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Da Graça J, Delevoye C, Morel E. Morphodynamical adaptation of the endolysosomal system to stress. FEBS J 2024. [PMID: 38706230 DOI: 10.1111/febs.17154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
In eukaryotes, the spatiotemporal control of endolysosomal organelles is central to the maintenance of homeostasis. By providing an interface between the cytoplasm and external environment, the endolysosomal system is placed at the forefront of the response to a wide range of stresses faced by cells. Endosomes are equipped with a dedicated set of membrane-associated proteins that ensure endosomal functions as well as crosstalk with the secretory or the autophagy pathways. Morphodynamical processes operate through local spatialization of subdomains, enabling specific remodeling and membrane contact capabilities. Consequently, the plasticity of endolysosomal organelles can be considered a robust and flexible tool exploited by cells to cope with homeostatic deviations. In this review, we provide insights into how the cellular responses to various stresses (osmotic, UV, nutrient deprivation, or pathogen infections) rely on the adaptation of the endolysosomal system morphodynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliane Da Graça
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM UMR-S1151, CNRS UMR-S8253, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, France
| | - Cédric Delevoye
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM UMR-S1151, CNRS UMR-S8253, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, France
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR144, Structure and Membrane Compartments, Paris, France
| | - Etienne Morel
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM UMR-S1151, CNRS UMR-S8253, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, France
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2
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Prospéri MT, Giordano C, Gomez-Duro M, Hurbain I, Macé AS, Raposo G, D’Angelo G. Extracellular vesicles released by keratinocytes regulate melanosome maturation, melanocyte dendricity, and pigment transfer. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2321323121. [PMID: 38607931 PMCID: PMC11032449 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2321323121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) facilitate the transfer of proteins, lipids, and genetic material between cells and are recognized as an additional mechanism for sustaining intercellular communication. In the epidermis, the communication between melanocytes and keratinocytes is tightly regulated to warrant skin pigmentation. Melanocytes synthesize the melanin pigment in melanosomes that are transported along the dendrites prior to the transfer of melanin pigment to keratinocytes. EVs secreted by keratinocytes modulate pigmentation in melanocytes [(A. Lo Cicero et al., Nat. Commun. 6, 7506 (2015)]. However, whether EVs secreted by keratinocytes contribute to additional processes essential for melanocyte functions remains elusive. Here, we show that keratinocyte EVs enhance the ability of melanocytes to generate dendrites and mature melanosomes and promote their efficient transfer. Further, keratinocyte EVs carrying Rac1 induce important morphological changes, promote dendrite outgrowth, and potentiate melanin transfer to keratinocytes. Hence, in addition to modulating pigmentation, keratinocytes exploit EVs to control melanocyte plasticity and transfer capacity. These data demonstrate that keratinocyte-derived EVs, by regulating melanocyte functions, are major contributors to cutaneous pigmentation and expand our understanding of the mechanism underlying skin pigmentation via a paracrine EV-mediated communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Thérèse Prospéri
- Institut Curie, Paris Sciences & Letters Research University, CNRS, UMR144, Structure and Membrane Compartments, Paris Cedex 0575248, France
| | - Cécile Giordano
- Institut Curie, Paris Sciences & Letters Research University, CNRS, UMR144, Structure and Membrane Compartments, Paris Cedex 0575248, France
| | - Mireia Gomez-Duro
- Institut Curie, Paris Sciences & Letters Research University, CNRS, UMR144, Structure and Membrane Compartments, Paris Cedex 0575248, France
| | - Ilse Hurbain
- Institut Curie, Paris Sciences & Letters Research University, CNRS, UMR144, Structure and Membrane Compartments, Paris Cedex 0575248, France
- Institut Curie, Paris Sciences & Letters Research University, CNRS, UMR144, Cell and Tissue Imaging Facility (The Cell and Tissue Imaging Platform (PICT-IBiSA)), Paris Cedex 0575248, France
| | - Anne-Sophie Macé
- Institut Curie, Paris Sciences & Letters Research University, CNRS, UMR144, Structure and Membrane Compartments, Paris Cedex 0575248, France
- Institut Curie, Paris Sciences & Letters Research University, CNRS, UMR144, Cell and Tissue Imaging Facility (The Cell and Tissue Imaging Platform (PICT-IBiSA)), Paris Cedex 0575248, France
| | - Graça Raposo
- Institut Curie, Paris Sciences & Letters Research University, CNRS, UMR144, Structure and Membrane Compartments, Paris Cedex 0575248, France
- Institut Curie, Paris Sciences & Letters Research University, CNRS, UMR144, Cell and Tissue Imaging Facility (The Cell and Tissue Imaging Platform (PICT-IBiSA)), Paris Cedex 0575248, France
| | - Gisela D’Angelo
- Institut Curie, Paris Sciences & Letters Research University, CNRS, UMR144, Structure and Membrane Compartments, Paris Cedex 0575248, France
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3
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Canon L, Kikuti C, Planelles-Herrero VJ, Lin T, Mayeux F, Sirkia H, Lee YI, Heidsieck L, Velikovsky L, David A, Liu X, Moussaoui D, Forest E, Höök P, Petersen KJ, Morgan TE, Di Cicco A, Sirés-Campos J, Derivery E, Lévy D, Delevoye C, Sweeney HL, Houdusse A. How myosin VI traps its off-state, is activated and dimerizes. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6732. [PMID: 37872146 PMCID: PMC10593786 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42376-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Myosin VI (Myo6) is the only minus-end directed nanomotor on actin, allowing it to uniquely contribute to numerous cellular functions. As for other nanomotors, the proper functioning of Myo6 relies on precise spatiotemporal control of motor activity via a poorly defined off-state and interactions with partners. Our structural, functional, and cellular studies reveal key features of myosin regulation and indicate that not all partners can activate Myo6. TOM1 and Dab2 cannot bind the off-state, while GIPC1 binds Myo6, releases its auto-inhibition and triggers proximal dimerization. Myo6 partners thus differentially recruit Myo6. We solved a crystal structure of the proximal dimerization domain, and show that its disruption compromises endocytosis in HeLa cells, emphasizing the importance of Myo6 dimerization. Finally, we show that the L926Q deafness mutation disrupts Myo6 auto-inhibition and indirectly impairs proximal dimerization. Our study thus demonstrates the importance of partners in the control of Myo6 auto-inhibition, localization, and activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Canon
- Structural Motility, UMR 144 CNRS/Curie Institute, PSL Research University, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75258, Paris cedex 05, France
| | - Carlos Kikuti
- Structural Motility, UMR 144 CNRS/Curie Institute, PSL Research University, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75258, Paris cedex 05, France
| | - Vicente J Planelles-Herrero
- Structural Motility, UMR 144 CNRS/Curie Institute, PSL Research University, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75258, Paris cedex 05, France
| | - Tianming Lin
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics and the Myology Institute, University of Florida College of Medicine, PO Box 100267, Gainesville, Florida, 32610-0267, USA
| | - Franck Mayeux
- Structural Motility, UMR 144 CNRS/Curie Institute, PSL Research University, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75258, Paris cedex 05, France
| | - Helena Sirkia
- Structural Motility, UMR 144 CNRS/Curie Institute, PSL Research University, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75258, Paris cedex 05, France
| | - Young Il Lee
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics and the Myology Institute, University of Florida College of Medicine, PO Box 100267, Gainesville, Florida, 32610-0267, USA
| | - Leila Heidsieck
- Structural Motility, UMR 144 CNRS/Curie Institute, PSL Research University, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75258, Paris cedex 05, France
| | - Léonid Velikovsky
- Structural Motility, UMR 144 CNRS/Curie Institute, PSL Research University, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75258, Paris cedex 05, France
| | - Amandine David
- Structural Motility, UMR 144 CNRS/Curie Institute, PSL Research University, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75258, Paris cedex 05, France
| | - Xiaoyan Liu
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics and the Myology Institute, University of Florida College of Medicine, PO Box 100267, Gainesville, Florida, 32610-0267, USA
| | - Dihia Moussaoui
- Structural Motility, UMR 144 CNRS/Curie Institute, PSL Research University, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75258, Paris cedex 05, France
| | - Emma Forest
- Structural Motility, UMR 144 CNRS/Curie Institute, PSL Research University, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75258, Paris cedex 05, France
- École Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier, 240 Avenue du Professeur Emile Jeanbrau, 34090, Montpellier, France
| | - Peter Höök
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics and the Myology Institute, University of Florida College of Medicine, PO Box 100267, Gainesville, Florida, 32610-0267, USA
| | - Karl J Petersen
- Structural Motility, UMR 144 CNRS/Curie Institute, PSL Research University, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75258, Paris cedex 05, France
| | | | - Aurélie Di Cicco
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR168, Laboratoire Physico-Chimie Curie, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Julia Sirés-Campos
- Structure et Compartimentation Membranaire, UMR 144 CNRS/Curie Institute, PSL Research University, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75258, Paris cedex 05, France
| | | | - Daniel Lévy
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR168, Laboratoire Physico-Chimie Curie, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Cédric Delevoye
- Structure et Compartimentation Membranaire, UMR 144 CNRS/Curie Institute, PSL Research University, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75258, Paris cedex 05, France
| | - H Lee Sweeney
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics and the Myology Institute, University of Florida College of Medicine, PO Box 100267, Gainesville, Florida, 32610-0267, USA.
| | - Anne Houdusse
- Structural Motility, UMR 144 CNRS/Curie Institute, PSL Research University, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75258, Paris cedex 05, France.
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4
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Tan LX, Germer CJ, Thamban T, La Cunza N, Lakkaraju A. Optineurin tunes outside-in signaling to regulate lysosome biogenesis and phagocytic clearance in the retina. Curr Biol 2023; 33:3805-3820.e7. [PMID: 37586372 PMCID: PMC10529777 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2023.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Balancing the competing demands of phagolysosomal degradation and autophagy is a significant challenge for phagocytic tissues. Yet how this plasticity is accomplished in health and disease is poorly understood. In the retina, circadian phagocytosis and degradation of photoreceptor outer segments by the postmitotic retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) are essential for healthy vision. Disrupted autophagy due to mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) overactivation in the RPE is associated with blinding macular degenerations; however, outer segment degradation is unaffected in these diseases, indicating that distinct mechanisms regulate these clearance mechanisms. Here, using advanced imaging and mouse models, we identify optineurin as a key regulator that tunes phagocytosis and lysosomal capacity to meet circadian demands and helps prioritize outer segment clearance by the RPE in macular degenerations. High-resolution live-cell imaging implicates optineurin in scissioning outer segment tips prior to engulfment, analogous to microglial trogocytosis of neuronal processes. Optineurin is essential for recruiting light chain 3 (LC3), which anchors outer segment phagosomes to microtubules and facilitates phagosome maturation and fusion with lysosomes. This dynamically activates transcription factor EB (TFEB) to induce lysosome biogenesis in an mTOR-independent, transient receptor potential-mucolipin 1 (TRPML1)-dependent manner. RNA-seq analyses show that expression of TFEB target genes temporally tracks with optineurin recruitment and that lysosomal and autophagy genes are controlled by distinct transcriptional programs in the RPE. The unconventional plasma membrane-to-nucleus signaling mediated by optineurin ensures outer segment degradation under conditions of impaired autophagy in macular degeneration models. Independent regulation of these critical clearance mechanisms would help safeguard the metabolic fitness of the RPE throughout the organismal lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Xuan Tan
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Colin J Germer
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Pharmaceutical Sciences and Pharmacogenomics Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Thushara Thamban
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Nilsa La Cunza
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Pharmaceutical Sciences and Pharmacogenomics Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Aparna Lakkaraju
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Pharmaceutical Sciences and Pharmacogenomics Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
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5
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Serra-Vinardell J, Sandler MB, De Pace R, Manzella-Lapeira J, Cougnoux A, Keyvanfar K, Introne WJ, Brzostowski JA, Ward ME, Gahl WA, Sharma P, Malicdan MCV. LYST deficiency impairs autophagic lysosome reformation in neurons and alters lysosome number and size. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:53. [PMID: 36707427 PMCID: PMC11072721 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-04695-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Chediak-Higashi syndrome (CHS) is a rare, autosomal recessive disorder caused by biallelic mutations in the lysosomal trafficking regulator (LYST) gene. Even though enlarged lysosomes and/or lysosome-related organelles (LROs) are the typical cellular hallmarks of CHS, they have not been investigated in human neuronal models. Moreover, how and why the loss of LYST function causes a lysosome phenotype in cells has not been elucidated. We report that the LYST-deficient human neuronal model exhibits lysosome depletion accompanied by hyperelongated tubules extruding from enlarged autolysosomes. These results have also been recapitulated in neurons differentiated from CHS patients' induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), validating our model system. We propose that LYST ensures the correct fission/scission of the autolysosome tubules during autophagic lysosome reformation (ALR), a crucial process to restore the number of free lysosomes after autophagy. We further demonstrate that LYST is recruited to the lysosome membrane, likely to facilitate the fission of autolysosome tubules. Together, our results highlight the key role of LYST in maintaining lysosomal homeostasis following autophagy and suggest that ALR dysregulation is likely associated with the neurodegenerative CHS phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Serra-Vinardell
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| | - Maxwell B Sandler
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Raffaella De Pace
- Neurosciences and Cellular and Structural Biology Division, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Javier Manzella-Lapeira
- Twinbrook Imaging Facility, Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Antony Cougnoux
- Division of Translational Medicine, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Keyvan Keyvanfar
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Flow Cytometry Facility, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Wendy J Introne
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Joseph A Brzostowski
- Twinbrook Imaging Facility, Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Michael E Ward
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - William A Gahl
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
- Undiagnosed Diseases Program, National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Common Fund, Office of the Director, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Prashant Sharma
- Undiagnosed Diseases Program, National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Common Fund, Office of the Director, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| | - May Christine V Malicdan
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
- Undiagnosed Diseases Program, National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Common Fund, Office of the Director, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
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6
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Okada T, Iwayama T, Ogura T, Murakami S, Ogura T. Structural analysis of melanosomes in living mammalian cells using scanning electron-assisted dielectric microscopy with deep neural network. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2022; 21:506-518. [PMID: 36618988 PMCID: PMC9807747 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2022.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanins are the main pigments found in mammals. Their synthesis and transfer to keratinocytes have been widely investigated for many years. However, analysis has been mainly carried out using fixed rather than live cells. In this study, we have analysed the melanosomes in living mammalian cells using newly developed scanning electron-assisted dielectric microscopy (SE-ADM). The melanosomes in human melanoma MNT-1 cells were observed as clear black particles in SE-ADM. The main structure of melanosomes was toroidal while that of normal melanocytes was ellipsoidal. In tyrosinase knockout MNT-1 cells, not only the black particles in the SE-ADM images but also the Raman shift of melanin peaks completely disappeared suggesting that the black particles were really melanosomes. We developed a deep neural network (DNN) system to automatically detect melanosomes in cells and analysed their diameter and roundness. In terms of melanosome morphology, the diameter of melanosomes in melanoma cells did not change while that in normal melanocytes increased during culture. The established DNN analysis system with SE-ADM can be used for other particles, e.g. exosomes, lysosomes, and other biological particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Okada
- Health and Medical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 6, Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8566, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Iwayama
- Department of Periodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Taku Ogura
- Chemical Business Unit, Nikko Chemicals Co., Ltd., Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 174-0046, Japan
| | - Shinya Murakami
- Department of Periodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Ogura
- Health and Medical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 6, Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8566, Japan,Correspondence to: Health and Medical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Higashi 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8566, Japan.
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7
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Jani RA, Di Cicco A, Keren-Kaplan T, Vale-Costa S, Hamaoui D, Hurbain I, Tsai FC, Di Marco M, Macé AS, Zhu Y, Amorim MJ, Bassereau P, Bonifacino JS, Subtil A, Marks MS, Lévy D, Raposo G, Delevoye C. PI4P and BLOC-1 remodel endosomal membranes into tubules. J Biophys Biochem Cytol 2022; 221:213508. [PMID: 36169638 PMCID: PMC9524204 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202110132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracellular trafficking is mediated by transport carriers that originate by membrane remodeling from donor organelles. Tubular carriers contribute to the flux of membrane lipids and proteins to acceptor organelles, but how lipids and proteins impose a tubular geometry on the carriers is incompletely understood. Using imaging approaches on cells and in vitro membrane systems, we show that phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate (PI4P) and biogenesis of lysosome-related organelles complex 1 (BLOC-1) govern the formation, stability, and functions of recycling endosomal tubules. In vitro, BLOC-1 binds and tubulates negatively charged membranes, including those containing PI4P. In cells, endosomal PI4P production by type II PI4-kinases is needed to form and stabilize BLOC-1-dependent recycling endosomal tubules. Decreased PI4KIIs expression impairs the recycling of endosomal cargoes and the life cycles of intracellular pathogens such as Chlamydia bacteria and influenza virus that exploit the membrane dynamics of recycling endosomes. This study demonstrates how a phospholipid and a protein complex coordinate the remodeling of cellular membranes into functional tubules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riddhi Atul Jani
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, CNRS, UMR144, Structure and Membrane Compartments, Paris, France
| | - Aurélie Di Cicco
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR168, Laboratoire Physico-Chimie Curie, Paris, France.,Institut Curie, Université PSL, CNRS, UMR144, Cell and Tissue Imaging Facility (PICT-IBiSA), Paris, France
| | - Tal Keren-Kaplan
- Neurosciences and Cellular and Structural Biology Division, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Silvia Vale-Costa
- Cell Biology of Viral Infection Lab, Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Daniel Hamaoui
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3691, Cellular biology of microbial infection, Paris, France
| | - Ilse Hurbain
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, CNRS, UMR144, Structure and Membrane Compartments, Paris, France.,Institut Curie, Université PSL, CNRS, UMR144, Cell and Tissue Imaging Facility (PICT-IBiSA), Paris, France
| | - Feng-Ching Tsai
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR168, Laboratoire Physico-Chimie Curie, Paris, France
| | - Mathilde Di Marco
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, CNRS, UMR144, Structure and Membrane Compartments, Paris, France
| | - Anne-Sophie Macé
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, CNRS, UMR144, Cell and Tissue Imaging Facility (PICT-IBiSA), Paris, France
| | - Yueyao Zhu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA.,Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Maria João Amorim
- Cell Biology of Viral Infection Lab, Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, Portugal.,Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Católica Medical School, Católica Biomedical Research Centre, Palma de Cima, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Patricia Bassereau
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR168, Laboratoire Physico-Chimie Curie, Paris, France
| | - Juan S Bonifacino
- Neurosciences and Cellular and Structural Biology Division, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Agathe Subtil
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3691, Cellular biology of microbial infection, Paris, France
| | - Michael S Marks
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.,Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Daniel Lévy
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR168, Laboratoire Physico-Chimie Curie, Paris, France.,Institut Curie, Université PSL, CNRS, UMR144, Cell and Tissue Imaging Facility (PICT-IBiSA), Paris, France
| | - Graça Raposo
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, CNRS, UMR144, Structure and Membrane Compartments, Paris, France.,Institut Curie, Université PSL, CNRS, UMR144, Cell and Tissue Imaging Facility (PICT-IBiSA), Paris, France
| | - Cédric Delevoye
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, CNRS, UMR144, Structure and Membrane Compartments, Paris, France.,Institut Curie, Université PSL, CNRS, UMR144, Cell and Tissue Imaging Facility (PICT-IBiSA), Paris, France
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8
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Abstract
Lysosomes mediate hydrolase-catalyzed macromolecule degradation to produce building block catabolites for reuse. Lysosome function requires an osmo-sensing machinery that regulates osmolytes (ions and organic solutes) and water flux. During hypoosmotic stress or when undigested materials accumulate, lysosomes become swollen and hypo-functional. As a membranous organelle filled with cargo macromolecules, catabolites, ions, and hydrolases, the lysosome must have mechanisms that regulate its shape and size while coordinating content exchange. In this review, we discussed the mechanisms that regulate lysosomal fusion and fission as well as swelling and condensation, with a focus on solute and water transport mechanisms across lysosomal membranes. Lysosomal H+, Na+, K+, Ca2+, and Cl- channels and transporters sense trafficking and osmotic cues to regulate both solute flux and membrane trafficking. We also provide perspectives on how lysosomes may adjust the volume of themselves, the cytosol, and the cytoplasm through the control of lysosomal solute and water transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiqin Hu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI.,Liangzhu Laboratory & Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, China
| | - Nan Zhou
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI.,Liangzhu Laboratory & Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weijie Cai
- Liangzhu Laboratory & Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haoxing Xu
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI.,Liangzhu Laboratory & Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University Medical School, Hangzhou, China
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9
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Cada AK, Pavlin MR, Castillo JP, Tong AB, Larsen KP, Ren X, Yokom AL, Tsai FC, Shiah JV, Bassereau PM, Bustamante CJ, Hurley JH. Friction-driven membrane scission by the human ESCRT-III proteins CHMP1B and IST1. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2204536119. [PMID: 35858336 PMCID: PMC9303997 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2204536119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The endosomal sorting complexes required for transport (ESCRT) system is an ancient and ubiquitous membrane scission machinery that catalyzes the budding and scission of membranes. ESCRT-mediated scission events, exemplified by those involved in the budding of HIV-1, are usually directed away from the cytosol ("reverse topology"), but they can also be directed toward the cytosol ("normal topology"). The ESCRT-III subunits CHMP1B and IST1 can coat and constrict positively curved membrane tubes, suggesting that these subunits could catalyze normal topology membrane severing. CHMP1B and IST1 bind and recruit the microtubule-severing AAA+ ATPase spastin, a close relative of VPS4, suggesting that spastin could have a VPS4-like role in normal-topology membrane scission. Here, we reconstituted the process in vitro using membrane nanotubes pulled from giant unilamellar vesicles using an optical trap in order to determine whether CHMP1B and IST1 are capable of membrane severing on their own or in concert with VPS4 or spastin. CHMP1B and IST1 copolymerize on membrane nanotubes, forming stable scaffolds that constrict the tubes, but do not, on their own, lead to scission. However, CHMP1B-IST1 scaffolded tubes were severed when an additional extensional force was applied, consistent with a friction-driven scission mechanism. We found that spastin colocalized with CHMP1B-enriched sites but did not disassemble the CHMP1B-IST1 coat from the membrane. VPS4 resolubilized CHMP1B and IST1 without leading to scission. These observations show that the CHMP1B-IST1 ESCRT-III combination is capable of severing membranes by a friction-driven mechanism that is independent of VPS4 and spastin.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. King Cada
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
- California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Mark R. Pavlin
- California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
- Graduate Group in Biophysics, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Juan P. Castillo
- California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Alexander B. Tong
- California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Kevin P. Larsen
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
- California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Xuefeng Ren
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
- California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Adam L. Yokom
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
- California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Feng-Ching Tsai
- Laboratoire Physico-Chimie Curie, Institut Curie, Université Paris Sciences & Letters, CNRS UMR168, Sorbonne Université, Paris, 75005 France
| | - Jamie V. Shiah
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
- California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Patricia M. Bassereau
- Laboratoire Physico-Chimie Curie, Institut Curie, Université Paris Sciences & Letters, CNRS UMR168, Sorbonne Université, Paris, 75005 France
| | - Carlos J. Bustamante
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
- California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
- Graduate Group in Biophysics, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
- Kavli Energy Nanoscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - James H. Hurley
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
- California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
- Graduate Group in Biophysics, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
- Helen Wills Institute of Neuroscience, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
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10
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Heiligenstein X, Lucas MS. One for All, All for One: A Close Look at In-Resin Fluorescence Protocols for CLEM. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:866472. [PMID: 35846358 PMCID: PMC9280628 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.866472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sample preparation is the novel bottleneck for high throughput correlative light and electron microscopy (CLEM). Protocols suitable for both imaging methods must therefore balance the requirements of each technique. For fluorescence light microscopy, a structure of interest can be targeted using: 1) staining, which is often structure or tissue specific rather than protein specific, 2) dye-coupled proteins or antibodies, or 3) genetically encoded fluorescent proteins. Each of these three methods has its own advantages. For ultrastructural investigation by electron microscopy (EM) resin embedding remains a significant sample preparation approach, as it stabilizes the sample such that it withstands the vacuum conditions of the EM, and enables long-term storage. Traditionally, samples are treated with heavy metal salts prior to resin embedding, in order to increase imaging contrast for EM. This is particularly important for volume EM (vEM) techniques. Yet, commonly used contrasting agents (e.g., osmium tetroxide, uranyl acetate) tend to impair fluorescence. The discovery that fluorescence can be preserved in resin-embedded specimens after mild heavy metal staining was a game changer for CLEM. These so-called in-resin fluorescence protocols present a significant leap forward for CLEM approaches towards high precision localization of a fluorescent signal in (volume) EM data. Integrated microscopy approaches, combining LM and EM detection into a single instrument certainly require such an “all in one” sample preparation. Preserving, or adding, dedicated fluorescence prior to resin embedding requires a compromise, which often comes at the expense of EM imaging contrast and membrane visibility. Especially vEM can be strongly hampered by a lack of heavy metal contrasting. This review critically reflects upon the fundamental aspects of resin embedding with regard to 1) specimen fixation and the physics and chemistry underlying the preservation of protein structure with respect to fluorescence and antigenicity, 2) optimization of EM contrast for transmission or scanning EM, and 3) the choice of embedding resin. On this basis, various existing workflows employing in-resin fluorescence are described, highlighting their common features, discussing advantages and disadvantages of the respective approach, and finally concluding with promising future developments for in-resin CLEM.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Miriam S. Lucas
- Scientific Center for Light and Electron Microscopy (ScopeM), ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- *Correspondence: Miriam S. Lucas,
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11
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Abstract
The cytoskeleton is a complex of detergent-insoluble components of the cytoplasm playing critical roles in cell motility, shape generation, and mechanical properties of a cell. Fibrillar polymers-actin filaments, microtubules, and intermediate filaments-are major constituents of the cytoskeleton, which constantly change their organization during cellular activities. The actin cytoskeleton is especially polymorphic, as actin filaments can form multiple higher-order assemblies performing different functions. Structural information about cytoskeleton organization is critical for understanding its functions and mechanisms underlying various forms of cellular activity. Because of the nanometer-scale thickness of cytoskeletal fibers, electron microscopy (EM) is a key tool to determine the structure of the cytoskeleton.This article describes application of rotary shadowing (or platinum replica ) EM (PREM) for visualization of the cytoskeleton . The procedure is applicable to thin cultured cells growing on glass coverslips and consists of detergent extraction (or mechanical "unroofing") of cells to expose their cytoskeleton , chemical fixation to provide stability, ethanol dehydration and critical point drying to preserve three-dimensionality, rotary shadowing with platinum to create contrast, and carbon coating to stabilize replicas. This technique provides easily interpretable three-dimensional images, in which individual cytoskeletal fibers are clearly resolved and individual proteins can be identified by immunogold labeling. More importantly, PREM is easily compatible with live cell imaging, so that one can correlate the dynamics of a cell or its components, e.g., expressed fluorescent proteins, with high-resolution structural organization of the cytoskeleton in the same cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatyana Svitkina
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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12
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Figon F, Hurbain I, Heiligenstein X, Trépout S, Lanoue A, Medjoubi K, Somogyi A, Delevoye C, Raposo G, Casas J. Catabolism of lysosome-related organelles in color-changing spiders supports intracellular turnover of pigments. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2103020118. [PMID: 34433668 PMCID: PMC8536372 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2103020118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Pigment organelles of vertebrates belong to the lysosome-related organelle (LRO) family, of which melanin-producing melanosomes are the prototypes. While their anabolism has been extensively unraveled through the study of melanosomes in skin melanocytes, their catabolism remains poorly known. Here, we tap into the unique ability of crab spiders to reversibly change body coloration to examine the catabolism of their pigment organelles. By combining ultrastructural and metal analyses on high-pressure frozen integuments, we first assess whether pigment organelles of crab spiders belong to the LRO family and second, how their catabolism is intracellularly processed. Using scanning transmission electron microscopy, electron tomography, and nanoscale Synchrotron-based scanning X-ray fluorescence, we show that pigment organelles possess ultrastructural and chemical hallmarks of LROs, including intraluminal vesicles and metal deposits, similar to melanosomes. Monitoring ultrastructural changes during bleaching suggests that the catabolism of pigment organelles involves the degradation and removal of their intraluminal content, possibly through lysosomal mechanisms. In contrast to skin melanosomes, anabolism and catabolism of pigments proceed within the same cell without requiring either cell death or secretion/phagocytosis. Our work hence provides support for the hypothesis that the endolysosomal system is fully functionalized for within-cell turnover of pigments, leading to functional maintenance under adverse conditions and phenotypic plasticity. First formulated for eye melanosomes in the context of human vision, the hypothesis of intracellular turnover of pigments gets unprecedented strong support from pigment organelles of spiders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florent Figon
- Institut de Recherche sur la Biologie de l'Insecte, CNRS UMR 7261, Université de Tours, 37200 Tours, France;
| | - Ilse Hurbain
- Institut Curie, CNRS UMR 144, Structure and Membrane Compartments, Paris Sciences & Lettres (PSL) Research University, 75005 Paris, France
- Institut Curie, CNRS UMR 144, Cell and Tissue Imaging Facility (Plateforme d'Imagerie Cellulaire et Tissulaire, Infrastructures en Biologie, Santé et Agronomie [PICT-IBiSA]), PSL Research University, 75005 Paris, France
| | | | - Sylvain Trépout
- Institut Curie, INSERM U1196, CNRS UMR 9187, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Arnaud Lanoue
- Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, Équipe d'Accueil 2106, Université de Tours, 37200 Tours, France
| | | | | | - Cédric Delevoye
- Institut Curie, CNRS UMR 144, Structure and Membrane Compartments, Paris Sciences & Lettres (PSL) Research University, 75005 Paris, France
- Institut Curie, CNRS UMR 144, Cell and Tissue Imaging Facility (Plateforme d'Imagerie Cellulaire et Tissulaire, Infrastructures en Biologie, Santé et Agronomie [PICT-IBiSA]), PSL Research University, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Graça Raposo
- Institut Curie, CNRS UMR 144, Structure and Membrane Compartments, Paris Sciences & Lettres (PSL) Research University, 75005 Paris, France
- Institut Curie, CNRS UMR 144, Cell and Tissue Imaging Facility (Plateforme d'Imagerie Cellulaire et Tissulaire, Infrastructures en Biologie, Santé et Agronomie [PICT-IBiSA]), PSL Research University, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Jérôme Casas
- Institut de Recherche sur la Biologie de l'Insecte, CNRS UMR 7261, Université de Tours, 37200 Tours, France;
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13
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Figon F, Deravi LF, Casas J. Barriers and Promises of the Developing Pigment Organelle Field. Integr Comp Biol 2021; 61:1481-1489. [PMID: 34283212 DOI: 10.1093/icb/icab164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Many colors and patterns in nature are regulated by the packaging and processing of intracellular pigment-containing organelles within cells. Spanning both molecular and tissue-level spatial scales with chemical and physical (structural) elements of coloration, pigment organelles represent an important but largely understudied feature of every biological system capable of coloration. Although vertebrate melanosomes have historically been the best-known and most studied pigment organelle, recent reports suggest a surge in studies focusing on other pigment organelles producing a variety of non-melanic pigments, optic crystals and structural colors through their geometric arrangement. In this issue, we showcase the importance these integrative and comparative studies and discuss their results which aid in our understanding of organelle form and function in their native environment. Specifically, we highlight how pigment organelles can be studied at different scales of organization, across multiple species in biology, and with an interdisciplinary approach to better understand the biological and chemical mechanisms underlying color. This type of comparative approach provides evidence for a common origin and identity of membrane-bound pigment organelles not only in vertebrates, as was originally postulated 40 years ago, but in all animals. This indicates that we have much to gain by studying a variety of pigment organelles, as the specific biological context may provide important and unique insights into various aspects of its life. We conclude by highlighting some barriers to this research and discussing strategies to overcome them through a discussion of future directions for pigment organelle research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florent Figon
- Institut de Recherche sur la Biologie de l'Insecte, UMR 7261, CNRS-Université de Tours, 37200 Tours, France
| | - Leila F Deravi
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jérôme Casas
- Institut de Recherche sur la Biologie de l'Insecte, UMR 7261, CNRS-Université de Tours, 37200 Tours, France
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14
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Lancaster CE, Fountain A, Dayam RM, Somerville E, Sheth J, Jacobelli V, Somerville A, Terebiznik MR, Botelho RJ. Phagosome resolution regenerates lysosomes and maintains the degradative capacity in phagocytes. J Cell Biol 2021; 220:212440. [PMID: 34180943 PMCID: PMC8241537 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202005072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Phagocytes engulf unwanted particles into phagosomes that then fuse with lysosomes to degrade the enclosed particles. Ultimately, phagosomes must be recycled to help recover membrane resources that were consumed during phagocytosis and phagosome maturation, a process referred to as “phagosome resolution.” Little is known about phagosome resolution, which may proceed through exocytosis or membrane fission. Here, we show that bacteria-containing phagolysosomes in macrophages undergo fragmentation through vesicle budding, tubulation, and constriction. Phagosome fragmentation requires cargo degradation, the actin and microtubule cytoskeletons, and clathrin. We provide evidence that lysosome reformation occurs during phagosome resolution since the majority of phagosome-derived vesicles displayed lysosomal properties. Importantly, we show that clathrin-dependent phagosome resolution is important to maintain the degradative capacity of macrophages challenged with two waves of phagocytosis. Overall, our work suggests that phagosome resolution contributes to lysosome recovery and to maintaining the degradative power of macrophages to handle multiple waves of phagocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlene E Lancaster
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto at Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Aaron Fountain
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Graduate Program in Molecular Science, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Roaya M Dayam
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Graduate Program in Molecular Science, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Elliott Somerville
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Javal Sheth
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto at Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Vanessa Jacobelli
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alex Somerville
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mauricio R Terebiznik
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto at Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Roberto J Botelho
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Graduate Program in Molecular Science, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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15
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Abstract
Melanins, the main pigments of the skin and hair in mammals, are synthesized within membrane-bound organelles of melanocytes called melanosomes. Melanosome structure and function are determined by a cohort of resident transmembrane proteins, many of which are expressed only in pigment cells, that localize specifically to melanosomes. Defects in the genes that encode melanosome-specific proteins or components of the machinery required for their transport in and out of melanosomes underlie various forms of ocular or oculocutaneous albinism, characterized by hypopigmentation of the hair, skin and eyes and by visual impairment. We review major components of melanosomes, including the enzymes that catalyze steps in melanin synthesis from tyrosine precursors, solute transporters that allow these enzymes to function, and structural proteins that underlie melanosome shape and melanin deposition. We then review the molecular mechanisms by which these components are biosynthetically delivered to newly forming melanosomes-many of which are shared by other cell types that generate cell type-specific lysosome-related organelles. We also highlight unanswered questions that need to be addressed by future investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linh Le
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA USA.,Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine and Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA.,Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Julia Sirés-Campos
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR 144, Structure and Membrane Compartments, Paris, 75005, France
| | - Graça Raposo
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR 144, Structure and Membrane Compartments, Paris, 75005, France
| | - Cédric Delevoye
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR 144, Structure and Membrane Compartments, Paris, 75005, France
| | - Michael S Marks
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA USA.,Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine and Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA
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16
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Allard A, Lopes Dos Santos R, Campillo C. Remodelling of membrane tubules by the actin cytoskeleton. Biol Cell 2021; 113:329-343. [PMID: 33826772 DOI: 10.1111/boc.202000148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Inside living cells, the remodelling of membrane tubules by actomyosin networks is crucial for processes such as intracellular trafficking or organelle reshaping. In this review, we first present various in vivo situations in which actin affects membrane tubule remodelling, then we recall some results on force production by actin dynamics and on membrane tubules physics. Finally, we show that our knowledge of the underlying mechanisms by which actomyosin dynamics affect tubule morphology has recently been moved forward. This is thanks to in vitro experiments that mimic cellular membranes and actin dynamics and allow deciphering the physics of tubule remodelling in biochemically controlled conditions, and shed new light on tubule shape regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Allard
- LAMBE, Université d'Évry, CNRS, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, Évry-Courcouronnes, 91025, France.,Sorbonne Université, UPMC, Paris 06, Paris, France.,Laboratoire Physico Chimie Curie, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR168, Paris, France.,Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | | | - Clément Campillo
- LAMBE, Université d'Évry, CNRS, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, Évry-Courcouronnes, 91025, France
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17
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Bowman SL, Le L, Zhu Y, Harper DC, Sitaram A, Theos AC, Sviderskaya EV, Bennett DC, Raposo-Benedetti G, Owen DJ, Dennis MK, Marks MS. A BLOC-1-AP-3 super-complex sorts a cis-SNARE complex into endosome-derived tubular transport carriers. J Cell Biol 2021; 220:212016. [PMID: 33886957 PMCID: PMC8077166 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202005173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Membrane transport carriers fuse with target membranes through engagement of cognate vSNAREs and tSNAREs on each membrane. How vSNAREs are sorted into transport carriers is incompletely understood. Here we show that VAMP7, the vSNARE for fusing endosome-derived tubular transport carriers with maturing melanosomes in melanocytes, is sorted into transport carriers in complex with the tSNARE component STX13. Sorting requires either recognition of VAMP7 by the AP-3δ subunit of AP-3 or of STX13 by the pallidin subunit of BLOC-1, but not both. Consequently, melanocytes expressing both AP-3δ and pallidin variants that cannot bind their respective SNARE proteins are hypopigmented and fail to sort BLOC-1-dependent cargo, STX13, or VAMP7 into transport carriers. However, SNARE binding does not influence BLOC-1 function in generating tubular transport carriers. These data reveal a novel mechanism of vSNARE sorting by recognition of redundant sorting determinants on a SNARE complex by an AP-3-BLOC-1 super-complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanna L. Bowman
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, PA,Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA,Department of Physiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA,Department of Biology, Linfield University, McMinnville, OR
| | - Linh Le
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, PA,Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA,Department of Physiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA,Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Yueyao Zhu
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, PA,Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA,Department of Physiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA,Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Dawn C. Harper
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, PA,Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA,Department of Physiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Anand Sitaram
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, PA,Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA,Department of Physiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | | | - Elena V. Sviderskaya
- Cell Biology Research Centre, Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George's, University of London, London, UK
| | - Dorothy C. Bennett
- Cell Biology Research Centre, Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George's, University of London, London, UK
| | - Graça Raposo-Benedetti
- Institut Curie, Paris Sciences et Lettres Research University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 144, Compartiments de Structure et de Membrane, Paris, France
| | - David J. Owen
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge, UK
| | - Megan K. Dennis
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, PA,Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA,Department of Physiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA,Department of Biology, Marist College, Poughkeepsie, NY
| | - Michael S. Marks
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, PA,Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA,Department of Physiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA,Correspondence to Michael S. Marks:
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18
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Yan Y, Liu S, Hu C, Xie C, Zhao L, Wang S, Zhang W, Cheng Z, Gao J, Fu X, Yang Z, Wang X, Zhang J, Lin L, Shi A. RTKN-1/Rhotekin shields endosome-associated F-actin from disassembly to ensure endocytic recycling. J Cell Biol 2021; 220:211976. [PMID: 33844824 PMCID: PMC8047894 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202007149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cargo sorting and the subsequent membrane carrier formation require a properly organized endosomal actin network. To better understand the actin dynamics during endocytic recycling, we performed a genetic screen in C. elegans and identified RTKN-1/Rhotekin as a requisite to sustain endosome-associated actin integrity. Loss of RTKN-1 led to a prominent decrease in actin structures and basolateral recycling defects. Furthermore, we showed that the presence of RTKN-1 thwarts the actin disassembly competence of UNC-60A/cofilin. Consistently, in RTKN-1–deficient cells, UNC-60A knockdown replenished actin structures and alleviated the recycling defects. Notably, an intramolecular interaction within RTKN-1 could mediate the formation of oligomers. Overexpression of an RTKN-1 mutant form that lacks self-binding capacity failed to restore actin structures and recycling flow in rtkn-1 mutants. Finally, we demonstrated that SDPN-1/Syndapin acts to direct the recycling endosomal dwelling of RTKN-1 and promotes actin integrity there. Taken together, these findings consolidated the role of SDPN-1 in organizing the endosomal actin network architecture and introduced RTKN-1 as a novel regulatory protein involved in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanling Yan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Shuai Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Can Hu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Chaoyi Xie
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Linyue Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Shimin Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Wenjuan Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zihang Cheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jinghu Gao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xin Fu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zhenrong Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xianghong Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Long Lin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Cell Architecture Research Institute, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Anbing Shi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Cell Architecture Research Institute, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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19
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Aktary Z, Conde-Perez A, Rambow F, Di Marco M, Amblard F, Hurbain I, Raposo G, Delevoye C, Coscoy S, Larue L. A role for Dynlt3 in melanosome movement, distribution, acidity and transfer. Commun Biol 2021; 4:423. [PMID: 33772156 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-01917-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin pigmentation is dependent on cellular processes including melanosome biogenesis, transport, maturation and transfer to keratinocytes. However, how the cells finely control these processes in space and time to ensure proper pigmentation remains unclear. Here, we show that a component of the cytoplasmic dynein complex, Dynlt3, is required for efficient melanosome transport, acidity and transfer. In Mus musculus melanocytes with decreased levels of Dynlt3, pigmented melanosomes undergo a more directional motion, leading to their peripheral location in the cell. Stage IV melanosomes are more acidic, but still heavily pigmented, resulting in a less efficient melanosome transfer. Finally, the level of Dynlt3 is dependent on β-catenin activity, revealing a function of the Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway during melanocyte and skin pigmentation, by coupling the transport, positioning and acidity of melanosomes required for their transfer.
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20
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Yu J, He X, Wei A, Liu T, Zhang Q, Pan Y, Hao Z, Yang L, Yuan Y, Zhang Z, Zhang C, Hao C, Liu Z, Li W. HPS1 Regulates the Maturation of Large Dense Core Vesicles and Lysozyme Secretion in Paneth Cells. Front Immunol 2020; 11:560110. [PMID: 33224134 PMCID: PMC7674556 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.560110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
HPS1, a BLOC-3 subunit that acts as a guanine nucleotide exchange factor of Rab32/38, may play a role in the removal of VAMP7 during the maturation of large dense core vesicles of Paneth cells. Loss of HPS1 impairs lysozyme secretion and alters the composition of intestinal microbiota, which may explain the susceptibility of HPS-associated inflammatory bowel disease. Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome (HPS) is characterized by oculocutaneous albinism, bleeding tendency, and other chronic organ lesions due to defects in tissue-specific lysosome-related organelles (LROs). For some HPS subtypes, such as HPS-1, it is common to have symptoms of HPS-associated inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, its underlying mechanism is largely unknown. HPS1 is a subunit of the BLOC-3 complex which functions in the biogenesis of LROs. Large dense core vesicles (LDCVs) in Paneth cells of the intestine are a type of LROs. We here first report the abnormal LDCV morphology (increased number and enlarged size) in HPS1-deficient pale ear (ep) mice. Similar to its role in melanosome maturation, HPS1 plays an important function in the removal of VAMP7 from LDCVs to promote the maturation of LDCVs. The immature LDCVs in ep mice are defective in regulated secretion of lysozyme, a key anti-microbial peptide in the intestine. We observed changes in the composition of intestinal microbiota in both HPS-1 patients and ep mice. These findings provide insights into the underlying mechanism of HPS-associated IBD development, which may be implicated in possible therapeutic intervention of this devastating condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaying Yu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetics of Birth Defects, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, MOE Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Genetics and Birth Defects Control Center, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xin He
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Aihua Wei
- Department of Dermatology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Teng Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qin Zhang
- Institute for Immunology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Pan
- Institute for Immunology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenhua Hao
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetics of Birth Defects, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, MOE Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Genetics and Birth Defects Control Center, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Yang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yefeng Yuan
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetics of Birth Defects, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, MOE Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Genetics and Birth Defects Control Center, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhao Zhang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chang Zhang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chanjuan Hao
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetics of Birth Defects, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, MOE Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Genetics and Birth Defects Control Center, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhihua Liu
- Institute for Immunology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetics of Birth Defects, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, MOE Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Genetics and Birth Defects Control Center, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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21
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Brawley J, Etter E, Heredia D, Intasiri A, Nennecker K, Smith J, Welcome BM, Brizendine RK, Gould TW, Bell TW, Cremo C. Synthesis and Evaluation of 4-Hydroxycoumarin Imines as Inhibitors of Class II Myosins. J Med Chem 2020; 63:11131-11148. [PMID: 32894018 PMCID: PMC8244571 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Inhibitors of muscle myosin ATPases are needed to treat conditions that could be improved by promoting muscle relaxation. The lead compound for this study ((3-(N-butylethanimidoyl)ethyl)-4-hydroxy-2H-chromen-2-one; BHC) was previously discovered to inhibit skeletal myosin II. BHC and 34 analogues were synthesized to explore structure-activity relationships. The properties of analogues, including solubility, stability, and toxicity, suggest that the BHC scaffold may be useful for developing therapeutics. Inhibition of actin-activated ATPase activity of fast skeletal and cardiac muscle myosin II, inhibition of skeletal muscle contractility ex vivo, and slowing of in vitro actin-sliding velocity were measured. Several analogues with aromatic side arms showed improved potency (half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) <1 μM) and selectivity (≥12-fold) for skeletal myosin versus cardiac myosin compared to BHC. Several analogues blocked neurotransmission, suggesting that they are selective for nonmuscle myosin II over skeletal myosin. Competition and molecular docking studies suggest that BHC and blebbistatin bind to the same site on myosin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jhonnathan Brawley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557-0216, United States
| | - Emily Etter
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine, Reno, Nevada 89557-0318, United States
| | - Dante Heredia
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine, Reno, Nevada 89557-0352, United States
| | - Amarawan Intasiri
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557-0216, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Kyle Nennecker
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine, Reno, Nevada 89557-0318, United States
| | - Joshua Smith
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine, Reno, Nevada 89557-0318, United States
| | - Brandon M Welcome
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine, Reno, Nevada 89557-0318, United States
| | - Richard K Brizendine
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine, Reno, Nevada 89557-0318, United States
| | - Thomas W Gould
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine, Reno, Nevada 89557-0352, United States
| | - Thomas W Bell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557-0216, United States
| | - Christine Cremo
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine, Reno, Nevada 89557-0318, United States
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22
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Pernier J, Morchain A, Caorsi V, Bertin A, Bousquet H, Bassereau P, Coudrier E. Myosin 1b flattens and prunes branched actin filaments. J Cell Sci 2020; 133:jcs247403. [PMID: 32895245 PMCID: PMC7522023 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.247403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Motile and morphological cellular processes require a spatially and temporally coordinated branched actin network that is controlled by the activity of various regulatory proteins, including the Arp2/3 complex, profilin, cofilin and tropomyosin. We have previously reported that myosin 1b regulates the density of the actin network in the growth cone. Here, by performing in vitro F-actin gliding assays and total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) microscopy, we show that this molecular motor flattens (reduces the branch angle) in the Arp2/3-dependent actin branches, resulting in them breaking, and reduces the probability of new branches forming. This experiment reveals that myosin 1b can produce force sufficient enough to break up the Arp2/3-mediated actin junction. Together with the former in vivo studies, this work emphasizes the essential role played by myosins in the architecture and dynamics of actin networks in different cellular regions.This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Pernier
- Laboratoire Physico-Chimie Curie, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR168, 75005 Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, 75005 Paris, France
- Laboratory Cell Biology and Cancer, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, C.N.R.S. UMR 144, 26 rue d'Ulm, Paris, France
| | - Antoine Morchain
- Laboratoire Physico-Chimie Curie, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR168, 75005 Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, 75005 Paris, France
| | | | - Aurélie Bertin
- Laboratoire Physico-Chimie Curie, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR168, 75005 Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Hugo Bousquet
- Sorbonne Université, 75005 Paris, France
- Laboratory Cell Biology and Cancer, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, C.N.R.S. UMR 144, 26 rue d'Ulm, Paris, France
| | - Patricia Bassereau
- Laboratoire Physico-Chimie Curie, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR168, 75005 Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Evelyne Coudrier
- Sorbonne Université, 75005 Paris, France
- Laboratory Cell Biology and Cancer, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, C.N.R.S. UMR 144, 26 rue d'Ulm, Paris, France
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23
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Benito-Martínez S, Zhu Y, Jani RA, Harper DC, Marks MS, Delevoye C. Research Techniques Made Simple: Cell Biology Methods for the Analysis of Pigmentation. J Invest Dermatol 2020; 140:257-268.e8. [PMID: 31980058 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2019.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Pigmentation of the skin and hair represents the result of melanin biosynthesis within melanosomes of epidermal melanocytes, followed by the transfer of mature melanin granules to adjacent keratinocytes within the basal layer of the epidermis. Natural variation in these processes produces the diversity of skin and hair color among human populations, and defects in these processes lead to diseases such as oculocutaneous albinism. While genetic regulators of pigmentation have been well studied in human and animal models, we are still learning much about the cell biological features that regulate melanogenesis, melanosome maturation, and melanosome motility in melanocytes, and have barely scratched the surface in our understanding of melanin transfer from melanocytes to keratinocytes. Herein, we describe cultured cell model systems and common assays that have been used by investigators to dissect these features and that will hopefully lead to additional advances in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Benito-Martínez
- Structure and Membrane Compartments, Institut Curie, Paris Sciences & Lettres Research University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Paris, France
| | - Yueyao Zhu
- Department of Biology Graduate Program, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Riddhi Atul Jani
- Structure and Membrane Compartments, Institut Curie, Paris Sciences & Lettres Research University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Paris, France
| | - Dawn C Harper
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Michael S Marks
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
| | - Cédric Delevoye
- Structure and Membrane Compartments, Institut Curie, Paris Sciences & Lettres Research University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Paris, France.
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24
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Xia S, Lim YB, Zhang Z, Wang Y, Zhang S, Lim CT, Yim EKF, Kanchanawong P. Nanoscale Architecture of the Cortical Actin Cytoskeleton in Embryonic Stem Cells. Cell Rep 2020; 28:1251-1267.e7. [PMID: 31365868 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.06.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanical cues influence pluripotent stem cell differentiation, but the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. Mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) exhibit unusual cytomechanical properties, including low cell stiffness and attenuated responses to substrate rigidity, but the underlying structural basis remains obscure. Using super-resolution microscopy to investigate the actin cytoskeleton in mESCs, we observed that the actin cortex consists of a distinctively sparse and isotropic network. Surprisingly, the architecture and mechanics of the mESC actin cortex appear to be largely myosin II-independent. The network density can be modulated by perturbing Arp2/3 and formin, whereas capping protein (CP) negatively regulates cell stiffness. Transient Arp2/3-containing aster-like structures are implicated in the organization and mechanical homeostasis of the cortical network. By generating a low-density network that physically excludes myosin II, the interplay between Arp2/3, formin, and CP governs the nanoscale architecture of the actin cortex and prescribes the cytomechanical properties of mESCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shumin Xia
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411, Singapore
| | - Ying Bena Lim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411, Singapore
| | - Yilin Wang
- Department of Biology, South University of Science and Technology of China, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Shan Zhang
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117558, Singapore
| | - Chwee Teck Lim
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411, Singapore; Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore; Institute for Health Innovation & Technology (iHealthtech), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
| | - Evelyn K F Yim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Pakorn Kanchanawong
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411, Singapore; Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore.
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25
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Abstract
Intracellular trafficking requires extensive changes in membrane morphology. Cells use several distinct molecular factors and physical cues to remodel membranes. Here, we highlight recent advances in identifying the biophysical mechanisms of membrane curvature generation. In particular, we focus on the cooperation of molecular and physical drivers of membrane bending during three stages of vesiculation: budding, cargo selection, and scission. Taken together, the studies reviewed here emphasize that, rather than a single dominant mechanism, several mechanisms typically work in parallel during each step of membrane remodeling. Important challenges for the future of this field are to understand how multiple mechanisms work together synergistically and how a series of stochastic events can be combined to achieve a deterministic result-assembly of the trafficking vesicle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasey J Day
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, 107 W. Dean Keeton St., C0800, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Jeanne C Stachowiak
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, 107 W. Dean Keeton St., C0800, Austin, TX, 78712, USA; Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Norman Hackerman Building, 100 East 24th St., NHB 4500, Austin, TX, 78712, USA.
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26
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Biber G, Ben-Shmuel A, Sabag B, Barda-Saad M. Actin regulators in cancer progression and metastases: From structure and function to cytoskeletal dynamics. Int Rev Cell Mol Biol 2020; 356:131-196. [PMID: 33066873 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2020.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The cytoskeleton is a central factor contributing to various hallmarks of cancer. In recent years, there has been increasing evidence demonstrating the involvement of actin regulatory proteins in malignancy, and their dysregulation was shown to predict poor clinical prognosis. Although enhanced cytoskeletal activity is often associated with cancer progression, the expression of several inducers of actin polymerization is remarkably reduced in certain malignancies, and it is not completely clear how these changes promote tumorigenesis and metastases. The complexities involved in cytoskeletal induction of cancer progression therefore pose considerable difficulties for therapeutic intervention; it is not always clear which cytoskeletal regulator should be targeted in order to impede cancer progression, and whether this targeting may inadvertently enhance alternative invasive pathways which can aggravate tumor growth. The entire constellation of cytoskeletal machineries in eukaryotic cells are numerous and complex; the system is comprised of and regulated by hundreds of proteins, which could not be covered in a single review. Therefore, we will focus here on the actin cytoskeleton, which encompasses the biological machinery behind most of the key cellular functions altered in cancer, with specific emphasis on actin nucleating factors and nucleation-promoting factors. Finally, we discuss current therapeutic strategies for cancer which aim to target the cytoskeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Biber
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - A Ben-Shmuel
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - B Sabag
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - M Barda-Saad
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel.
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27
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Ganeva I, Kukulski W. Membrane Architecture in the Spotlight of Correlative Microscopy. Trends Cell Biol 2020; 30:577-587. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2020.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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28
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Bowman SL, Bi-Karchin J, Le L, Marks MS. The road to lysosome-related organelles: Insights from Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome and other rare diseases. Traffic 2020; 20:404-435. [PMID: 30945407 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Lysosome-related organelles (LROs) comprise a diverse group of cell type-specific, membrane-bound subcellular organelles that derive at least in part from the endolysosomal system but that have unique contents, morphologies and functions to support specific physiological roles. They include: melanosomes that provide pigment to our eyes and skin; alpha and dense granules in platelets, and lytic granules in cytotoxic T cells and natural killer cells, which release effectors to regulate hemostasis and immunity; and distinct classes of lamellar bodies in lung epithelial cells and keratinocytes that support lung plasticity and skin lubrication. The formation, maturation and/or secretion of subsets of LROs are dysfunctional or entirely absent in a number of hereditary syndromic disorders, including in particular the Hermansky-Pudlak syndromes. This review provides a comprehensive overview of LROs in humans and model organisms and presents our current understanding of how the products of genes that are defective in heritable diseases impact their formation, motility and ultimate secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanna L Bowman
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jing Bi-Karchin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Linh Le
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Michael S Marks
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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29
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Domingues L, Hurbain I, Gilles-Marsens F, Sirés-Campos J, André N, Dewulf M, Romao M, Viaris de Lesegno C, Macé AS, Blouin C, Guéré C, Vié K, Raposo G, Lamaze C, Delevoye C. Coupling of melanocyte signaling and mechanics by caveolae is required for human skin pigmentation. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2988. [PMID: 32532976 PMCID: PMC7293304 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-16738-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue homeostasis requires regulation of cell-cell communication, which relies on signaling molecules and cell contacts. In skin epidermis, keratinocytes secrete factors transduced by melanocytes into signaling cues promoting their pigmentation and dendrite outgrowth, while melanocytes transfer melanin pigments to keratinocytes to convey skin photoprotection. How epidermal cells integrate these functions remains poorly characterized. Here, we show that caveolae are asymmetrically distributed in melanocytes and particularly abundant at the melanocyte-keratinocyte interface in epidermis. Caveolae in melanocytes are modulated by ultraviolet radiations and keratinocytes-released factors, like miRNAs. Preventing caveolae formation in melanocytes increases melanin pigment synthesis through upregulation of cAMP signaling and decreases cell protrusions, cell-cell contacts, pigment transfer and epidermis pigmentation. Altogether, we identify that caveolae serve as molecular hubs that couple signaling outputs from keratinocytes to mechanical plasticity of pigment cells. The coordination of intercellular communication and contacts by caveolae is thus crucial to skin pigmentation and tissue homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lia Domingues
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR144, Structure and Membrane Compartments, 75005, Paris, France.
| | - Ilse Hurbain
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR144, Structure and Membrane Compartments, 75005, Paris, France
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR144, Cell and Tissue Imaging Facility (PICT-IBiSA), 75005, Paris, France
| | - Floriane Gilles-Marsens
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR144, Structure and Membrane Compartments, 75005, Paris, France
- Institut NeuroMyoGene, UCBL1, UMR 5310, INSERM U1217, Génétique et Neurobiologie de C. Elegans, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, 8 Avenue Rockefeller, 69008, Lyon, France
| | - Julia Sirés-Campos
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR144, Structure and Membrane Compartments, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Nathalie André
- Laboratoire Clarins, 5 rue Ampère, 95000, Pontoise, France
| | - Melissa Dewulf
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM U1143, CNRS UMR 3666, Membrane Mechanics and Dynamics of Intracellular Signaling Laboratory, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Maryse Romao
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR144, Structure and Membrane Compartments, 75005, Paris, France
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR144, Cell and Tissue Imaging Facility (PICT-IBiSA), 75005, Paris, France
| | - Christine Viaris de Lesegno
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM U1143, CNRS UMR 3666, Membrane Mechanics and Dynamics of Intracellular Signaling Laboratory, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Anne-Sophie Macé
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR144, Cell and Tissue Imaging Facility (PICT-IBiSA), 75005, Paris, France
| | - Cédric Blouin
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM U1143, CNRS UMR 3666, Membrane Mechanics and Dynamics of Intracellular Signaling Laboratory, 75005, Paris, France
| | | | - Katell Vié
- Laboratoire Clarins, 5 rue Ampère, 95000, Pontoise, France
| | - Graça Raposo
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR144, Structure and Membrane Compartments, 75005, Paris, France
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR144, Cell and Tissue Imaging Facility (PICT-IBiSA), 75005, Paris, France
| | - Christophe Lamaze
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM U1143, CNRS UMR 3666, Membrane Mechanics and Dynamics of Intracellular Signaling Laboratory, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Cédric Delevoye
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR144, Structure and Membrane Compartments, 75005, Paris, France.
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR144, Cell and Tissue Imaging Facility (PICT-IBiSA), 75005, Paris, France.
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30
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Belabed M, Mauvais FX, Maschalidi S, Kurowska M, Goudin N, Huang JD, Fischer A, de Saint Basile G, van Endert P, Sepulveda FE, Ménasché G. Kinesin-1 regulates antigen cross-presentation through the scission of tubulations from early endosomes in dendritic cells. Nat Commun 2020; 11:1817. [PMID: 32286311 PMCID: PMC7156633 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15692-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) constitute a specialized population of immune cells that present exogenous antigen (Ag) on major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules to initiate CD8 + T cell responses against pathogens and tumours. Although cross-presentation depends critically on the trafficking of Ag-containing intracellular vesicular compartments, the molecular machinery that regulates vesicular transport is incompletely understood. Here, we demonstrate that mice lacking Kif5b (the heavy chain of kinesin-1) in their DCs exhibit a major impairment in cross-presentation and thus a poor in vivo anti-tumour response. We find that kinesin-1 critically regulates antigen cross-presentation in DCs, by controlling Ag degradation, the endosomal pH, and MHC-I recycling. Mechanistically, kinesin-1 appears to regulate early endosome maturation by allowing the scission of endosomal tubulations. Our results highlight kinesin-1’s role as a molecular checkpoint that modulates the balance between antigen degradation and cross-presentation. Kinesin-1 is a motor protein transporting cargo along microtubules. Here the authors show that kinesin-1 is required for antigen cross-presentation and coordinates endosome scission from early endosomes to allow sorting internalized cargoes towards the recycling endosomal or lysosomal compartments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meriem Belabed
- Université de Paris, Imagine Institute, Laboratory of Molecular basis of altered immune homeostasis, INSERM UMR1163, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - François-Xavier Mauvais
- Université de Paris, INSERM, U1151, Institut Necker Enfants Malades; Université de Paris; CNRS, UMR8253, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Sophia Maschalidi
- Université de Paris, Imagine Institute, Laboratory of Molecular basis of altered immune homeostasis, INSERM UMR1163, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Mathieu Kurowska
- Université de Paris, Imagine Institute, Laboratory of Molecular basis of altered immune homeostasis, INSERM UMR1163, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Goudin
- Cell Imaging Facility, Université de Paris, Imagine Institute, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Jian-Dong Huang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Alain Fischer
- Université de Paris, Imagine Institute, Laboratory of Molecular basis of altered immune homeostasis, INSERM UMR1163, F-75015, Paris, France.,Immunology and Pediatric Hematology Department, Necker Children's Hospital, AP-HP, F-75015, Paris, France.,Collège de France, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Geneviève de Saint Basile
- Université de Paris, Imagine Institute, Laboratory of Molecular basis of altered immune homeostasis, INSERM UMR1163, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Peter van Endert
- Université de Paris, INSERM, U1151, Institut Necker Enfants Malades; Université de Paris; CNRS, UMR8253, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Fernando E Sepulveda
- Université de Paris, Imagine Institute, Laboratory of Molecular basis of altered immune homeostasis, INSERM UMR1163, F-75015, Paris, France.,Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS), F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Gaël Ménasché
- Université de Paris, Imagine Institute, Laboratory of Molecular basis of altered immune homeostasis, INSERM UMR1163, F-75015, Paris, France.
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31
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Biancospino M, Buel GR, Niño CA, Maspero E, Scotto di Perrotolo R, Raimondi A, Redlingshöfer L, Weber J, Brodsky FM, Walters KJ, Polo S. Clathrin light chain A drives selective myosin VI recruitment to clathrin-coated pits under membrane tension. Nat Commun 2019; 10:4974. [PMID: 31672988 PMCID: PMC6823378 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12855-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Clathrin light chains (CLCa and CLCb) are major constituents of clathrin-coated vesicles. Unique functions for these evolutionary conserved paralogs remain elusive, and their role in clathrin-mediated endocytosis in mammalian cells is debated. Here, we find and structurally characterize a direct and selective interaction between CLCa and the long isoform of the actin motor protein myosin VI, which is expressed exclusively in highly polarized tissues. Using genetically-reconstituted Caco-2 cysts as proxy for polarized epithelia, we provide evidence for coordinated action of myosin VI and CLCa at the apical surface where these proteins are essential for fission of clathrin-coated pits. We further find that myosin VI and Huntingtin-interacting protein 1-related protein (Hip1R) are mutually exclusive interactors with CLCa, and suggest a model for the sequential function of myosin VI and Hip1R in actin-mediated clathrin-coated vesicle budding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Biancospino
- IFOM, Fondazione Istituto FIRC di Oncologia Molecolare, 20139, Milan, Italy
| | - Gwen R Buel
- Structural Biophysics Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Carlos A Niño
- IFOM, Fondazione Istituto FIRC di Oncologia Molecolare, 20139, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Maspero
- IFOM, Fondazione Istituto FIRC di Oncologia Molecolare, 20139, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Andrea Raimondi
- Experimental Imaging Center, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Lisa Redlingshöfer
- Division of Biosciences, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Janine Weber
- IFOM, Fondazione Istituto FIRC di Oncologia Molecolare, 20139, Milan, Italy
| | - Frances M Brodsky
- Division of Biosciences, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK.
| | - Kylie J Walters
- Structural Biophysics Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA.
| | - Simona Polo
- IFOM, Fondazione Istituto FIRC di Oncologia Molecolare, 20139, Milan, Italy.
- Dipartimento di Oncologia ed Emato-oncologia, Universita' degli Studi di Milano, 20122, Milan, Italy.
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32
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Delevoye C, Marks MS, Raposo G. Lysosome-related organelles as functional adaptations of the endolysosomal system. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2019; 59:147-58. [PMID: 31234051 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2019.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Unique functions of specialised cells such as those of the immune and haemostasis systems, skin, blood vessels, lung, and bone require specialised compartments, collectively referred to as lysosome-related organelles (LROs), that share features of endosomes and lysosomes. LROs harbour unique morphological features and cell type-specific contents, and most if not all undergo regulated secretion for diverse functions. Ongoing research, largely driven by analyses of inherited diseases and their model systems, is unravelling the mechanisms involved in LRO generation, maturation, transport and secretion. A molecular understanding of these features will provide targets and markers that can be exploited for diagnosis and therapy of a myriad of diseases.
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33
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Abstract
Lysosomes are acidic and degradative organelles that receive and digest a plethora of molecular and particulate cargo delivered by endocytosis, autophagy, and phagocytosis. The mechanisms responsible for sorting, transporting, and ultimately delivering membranes and cargo to lysosomes through fusion have been intensely investigated. Much less is understood about lysosome fission, which is necessary to balance the incessant flow of cargo into lysosomes and maintain steady-state number, size, and function of lysosomes. Here, we review the emerging picture of how lipid signals, coat and adaptor proteins, and motor-cytoskeletal assemblies drive budding, tubulation, splitting, and 'kiss-and-run' events that enable fission and exit from lysosomes and related organelles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Golam T Saffi
- Department of Chemistry and Biology and the Molecular Science Graduate Program, Ryerson University, Toronto, ONT, M5B2K3, Canada
| | - Roberto J Botelho
- Department of Chemistry and Biology and the Molecular Science Graduate Program, Ryerson University, Toronto, ONT, M5B2K3, Canada.
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34
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Hu J, Cheng S, Wang H, Li X, Liu S, Wu M, Liu Y, Wang X. Distinct roles of two myosins in C. elegans spermatid differentiation. PLoS Biol 2019; 17:e3000211. [PMID: 30990821 PMCID: PMC6485759 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3000211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
During spermatogenesis, interconnected haploid spermatids segregate undesired cellular contents into residual bodies (RBs) before detaching from RBs. It is unclear how this differentiation process is controlled to produce individual spermatids or motile spermatozoa. Here, we developed a live imaging system to visualize and investigate this process in C. elegans. We found that non-muscle myosin 2 (NMY-2)/myosin II drives incomplete cytokinesis to generate connected haploid spermatids, which are then polarized to segregate undesired cellular contents into RBs under the control of myosin II and myosin VI. NMY-2/myosin II extends from the pseudo-cleavage furrow formed between two haploid spermatids to the spermatid poles, thus promoting RB expansion. In the meantime, defective spermatogenesis 15 (SPE-15)/myosin VI migrates from spermatids towards the expanding RB to promote spermatid budding. Loss of myosin II or myosin VI causes distinct cytoplasm segregation defects, while loss of both myosins completely blocks RB formation. We found that the final separation of spermatids from RBs is achieved through myosin VI-mediated cytokinesis, while myosin II is dispensable at this step. SPE-15/myosin VI and F-actin form a detergent-resistant actomyosin VI ring that undergoes continuous contraction to promote membrane constriction between spermatid and RB. We further identified that RGS-GAIP-interacting protein C terminus (GIPC)-1 and GIPC-2 cooperate with myosin VI to regulate contractile ring formation and spermatid release. Our study reveals distinct roles of myosin II and myosin VI in spermatid differentiation and uncovers a novel myosin VI-mediated cytokinesis process that controls spermatid release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyan Hu
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shiya Cheng
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Haibin Wang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Li
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Sun Liu
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mengmeng Wu
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yubing Liu
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaochen Wang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- * E-mail:
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35
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Bissig C, Croisé P, Heiligenstein X, Hurbain I, Lenk GM, Kaufman E, Sannerud R, Annaert W, Meisler MH, Weisman LS, Raposo G, van Niel G. The PIKfyve complex regulates the early melanosome homeostasis required for physiological amyloid formation. J Cell Sci 2019; 132:jcs.229500. [PMID: 30709920 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.229500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The metabolism of PI(3,5)P2 is regulated by the PIKfyve, VAC14 and FIG4 complex, mutations in which are associated with hypopigmentation in mice. These pigmentation defects indicate a key, but as yet unexplored, physiological relevance of this complex in the biogenesis of melanosomes. Here, we show that PIKfyve activity regulates formation of amyloid matrix composed of PMEL protein within the early endosomes in melanocytes, called stage I melanosomes. PIKfyve activity controls the membrane remodeling of stage I melanosomes, which regulates PMEL abundance, sorting and processing. PIKfyve activity also affects stage I melanosome kiss-and-run interactions with lysosomes, which are required for PMEL amyloidogenesis and the establishment of melanosome identity. Mechanistically, PIKfyve activity promotes both the formation of membrane tubules from stage I melanosomes and their release by modulating endosomal actin branching. Taken together, our data indicate that PIKfyve activity is a key regulator of the melanosomal import-export machinery that fine tunes the formation of functional amyloid fibrils in melanosomes and the maintenance of melanosome identity.This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christin Bissig
- Structure and Membrane Compartments, Institut Curie, Paris Sciences & Lettres Research University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR144, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Pauline Croisé
- IPNP, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris, Hopital Saint-Anne, Université Paris Descartes, INSERM U894, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Xavier Heiligenstein
- Structure and Membrane Compartments, Institut Curie, Paris Sciences & Lettres Research University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR144, 75005 Paris, France.,Cell and Tissue Imaging Facility, Institut Curie, Paris Sciences & Lettres Research University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR144, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Ilse Hurbain
- Structure and Membrane Compartments, Institut Curie, Paris Sciences & Lettres Research University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR144, 75005 Paris, France.,Cell and Tissue Imaging Facility, Institut Curie, Paris Sciences & Lettres Research University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR144, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Guy M Lenk
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5618, USA
| | - Emily Kaufman
- Life Science Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2216, USA
| | - Ragna Sannerud
- VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.,KU Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Wim Annaert
- VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.,KU Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Miriam H Meisler
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5618, USA
| | - Lois S Weisman
- Life Science Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2216, USA
| | - Graça Raposo
- Structure and Membrane Compartments, Institut Curie, Paris Sciences & Lettres Research University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR144, 75005 Paris, France.,Cell and Tissue Imaging Facility, Institut Curie, Paris Sciences & Lettres Research University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR144, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Guillaume van Niel
- Structure and Membrane Compartments, Institut Curie, Paris Sciences & Lettres Research University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR144, 75005 Paris, France .,IPNP, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris, Hopital Saint-Anne, Université Paris Descartes, INSERM U894, 75014 Paris, France.,Cell and Tissue Imaging Facility, Institut Curie, Paris Sciences & Lettres Research University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR144, 75005 Paris, France
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36
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Simonetti B, Cullen PJ. Actin-dependent endosomal receptor recycling. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2018; 56:22-33. [PMID: 30227382 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2018.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Revised: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Endosomes constitute major sorting compartments within the cell. There, a myriad of transmembrane proteins (cargoes) are delivered to the lysosome for degradation or retrieved from this fate and recycled through tubulo-vesicular transport carriers to different cellular destinations. Retrieval and recycling are orchestrated by multi-protein assemblies that include retromer and retriever, sorting nexins, and the Arp2/3 activating WASH complex. Fine-tuned control of actin polymerization on endosomes is fundamental for the retrieval and recycling of cargoes. Recent advances in the field have highlighted several roles that actin plays in this process including the binding to cargoes, stabilization of endosomal subdomains, generation of the remodeling forces required for the biogenesis of cargo-enriched transport carriers and short-range motility of the transport carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris Simonetti
- School of Biochemistry, Biomedical Sciences Building, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Peter J Cullen
- School of Biochemistry, Biomedical Sciences Building, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK.
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37
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Ohbayashi N, Fukuda M. SNARE dynamics during melanosome maturation. Biochem Soc Trans 2018; 46:911-7. [PMID: 30026369 DOI: 10.1042/BST20180130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Historically, studies on the maturation and intracellular transport of melanosomes in melanocytes have greatly contributed to elucidating the general mechanisms of intracellular transport in many different types of mammalian cells. During melanosome maturation, melanosome cargoes including melanogenic enzymes (e.g. tyrosinase) are transported from endosomes to immature melanosomes by membrane trafficking, which must require a membrane fusion process likely regulated by SNAREs [soluble NSF (N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor) attachment protein receptors]. In the present study, we review the literature concerning the expression and function of SNAREs (e.g. v-SNARE vesicle-associated membrane protein 7 and t-SNAREs syntaxin-3/13 and synaptosomal-associated protein-23) in melanocytes, especially in regard to the fusion process in which melanosome cargoes are finally delivered to immature melanosomes. We also describe the recent discovery of the SNARE recycling system on mature melanosomes in melanocytes. Such SNARE dynamics, especially the SNARE recycling system, on melanosomes will be useful in understanding as yet unidentified SNARE dynamics on other organelles.
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