia Research Campus, Ashburn, U.S.A
| | - Eric Wait
- Advanced Imaging Center, HHMI Janelia Research Campus, Ashburn, U.S.A
| | - Teng-Leong Chew
- Advanced Imaging Center, HHMI Janelia Research Campus, Ashburn, U.S.A
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12
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Lehka L, Wojton D, Topolewska M, Chumak V, Majewski Ł, Rędowicz MJ. Loss of Unconventional Myosin VI Affects cAMP/PKA Signaling in Hindlimb Skeletal Muscle in an Age-Dependent Manner. Front Physiol 2022; 13:933963. [PMID: 35837016 PMCID: PMC9273875 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.933963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Myosin VI (MVI) is a unique unconventional myosin ubiquitously expressed in metazoans. Its diverse cellular functions are mediated by interactions with a number of binding partners present in multi-protein complexes. MVI is proposed to play important roles in muscle function and myogenesis. Previously, we showed that MVI is present in striated muscles and myogenic cells, and MVI interacts with A-kinase anchoring protein 9 (AKAP9), a scaffold for PKA and its regulatory proteins. Since PKA directly phosphorylates the MVI cargo binding domain, we hypothesized that the cellular effects of MVI are mediated by the cAMP/PKA signaling pathway, known to play important roles in skeletal muscle metabolism and myogenesis. To elucidate the potential role of MVI in PKA signaling in hindlimb muscle function, we used mice lacking MVI (Snell’s waltzer, SV), considered as natural MVI knockouts, and heterozygous littermates. We used muscles isolated from newborn (P0) as well as 3- and 12-month-old adult mice. We observed a significant increase in the muscle to body mass ratio, which was most evident for the soleus muscle, as well as changes in fiber size, indicating alterations in muscle metabolism. These observations were accompanied by age-dependent changes in the activity of PKA and cAMP/PKA-dependent transcriptional factor (CREB). Additionally, the levels of adenylate cyclase isoforms and phosphodiesterase (PDE4) were age-dependent. Also, cAMP levels were decreased in the muscle of P0 mice. Together, these observations indicate that lack of MVI impairs PKA signaling and results in the observed alterations in the SV muscle metabolism, in particular in newborn mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilya Lehka
- Laboratory of Molecular Basis of Cell Motility, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dominika Wojton
- Laboratory of Molecular Basis of Cell Motility, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Topolewska
- Laboratory of Molecular Basis of Cell Motility, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Vira Chumak
- Laboratory of Molecular Basis of Cell Motility, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Łukasz Majewski
- Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maria Jolanta Rędowicz
- Laboratory of Molecular Basis of Cell Motility, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
- *Correspondence: Maria Jolanta Rędowicz,
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13
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Abouelezz A, Almeida-Souza L. The mammalian endocytic cytoskeleton. Eur J Cell Biol 2022; 101:151222. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2022.151222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
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14
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Sato O, Sakai T, Choo YY, Ikebe R, Watanabe TM, Ikebe M. Mitochondria-associated myosin 19 processively transports mitochondria on actin tracks in living cells. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:101883. [PMID: 35367209 PMCID: PMC9065997 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.101883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are fundamentally important in cell function, and their malfunction can cause the development of cancer, cardiovascular disease, and neuronal disorders. Myosin 19 (Myo19) shows discrete localization with mitochondria and is thought to play an important role in mitochondrial dynamics and function; however, the function of Myo19 in mitochondrial dynamics at the cellular and molecular levels is poorly understood. Critical missing information is whether Myo19 is a processive motor that is suitable for transportation of mitochondria. Here, we show for the first time that single Myo19 molecules processively move on actin filaments and can transport mitochondria in cells. We demonstrate that Myo19 dimers having a leucine zipper processively moved on cellular actin tracks in demembraned cells with a velocity of 50 to 60 nm/s and a run length of ∼0.4 μm, similar to the movement of isolated mitochondria from Myo19 dimer-transfected cells on actin tracks, suggesting that the Myo19 dimer can transport mitochondria. Furthermore, we show single molecules of Myo19 dimers processively moved on single actin filaments with a large step size of ∼34 nm. Importantly, WT Myo19 single molecules without the leucine zipper processively move in filopodia in living cells similar to Myo19 dimers, whereas deletion of the tail domain abolished such active movement. These results suggest that Myo19 can processively move on actin filaments when two Myo19 monomers form a dimer, presumably as a result of tail–tail association. In conclusion, Myo19 molecules can directly transport mitochondria on actin tracks within living cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osamu Sato
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Health Science Center, University of Texas at Tyler, 11937 US Hwy 271, Tyler, TX 75708-3154, U.S.A
| | - Tsuyoshi Sakai
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Health Science Center, University of Texas at Tyler, 11937 US Hwy 271, Tyler, TX 75708-3154, U.S.A
| | - Young-Yeon Choo
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Health Science Center, University of Texas at Tyler, 11937 US Hwy 271, Tyler, TX 75708-3154, U.S.A
| | - Reiko Ikebe
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Health Science Center, University of Texas at Tyler, 11937 US Hwy 271, Tyler, TX 75708-3154, U.S.A
| | - Tomonobu M Watanabe
- Laboratory for Comprehensive Bioimaging, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, 2-2-3 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
| | - Mitsuo Ikebe
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Health Science Center, University of Texas at Tyler, 11937 US Hwy 271, Tyler, TX 75708-3154, U.S.A..
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15
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Mayya C, Naveena AH, Sinha P, Wunder C, Johannes L, Bhatia D. The roles of dynein and myosin VI motor proteins in endocytosis. J Cell Sci 2022; 135:274777. [DOI: 10.1242/jcs.259387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Endocytosis is indispensable for multiple cellular processes, including signalling, cell adhesion, migration, as well as the turnover of plasma membrane lipids and proteins. The dynamic interplay and regulation of different endocytic entry routes requires multiple cytoskeletal elements, especially motor proteins that bind to membranes and transport vesicles along the actin and microtubule cytoskeletons. Dynein and kinesin motor proteins transport vesicles along microtubules, whereas myosins drive vesicles along actin filaments. Here, we present a brief overview of multiple endocytic pathways and our current understanding of the involvement of these motor proteins in the regulation of the different cellular entry routes. We particularly focus on structural and mechanistic details of the retrograde motor proteins dynein and myosin VI (also known as MYO6), along with their adaptors, which have important roles in the early events of endocytosis. We conclude by highlighting the key challenges in elucidating the involvement of motor proteins in endocytosis and intracellular membrane trafficking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaithra Mayya
- Biological Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Palaj, 382355 Gandhinagar, India
| | - A. Hema Naveena
- Biological Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Palaj, 382355 Gandhinagar, India
| | - Pankhuri Sinha
- Biological Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Palaj, 382355 Gandhinagar, India
| | - Christian Wunder
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, U1143 INSERM, UMR3666 CNRS, Cellular and Chemical Biology Unit, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75248 Paris CEDEX 05, France
| | - Ludger Johannes
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, U1143 INSERM, UMR3666 CNRS, Cellular and Chemical Biology Unit, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75248 Paris CEDEX 05, France
| | - Dhiraj Bhatia
- Biological Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Palaj, 382355 Gandhinagar, India
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Palaj, 382355 Gandhinagar, India
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16
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Rai A, Shrivastava R, Vang D, Ritt M, Sadler F, Bhaban S, Salapaka M, Sivaramakrishnan S. Multimodal regulation of myosin VI ensemble transport by cargo adaptor protein GIPC. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:101688. [PMID: 35143838 PMCID: PMC8908270 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.101688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A range of cargo adaptor proteins are known to recruit cytoskeletal motors to distinct subcellular compartments. However, the structural impact of cargo recruitment on motor function is poorly understood. Here, we dissect the multimodal regulation of myosin VI activity through the cargo adaptor GAIP-interacting protein, C terminus (GIPC), whose overexpression with this motor in cancer enhances cell migration. Using a range of biophysical techniques, including motility assays, FRET-based conformational sensors, optical trapping, and DNA origami-based cargo scaffolds to probe the individual and ensemble properties of GIPC-myosin VI motility, we report that the GIPC myosin-interacting region (MIR) releases an autoinhibitory interaction within myosin VI. We show that the resulting conformational changes in the myosin lever arm, including the proximal tail domain, increase the flexibility of the adaptor-motor linkage, and that increased flexibility correlates with faster actomyosin association and dissociation rates. Taken together, the GIPC MIR-myosin VI interaction stimulates a twofold to threefold increase in ensemble cargo speed. Furthermore, the GIPC MIR-myosin VI ensembles yield similar cargo run lengths as forced processive myosin VI dimers. We conclude that the emergent behavior from these individual aspects of myosin regulation is the fast, processive, and smooth cargo transport on cellular actin networks. Our study delineates the multimodal regulation of myosin VI by the cargo adaptor GIPC, while highlighting linkage flexibility as a novel biophysical mechanism for modulating cellular cargo motility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashim Rai
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Rachit Shrivastava
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Duha Vang
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Michael Ritt
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Fredrik Sadler
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Shreyas Bhaban
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Murti Salapaka
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Sivaraj Sivaramakrishnan
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.
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17
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Magistrati E, Maestrini G, Niño CA, Lince-Faria M, Beznoussenko G, Mironov A, Maspero E, Bettencourt-Dias M, Polo S. Myosin VI regulates ciliogenesis by promoting the turnover of the centrosomal/satellite protein OFD1. EMBO Rep 2021; 23:e54160. [PMID: 34957672 PMCID: PMC8892233 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202154160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The actin motor protein myosin VI is a multivalent protein with diverse functions. Here, we identified and characterised a myosin VI ubiquitous interactor, the oral‐facial‐digital syndrome 1 (OFD1) protein, whose mutations cause malformations of the face, oral cavity, digits and polycystic kidney disease. We found that myosin VI regulates the localisation of OFD1 at the centrioles and, as a consequence, the recruitment of the distal appendage protein Cep164. Myosin VI depletion in non‐tumoural cell lines causes an aberrant localisation of OFD1 along the centriolar walls, which is due to a reduction in the OFD1 mobile fraction. Finally, loss of myosin VI triggers a severe defect in ciliogenesis that could be, at least partially, ascribed to an impairment in the autophagic removal of OFD1 from satellites. Altogether, our results highlight an unprecedent layer of regulation of OFD1 and a pivotal role of myosin VI in coordinating the formation of the distal appendages and primary cilium with important implications for the genetic disorders known as ciliopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Magistrati
- IFOM, Fondazione Istituto FIRC di Oncologia Molecolare, Milan, Italy
| | - Giorgia Maestrini
- IFOM, Fondazione Istituto FIRC di Oncologia Molecolare, Milan, Italy
| | - Carlos A Niño
- IFOM, Fondazione Istituto FIRC di Oncologia Molecolare, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | - Alexandre Mironov
- IFOM, Fondazione Istituto FIRC di Oncologia Molecolare, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Maspero
- IFOM, Fondazione Istituto FIRC di Oncologia Molecolare, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Simona Polo
- IFOM, Fondazione Istituto FIRC di Oncologia Molecolare, Milan, Italy.,Dipartimento di Oncologia ed Emato-oncologia, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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18
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Marsal M, Hernández-Vega A, Pouille PA, Martin-Blanco E. Rab5ab-Mediated Yolk Cell Membrane Endocytosis Is Essential for Zebrafish Epiboly and Mechanical Equilibrium During Gastrulation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:697097. [PMID: 34778246 PMCID: PMC8585776 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.697097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Morphogenesis in early embryos demands the coordinated distribution of cells and tissues to their final destination in a spatio-temporal controlled way. Spatial and scalar differences in adhesion and contractility are essential for these morphogenetic movements, while the role that membrane remodeling may play remains less clear. To evaluate how membrane turnover modulates tissue arrangements we studied the role of endocytosis in zebrafish epiboly. Experimental analyses and modeling have shown that the expansion of the blastoderm relies on an asymmetry of mechanical tension in the yolk cell generated as a result of actomyosin-dependent contraction and membrane removal. Here we show that the GTPase Rab5ab is essential for the endocytosis and the removal of the external yolk cell syncytial layer (E-YSL) membrane. Interfering in its expression exclusively in the yolk resulted in the reduction of yolk cell actomyosin contractility, the disruption of cortical and internal flows, a disequilibrium in force balance and epiboly impairment. We conclude that regulated membrane remodeling is crucial for directing cell and tissue mechanics, preserving embryo geometry and coordinating morphogenetic movements during epiboly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Marsal
- Instituto de Biología Molecular de Barcelona, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Parc Cientific de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Amayra Hernández-Vega
- Instituto de Biología Molecular de Barcelona, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Parc Cientific de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Philippe-Alexandre Pouille
- Instituto de Biología Molecular de Barcelona, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Parc Cientific de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Enrique Martin-Blanco
- Instituto de Biología Molecular de Barcelona, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Parc Cientific de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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19
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Rai A, Vang D, Ritt M, Sivaramakrishnan S. Dynamic multimerization of Dab2-Myosin VI complexes regulates cargo processivity while minimizing cortical actin reorganization. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100232. [PMID: 33372034 PMCID: PMC7948593 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.012703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Myosin VI ensembles on endocytic cargo facilitate directed transport through a dense cortical actin network. Myosin VI is recruited to clathrin-coated endosomes via the cargo adaptor Dab2. Canonically, it has been assumed that the interactions between a motor and its cargo adaptor are stable. However, it has been demonstrated that the force generated by multiple stably attached motors disrupts local cytoskeletal architecture, potentially compromising transport. In this study, we demonstrate that dynamic multimerization of myosin VI-Dab2 complexes facilitates cargo processivity without significant reorganization of cortical actin networks. Specifically, we find that Dab2 myosin interacting region (MIR) binds myosin VI with a moderate affinity (184 nM) and single-molecule kinetic measurements demonstrate a high rate of turnover (1 s−1) of the Dab2 MIR–myosin VI interaction. Single-molecule motility shows that saturating Dab2-MIR concentration (2 μM) promotes myosin VI homodimerization and processivity with run lengths comparable with constitutive myosin VI dimers. Cargo-mimetic DNA origami scaffolds patterned with Dab2 MIR-myosin VI complexes are weakly processive, displaying sparse motility on single actin filaments and “stop-and-go” motion on a cellular actin network. On a minimal actin cortex assembled on lipid bilayers, unregulated processive movement by either constitutive myosin V or VI dimers results in actin remodeling and foci formation. In contrast, Dab2 MIR–myosin VI interactions preserve the integrity of a minimal cortical actin network. Taken together, our study demonstrates the importance of dynamic motor–cargo association in enabling cargo transportation without disrupting cytoskeletal organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashim Rai
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Duha Vang
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Michael Ritt
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Sivaraj Sivaramakrishnan
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.
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20
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Jiang F, Takagi Y, Shams A, Heissler SM, Friedman TB, Sellers JR, Bird JE. The ATPase mechanism of myosin 15, the molecular motor mutated in DFNB3 human deafness. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100243. [PMID: 33372036 PMCID: PMC7948958 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.014903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cochlear hair cells each possess an exquisite bundle of actin-based stereocilia that detect sound. Unconventional myosin 15 (MYO15) traffics and delivers critical molecules required for stereocilia development and thus is essential for building the mechanosensory hair bundle. Mutations in the human MYO15A gene interfere with stereocilia trafficking and cause hereditary hearing loss, DFNB3, but the impact of these mutations is not known, as MYO15 itself is poorly characterized. To learn more, we performed a kinetic study of the ATPase motor domain to characterize its mechanochemical cycle. Using the baculovirus-Sf9 system, we purified a recombinant minimal motor domain (S1) by coexpressing the mouse MYO15 ATPase, essential and regulatory light chains that bind its IQ domains, and UNC45 and HSP90A chaperones required for correct folding of the ATPase. MYO15 purified with either UNC45A or UNC45B coexpression had similar ATPase activities (kcat = ∼ 6 s-1 at 20 °C). Using stopped-flow and quenched-flow transient kinetic analyses, we measured the major rate constants describing the ATPase cycle, including ATP, ADP, and actin binding; hydrolysis; and phosphate release. Actin-attached ADP release was the slowest measured transition (∼12 s-1 at 20 °C), although this did not rate-limit the ATPase cycle. The kinetic analysis shows the MYO15 motor domain has a moderate duty ratio (∼0.5) and weak thermodynamic coupling between ADP and actin binding. These findings are consistent with MYO15 being kinetically adapted for processive motility when oligomerized. Our kinetic characterization enables future studies into how deafness-causing mutations affect MYO15 and disrupt stereocilia trafficking necessary for hearing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, and the Myology Institute, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Yasuharu Takagi
- Laboratory of Molecular Physiology, Cell and Developmental Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Arik Shams
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Sarah M Heissler
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Thomas B Friedman
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - James R Sellers
- Laboratory of Molecular Physiology, Cell and Developmental Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jonathan E Bird
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, and the Myology Institute, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA.
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21
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Figliuolo da Paz V, Ghishan FK, Kiela PR. Emerging Roles of Disabled Homolog 2 (DAB2) in Immune Regulation. Front Immunol 2020; 11:580302. [PMID: 33178208 PMCID: PMC7593574 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.580302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Disabled-2 (DAB2) is a clathrin and cargo binding endocytic adaptor protein recognized for its multifaceted roles in signaling pathways involved in cellular differentiation, proliferation, migration, tumor suppression, and other fundamental homeostatic cellular mechanisms. The requirement for DAB2 in the canonical TGFβ signaling in fibroblasts suggested that a similar mechanism may exist in immune cells and that DAB2 may contribute to immunological tolerance and suppression of inflammatory responses. In this review, we synthesize the current state of knowledge on the roles of DAB2 in the cells of the innate and adaptive immune system, with particular focus on antigen presenting cells (APCs; macrophages and dendritic cells) and regulatory T cells (Tregs). The emerging role of DAB2 in the immune system is that of an immunoregulatory molecule with significant roles in Treg-mediated immunosuppression, and suppression of TLR signaling in APC. DAB2 itself is downregulated by inflammatory stimuli, an event that likely contributes to the immunogenic function of APC. However, contrary findings have been described in neuroinflammatory disorders, thus suggesting a highly context-specific roles for DAB2 in immune cell regulation. There is need for better understanding of DAB2 regulation and its roles in different immune cells, their specialized sub-populations, and their responses under specific inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fayez K Ghishan
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Pawel R Kiela
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States.,Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
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22
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Myomics: myosin VI structural and functional plasticity. Curr Opin Struct Biol 2020; 67:33-40. [PMID: 33053464 DOI: 10.1016/j.sbi.2020.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Myosin VI is a minus end-directed actin motor protein that fulfils several roles in the cell. The interaction of myosin VI with its cellular cargoes is dictated by the presence of binding domains at the C-terminus of the protein. In this review, we describe how alternative splicing and structural and conformational changes modulate the plasticity of the myosin VI interactome. Recent findings highlight how the various partners can cooperate or compete for binding to allow a precise temporal and spatial regulation of myosin VI recruitment to different cellular compartments, where its motor or anchor function is needed.
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23
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Li S, Xiong GJ, Huang N, Sheng ZH. The cross-talk of energy sensing and mitochondrial anchoring sustains synaptic efficacy by maintaining presynaptic metabolism. Nat Metab 2020; 2:1077-1095. [PMID: 33020662 PMCID: PMC7572785 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-020-00289-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria supply ATP essential for synaptic transmission. Neurons face exceptional challenges in maintaining energy homoeostasis at synapses. Regulation of mitochondrial trafficking and anchoring is critical for neurons to meet increased energy consumption during sustained synaptic activity. However, mechanisms recruiting and retaining presynaptic mitochondria in sensing synaptic ATP levels remain elusive. Here we reveal an energy signalling axis that controls presynaptic mitochondrial maintenance. Activity-induced presynaptic energy deficits can be rescued by recruiting mitochondria through the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-p21-activated kinase (PAK) energy signalling pathway. Synaptic activity induces AMPK activation within axonal compartments and AMPK-PAK signalling triggers phosphorylation of myosin VI, which drives mitochondrial recruitment and syntaphilin-mediated anchoring on presynaptic filamentous actin. This pathway maintains presynaptic energy supply and calcium clearance during intensive synaptic activity. Disrupting this signalling cross-talk triggers local energy deficits and intracellular calcium build-up, leading to impaired synaptic efficacy during trains of stimulation and reduced recovery from synaptic depression after prolonged synaptic activity. Our study reveals a mechanistic cross-talk between energy sensing and mitochondria anchoring to maintain presynaptic metabolism, thus fine-tuning short-term synaptic plasticity and prolonged synaptic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunan Li
- Synaptic Function Section, The Porter Neuroscience Research Center, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Gui-Jing Xiong
- Synaptic Function Section, The Porter Neuroscience Research Center, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ning Huang
- Synaptic Function Section, The Porter Neuroscience Research Center, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Zu-Hang Sheng
- Synaptic Function Section, The Porter Neuroscience Research Center, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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24
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Kessels MM, Qualmann B. Interplay between membrane curvature and the actin cytoskeleton. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2020; 68:10-19. [PMID: 32927373 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2020.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
An intimate interplay of the plasma membrane with curvature-sensing and curvature-inducing proteins would allow for defining specific sites or nanodomains of action at the plasma membrane, for example, for protrusion, invagination, and polarization. In addition, such connections are predestined to ensure spatial and temporal order and sequences. The combined forces of membrane shapers and the cortical actin cytoskeleton might hereby in particular be required to overcome the strong resistance against membrane rearrangements in case of high plasma membrane tension or cellular turgor. Interestingly, also the opposite might be necessary, the inhibition of both membrane shapers and cytoskeletal reinforcement structures to relieve membrane tension to protect cells from membrane damage and rupturing during mechanical stress. In this review article, we discuss recent conceptual advances enlightening the interplay of plasma membrane curvature and the cortical actin cytoskeleton during endocytosis, modulations of membrane tensions, and the shaping of entire cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael M Kessels
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Nonnenplan 2-4, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Britta Qualmann
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Nonnenplan 2-4, 07743, Jena, Germany.
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25
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Abstract
Myosins constitute a superfamily of actin-based molecular motor proteins that mediates a variety of cellular activities including muscle contraction, cell migration, intracellular transport, the formation of membrane projections, cell adhesion, and cell signaling. The 12 myosin classes that are expressed in humans share sequence similarities especially in the N-terminal motor domain; however, their enzymatic activities, regulation, ability to dimerize, binding partners, and cellular functions differ. It is becoming increasingly apparent that defects in myosins are associated with diseases including cardiomyopathies, colitis, glomerulosclerosis, neurological defects, cancer, blindness, and deafness. Here, we review the current state of knowledge regarding myosins and disease.
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26
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Formation of Aberrant Myotubes by Myoblasts Lacking Myosin VI Is Associated with Alterations in the Cytoskeleton Organization, Myoblast Adhesion and Fusion. Cells 2020; 9:cells9071673. [PMID: 32664530 PMCID: PMC7408620 DOI: 10.3390/cells9071673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We have previously postulated that unconventional myosin VI (MVI) could be involved in myoblast differentiation. Here, we addressed the mechanism(s) of its involvement using primary myoblast culture derived from the hindlimb muscles of Snell’s waltzer mice, the natural MVI knockouts (MVI-KO). We observed that MVI-KO myotubes were formed faster than control heterozygous myoblasts (MVI-WT), with a three-fold increase in the number of myosac-like myotubes with centrally positioned nuclei. There were also changes in the levels of the myogenic transcription factors Pax7, MyoD and myogenin. This was accompanied by changes in the actin cytoskeleton and adhesive structure organization. We observed significant decreases in the levels of proteins involved in focal contact formation, such as talin and focal adhesion kinase (FAK). Interestingly, the levels of proteins involved in intercellular communication, M-cadherin and drebrin, were also affected. Furthermore, time-dependent alterations in the levels of the key proteins for myoblast membrane fusion, myomaker and myomerger, without effect on their cellular localization, were observed. Our data indicate that in the absence of MVI, the mechanisms controlling cytoskeleton organization, as well as myoblast adhesion and fusion, are dysregulated, leading to the formation of aberrant myotubes.
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27
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O'Loughlin T, Kendrick-Jones J, Buss F. Approaches to Identify and Characterise MYO6-Cargo Interactions. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1239:355-380. [PMID: 32451866 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-38062-5_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Given the prevalence and importance of the actin cytoskeleton and the host of associated myosin motors, it comes as no surprise to find that they are linked to a plethora of cellular functions and pathologies. Although our understanding of the biophysical properties of myosin motors has been aided by the high levels of conservation in their motor domains and the extensive work on myosin in skeletal muscle contraction, our understanding of how the nonmuscle myosins participate in such a wide variety of cellular processes is less clear. It is now well established that the highly variable myosin tails are responsible for targeting these myosins to distinct cellular sites for specific functions, and although a number of adaptor proteins have been identified, our current understanding of the cellular processes involved is rather limited. Furthermore, as more adaptor proteins, cargoes and complexes are identified, the importance of elucidating the regulatory mechanisms involved is essential. Ca2+, and now phosphorylation and ubiquitination, are emerging as important regulators of cargo binding, and it is likely that other post-translational modifications are also involved. In the case of myosin VI (MYO6), a number of immediate binding partners have been identified using traditional approaches such as yeast two-hybrid screens and affinity-based pull-downs. However, these methods have only been successful in identifying the cargo adaptors, but not the cargoes themselves, which may often comprise multi-protein complexes. Furthermore, motor-adaptor-cargo interactions are dynamic by nature and often weak, transient and highly regulated and therefore difficult to capture using traditional affinity-based methods. In this chapter we will discuss the various approaches including functional proteomics that have been used to uncover and characterise novel MYO6-associated proteins and complexes and how this work contributes to a fuller understanding of the targeting and function(s) of this unique myosin motor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas O'Loughlin
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, The Keith Peters Building, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Folma Buss
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, The Keith Peters Building, Cambridge, UK.
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28
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Unconventional Myosins: How Regulation Meets Function. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 21:ijms21010067. [PMID: 31861842 PMCID: PMC6981383 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21010067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Unconventional myosins are multi-potent molecular motors that are assigned important roles in fundamental cellular processes. Depending on their mechano-enzymatic properties and structural features, myosins fulfil their roles by acting as cargo transporters along the actin cytoskeleton, molecular anchors or tension sensors. In order to perform such a wide range of roles and modes of action, myosins need to be under tight regulation in time and space. This is achieved at multiple levels through diverse regulatory mechanisms: the alternative splicing of various isoforms, the interaction with their binding partners, their phosphorylation, their applied load and the composition of their local environment, such as ions and lipids. This review summarizes our current knowledge of how unconventional myosins are regulated, how these regulatory mechanisms can adapt to the specific features of a myosin and how they can converge with each other in order to ensure the required tight control of their function.
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29
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Fili N, Hari-Gupta Y, Aston B, Dos Santos Á, Gough RE, Alamad B, Wang L, Martin-Fernandez ML, Toseland CP. Competition between two high- and low-affinity protein-binding sites in myosin VI controls its cellular function. J Biol Chem 2019; 295:337-347. [PMID: 31744880 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.010142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Myosin VI is involved in many cellular processes ranging from endocytosis to transcription. This multifunctional potential is achieved through alternative isoform splicing and through interactions of myosin VI with a diverse network of binding partners. However, the interplay between these two modes of regulation remains unexplored. To this end, we compared two different binding partners and their interactions with myosin VI by exploring the kinetic properties of recombinant proteins and their distribution in mammalian cells using fluorescence imaging. We found that selectivity for these binding partners is achieved through a high-affinity motif and a low-affinity motif within myosin VI. These two motifs allow competition among partners for myosin VI. Exploring how this competition affects the activity of nuclear myosin VI, we demonstrate the impact of a concentration-driven interaction with the low-affinity binding partner DAB2, finding that this interaction blocks the ability of nuclear myosin VI to bind DNA and its transcriptional activity in vitro We conclude that loss of DAB2, a tumor suppressor, may enhance myosin VI-mediated transcription. We propose that the frequent loss of specific myosin VI partner proteins during the onset of cancer leads to a higher level of nuclear myosin VI activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Fili
- Sheffield Cancer Centre, Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2RX, United Kingdom
| | - Yukti Hari-Gupta
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury CT2 7NZ, United Kingdom
| | - Bjork Aston
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury CT2 7NZ, United Kingdom
| | - Ália Dos Santos
- Sheffield Cancer Centre, Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2RX, United Kingdom
| | - Rosemarie E Gough
- Sheffield Cancer Centre, Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2RX, United Kingdom
| | - Bana Alamad
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury CT2 7NZ, United Kingdom
| | - Lin Wang
- Central Laser Facility, Research Complex at Harwell, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell, Didcot, Oxford OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - Marisa L Martin-Fernandez
- Central Laser Facility, Research Complex at Harwell, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell, Didcot, Oxford OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher P Toseland
- Sheffield Cancer Centre, Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2RX, United Kingdom.
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30
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Robert-Paganin J, Pylypenko O, Kikuti C, Sweeney HL, Houdusse A. Force Generation by Myosin Motors: A Structural Perspective. Chem Rev 2019; 120:5-35. [PMID: 31689091 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Generating force and movement is essential for the functions of cells and organisms. A variety of molecular motors that can move on tracks within cells have evolved to serve this role. How these motors interact with their tracks and how that, in turn, leads to the generation of force and movement is key to understanding the cellular roles that these motor-track systems serve. This review is focused on the best understood of these systems, which is the molecular motor myosin that moves on tracks of filamentous (F-) actin. The review highlights both the progress and the limits of our current understanding of how force generation can be controlled by F-actin-myosin interactions. What has emerged are insights they may serve as a framework for understanding the design principles of a number of types of molecular motors and their interactions with their tracks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Robert-Paganin
- Structural Motility , UMR 144 CNRS/Curie Institute , 26 rue d'ulm , 75258 Paris cedex 05 , France
| | - Olena Pylypenko
- Structural Motility , UMR 144 CNRS/Curie Institute , 26 rue d'ulm , 75258 Paris cedex 05 , France
| | - Carlos Kikuti
- Structural Motility , UMR 144 CNRS/Curie Institute , 26 rue d'ulm , 75258 Paris cedex 05 , France
| | - H Lee Sweeney
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics and the Myology Institute , University of Florida College of Medicine , PO Box 100267, Gainesville , Florida 32610-0267 , United States
| | - Anne Houdusse
- Structural Motility , UMR 144 CNRS/Curie Institute , 26 rue d'ulm , 75258 Paris cedex 05 , France
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31
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Biancospino M, Buel GR, Niño CA, Maspero E, Scotto di Perrotolo R, Raimondi A, Redlingshöfer L, Weber J, Brodsky FM, Walters KJ, Polo S. Clathrin light chain A drives selective myosin VI recruitment to clathrin-coated pits under membrane tension. Nat Commun 2019; 10:4974. [PMID: 31672988 PMCID: PMC6823378 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12855-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Clathrin light chains (CLCa and CLCb) are major constituents of clathrin-coated vesicles. Unique functions for these evolutionary conserved paralogs remain elusive, and their role in clathrin-mediated endocytosis in mammalian cells is debated. Here, we find and structurally characterize a direct and selective interaction between CLCa and the long isoform of the actin motor protein myosin VI, which is expressed exclusively in highly polarized tissues. Using genetically-reconstituted Caco-2 cysts as proxy for polarized epithelia, we provide evidence for coordinated action of myosin VI and CLCa at the apical surface where these proteins are essential for fission of clathrin-coated pits. We further find that myosin VI and Huntingtin-interacting protein 1-related protein (Hip1R) are mutually exclusive interactors with CLCa, and suggest a model for the sequential function of myosin VI and Hip1R in actin-mediated clathrin-coated vesicle budding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Biancospino
- IFOM, Fondazione Istituto FIRC di Oncologia Molecolare, 20139, Milan, Italy
| | - Gwen R Buel
- Structural Biophysics Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Carlos A Niño
- IFOM, Fondazione Istituto FIRC di Oncologia Molecolare, 20139, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Maspero
- IFOM, Fondazione Istituto FIRC di Oncologia Molecolare, 20139, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Andrea Raimondi
- Experimental Imaging Center, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Lisa Redlingshöfer
- Division of Biosciences, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Janine Weber
- IFOM, Fondazione Istituto FIRC di Oncologia Molecolare, 20139, Milan, Italy
| | - Frances M Brodsky
- Division of Biosciences, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK.
| | - Kylie J Walters
- Structural Biophysics Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA.
| | - Simona Polo
- IFOM, Fondazione Istituto FIRC di Oncologia Molecolare, 20139, Milan, Italy.
- Dipartimento di Oncologia ed Emato-oncologia, Universita' degli Studi di Milano, 20122, Milan, Italy.
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32
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Hu S, Guo Y, Wang Y, Li Y, Fu T, Zhou Z, Wang Y, Liu J, Pan L. Structure of Myosin VI/Tom1 complex reveals a cargo recognition mode of Myosin VI for tethering. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3459. [PMID: 31371777 PMCID: PMC6673701 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11481-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Myosin VI plays crucial roles in diverse cellular processes. In autophagy, Myosin VI can facilitate the maturation of autophagosomes through interactions with Tom1 and the autophagy receptors, Optineurin, NDP52 and TAX1BP1. Here, we report the high-resolution crystal structure of the C-terminal cargo-binding domain (CBD) of Myosin VI in complex with Tom1, which elucidates the mechanistic basis underpinning the specific interaction between Myosin VI and Tom1, and uncovers that the C-terminal CBD of Myosin VI adopts a unique cargo recognition mode to interact with Tom1 for tethering. Furthermore, we show that Myosin VI can serve as a bridging adaptor to simultaneously interact with Tom1 and autophagy receptors through two distinct interfaces. In all, our findings provide mechanistic insights into the interactions of Myosin VI with Tom1 and relevant autophagy receptors, and are valuable for further understanding the functions of these proteins in autophagy and the cargo recognition modes of Myosin VI. Myosin VI can facilitate the maturation of autophagosomes in autophagy through interactions with Tom1 and autophagy receptors. Here authors report the structure of the cargobinding domain of Myosin VI in complex with Tom1, which provides insights into Myosin IV’s cargo recognition modes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shichen Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Yujiao Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingli Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Zixuan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Yaru Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianping Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Lifeng Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200032, Shanghai, China.
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33
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Rogez B, Würthner L, Petrova AB, Zierhut FB, Saczko-Brack D, Huergo MA, Batters C, Frey E, Veigel C. Reconstitution reveals how myosin-VI self-organises to generate a dynamic mechanism of membrane sculpting. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3305. [PMID: 31341165 PMCID: PMC6656732 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11268-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
One enigma in biology is the generation, sensing and maintenance of membrane curvature. Curvature-mediating proteins have been shown to induce specific membrane shapes by direct insertion and nanoscopic scaffolding, while the cytoskeletal motors exert forces indirectly through microtubule and actin networks. It remains unclear, whether the manifold direct motorprotein-lipid interactions themselves constitute another fundamental route to remodel the membrane shape. Here we show, combining super-resolution-fluorescence microscopy and membrane-reshaping nanoparticles, that curvature-dependent lipid interactions of myosin-VI on its own, remarkably remodel the membrane geometry into dynamic spatial patterns on the nano- to micrometer scale. We propose a quantitative theoretical model that explains this dynamic membrane sculpting mechanism. The emerging route of motorprotein-lipid interactions reshaping membrane morphology by a mechanism of feedback and instability opens up hitherto unexplored avenues of membrane remodelling and links cytoskeletal motors to early events in the sequence of membrane sculpting in eukaryotic cell biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoit Rogez
- Department of Cellular Physiology, Biomedical Center (BMC), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Grosshadernerstrasse 9, 82152, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
- Center for Nanosciences (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Schellingstrasse 4, 80799, München, Germany
| | - Laeschkir Würthner
- Center for Nanosciences (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Schellingstrasse 4, 80799, München, Germany
- Arnold-Sommerfeld-Center for Theoretical Physics (ASC), Department of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Theresienstrasse 37, 80333, München, Germany
| | - Anastasiia B Petrova
- Department of Cellular Physiology, Biomedical Center (BMC), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Grosshadernerstrasse 9, 82152, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
- Center for Nanosciences (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Schellingstrasse 4, 80799, München, Germany
| | - Felix B Zierhut
- Department of Cellular Physiology, Biomedical Center (BMC), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Grosshadernerstrasse 9, 82152, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
- Center for Nanosciences (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Schellingstrasse 4, 80799, München, Germany
| | - Dario Saczko-Brack
- Department of Cellular Physiology, Biomedical Center (BMC), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Grosshadernerstrasse 9, 82152, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
- Center for Nanosciences (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Schellingstrasse 4, 80799, München, Germany
| | - Maria-Ana Huergo
- Theoretical and Applied Physical Chemistry Research Institute (INIFTA), National University of La Plata, Diagonal 113, 1900, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Christopher Batters
- Department of Cellular Physiology, Biomedical Center (BMC), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Grosshadernerstrasse 9, 82152, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
- Center for Nanosciences (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Schellingstrasse 4, 80799, München, Germany
| | - Erwin Frey
- Center for Nanosciences (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Schellingstrasse 4, 80799, München, Germany.
- Arnold-Sommerfeld-Center for Theoretical Physics (ASC), Department of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Theresienstrasse 37, 80333, München, Germany.
| | - Claudia Veigel
- Department of Cellular Physiology, Biomedical Center (BMC), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Grosshadernerstrasse 9, 82152, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany.
- Center for Nanosciences (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Schellingstrasse 4, 80799, München, Germany.
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34
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de Jonge JJ, Batters C, O'Loughlin T, Arden SD, Buss F. The MYO6 interactome: selective motor-cargo complexes for diverse cellular processes. FEBS Lett 2019; 593:1494-1507. [PMID: 31206648 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Myosins of class VI (MYO6) are unique actin-based motor proteins that move cargo towards the minus ends of actin filaments. As the sole myosin with this directionality, it is critically important in a number of biological processes. Indeed, loss or overexpression of MYO6 in humans is linked to a variety of pathologies including deafness, cardiomyopathy, neurodegenerative diseases as well as cancer. This myosin interacts with a wide variety of direct binding partners such as for example the selective autophagy receptors optineurin, TAX1BP1 and NDP52 and also Dab2, GIPC, TOM1 and LMTK2, which mediate distinct functions of different MYO6 isoforms along the endocytic pathway. Functional proteomics has recently been used to identify the wider MYO6 interactome including several large functionally distinct multi-protein complexes, which highlight the importance of this myosin in regulating the actin and septin cytoskeleton. Interestingly, adaptor-binding not only triggers cargo attachment, but also controls the inactive folded conformation and dimerisation of MYO6. Thus, the C-terminal tail domain mediates cargo recognition and binding, but is also crucial for modulating motor activity and regulating cytoskeletal track dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Thomas O'Loughlin
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Susan D Arden
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Folma Buss
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, UK
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35
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Wagner W, Lippmann K, Heisler FF, Gromova KV, Lombino FL, Roesler MK, Pechmann Y, Hornig S, Schweizer M, Polo S, Schwarz JR, Eilers J, Kneussel M. Myosin VI Drives Clathrin-Mediated AMPA Receptor Endocytosis to Facilitate Cerebellar Long-Term Depression. Cell Rep 2019; 28:11-20.e9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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36
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Rahajeng J, Kuna RS, Makowski SL, Tran TTT, Buschman MD, Li S, Cheng N, Ng MM, Field SJ. Efficient Golgi Forward Trafficking Requires GOLPH3-Driven, PI4P-Dependent Membrane Curvature. Dev Cell 2019; 50:573-585.e5. [PMID: 31231041 PMCID: PMC7583631 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2019.05.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Vesicle budding for Golgi-to-plasma membrane trafficking is a key step in secretion. Proteins that induce curvature of the Golgi membrane are predicted to be required, by analogy to vesicle budding from other membranes. Here, we demonstrate that GOLPH3, upon binding to the phosphoinositide PI4P, induces curvature of synthetic membranes in vitro and the Golgi in cells. Moreover, efficient Golgi-to-plasma membrane trafficking critically depends on the ability of GOLPH3 to curve the Golgi membrane. Interestingly, uncoupling of GOLPH3 from its binding partner MYO18A results in extensive curvature of Golgi membranes, producing dramatic tubulation of the Golgi, but does not support forward trafficking. Thus, forward trafficking from the Golgi to the plasma membrane requires the ability of GOLPH3 both to induce Golgi membrane curvature and to recruit MYO18A. These data provide fundamental insight into the mechanism of Golgi trafficking and into the function of the unique Golgi secretory oncoproteins GOLPH3 and MYO18A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliati Rahajeng
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Ramya S Kuna
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Stefanie L Makowski
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Thuy T T Tran
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Matthew D Buschman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Sheng Li
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Norton Cheng
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Michelle M Ng
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Seth J Field
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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37
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Hu J, Cheng S, Wang H, Li X, Liu S, Wu M, Liu Y, Wang X. Distinct roles of two myosins in C. elegans spermatid differentiation. PLoS Biol 2019; 17:e3000211. [PMID: 30990821 PMCID: PMC6485759 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3000211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
During spermatogenesis, interconnected haploid spermatids segregate undesired cellular contents into residual bodies (RBs) before detaching from RBs. It is unclear how this differentiation process is controlled to produce individual spermatids or motile spermatozoa. Here, we developed a live imaging system to visualize and investigate this process in C. elegans. We found that non-muscle myosin 2 (NMY-2)/myosin II drives incomplete cytokinesis to generate connected haploid spermatids, which are then polarized to segregate undesired cellular contents into RBs under the control of myosin II and myosin VI. NMY-2/myosin II extends from the pseudo-cleavage furrow formed between two haploid spermatids to the spermatid poles, thus promoting RB expansion. In the meantime, defective spermatogenesis 15 (SPE-15)/myosin VI migrates from spermatids towards the expanding RB to promote spermatid budding. Loss of myosin II or myosin VI causes distinct cytoplasm segregation defects, while loss of both myosins completely blocks RB formation. We found that the final separation of spermatids from RBs is achieved through myosin VI-mediated cytokinesis, while myosin II is dispensable at this step. SPE-15/myosin VI and F-actin form a detergent-resistant actomyosin VI ring that undergoes continuous contraction to promote membrane constriction between spermatid and RB. We further identified that RGS-GAIP-interacting protein C terminus (GIPC)-1 and GIPC-2 cooperate with myosin VI to regulate contractile ring formation and spermatid release. Our study reveals distinct roles of myosin II and myosin VI in spermatid differentiation and uncovers a novel myosin VI-mediated cytokinesis process that controls spermatid release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyan Hu
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shiya Cheng
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Haibin Wang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Li
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Sun Liu
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mengmeng Wu
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yubing Liu
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaochen Wang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- * E-mail:
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38
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Abstract
Kinesin motor proteins that drive intracellular transport share an overall architecture of two motor domain-containing subunits that dimerize through a coiled-coil stalk. Dimerization allows kinesins to be processive motors, taking many steps along the microtubule track before detaching. However, whether dimerization is required for intracellular transport remains unknown. Here, we address this issue using a combination of in vitro and cellular assays to directly compare dimeric motors across the kinesin-1, -2, and -3 families to their minimal monomeric forms. Surprisingly, we find that monomeric motors are able to work in teams to drive peroxisome dispersion in cells. However, peroxisome transport requires minimal force output, and we find that most monomeric motors are unable to disperse the Golgi complex, a high-load cargo. Strikingly, monomeric versions of the kinesin-2 family motors KIF3A and KIF3B are able to drive Golgi dispersion in cells, and teams of monomeric KIF3B motors can generate over 8 pN of force in an optical trap. We find that intracellular transport and force output by monomeric motors, but not dimeric motors, are significantly decreased by the addition of longer and more flexible motor-to-cargo linkers. Together, these results suggest that dimerization of kinesin motors is not required for intracellular transport; however, it enables motor-to-motor coordination and high force generation regardless of motor-to-cargo distance. Dimerization of kinesin motors is thus critical for cellular events that require an ability to generate or withstand high forces.
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39
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Cruz DF, Farinha CM, Swiatecka-Urban A. Unraveling the Function of Lemur Tyrosine Kinase 2 Network. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:24. [PMID: 30761001 PMCID: PMC6361741 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Lemur Tyrosine Kinase 2 (LMTK2) is a recently cloned transmembrane protein, actually a serine/threonine kinase named after the Madagascar primate lemur due to the long intracellular C-terminal tail. LMTK2 is relatively little known, compared to other kinases but its role has been increasingly recognized. Published data show that LMTK2 regulates key cellular events, including endocytic trafficking, nerve growth factor signaling, apoptosis, and Cl- transport. Abnormalities in the expression and function of LMTK2 are associated with human disease, such as neurodegeneration, cancer and infertility. We summarized the current state of knowledge on LMTK2 structure, regulation, interactome, intracellular localization, and tissue expression and point out future research directions to better understand the role of LMTK2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel F Cruz
- Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisboa, Campo Grande, Portugal.,Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Carlos M Farinha
- Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisboa, Campo Grande, Portugal
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40
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Honda A, Kita T, Seshadri SV, Misaki K, Ahmed Z, Ladbury JE, Richardson GP, Yonemura S, Ladher RK. FGFR1-mediated protocadherin-15 loading mediates cargo specificity during intraflagellar transport in inner ear hair-cell kinocilia. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:8388-8393. [PMID: 30061390 PMCID: PMC6099903 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1719861115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanosensory hair cells of the inner ear are required for hearing and balance and have a distinctive apical structure, the hair bundle, that converts mechanical stimuli into electrical signals. This structure comprises a single cilium, the kinocilium, lying adjacent to an ensemble of actin-based projections known as stereocilia. Hair bundle polarity depends on kinociliary protocadherin-15 (Pcdh15) localization. Protocadherin-15 is found only in hair-cell kinocilia, and is not localized to the primary cilia of adjacent supporting cells. Thus, Pcdh15 must be specifically targeted and trafficked into the hair-cell kinocilium. Here we show that kinocilial Pcdh15 trafficking relies on cell type-specific coupling to the generic intraflagellar transport (IFT) transport mechanism. We uncover a role for fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) in loading Pcdh15 onto kinociliary transport particles in hair cells. We find that on activation, FGFR1 binds and phosphorylates Pcdh15. Moreover, we find a previously uncharacterized role for clathrin in coupling this kinocilia-specific cargo with the anterograde IFT-B complex through the adaptor, DAB2. Our results identify a modified ciliary transport pathway used for Pcdh15 transport into the cilium of the inner ear hair cell and coordinated by FGFR1 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Honda
- Laboratory for Sensory Development, RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology, 650-0047 Kobe, Japan
| | - Tomoko Kita
- Laboratory for Sensory Development, RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology, 650-0047 Kobe, Japan
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Kyoto University Hospital, 606-8507 Kyoto, Japan
| | | | - Kazuyo Misaki
- Ultrastructural Research Team, RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, 650-0047 Kobe, Japan
- Department of Cell Biology, Tokushima University, 770-8503 Tokushima, Japan
| | - Zamal Ahmed
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - John E Ladbury
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT Leeds, United Kingdom
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030
- Center for Biomolecular Structure and Function, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Guy P Richardson
- Sussex Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, BN1 9QG Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - Shigenobu Yonemura
- Ultrastructural Research Team, RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, 650-0047 Kobe, Japan
- Department of Cell Biology, Tokushima University, 770-8503 Tokushima, Japan
| | - Raj K Ladher
- Laboratory for Sensory Development, RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology, 650-0047 Kobe, Japan;
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, 560-065 Bangalore, India
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41
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Hernando N, Wagner CA. Mechanisms and Regulation of Intestinal Phosphate Absorption. Compr Physiol 2018; 8:1065-1090. [PMID: 29978897 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c170024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
States of hypo- and hyperphosphatemia have deleterious consequences including rickets/osteomalacia and renal/cardiovascular disease, respectively. Therefore, the maintenance of appropriate plasma levels of phosphate is an essential requirement for health. This control is executed by the collaborative action of intestine and kidney whose capacities to (re)absorb phosphate are regulated by a number of hormonal and metabolic factors, among them parathyroid hormone, fibroblast growth factor 23, 1,25(OH)2 vitamin D3 , and dietary phosphate. The molecular mechanisms responsible for the transepithelial transport of phosphate across enterocytes are only partially understood. Indeed, whereas renal reabsorption entirely relies on well-characterized active transport mechanisms of phosphate across the renal proximal epithelia, intestinal absorption proceeds via active and passive mechanisms, with the molecular identity of the passive component still unknown. The active absorption of phosphate depends mostly on the activity and expression of the sodium-dependent phosphate cotransporter NaPi-IIb (SLC34A2), which is highly regulated by many of the factors, mentioned earlier. Physiologically, the contribution of NaPi-IIb to the maintenance of phosphate balance appears to be mostly relevant during periods of low phosphate availability. Therefore, its role in individuals living in industrialized societies with high phosphate intake is probably less relevant. Importantly, small increases in plasma phosphate, even within normal range, associate with higher risk of cardiovascular disease. Therefore, therapeutic approaches to treat hyperphosphatemia, including dietary phosphate restriction and phosphate binders, aim at reducing intestinal absorption. Here we review the current state of research in the field. © 2017 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 8:1065-1090, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nati Hernando
- National Center for Competence in Research NCCR Kidney.CH, Institute of Physiology, University Zurich-Irchel, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Carsten A Wagner
- National Center for Competence in Research NCCR Kidney.CH, Institute of Physiology, University Zurich-Irchel, Zurich, Switzerland
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42
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Ripoll L, Heiligenstein X, Hurbain I, Domingues L, Figon F, Petersen KJ, Dennis MK, Houdusse A, Marks MS, Raposo G, Delevoye C. Myosin VI and branched actin filaments mediate membrane constriction and fission of melanosomal tubule carriers. J Cell Biol 2018; 217:2709-2726. [PMID: 29875258 PMCID: PMC6080934 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201709055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Revised: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Vesicular and tubular transport intermediates regulate organellar cargo dynamics. Transport carrier release involves local and profound membrane remodeling before fission. Pinching the neck of a budding tubule or vesicle requires mechanical forces, likely exerted by the action of molecular motors on the cytoskeleton. Here, we show that myosin VI, together with branched actin filaments, constricts the membrane of tubular carriers that are then released from melanosomes, the pigment containing lysosome-related organelles of melanocytes. By combining superresolution fluorescence microscopy, correlative light and electron microscopy, and biochemical analyses, we find that myosin VI motor activity mediates severing by constricting the neck of the tubule at specific melanosomal subdomains. Pinching of the tubules involves the cooperation of the myosin adaptor optineurin and the activity of actin nucleation machineries, including the WASH and Arp2/3 complexes. The fission and release of these tubules allows for the export of components from melanosomes, such as the SNARE VAMP7, and promotes melanosome maturation and transfer to keratinocytes. Our data reveal a new myosin VI- and actin-dependent membrane fission mechanism required for organelle function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Léa Ripoll
- Structure and Membrane Compartments, Institut Curie, Paris Sciences & Lettres Research University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR144, Paris, France
| | - Xavier Heiligenstein
- Structure and Membrane Compartments, Institut Curie, Paris Sciences & Lettres Research University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR144, Paris, France
| | - Ilse Hurbain
- Structure and Membrane Compartments, Institut Curie, Paris Sciences & Lettres Research University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR144, Paris, France.,Cell and Tissue Imaging Facility, Institut Curie, Paris Sciences & Lettres Research University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR144, Paris, France
| | - Lia Domingues
- Structure and Membrane Compartments, Institut Curie, Paris Sciences & Lettres Research University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR144, Paris, France
| | - Florent Figon
- Structure and Membrane Compartments, Institut Curie, Paris Sciences & Lettres Research University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR144, Paris, France.,Master BioSciences, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Karl J Petersen
- Structural Motility, Institut Curie, Paris Sciences & Lettres Research University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR144, Paris, France
| | - Megan K Dennis
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA.,Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Physiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Anne Houdusse
- Structural Motility, Institut Curie, Paris Sciences & Lettres Research University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR144, Paris, France
| | - Michael S Marks
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA.,Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Physiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Graça Raposo
- Structure and Membrane Compartments, Institut Curie, Paris Sciences & Lettres Research University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR144, Paris, France.,Cell and Tissue Imaging Facility, Institut Curie, Paris Sciences & Lettres Research University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR144, Paris, France
| | - Cédric Delevoye
- Structure and Membrane Compartments, Institut Curie, Paris Sciences & Lettres Research University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR144, Paris, France .,Cell and Tissue Imaging Facility, Institut Curie, Paris Sciences & Lettres Research University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR144, Paris, France
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43
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Ritt M, Sivaramakrishnan S. Engaging myosin VI tunes motility, morphology and identity in endocytosis. Traffic 2018; 19:10.1111/tra.12583. [PMID: 29869361 PMCID: PMC6437008 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Revised: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
While unconventional myosins interact with different stages of the endocytic pathway, they are ascribed a transport function that is secondary to the protein complexes that control organelle identity. Endosomes are subject to a dynamic, continuous flux of proteins that control their characteristic properties, including their motility within the cell. Efforts to describe the changes in identity of this compartment have largely focused on the adaptors present on the compartment and not on the motile properties of the compartment itself. In this study, we use a combination of optogenetic and chemical-dimerization strategies to target exogenous myosin VI to early endosomes, and probe its influence on organelle motility, morphology and identity. Our analysis across timescales suggests a model wherein the artificial engagement of myosin VI motility on early endosomes restricts microtubule-based motion, followed by morphological changes characterized by the rapid condensation and disintegration of organelles, ultimately leading to the enhanced overlap of markers that demarcate endosomal compartments. Together, our findings show that synthetic engagement of myosin VI motility is sufficient to alter organelle homeostasis in the endocytic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Ritt
- Department of Genetics, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Sivaraj Sivaramakrishnan
- Department of Genetics, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
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44
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Ryan TA, Tumbarello DA. Optineurin: A Coordinator of Membrane-Associated Cargo Trafficking and Autophagy. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1024. [PMID: 29867991 PMCID: PMC5962687 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Optineurin is a multifunctional adaptor protein intimately involved in various vesicular trafficking pathways. Through interactions with an array of proteins, such as myosin VI, huntingtin, Rab8, and Tank-binding kinase 1, as well as via its oligomerisation, optineurin has the ability to act as an adaptor, scaffold, or signal regulator to coordinate many cellular processes associated with the trafficking of membrane-delivered cargo. Due to its diverse interactions and its distinct functions, optineurin is an essential component in a number of homeostatic pathways, such as protein trafficking and organelle maintenance. Through the binding of polyubiquitinated cargoes via its ubiquitin-binding domain, optineurin also serves as a selective autophagic receptor for the removal of a wide range of substrates. Alternatively, it can act in an ubiquitin-independent manner to mediate the clearance of protein aggregates. Regarding its disease associations, mutations in the optineurin gene are associated with glaucoma and have more recently been found to correlate with Paget’s disease of bone and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Indeed, ALS-associated mutations in optineurin result in defects in neuronal vesicular localisation, autophagosome–lysosome fusion, and secretory pathway function. More recent molecular and functional analysis has shown that it also plays a role in mitophagy, thus linking it to a number of other neurodegenerative conditions, such as Parkinson’s. Here, we review the role of optineurin in intracellular membrane trafficking, with a focus on autophagy, and describe how upstream signalling cascades are critical to its regulation. Current data and contradicting reports would suggest that optineurin is an important and selective autophagy receptor under specific conditions, whereby interplay, synergy, and functional redundancy with other receptors occurs. We will also discuss how dysfunction in optineurin-mediated pathways may lead to perturbation of critical cellular processes, which can drive the pathologies of number of diseases. Therefore, further understanding of optineurin function, its target specificity, and its mechanism of action will be critical in fully delineating its role in human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas A Ryan
- Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - David A Tumbarello
- Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
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45
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Local actin polymerization during endocytic carrier formation. Biochem Soc Trans 2018; 46:565-576. [DOI: 10.1042/bst20170355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Revised: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular macromolecules, pathogens and cell surface proteins rely on endocytosis to enter cells. Key steps of endocytic carrier formation are cargo molecule selection, plasma membrane folding and detachment from the cell surface. While dedicated proteins mediate each step, the actin cytoskeleton contributes to all. However, its role can be indirect to the actual molecular events driving endocytosis. Here, we review our understanding of the molecular steps mediating local actin polymerization during the formation of endocytic carriers. Clathrin-mediated endocytosis is the least reliant on local actin polymerization, as it is only engaged to counter forces induced by membrane tension or cytoplasmic pressure. Two opposite situations are coated pit formation in yeast and at the basolateral surface of polarized mammalian cells which are, respectively, dependent and independent on actin polymerization. Conversely, clathrin-independent endocytosis forming both nanometer [CLIC (clathrin-independent carriers)/GEEC (glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored protein enriched endocytic compartments), caveolae, FEME (fast endophilin-mediated endocytosis) and IL-2β (interleukin-2β) uptake] and micrometer carriers (macropinocytosis) are dependent on actin polymerization to power local membrane deformation and carrier budding. A variety of endocytic adaptors can recruit and activate the Cdc42/N-WASP or Rac1/WAVE complexes, which, in turn, engage the Arp2/3 complex, thereby mediating local actin polymerization at the membrane. However, the molecular steps for RhoA and formin-mediated actin bundling during endocytic pit formation remain unclear.
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46
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Bencze J, Mórotz GM, Seo W, Bencs V, Kálmán J, Miller CCJ, Hortobágyi T. Biological function of Lemur tyrosine kinase 2 (LMTK2): implications in neurodegeneration. Mol Brain 2018; 11:20. [PMID: 29631601 PMCID: PMC5891947 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-018-0363-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders are frequent, incurable diseases characterised by abnormal protein accumulation and progressive neuronal loss. Despite their growing prevalence, the underlying pathomechanism remains unclear. Lemur tyrosine kinase 2 (LMTK2) is a member of a transmembrane serine/threonine-protein kinase family. Although it was described more than a decade ago, our knowledge on LMTK2’s biological functions is still insufficient. Recent evidence has suggested that LMTK2 is implicated in neurodegeneration. After reviewing the literature, we identified three LMTK2-mediated mechanisms which may contribute to neurodegenerative processes: disrupted axonal transport, tau hyperphosphorylation and enhanced apoptosis. Moreover, LMTK2 gene expression is decreased in an Alzheimer’s disease mouse model. According to these features, LMTK2 might be a promising therapeutic target in near future. However, further investigations are required to clarify the exact biological functions of this unique protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- János Bencze
- Division of Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98., Debrecen, H-4032, Hungary
| | - Gábor Miklós Mórotz
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Woosung Seo
- Division of Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98., Debrecen, H-4032, Hungary
| | - Viktor Bencs
- Division of Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98., Debrecen, H-4032, Hungary
| | - János Kálmán
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Christopher Charles John Miller
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Tibor Hortobágyi
- Division of Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98., Debrecen, H-4032, Hungary. .,MTA-DE Cerebrovascular and Neurodegenerative Research Group, Debrecen, Hungary. .,Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary. .,Department of Old Age Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
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O'Loughlin T, Masters TA, Buss F. The MYO6 interactome reveals adaptor complexes coordinating early endosome and cytoskeletal dynamics. EMBO Rep 2018; 19:e44884. [PMID: 29467281 PMCID: PMC5891429 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201744884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Revised: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The intracellular functions of myosin motors requires a number of adaptor molecules, which control cargo attachment, but also fine-tune motor activity in time and space. These motor-adaptor-cargo interactions are often weak, transient or highly regulated. To overcome these problems, we use a proximity labelling-based proteomics strategy to map the interactome of the unique minus end-directed actin motor MYO6. Detailed biochemical and functional analysis identified several distinct MYO6-adaptor modules including two complexes containing RhoGEFs: the LIFT (LARG-Induced F-actin for Tethering) complex that controls endosome positioning and motility through RHO-driven actin polymerisation; and the DISP (DOCK7-Induced Septin disPlacement) complex, a novel regulator of the septin cytoskeleton. These complexes emphasise the role of MYO6 in coordinating endosome dynamics and cytoskeletal architecture. This study provides the first in vivo interactome of a myosin motor protein and highlights the power of this approach in uncovering dynamic and functionally diverse myosin motor complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas O'Loughlin
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Wellcome Trust/MRC Building, Cambridge, UK
| | - Thomas A Masters
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Wellcome Trust/MRC Building, Cambridge, UK
| | - Folma Buss
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Wellcome Trust/MRC Building, Cambridge, UK
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Masters TA, Tumbarello DA, Chibalina MV, Buss F. MYO6 Regulates Spatial Organization of Signaling Endosomes Driving AKT Activation and Actin Dynamics. Cell Rep 2018; 19:2088-2101. [PMID: 28591580 PMCID: PMC5469940 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.05.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Revised: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
APPL1- and RAB5-positive signaling endosomes play a crucial role in the activation of AKT in response to extracellular stimuli. Myosin VI (MYO6) and two of its cargo adaptor proteins, GIPC and TOM1/TOM1L2, localize to these peripheral endosomes and mediate endosome association with cortical actin filaments. Loss of MYO6 leads to the displacement of these endosomes from the cell cortex and accumulation in the perinuclear space. Depletion of this myosin not only affects endosome positioning, but also induces actin and lipid remodeling consistent with endosome maturation, including accumulation of F-actin and the endosomal lipid PI(3)P. These processes acutely perturb endosome function, as both AKT phosphorylation and RAC-dependent membrane ruffling were markedly reduced by depletion of either APPL1 or MYO6. These results place MYO6 and its binding partners at a central nexus in cellular signaling linking actin dynamics at the cell surface and endosomal signaling in the cell cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas A Masters
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Wellcome Trust/MRC Building, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - David A Tumbarello
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Wellcome Trust/MRC Building, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Margarita V Chibalina
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Wellcome Trust/MRC Building, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Folma Buss
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Wellcome Trust/MRC Building, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK.
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Li YR, Yang WX. Myosins as fundamental components during tumorigenesis: diverse and indispensable. Oncotarget 2018; 7:46785-46812. [PMID: 27121062 PMCID: PMC5216836 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Myosin is a kind of actin-based motor protein. As the crucial functions of myosin during tumorigenesis have become increasingly apparent, the profile of myosin in the field of cancer research has also been growing. Eighteen distinct classes of myosins have been discovered in the past twenty years and constitute a diverse superfamily. Various myosins share similar structures. They all convert energy from ATP hydrolysis to exert mechanical stress upon interactions with microfilaments. Ongoing research is increasingly suggesting that at least seven kinds of myosins participate in the formation and development of cancer. Myosins play essential roles in cytokinesis failure, chromosomal and centrosomal amplification, multipolar spindle formation and DNA microsatellite instability. These are all prerequisites of tumor formation. Subsequently, myosins activate various processes of tumor invasion and metastasis development including cell migration, adhesion, protrusion formation, loss of cell polarity and suppression of apoptosis. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the roles of myosins during tumorigenesis and discuss the factors and mechanisms which may regulate myosins in tumor progression. Furthermore, we put forward a completely new concept of “chromomyosin” to demonstrate the pivotal functions of myosins during karyokinesis and how this acts to optimize the functions of the members of the myosin superfamily.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Ruide Li
- The Sperm Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wan-Xi Yang
- The Sperm Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Kruppa AJ, Kishi-Itakura C, Masters TA, Rorbach JE, Grice GL, Kendrick-Jones J, Nathan JA, Minczuk M, Buss F. Myosin VI-Dependent Actin Cages Encapsulate Parkin-Positive Damaged Mitochondria. Dev Cell 2018; 44:484-499.e6. [PMID: 29398621 PMCID: PMC5932465 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2018.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Revised: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial quality control is essential to maintain cellular homeostasis and is achieved by removing damaged, ubiquitinated mitochondria via Parkin-mediated mitophagy. Here, we demonstrate that MYO6 (myosin VI), a unique myosin that moves toward the minus end of actin filaments, forms a complex with Parkin and is selectively recruited to damaged mitochondria via its ubiquitin-binding domain. This myosin motor initiates the assembly of F-actin cages to encapsulate damaged mitochondria by forming a physical barrier that prevents refusion with neighboring populations. Loss of MYO6 results in an accumulation of mitophagosomes and an increase in mitochondrial mass. In addition, we observe downstream mitochondrial dysfunction manifesting as reduced respiratory capacity and decreased ability to rely on oxidative phosphorylation for energy production. Our work uncovers a crucial step in mitochondrial quality control: the formation of MYO6-dependent actin cages that ensure isolation of damaged mitochondria from the network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonina J Kruppa
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Wellcome Trust/MRC Building, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK.
| | - Chieko Kishi-Itakura
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Wellcome Trust/MRC Building, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Thomas A Masters
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Wellcome Trust/MRC Building, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Joanna E Rorbach
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Wellcome Trust/MRC Building, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Guinevere L Grice
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Wellcome Trust/MRC Building, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK
| | - John Kendrick-Jones
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, UK
| | - James A Nathan
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Wellcome Trust/MRC Building, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Michal Minczuk
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Wellcome Trust/MRC Building, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Folma Buss
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Wellcome Trust/MRC Building, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK.
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