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Wang K, Xue Y, Liu Y, Su X, Wei L, Lv C, Zhang X, Zhang L, Jia L, Zheng S, Ma Y, Yan H, Jiang G, Song H, Wang F, Lin Q, Hou Y. The detoxification ability of sex-role reversed seahorses determines the sexual dimorphism in immune responses to benzo[a]pyrene exposure. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 933:173088. [PMID: 38735333 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Sexual dimorphism in immune responses is an essential factor in environmental adaptation. However, the mechanisms involved remain obscure owing to the scarcity of data from sex-role-reversed species in stressed conditions. Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) is one of the most pervasive and carcinogenic organic pollutants in coastal environments. In this study, we evaluated the potential effects on renal immunotoxicity of the sex-role-reversed lined seahorse (Hippocampus erectus) toward environmental concentrations BaP exposure. Our results discovered the presence of different energy-immunity trade-off strategies adopted by female and male seahorses during BaP exposure. BaP induced more severe renal damage in female seahorses in a concentration-dependent manner. BaP biotransformation and detoxification in seahorses resemble those in mammals. Benzo[a]pyrene-7,8-dihydrodiol-9,10-oxide (BPDE) and 9-hydroxybenzo[a]pyrene (9-OH-BaP) formed DNA adducts and disrupted Ca2+ homeostasis may together attribute the renal immunotoxicity. Sexual dimorphisms in detoxification of both BPDE and 9-OH-BaP, and in regulation of Ca2+, autophagy and inflammation, mainly determined the extent of renal damage. Moreover, the mechanism of sex hormones regulated sexual dimorphism in immune responses needs to be further elucidated. Collectively, these findings contribute to the understanding of sexual dimorphism in the immunotoxicity induced by BaP exposure in seahorses, which may attribute to the dramatic decline in the biodiversity of the genus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wang
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China; Research and Development Center of Science, Technology and Industrialization of Seahorses, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China.
| | - Yuanyuan Xue
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China; Research and Development Center of Science, Technology and Industrialization of Seahorses, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China
| | - Yali Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China.
| | - Xiaolei Su
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China; Research and Development Center of Science, Technology and Industrialization of Seahorses, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China
| | - Lei Wei
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China
| | - Chunhui Lv
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China; Research and Development Center of Science, Technology and Industrialization of Seahorses, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China
| | - Lele Zhang
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China; Research and Development Center of Science, Technology and Industrialization of Seahorses, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China
| | - Longwu Jia
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China; Research and Development Center of Science, Technology and Industrialization of Seahorses, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China
| | - Shiyi Zheng
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China; Research and Development Center of Science, Technology and Industrialization of Seahorses, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China
| | - Yicong Ma
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China; Research and Development Center of Science, Technology and Industrialization of Seahorses, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China
| | - Hansheng Yan
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China; Research and Development Center of Science, Technology and Industrialization of Seahorses, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China
| | - Guangjun Jiang
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China
| | - Hongce Song
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Pathology, the Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai 264025, China
| | - Qiang Lin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
| | - Yuping Hou
- School of Life Sciences, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China
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Yang Y, Liu X, Yang D, Li L, Li S, Lu S, Li N. Interplay of CD36, autophagy, and lipid metabolism: insights into cancer progression. Metabolism 2024; 155:155905. [PMID: 38548128 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2024.155905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
CD36, a scavenger receptor B2 that is dynamically distributed between cell membranes and organelle membranes, plays a crucial role in regulating lipid metabolism. Abnormal CD36 activity has been linked to a range of metabolic disorders, such as obesity, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, insulin resistance and cardiovascular disease. CD36 undergoes various modifications, including palmitoylation, glycosylation, and ubiquitination, which greatly affect its binding affinity to various ligands, thereby triggering and influencing various biological effects. In the context of tumors, CD36 interacts with autophagy to jointly regulate tumorigenesis, mainly by influencing the tumor microenvironment. The central role of CD36 in cellular lipid homeostasis and recent molecular insights into CD36 in tumor development indicate the applicability of CD36 as a therapeutic target for cancer treatment. Here, we discuss the diverse posttranslational modifications of CD36 and their respective roles in lipid metabolism. Additionally, we delve into recent research findings on CD36 in tumors, outlining ongoing drug development efforts targeting CD36 and potential strategies for future development and highlighting the interplay between CD36 and autophagy in the context of cancer. Our aim is to provide a comprehensive understanding of the function of CD36 in both physiological and pathological processes, facilitating a more in-depth analysis of cancer progression and a better development and application of CD36-targeting drugs for tumor therapy in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxuan Yang
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaokun Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Di Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Lianhui Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Sheng Li
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Sen Lu
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ning Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
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3
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Ma W, Lu Y, Jin X, Lin N, Zhang L, Song Y. Targeting selective autophagy and beyond: From underlying mechanisms to potential therapies. J Adv Res 2024:S2090-1232(24)00199-1. [PMID: 38750694 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2024.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved turnover process for intracellular substances in eukaryotes, relying on lysosomal (in animals) or vacuolar (in yeast and plants) mechanisms. In the past two decades, emerging evidence suggests that, under specific conditions, autophagy can target particular macromolecules or organelles for degradation, a process termed selective autophagy. Recently, accumulating studies have demonstrated that the abnormality of selective autophagy is closely associated with the occurrence and progression of many human diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases, cancers, metabolic diseases, and cardiovascular diseases. AIM OF REVIEW This review aims at systematically and comprehensively introducing selective autophagy and its role in various diseases, while unravelling the molecular mechanisms of selective autophagy. By providing a theoretical basis for the development of related small-molecule drugs as well as treating related human diseases, this review seeks to contribute to the understanding of selective autophagy and its therapeutic potential. KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS OF REVIEW In this review, we systematically introduce and dissect the major categories of selective autophagy that have been discovered. We also focus on recent advances in understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying both classical and non-classical selective autophagy. Moreover, the current situation of small-molecule drugs targeting different types of selective autophagy is further summarized, providing valuable insights into the discovery of more candidate small-molecule drugs targeting selective autophagy in the future. On the other hand, we also reveal clinically relevant implementations that are potentially related to selective autophagy, such as predictive approaches and treatments tailored to individual patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Ma
- Department of Breast Surgery, Department of Ultrasound, Department of Hematology and Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Yingying Lu
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Biomimetic Synthesis of Natural Drugs, School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Xin Jin
- Department of Breast Surgery, Department of Ultrasound, Department of Hematology and Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Na Lin
- Department of Breast Surgery, Department of Ultrasound, Department of Hematology and Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China.
| | - Lan Zhang
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Biomimetic Synthesis of Natural Drugs, School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China.
| | - Yaowen Song
- Department of Breast Surgery, Department of Ultrasound, Department of Hematology and Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China.
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Duan Y, Yao RQ, Ling H, Zheng LY, Fan Q, Li Q, Wang L, Zhou QY, Wu LM, Dai XG, Yao YM. Organellophagy regulates cell death:A potential therapeutic target for inflammatory diseases. J Adv Res 2024:S2090-1232(24)00203-0. [PMID: 38740259 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2024.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dysregulated alterations in organelle structure and function have a significant connection with cell death, as well as the occurrence and development of inflammatory diseases. Maintaining cell viability and inhibiting the release of inflammatory cytokines are essential measures to treat inflammatory diseases. Recently, many studies have showed that autophagy selectively targets dysfunctional organelles, thereby sustaining the functional stability of organelles, alleviating the release of multiple cytokines, and maintaining organismal homeostasis. Organellophagy dysfunction is critically engaged in different kinds of cell death and inflammatory diseases. AIM OF REVIEW We summarized the current knowledge of organellophagy (e.g., mitophagy, reticulophagy, golgiphagy, lysophagy, pexophagy, nucleophagy, and ribophagy) and the underlying mechanisms by which organellophagy regulates cell death. KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS OF REVIEW We outlined the potential role of organellophagy in the modulation of cell fate during the inflammatory response to develop an intervention strategy for the organelle quality control in inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Duan
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Chenzhou Hospital (the First People's Hospital of Chenzhou), Southern Medical University, Chenzhou 423000, China; Translational Medicine Research Center, Medical Innovation Research Division and Fourth Medical Center of the Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Ren-Qi Yao
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Medical Innovation Research Division and Fourth Medical Center of the Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China; Department of General Surgery, the First Medical Center of the Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China.
| | - Hua Ling
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Chenzhou Hospital (the First People's Hospital of Chenzhou), Southern Medical University, Chenzhou 423000, China
| | - Li-Yu Zheng
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Medical Innovation Research Division and Fourth Medical Center of the Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Qi Fan
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Medical Innovation Research Division and Fourth Medical Center of the Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Qiong Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Chenzhou Hospital (the First People's Hospital of Chenzhou), Southern Medical University, Chenzhou 423000, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, the First Medical Center of the Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Qi-Yuan Zhou
- Department of Emergency, the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, China
| | - Le-Min Wu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Chenzhou Hospital (the First People's Hospital of Chenzhou), Southern Medical University, Chenzhou 423000, China
| | - Xin-Gui Dai
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Chenzhou Hospital (the First People's Hospital of Chenzhou), Southern Medical University, Chenzhou 423000, China.
| | - Yong-Ming Yao
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Medical Innovation Research Division and Fourth Medical Center of the Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China.
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5
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Bajdzienko J, Bremm A. Mammalian pexophagy at a glance. J Cell Sci 2024; 137:jcs259775. [PMID: 38752931 PMCID: PMC11166455 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.259775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Peroxisomes are highly plastic organelles that are involved in several metabolic processes, including fatty acid oxidation, ether lipid synthesis and redox homeostasis. Their abundance and activity are dynamically regulated in response to nutrient availability and cellular stress. Damaged or superfluous peroxisomes are removed mainly by pexophagy, the selective autophagy of peroxisomes induced by ubiquitylation of peroxisomal membrane proteins or ubiquitin-independent processes. Dysregulated pexophagy impairs peroxisome homeostasis and has been linked to the development of various human diseases. Despite many recent insights into mammalian pexophagy, our understanding of this process is still limited compared to our understanding of pexophagy in yeast. In this Cell Science at a Glance article and the accompanying poster, we summarize current knowledge on the control of mammalian pexophagy and highlight which aspects require further attention. We also discuss the role of ubiquitylation in pexophagy and describe the ubiquitin machinery involved in regulating signals for the recruitment of phagophores to peroxisomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Bajdzienko
- Goethe University Frankfurt,Medical Faculty,Institute of Biochemistry II, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Anja Bremm
- Goethe University Frankfurt,Medical Faculty,Institute of Biochemistry II, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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6
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Tan Z, Deng Y, Cai Z, He H, Tang Z, Feng Y, Ye J, Liu R, Cai S, Huang H, Han Z, Zhong W, Guo K. ACOX2 Serves as a Favorable Indicator Related to Lipid Metabolism and Oxidative Stress for Biochemical Recurrence in Prostate Cancer. J Cancer 2024; 15:3010-3023. [PMID: 38706909 PMCID: PMC11064250 DOI: 10.7150/jca.93832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Given the heterogeneity of tumors, there is an urgent need for accurate prognostic parameters in prostate cancer (PCa) patients. Lipid metabolism (LM) reprogramming and oxidative stress (OS) play a vital role in the progression of PCa. In this work, we identified five LM-OS-related genes (including ACOX2, PPRAGC1A, PTGS1, PTGS2, and HAO1) associated with the biochemical recurrence (BCR) of PCa. Subsequently, a prognostic signature was established based on these five genes. Kaplan-Meier survival estimates, receiver operating characteristic curves, and relationship analysis between risk score and clinical characters were applied to measure the robustness of the signature in an external cohort. A nomogram of risk score combined with clinical characteristics was constructed for clinical application. Functional enrichment analysis suggested that the underlying mechanism related to the signature included the calcium signaling, lipid transport, and cell cycle signaling pathways. Furthermore, WEE1 inhibitor was identified as a potential agent related to the cell cycle for high-risk patients. The mRNA expression and the prognostic value of the five genes were determined, and ACOX2 was identified as the key gene related to the prognostic signature. The protein expression of ACOX2 was measured in a prostate tissue microarray through an immunohistochemistry assay, confirming the bioinformatics results. By constructing the ACOX2-overexpressing PCa cell lines PC-3 and 22Rv1, the biological function of PCa cells was investigated. The cell viability, colony formation, migration, and invasion ability of PCa cell lines overexpressing ACOX2 were hindered. Decreased cellular lipid content and elevated cellular ROS content were observed in ACOX2-overexpressing PCa cell lines with reduced G2/M phases. In conclusion, this work presents the first prognostic signature specifically focused on LM-OS for PCa. ACOX2 could serve as a favorable indicator for the BCR in PCa. Further experiments are required to identify the potential underlying mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeheng Tan
- Department of Urology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, China
| | - Yulin Deng
- Department of Urology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Clinical Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510180, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Urology, Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Zhiduan Cai
- Department of Urology, Key Laboratory of Biological Targeting Diagnosis, Therapy and Rehabilitation of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510700, China
| | - Huichan He
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Urology, Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Zhenfeng Tang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Urology, Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China
- Guangzhou National Laboratory, No. 9 XingDaoHuanBei Road, Guangzhou International Bio Island, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510005, China
| | - Yuanfa Feng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Urology, Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Jianheng Ye
- Department of Urology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Clinical Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510180, China
| | - Ren Liu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510062, China
| | - Shanghua Cai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Urology, Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China
- Guangzhou National Laboratory, No. 9 XingDaoHuanBei Road, Guangzhou International Bio Island, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510005, China
| | - Huiting Huang
- Department of Urology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, China
| | - Zhaodong Han
- Department of Urology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Clinical Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510180, China
| | - Weide Zhong
- Department of Urology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Clinical Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510180, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Urology, Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China
- Guangzhou National Laboratory, No. 9 XingDaoHuanBei Road, Guangzhou International Bio Island, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510005, China
| | - Kai Guo
- Department of Urology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, China
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7
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Renna FJ, Gonzalez CD, Vaccaro MI. Decoding the Versatile Landscape of Autophagic Protein VMP1 in Cancer: A Comprehensive Review across Tissue Types and Regulatory Mechanisms. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3758. [PMID: 38612567 PMCID: PMC11011780 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Autophagy, a catabolic process orchestrating the degradation of proteins and organelles within lysosomes, is pivotal for maintaining cellular homeostasis. However, its dual role in cancer involves preventing malignant transformation while fostering progression and therapy resistance. Vacuole Membrane Protein 1 (VMP1) is an essential autophagic protein whose expression, per se, triggers autophagy, being present in the whole autophagic flux. In pancreatic cancer, VMP1-whose expression is linked to the Kirsten Rat Sarcoma Virus (KRAS) oncogene-significantly contributes to disease promotion, progression, and chemotherapy resistance. This investigation extends to breast cancer, colon cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, and more, highlighting VMP1's nuanced nature, contingent on specific tissue contexts. The examination of VMP1's interactions with micro-ribonucleic acids (miRNAs), including miR-21, miR-210, and miR-124, enhances our understanding of its regulatory network in cancer. Additionally, this article discusses VMP1 gene fusions, especially with ribosomal protein S6 kinase B1 (RPS6KB1), shedding light on potential implications for tumor malignancy. By deciphering the molecular mechanisms linking VMP1 to cancer progression, this exploration paves the way for innovative therapeutic strategies to disrupt these pathways and potentially improve treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe J. Renna
- Instituto de Bioquimica y Medicina Molecular Prof Alberto Boveris (IBIMOL), CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1113AAC, Argentina;
| | - Claudio D. Gonzalez
- Instituto de Investigaciones, IUC, Medicina Traslacional, Hospital Universitario CEMIC, Buenos Aires C1431FWN, Argentina;
| | - Maria I. Vaccaro
- Instituto de Bioquimica y Medicina Molecular Prof Alberto Boveris (IBIMOL), CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1113AAC, Argentina;
- Instituto de Investigaciones, IUC, Medicina Traslacional, Hospital Universitario CEMIC, Buenos Aires C1431FWN, Argentina;
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8
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Gheitasi H, Sabbaghian M, Fadaee M, Mohammadzadeh N, Shekarchi AA, Poortahmasebi V. The relationship between autophagy and respiratory viruses. Arch Microbiol 2024; 206:136. [PMID: 38436746 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-024-03838-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Respiratory viruses have caused severe global health problems and posed essential challenges to the medical community. In recent years, the role of autophagy as a critical process in cells in viral respiratory diseases has been noticed. One of the vital catabolic biological processes in the body is autophagy. Autophagy contributes to energy recovery by targeting and selectively directing foreign microorganisms, organelles, and senescent intracellular proteins to the lysosome for degradation and phagocytosis. Activation or suppression of autophagy is often initiated when foreign pathogenic organisms such as viruses infect cells. Because of its antiviral properties, several viruses may escape or resist this process by encoding viral proteins. Viruses can also use autophagy to enhance their replication or prolong the persistence of latent infections. Here, we provide an overview of autophagy and respiratory viruses such as coronavirus, rhinovirus, parainfluenza, influenza, adenovirus, and respiratory syncytial virus, and examine the interactions between them and the role of autophagy in the virus-host interaction process and the resulting virus replication strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamidreza Gheitasi
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Sabbaghian
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Manouchehr Fadaee
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Nader Mohammadzadeh
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ali Akbar Shekarchi
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Vahdat Poortahmasebi
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
- Research Center for Clinical Virology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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9
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Francisco T, Pedrosa AG, Rodrigues TA, Abalkhail T, Li H, Ferreira MJ, van der Heden van Noort GJ, Fransen M, Hettema EH, Azevedo JE. Noncanonical and reversible cysteine ubiquitination prevents the overubiquitination of PEX5 at the peroxisomal membrane. PLoS Biol 2024; 22:e3002567. [PMID: 38470934 PMCID: PMC10959387 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3002567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
PEX5, the peroxisomal protein shuttling receptor, binds newly synthesized proteins in the cytosol and transports them to the organelle. During its stay at the peroxisomal protein translocon, PEX5 is monoubiquitinated at its cysteine 11 residue, a mandatory modification for its subsequent ATP-dependent extraction back into the cytosol. The reason why a cysteine and not a lysine residue is the ubiquitin acceptor is unknown. Using an established rat liver-based cell-free in vitro system, we found that, in contrast to wild-type PEX5, a PEX5 protein possessing a lysine at position 11 is polyubiquitinated at the peroxisomal membrane, a modification that negatively interferes with the extraction process. Wild-type PEX5 cannot retain a polyubiquitin chain because ubiquitination at cysteine 11 is a reversible reaction, with the E2-mediated deubiquitination step presenting faster kinetics than PEX5 polyubiquitination. We propose that the reversible nonconventional ubiquitination of PEX5 ensures that neither the peroxisomal protein translocon becomes obstructed with polyubiquitinated PEX5 nor is PEX5 targeted for proteasomal degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tânia Francisco
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana G. Pedrosa
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Tony A. Rodrigues
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Tarad Abalkhail
- School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Hongli Li
- Laboratory of Peroxisome Biology and Intracellular Communication, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Maria J. Ferreira
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | | | - Marc Fransen
- Laboratory of Peroxisome Biology and Intracellular Communication, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ewald H. Hettema
- School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Jorge E. Azevedo
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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10
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Zheng D, Li F, Wang S, Liu PS, Xie X. High-content image screening to identify chemical modulators for peroxisome and ferroptosis. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2024; 29:26. [PMID: 38368371 PMCID: PMC10874541 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-024-00544-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The peroxisome is a dynamic organelle with variety in number, size, shape, and activity in different cell types and physiological states. Recent studies have implicated peroxisomal homeostasis in ferroptosis susceptibility. Here, we developed a U-2OS cell line with a fluorescent peroxisomal tag and screened a target-selective chemical library through high-content imaging analysis. METHODS U-2OS cells stably expressing the mOrange2-Peroxisomes2 tag were generated to screen a target-selective inhibitor library. The nuclear DNA was counterstained with Hoechst 33342 for cell cycle analysis. Cellular images were recorded and quantitatively analyzed through a high-content imaging platform. The effect of selected compounds on ferroptosis induction was analyzed in combination with ferroptosis inducers (RSL3 and erastin). Flow cytometry analysis was conducted to assess the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cell death events. RESULTS Through the quantification of DNA content and peroxisomal signals in single cells, we demonstrated that peroxisomal abundance was closely linked with cell cycle progression and that peroxisomal biogenesis mainly occurred in the G1/S phase. We further identified compounds that positively and negatively regulated peroxisomal abundance without significantly affecting the cell cycle distribution. Some compounds promoted peroxisomal signals by inducing oxidative stress, while others regulated peroxisomal abundance independent of redox status. Importantly, compounds with peroxisome-enhancing activity potentiated ferroptosis induction. CONCLUSIONS Our findings pinpoint novel cellular targets that might be involved in peroxisome homeostasis and indicate that compounds promoting peroxisomal abundance could be jointly applied with ferroptosis inducers to potentiate anticancer effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daheng Zheng
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing City, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fei Li
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing City, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shanshan Wang
- School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangdong, China
| | - Pu-Ste Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Xin Xie
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing City, Zhejiang, China.
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11
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Vu JT, Tavasoli KU, Mandjikian L, Sheedy CJ, Bacal J, Morrissey MA, Richardson CD, Gardner BM. A genome-wide screen links peroxisome regulation with Wnt signaling through RNF146 and tankyrase. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.02.02.578667. [PMID: 38352406 PMCID: PMC10862876 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.02.578667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Peroxisomes are membrane-bound organelles harboring metabolic enzymes. In humans, peroxisomes are required for normal development, yet the genes regulating peroxisome function remain unclear. We performed a genome-wide CRISPRi screen to identify novel factors involved in peroxisomal homeostasis. We found that inhibition of RNF146, an E3 ligase activated by poly(ADP-ribose), reduced the import of proteins into peroxisomes. RNF146-mediated loss of peroxisome import depended on the stabilization and activity of the poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase tankyrase, which binds the peroxisomal membrane protein PEX14. We propose that RNF146 and tankyrase regulate peroxisome import efficiency by PARsylation of proteins at the peroxisome membrane. Interestingly, we found that the loss of peroxisomes increased tankyrase and RNF146-dependent degradation of non-peroxisomal substrates, including the beta-catenin destruction complex component AXIN1, which was sufficient to alter the amplitude of beta-catenin transcription. Together, these observations not only suggest previously undescribed roles for RNF146 in peroxisomal regulation, but also a novel role in bridging peroxisome function with Wnt/beta-catenin signaling during development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan T Vu
- Biomolecular Science and Engineering Program, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Katherine U Tavasoli
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Lori Mandjikian
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Connor J Sheedy
- Biomolecular Science and Engineering Program, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Julien Bacal
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Meghan A Morrissey
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Chris D Richardson
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Brooke M Gardner
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
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12
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Kumar R, Islinger M, Worthy H, Carmichael R, Schrader M. The peroxisome: an update on mysteries 3.0. Histochem Cell Biol 2024; 161:99-132. [PMID: 38244103 PMCID: PMC10822820 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-023-02259-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
Peroxisomes are highly dynamic, oxidative organelles with key metabolic functions in cellular lipid metabolism, such as the β-oxidation of fatty acids and the synthesis of myelin sheath lipids, as well as the regulation of cellular redox balance. Loss of peroxisomal functions causes severe metabolic disorders in humans. Furthermore, peroxisomes also fulfil protective roles in pathogen and viral defence and immunity, highlighting their wider significance in human health and disease. This has sparked increasing interest in peroxisome biology and their physiological functions. This review presents an update and a continuation of three previous review articles addressing the unsolved mysteries of this remarkable organelle. We continue to highlight recent discoveries, advancements, and trends in peroxisome research, and address novel findings on the metabolic functions of peroxisomes, their biogenesis, protein import, membrane dynamics and division, as well as on peroxisome-organelle membrane contact sites and organelle cooperation. Furthermore, recent insights into peroxisome organisation through super-resolution microscopy are discussed. Finally, we address new roles for peroxisomes in immune and defence mechanisms and in human disorders, and for peroxisomal functions in different cell/tissue types, in particular their contribution to organ-specific pathologies.
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Grants
- BB/W015420/1, BB/V018167/1, BB/T002255/1, BB/R016844/1 Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council
- BB/W015420/1, BB/V018167/1, BB/T002255/1, BB/R016844/1 Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council
- BB/W015420/1, BB/V018167/1, BB/T002255/1, BB/R016844/1 Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council
- European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme
- Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislaufforschung
- German Research Foundation
- Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg
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Affiliation(s)
- Rechal Kumar
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Department of Biosciences, University of Exeter, Geoffrey Pope Building, Stocker Road, Exeter, EX4 4QD, UK
| | - Markus Islinger
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Mannheim Centre for Translational Neuroscience, University of Heidelberg, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Harley Worthy
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Department of Biosciences, University of Exeter, Geoffrey Pope Building, Stocker Road, Exeter, EX4 4QD, UK
| | - Ruth Carmichael
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Department of Biosciences, University of Exeter, Geoffrey Pope Building, Stocker Road, Exeter, EX4 4QD, UK.
| | - Michael Schrader
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Department of Biosciences, University of Exeter, Geoffrey Pope Building, Stocker Road, Exeter, EX4 4QD, UK.
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13
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Jin S, Li Y, Xia T, Liu Y, Zhang S, Hu H, Chang Q, Yan M. Mechanisms and therapeutic implications of selective autophagy in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. J Adv Res 2024:S2090-1232(24)00041-9. [PMID: 38295876 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2024.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become the most common chronic liver disease worldwide, whereas there is no approved drug therapy due to its complexity. Studies are emerging to discuss the role of selective autophagy in the pathogenesis of NAFLD, because the specificity among the features of selective autophagy makes it a crucial process in mitigating hepatocyte damage caused by aberrant accumulation of dysfunctional organelles, for which no other pathway can compensate. AIM OF REVIEW This review aims to summarize the types, functions, and dynamics of selective autophagy that are of particular importance in the initiation and progression of NAFLD. And on this basis, the review outlines the therapeutic strategies against NAFLD, in particular the medications and potential natural products that can modulate selective autophagy in the pathogenesis of this disease. KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS OF REVIEW The critical roles of lipophagy and mitophagy in the pathogenesis of NAFLD are well established, while reticulophagy and pexophagy are still being identified in this disease due to the insufficient understanding of their molecular details. As gradual blockage of autophagic flux reveals the complexity of NAFLD, studies unraveling the underlying mechanisms have made it possible to successfully treat NAFLD with multiple pharmacological compounds that target associated pathways. Overall, it is convinced that the continued research into selective autophagy occurring in NAFLD will further enhance the understanding of the pathogenesis and uncover novel therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suwei Jin
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, China
| | - Yujia Li
- Department of Medicine II, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Tianji Xia
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, China
| | - Yongguang Liu
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, China
| | - Shanshan Zhang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, China
| | - Hongbo Hu
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, China.
| | - Qi Chang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, China.
| | - Mingzhu Yan
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, China.
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14
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Kim YH, Park NY, Jo DS, Bae JE, Kim JB, Park K, Jeong K, Kim P, Yeom E, Cho DH. Inhibition of VHL by VH298 Accelerates Pexophagy by Activation of HIF-1α in HeLa Cells. Molecules 2024; 29:482. [PMID: 38257395 PMCID: PMC10819186 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29020482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a pivotal biological process responsible for maintaining the homeostasis of intracellular organelles. Yet the molecular intricacies of peroxisomal autophagy (pexophagy) remain largely elusive. From a ubiquitin-related chemical library for screening, we identified several inhibitors of the Von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) E3 ligase, including VH298, thereby serving as potent inducers of pexophagy. In this study, we observed that VH298 stimulates peroxisomal degradation by ATG5 dependently and escalates the ubiquitination of the peroxisomal membrane protein ABCD3. Interestingly, the ablation of NBR1 is similar to the curtailed peroxisomal degradation in VH298-treated cells. We also found that the pexophagy induced by VH298 is impeded upon the suppression of gene expression by the translation inhibitor cycloheximide. Beyond VHL inhibition, we discovered that roxadustat, a direct inhibitor of HIF-α prolyl hydroxylase, is also a potent inducer of pexophagy. Furthermore, we found that VH298-mediated pexophagy is blocked by silencing HIF-1α. In conclusion, our findings suggest that VH298 promotes pexophagy by modulating VHL-mediated HIF-α transcriptional activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Hwan Kim
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 FOUR KNU Creative Bio Research Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea; (Y.H.K.)
| | - Na Yeon Park
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 FOUR KNU Creative Bio Research Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea; (Y.H.K.)
| | - Doo Sin Jo
- ORGASIS Corp., Suwon 16229, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Eun Bae
- KNU LAMP Research Center, KNU Institute of Basic Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Bum Kim
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 FOUR KNU Creative Bio Research Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea; (Y.H.K.)
| | - Kyuhee Park
- Bio Industry Department, Gyeonggido Business & Science Accelerator, Suwon 16229, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwiwan Jeong
- Bio Industry Department, Gyeonggido Business & Science Accelerator, Suwon 16229, Republic of Korea
| | - Pansoo Kim
- ORGASIS Corp., Suwon 16229, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunbyul Yeom
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 FOUR KNU Creative Bio Research Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea; (Y.H.K.)
- KNU LAMP Research Center, KNU Institute of Basic Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Hyung Cho
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 FOUR KNU Creative Bio Research Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea; (Y.H.K.)
- ORGASIS Corp., Suwon 16229, Republic of Korea
- Organelle Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
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15
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Yan B, Cao L, Gao L, Wei S, Wang M, Tian Y, Yang J, Chen E. PEX26 Functions as a Metastasis Suppressor in Colorectal Cancer. Dig Dis Sci 2024; 69:112-122. [PMID: 37957408 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-023-08168-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Aberrant Peroxisomal Biogenesis Factor 26 (PEX26) occurs in multiple cell process. However, the role of PEX26 in colorectal cancer (CRC) development remains unknown. We aimed to study PEX26 expression, regulation, and function in CRC cells. METHODS Using the bioinformatic analysis, real-time quantitative PCR, and immunohistochemistry staining, we detected the expression of PEX26 in CRC and normal tissues. We performed functional experiments in vitro to elucidate the effect of PEX26 on CRC cells. We analyzed the RNA-seq data to reveal the downstream regulating network of PEX26. RESULTS PEX26 is significantly down-regulated in CRC and its low expression correlates with the poor overall survival of CRC patients. We further demonstrated that PEX26 over-expression inhibits the ability of CRC cell migration, invasion, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), while PEX26 knockdown promotes the malignant phenotypes of migration, invasion, and EMT via activating the Wnt pathway. CONCLUSION Overall, our results showed that the loss of PEX26 contributes to the malignant phenotype of CRC. PEX26 may serve as a novel metastasis repressor for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianbian Yan
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
- Institute of Preventive Genomic Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lichao Cao
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
- Institute of Preventive Genomic Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Liyang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
- Institute of Preventive Genomic Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shangqing Wei
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
- Institute of Preventive Genomic Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Mengwei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
- Institute of Preventive Genomic Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ye Tian
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
- Institute of Preventive Genomic Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
- Institute of Preventive Genomic Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Erfei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China.
- Institute of Preventive Genomic Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China.
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16
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Bastianello G, Porcella G, Beznoussenko GV, Kidiyoor G, Ascione F, Li Q, Cattaneo A, Matafora V, Disanza A, Quarto M, Mironov AA, Oldani A, Barozzi S, Bachi A, Costanzo V, Scita G, Foiani M. Cell stretching activates an ATM mechano-transduction pathway that remodels cytoskeleton and chromatin. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113555. [PMID: 38088930 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) and ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related (ATR) DNA damage response (DDR) kinases contain elastic domains. ATM also responds to reactive oxygen species (ROS) and ATR to nuclear mechanical stress. Mre11 mediates ATM activation following DNA damage; ATM mutations cause ataxia telangiectasia (A-T). Here, using in vivo imaging, electron microscopy, proteomic, and mechano-biology approaches, we study how ATM responds to mechanical stress. We report that cytoskeleton and ROS, but not Mre11, mediate ATM activation following cell deformation. ATM deficiency causes hyper-stiffness, stress fiber accumulation, Yes-associated protein (YAP) nuclear enrichment, plasma and nuclear membrane alterations during interstitial migration, and H3 hyper-methylation. ATM locates to the actin cytoskeleton and, following cytoskeleton stress, promotes phosphorylation of key cytoskeleton and chromatin regulators. Our data contribute to explain some clinical features of patients with A-T and pinpoint the existence of an integrated mechano-response in which ATM and ATR have distinct roles unrelated to their canonical DDR functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Bastianello
- IFOM, the FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, 20139 Milan, Italy; Oncology and Haemato-Oncology Department, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy.
| | | | | | - Gururaj Kidiyoor
- IFOM, the FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Flora Ascione
- IFOM, the FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Qingsen Li
- IFOM, the FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, 20139 Milan, Italy
| | | | | | - Andrea Disanza
- IFOM, the FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Micaela Quarto
- IFOM, the FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, 20139 Milan, Italy
| | | | - Amanda Oldani
- IFOM, the FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Barozzi
- IFOM, the FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Angela Bachi
- IFOM, the FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Costanzo
- IFOM, the FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, 20139 Milan, Italy; Oncology and Haemato-Oncology Department, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Giorgio Scita
- IFOM, the FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, 20139 Milan, Italy; Oncology and Haemato-Oncology Department, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Foiani
- IFOM, the FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, 20139 Milan, Italy; Oncology and Haemato-Oncology Department, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy.
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17
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Sun B, Zhou R, Zhu G, Xie X, Chai A, Li L, Fan T, Li B, Shi Y. Transcriptome Analysis Reveals the Involvement of Mitophagy and Peroxisome in the Resistance to QoIs in Corynespora cassiicola. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2849. [PMID: 38137993 PMCID: PMC10745780 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11122849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Quinone outside inhibitor fungicides (QoIs) are crucial fungicides for controlling plant diseases, but resistance, mainly caused by G143A, has been widely reported with the high and widespread use of QoIs. However, two phenotypes of Corynespora casiicola (RI and RII) with the same G143A showed significantly different resistance to QoIs in our previous study, which did not match the reported mechanisms. Therefore, transcriptome analysis of RI and RII strains after trifloxystrobin treatment was used to explore the new resistance mechanism in this study. The results show that 332 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were significantly up-regulated and 448 DEGs were significantly down-regulated. The results of GO and KEGG enrichment showed that DEGs were most enriched in ribosomes, while also having enrichment in peroxide, endocytosis, the lysosome, autophagy, and mitophagy. In particular, mitophagy and peroxisome have been reported in medicine as the main mechanisms of reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging, while the lysosome and endocytosis are an important organelle and physiological process, respectively, that assist mitophagy. The oxidative stress experiments showed that the oxidative stress resistance of the RII strains was significantly higher than that of the RI strains: specifically, it was more than 1.8-fold higher at a concentration of 0.12% H2O2. This indicates that there is indeed a significant difference in the scavenging capacity of ROS between the two phenotypic strains. Therefore, we suggest that QoIs' action caused a high production of ROS, and that scavenging mechanisms such as mitophagy and peroxisomes functioned in RII strains to prevent oxidative stress, whereas RI strains were less capable of resisting oxidative stress, resulting in different resistance to QoIs. In this study, it was first revealed that mitophagy and peroxisome mechanisms available for ROS scavenging are involved in the resistance of pathogens to fungicides.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Baoju Li
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (B.S.); (R.Z.)
| | - Yanxia Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (B.S.); (R.Z.)
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18
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Liu C, Bi Z, Xu H, Zhang R, Wang J, Liang Y, Zhang L, Yu J. Regulatory Mechanism of Peroxisome Number Reduction Caused by FgPex4 and FgPex22-like Deletion in Fusarium graminearum. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:1083. [PMID: 37998888 PMCID: PMC10672079 DOI: 10.3390/jof9111083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Peroxisomes are single-membrane-bound organelles that play critical roles in eukaryotic cellular functions. Peroxisome quantity is a key factor influencing the homeostasis and pathogenic processes of pathogenic fungi. The aim of the present study was to investigate the underlying mechanisms of the reduction in number of peroxisomes in Fusarium graminearum consequent to FgPex4 and FgPex22-like deletion. The number of peroxisomes decreased by 40.55% and 39.70% when FgPex4 and FgPex22-like, respectively, were absent. Peroxisome biogenesis-related proteins, as well as inheritance- and division-related dynamin-like proteins were reduced at the transcriptional level in the mutant strains. In addition, the degree of pexophagy was intensified and the accumulation of ubiquitinated FgPex5 was also increased in F. graminearum when FgPex4 or FgPex22-like was absent. The findings suggest that FgPex4 and FgPex22-like influence the number of peroxisomes by influencing peroxisome biogenesis and pexophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Li Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China; (C.L.); (Z.B.); (H.X.); (R.Z.); (J.W.); (Y.L.)
| | - Jinfeng Yu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China; (C.L.); (Z.B.); (H.X.); (R.Z.); (J.W.); (Y.L.)
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19
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Pan KH, Chang H, Yang WY. Extracellular release in the quality control of the mammalian mitochondria. J Biomed Sci 2023; 30:85. [PMID: 37805581 PMCID: PMC10560436 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-023-00979-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Mammalian cells release a wealth of materials to their surroundings. Emerging data suggest these materials can even be mitochondria with perturbed morphology and aberrant function. These dysfunctional mitochondria are removed by migrating cells through membrane shedding. Neuronal cells, cardiomyocytes, and adipocytes send dysfunctional mitochondria into the extracellular space for nearby cells to degrade. Various studies also indicate that there is an interplay between intracellular mitochondrial degradation pathways and mitochondrial release in handling dysfunctional mitochondria. These observations, in aggregate, suggest that extracellular release plays a role in quality-controlling mammalian mitochondria. Future studies will help delineate the various types of molecular machinery mammalian cells use to release dysfunctional mitochondria. Through the studies, we will better understand how mammalian cells choose between intracellular degradation and extracellular release for the quality control of mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuei-Hsiang Pan
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Biochemical Sciences, College of Life Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hung Chang
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei Yuan Yang
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Institute of Biochemical Sciences, College of Life Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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20
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Milletti G, Colicchia V, Cecconi F. Cyclers' kinases in cell division: from molecules to cancer therapy. Cell Death Differ 2023; 30:2035-2052. [PMID: 37516809 PMCID: PMC10482880 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-023-01196-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Faithful eucaryotic cell division requires spatio-temporal orchestration of multiple sequential events. To ensure the dynamic nature of these molecular and morphological transitions, a swift modulation of key regulatory pathways is necessary. The molecular process that most certainly fits this description is phosphorylation, the post-translational modification provided by kinases, that is crucial to allowing the progression of the cell cycle and that culminates with the separation of two identical daughter cells. In detail, from the early stages of the interphase to the cytokinesis, each critical step of this process is tightly regulated by multiple families of kinases including the Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), kinases of the Aurora, Polo, Wee1 families, and many others. While cell-cycle-related CDKs control the timing of the different phases, preventing replication machinery errors, the latter modulate the centrosome cycle and the spindle function, avoiding karyotypic abnormalities typical of chromosome instability. Such chromosomal abnormalities may result from replication stress (RS) and chromosome mis-segregation and are considered a hallmark of poor prognosis, therapeutic resistance, and metastasis in cancer patients. Here, we discuss recent advances in the understanding of how different families of kinases concur to govern cell cycle, preventing RS and mitotic infidelity. Additionally, considering the growing number of clinical trials targeting these molecules, we review to what extent and in which tumor context cell-cycle-related kinases inhibitors are worth exploiting as an effective therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Milletti
- DNA Replication and Cancer Group, Danish Cancer Institute, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology and of Cell and Gene Therapy, IRCCS Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Rome, Italy.
| | - Valeria Colicchia
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
- IRBM S.p.A., Via Pontina Km 30.60, 00070, Pomezia, Italy
| | - Francesco Cecconi
- Cell Stress and Survival Group, Center for Autophagy, Recycling and Disease (CARD), Danish Cancer Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark.
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore and Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
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21
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Hwang M, Jun DW, Song BR, Shim H, Lee CH, Kim S. Ataxia-Telangiectasia Mutated Is Involved in Autolysosome Formation. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2023; 31:559-565. [PMID: 36941082 PMCID: PMC10468418 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2023.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM), a master kinase of the DNA damage response (DDR), phosphorylates a multitude of substrates to activate signaling pathways after DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). ATM inhibitors have been evaluated as anticancer drugs to potentiate the cytotoxicity of DNA damage-based cancer therapy. ATM is also involved in autophagy, a conserved cellular process that maintains homeostasis by degrading unnecessary proteins and dysfunctional organelles. In this study, we report that ATM inhibitors (KU-55933 and KU-60019) provoked accumulation of autophagosomes and p62 and restrained autolysosome formation. Under autophagy-inducing conditions, the ATM inhibitors caused excessive autophagosome accumulation and cell death. This new function of ATM in autophagy was also observed in numerous cell lines. Repression of ATM expression using an siRNA inhibited autophagic flux at the autolysosome formation step and induced cell death under autophagy-inducing conditions. Taken together, our results suggest that ATM is involved in autolysosome formation and that the use of ATM inhibitors in cancer therapy may be expanded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihwa Hwang
- Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Wha Jun
- Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo Ram Song
- Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Republic of Korea
| | - Hanna Shim
- Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Hun Lee
- Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunshin Kim
- Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Republic of Korea
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22
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Zhu M, Dagah OMA, Silaa BB, Lu J. Thioredoxin/Glutaredoxin Systems and Gut Microbiota in NAFLD: Interplay, Mechanism, and Therapeutical Potential. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1680. [PMID: 37759983 PMCID: PMC10525532 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12091680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common clinical disease, and its pathogenesis is closely linked to oxidative stress and gut microbiota dysbiosis. Recently accumulating evidence indicates that the thioredoxin and glutaredoxin systems, the two thiol-redox dependent antioxidant systems, are the key players in the NAFLD's development and progression. However, the effects of gut microbiota dysbiosis on the liver thiol-redox systems are not well clarified. This review explores the role and mechanisms of oxidative stress induced by bacteria in NAFLD while emphasizing the crucial interplay between gut microbiota dysbiosis and Trx mediated-redox regulation. The paper explores how dysbiosis affects the production of specific gut microbiota metabolites, such as trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), lipopolysaccharides (LPS), short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), amino acids, bile acid, and alcohol. These metabolites, in turn, significantly impact liver inflammation, lipid metabolism, insulin resistance, and cellular damage through thiol-dependent redox signaling. It suggests that comprehensive approaches targeting both gut microbiota dysbiosis and the thiol-redox antioxidant system are essential for effectively preventing and treating NAFLD. Overall, comprehending the intricate relationship between gut microbiota dysbiosis and thiol-redox systems in NAFLD holds significant promise in enhancing patient outcomes and fostering the development of innovative therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jun Lu
- Engineering Research Center of Coptis Development and Utilization/Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing, Ministry of Education (Southwest University), College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (M.Z.); (O.M.A.D.); (B.B.S.)
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23
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Ning B, Hang S, Zhang W, Mao C, Li D. An update on the bridging factors connecting autophagy and Nrf2 antioxidant pathway. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1232241. [PMID: 37621776 PMCID: PMC10445655 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1232241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Macroautophagy/autophagy is a lysosome-dependent catabolic pathway for the degradation of intracellular proteins and organelles. Autophagy dysfunction is related to many diseases, including lysosomal storage diseases, cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, cardiomyopathy, and chronic metabolic diseases, in which increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels are also observed. ROS can randomly oxidize proteins, lipids, and DNA, causing oxidative stress and damage. Cells have developed various antioxidant pathways to reduce excessive ROS and maintain redox homeostasis. Treatment targeting only one aspect of diseases with autophagy dysfunction and oxidative stress shows very limited effects. Herein, identifying the bridging factors that can regulate both autophagy and antioxidant pathways is beneficial for dual-target therapies. This review intends to provide insights into the current identified bridging factors that connect autophagy and Nrf2 antioxidant pathway, as well as their tight interconnection with each other. These factors could be potential dual-purpose targets for the treatment of diseases implicated in both autophagy dysfunction and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baike Ning
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shuqi Hang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenhe Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Caiwen Mao
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dan Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
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24
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Abstract
Maintenance of protein homeostasis and organelle integrity and function is critical for cellular homeostasis and cell viability. Autophagy is the principal mechanism that mediates the delivery of various cellular cargoes to lysosomes for degradation and recycling. A myriad of studies demonstrate important protective roles for autophagy against disease. However, in cancer, seemingly opposing roles of autophagy are observed in the prevention of early tumour development versus the maintenance and metabolic adaptation of established and metastasizing tumours. Recent studies have addressed not only the tumour cell intrinsic functions of autophagy, but also the roles of autophagy in the tumour microenvironment and associated immune cells. In addition, various autophagy-related pathways have been described, which are distinct from classical autophagy, that utilize parts of the autophagic machinery and can potentially contribute to malignant disease. Growing evidence on how autophagy and related processes affect cancer development and progression has helped guide efforts to design anticancer treatments based on inhibition or promotion of autophagy. In this Review, we discuss and dissect these different functions of autophagy and autophagy-related processes during tumour development, maintenance and progression. We outline recent findings regarding the role of these processes in both the tumour cells and the tumour microenvironment and describe advances in therapy aimed at autophagy processes in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayanta Debnath
- Department of Pathology and Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Noor Gammoh
- MRC Institute of Genetics & Cancer, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
| | - Kevin M Ryan
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK.
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
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25
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Sun JKL, Wong GCN, Chow KHM. Cross-talk between DNA damage response and the central carbon metabolic network underlies selective vulnerability of Purkinje neurons in ataxia-telangiectasia. J Neurochem 2023; 166:654-677. [PMID: 37319113 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Cerebellar ataxia is often the first and irreversible outcome in the disease of ataxia-telangiectasia (A-T), as a consequence of selective cerebellar Purkinje neuronal degeneration. A-T is an autosomal recessive disorder resulting from the loss-of-function mutations of the ataxia-telangiectasia-mutated ATM gene. Over years of research, it now becomes clear that functional ATM-a serine/threonine kinase protein product of the ATM gene-plays critical roles in regulating both cellular DNA damage response and central carbon metabolic network in multiple subcellular locations. The key question arises is how cerebellar Purkinje neurons become selectively vulnerable when all other cell types in the brain are suffering from the very same defects in ATM function. This review intended to comprehensively elaborate the unexpected linkages between these two seemingly independent cellular functions and the regulatory roles of ATM involved, their integrated impacts on both physical and functional properties, hence the introduction of selective vulnerability to Purkinje neurons in the disease will be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacquelyne Ka-Li Sun
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Genper Chi-Ngai Wong
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Kim Hei-Man Chow
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Gerald Choa Neuroscience Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Nexus of Rare Neurodegenerative Diseases, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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26
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Wu CC, Chen WC, Hsiao WP, Huang KF, Liao YS, Lin HB, Wu YJ, Kao CH, Chen SL. Reciprocal Regulation of Peroxisome Biogenesis and Myogenic Factors Is Critical for Myogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12262. [PMID: 37569637 PMCID: PMC10419124 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria (MITO) and peroxisomes (PEXO) are the major organelles involved in the oxidative metabolism of cells, but detailed examination of their dynamics and functional adaptations during skeletal muscle (SKM) development (myogenesis) is still lacking. In this study, we found that during myogenesis, MITO DNA, ROS level, and redox ratio increased in myotubes, but the membrane potential (Δψm) and ATP content reduced, implying that the MITO efficiency might reduce during myogenesis. The PEXO number and density both increased during myogenesis, which probably resulted from the accumulation and increased biogenesis of PEXO. The expression of PEXO biogenesis factors was induced during myogenesis in vitro and in utero, and their promoters were also activated by MyoD. Knockdown of the biogenesis factors Pex3 repressed not only the PEXO density and functions but also the levels of MITO genes and functions, suggesting a close coupling between PEXO biogenesis and MITO functions. Surprisingly, Pex3 knockdown by the CRISPRi system repressed myogenic differentiation, indicating critical involvement of PEXO biogenesis in myogenesis. Taken together, these observations suggest that the dynamics and functions of both MITO and PEXO are coupled with each other and with the metabolic changes that occur during myogenesis, and these metabolic couplings are critical to myogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Shen-Liang Chen
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Health Sciences and Technology, National Central University, Taoyuan 320317, Taiwan; (C.-C.W.); (W.-C.C.); (W.-P.H.); (K.-F.H.); (Y.-S.L.); (H.-B.L.); (Y.-J.W.); (C.-H.K.)
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27
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Wu H, Liu Q, Shan X, Gao W, Chen Q. ATM orchestrates ferritinophagy and ferroptosis by phosphorylating NCOA4. Autophagy 2023; 19:2062-2077. [PMID: 36752571 PMCID: PMC10283418 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2023.2170960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a newly characterized form of programmed cell death, which is driven by the lethal accumulation of lipid peroxides catalyzed by the intracellular bioactive iron. Targeted induction of ferroptotic cell death holds great promise for therapeutic design against other therapy-resistant cancers. To date, multiple post-translational modifications have been elucidated to impinge on the ferroptotic sensitivity. Here we report that the Ser/Thr protein kinase ATM, the major sensor of DNA double-strand break damage, is indispensable for ferroptosis execution. Pharmacological inhibition or genetic ablation of ATM significantly antagonizes ferroptosis. Besides, ATM ablation-induced ferroptotic resistance is largely independent of its downstream target TRP53, as cells defective in both Trp53 and Atm are still more insensitive to ferroptotic inducers than the trp53 single knockout cells. Mechanistically, ATM dominates the intracellular labile free iron by phosphorylating NCOA4, facilitating NCOA4-ferritin interaction and therefore sustaining ferritinophagy, a selective type of macroautophagy/autophagy specifically degrading ferritin for iron recycling. Our results thus uncover a novel regulatory circuit of ferroptosis comprising ATM-NCOA4 in orchestrating ferritinophagy and iron bioavailability.Abbreviations: AMPK: AMP-activated protein kinase; ATM: ataxia telangiectasia mutated; BSO: buthionine sulphoximine; CDKN1A: cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A (P21); CQ: chloroquine; DFO: deferoxamine; DFP: deferiprone; Fer: ferrostatin-1; FTH1: ferritin heavy polypeptide 1; GPX4: glutathione peroxidase 4; GSH: glutathione; MEF: mouse embryonic fibroblast; NCOA4: nuclear receptor coactivator 4; PFTα: pifithrin-α; PTGS2: prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2; Slc7a11: solute carrier family 7 member 11; Sul: sulfasalazine; TFRC: transferrin receptor; TRP53: transformation related protein 53.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Interdisciplinary Sciences Research Institute, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Qian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Interdisciplinary Sciences Research Institute, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xinyi Shan
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Interdisciplinary Sciences Research Institute, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Weihua Gao
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Interdisciplinary Sciences Research Institute, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Quan Chen
- State key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
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28
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Raffeiner M, Zhu S, González-Fuente M, Üstün S. Interplay between autophagy and proteasome during protein turnover. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 28:698-714. [PMID: 36801193 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2023.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Protein homeostasis is epitomized by an equilibrium between protein biosynthesis and degradation: the 'life and death' of proteins. Approximately one-third of newly synthesized proteins are degraded. As such, protein turnover is required to maintain cellular integrity and survival. Autophagy and the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) are the two principal degradation pathways in eukaryotes. Both pathways orchestrate many cellular processes during development and upon environmental stimuli. Ubiquitination of degradation targets is used as a 'death' signal by both processes. Recent findings revealed a direct functional link between both pathways. Here, we summarize key findings in the field of protein homeostasis, with an emphasis on the newly revealed crosstalk between both degradation machineries and how it is decided which pathway facilitates target degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margot Raffeiner
- Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, Zentrum für Molekular Biologie der Pflanzen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; Faculty of Biology & Biotechnology, Ruhr-University of Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Shanshuo Zhu
- Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, Zentrum für Molekular Biologie der Pflanzen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; Faculty of Biology & Biotechnology, Ruhr-University of Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Manuel González-Fuente
- Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, Zentrum für Molekular Biologie der Pflanzen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; Faculty of Biology & Biotechnology, Ruhr-University of Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Suayib Üstün
- Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, Zentrum für Molekular Biologie der Pflanzen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; Faculty of Biology & Biotechnology, Ruhr-University of Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany.
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29
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Shim SM, Choi HR, Kwon SC, Kim HY, Sung KW, Jung EJ, Mun SR, Bae TH, Kim DH, Son YS, Jung CH, Lee J, Lee MJ, Park JW, Kwon YT. The Cys-N-degron pathway modulates pexophagy through the N-terminal oxidation and arginylation of ACAD10. Autophagy 2023; 19:1642-1661. [PMID: 36184612 PMCID: PMC10262816 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2022.2126617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
In the N-degron pathway, N-recognins recognize cognate substrates for degradation via the ubiquitin (Ub)-proteasome system (UPS) or the autophagy-lysosome system (hereafter autophagy). We have recently shown that the autophagy receptor SQSTM1/p62 (sequestosome 1) is an N-recognin that binds the N-terminal arginine (Nt-Arg) as an N-degron to modulate autophagic proteolysis. Here, we show that the N-degron pathway mediates pexophagy, in which damaged peroxisomal fragments are degraded by autophagy under normal and oxidative stress conditions. This degradative process initiates when the Nt-Cys of ACAD10 (acyl-CoA dehydrogenase family, member 10), a receptor in pexophagy, is oxidized into Cys sulfinic (CysO2) or sulfonic acid (CysO3) by ADO (2-aminoethanethiol (cysteamine) dioxygenase). Under oxidative stress, the Nt-Cys of ACAD10 is chemically oxidized by reactive oxygen species (ROS). The oxidized Nt-Cys2 is arginylated by ATE1-encoded R-transferases, generating the RCOX N-degron. RCOX-ACAD10 marks the site of pexophagy via the interaction with PEX5 and binds the ZZ domain of SQSTM1/p62, recruiting LC3+-autophagic membranes. In mice, knockout of either Ate1 responsible for Nt-arginylation or Sqstm1/p62 leads to increased levels of peroxisomes. In the cells from patients with peroxisome biogenesis disorders (PBDs), characterized by peroxisomal loss due to uncontrolled pexophagy, inhibition of either ATE1 or SQSTM1/p62 was sufficient to recover the level of peroxisomes. Our results demonstrate that the Cys-N-degron pathway generates an N-degron that regulates the removal of damaged peroxisomal membranes along with their contents. We suggest that tannic acid, a commercially available drug on the market, has a potential to treat PBDs through its activity to inhibit ATE1 R-transferases.Abbreviations: ACAA1, acetyl-Coenzyme A acyltransferase 1; ACAD, acyl-Coenzyme A dehydrogenase; ADO, 2-aminoethanethiol (cysteamine) dioxygenase; ATE1, arginyltransferase 1; CDO1, cysteine dioxygenase type 1; ER, endoplasmic reticulum; LIR, LC3-interacting region; MOXD1, monooxygenase, DBH-like 1; NAC, N-acetyl-cysteine; Nt-Arg, N-terminal arginine; Nt-Cys, N-terminal cysteine; PB1, Phox and Bem1p; PBD, peroxisome biogenesis disorder; PCO, plant cysteine oxidase; PDI, protein disulfide isomerase; PTS, peroxisomal targeting signal; R-COX, Nt-Arg-CysOX; RNS, reactive nitrogen species; ROS, reactive oxygen species; SNP, sodium nitroprusside; UBA, ubiquitin-associated; UPS, ubiquitinproteasome system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Mi Shim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ha Rim Choi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon Chul Kwon
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Cellular Degradation Biology Center, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Yeon Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Cellular Degradation Biology Center, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Woon Sung
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Cellular Degradation Biology Center, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- AUTOTAC Bio Inc., Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eui Jung Jung
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Cellular Degradation Biology Center, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Ran Mun
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Cellular Degradation Biology Center, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Hyun Bae
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Cellular Degradation Biology Center, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hyun Kim
- Anticancer Agents Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongwon, Korea
| | - Yeon Sung Son
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Medical Research Center, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Hoon Jung
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Cellular Degradation Biology Center, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihoon Lee
- Cellular Degradation Biology Center, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- AUTOTAC Bio Inc., Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Jae Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Cellular Degradation Biology Center, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo-Won Park
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Tae Kwon
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Cellular Degradation Biology Center, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- AUTOTAC Bio Inc., Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- SNU Dementia Research Center, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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30
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Shu P, Liang H, Zhang J, Lin Y, Chen W, Zhang D. Reactive oxygen species formation and its effect on CD4 + T cell-mediated inflammation. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1199233. [PMID: 37304262 PMCID: PMC10249013 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1199233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced both enzymatically and non-enzymatically in vivo. Physiological concentrations of ROS act as signaling molecules that participate in various physiological and pathophysiological activities and play an important role in basic metabolic functions. Diseases related to metabolic disorders may be affected by changes in redox balance. This review details the common generation pathways of intracellular ROS and discusses the damage to physiological functions when the ROS concentration is too high to reach an oxidative stress state. We also summarize the main features and energy metabolism of CD4+ T-cell activation and differentiation and the effects of ROS produced during the oxidative metabolism of CD4+ T cells. Because the current treatment for autoimmune diseases damages other immune responses and functional cells in the body, inhibiting the activation and differentiation of autoreactive T cells by targeting oxidative metabolism or ROS production without damaging systemic immune function is a promising treatment option. Therefore, exploring the relationship between T-cell energy metabolism and ROS and the T-cell differentiation process provides theoretical support for discovering effective treatments for T cell-mediated autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Dunfang Zhang
- Department of Biotherapy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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31
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Themistokleous C, Bagnoli E, Parulekar R, M K Muqit M. Role of autophagy pathway in Parkinson's disease and related Genetic Neurological disorders. J Mol Biol 2023:168144. [PMID: 37182812 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2023.168144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The elucidation of the function of the PINK1 protein kinase and Parkin ubiquitin E3 ligase in the elimination of damaged mitochondria by autophagy (mitophagy) has provided unprecedented understanding of the mechanistic pathways underlying Parkinson's disease (PD). We provide a comprehensive overview of the general importance of autophagy in Parkinson's disease and related disorders of the central nervous system. This reveals a critical link between autophagy and neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental disorders and suggests that strategies to modulate mitophagy may have greater relevance in the CNS beyond PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christos Themistokleous
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, Sir James Black Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 5EH, UK of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 5EH, UK; Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
| | - Enrico Bagnoli
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, Sir James Black Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 5EH, UK of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 5EH, UK; Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
| | - Ramaa Parulekar
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, Sir James Black Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 5EH, UK of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Miratul M K Muqit
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, Sir James Black Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 5EH, UK of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 5EH, UK; Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA.
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32
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Barone FG, Urbé S, Clague MJ. Segregation of pathways leading to pexophagy. Life Sci Alliance 2023; 6:e202201825. [PMID: 36810161 PMCID: PMC9944197 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202201825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Peroxisomes are organelles with key roles in metabolism including long-chain fatty acid production. Their metabolic functions overlap and interconnect with those of mitochondria, with which they share an overlapping but distinct proteome. Both organelles are degraded by selective autophagy processes termed pexophagy and mitophagy. Although mitophagy has received intense attention, the pathways linked to pexophagy and associated tools are less well developed. We have identified the neddylation inhibitor MLN4924 as a potent activator of pexophagy and show that this is mediated by the HIF1α-dependent up-regulation of BNIP3L/NIX, a known adaptor for mitophagy. We show that this pathway is distinct from pexophagy induced by the USP30 deubiquitylase inhibitor CMPD-39, for which we identify the adaptor NBR1 as a central player. Our work suggests a level of complexity to the regulation of peroxisome turnover that includes the capacity to coordinate with mitophagy, via NIX, which acts as a rheostat for both processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco G Barone
- Molecular Physiology and Cell Signalling, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Sylvie Urbé
- Molecular Physiology and Cell Signalling, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Michael J Clague
- Molecular Physiology and Cell Signalling, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
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33
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Ke PY. Crosstalk between Autophagy and RLR Signaling. Cells 2023; 12:cells12060956. [PMID: 36980296 PMCID: PMC10047499 DOI: 10.3390/cells12060956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy plays a homeostatic role in regulating cellular metabolism by degrading unwanted intracellular materials and acts as a host defense mechanism by eliminating infecting pathogens, such as viruses. Upon viral infection, host cells often activate retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I)-like receptor (RLR) signaling to induce the transcription of type I interferons, thus establishing the first line of the innate antiviral response. In recent years, numerous studies have shown that virus-mediated autophagy activation may benefit viral replication through different actions on host cellular processes, including the modulation of RLR-mediated innate immunity. Here, an overview of the functional molecules and regulatory mechanism of the RLR antiviral immune response as well as autophagy is presented. Moreover, a summary of the current knowledge on the biological role of autophagy in regulating RLR antiviral signaling is provided. The molecular mechanisms underlying the crosstalk between autophagy and RLR innate immunity are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Yuan Ke
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
- Liver Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
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34
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Abstract
Significance: Autophagy is a self-degrading process that determines cell fate in response to various environmental stresses. In contrast to autophagy-mediated cell survival, the signals, mechanisms, and effects of autophagy-dependent cell death remain obscure. The discovery of autophagy-dependent ferroptosis provides a paradigm for understanding the relationship between aberrant degradation pathways and excessive lipid peroxidation in driving regulated cell death. Recent Advances: Ferroptosis was originally described as an autophagy-independent and iron-mediated nonapoptotic cell death. Current studies reveal that the level of intracellular autophagy is positively correlated with ferroptosis sensitivity. Selective autophagic degradation of proteins (e.g., ferritin, SLC40A1, ARNTL, GPX4, and CDH2) or organelles (e.g., lipid droplets or mitochondria) promotes ferroptosis by inducing iron overload and/or lipid peroxidation. Several upstream autophagosome regulators (e.g., TMEM164), downstream autophagy receptors (e.g., HPCAL1), or danger signals (e.g., DCN) are selectively required for ferroptosis-related autophagy, but not for starvation-induced autophagy. The induction of autophagy-dependent ferroptosis is an effective approach to eliminate drug-resistant cancer cells. Critical Issues: How different organelles selectively activate autophagy to modulate ferroptosis sensitivity is not fully understood. Identifying direct protein effectors of ferroptotic cell death remains a challenge. Future Directions: Further understanding of the molecular mechanics and immune consequences of autophagy-dependent ferroptosis is critical for the development of precision antitumor therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangquan Chen
- DAMP Laboratory, Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiutao Cai
- DAMP Laboratory, Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rui Kang
- Department of Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Jiao Liu
- DAMP Laboratory, Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Daolin Tang
- Department of Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
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35
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Li H, Lismont C, Costa CF, Hussein MAF, Baes M, Fransen M. Enhanced Levels of Peroxisome-Derived H2O2 Do Not Induce Pexophagy but Impair Autophagic Flux in HEK-293 and HeLa Cells. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12030613. [PMID: 36978861 PMCID: PMC10045779 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12030613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Peroxisomes are functionally specialized organelles that harbor multiple hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-producing and -degrading enzymes. Given that this oxidant functions as a major redox signaling agent, peroxisomes have the intrinsic ability to mediate and modulate H2O2-driven processes, including autophagy. However, it remains unclear whether changes in peroxisomal H2O2 (po-H2O2) emission impact the autophagic process and to which extent peroxisomes with a disturbed H2O2 metabolism are selectively eliminated through a process called “pexophagy”. To address these issues, we generated and validated HEK-293 and HeLa pexophagy reporter cell lines in which the production of po-H2O2 can be modulated. We demonstrate that (i) po-H2O2 can oxidatively modify multiple selective autophagy receptors and core autophagy proteins, (ii) neither modest nor robust levels of po-H2O2 emission act as a prime determinant of pexophagy, and (iii) high levels of po-H2O2 impair autophagic flux by oxidative inhibition of enzymes involved in LC3II formation. Unexpectedly, our analyses also revealed that the autophagy receptor optineurin can be recruited to peroxisomes, thereby triggering pexophagy. In summary, these findings lend support to the idea that, during cellular and organismal aging, peroxisomes with enhanced H2O2 release can escape pexophagy and downregulate autophagic activity, thereby perpetuating the accumulation of damaged and toxic cellular debris.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongli Li
- Laboratory of Peroxisome Biology and Intracellular Communication, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Celien Lismont
- Laboratory of Peroxisome Biology and Intracellular Communication, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Cláudio F. Costa
- Laboratory of Peroxisome Biology and Intracellular Communication, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mohamed A. F. Hussein
- Laboratory of Peroxisome Biology and Intracellular Communication, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Asyut 71515, Egypt
| | - Myriam Baes
- Laboratory of Cell Metabolism, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marc Fransen
- Laboratory of Peroxisome Biology and Intracellular Communication, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +32-16-330114
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36
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Vargas JNS, Hamasaki M, Kawabata T, Youle RJ, Yoshimori T. The mechanisms and roles of selective autophagy in mammals. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2023; 24:167-185. [PMID: 36302887 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-022-00542-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 189.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy is a process that targets various intracellular elements for degradation. Autophagy can be non-selective - associated with the indiscriminate engulfment of cytosolic components - occurring in response to nutrient starvation and is commonly referred to as bulk autophagy. By contrast, selective autophagy degrades specific targets, such as damaged organelles (mitophagy, lysophagy, ER-phagy, ribophagy), aggregated proteins (aggrephagy) or invading bacteria (xenophagy), thereby being importantly involved in cellular quality control. Hence, not surprisingly, aberrant selective autophagy has been associated with various human pathologies, prominently including neurodegeneration and infection. In recent years, considerable progress has been made in understanding mechanisms governing selective cargo engulfment in mammals, including the identification of ubiquitin-dependent selective autophagy receptors such as p62, NBR1, OPTN and NDP52, which can bind cargo and ubiquitin simultaneously to initiate pathways leading to autophagy initiation and membrane recruitment. This progress opens the prospects for enhancing selective autophagy pathways to boost cellular quality control capabilities and alleviate pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Norberto S Vargas
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute, University College London, London, UK
- Biochemistry Section, Surgical Neurology Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Maho Hamasaki
- Department of Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
- Department of Intracellular Membrane Dynamics, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Tsuyoshi Kawabata
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Richard J Youle
- Biochemistry Section, Surgical Neurology Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Tamotsu Yoshimori
- Department of Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
- Department of Intracellular Membrane Dynamics, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
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37
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Liu M, Liu S, Song C, Zhu H, Wu B, Zhang A, Zhao H, Wen Z, Gao J. Pre-meiotic deletion of PEX5 causes spermatogenesis failure and infertility in mice. Cell Prolif 2023; 56:e13365. [PMID: 36433756 PMCID: PMC9977671 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisomes are involved in the regulation of various pathological processes. Peroxisomal biogenesis factor 5 (PEX5), which plays an essential role in peroxisomal biogenesis, is critical for reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation. However, its underlying functions in spermatogenesis have not yet been identified. Pex5 was deleted by crossing Stra8-Cre mice with Pex5flox/flox mice before the onset of meiosis. The morphology of testes and epididymides, spermatogenesis function, and fertility in both wild type (WT) and Pex5-/- mice were analysed by haematoxylin and eosin (HE) and immunofluorescent staining. Mechanism of PEX5 affecting peroxisomes and spermatogenesis were validated by Western blot and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Transcriptome RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) was used to profile the dysregulated genes in testes from WT and Pex5-/- mice on postnatal day (P) 35. The adult Pex5 knockout male mice were completely sterile with no mature sperm production. Loss of Pex5 in spermatocytes resulted in multinucleated giant cell formation, meiotic arrest, abnormal tubulin expression, and deformed acrosome formation. Furthermore, Pex5 deletion led to delayed DNA double-strand break repair and improper crossover at the pachytene stage. Impaired peroxisome function in Pex5 knockout mice induced ROS redundancy, which in turn led to an increase in germ cell apoptosis and a decline in autophagy. Pex5 regulates ROS during meiosis and is essential for spermatogenesis and male fertility in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Liu
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Shuangyuan Liu
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Chenyang Song
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Haixia Zhu
- School of Life Science and Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Experimental Teratology, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Bin Wu
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Jinan Central Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Aizhen Zhang
- School of Life Science and Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Experimental Teratology, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Zongzhuang Wen
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Jiangang Gao
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China.,School of Life Science and Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Experimental Teratology, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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38
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Fischer S, Bürgi J, Gabay-Maskit S, Maier R, Mastalski T, Yifrach E, Obarska-Kosinska A, Rudowitz M, Erdmann R, Platta HW, Wilmanns M, Schuldiner M, Zalckvar E, Oeljeklaus S, Drepper F, Warscheid B. Phosphorylation of the receptor protein Pex5p modulates import of proteins into peroxisomes. Biol Chem 2023; 404:135-155. [PMID: 36122347 PMCID: PMC9929924 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2022-0168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Peroxisomes are organelles with vital functions in metabolism and their dysfunction is associated with human diseases. To fulfill their multiple roles, peroxisomes import nuclear-encoded matrix proteins, most carrying a peroxisomal targeting signal (PTS) 1. The receptor Pex5p recruits PTS1-proteins for import into peroxisomes; whether and how this process is posttranslationally regulated is unknown. Here, we identify 22 phosphorylation sites of Pex5p. Yeast cells expressing phospho-mimicking Pex5p-S507/523D (Pex5p2D) show decreased import of GFP with a PTS1. We show that the binding affinity between a PTS1-protein and Pex5p2D is reduced. An in vivo analysis of the effect of the phospho-mimicking mutant on PTS1-proteins revealed that import of most, but not all, cargos is affected. The physiological effect of the phosphomimetic mutations correlates with the binding affinity of the corresponding extended PTS1-sequences. Thus, we report a novel Pex5p phosphorylation-dependent mechanism for regulating PTS1-protein import into peroxisomes. In a broader view, this suggests that posttranslational modifications can function in fine-tuning the peroxisomal protein composition and, thus, cellular metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Fischer
- Biochemistry and Functional Proteomics, Institute of Biology II, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestrasse 1, D-79104Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jérôme Bürgi
- Hamburg Unit c/o DESY, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Notkestrasse 85, D-22607Hamburg, Germany
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, D-20246Hamburg, Germany
| | - Shiran Gabay-Maskit
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot7610001, Israel
| | - Renate Maier
- Biochemistry and Functional Proteomics, Institute of Biology II, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestrasse 1, D-79104Freiburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Mastalski
- Biochemistry of Intracellular Transport, Medical Faculty, Ruhr University Bochum, D-44780Bochum, Germany
| | - Eden Yifrach
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot7610001, Israel
| | - Agnieszka Obarska-Kosinska
- Hamburg Unit c/o DESY, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Notkestrasse 85, D-22607Hamburg, Germany
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, D-20246Hamburg, Germany
| | - Markus Rudowitz
- Systems Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Ruhr-University Bochum, D-44780Bochum, Germany
| | - Ralf Erdmann
- Systems Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Ruhr-University Bochum, D-44780Bochum, Germany
| | - Harald W. Platta
- Biochemistry of Intracellular Transport, Medical Faculty, Ruhr University Bochum, D-44780Bochum, Germany
| | - Matthias Wilmanns
- Hamburg Unit c/o DESY, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Notkestrasse 85, D-22607Hamburg, Germany
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, D-20246Hamburg, Germany
| | - Maya Schuldiner
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot7610001, Israel
| | - Einat Zalckvar
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot7610001, Israel
| | - Silke Oeljeklaus
- Biochemistry and Functional Proteomics, Institute of Biology II, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestrasse 1, D-79104Freiburg, Germany
- Biochemistry II, Theodor Boveri-Institute, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Friedel Drepper
- Biochemistry and Functional Proteomics, Institute of Biology II, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestrasse 1, D-79104Freiburg, Germany
| | - Bettina Warscheid
- Biochemistry and Functional Proteomics, Institute of Biology II, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestrasse 1, D-79104Freiburg, Germany
- Biochemistry II, Theodor Boveri-Institute, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074, Würzburg, Germany
- Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS, University of Freiburg, D-79104Freiburg, Germany
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39
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CRISPR metabolic screen identifies ATM and KEAP1 as targetable genetic vulnerabilities in solid tumors. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2212072120. [PMID: 36724254 PMCID: PMC9963842 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2212072120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer treatments targeting DNA repair deficiencies often encounter drug resistance, possibly due to alternative metabolic pathways that counteract the most damaging effects. To identify such alternative pathways, we screened for metabolic pathways exhibiting synthetic lethality with inhibition of the DNA damage response kinase Ataxia-telangiectasia-mutated (ATM) using a metabolism-centered Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9 library. Our data revealed Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (KEAP1) as a key factor involved in desensitizing cancer cells to ATM inhibition both in vitro and in vivo. Cells depleted of KEAP1 exhibited an aberrant overexpression of the cystine transporter SLC7A11, robustly accumulated cystine inducing disulfide stress, and became hypersensitive to ATM inhibition. These hallmarks were reversed in a reducing cellular environment indicating that disulfide stress was a crucial factor. In The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) pan-cancer datasets, we found that ATM levels negatively correlated with KEAP1 levels across multiple solid malignancies. Together, our results unveil ATM and KEAP1 as new targetable vulnerabilities in solid tumors.
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40
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Akhter D, Zhang Y, Hu J, Pan R. Protein ubiquitination in plant peroxisomes. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 65:371-380. [PMID: 35975710 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Protein ubiquitination regulates diverse cellular processes in eukaryotic organisms, from growth and development to stress response. Proteins subjected to ubiquitination can be found in virtually all subcellular locations and organelles, including peroxisomes, single-membrane and highly dynamic organelles ubiquitous in eukaryotes. Peroxisomes contain metabolic functions essential to plants and animals such as lipid catabolism, detoxification of reactive oxygen species (ROS), biosynthesis of vital hormones and cofactors, and photorespiration. Plant peroxisomes possess a complex proteome with functions varying among different tissue types and developmental stages, and during plant response to distinct environmental cues. However, how these diverse functions are regulated at the post-translational level is poorly understood, especially in plants. In this review, we summarized current knowledge of the involvement of protein ubiquitination in peroxisome protein import, remodeling, pexophagy, and metabolism, focusing on plants, and referencing discoveries from other eukaryotic systems when relevant. Based on previous ubiquitinomics studies, we compiled a list of 56 ubiquitinated Arabidopsis peroxisomal proteins whose functions are associated with all the major plant peroxisomal metabolic pathways. This discovery suggests a broad impact of protein ubiquitination on plant peroxisome functions, therefore substantiating the need to investigate this significant regulatory mechanism in peroxisomes at more depths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delara Akhter
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology & ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058/311200, China
- Zhejiang Laboratory, Hangzhou, 311121, China
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet, 3100, Bangladesh
| | - Yuchan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology & ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058/311200, China
- Zhejiang Laboratory, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Jianping Hu
- Department of Energy Plant Research Laboratory and Plant Biology Department, Michigan State University, East Lansing,, Michigan, USA
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing,, Michigan, USA
| | - Ronghui Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology & ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058/311200, China
- Zhejiang Laboratory, Hangzhou, 311121, China
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41
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Hasan KMM, Haque MA. Autophagy and Its Lineage-Specific Roles in the Hematopoietic System. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2023; 2023:8257217. [PMID: 37180758 PMCID: PMC10171987 DOI: 10.1155/2023/8257217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is a dynamic process that regulates the selective and nonselective degradation of cytoplasmic components, such as damaged organelles and protein aggregates inside lysosomes to maintain tissue homeostasis. Different types of autophagy including macroautophagy, microautophagy, and chaperon-mediated autophagy (CMA) have been implicated in a variety of pathological conditions, such as cancer, aging, neurodegeneration, and developmental disorders. Furthermore, the molecular mechanism and biological functions of autophagy have been extensively studied in vertebrate hematopoiesis and human blood malignancies. In recent years, the hematopoietic lineage-specific roles of different autophagy-related (ATG) genes have gained more attention. The evolution of gene-editing technology and the easy access nature of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), hematopoietic progenitors, and precursor cells have facilitated the autophagy research to better understand how ATG genes function in the hematopoietic system. Taking advantage of the gene-editing platform, this review has summarized the roles of different ATGs at the hematopoietic cell level, their dysregulation, and pathological consequences throughout hematopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazi Md Mahmudul Hasan
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Islamic University, Kushtia 7003, Bangladesh
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, The University of California, 710 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Md Anwarul Haque
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Islamic University, Kushtia 7003, Bangladesh
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42
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Demers ND, Riccio V, Jo DS, Bhandari S, Law KB, Liao W, Kim C, McQuibban GA, Choe SK, Cho DH, Kim PK. PEX13 prevents pexophagy by regulating ubiquitinated PEX5 and peroxisomal ROS. Autophagy 2023:1-22. [PMID: 36541703 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2022.2160566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisomes are rapidly degraded during amino acid and oxygen deprivation by a type of selective autophagy called pexophagy. However, how damaged peroxisomes are detected and removed from the cell is poorly understood. Recent studies suggest that the peroxisomal matrix protein import machinery may serve double duty as a quality control machinery, where they are directly involved in activating pexophagy. Here, we explored whether any matrix import factors are required to prevent pexophagy, such that their loss designates peroxisomes for degradation. Using gene editing and quantitative fluorescence microscopy on culture cells and a zebrafish model system, we found that PEX13, a component of the peroxisomal matrix import system, is required to prevent the degradation of otherwise healthy peroxisomes. The loss of PEX13 caused an accumulation of ubiquitinated PEX5 on peroxisomes and an increase in peroxisome-dependent reactive oxygen species that coalesce to induce pexophagy. We also found that PEX13 protein level is downregulated to aid in the induction of pexophagy during amino acid starvation. Together, our study points to PEX13 as a novel pexophagy regulator that is modulated to maintain peroxisome homeostasis.Abbreviations: AAA ATPases: ATPases associated with diverse cellular activities; ABCD3: ATP binding cassette subfamily D member; 3ACOX1: acyl-CoA oxidase; 1ACTA1: actin alpha 1, skeletal muscle; ACTB: actin beta; ATG5: autophagy related 5; ATG7: autophagy related 7; ATG12: autophagy related 12; ATG16L1: autophagy related 16 like 1; CAT: catalase; CQ: chloroquine; Dpf: days post fertilization: FBS: fetal bovine serum; GAPDH: glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; GFP: green fluorescent protein; H2O2: hydrogen peroxide; HA - human influenza hemagglutinin; HBSS: Hanks' Balanced Salt Solution; HCQ; hydroxychloroquine; KANL: lysine alanine asparagine leucine; KO: knockout; MAP1LC3B: microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta; MEF: mouse embryonic fibroblast; MTOR: mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase; MTORC1: mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase complex 1; MTORC2: mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase complex 2; MYC: MYC proto-oncogene, bHLH transcription factor; MZ: maternal and zygotic; NAC: N-acetyl cysteine; NBR1 - NBR1 autophagy cargo receptor; PBD: peroxisome biogenesis disorder; PBS: phosphate-buffered saline; PEX: peroxisomal biogenesis factor; PTS1: peroxisome targeting sequence 1; RFP: red fluorescent protein; ROS: reactive oxygen speciess; iRNA: short interfering RNA; SKL: serine lysine leucine; SLC25A17/PMP34: solute carrier family 25 member 17; Ub: ubiquitin; USP30: ubiquitin specific peptidase 30.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas D Demers
- Cell Biology Program, Hospital for Sick Children, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Victoria Riccio
- Cell Biology Program, Hospital for Sick Children, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Doo Sin Jo
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 Four Knu Creative BioResearch Group Kyungpook National University, Republic of Korea
| | - Sushil Bhandari
- Department of Microbiology, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Iksan, Republic of Korea
| | - Kelsey B Law
- Cell Biology Program, Hospital for Sick Children, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Weifang Liao
- Department of Microbiology, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Iksan, Republic of Korea
| | - Choy Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Iksan, Republic of Korea
| | - G Angus McQuibban
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Seong-Kyu Choe
- Department of Microbiology, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Iksan, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Hyung Cho
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 Four Knu Creative BioResearch Group Kyungpook National University, Republic of Korea
| | - Peter K Kim
- Cell Biology Program, Hospital for Sick Children, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, South Korea
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43
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Bednarczyk M, Kociszewska K, Grosicka O, Grosicki S. The role of autophagy in acute myeloid leukemia development. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2023; 23:5-18. [PMID: 36563329 DOI: 10.1080/14737140.2023.2161518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Autophagy is a highly conservative self-degradative process. It aims at elimination-impaired proteins and cellular organelles. Previous research confirmed the autophagy role in cancer pathogenesis. AREAS COVERED This article discusses the role of autophagy in the development of AML. Autophagy seems to be a 'double-sword' mechanism, hence, either its suppression or induction could promote neoplasm growth. This mechanism could also be the aim of the 'molecular targeted therapy.' Chemo- and radiotherapy induce cellular stress in neoplasm cells with subsequent autophagy suppression. Simultaneously, it is claimed that the autophagy suppression increases chemosensitivity 'in neoplastic cells. Some agents, like bortezomib, in turn could promote autophagy process, e.g. in AML (acute myeloid leukemia). However, currently there are not many studies focusing on the role of autophagy in patients suffering for AML. In this review, we summarize the research done so far on the role of autophagy in the development of AML. EXPERT OPINION The analysis of autophagy genes expression profiling in AML could be a relevant factor in the diagnostic process and treatment 'individualization.' Autophagy modulation seems to be a relevant target in the oncological therapy - it could limit disease progression and increase the effectiveness of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martyna Bednarczyk
- Department of Hematology and Cancer Prevention, School of Public Health in Bytom, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
| | - Karolina Kociszewska
- Department of Hematology and Cancer Prevention, School of Public Health in Bytom, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
| | | | - Sebastian Grosicki
- Department of Hematology and Cancer Prevention, School of Public Health in Bytom, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
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Wanders RJA, Baes M, Ribeiro D, Ferdinandusse S, Waterham HR. The physiological functions of human peroxisomes. Physiol Rev 2023; 103:957-1024. [PMID: 35951481 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00051.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Peroxisomes are subcellular organelles that play a central role in human physiology by catalyzing a range of unique metabolic functions. The importance of peroxisomes for human health is exemplified by the existence of a group of usually severe diseases caused by an impairment in one or more peroxisomal functions. Among others these include the Zellweger spectrum disorders, X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy, and Refsum disease. To fulfill their role in metabolism, peroxisomes require continued interaction with other subcellular organelles including lipid droplets, lysosomes, the endoplasmic reticulum, and mitochondria. In recent years it has become clear that the metabolic alliance between peroxisomes and other organelles requires the active participation of tethering proteins to bring the organelles physically closer together, thereby achieving efficient transfer of metabolites. This review intends to describe the current state of knowledge about the metabolic role of peroxisomes in humans, with particular emphasis on the metabolic partnership between peroxisomes and other organelles and the consequences of genetic defects in these processes. We also describe the biogenesis of peroxisomes and the consequences of the multiple genetic defects therein. In addition, we discuss the functional role of peroxisomes in different organs and tissues and include relevant information derived from model systems, notably peroxisomal mouse models. Finally, we pay particular attention to a hitherto underrated role of peroxisomes in viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald J A Wanders
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Pediatrics, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,United for Metabolic Diseases, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Myriam Baes
- Laboratory of Cell Metabolism, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Daniela Ribeiro
- Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED) and Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Sacha Ferdinandusse
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,United for Metabolic Diseases, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hans R Waterham
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Pediatrics, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,United for Metabolic Diseases, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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45
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Liang JR, Corn JE. A CRISPR view on autophagy. Trends Cell Biol 2022; 32:1008-1022. [PMID: 35581059 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2022.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is a fundamental pathway for the degradation of cytoplasmic content in response to pleiotropic extracellular and intracellular stimuli. Recent advances in the autophagy field have demonstrated that different organelles can also be specifically targeted for autophagy with broad implications on cellular and organismal health. This opens new dimensions in the autophagy field and more unanswered questions on the rationale and underlying mechanisms to degrade different organelles. Functional genomics via clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-Cas9-based screening has gained popularity in the autophagy field to understand the common and unique factors that are implicated in the signaling, recognition, and execution of different cargo-specific autophagies. We focus on recent applications of CRISPR-based screens in the autophagy field, their discoveries, and the future directions of autophagy screens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Rui Liang
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, ETH Zürich, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland; Medical Research Council, Protein Phosphorylation & Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK.
| | - Jacob E Corn
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, ETH Zürich, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland.
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46
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Rusilowicz-Jones EV, Brazel AJ, Frigenti F, Urbé S, Clague MJ. Membrane compartmentalisation of the ubiquitin system. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2022; 132:171-184. [PMID: 34895815 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2021.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
We now have a comprehensive inventory of ubiquitin system components. Understanding of any system also needs an appreciation of how components are organised together. Quantitative proteomics has provided us with a census of their relative populations in several model cell types. Here, by examining large scale unbiased data sets, we seek to identify and map those components, which principally reside on the major organelles of the endomembrane system. We present the consensus distribution of > 50 ubiquitin modifying enzymes, E2s, E3s and DUBs, that possess transmembrane domains. This analysis reveals that the ER and endosomal compartments have a diverse cast of resident E3s, whilst the Golgi and mitochondria operate with a more restricted palette. We describe key functions of ubiquitylation that are specific to each compartment and relate this to their signature complement of ubiquitin modifying components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma V Rusilowicz-Jones
- Dept. of Molecular Physiology and Cell Signaling, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK
| | - Ailbhe J Brazel
- Dept. of Molecular Physiology and Cell Signaling, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK; Department of Biology, Maynooth University, Maynooth W23 F2K6, Ireland
| | - Francesca Frigenti
- Dept. of Molecular Physiology and Cell Signaling, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK
| | - Sylvie Urbé
- Dept. of Molecular Physiology and Cell Signaling, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK.
| | - Michael J Clague
- Dept. of Molecular Physiology and Cell Signaling, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK.
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47
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Bittner E, Stehlik T, Freitag J. Sharing the wealth: The versatility of proteins targeted to peroxisomes and other organelles. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:934331. [PMID: 36225313 PMCID: PMC9549241 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.934331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisomes are eukaryotic organelles with critical functions in cellular energy and lipid metabolism. Depending on the organism, cell type, and developmental stage, they are involved in numerous other metabolic and regulatory pathways. Many peroxisomal functions require factors also relevant to other cellular compartments. Here, we review proteins shared by peroxisomes and at least one different site within the cell. We discuss the mechanisms to achieve dual targeting, their regulation, and functional consequences. Characterization of dual targeting is fundamental to understand how peroxisomes are integrated into the metabolic and regulatory circuits of eukaryotic cells.
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48
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Kim YH, Jo DS, Park NY, Bae JE, Kim JB, Lee HJ, Kim SH, Kim SH, Lee S, Son M, Park K, Jeong K, Yeom E, Cho DH. Inhibition of BRD4 Promotes Pexophagy by Increasing ROS and ATM Activation. Cells 2022; 11:cells11182839. [PMID: 36139416 PMCID: PMC9497081 DOI: 10.3390/cells11182839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Although autophagy regulates the quality and quantity of cellular compartments, the regulatory mechanisms underlying peroxisomal autophagy (pexophagy) remain largely unknown. In this study, we identified several BRD4 inhibitors, including molibresib, a novel pexophagy inducer, via chemical library screening. Treatment with molibresib promotes loss of peroxisomes selectively, but not mitochondria, ER, or Golgi apparatus in HeLa cells. Consistently, depletion of BRD4 expression also induced pexophagy in RPE cells. In addition, the inhibition of BRD4 by molibresib increased autophagic degradation of peroxisome ATG7-dependency. We further found that molibresib produced reactive oxygen species (ROS), which potentiates ATM activation. Inhibition of ROS or ATM suppressed the loss of peroxisomes in molibresib-treated cells. Taken together, our data suggest that inhibition of BRD4 promotes pexophagy by increasing ROS and ATM activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Hwan Kim
- BK21 FOUR KNU Creative BioResearch Group, School of Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
| | - Doo Sin Jo
- BK21 FOUR KNU Creative BioResearch Group, School of Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
| | - Na Yeon Park
- BK21 FOUR KNU Creative BioResearch Group, School of Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
| | - Ji-Eun Bae
- Brain Science and Engineering Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
| | - Joon Bum Kim
- BK21 FOUR KNU Creative BioResearch Group, School of Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
| | - Ha Jung Lee
- BK21 FOUR KNU Creative BioResearch Group, School of Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
| | - So Hyun Kim
- BK21 FOUR KNU Creative BioResearch Group, School of Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
| | - Seong Hyun Kim
- BK21 FOUR KNU Creative BioResearch Group, School of Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
| | - Sunwoo Lee
- BK21 FOUR KNU Creative BioResearch Group, School of Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
| | - Mikyung Son
- Orgasis Corp., Suwon 16229, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Kyuhee Park
- Bio-Center, Gyeonggido Business & Science Accelerator, Suwon 16229, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Kwiwan Jeong
- Bio-Center, Gyeonggido Business & Science Accelerator, Suwon 16229, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Eunbyul Yeom
- BK21 FOUR KNU Creative BioResearch Group, School of Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
| | - Dong-Hyung Cho
- BK21 FOUR KNU Creative BioResearch Group, School of Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
- Orgasis Corp., Suwon 16229, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-53-950-5382
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Muhammad D, Smith KA, Bartel B. Plant peroxisome proteostasis-establishing, renovating, and dismantling the peroxisomal proteome. Essays Biochem 2022; 66:229-242. [PMID: 35538741 PMCID: PMC9375579 DOI: 10.1042/ebc20210059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Plant peroxisomes host critical metabolic reactions and insulate the rest of the cell from reactive byproducts. The specialization of peroxisomal reactions is rooted in how the organelle modulates its proteome to be suitable for the tissue, environment, and developmental stage of the organism. The story of plant peroxisomal proteostasis begins with transcriptional regulation of peroxisomal protein genes and the synthesis, trafficking, import, and folding of peroxisomal proteins. The saga continues with assembly and disaggregation by chaperones and degradation via proteases or the proteasome. The story concludes with organelle recycling via autophagy. Some of these processes as well as the proteins that facilitate them are peroxisome-specific, while others are shared among organelles. Our understanding of translational regulation of plant peroxisomal protein transcripts and proteins necessary for pexophagy remain based in findings from other models. Recent strides to elucidate transcriptional control, membrane dynamics, protein trafficking, and conditions that induce peroxisome turnover have expanded our knowledge of plant peroxisomal proteostasis. Here we review our current understanding of the processes and proteins necessary for plant peroxisome proteostasis-the emergence, maintenance, and clearance of the peroxisomal proteome.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kathryn A Smith
- Department of BioSciences, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, U.S.A
| | - Bonnie Bartel
- Department of BioSciences, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, U.S.A
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50
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Autophagy-Associated Immunogenic Modulation and Its Applications in Cancer Therapy. Cells 2022; 11:cells11152324. [PMID: 35954167 PMCID: PMC9367255 DOI: 10.3390/cells11152324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy, a lysosome-mediated cellular degradation pathway, recycles intracellular components to maintain metabolic balance and survival. Autophagy plays an important role in tumor immunotherapy as a “double-edged sword” that can both promote and inhibit tumor progression. Autophagy acts on innate and adaptive immunity and interacts with immune cells to modulate tumor immunotherapy. The discovery of autophagy inducers and autophagy inhibitors also provides new insights for clinical anti-tumor therapy. However, there are also difficulties in the application of autophagy-related regulators, such as low bioavailability and the lack of efficient selectivity. This review focuses on autophagy-related immunogenic regulation and its application in cancer therapy.
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