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Xu D, Chen X, Wu M, Bi J, Xue H, Chen H. Identification of cellular senescence-associated genes as new biomarkers for predicting the prognosis and immunotherapy response of non-small cell lung cancer and construction of a prognostic model. Heliyon 2024; 10:e28278. [PMID: 38560217 PMCID: PMC10981052 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Globally, lung carcinoma remains the leading cause of death, with its associated morbidity and mortality rates remaining elevated. Despite the slow advancement of treatment, the outlook remains bleak. Cellular senescence represents a halt in the cell cycle, encompassing a range of physiological and pathological activities, along with diverse phenotypic alterations, including variations in secretory phenotype, macromolecular harm, and metabolic disturbances. Research has revealed its vital function in the formation and growth of tumors. This study aimed to examine cellular senescence-related mRNAs linked to the outlook of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and to formulate a predictive risk framework for NSCLC. Methods We acquired the NSCLC expression data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) to examine mRNAs linked to cellular senescence. Both single-variable and multiple-variable cox proportion risk assessments were utilized to determine the traits of cellular senescence-related mRNAs linked to NSCLC prognosis. Subsequently, the prognostic model for cellular senescence-related mRNAs was integrated with clinical-pathological characteristics to create a prognostic nomogram. Furthermore, the study delved into the risk-oriented predictive model, examining immune infiltration and responses to immunotherapy among both high and low-risk categories. Results Utilizing both univariate and multivariate Cox proportion risk assessments, a risk model comprising 12 mRNAs associated with cellular aging was ultimately developed: IGFBP1, TLR3, WT1, ID1, PTTG1, ERRFI1, HEPACAM, MAP2K3, RAD21, NANOG, PRKCD, SOX5. Univariate analysis and multivariate analysis illustrated that the risk score served as a standalone indicator for prognosis, and the hazard ratio (HR) of the risk score were 1.182 (1.139-1.226) (p < 0.001) and 1.162 (1.119 - 1.206) (p < 0.001), respectively. Individual prognoses were forecasted using nomogram, c-index, and principal component analysis (PCA). Furthermore, the risk-oriented model revealed notable statistical variances in immune infiltration and response to immunotherapy among the high and low risk categories. Conclusions This study shows that mRNAs related to cell senescence associated with prognosis are reliable predictors of NSCLC immunotherapy reaction and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Xu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Department of Geriatric Respiratory Medicine, Heilongjiang Provincial Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Xiao Chen
- Department of Geriatric Respiratory Medicine, Heilongjiang Provincial Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Mingyuan Wu
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Songbei District, Harbin, China
| | - Jinfeng Bi
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Hua Xue
- Department of Geriatric Respiratory Medicine, Heilongjiang Provincial Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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2
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Yang W, Rubin JB. Treating sex and gender differences as a continuous variable can improve precision cancer treatments. Biol Sex Differ 2024; 15:35. [PMID: 38622740 PMCID: PMC11017567 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-024-00607-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The significant sex and gender differences that exist in cancer mechanisms, incidence, and survival, have yet to impact clinical practice. One barrier to translation is that cancer phenotypes cannot be segregated into distinct male versus female categories. Instead, within this convenient but contrived dichotomy, male and female cancer phenotypes are highly overlapping and vary between female- and male- skewed extremes. Thus, sex and gender-specific treatments are unrealistic, and our translational goal should be adaptation of treatment to the variable effects of sex and gender on targetable pathways. METHODS To overcome this obstacle, we profiled the similarities in 8370 transcriptomes of 26 different adult and 4 different pediatric cancer types. We calculated the posterior probabilities of predicting patient sex and gender based on the observed sexes of similar samples in this map of transcriptome similarity. RESULTS Transcriptomic index (TI) values were derived from posterior probabilities and allowed us to identify poles with local enrichments for male or female transcriptomes. TI supported deconvolution of transcriptomes into measures of patient-specific activity in sex and gender-biased, targetable pathways. It identified sex and gender-skewed extremes in mechanistic phenotypes like cell cycle signaling and immunity, and precisely positioned each patient's whole transcriptome on an axis of continuously varying sex and gender phenotypes. CONCLUSIONS Cancer type, patient sex and gender, and TI value provides a novel and patient- specific mechanistic identifier that can be used for realistic sex and gender-adaptations of precision cancer treatment planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yang
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Joshua B Rubin
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
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3
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Ruprecht NA, Singhal S, Schaefer K, Panda O, Sens D, Singhal SK. A Review: Multi-Omics Approach to Studying the Association between Ionizing Radiation Effects on Biological Aging. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:98. [PMID: 38392316 PMCID: PMC10886797 DOI: 10.3390/biology13020098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Multi-omics studies have emerged as powerful tools for tailoring individualized responses to various conditions, capitalizing on genome sequencing technologies' increasing affordability and efficiency. This paper delves into the potential of multi-omics in deepening our understanding of biological age, examining the techniques available in light of evolving technology and computational models. The primary objective is to review the relationship between ionizing radiation and biological age, exploring a wide array of functional, physiological, and psychological parameters. This comprehensive review draws upon an extensive range of sources, including peer-reviewed journal articles, government documents, and reputable websites. The literature review spans from fundamental insights into radiation effects to the latest developments in aging research. Ionizing radiation exerts its influence through direct mechanisms, notably single- and double-strand DNA breaks and cross links, along with other critical cellular events. The cumulative impact of DNA damage forms the foundation for the intricate process of natural aging, intersecting with numerous diseases and pivotal biomarkers. Furthermore, there is a resurgence of interest in ionizing radiation research from various organizations and countries, reinvigorating its importance as a key contributor to the study of biological age. Biological age serves as a vital reference point for the monitoring and mitigation of the effects of various stressors, including ionizing radiation. Ionizing radiation emerges as a potent candidate for modeling the separation of biological age from chronological age, offering a promising avenue for tailoring protocols across diverse fields, including the rigorous demands of space exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan A Ruprecht
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA
| | - Sonalika Singhal
- Department of Pathology, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA
| | - Kalli Schaefer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA
| | - Om Panda
- Department of Public Health, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Donald Sens
- Department of Pathology, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA
| | - Sandeep K Singhal
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA
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4
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Liu HL, Peng H, Huang CH, Zhou HY, Ge J. Mutational separation and clinical outcomes of TP53 and CDH1 in gastric cancer. World J Gastrointest Surg 2023; 15:2855-2865. [PMID: 38222005 PMCID: PMC10784822 DOI: 10.4240/wjgs.v15.i12.2855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastric cancer (GC) is a deadly tumor with the fifth highest occurrence and highest global mortality rates. Owing to its heterogeneity, the underlying mechanism of GC remains unclear, and chemotherapy offers little benefit to individuals. AIM To investigate the clinical outcomes of TP53 and CDH1 mutations in GC. METHODS In this study, 202 gastric adenocarcinoma tumor tissues and their corresponding normal tissues were collected. A total of 490 genes were identified using target capture. Through t-test and Wilcoxon rank-sum test, somatic mutations, microsatellite instability, and clinical statistics, including overall survival, were detected, compared, and calculated. RESULTS The mutation rates of 32 genes, including TP53, SPEN, FAT1, and CDH1 exceeded 10%. TP53 mutations had a slightly lower overall occurrence rate (33%). The TP53 mutation rate was significantly higher in advanced stages (stage III/IV) than that in early stages (stage I/II) (P < 0.05). In contrast, CDH1 mutations were significantly associated with diffuse GC. TP53 is related to poor prognosis of advanced-stage tumors; nevertheless, CDH1 corresponds to a diffuse type of cancer. TP53 is exclusively mutated in CDH1 and is primarily affected by two distinct GC mechanisms. CONCLUSION Different somatic mutation patterns in TP53 and CDH1 indicate two major mechanisms of GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- He-Li Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan Province, China
| | - Huan Peng
- Clinical Nursing Teaching and Research Section, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan Province, China
| | - Chang-Hao Huang
- Teaching and Research Section of Clinical Nursing, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan Province, China
| | - Hai-Yan Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan Province, China
| | - Jie Ge
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan Province, China
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Hahn MW, Peña-Garcia Y, Wang RJ. The 'faulty male' hypothesis for sex-biased mutation and disease. Curr Biol 2023; 33:R1166-R1172. [PMID: 37989088 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2023.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Biological differences between males and females lead to many differences in physiology, disease, and overall health. One of the most prominent disparities is in the number of germline mutations passed to offspring: human males transmit three times as many mutations as do females. While the classic explanation for this pattern invokes differences in post-puberty germline replication between the sexes, recent whole-genome evidence in humans and other mammals has cast doubt on this mechanism. Here, we review recent work that is inconsistent with a replication-driven model of male-biased mutation, and propose an alternative, 'faulty male' hypothesis. This model proposes that males are less able to repair and/or protect DNA from damage compared to females. Importantly, we suggest that this new model for male-biased mutation may also help to explain several pronounced differences between the sexes in cancer, aging, and DNA repair. Although the detailed contributions of genetic, epigenetic, and hormonal influences of biological sex on mutation remain to be fully understood, a reconsideration of the mechanisms underlying these differences will lead to a deeper understanding of evolution and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew W Hahn
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, 1001 E. 3(rd) Street, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA; Department of Computer Science, 700 N. Woodlawn Avenue, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA.
| | - Yadira Peña-Garcia
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, 1001 E. 3(rd) Street, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Richard J Wang
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, 1001 E. 3(rd) Street, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA; Department of Computer Science, 700 N. Woodlawn Avenue, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
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Vera CD, López AR, Ewaneewane AS, Lewis K, Parmisano S, Mondejar-Parreño G, Upadhyaya C, Mullen M. Disparities in cardio-oncology: Implication of angiogenesis, inflammation, and chemotherapy. Life Sci 2023; 332:122106. [PMID: 37730108 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Cancers and cardiovascular diseases are the top two causes of death in the United States. Over the past decades, novel therapies have slowed the cancer mortality rate, yet cardiac failures have risen due to the toxicity of cancer treatments. The mechanisms behind this relationship are poorly understood and it is crucial that we properly treat patients at risk of developing cardiac failure in response to cancer treatments. Currently, we rely on early-stage biomarkers of inflammation and angiogenesis to detect cardiotoxicity before it becomes irreversible. Identification of such biomarkers allows healthcare professionals to decrease the adverse effects of cancer therapies. Angiogenesis and inflammation have a systemic influence on the heart and vasculature following cancer therapy. In the field of cardio-oncology, there has been a recent emphasis on gender and racial disparities in cardiotoxicity and the impact of these disparities on disease outcomes, but there is a scarcity of data on how cardiotoxicity varies across diverse populations. Here, we will discuss how current markers of angiogenesis and inflammation induced by cancer therapy are related to disparities in cardiovascular health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos D Vera
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Agustín Rodríguez López
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; University of Puerto Rico Medical Science Campus, Rio Piedras, PR, USA
| | - Alex S Ewaneewane
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Kasey Lewis
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, USA
| | - Sophia Parmisano
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | | | - McKay Mullen
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
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Lazebnik T, Simon-Keren L. Cancer-inspired genomics mapper model for the generation of synthetic DNA sequences with desired genomics signatures. Comput Biol Med 2023; 164:107221. [PMID: 37478715 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2023.107221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
Genome data are crucial in modern medicine, offering significant potential for diagnosis and treatment. Thanks to technological advancements, many millions of healthy and diseased genomes have already been sequenced; however, obtaining the most suitable data for a specific study, and specifically for validation studies, remains challenging with respect to scale and access. Therefore, in silico genomics sequence generators have been proposed as a possible solution. However, the current generators produce inferior data using mostly shallow (stochastic) connections, detected with limited computational complexity in the training data. This means they do not take the appropriate biological relations and constraints, that originally caused the observed connections, into consideration. To address this issue, we propose cancer-inspired genomics mapper model (CGMM), that combines genetic algorithm (GA) and deep learning (DL) methods to tackle this challenge. CGMM mimics processes that generate genetic variations and mutations to transform readily available control genomes into genomes with the desired phenotypes. We demonstrate that CGMM can generate synthetic genomes of selected phenotypes such as ancestry and cancer that are indistinguishable from real genomes of such phenotypes, based on unsupervised clustering. Our results show that CGMM outperforms four current state-of-the-art genomics generators on two different tasks, suggesting that CGMM will be suitable for a wide range of purposes in genomic medicine, especially for much-needed validation studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teddy Lazebnik
- Department of Cancer Biology, Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK.
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8
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Yu W, Gargett T, Du Z. A Poisson distribution-based general model of cancer rates and a cancer risk-dependent theory of aging. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 15:8537-8551. [PMID: 37659107 PMCID: PMC10522393 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023]
Abstract
This article presents a formula for modeling the lifetime incidence of cancer in humans. The formula utilizes a Poisson distribution-based "np" model to predict cancer incidence, with "n" representing the effective number of cell turnover and "p" representing the probability of single-cell transformation. The model accurately predicts the observed incidence of cancer in humans when a reduction in cell turnover due to aging is taken into account. The model also suggests that cancer development is ultimately inevitable. The article proposes a theory of aging based on this concept, called the "np" theory. According to this theory, an organism maintains its order by balancing cellular entropy through continuous proliferation. However, cellular "information entropy" in the form of accumulated DNA mutations increases irreversibly over time, restricting the total number of cells an organism can generate throughout its lifetime. When cell division slows down and fails to compensate for the increased entropy in the system, aging occurs. Essentially, aging is the phenomenon of running out of predetermined cell resources. Different species have evolved separate strategies to utilize their limited cell resources throughout their life cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbo Yu
- Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Cancer Clinical Trials Unit, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- School of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Tessa Gargett
- Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Cancer Clinical Trials Unit, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- School of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Zhenglong Du
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Science, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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Yang W, Rubin JB. Accounting for sex differences as a continuous variable in cancer treatments. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-3120372. [PMID: 37461646 PMCID: PMC10350164 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3120372/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
The significant sex differences that exist in cancer mechanisms, incidence, and survival, have yet to impact clinical practice. We propose that one barrier to translation is that sex differences in cancer phenotypes resemble sex differences in height: highly overlapping, but distinct, male and female population distributions that vary continuously between female- and male- skewed extremes. A consequence of this variance is that sex-specific treatments are rendered unrealistic, and our translational goal should be adaptation of treatment to the variable sex-effect on targetable pathways. To develop a tool that could advance this goal, we applied a Bayesian Nearest Neighbor (BNN) analysis to 8370 cancer transcriptomes from 26 different adult and 4 different pediatric cancer types to establish patient-specific Transcriptomic Indices (TI). TI precisely positions a patient's whole transcriptome on axes of mechanistic phenotypes like cell cycle signaling and immunity that exhibit skewing in the cancer population relative to sex-identified extremes (poles). Importantly, the TI approach reveals that even when TI values are identical, underlying mechanisms in male and female individuals can differ in identifiable ways. Thus, cancer type, patient sex, and TI value provides a novel and patient- specific mechanistic identifier that can be used for precision cancer treatment planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yang
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Joshua B Rubin
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
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10
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Zhou X, Cao J, Zhu L, Farrell K, Wang M, Guo L, Yang J, McKenzie A, Crary JF, Cai D, Tu Z, Zhang B. Molecular differences in brain regional vulnerability to aging between males and females. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1153251. [PMID: 37284017 PMCID: PMC10239962 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1153251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Aging-related cognitive decline is associated with brain structural changes and synaptic loss. However, the molecular mechanisms of cognitive decline during normal aging remain elusive. Results Using the GTEx transcriptomic data from 13 brain regions, we identified aging-associated molecular alterations and cell-type compositions in males and females. We further constructed gene co-expression networks and identified aging-associated modules and key regulators shared by both sexes or specific to males or females. A few brain regions such as the hippocampus and the hypothalamus show specific vulnerability in males, while the cerebellar hemisphere and the anterior cingulate cortex regions manifest greater vulnerability in females than in males. Immune response genes are positively correlated with age, whereas those involved in neurogenesis are negatively correlated with age. Aging-associated genes identified in the hippocampus and the frontal cortex are significantly enriched for gene signatures implicated in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis. In the hippocampus, a male-specific co-expression module is driven by key synaptic signaling regulators including VSNL1, INA, CHN1 and KCNH1; while in the cortex, a female-specific module is associated with neuron projection morphogenesis, which is driven by key regulators including SRPK2, REPS2 and FXYD1. In the cerebellar hemisphere, a myelination-associated module shared by males and females is driven by key regulators such as MOG, ENPP2, MYRF, ANLN, MAG and PLP1, which have been implicated in the development of AD and other neurodegenerative diseases. Conclusions This integrative network biology study systematically identifies molecular signatures and networks underlying brain regional vulnerability to aging in males and females. The findings pave the way for understanding the molecular mechanisms of gender differences in developing neurodegenerative diseases such as AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianxiao Zhou
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- Mount Sinai Center for Transformative Disease Modeling, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Jiqing Cao
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- Research & Development, James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Li Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- Research & Development, James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Kurt Farrell
- Neuropathology Brain Bank & Research CoRE, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Minghui Wang
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- Mount Sinai Center for Transformative Disease Modeling, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Lei Guo
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- Mount Sinai Center for Transformative Disease Modeling, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Jialiang Yang
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Andrew McKenzie
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - John F. Crary
- Neuropathology Brain Bank & Research CoRE, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Dongming Cai
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- Research & Development, James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY, United States
- Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer’s Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Zhidong Tu
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- Mount Sinai Center for Transformative Disease Modeling, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
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11
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Ruprecht NA, Singhal S, Schaefer K, Gill JS, Bansal B, Sens D, Singhal SK. Establishing a genomic radiation-age association for space exploration supplements lung disease differentiation. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1161124. [PMID: 37250098 PMCID: PMC10213902 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1161124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose One possible way to quantify each individual's response or damage from ionizing radiation is to estimate their accelerated biological age following exposure. Since there is currently no definitive way to know if biological age estimations are accurate, we aim to establish a rad-age association using genomics as its foundation. Methods Two datasets were combined and used to empirically find the age cutoff between young and old patients. With age as both a categorical and continuous variable, two other datasets that included radiation exposure are used to test the interaction between radiation and age. The gene lists are oriented in preranked lists for both pathway and diseases analysis. Finally, these genes are used to evaluate another dataset on the clinical relevance in differentiating lung disease given ethnicity and sex using both pairwise t-tests and linear models. Results Using 12 well-known genes associated with aging, a threshold of 29-years-old was found to be the difference between young and old patients. The two interaction tests yielded 234 unique genes such that pathway analysis flagged IL-1 signaling and PRPP biosynthesis as significant with high cell proliferation diseases and carcinomas being a common trend. LAPTM4B was the only gene with significant interaction among lung disease, ethnicity, and sex, with fold change greater than two. Conclusion The results corroborate an initial association between radiation and age, given inflammation and metabolic pathways and multiple genes emphasizing mitochondrial function, oxidation, and histone modification. Being able to tie rad-age genes to lung disease supplements future work for risk assessment following radiation exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan A. Ruprecht
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, United States
| | - Sonalika Singhal
- Department of Pathology, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, United States
| | - Kalli Schaefer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, United States
| | - Jappreet S. Gill
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, United States
| | - Benu Bansal
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, United States
| | - Donald Sens
- Department of Pathology, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, United States
| | - Sandeep K. Singhal
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, United States
- Department of Pathology, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, United States
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12
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Yang W, Rubin JB. Accounting for sex differences variability in the design of sex-adapted cancer treatments. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.04.22.23288966. [PMID: 37162837 PMCID: PMC10168521 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.22.23288966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The significant sex differences that exist in cancer mechanisms, incidence, and survival, have yet to impact clinical practice. We hypothesized that one barrier to translation is that sex differences in cancer phenotypes resemble sex differences in height: highly overlapping, but distinct, male and female population distributions that vary continuously between female- and male- biased extremes. A consequence of this variance is that sex-specific treatments are rendered unrealistic, and our translational goal should be adaptation of treatment to the unique mix of sex-biased mechanisms that are present in each patient. To develop a tool that could advance this goal, we applied a Bayesian Nearest Neighbor (BNN) analysis to 8370 cancer transcriptomes from 26 different adult and 4 different pediatric cancer types to establish patient-specific Transcriptomic Sex Indices (TSI). TSI precisely partitions an individual patient's whole transcriptome into female- and male- biased components such that cancer type, patient sex, and transcriptomics, provide a novel and patient-specific mechanistic identifier that can be used for sex-adapted, precision cancer treatment planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yang
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Joshua B Rubin
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
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13
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Li X, Wei S, Deng L, Tao H, Liu M, Zhao Z, Du X, Li Y, Hou J. Sex-biased molecular differences in lung adenocarcinoma are ethnic and smoking specific. BMC Pulm Med 2023; 23:99. [PMID: 36964522 PMCID: PMC10039609 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-023-02387-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sex-related differences in cancer epidemiology, tumor biology, immune system activity, and pharmacogenomics have been suggested to be important considerations for precision cancer control. Here we elucidated systematically sex biases in genetic variants, gene expression profiles, and immunological landscapes of lung adenocarcinoma patients (LUADs) with different ancestry and smoking status. METHODS Somatic mutation and mRNA expression data of Asian and Non-Asian LUADs were obtained from public databases. Sex-biased genetic mutations, gene expression, biological pathways, and immune infiltration were identified in the context of smoking status and race. RESULTS Among nonsmokers, male-biased mutations were prevalent in Asian LUADs, while few sex-biased mutations were detected in Non-Asian LUADs. EGFR was the only mutation whose frequency was significantly higher in females than males in both Asian and Non-Asian nonsmokers. More genes exhibited sex-biased expression in Non-Asian LUADs compared to Asian LUADs. Moreover, genes distinctly expressed in females were mainly related to immune-related pathways, whereas those in males were more involved in activation of DNA repair, E2F_targets, and MYC_targets pathways. We also detected sex-specific immune infiltration in the context of genetic variation. In EGFR-mutant LUADs, males had a significantly increased infiltration of CD8 + T cells, whereas resting CD4 + memory T cells were more abundant in females. Additionally, in KRAS-mutant LUADs, CD8 + and CD4 + T cells were more abundant in females than males. In addition, we detected all female patients with high SCGB3A2 expression were exclusively sensitive to immunotherapy, while this phenomenon was not observed in male patients. CONCLUSIONS Our findings provided evidence that sex-related molecular and cellular components are involved in shaping tumor distinct genetic and immune features, which might have important impact on personalized targeted and immune therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuetao Li
- Department of Oncology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Shuquan Wei
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510180, Guangdong, China
| | - Liaoyuan Deng
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - HongYan Tao
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Mingkai Liu
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Ziwen Zhao
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510180, Guangdong, China
| | - Xin Du
- Department of Hematology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China.
| | - Yujun Li
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510180, Guangdong, China.
| | - Jun Hou
- Center for Medical Research On Innovation and Translation, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510180, Guangdong, China.
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14
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Han J, Wang J, Shi H, Li Q, Zhang S, Wu H, Li W, Gan L, Brown-Borg HM, Feng W, Chen Y, Zhao RC. Ultra-small polydopamine nanomedicine-enabled antioxidation against senescence. Mater Today Bio 2023; 19:100544. [PMID: 36747580 PMCID: PMC9898451 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2023.100544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Senescence is a cellular response characterized by cells irreversibly stopping dividing and entering a state of permanent growth arrest. One of the underlying pathophysiological causes of senescence is the oxidative stress-induced damage, indicating that eliminating the reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) may be beneficial to prevent and/or alleviate senescence. Herein, we developed ultra-small polydopamine nanoparticles (UPDA NPs) with superoxide dismutase (SOD)/catalase (CAT) enzyme-mimic activities, featuring broad-spectrum RONS-scavenging capability for inducing cytoprotective effects against RONS-mediated damage. The engineered UPDA NPs can restore senescence-related renal function, tissue homeostasis, fur density, and motor ability in mice, potentially associated with the regulation of multiple genes involved in lipid metabolism, mitochondrial function, energy homeostasis, telomerase activity, neuroprotection, and inflammatory responses. Importantly, the dietary UPDA NPs can enhance the antioxidant capacity, improve the climbing ability, and prolong the lifespan of Drosophila. Notably, UPDA NPs possess excellent biocompatibility stemming from the ultra-small size, ensuring quick clearance out of the body. These findings reveal that UPDA NPs can delay aging through reducing oxidative stress and provide a paradigm and practical strategy for treating senescence and senescence-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiamei Han
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiao Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongwei Shi
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Li
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Center of Excellence in Tissue Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Clinical Trial of Stem Cell Therapy (BZ0381), Beijing, China,Cell Energy Life Sciences Group Co. LTD, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Shibo Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Wu
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenjun Li
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Linhua Gan
- Department of Neurology and National Research Center for Aging and Medicine & National Center for Neurological Disorders, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Holly M. Brown-Borg
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine & Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, USA,Corresponding author.
| | - Wei Feng
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China,Corresponding authors.
| | - Yu Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China,Corresponding author.
| | - Robert Chunhua Zhao
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China,Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Center of Excellence in Tissue Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Clinical Trial of Stem Cell Therapy (BZ0381), Beijing, China,Corresponding authors. School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China.
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15
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Ma J, Yao Y, Tian Y, Chen K, Liu B. Advances in sex disparities for cancer immunotherapy: unveiling the dilemma of Yin and Yang. Biol Sex Differ 2022; 13:58. [PMID: 36273184 PMCID: PMC9587634 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-022-00469-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A wide sex disparity has been demonstrated in cancer incidence, tumor aggressiveness, prognosis, and treatment response of different types of cancer. The sex specificity of cancer appears to be a relevant issue in managing the disease, and studies investigating the role of sex and gender are becoming extremely urgent. Immunotherapy plays a leading role in cancer treatment, offering a new perspective on advanced malignancies. Gender has not been considered in standard cancer treatment, suggesting increasing the recognition of sex differences in cancer research and clinical management. This paper provides an overview of sex and gender disparities in cancer immunotherapy efficacy, anti-cancer immune response, predictive biomarkers, and so on. We focus on the molecular differences between male and female patients across a broad range of cancer types to arouse the attention and practice of clinicians and researchers in a sex perspective of new cancer treatment strategies. Sex differences exist in the prevalence, tumor invasiveness, treatment responses, and clinical outcomes of pan-cancer, suggesting that, while not yet incorporated, sex will probably be considered in future practice guidelines. Inherent genetic differences, overlapping epigenetic alterations, and sex hormone influences underpin everything. Androgen receptors influence the sexual differences in TME by regulating epigenetic and transcriptional differentiation programs. It highlights a sex-based therapeutic target for cancer immunotherapy. Proper consideration of sex, age, sex hormones/menopause status, and socio-cultural gender differences in clinical investigation and gene association studies of cancer are needed to fill current gaps and implement precision medicine for patients with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfu Ma
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cancer Epidemiology, Tianjin, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Yanxin Yao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cancer Epidemiology, Tianjin, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Ye Tian
- Department of Senior Ward, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cancer Epidemiology of Tianjin, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Kexin Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cancer Epidemiology, Tianjin, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Ben Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cancer Epidemiology, Tianjin, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300060, China.
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16
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Dela Justina V, Miguez JSG, Priviero F, Sullivan JC, Giachini FR, Webb RC. Sex Differences in Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiovascular Aging. FRONTIERS IN AGING 2022; 2:725884. [PMID: 35822017 PMCID: PMC9261391 DOI: 10.3389/fragi.2021.725884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is still the leading cause of illness and death in the Western world. Cardiovascular aging is a progressive modification occurring in cardiac and vascular morphology and physiology where increased endothelial dysfunction and arterial stiffness are observed, generally accompanied by increased systolic blood pressure and augmented pulse pressure. The effects of biological sex on cardiovascular pathophysiology have long been known. The incidence of hypertension is higher in men, and it increases in postmenopausal women. Premenopausal women are protected from CVD compared with age-matched men and this protective effect is lost with menopause, suggesting that sex-hormones influence blood pressure regulation. In parallel, the heart progressively remodels over the course of life and the pattern of cardiac remodeling also differs between the sexes. Lower autonomic tone, reduced baroreceptor response, and greater vascular function are observed in premenopausal women than men of similar age. However, postmenopausal women have stiffer arteries than their male counterparts. The biological mechanisms responsible for sex-related differences observed in cardiovascular aging are being unraveled over the last several decades. This review focuses on molecular mechanisms underlying the sex-differences of CVD in aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Dela Justina
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | | | - Fernanda Priviero
- Cardiovascular Translational Research Center, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Jennifer C Sullivan
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Fernanda R Giachini
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil.,Institute of Biological Sciences and Health, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Barra do Garças, Brazil
| | - R Clinton Webb
- Cardiovascular Translational Research Center, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
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17
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Sex disparities in DNA damage response pathways: Novel determinants in cancer formation and therapy. iScience 2022; 25:103875. [PMID: 35243237 PMCID: PMC8858993 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.103875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
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18
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Ji H, Kwan AC, Chen M, Ouyang D, Ebinger JE, Bell SP, Niiranen T, Bello NA, Cheng S. Sex Differences in Myocardial and Vascular Aging. Circ Res 2022; 130:566-577. [PMID: 35175845 PMCID: PMC8863105 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.121.319902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
It is well known that cardiovascular disease manifests differently in women and men. The underlying causes of these differences during the aging lifespan are less well understood. Sex differences in cardiac and vascular phenotypes are seen in childhood and tend to track along distinct trajectories related to dimorphism in genetic factors as well as response to risk exposures and hormonal changes during the life course. These differences underlie sex-specific variation in cardiovascular events later in life, including myocardial infarction, heart failure, ischemic stroke, and peripheral vascular disease. With respect to cardiac phenotypes, females have intrinsically smaller body size-adjusted cardiac volumes and they tend to experience greater age-related wall thickening and myocardial stiffening with aging. With respect to vascular phenotypes, sexual dimorphism in both physiology and pathophysiology are also seen, including overt differences in blood pressure trajectories. The majority of sex differences in myocardial and vascular alterations that manifest with aging seem to follow relatively consistent trajectories from the very early to the very later stages of life. This review aims to synthesize recent cardiovascular aging-related research to highlight clinically relevant studies in diverse female and male populations that can inform approaches to improving the diagnosis, management, and prognosis of cardiovascular disease risks in the aging population at large.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Ji
- Department of Cardiology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China,Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Alan C. Kwan
- Department of Cardiology, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Melanie Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - David Ouyang
- Department of Cardiology, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Joseph E. Ebinger
- Department of Cardiology, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Susan P. Bell
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Teemu Niiranen
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland,Department of Public Health Solutions, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Turku, Finland
| | - Natalie A. Bello
- Department of Cardiology, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Susan Cheng
- Department of Cardiology, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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19
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The spectrum of sex differences in cancer. Trends Cancer 2022; 8:303-315. [PMID: 35190302 PMCID: PMC8930612 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2022.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Sex differences in cellular and systems biology have been evolutionarily selected to optimize reproductive success in all species with little (sperm) and big (ova) gamete producers. They are evident from the time of fertilization and accrue throughout development through genetic, epigenetic, and circulating sex hormone-dependent mechanisms. Among other effects, they significantly impact on chromatin organization, metabolism, cell cycle regulation, immunity, longevity, and cancer risk and survival. Sex differences in cancer should be expected and accounted for in basic, translational, and clinical oncology research.
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20
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Audesse AJ, Karashchuk G, Gardell ZA, Lakis NS, Maybury-Lewis SY, Brown AK, Leeman DS, Teo YV, Neretti N, Anthony DC, Brodsky AS, Webb AE. FOXO3 regulates a common genomic program in aging and glioblastoma stem cells. AGING AND CANCER 2021; 2:137-159. [PMID: 36303712 PMCID: PMC9601604 DOI: 10.1002/aac2.12043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Background Glioblastoma (GBM) is an aggressive, age-associated malignant glioma that contains populations of cancer stem cells. These glioma stem cells (GSCs) evade therapeutic interventions and repopulate tumors due to their existence in a slowly cycling quiescent state. Although aging is well known to increase cancer initiation, the extent to which the mechanisms supporting GSC tumorigenicity are related to physiological aging remains unknown. Aims Here, we investigate the transcriptional mechanisms by which Forkhead Box O3 (FOXO3), a transcriptional regulator that promotes healthy aging, affects GSC function and the extent to which FOXO3 transcriptional networks are dysregulated in aging and GBM. Methods and results We performed transcriptome analysis of clinical GBM tumors and observed that high FOXO3 activity is associated with gene expression signatures of stem cell quiescence, reduced oxidative metabolism, and improved patient outcomes. Consistent with these findings, we show that elevated FOXO3 activity significantly reduces the proliferation of GBM-derived GSCs. Using RNA-seq, we find that functional ablation of FOXO3 in GSCs rewires the transcriptional circuitry associated with metabolism, epigenetic stability, quiescence, and differentiation. Since FOXO3 has been implicated in healthy aging, we then investigated the extent to which it regulates common transcriptional programs in aging neural stem cells (NSCs) and GSCs. We uncover a shared transcriptional program and, most strikingly, find that FOXO3-regulated pathways are associated with altered mitochondrial functions in both aging and GBM. Conclusions This work identifies a FOXO-associated transcriptional program that correlates between GSCs and aging NSCs and is enriched for metabolic and stemness pathways connected with GBM and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda J. Audesse
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology, and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Galina Karashchuk
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Lifespan Academic Medical Center and Warren Alpert Medical School at Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Zachary A. Gardell
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology, and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Nelli S. Lakis
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Sun Y. Maybury-Lewis
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology, and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
- Molecular Biology, Cell Biology, and Biochemistry Graduate Program, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Abigail K. Brown
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology, and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
- Molecular Biology, Cell Biology, and Biochemistry Graduate Program, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Dena S. Leeman
- Department of Discovery Immunology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Yee Voan Teo
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology, and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
- Molecular Biology, Cell Biology, and Biochemistry Graduate Program, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Nicola Neretti
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology, and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
- Center on the Biology of Aging, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Douglas C. Anthony
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Lifespan Academic Medical Center and Warren Alpert Medical School at Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
- Department of Neurology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Alexander S. Brodsky
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Lifespan Academic Medical Center and Warren Alpert Medical School at Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Ashley E. Webb
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology, and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
- Center on the Biology of Aging, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
- Carney Institute for Brain Science, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
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21
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Gladyshev VN, Kritchevsky SB, Clarke SG, Cuervo AM, Fiehn O, de Magalhães JP, Mau T, Maes M, Moritz R, Niedernhofer LJ, Van Schaftingen E, Tranah GJ, Walsh K, Yura Y, Zhang B, Cummings SR. Molecular Damage in Aging. NATURE AGING 2021; 1:1096-1106. [PMID: 36846190 PMCID: PMC9957516 DOI: 10.1038/s43587-021-00150-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Cellular metabolism generates molecular damage affecting all levels of biological organization. Accumulation of this damage over time is thought to play a central role in the aging process, but damage manifests in diverse molecular forms complicating its assessment. Insufficient attention has been paid to date to the role of molecular damage in aging-related phenotypes, particularly in humans, in part because of the difficulty in measuring its various forms. Recently, omics approaches have been developed that begin to address this challenge, because they are able to assess a sizeable proportion of age-related damage at the level of small molecules, proteins, RNA, DNA, organelles and cells. This review describes the concept of molecular damage in aging and discusses its diverse aspects from theoretical models to experimental approaches. Measurement of multiple types of damage enables studies of the role of damage in human aging outcomes and lays a foundation for testing interventions to reduce the burden of molecular damage, opening new approaches to slowing aging and reducing its consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vadim N. Gladyshev
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Stephen B. Kritchevsky
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA
| | - Steven G. Clarke
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Ana Maria Cuervo
- Department of Development and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA
- Institute for Aging Studies, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA
| | - Oliver Fiehn
- West Coast Metabolomics Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - João Pedro de Magalhães
- Integrative Genomics of Ageing Group, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L7 8TX, UK
| | - Theresa Mau
- San Francisco Coordinating Center, California Pacific Medical Center, Research Institute, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Michal Maes
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Robert Moritz
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Laura J. Niedernhofer
- Institute on the Biology of Aging and Metabolism, Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Emile Van Schaftingen
- De Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Bruxelles, Belgium
- Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and Biotechnology (WELBIO), Université catholique de Louvain, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Gregory J. Tranah
- San Francisco Coordinating Center, California Pacific Medical Center, Research Institute, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Kenneth Walsh
- Hematovascular Biology Center, Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia-School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Yoshimitsu Yura
- Hematovascular Biology Center, Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia-School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Bohan Zhang
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Steven R. Cummings
- San Francisco Coordinating Center, California Pacific Medical Center, Research Institute, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
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Abstract
Significant sex differences exist across cellular, tissue organization, and body system scales to serve the distinct sex-specific functions required for reproduction. They are present in all animals that reproduce sexually and have widespread impacts on normal development, aging, and disease. Observed from the moment of fertilization, sex differences are patterned by sexual differentiation, a lifelong process that involves mechanisms related to sex chromosome complement and the epigenetic and acute activational effects of sex hormones. In this mini-review, we examine evidence for sex differences in cellular responses to DNA damage, their underlying mechanisms, and how they might relate to sex differences in cancer incidence and response to DNA-damaging treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Broestl
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Joshua B Rubin
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
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23
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Richardson RB, Anghel CV, Deng DS. Profound synchrony of age-specific incidence rates and tumor suppression for different cancer types as revealed by the multistage-senescence model of carcinogenesis. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:23545-23578. [PMID: 34695806 PMCID: PMC8580351 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The age-specific trend of cancer incidence rates, but not its magnitude, is well described employing the multistage theory of carcinogenesis by Armitage and Doll in combination with the senescence model of Pompei and Wilson. We derived empirical parameters of the multistage-senescence model from U.S. Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) incidence data from 2000–2003 and 2010–2013 for The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) cancer types. Under the assumption of a constant tumor-specific transition rate between stages, there is an extremely strong linear relationship (P < 0.0001) between the number of stages and the stage transition rate. The senescence tumor suppression factor for 20 non-reproductive cancers is remarkably consistent (0.0099±0.0005); however, five female reproductive cancers have significantly higher tumor suppression. The peak incidence rate for non-reproductive cancers occurs at a younger age for cancers with fewer stages and their carcinogenic stages are of longer duration. Driver gene mutations are shown to contribute on average only about a third of the carcinogenic stages of different tumor types. A tumor’s accumulated incidence, calculated using a two-variable (age, stage) model, is strongly associated with intrinsic cancer risk. During both early adulthood and senescence, the pace of tumor suppression appears to be synchronized across most cancer types, suggesting the presence of overlapping evolutionary processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard B Richardson
- Radiobiology and Health Branch, Canadian Nuclear Laboratories (CNL), Chalk River Laboratories, Chalk River, ON K0J 1J0, Canada.,Medical Physics Unit, Cedars Cancer Centre, McGill University Health Centre - Glen Site, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Catalina V Anghel
- Computational Techniques Branch, Canadian Nuclear Laboratories (CNL), Chalk River Laboratories, Chalk River, ON K0J 1J0, Canada
| | - Dennis S Deng
- Computational Techniques Branch, Canadian Nuclear Laboratories (CNL), Chalk River Laboratories, Chalk River, ON K0J 1J0, Canada
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24
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Navarro-Pardo E, Suay F, Murphy M. Ageing: Not only an age-related issue. Mech Ageing Dev 2021; 199:111568. [PMID: 34536447 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2021.111568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Developments in the last century have led to an unprecedented increase in life expectancy. These changes open opportunities for humans to grow and develop in healthy and adaptive ways, adding life to years as well as years to life. There are also challenges, however - as we live longer, a greater number of people will experience chronic illness and disability, often linked to lifestyle factors. The current paper advances an argument that there are fundamental biological sex differences which, sometimes directly and sometime mediated by lifestyle factors, underpin the marked differences in morbidity and mortality that we find between the sexes. Furthermore, we argue that it is necessary to consider sex as a key factor in research on healthy ageing, allowing for the possibility that different patterns exist between males and females, and that therefore different approaches and interventions are required to optimise healthy ageing in both sexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esperanza Navarro-Pardo
- Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, Universitat de València, Av. Blasco Ibañez, 21, 46008, València, Spain
| | - Ferran Suay
- Department of Biopsychology, Universitat de València, Av. Blasco Ibañez, 21, 46008, València, Spain
| | - Mike Murphy
- School of Applied Psychology, University College Cork, North Mall Campus, Cork, Ireland.
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25
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Searching for female reproductive aging and longevity biomarkers. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:16873-16894. [PMID: 34156973 PMCID: PMC8266318 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Female reproductive aging is, in a way, a biological phenomenon that develops along canonical molecular pathways; however, it has particular features. Recent studies revealed complexity of the interconnections between reproductive aging and aging of other systems, and even suggested a cause-effect uncertainty between them. It was also shown that reproductive aging can impact aging processes in an organism at the level of cells, tissues, organs, and systems. Women at the end of their reproductive lives are characterized by the accelerated incidence of age-related diseases. Timing of the onset of menarche and menopause and variability in the duration of reproductive life carry a latent social risk: not having enough information about the reproductive potential, women keep on postponing childbirth. Identification and use of the most accurate and sensitive aging biomarkers enable the prediction of menopause timing and quantification of the true biological and reproductive ages of an organism. We discuss current views on reproductive aging and peculiarities of using available biomarkers of aging. We also consider latest advances in the search for potential genetic markers of reproductive aging. Finally, we posit the importance of determining the female biological age and highlight potential research directions in this area.
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26
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Haupt S, Caramia F, Klein SL, Rubin JB, Haupt Y. Sex disparities matter in cancer development and therapy. Nat Rev Cancer 2021; 21:393-407. [PMID: 33879867 PMCID: PMC8284191 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-021-00348-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Curing cancer through precision medicine is the paramount aim of the new wave of molecular and genomic therapies. Currently, whether patients with non-reproductive cancers are male or female according to their sex chromosomes is not adequately considered in patient standard of care. This is a matter of consequence because there is growing evidence that these cancer types generally initiate earlier and are associated with higher overall incidence and rates of death in males compared with females. Gender, in contrast to sex, refers to a chosen sexual identity. Hazardous lifestyle choices (notably tobacco smoking) differ in prevalence between genders, aligned with disproportionate cancer risk. These add to underlying genetic predisposition and influences of sex steroid hormones. Together, these factors affect metabolism, immunity and inflammation, and ultimately the fidelity of the genetic code. To accurately understand how human defences against cancer erode, it is crucial to establish the influence of sex. Our Perspective highlights evidence from basic and translational research indicating that including genetic sex considerations in treatments for patients with cancer will improve outcomes. It is now time to adopt the challenge of overhauling cancer medicine based on optimized treatment strategies for females and males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sue Haupt
- Tumor Suppression and Cancer Sex Disparity Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Franco Caramia
- Tumor Suppression and Cancer Sex Disparity Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sabra L Klein
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Joshua B Rubin
- Department of Pediatrics and Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Ygal Haupt
- Tumor Suppression and Cancer Sex Disparity Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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27
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Pyrkov TV, Avchaciov K, Tarkhov AE, Menshikov LI, Gudkov AV, Fedichev PO. Longitudinal analysis of blood markers reveals progressive loss of resilience and predicts human lifespan limit. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2765. [PMID: 34035236 PMCID: PMC8149842 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23014-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated the dynamic properties of the organism state fluctuations along individual aging trajectories in a large longitudinal database of CBC measurements from a consumer diagnostics laboratory. To simplify the analysis, we used a log-linear mortality estimate from the CBC variables as a single quantitative measure of the aging process, henceforth referred to as dynamic organism state indicator (DOSI). We observed, that the age-dependent population DOSI distribution broadening could be explained by a progressive loss of physiological resilience measured by the DOSI auto-correlation time. Extrapolation of this trend suggested that DOSI recovery time and variance would simultaneously diverge at a critical point of 120 - 150 years of age corresponding to a complete loss of resilience. The observation was immediately confirmed by the independent analysis of correlation properties of intraday physical activity levels fluctuations collected by wearable devices. We conclude that the criticality resulting in the end of life is an intrinsic biological property of an organism that is independent of stress factors and signifies a fundamental or absolute limit of human lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Andrei E Tarkhov
- Gero PTE, Singapore, Singapore
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow, Russia
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Leonid I Menshikov
- Gero PTE, Singapore, Singapore
- National Research Center 'Kurchatov Institute', Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrei V Gudkov
- Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm and Carlton streets, Buffalo, NY, USA
- Genome Protection, Inc., Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Peter O Fedichev
- Gero PTE, Singapore, Singapore.
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, Russia.
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28
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Hägg S, Jylhävä J. Sex differences in biological aging with a focus on human studies. eLife 2021; 10:e63425. [PMID: 33982659 PMCID: PMC8118651 DOI: 10.7554/elife.63425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is a complex biological process characterized by hallmark features accumulating over the life course, shaping the individual's aging trajectory and subsequent disease risks. There is substantial individual variability in the aging process between men and women. In general, women live longer than men, consistent with lower biological ages as assessed by molecular biomarkers, but there is a paradox. Women are frailer and have worse health at the end of life, while men still perform better in physical function examinations. Moreover, many age-related diseases show sex-specific patterns. In this review, we aim to summarize the current knowledge on sexual dimorphism in human studies, with support from animal research, on biological aging and illnesses. We also attempt to place it in the context of the theories of aging, as well as discuss the explanations for the sex differences, for example, the sex-chromosome linked mechanisms and hormonally driven differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Hägg
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Juulia Jylhävä
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
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29
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Xiao G, Zhang X, Zhang X, Chen Y, Xia Z, Cao H, Huang J, Cheng Q. Aging-related genes are potential prognostic biomarkers for patients with gliomas. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:13239-13263. [PMID: 33946049 PMCID: PMC8148480 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
Aging has a significant role in the proliferation and development of cancers. This study explored the expression profiles, prognostic value, and potential roles of aging-related genes in gliomas. We designed risk score and cluster models based on aging-related genes and glioma cases using LASSO Cox regression analysis, consensus clustering analysis and univariate cox regression analyses. High risk score was related to malignant clinical features and poor prognosis based on 10 datasets, 2953 cases altogether. Genetic alterations analysis revealed that high risk scores were associated with genomic aberrations of aging-related oncogenes. GSVA analysis exhibited the potential function of the aging-related genes. More immune cell infiltration was found in high-risk group cases, and glioma patients in high-risk group may be more responsive to immunotherapy. Knock-down of CTSC, an aging-related gene, can inhibit cell cycle progression, colony formation, cell proliferation and increase cell senescence in glioma cell lines in vitro. Indeed, high expression of CTSC was associated with poor prognosis in glioma cases. In conclusion, this study revealed that aging-related genes have prognostic potential for glioma patients and further identified potential mechanisms for aging-related genes in tumorigenesis and progression in gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gelei Xiao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan, China
| | - Xiangyang Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan, China
| | - Xun Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan, China
| | - Yuanbing Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan, China
| | - Zhiwei Xia
- Department of Neurology, Hunan Aerospace Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hui Cao
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second People’s Hospital of Hunan Province, Hunan, China
- The Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Hunan, China
| | - Jun Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan, China
| | - Quan Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan, China
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30
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Erbaba B, Arslan-Ergul A, Adams MM. Effects of caloric restriction on the antagonistic and integrative hallmarks of aging. Ageing Res Rev 2021; 66:101228. [PMID: 33246078 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2020.101228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Aging is a significant risk factor for cognitive decline associated with neurodegenerative diseases, which makes understanding what promotes 'healthy brain aging' very important. Studies suggest that caloric restriction (CR) is a non-genetic intervention that reliably extends life- and healthspan. Here, we review the CR literature related to both the subject of aging and alterations in cell cycle machinery, especially surrounding the regulation of the E2F/DP1 complex, to elucidate the cellular protection mechanisms in the brain induced via dietary applications. The alterations extending lifespan via CR appear to exert their effects by promoting survival of individual cells, downregulating cell proliferation, and inducing stem cell quiescence, which results in keeping the stem cell reserve for extreme needs. This survival instinct of cells is believed to cause some molecular adaptations for their maintenance of the system. Avoiding energy waste of proliferation machinery promotes the long term survival of the individual cells and this is due to adaptations to the limited nutrient supply in the environment. Such a protective mechanism induced by diet could be promoted via the downregulation of crucial cell cycle-related transcription activators. This review article aims to bring attention to the importance of molecular adaptations induced by diet that promote healthy brain aging. It will provide insights into alternative targets for new treatments or neuroprotective approaches against neurodegenerative pathophysiologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Begun Erbaba
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Aysel Sabuncu Brain Research Center, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey; National Nanotechnology Research Center (UNAM), Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ayca Arslan-Ergul
- National Nanotechnology Research Center (UNAM), Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Michelle M Adams
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Aysel Sabuncu Brain Research Center, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey; National Nanotechnology Research Center (UNAM), Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey; Department of Psychology, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey.
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31
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Haupt S, Haupt Y. Cancer and Tumour Suppressor p53 Encounters at the Juncture of Sex Disparity. Front Genet 2021; 12:632719. [PMID: 33664771 PMCID: PMC7920968 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.632719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
There are many differences in cancer manifestation between men and women. New understanding of the origin of these point to fundamental distinctions in the genetic code and its demise. Tumour suppressor protein p53 is the chief operating officer of cancer defence and critically acts to safeguard against sustained DNA damaged. P53 cannot be ignored in cancer sex disparity. In this review we discuss the greater prevalence and associated death rates for non-reproductive cancers in males. The major tumour suppressor protein p53, encoded in the TP53 gene is our chosen context. It is fitting to ask why somatic TP53 mutation incidence is estimated to be disproportionately higher among males in the population for these types of cancers compared with females? We scrutinised the literature for evidence of predisposing genetic and epigenetic alterations that may explain this sex bias. Our second approach was to explore whether redox activity, either externally imposed or inherent to males and females, may define distinct risks that could contribute to the clear cancer sex disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sue Haupt
- Tumor Suppression Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Clinical Pathology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Ygal Haupt
- Tumor Suppression Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Clinical Pathology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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32
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So EY, Jeong EM, Wu KQ, Dubielecka PM, Reginato AM, Quesenberry PJ, Liang OD. Sexual dimorphism in aging hematopoiesis: an earlier decline of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells in male than female mice. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:25939-25955. [PMID: 33378745 PMCID: PMC7803521 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Adult hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) reside in the bone marrow (BM) ensuring homeostasis of blood production and immune response throughout life. Sex differences in immunocompetence and mortality are well-documented in humans. However, whether HSPCs behave dimorphically between sexes during aging remains unknown. Here, we show that a significant expansion of BM-derived HSPCs occurs in the middle age of female but in the old age of male mice. We then show that a decline of HSPCs in male mice, as indicated by the expression levels of select hematopoietic genes, occurs much earlier in the aging process than that in female mice. Sex-mismatched heterochronic BM transplantations indicate that the middle-aged female BM microenvironment plays a pivotal role in sustaining hematopoietic gene expression during aging. Furthermore, a higher concentration of the pituitary sex hormone follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) in the serum and a concomitant higher expression of its receptor on HSPCs in the middle-aged and old female mice than age-matched male mice, suggests that FSH may contribute to the sexual dimorphism in aging hematopoiesis. Our study reveals that HSPCs in the BM niches are possibly regulated in a sex-specific manner and influenced differently by sex hormones during aging hematopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eui-Young So
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02903, USA
| | - Euy-Myoung Jeong
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02903, USA
| | - Keith Q Wu
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02903, USA
| | - Patrycja M Dubielecka
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02903, USA
| | - Anthony M Reginato
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02903, USA
| | - Peter J Quesenberry
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02903, USA
| | - Olin D Liang
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02903, USA
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33
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Kinzina ED, Podolskiy DI, Dmitriev SE, Gladyshev VN. Patterns of Aging Biomarkers, Mortality, and Damaging Mutations Illuminate the Beginning of Aging and Causes of Early-Life Mortality. Cell Rep 2020; 29:4276-4284.e3. [PMID: 31875539 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.11.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
An increase in the probability of death has been a defining feature of aging, yet human perinatal mortality starts high and decreases with age. Previous evolutionary models suggested that organismal aging begins after the onset of reproduction. However, we find that mortality and incidence of diseases associated with aging follow a U-shaped curve with the minimum before puberty, whereas quantitative biomarkers of aging, including somatic mutations and DNA methylation, do not, revealing that aging starts early but is masked by early-life mortality. Moreover, our genetic analyses point to the contribution of damaging mutations to early mortality. We propose that mortality patterns are governed, in part, by negative selection against damaging mutations in early life, manifesting after the corresponding genes are first expressed. Deconvolution of mortality patterns suggests that deleterious changes rather than mortality are the defining characteristic of aging and that aging begins in very early life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvira D Kinzina
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow 119992, Russia; Computational and Systems Biology Program, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Dmitriy I Podolskiy
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sergey E Dmitriev
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow 119992, Russia
| | - Vadim N Gladyshev
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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34
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Credendino SC, Neumayer C, Cantone I. Genetics and Epigenetics of Sex Bias: Insights from Human Cancer and Autoimmunity. Trends Genet 2020; 36:650-663. [PMID: 32736810 DOI: 10.1016/j.tig.2020.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
High-throughput sequencing and genome-wide association studies have revealed a sex bias in human diseases. The underlying molecular mechanisms remain, however, unknown. Here, we cover recent advances in cancer and autoimmunity focusing on intrinsic genetic and epigenetic differences underlying sex biases in human disease. These studies reveal a central role of genome regulatory mechanisms including genome repair, chromosome folding, and epigenetic regulation in dictating the sex bias. These highlight the importance of considering sex as a variable in both basic science and clinical investigations. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying sex bias in human diseases will be instrumental in making a first step forwards into the era of personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Carmela Credendino
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Christoph Neumayer
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Irene Cantone
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology 'G. Salvatore', National Research Council (CNR), 80131 Naples, Italy.
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35
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Cawthon RM, Meeks HD, Sasani TA, Smith KR, Kerber RA, O'Brien E, Baird L, Dixon MM, Peiffer AP, Leppert MF, Quinlan AR, Jorde LB. Germline mutation rates in young adults predict longevity and reproductive lifespan. Sci Rep 2020; 10:10001. [PMID: 32561805 PMCID: PMC7305191 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-66867-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Ageing may be due to mutation accumulation across the lifespan, leading to tissue dysfunction, disease, and death. We tested whether germline autosomal mutation rates in young adults predict their remaining survival, and, for women, their reproductive lifespans. Age-adjusted mutation rates (AAMRs) in 61 women and 61 men from the Utah CEPH (Centre d’Etude du Polymorphisme Humain) families were determined. Age at death, cause of death, all-site cancer incidence, and reproductive histories were provided by the Utah Population Database, Utah Cancer Registry, and Utah Genetic Reference Project. Higher AAMRs were significantly associated with higher all-cause mortality in both sexes combined. Subjects in the top quartile of AAMRs experienced more than twice the mortality of bottom quartile subjects (hazard ratio [HR], 2.07; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.21–3.56; p = 0.008; median survival difference = 4.7 years). Fertility analyses were restricted to women whose age at last birth (ALB) was ≥ 30 years, the age when fertility begins to decline. Women with higher AAMRs had significantly fewer live births and a younger ALB. Adult germline mutation accumulation rates are established in adolescence, and later menarche in women is associated with delayed mutation accumulation. We conclude that germline mutation rates in healthy young adults may provide a measure of both reproductive and systemic ageing. Puberty may induce the establishment of adult mutation accumulation rates, just when DNA repair systems begin their lifelong decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard M Cawthon
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States.
| | - Huong D Meeks
- Population Science, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Thomas A Sasani
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Ken R Smith
- Population Science, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Richard A Kerber
- Department of Health Management & Systems Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Elizabeth O'Brien
- Department of Health Management & Systems Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Lisa Baird
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Melissa M Dixon
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Andreas P Peiffer
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Mark F Leppert
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Aaron R Quinlan
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States.,Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States.,USTAR Center for Genetic Discovery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Lynn B Jorde
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States.,USTAR Center for Genetic Discovery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
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36
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Ruan Y, Wang H, Chen B, Wen H, Wu CI. Mutations Beget More Mutations-Rapid Evolution of Mutation Rate in Response to the Risk of Runaway Accumulation. Mol Biol Evol 2020; 37:1007-1019. [PMID: 31778175 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msz283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The rapidity with which the mutation rate evolves could greatly impact evolutionary patterns. Nevertheless, most studies simply assume a constant rate in the time scale of interest (Kimura 1983; Drake 1991; Kumar 2005; Li 2007; Lynch 2010). In contrast, recent studies of somatic mutations suggest that the mutation rate may vary by several orders of magnitude within a lifetime (Kandoth et al. 2013; Lawrence et al. 2013). To resolve the discrepancy, we now propose a runaway model, applicable to both the germline and soma, whereby mutator mutations form a positive-feedback loop. In this loop, any mutator mutation would increase the rate of acquiring the next mutator, thus triggering a runaway escalation in mutation rate. The process can be initiated more readily if there are many weak mutators than a few strong ones. Interestingly, even a small increase in the mutation rate at birth could trigger the runaway process, resulting in unfit progeny. In slowly reproducing species, the need to minimize the risk of this uncontrolled accumulation would thus favor setting the mutation rate low. In comparison, species that starts and ends reproduction sooner do not face the risk and may set the baseline mutation rate higher. The mutation rate would evolve in response to the risk of runaway mutation, in particular, when the generation time changes. A rapidly evolving mutation rate may shed new lights on many evolutionary phenomena (Elango et al. 2006; Thomas et al. 2010, 2018; Langergraber et al. 2012; Besenbacher et al. 2019).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongsen Ruan
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haiyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bingjie Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haijun Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chung-I Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
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37
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Mohme M, Neidert MC. Tumor-Specific T Cell Activation in Malignant Brain Tumors. Front Immunol 2020; 11:205. [PMID: 32117316 PMCID: PMC7031483 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to their delicate locations as well as aggressive and infiltrative behavior, malignant brain tumors remain a therapeutic challenge. Harnessing the efficacy and specificity of the T-cell response to counteract malignant brain tumor progression and recurrence, represents an attractive treatment option. With the tremendous advances in the current era of immunotherapy, ongoing studies aim to determine the best treatment strategies for mounting a tumor-specific immune response against malignant brain tumors. However, immunosuppression in the local tumor environment, molecular and cellular heterogeneity as well as a lack of suitable targets for tumor-specific vaccination impede the successful implementation of immunotherapeutic treatment strategies in neuro-oncology. In this review, we therefore discuss the role of T cell exhaustion, the genetic and antigenic landscape, potential pitfalls and ongoing efforts to overcome the individual challenges in order to elicit a tumor-specific T cell response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malte Mohme
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marian Christoph Neidert
- Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Neuroscience Center, University Hospital and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Pathology and Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, United States
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38
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Li L, Rao X, Wen Z, Ding X, Wang X, Xu W, Meng C, Yi Y, Guan Y, Chen Y, Wang J, Jun L. Implications of driver genes associated with a high tumor mutation burden identified using next-generation sequencing on immunotherapy in hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncol Lett 2020; 19:2739-2748. [PMID: 32218826 PMCID: PMC7068659 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.11372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy is a treatment strategy for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC); however, its clinical efficacy is limited to a select subset of patients. Next-generation sequencing has identified the value of tumor mutation burden (TMB) as a predictor for ICB efficacy in multiple types of tumor, including HCC. Specific driver gene mutations may be indicative of a high TMB (TMB-H) and analysis of such mutations may provide novel insights into the underlying mechanisms of TMB-H and potential therapeutic strategies. In the present study, a hybridization-capture method was used to target 1.45 Mb of the genomic sequence (coding sequence, 1 Mb), analyzing the somatic mutation landscape of 81 HCC tumor samples. Mutations in five genes were significantly associated with TMB-H, including mutations in tumor protein 53 (TP53), Catenin®1 (CTNNB1), AT-rich interactive domain-containing protein 1A (ARID1A), myeloid/lymphoid or mixed-lineage leukemia (MLL) and nuclear receptor co-repressor 1 (NCOR1). Further analysis using The Cancer Genome Atlas Liver Hepatocellular Carcinoma database showed that TP53, CTNNB1 and MLL mutations were positively correlated with TMB-H. Meanwhile, mutations in ARID1A, TP53 and MLL were associated with poor overall survival of patients with HCC. Overall, TMB-H and associated driver gene mutations may have potential as predictive biomarkers of ICB therapy efficacy for treatment of patients with HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- Department of Oncology, Peking University International Hospital, Beijing 102206, P.R. China
| | - Xiaosong Rao
- Department of Pathology, Peking University International Hospital, Beijing 102206, P.R. China
| | - Zhaohong Wen
- Geneplus-Beijing Institute, Beijing 102206, P.R. China
| | - Xiaosheng Ding
- Department of Oncology, Peking University International Hospital, Beijing 102206, P.R. China
| | - Xiangyi Wang
- Department of Oncology, Peking University International Hospital, Beijing 102206, P.R. China
| | - Weiran Xu
- Department of Oncology, Peking University International Hospital, Beijing 102206, P.R. China
| | - Chao Meng
- Department of Oncology, Peking University International Hospital, Beijing 102206, P.R. China
| | - Yuting Yi
- Geneplus-Beijing Institute, Beijing 102206, P.R. China
| | - Yanfang Guan
- Geneplus-Beijing Institute, Beijing 102206, P.R. China.,Department of Computer Science and Technology, School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, P.R. China
| | - Yongshen Chen
- Geneplus-Beijing Institute, Beijing 102206, P.R. China.,Department of Computer Science and Technology, School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, P.R. China
| | - Jiayin Wang
- Department of Computer Science and Technology, School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, P.R. China
| | - Liang Jun
- Department of Oncology, Peking University International Hospital, Beijing 102206, P.R. China
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39
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Henneghan A, Rao V, Harrison RA, Karuturi M, Blayney DW, Palesh O, Kesler SR. Cortical Brain Age from Pre-treatment to Post-chemotherapy in Patients with Breast Cancer. Neurotox Res 2020; 37:788-799. [PMID: 31900898 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-019-00158-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Chemotherapy-related cognitive impairment and associated brain changes may reflect accelerated brain aging; however, empirical evidence for this theory is limited. The purpose of this study was to measure brain aging in newly diagnosed patients with breast cancer treated with chemotherapy (n = 43) and compare its longitudinal change to that of controls (n = 50). Brain age indices, derived from cortical measures, were compared between women with breast cancer and matched healthy controls across 3 timepoints (time 1: pre-surgery, time 2: 1 month following chemotherapy completion, and time 3: 1-year post-chemotherapy). The breast cancer group showed a significant decrease in cortical thickness across the 3 timepoints (p < .001) and a trend towards significant increase in predicted brain age especially from pre-treatment (time 1) to post-chemotherapy (time 2) compared to controls (p = 0.08). Greater increase in predicted brain age was related to several clinical factors (HER-2 status, surgery type, and history of neoadjuvant chemotherapy) and greater decrease in cortical thickness was associated with greater decrease in performance on a verbal learning task from time 1 to time 3 (r = - 0.48, p < .01). This study demonstrated evidence of increased cortical brain aging in middle-aged patients with breast cancer following chemotherapy treatment that was associated with decreased verbal memory performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley Henneghan
- University of Texas at Austin School of Nursing, 1710 Red River St, Austin, TX, 78701, USA. .,Department of Oncology, Dell Medical School, University of Texas at Austin, 1601 Trinity St, Austin, TX, USA.
| | - Vikram Rao
- University of Texas at Austin School of Nursing, 1710 Red River St, Austin, TX, 78701, USA
| | - Rebecca A Harrison
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Unit 431, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Meghan Karuturi
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Unit 1354, 1155 Pressler St., Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Douglas W Blayney
- Division of Medical Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Oxana Palesh
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University Cancer Institute, Stanford University, 401 Quarry Road, Office 2318, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Shelli R Kesler
- University of Texas at Austin School of Nursing, 1710 Red River St, Austin, TX, 78701, USA.,Department of Oncology, Dell Medical School, University of Texas at Austin, 1601 Trinity St, Austin, TX, USA
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40
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Anisimova AS, Alexandrov AI, Makarova NE, Gladyshev VN, Dmitriev SE. Protein synthesis and quality control in aging. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 10:4269-4288. [PMID: 30562164 PMCID: PMC6326689 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Aging is characterized by the accumulation of damage and other deleterious changes, leading to the loss of functionality and fitness. Age-related changes occur at most levels of organization of a living organism (molecular, organellar, cellular, tissue and organ). However, protein synthesis is a major biological process, and thus understanding how it changes with age is of paramount importance. Here, we discuss the relationships between lifespan, aging, protein synthesis and translational control, and expand this analysis to the various aspects of proteome behavior in organisms with age. Characterizing the consequences of changes in protein synthesis and translation fidelity, and determining whether altered translation is pathological or adaptive is necessary for understanding the aging process, as well as for developing approaches to target dysfunction in translation as a strategy for extending lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra S Anisimova
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119234, Russia.,School of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119234, Russia
| | - Alexander I Alexandrov
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119234, Russia.,Bach Institute of Biochemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119071, Russia
| | - Nadezhda E Makarova
- School of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119234, Russia
| | - Vadim N Gladyshev
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119234, Russia.,Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sergey E Dmitriev
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119234, Russia.,School of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119234, Russia.,Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia
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41
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Narisu N, Rothwell R, Vrtačnik P, Rodríguez S, Didion J, Zöllner S, Erdos MR, Collins FS, Eriksson M. Analysis of somatic mutations identifies signs of selection during in vitro aging of primary dermal fibroblasts. Aging Cell 2019; 18:e13010. [PMID: 31385397 PMCID: PMC6826141 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Somatic mutations are critical for cancer development and may play a role in age-related functional decline. Here, we used deep sequencing to analyze the prevalence of somatic mutations during in vitro cell aging. Primary dermal fibroblasts from healthy subjects of young and advanced age, from Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome and from xeroderma pigmentosum complementation groups A and C, were first restricted in number and then expanded in vitro. DNA was obtained from cells pre- and post-expansion and sequenced at high depth (1656× mean coverage), over a cumulative 290 kb target region, including the exons of 44 aging-related genes. Allele frequencies of 58 somatic mutations differed between the pre- and post-cell culture expansion passages. Mathematical modeling revealed that the frequency change of three of the 58 mutations was unlikely to be explained by genetic drift alone, indicative of positive selection. Two of these three mutations, CDKN2A c.53C>T (T18M) and ERCC8 c.*772T>A, were identified in cells from a patient with XPA. The allele frequency of the CDKN2A mutation increased from 0% to 55.3% with increasing cell culture passage. The third mutation, BRCA2 c.6222C>T (H2074H), was identified in a sample from a healthy individual of advanced age. However, further validation of the three mutations suggests that other unmeasured variants probably provide the selective advantage in these cells. Our results reinforce the notions that somatic mutations occur during aging and that some are under positive selection, supporting the model of increased tissue heterogeneity with increased age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narisu Narisu
- National Human Genome Research InstituteNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA
| | | | - Peter Vrtačnik
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Center for Innovative MedicineKarolinska InstitutetHuddingeSweden
| | - Sofía Rodríguez
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Center for Innovative MedicineKarolinska InstitutetHuddingeSweden
| | - John Didion
- National Human Genome Research InstituteNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA
| | - Sebastian Zöllner
- Department of BiostatisticsUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMIUSA
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMIUSA
| | - Michael R. Erdos
- National Human Genome Research InstituteNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA
| | - Francis S. Collins
- National Human Genome Research InstituteNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA
| | - Maria Eriksson
- National Human Genome Research InstituteNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Center for Innovative MedicineKarolinska InstitutetHuddingeSweden
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42
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Male Sex is an Inherent Risk Factor for Basal Cell Carcinoma. J Skin Cancer 2019; 2019:8304271. [PMID: 31772775 PMCID: PMC6854916 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8304271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is more frequent among females <40 years old; however, it affects preferentially older males (>60 years old). In order to contribute to the study of the still largely unknown mechanisms that underlie this peculiar sex-dependent shift, we compared the kinetics of the increase of the age-specific BCC incidence rates (R) as a function of age in males and females. Studies reporting sex-stratified R were found using a PubMed search and male to female age-specific incidence rate ratios (RR) were calculated for each age-class as reported in each study and assigned to the mean of the corresponding age periods. Trends in age were assessed with Kendall's τ test and relationships between two variables by inverse variance method-weighed Loess and linear regression analysis. Sixteen data sets were eligible and confirmed a significant shift in the male to female ratio (Kendall's τ = 0.530; P < 0.001). Moreover, the slope parameter b = 1.205 (SE = 0.014) of the best fit (r 2 = 0.980) regression line resulting by plotting male vs. female age-specific incidence rates predicts a statistically significant (P = 0.001), constant, about 20% faster increase of R in males of all ages. Similar relationship are also evident for cutaneous squamous cell and Merkel cell carcinoma and, even more intriguing, for sums of all cancers (excluding BCC and SCC) in many different registries. In conclusion, females are probably born with an inherently higher risk to develop BCC; however, also with a much slower increase rate of this risk as a function of age. Notably this observation seems to be not a BCC peculiarity. Because of its high incidence coupled with moderate morbidity and extremely low mortality rates, BCC may serve as a valuable, single-tumor paradigm to reproach the complex mechanisms that underline the interaction of age and sex in the pathogenesis of human malignancies.
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43
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Tomasetti C, Poling J, Roberts NJ, London NR, Pittman ME, Haffner MC, Rizzo A, Baras A, Karim B, Kim A, Heaphy CM, Meeker AK, Hruban RH, Iacobuzio-Donahue CA, Vogelstein B. Cell division rates decrease with age, providing a potential explanation for the age-dependent deceleration in cancer incidence. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:20482-20488. [PMID: 31548407 PMCID: PMC6789572 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1905722116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A new evaluation of previously published data suggested to us that the accumulation of mutations might slow, rather than increase, as individuals age. To explain this unexpected finding, we hypothesized that normal stem cell division rates might decrease as we age. To test this hypothesis, we evaluated cell division rates in the epithelium of human colonic, duodenal, esophageal, and posterior ethmoid sinonasal tissues. In all 4 tissues, there was a significant decrease in cell division rates with age. In contrast, cell division rates did not decrease in the colon of aged mice, and only small decreases were observed in their small intestine or esophagus. These results have important implications for understanding the relationship between normal stem cells, aging, and cancer. Moreover, they provide a plausible explanation for the enigmatic age-dependent deceleration in cancer incidence in very old humans but not in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Tomasetti
- Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205;
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205
| | - Justin Poling
- Pathology, Williamson Medical Center, Brentwood, TN 37207
| | - Nicholas J Roberts
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205
- Department of Pathology, The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21231
| | - Nyall R London
- Department of Otolaryngology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205
| | - Meredith E Pittman
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065
| | - Michael C Haffner
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21231
| | - Anthony Rizzo
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21231
| | - Alex Baras
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21231
| | - Baktiar Karim
- Pathology & Histotechnology Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702
| | - Antonio Kim
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205
| | - Christopher M Heaphy
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21231
| | - Alan K Meeker
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21231
| | - Ralph H Hruban
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205
- Department of Pathology, The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21231
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21231
- Ludwig Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205
| | - Christine A Iacobuzio-Donahue
- Department of Pathology, Rubenstein Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research, Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065
| | - Bert Vogelstein
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205;
- Ludwig Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205
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44
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Endometriosis-associated ovarian cancer occurs early during follow-up of endometrial cysts. Int J Clin Oncol 2019; 25:51-58. [DOI: 10.1007/s10147-019-01536-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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45
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Rayner JE, McMeniman EK, Duffy DL, De'Ambrosis B, Smithers BM, Jagirdar K, Lee KJ, Soyer HP, Sturm RA. Phenotypic and genotypic analysis of amelanotic and hypomelanotic melanoma patients. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2019; 33:1076-1083. [PMID: 30680790 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.15446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Amelanotic/hypomelanotic melanoma is associated with poorer outcomes due to a more advanced disease stage at diagnosis. OBJECTIVE To determine phenotypic risks and genotypic associations with amelanotic/hypomelanotic melanoma to develop a clinical and genetic profile that could assist in identifying high-risk individuals. METHODS The Brisbane Naevus Morphology Study conducted from 2009 to 2016 has recruited a core of 1254 participants. Participants were drawn from a combination of volunteers from dermatology outpatient clinics, private dermatology clinics, the Brisbane Longitudinal Twin Study and QSkin study. Case participants had a personal history of melanoma and control participants no personal history of melanoma. We specifically examined seven known candidate pigmentation and melanoma genes and pigmentary phenotypic characteristics in participants with amelanotic/hypomelanotic melanoma compared to pigmented melanomas. This assayed single nucleotide polymorphisms in MC1R, TYR, HERC/OCA2, IRF4, MTAP, PLA2G6 and MITF. RESULTS Forty-seven participants had at least one amelanotic/hypomelanotic melanoma, and 389 had pigmented melanomas, with amelanotic/hypomelanotic melanoma patients significantly older than pigmented melanoma participants (63.3 ± 13.0 vs. 54.6 ± 15.3 years; P < 0.001). Amelanotic/hypomelanotic melanoma patients were more likely than pigmented melanoma patients to have red hair (34% vs. 15%; P = 0.01), severe hand freckling (13% vs. 5%; P = 0.01) and propensity to sunburn (63% vs. 44%; P = 0.01). MC1R R/R genotype was much more frequent in our amelanotic/hypomelanotic melanoma population (31.1% vs. 11%; P < 0.001; OR 26.4 vs. 5.9; control 1.0). Amelanotic/hypomelanotic melanoma was associated with TYR rs1126809*A/A [OR (CI 95%) 2.7 (1.1-6.8) vs. 1.2 (0.8-1.9)] and PLA2G6 rs11570734*A/A [OR (CI 95%) 3.7 (1.0-13.6) vs. 1.3 (0.9-2.0)]. The MTAP melanoma risk SNP genotype, associated with darker pigmentation, (rs4636294*A/A) was less common in amelanotic/hypomelanotic melanoma patients [OR (CI 95%) 0.8 (0.3-2.1) vs. 2.0 (1.3-3.1)]. CONCLUSIONS Knowledge of phenotypic and genotypic associations of amelanotic/hypomelanotic melanoma can help predict risks and associations of this difficult to diagnose melanoma, which may ultimately assist clinical management and patient skin self-examination.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Rayner
- Dermatology Research Centre, The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - E K McMeniman
- Dermatology Research Centre, The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
- Dermatology Department, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - D L Duffy
- Dermatology Research Centre, The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - B De'Ambrosis
- Dermatology Department, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
- South East Dermatology, Annerley Square, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - B M Smithers
- Queensland Melanoma Project, School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - K Jagirdar
- Dermatology Research Centre, The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - K J Lee
- Dermatology Research Centre, The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - H P Soyer
- Dermatology Research Centre, The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
- Dermatology Department, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - R A Sturm
- Dermatology Research Centre, The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
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46
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Fischer KE, Riddle NC. Sex Differences in Aging: Genomic Instability. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2019; 73:166-174. [PMID: 28575157 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glx105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is characterized by decreasing physiological integration, reduced function, loss of resilience, and increased risk of death. Paradoxically, although women live longer, they suffer greater morbidity particularly late in life. These sex differences in human lifespan and healthspan are consistently observed in all countries and during every era for which reliable data exist. While these differences are ubiquitous in humans, evidence of sex differences in longevity and health for other species is more equivocal. Among fruit flies, nematodes, and mice, sex differences in lifespan vary depending on strain and treatment. In this review, we focus on sex differences in age-related alterations in DNA damage and mutation rates, telomere attrition, epigenetics, and nuclear architecture. We find that robust sex differences exist, eg, the higher incidence of DNA damage in men compared to women, but sex differences are not often conserved between species. For most mechanisms reviewed here, there are insufficient data to make a clear determination regarding the impact of sex, largely because sex differences have not been analyzed. Overall, our findings reveal an urgent need for well-designed studies that explicitly examine sex differences in molecular drivers of aging.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicole C Riddle
- Department of Biology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham
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47
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Defining the impact of mutation accumulation on replicative lifespan in yeast using cancer-associated mutator phenotypes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:3062-3071. [PMID: 30718408 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1815966116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations accumulate within somatic cells and have been proposed to contribute to aging. It is unclear what level of mutation burden may be required to consistently reduce cellular lifespan. Human cancers driven by a mutator phenotype represent an intriguing model to test this hypothesis, since they carry the highest mutation burdens of any human cell. However, it remains technically challenging to measure the replicative lifespan of individual mammalian cells. Here, we modeled the consequences of cancer-related mutator phenotypes on lifespan using yeast defective for mismatch repair (MMR) and/or leading strand (Polε) or lagging strand (Polδ) DNA polymerase proofreading. Only haploid mutator cells with significant lifetime mutation accumulation (MA) exhibited shorter lifespans. Diploid strains, derived by mating haploids of various genotypes, carried variable numbers of fixed mutations and a range of mutator phenotypes. Some diploid strains with fewer than two mutations per megabase displayed a 25% decrease in lifespan, suggesting that moderate numbers of random heterozygous mutations can increase mortality rate. As mutation rates and burdens climbed, lifespan steadily eroded. Strong diploid mutator phenotypes produced a form of genetic anticipation with regard to aging, where the longer a lineage persisted, the shorter lived cells became. Using MA lines, we established a relationship between mutation burden and lifespan, as well as population doubling time. Our observations define a threshold of random mutation burden that consistently decreases cellular longevity in diploid yeast cells. Many human cancers carry comparable mutation burdens, suggesting that while cancers appear immortal, individual cancer cells may suffer diminished lifespan due to accrued mutation burden.
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48
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Approaches and Methods for Variant Analysis in the Genome of a Single Cell. HEALTHY AGEING AND LONGEVITY 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-24970-0_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Seplyarskiy VB, Akkuratov EE, Akkuratova N, Andrianova MA, Nikolaev SI, Bazykin GA, Adameyko I, Sunyaev SR. Error-prone bypass of DNA lesions during lagging-strand replication is a common source of germline and cancer mutations. Nat Genet 2019; 51:36-41. [PMID: 30510240 PMCID: PMC6317876 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-018-0285-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Studies in experimental systems have identified a multitude of mutational mechanisms including DNA replication infidelity and DNA damage followed by inefficient repair or replicative bypass. However, the relative contributions of these mechanisms to human germline mutation remain unknown. Here, we show that error-prone damage bypass on the lagging strand plays a major role in human mutagenesis. Transcription-coupled DNA repair removes lesions on the transcribed strand; lesions on the non-transcribed strand are preferentially converted into mutations. In human polymorphism we detect a striking similarity between mutation types predominant on the non-transcribed strand and on the strand lagging during replication. Moreover, damage-induced mutations in cancers accumulate asymmetrically with respect to the direction of replication, suggesting that DNA lesions are resolved asymmetrically. We experimentally demonstrate that replication delay greatly attenuates the mutagenic effect of ultraviolet irradiation, confirming that replication converts DNA damage into mutations. We estimate that at least 10% of human mutations arise due to DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir B Seplyarskiy
- Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Institute for Information Transmission Problems (Kharkevich Institute), Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Evgeny E Akkuratov
- Institute of Translational Biomedicine, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Applied Physics, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Natalia Akkuratova
- Institute of Translational Biomedicine, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | | | - Sergey I Nikolaev
- Inserm U981, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Université Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Université Paris 7, St. Louis Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Georgii A Bazykin
- Institute for Information Transmission Problems (Kharkevich Institute), Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Skolkovo, Russia
| | - Igor Adameyko
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Shamil R Sunyaev
- Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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Cheng CJ, Nelson JF. Physiological basis for sex-specific differences in longevity. CURRENT OPINION IN PHYSIOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cophys.2018.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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