1
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Hipp MS, Hartl FU. Interplay of Proteostasis Capacity and Protein Aggregation: Implications for Cellular Function and Disease. J Mol Biol 2024:168615. [PMID: 38759929 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2024.168615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
Eukaryotic cells are equipped with an intricate proteostasis network (PN), comprising nearly 3,000 components dedicated to preserving proteome integrity and sustaining protein homeostasis. This protective system is particularly important under conditions of external and intrinsic cell stress, where inherently dynamic proteins may unfold and lose functionality. A decline in proteostasis capacity is associated with the aging process, resulting in a reduced folding efficiency of newly synthesized proteins and a deficit in the cellular capacity to degrade misfolded proteins. A critical consequence of PN insufficiency is the accumulation of cytotoxic protein aggregates that underlie various age-related neurodegenerative conditions and other pathologies. By interfering with specific proteostasis components, toxic aggregates place an excessive burden on the PN's ability to maintain proteome integrity. This initiates a feed-forward loop, wherein the generation of misfolded and aggregated proteins ultimately leads to proteostasis collapse and cellular demise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark S Hipp
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan, 1, 9713 AV Groningen, the Netherlands; Research School of Behavioural and Cognitive Neurosciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany.
| | - F Ulrich Hartl
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152 Martinsried, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany; Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, USA.
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2
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De Michele G, Maione L, Cocozza S, Tranfa M, Pane C, Galatolo D, De Rosa A, De Michele G, Saccà F, Filla A. Ataxia and Hypogonadism: a Review of the Associated Genes and Syndromes. CEREBELLUM (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2024; 23:688-701. [PMID: 36997834 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-023-01549-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023]
Abstract
The association of hypogonadism and cerebellar ataxia was first recognized in 1908 by Gordon Holmes. Since the seminal description, several heterogeneous phenotypes have been reported, differing for age at onset, associated features, and gonadotropins levels. In the last decade, the genetic bases of these disorders are being progressively uncovered. Here, we review the diseases associating ataxia and hypogonadism and the corresponding causative genes. In the first part of this study, we focus on clinical syndromes and genes (RNF216, STUB1, PNPLA6, AARS2, SIL1, SETX) predominantly associated with ataxia and hypogonadism as cardinal features. In the second part, we mention clinical syndromes and genes (POLR3A, CLPP, ERAL1, HARS, HSD17B4, LARS2, TWNK, POLG, ATM, WFS1, PMM2, FMR1) linked to complex phenotypes that include, among other features, ataxia and hypogonadism. We propose a diagnostic algorithm for patients with ataxia and hypogonadism, and we discuss the possible common etiopathogenetic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna De Michele
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, Federico II University, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy.
| | - Luigi Maione
- Department of Endocrinology and Reproductive Diseases, Paris-Saclay University, Bicêtre Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Le Kremlin Bicetre, Paris, France
| | - Sirio Cocozza
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Mario Tranfa
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Chiara Pane
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, Federico II University, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Daniele Galatolo
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Fondazione Stella Maris, Pisa, Italy
| | - Anna De Rosa
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, Federico II University, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe De Michele
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, Federico II University, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Saccà
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, Federico II University, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Alessandro Filla
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, Federico II University, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
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Mann MJ, Melendez-Suchi C, Vorndran HE, Sukhoplyasova M, Flory AR, Irvine MC, Iyer AR, Guerriero CJ, Brodsky JL, Hendershot LM, Buck TM. Loss of Grp170 results in catastrophic disruption of endoplasmic reticulum function. Mol Biol Cell 2024; 35:ar59. [PMID: 38446639 PMCID: PMC11064666 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e24-01-0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
GRP170 (Hyou1) is required for mouse embryonic development, and its ablation in kidney nephrons leads to renal failure. Unlike most chaperones, GRP170 is the lone member of its chaperone family in the ER lumen. However, the cellular requirement for GRP170, which both binds nonnative proteins and acts as nucleotide exchange factor for BiP, is poorly understood. Here, we report on the isolation of mouse embryonic fibroblasts obtained from mice in which LoxP sites were engineered in the Hyou1 loci (Hyou1LoxP/LoxP). A doxycycline-regulated Cre recombinase was stably introduced into these cells. Induction of Cre resulted in depletion of Grp170 protein which culminated in cell death. As Grp170 levels fell we observed a portion of BiP fractionating with insoluble material, increased binding of BiP to a client with a concomitant reduction in its turnover, and reduced solubility of an aggregation-prone BiP substrate. Consistent with disrupted BiP functions, we observed reactivation of BiP and induction of the unfolded protein response (UPR) in futile attempts to provide compensatory increases in ER chaperones and folding enzymes. Together, these results provide insights into the cellular consequences of controlled Grp170 loss and provide hypotheses as to why mutations in the Hyou1 locus are linked to human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa J. Mann
- Department of Tumor Cell Biology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 30105
| | - Chris Melendez-Suchi
- Department of Tumor Cell Biology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 30105
| | - Hannah E. Vorndran
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260
| | - Maria Sukhoplyasova
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260
| | - Ashley R. Flory
- Department of Tumor Cell Biology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 30105
| | - Mary Carson Irvine
- Department of Tumor Cell Biology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 30105
| | - Anuradha R. Iyer
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260
| | | | - Jeffrey L. Brodsky
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260
| | - Linda M. Hendershot
- Department of Tumor Cell Biology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 30105
| | - Teresa M. Buck
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260
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4
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Cioffi E, Coppola G, Musumeci O, Gallone S, Silvestri G, Rossi S, Piemonte F, D'Amico J, Tessa A, Santorelli FM, Casali C. Hereditary spastic paraparesis type 46 (SPG46): new GBA2 variants in a large Italian case series and review of the literature. Neurogenetics 2024; 25:51-67. [PMID: 38334933 PMCID: PMC11076336 DOI: 10.1007/s10048-024-00749-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Hereditary spastic paraparesis (HSP) is a group of central nervous system diseases primarily affecting the spinal upper motor neurons, with different inheritance patterns and phenotypes. SPG46 is a rare, early-onset and autosomal recessive HSP, linked to biallelic GBA2 mutations. About thirty families have been described worldwide, with different phenotypes like complicated HSP, recessive cerebellar ataxia or Marinesco-Sjögren Syndrome. Herein, we report five SPG46 patients harbouring five novel GBA2 mutations, the largest series described in Italy so far. Probands were enrolled in five different centres and underwent neurological examination, clinical cognitive assessment, column imaging for scoliosis assessment, ophthalmologic examination, brain imaging, GBA2 activity in peripheral blood cells and genetic testing. Their phenotype was consistent with HSP, with notable features like upper gaze palsy and movement disorders. We review demographic, genetic, biochemical and clinical information from all documented cases in the existing literature, focusing on the global distribution of cases, the features of the syndrome, its variable presentation, new potential identifying features and the significance of measuring GBA2 enzyme activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ettore Cioffi
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, University of Rome Sapienza, Latina, Italy.
| | - Gianluca Coppola
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, University of Rome Sapienza, Latina, Italy
| | - Olimpia Musumeci
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Salvatore Gallone
- Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Neurologia 1, A.O.U. Città Della Salute E Della Scienza, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Gabriella Silvestri
- Dipartimento Di Neuroscienze, Sez. Neurologia, Facoltà Di Medicina E Chirurgia, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
- Dipartimento Di Neuroscienze, Organi Di Senso E Torace, UOC Neurologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Salvatore Rossi
- Dipartimento Di Neuroscienze, Sez. Neurologia, Facoltà Di Medicina E Chirurgia, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Fiorella Piemonte
- Unit of Muscular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Children's Hospital Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Jessica D'Amico
- Unit of Muscular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Children's Hospital Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Tessa
- IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, Calambrone, Via Dei Giacinti 2, 56128, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Carlo Casali
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, University of Rome Sapienza, Latina, Italy
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Zhang SX, Wang JJ, Starr CR, Lee EJ, Park KS, Zhylkibayev A, Medina A, Lin JH, Gorbatyuk M. The endoplasmic reticulum: Homeostasis and crosstalk in retinal health and disease. Prog Retin Eye Res 2024; 98:101231. [PMID: 38092262 PMCID: PMC11056313 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2023.101231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the largest intracellular organelle carrying out a broad range of important cellular functions including protein biosynthesis, folding, and trafficking, lipid and sterol biosynthesis, carbohydrate metabolism, and calcium storage and gated release. In addition, the ER makes close contact with multiple intracellular organelles such as mitochondria and the plasma membrane to actively regulate the biogenesis, remodeling, and function of these organelles. Therefore, maintaining a homeostatic and functional ER is critical for the survival and function of cells. This vital process is implemented through well-orchestrated signaling pathways of the unfolded protein response (UPR). The UPR is activated when misfolded or unfolded proteins accumulate in the ER, a condition known as ER stress, and functions to restore ER homeostasis thus promoting cell survival. However, prolonged activation or dysregulation of the UPR can lead to cell death and other detrimental events such as inflammation and oxidative stress; these processes are implicated in the pathogenesis of many human diseases including retinal disorders. In this review manuscript, we discuss the unique features of the ER and ER stress signaling in the retina and retinal neurons and describe recent advances in the research to uncover the role of ER stress signaling in neurodegenerative retinal diseases including age-related macular degeneration, inherited retinal degeneration, achromatopsia and cone diseases, and diabetic retinopathy. In some chapters, we highlight the complex interactions between the ER and other intracellular organelles focusing on mitochondria and illustrate how ER stress signaling regulates common cellular stress pathways such as autophagy. We also touch upon the integrated stress response in retinal degeneration and diabetic retinopathy. Finally, we provide an update on the current development of pharmacological agents targeting the UPR response and discuss some unresolved questions and knowledge gaps to be addressed by future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah X Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Ross Eye Institute, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, United States; Department of Biochemistry, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, United States.
| | - Josh J Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Ross Eye Institute, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Christopher R Starr
- Department of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Eun-Jin Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology and Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States; VA Palo Alto Healthcare System, Palo Alto, CA, United States; Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Karen Sophia Park
- Department of Ophthalmology and Ross Eye Institute, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Assylbek Zhylkibayev
- Department of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Andy Medina
- Department of Ophthalmology and Ross Eye Institute, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Jonathan H Lin
- Department of Ophthalmology and Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States; VA Palo Alto Healthcare System, Palo Alto, CA, United States; Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Marina Gorbatyuk
- Department of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
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Mann MJ, Melendez-Suchi C, Sukhoplyasova M, Flory AR, Carson Irvine M, Iyer AR, Vorndran H, Guerriero CJ, Brodsky JL, Hendershot LM, Buck TM. Loss of Grp170 results in catastrophic disruption of endoplasmic reticulum functions. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.10.19.563191. [PMID: 37905119 PMCID: PMC10614942 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.19.563191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
GRP170, a product of the Hyou1 gene, is required for mouse embryonic development, and its ablation in kidney nephrons leads to renal failure. Unlike most chaperones, GRP170 is the lone member of its chaperone family in the ER lumen. However, the cellular requirement for GRP170, which both binds non-native proteins and acts as nucleotide exchange factor for BiP, is poorly understood. Here, we report on the isolation of embryonic fibroblasts from mice in which LoxP sites were engineered in the Hyou1 loci ( Hyou1 LoxP/LoxP ). A doxycycline-regulated Cre recombinase was also stably introduced into these cells. Induction of Cre resulted in excision of Hyou1 and depletion of Grp170 protein, culminating in apoptotic cell death. As Grp170 levels fell we observed increased steady-state binding of BiP to a client, slowed degradation of a misfolded BiP substrate, and BiP accumulation in NP40-insoluble fractions. Consistent with disrupted BiP functions, we observed reactivation of BiP storage pools and induction of the unfolded protein response (UPR) in futile attempts to provide compensatory increases in ER chaperones and folding enzymes. Together, these results provide insights into the cellular consequences of controlled Grp170 loss and insights into mutations in the Hyou1 locus and human disease.
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7
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Distinctive chaperonopathy in skeletal muscle associated with the dominant variant in DNAJB4. Acta Neuropathol 2023; 145:235-255. [PMID: 36512060 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-022-02530-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
DnaJ homolog, subfamily B, member 4, a member of the heat shock protein 40 chaperones encoded by DNAJB4, is highly expressed in myofibers. We identified a heterozygous c.270 T > A (p.F90L) variant in DNAJB4 in a family with a dominantly inherited distal myopathy, in which affected members have specific features on muscle pathology represented by the presence of cytoplasmic inclusions and the accumulation of desmin, p62, HSP70, and DNAJB4 predominantly in type 1 fibers. Both Dnajb4F90L knockin and knockout mice developed muscle weakness and recapitulated the patient muscle pathology in the soleus muscle, where DNAJB4 has the highest expression. These data indicate that the identified variant is causative, resulting in defective chaperone function and selective muscle degeneration in specific muscle fibers. This study demonstrates the importance of DNAJB4 in skeletal muscle proteostasis by identifying the associated chaperonopathy.
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Bracher A, Verghese J. Nucleotide Exchange Factors for Hsp70 Molecular Chaperones: GrpE, Hsp110/Grp170, HspBP1/Sil1, and BAG Domain Proteins. Subcell Biochem 2023; 101:1-39. [PMID: 36520302 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-14740-1_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Molecular chaperones of the Hsp70 family are key components of the cellular protein-folding machinery. Substrate folding is accomplished by iterative cycles of ATP binding, hydrolysis, and release. The ATPase activity of Hsp70 is regulated by two main classes of cochaperones: J-domain proteins stimulate ATPase hydrolysis by Hsp70, while nucleotide exchange factors (NEFs) facilitate the conversion from the ADP-bound to the ATP-bound state, thus closing the chaperone folding cycle. NEF function can additionally be antagonized by ADP dissociation inhibitors. Beginning with the discovery of the prototypical bacterial NEF, GrpE, a large diversity of nucleotide exchange factors for Hsp70 have been identified, connecting it to a multitude of cellular processes in the eukaryotic cell. Here we review recent advances toward structure and function of nucleotide exchange factors from the Hsp110/Grp170, HspBP1/Sil1, and BAG domain protein families and discuss how these cochaperones connect protein folding with cellular quality control and degradation pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Bracher
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, Max-Planck-Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany.
| | - Jacob Verghese
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, Max-Planck-Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
- Trophic Communications GmbH, Munich, Germany
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Melnyk A, Lang S, Sicking M, Zimmermann R, Jung M. Co-chaperones of the Human Endoplasmic Reticulum: An Update. Subcell Biochem 2023; 101:247-291. [PMID: 36520310 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-14740-1_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In mammalian cells, the rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER) plays central roles in the biogenesis of extracellular plus organellar proteins and in various signal transduction pathways. For these reasons, the ER comprises molecular chaperones, which are involved in import, folding, assembly, export, plus degradation of polypeptides, and signal transduction components, such as calcium channels, calcium pumps, and UPR transducers plus adenine nucleotide carriers/exchangers in the ER membrane. The calcium- and ATP-dependent ER lumenal Hsp70, termed immunoglobulin heavy-chain-binding protein or BiP, is the central player in all these activities and involves up to nine different Hsp40-type co-chaperones, i.e., ER membrane integrated as well as ER lumenal J-domain proteins, termed ERj or ERdj proteins, two nucleotide exchange factors or NEFs (Grp170 and Sil1), and NEF-antagonists, such as MANF. Here we summarize the current knowledge on the ER-resident BiP/ERj chaperone network and focus on the interaction of BiP with the polypeptide-conducting and calcium-permeable Sec61 channel of the ER membrane as an example for BiP action and how its functional cycle is linked to ER protein import and various calcium-dependent signal transduction pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armin Melnyk
- Medical Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Sven Lang
- Medical Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Mark Sicking
- Medical Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Richard Zimmermann
- Medical Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany.
| | - Martin Jung
- Medical Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
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Lipid Dyshomeostasis and Inherited Cerebellar Ataxia. Mol Neurobiol 2022; 59:3800-3828. [PMID: 35420383 PMCID: PMC9148275 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-02826-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Cerebellar ataxia is a form of ataxia that originates from dysfunction of the cerebellum, but may involve additional neurological tissues. Its clinical symptoms are mainly characterized by the absence of voluntary muscle coordination and loss of control of movement with varying manifestations due to differences in severity, in the site of cerebellar damage and in the involvement of extracerebellar tissues. Cerebellar ataxia may be sporadic, acquired, and hereditary. Hereditary ataxia accounts for the majority of cases. Hereditary ataxia has been tentatively divided into several subtypes by scientists in the field, and nearly all of them remain incurable. This is mainly because the detailed mechanisms of these cerebellar disorders are incompletely understood. To precisely diagnose and treat these diseases, studies on their molecular mechanisms have been conducted extensively in the past. Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that some common pathogenic mechanisms exist within each subtype of inherited ataxia. However, no reports have indicated whether there is a common mechanism among the different subtypes of inherited cerebellar ataxia. In this review, we summarize the available references and databases on neurological disorders characterized by cerebellar ataxia and show that a subset of genes involved in lipid homeostasis form a new group that may cause ataxic disorders through a common mechanism. This common signaling pathway can provide a valuable reference for future diagnosis and treatment of ataxic disorders.
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Reduced DNAJC3 Expression Affects Protein Translocation across the ER Membrane and Attenuates the Down-Modulating Effect of the Translocation Inhibitor Cyclotriazadisulfonamide. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23020584. [PMID: 35054769 PMCID: PMC8775681 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the reported substrates for the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) translocation inhibitor cyclotriazadisulfonamide (CADA) is DNAJC3, a chaperone of the unfolded protein response during ER stress. In this study, we investigated the impact of altered DNAJC3 protein levels on the inhibitory activity of CADA. By comparing WT DNAJC3 with a CADA-resistant DNAJC3 mutant, we observed the enhanced sensitivity of human CD4, PTK7 and ERLEC1 for CADA when DNAJC3 was expressed at high levels. Combined treatment of CADA with a proteasome inhibitor resulted in synergistic inhibition of protein translocation and in the rescue of a small preprotein fraction, which presumably corresponds to the CADA affected protein fraction that is stalled at the Sec61 translocon. We demonstrate that DNAJC3 enhances the protein translation of a reporter protein that is expressed downstream of the CADA-stalled substrate, suggesting that DNAJC3 promotes the clearance of the clogged translocon. We propose a model in which a reduced DNAJC3 level by CADA slows down the clearance of CADA-stalled substrates. This results in higher residual translocation into the ER lumen due to the longer dwelling time of the temporarily stalled substrates in the translocon. Thus, by directly reducing DNAJC3 protein levels, CADA attenuates its net down-modulating effect on its substrates.
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12
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Identification of novel mutations by targeted NGS in Moroccan families clinically diagnosed with a neuromuscular disorder. Clin Chim Acta 2022; 524:51-58. [PMID: 34852264 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2021.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The identification of underlying genes of genetic conditions has expanded greatly in the past decades, which has broadened the field of genes responsible for inherited neuromuscular diseases. We aimed to investigate mutations associated with neuromuscular disorders phenotypes in 2 Moroccan families. MATERIAL AND METHODS Next-generation sequencing combined with Sanger sequencing could assist with understanding the hereditary variety and underlying disease mechanisms in these disorders. RESULTS Two novel homozygous mutations were described in this study. The SIL1 mutation is the first identified in the Moroccan population, the mutation was identified as the main cause of Marinesco-Sjogren syndrome in one patient. While the second mutation identified in the fatty acid 2-hydroxylase gene (FA2H) was associated with the Spastic paraplegia 35 in another patient, both transmitted in an autosomal recessive pattern. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS These conditions are extremely rare in the North African population and may be underdiagnosed due to overlapping clinical characteristics and heterogeneity of these diseases. We have reported in this study mutations associated with the diseases found in the patients. In addition, we have narrowed the phenotypic spectrum, as well as the diagnostic orientation of patients with neuromuscular disorders, who might have very similar symptoms to other disease groups.
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13
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Potenza F, Cufaro MC, Di Biase L, Panella V, Di Campli A, Ruggieri AG, Dufrusine B, Restelli E, Pietrangelo L, Protasi F, Pieragostino D, De Laurenzi V, Federici L, Chiesa R, Sallese M. Proteomic Analysis of Marinesco-Sjogren Syndrome Fibroblasts Indicates Pro-Survival Metabolic Adaptation to SIL1 Loss. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12449. [PMID: 34830330 PMCID: PMC8620507 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Marinesco-Sjogren syndrome (MSS) is a rare multisystem pediatric disorder, caused by loss-of-function mutations in the gene encoding the endoplasmic reticulum cochaperone SIL1. SIL1 acts as a nucleotide exchange factor for BiP, which plays a central role in secretory protein folding. SIL1 mutant cells have reduced BiP-assisted protein folding, cannot fulfil their protein needs, and experience chronic activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR). Maladaptive UPR may explain the cerebellar and skeletal muscle degeneration responsible for the ataxia and muscle weakness typical of MSS. However, the cause of other more variable, clinical manifestations, such as mild to severe mental retardation, hypogonadism, short stature, and skeletal deformities, is less clear. To gain insights into the pathogenic mechanisms and/or adaptive responses to SIL1 loss, we carried out cell biological and proteomic investigations in skin fibroblasts derived from a young patient carrying the SIL1 R111X mutation. Despite fibroblasts not being overtly affected in MSS, we found morphological and biochemical changes indicative of UPR activation and altered cell metabolism. All the cell machineries involved in RNA splicing and translation were strongly downregulated, while protein degradation via lysosome-based structures was boosted, consistent with an attempt of the cell to reduce the workload of the endoplasmic reticulum and dispose of misfolded proteins. Cell metabolism was extensively affected as we observed a reduction in lipid synthesis, an increase in beta oxidation, and an enhancement of the tricarboxylic acid cycle, with upregulation of eight of its enzymes. Finally, the catabolic pathways of various amino acids, including valine, leucine, isoleucine, tryptophan, lysine, aspartate, and phenylalanine, were enhanced, while the biosynthetic pathways of arginine, serine, glycine, and cysteine were reduced. These results indicate that, in addition to UPR activation and increased protein degradation, MSS fibroblasts have profound metabolic alterations, which may help them cope with the absence of SIL1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Potenza
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine and Dentistry, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (F.P.); (L.D.B.); (A.G.R.); (B.D.); (D.P.); (V.D.L.); (L.F.)
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (M.C.C.); (A.D.C.); (L.P.); (F.P.)
| | - Maria Concetta Cufaro
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (M.C.C.); (A.D.C.); (L.P.); (F.P.)
- Department of Pharmacy, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Linda Di Biase
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine and Dentistry, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (F.P.); (L.D.B.); (A.G.R.); (B.D.); (D.P.); (V.D.L.); (L.F.)
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (M.C.C.); (A.D.C.); (L.P.); (F.P.)
| | - Valeria Panella
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy;
| | - Antonella Di Campli
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (M.C.C.); (A.D.C.); (L.P.); (F.P.)
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry (IBP), Italian National Research Council (CNR), 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Anna Giulia Ruggieri
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine and Dentistry, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (F.P.); (L.D.B.); (A.G.R.); (B.D.); (D.P.); (V.D.L.); (L.F.)
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (M.C.C.); (A.D.C.); (L.P.); (F.P.)
| | - Beatrice Dufrusine
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine and Dentistry, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (F.P.); (L.D.B.); (A.G.R.); (B.D.); (D.P.); (V.D.L.); (L.F.)
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (M.C.C.); (A.D.C.); (L.P.); (F.P.)
| | - Elena Restelli
- Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, 20156 Milano, Italy; (E.R.); (R.C.)
| | - Laura Pietrangelo
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (M.C.C.); (A.D.C.); (L.P.); (F.P.)
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Feliciano Protasi
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (M.C.C.); (A.D.C.); (L.P.); (F.P.)
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Damiana Pieragostino
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine and Dentistry, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (F.P.); (L.D.B.); (A.G.R.); (B.D.); (D.P.); (V.D.L.); (L.F.)
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (M.C.C.); (A.D.C.); (L.P.); (F.P.)
| | - Vincenzo De Laurenzi
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine and Dentistry, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (F.P.); (L.D.B.); (A.G.R.); (B.D.); (D.P.); (V.D.L.); (L.F.)
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (M.C.C.); (A.D.C.); (L.P.); (F.P.)
| | - Luca Federici
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine and Dentistry, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (F.P.); (L.D.B.); (A.G.R.); (B.D.); (D.P.); (V.D.L.); (L.F.)
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (M.C.C.); (A.D.C.); (L.P.); (F.P.)
| | - Roberto Chiesa
- Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, 20156 Milano, Italy; (E.R.); (R.C.)
| | - Michele Sallese
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine and Dentistry, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (F.P.); (L.D.B.); (A.G.R.); (B.D.); (D.P.); (V.D.L.); (L.F.)
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (M.C.C.); (A.D.C.); (L.P.); (F.P.)
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14
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Molecular and cellular basis of genetically inherited skeletal muscle disorders. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2021; 22:713-732. [PMID: 34257452 PMCID: PMC9686310 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-021-00389-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Neuromuscular disorders comprise a diverse group of human inborn diseases that arise from defects in the structure and/or function of the muscle tissue - encompassing the muscle cells (myofibres) themselves and their extracellular matrix - or muscle fibre innervation. Since the identification in 1987 of the first genetic lesion associated with a neuromuscular disorder - mutations in dystrophin as an underlying cause of Duchenne muscular dystrophy - the field has made tremendous progress in understanding the genetic basis of these diseases, with pathogenic variants in more than 500 genes now identified as underlying causes of neuromuscular disorders. The subset of neuromuscular disorders that affect skeletal muscle are referred to as myopathies or muscular dystrophies, and are due to variants in genes encoding muscle proteins. Many of these proteins provide structural stability to the myofibres or function in regulating sarcolemmal integrity, whereas others are involved in protein turnover, intracellular trafficking, calcium handling and electrical excitability - processes that ensure myofibre resistance to stress and their primary activity in muscle contraction. In this Review, we discuss how defects in muscle proteins give rise to muscle dysfunction, and ultimately to disease, with a focus on pathologies that are most common, best understood and that provide the most insight into muscle biology.
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15
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Gonzalez-Latapi P, Sousa M, Lang AE. Movement Disorders Associated with Hypogonadism. Mov Disord Clin Pract 2021; 8:997-1011. [PMID: 34631935 DOI: 10.1002/mdc3.13308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
A variety of movement disorders can be associated with hypogonadism. Identification of this association may aid in guiding workup and reaching an accurate diagnosis. We conducted a comprehensive and structured search to identify the most common movement disorders associated with hypogonadism. Only Case Reports and Case Series articles were included. Ataxia was the most common movement disorder associated with hypogonadism, including entities such as Gordon-Holmes syndrome, Boucher-Neuhäuser, Marinesco-Sjögren and Perrault syndrome. Tremor was also commonly described, particularly with aneuploidies such as Klinefelter syndrome and Jacob's syndrome. Other rare conditions including mitochondrial disorders and Woodhouse-Sakati syndrome are associated with dystonia and parkinsonism and either hypo or hypergonadotropic hypogonadism. We also highlight those entities where a combination of movement disorders is present. Hypogonadism may be more commonly associated with movement disorders than previously appreciated. It is important for the clinician to be aware of this association, as well as accompanying symptoms in order to reach a precise diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Gonzalez-Latapi
- The Edmond J. Safra Program for Parkinson Disease, Movement Disorder Clinic Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Mario Sousa
- The Edmond J. Safra Program for Parkinson Disease, Movement Disorder Clinic Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Anthony E Lang
- The Edmond J. Safra Program for Parkinson Disease, Movement Disorder Clinic Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network Toronto Ontario Canada.,Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
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16
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Jennings MJ, Hathazi D, Nguyen CDL, Munro B, Münchberg U, Ahrends R, Schenck A, Eidhof I, Freier E, Synofzik M, Horvath R, Roos A. Intracellular Lipid Accumulation and Mitochondrial Dysfunction Accompanies Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Caused by Loss of the Co-chaperone DNAJC3. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:710247. [PMID: 34692675 PMCID: PMC8526738 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.710247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Recessive mutations in DNAJC3, an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident BiP co-chaperone, have been identified in patients with multisystemic neurodegeneration and diabetes mellitus. To further unravel these pathomechanisms, we employed a non-biased proteomic approach and identified dysregulation of several key cellular pathways, suggesting a pathophysiological interplay of perturbed lipid metabolism, mitochondrial bioenergetics, ER-Golgi function, and amyloid-beta processing. Further functional investigations in fibroblasts of patients with DNAJC3 mutations detected cellular accumulation of lipids and an increased sensitivity to cholesterol stress, which led to activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR), alterations of the ER-Golgi machinery, and a defect of amyloid precursor protein. In line with the results of previous studies, we describe here alterations in mitochondrial morphology and function, as a major contributor to the DNAJC3 pathophysiology. Hence, we propose that the loss of DNAJC3 affects lipid/cholesterol homeostasis, leading to UPR activation, β-amyloid accumulation, and impairment of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J. Jennings
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Denisa Hathazi
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften – ISAS – e.V., Dortmund, Germany
| | - Chi D. L. Nguyen
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften – ISAS – e.V., Dortmund, Germany
| | - Benjamin Munro
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Ute Münchberg
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften – ISAS – e.V., Dortmund, Germany
| | - Robert Ahrends
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften – ISAS – e.V., Dortmund, Germany
| | - Annette Schenck
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Ilse Eidhof
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Erik Freier
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften – ISAS – e.V., Dortmund, Germany
| | - Matthis Synofzik
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Rita Horvath
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Andreas Roos
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften – ISAS – e.V., Dortmund, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Developmental Neurology and Social Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital University of Essen, Essen, Germany
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17
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Alwatban S, Alfaraidi H, Alosaimi A, Alluhaydan I, Alfadhel M, Polak M, Almutair A. Case Report: Homozygous DNAJC3 Mutation Causes Monogenic Diabetes Mellitus Associated With Pancreatic Atrophy. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:742278. [PMID: 34630333 PMCID: PMC8497828 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.742278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction DNAJC3, abundant in the pancreatic cells, attenuates endoplasmic reticulum stress. Homozygous DNAJC3 mutations have been reported to cause non-immune juvenile-onset diabetes, neurodegeneration, hearing loss, short stature, and hypothyroidism. Case Description We report a case of homozygous DNAJC3 mutation in two siblings of a consanguineous family. A 3-year-old boy presented with short stature and a thyroid nodule. Laboratory findings confirmed hypothyroidism. Subsequently, levothyroxine was administered. Growth hormone (GH) stimulation test results were within the normal limits. His stature was exceedingly short (80.5 cm) (-3.79 SDS). The patient developed sensorineural hearing loss at age 6 years; his intellectual functioning was impaired. Recombinant Human Growth Hormine (rhGH) treatment was postponed until the age of 6.9 years due to a strong family history of diabetes. At age 9 years, he developed an ataxic gait. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed neurodegeneration. The patient developed diabetes at the age of 11 years-5 years after the initiation of rhGH treatment. Tests for markers of autoimmune diabetes were negative. Lifestyle modification was introduced, but insulin therapy was eventually required. Whole-exome-sequencing (WES) revealed a homozygous DNAJC3 mutation, which explained his clinical presentation. MRI revealed a small, atrophic pancreas. At the age of 17, his final adult height was 143 cm (-4.7 SDS). His elder brother, who had the same mutation, had a similar history, except that he had milder ataxia and normal brain MRI finding at the age of 28 years. Conclusion We propose that DNAJC3 mutation can be considered as a cause of maturity onset diabetes of the young. Patients with DNAJC3 mutations may possess a small atrophic pancreas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saud Alwatban
- College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs (MNG-HA), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre (KAIMRC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Haifa Alfaraidi
- College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs (MNG-HA), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre (KAIMRC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pediatrics, King Abdullah Specialized Children's Hospital, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs (MNG-HA), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz Alosaimi
- College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs (MNG-HA), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Medical Imaging Department, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs (MNG-HA), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Iram Alluhaydan
- Genetics and Precision Medicine department, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs (MNG-HA), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Majid Alfadhel
- College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs (MNG-HA), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Genetics and Precision Medicine department, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs (MNG-HA), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Medical Genomics Research Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre (KAIMRC), King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs (MNG-HA), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Michel Polak
- Pediatric Endocrinology, Gynecology, and Diabetology Department, Necker University Children's Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, IMAGINE Institute affiliate, INSERM U1163; INSERM U1016, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Angham Almutair
- College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs (MNG-HA), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre (KAIMRC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pediatrics, King Abdullah Specialized Children's Hospital, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs (MNG-HA), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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18
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Sicking M, Lang S, Bochen F, Roos A, Drenth JPH, Zakaria M, Zimmermann R, Linxweiler M. Complexity and Specificity of Sec61-Channelopathies: Human Diseases Affecting Gating of the Sec61 Complex. Cells 2021; 10:1036. [PMID: 33925740 PMCID: PMC8147068 DOI: 10.3390/cells10051036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of nucleated human cells has crucial functions in protein biogenesis, calcium (Ca2+) homeostasis, and signal transduction. Among the roughly one hundred components, which are involved in protein import and protein folding or assembly, two components stand out: The Sec61 complex and BiP. The Sec61 complex in the ER membrane represents the major entry point for precursor polypeptides into the membrane or lumen of the ER and provides a conduit for Ca2+ ions from the ER lumen to the cytosol. The second component, the Hsp70-type molecular chaperone immunoglobulin heavy chain binding protein, short BiP, plays central roles in protein folding and assembly (hence its name), protein import, cellular Ca2+ homeostasis, and various intracellular signal transduction pathways. For the purpose of this review, we focus on these two components, their relevant allosteric effectors and on the question of how their respective functional cycles are linked in order to reconcile the apparently contradictory features of the ER membrane, selective permeability for precursor polypeptides, and impermeability for Ca2+. The key issues are that the Sec61 complex exists in two conformations: An open and a closed state that are in a dynamic equilibrium with each other, and that BiP contributes to its gating in both directions in cooperation with different co-chaperones. While the open Sec61 complex forms an aqueous polypeptide-conducting- and transiently Ca2+-permeable channel, the closed complex is impermeable even to Ca2+. Therefore, we discuss the human hereditary and tumor diseases that are linked to Sec61 channel gating, termed Sec61-channelopathies, as disturbances of selective polypeptide-impermeability and/or aberrant Ca2+-permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Sicking
- Department of Medical Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Saarland University, D-66421 Homburg, Germany;
| | - Sven Lang
- Department of Medical Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Saarland University, D-66421 Homburg, Germany;
| | - Florian Bochen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Saarland University Medical Center, D-66421 Homburg, Germany; (F.B.); (M.L.)
| | - Andreas Roos
- Department of Neuropediatrics, Essen University Hospital, D-45147 Essen, Germany;
| | - Joost P. H. Drenth
- Department of Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands;
| | - Muhammad Zakaria
- Department of Genetics, Hazara University, Mansehra 21300, Pakistan;
| | - Richard Zimmermann
- Department of Medical Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Saarland University, D-66421 Homburg, Germany;
| | - Maximilian Linxweiler
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Saarland University Medical Center, D-66421 Homburg, Germany; (F.B.); (M.L.)
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19
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Hathazi D, Cox D, D'Amico A, Tasca G, Charlton R, Carlier RY, Baumann J, Kollipara L, Zahedi RP, Feldmann I, Deleuze JF, Torella A, Cohn R, Robinson E, Ricci F, Jungbluth H, Fattori F, Boland A, O'Connor E, Horvath R, Barresi R, Lochmüller H, Urtizberea A, Jacquemont ML, Nelson I, Swan L, Bonne G, Roos A. INPP5K and SIL1 associated pathologies with overlapping clinical phenotypes converge through dysregulation of PHGDH. Brain 2021; 144:2427-2442. [PMID: 33792664 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awab133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Marinesco-Sjögren syndrome (MSS) is a rare human disorder caused by biallelic mutations in SIL1 characterized by cataracts in infancy, myopathy and ataxia, symptoms that are also associated with a novel disorder caused by mutations in INPP5K. While these phenotypic similarities may suggest commonalties at a molecular level, an overlapping pathomechanism has not been established yet. In this study, we present six new INPP5K patients and expand the current mutational and phenotypical spectrum of the disease showing the clinical overlap between MSS and the INPP5K-phenotype. We applied unbiased proteomic profiling on cells derived from MSS- and INPP5K-patients and identified alterations in D-3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase as a common molecular feature. D-3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase modulates the production of L-serine and mutations in this enzyme were previously associated with a neurological phenotype, which clinically overlaps with MSS and INPP5K-disease. As, L-serine administration represents a promising therapeutic strategy for D-3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase patients, we tested the effect of L-serine in generated sil1, phgdh and inpp5k a + b zebrafish models which showed an improvement in their neuronal phenotype. Thus our study defines a core phenotypical feature underpinning a key common molecular mechanism in three rare diseases and reveals a common and novel therapeutic target for these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denisa Hathazi
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften-ISAS-e. V, Dortmund, Germany.,Department of Clinical Neurosciences, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Dan Cox
- The John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, International Centre for Life, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Adele D'Amico
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine for Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome Italy
| | - Giorgio Tasca
- Unità Operativa Complessa di Neurologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Richard Charlton
- The John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, International Centre for Life, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Robert-Yves Carlier
- AP-HP, Service d'Imagerie Médicale, Raymond Poincaré Hospital, Garches, France.,Inserm U 1179, University of Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Versailles, France
| | - Jennifer Baumann
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften-ISAS-e. V, Dortmund, Germany
| | | | - René P Zahedi
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften-ISAS-e. V, Dortmund, Germany.,Segal Cancer Proteomics Centre, Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Ingo Feldmann
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften-ISAS-e. V, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Jean-Francois Deleuze
- Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine (CNRGH) (A.B., J.F.D.), Institut de Biologie François Jacob, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, Evry, France
| | - Annalaura Torella
- Dipartimento di Medicina di Precisione, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy and Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Ronald Cohn
- SickKids Research Institute, Department of Paediatrics and Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Emily Robinson
- Department of molecular Physiology and Cell Signalling, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool, UK
| | - Francesco Ricci
- Department of molecular Physiology and Cell Signalling, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool, UK
| | - Heinz Jungbluth
- Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Trust and King's College London, London, UK
| | - Fabiana Fattori
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine for Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome Italy
| | - Anne Boland
- Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine (CNRGH) (A.B., J.F.D.), Institut de Biologie François Jacob, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, Evry, France
| | - Emily O'Connor
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Rita Horvath
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Rita Barresi
- The John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, International Centre for Life, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Hanns Lochmüller
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada.,Department of Neuropediatrics and Muscle Disorders, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Marie-Line Jacquemont
- Unité de Génétique Médicale, Pôle Femme-Mère-Enfant, Groupe Hospitalier Sud Réunion, CHU de La Réunion, La Réunion, France
| | - Isabelle Nelson
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm UMRS974, Centre de Recherche en Myologie, Institut de Myologie, Paris, France
| | - Laura Swan
- Department of molecular Physiology and Cell Signalling, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool, UK
| | - Gisèle Bonne
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm UMRS974, Centre de Recherche en Myologie, Institut de Myologie, Paris, France
| | - Andreas Roos
- Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Trust and King's College London, London, UK.,Department of Pediatric Neurology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Faculty of Medicine, Essen, Germany
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20
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Chen X, Liao S, Makaros Y, Guo Q, Zhu Z, Krizelman R, Dahan K, Tu X, Yao X, Koren I, Xu C. Molecular basis for arginine C-terminal degron recognition by Cul2 FEM1 E3 ligase. Nat Chem Biol 2021; 17:254-262. [PMID: 33398168 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-020-00704-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Degrons are elements within protein substrates that mediate the interaction with specific degradation machineries to control proteolysis. Recently, a few classes of C-terminal degrons (C-degrons) that are recognized by dedicated cullin-RING ligases (CRLs) have been identified. Specifically, CRL2 using the related substrate adapters FEM1A/B/C was found to recognize C degrons ending with arginine (Arg/C-degron). Here, we uncover the molecular mechanism of Arg/C-degron recognition by solving a subset of structures of FEM1 proteins in complex with Arg/C-degron-bearing substrates. Our structural research, complemented by binding assays and global protein stability (GPS) analyses, demonstrates that FEM1A/C and FEM1B selectively target distinct classes of Arg/C-degrons. Overall, our study not only sheds light on the molecular mechanism underlying Arg/C-degron recognition for precise control of substrate turnover, but also provides valuable information for development of chemical probes for selectively regulating proteostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyan Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory for Membraneless Organelles and Cellular Dynamics, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Shanhui Liao
- MOE Key Laboratory for Membraneless Organelles and Cellular Dynamics, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Yaara Makaros
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Qiong Guo
- MOE Key Laboratory for Membraneless Organelles and Cellular Dynamics, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Zhongliang Zhu
- MOE Key Laboratory for Membraneless Organelles and Cellular Dynamics, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Rina Krizelman
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Karin Dahan
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Xiaoming Tu
- MOE Key Laboratory for Membraneless Organelles and Cellular Dynamics, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Xuebiao Yao
- MOE Key Laboratory for Membraneless Organelles and Cellular Dynamics, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Itay Koren
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel.
| | - Chao Xu
- MOE Key Laboratory for Membraneless Organelles and Cellular Dynamics, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.
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21
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Ichhaporia VP, Hendershot LM. Role of the HSP70 Co-Chaperone SIL1 in Health and Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22041564. [PMID: 33557244 PMCID: PMC7913895 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell surface and secreted proteins provide essential functions for multicellular life. They enter the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) lumen co-translationally, where they mature and fold into their complex three-dimensional structures. The ER is populated with a host of molecular chaperones, associated co-factors, and enzymes that assist and stabilize folded states. Together, they ensure that nascent proteins mature properly or, if this process fails, target them for degradation. BiP, the ER HSP70 chaperone, interacts with unfolded client proteins in a nucleotide-dependent manner, which is tightly regulated by eight DnaJ-type proteins and two nucleotide exchange factors (NEFs), SIL1 and GRP170. Loss of SIL1′s function is the leading cause of Marinesco-Sjögren syndrome (MSS), an autosomal recessive, multisystem disorder. The development of animal models has provided insights into SIL1′s functions and MSS-associated pathologies. This review provides an in-depth update on the current understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying SIL1′s NEF activity and its role in maintaining ER homeostasis and normal physiology. A precise understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms associated with the loss of SIL1 may allow for the development of new pharmacological approaches to treat MSS.
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22
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Sjögren's Syndrome Associated with Chikungunya Infection: A Case Report. Rheumatol Ther 2021; 8:631-637. [PMID: 33527325 PMCID: PMC7991050 DOI: 10.1007/s40744-021-00281-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infection is caused by an arbovirus prevalent in various parts of the world. The virus can induce autoantibodies and rheumatic diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis and spondylarthritis. However, until now, no case of Sjögren syndrome (SS) was described associated with CHIKV. In this article, we describe a 49-year-old female with polyarthralgia and a temporary rash on her trunk and arms. Her physical examination showed polyarthritis of her ankles and wrists. Serologies for CHIKV were interpreted as positive with IgM 6.5 (normal range < 0.8) and negative for IgG. Antinuclear antibodies were positive at a titer of 1:640 as well as anti-Ro/SS-A. The diagnosis of subacute CHIKV infection was determined. The Schirmer test, Rose Bengal, and salivary scintigraphy were positive and the diagnosis of SS was confirmed. She was treated with hydroxychloroquine, methotrexate, and a single dose of betamethasone depot. This is the first report on CHIKV associated with SS. Sequence analysis of the CHIKV proteome versus SS autoantigens showed an extensive peptide sharing between the virus and numerous SS autoantigens, thus supporting the hypothesis that autoimmune cross-reactivity might causally link CHIKV to SS.
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23
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Medinas DB, Hazari Y, Hetz C. Disruption of Endoplasmic Reticulum Proteostasis in Age-Related Nervous System Disorders. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR AND SUBCELLULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 59:239-278. [PMID: 34050870 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-67696-4_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is a prominent cellular alteration of diseases impacting the nervous system that are associated to the accumulation of misfolded and aggregated protein species during aging. The unfolded protein response (UPR) is the main pathway mediating adaptation to ER stress, but it can also trigger deleterious cascades of inflammation and cell death leading to cell dysfunction and neurodegeneration. Genetic and pharmacological studies in experimental models shed light into molecular pathways possibly contributing to ER stress and the UPR activation in human neuropathies. Most of experimental models are, however, based on the overexpression of mutant proteins causing familial forms of these diseases or the administration of neurotoxins that induce pathology in young animals. Whether the mechanisms uncovered in these models are relevant for the etiology of the vast majority of age-related sporadic forms of neurodegenerative diseases is an open question. Here, we provide a systematic analysis of the current evidence linking ER stress to human pathology and the main mechanisms elucidated in experimental models. Furthermore, we highlight the recent association of metabolic syndrome to increased risk to undergo neurodegeneration, where ER stress arises as a common denominator in the pathogenic crosstalk between peripheral organs and the nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danilo B Medinas
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile. .,Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Molecular Studies of the Cell, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile. .,Center for Geroscience, Brain Health and Metabolism, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Younis Hazari
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Molecular Studies of the Cell, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Center for Geroscience, Brain Health and Metabolism, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudio Hetz
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile. .,Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Molecular Studies of the Cell, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile. .,Center for Geroscience, Brain Health and Metabolism, Santiago, Chile. .,Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, USA.
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Chiesa R, Sallese M. Review: Protein misfolding diseases – the rare case of Marinesco‐Sjögren syndrome. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2020; 46:323-343. [DOI: 10.1111/nan.12588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. Chiesa
- Department of Neuroscience Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS MilanItaly
| | - M. Sallese
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences University "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti Italy
- CeSI‐MeT Center for Research on Ageing and Translational Medicine University "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti Italy
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25
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Beaudin M, Matilla-Dueñas A, Soong BW, Pedroso JL, Barsottini OG, Mitoma H, Tsuji S, Schmahmann JD, Manto M, Rouleau GA, Klein C, Dupre N. The Classification of Autosomal Recessive Cerebellar Ataxias: a Consensus Statement from the Society for Research on the Cerebellum and Ataxias Task Force. CEREBELLUM (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2019; 18:1098-1125. [PMID: 31267374 PMCID: PMC6867988 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-019-01052-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
There is currently no accepted classification of autosomal recessive cerebellar ataxias, a group of disorders characterized by important genetic heterogeneity and complex phenotypes. The objective of this task force was to build a consensus on the classification of autosomal recessive ataxias in order to develop a general approach to a patient presenting with ataxia, organize disorders according to clinical presentation, and define this field of research by identifying common pathogenic molecular mechanisms in these disorders. The work of this task force was based on a previously published systematic scoping review of the literature that identified autosomal recessive disorders characterized primarily by cerebellar motor dysfunction and cerebellar degeneration. The task force regrouped 12 international ataxia experts who decided on general orientation and specific issues. We identified 59 disorders that are classified as primary autosomal recessive cerebellar ataxias. For each of these disorders, we present geographical and ethnical specificities along with distinctive clinical and imagery features. These primary recessive ataxias were organized in a clinical and a pathophysiological classification, and we present a general clinical approach to the patient presenting with ataxia. We also identified a list of 48 complex multisystem disorders that are associated with ataxia and should be included in the differential diagnosis of autosomal recessive ataxias. This classification is the result of a consensus among a panel of international experts, and it promotes a unified understanding of autosomal recessive cerebellar disorders for clinicians and researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Beaudin
- Axe Neurosciences, CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Antoni Matilla-Dueñas
- Department of Neuroscience, Health Sciences Research Institute Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Bing-Weng Soong
- Department of Neurology, Shuang Ho Hospital and Taipei Neuroscience Institute, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Jose Luiz Pedroso
- Ataxia Unit, Department of Neurology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Orlando G Barsottini
- Ataxia Unit, Department of Neurology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Hiroshi Mitoma
- Medical Education Promotion Center, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shoji Tsuji
- The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- International University of Health and Welfare, Chiba, Japan
| | - Jeremy D Schmahmann
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mario Manto
- Service de Neurologie, Médiathèque Jean Jacquy, CHU-Charleroi, 6000, Charleroi, Belgium
- Service des Neurosciences, UMons, Mons, Belgium
| | | | | | - Nicolas Dupre
- Axe Neurosciences, CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada.
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26
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Functional Role of SIL1 in Neurodevelopment and Learning. Neural Plast 2019; 2019:9653024. [PMID: 31531014 PMCID: PMC6720716 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9653024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 06/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sil1 is the causative gene of Marinesco-Sjӧgren Syndrome (MSS). The mutated Sil1 generates shortened SIL1 protein which will form aggregation and be degraded rapidly. Mental retardation is a major symptom of MSS which suggests a role of SIL1 in the development of the central nervous system, but how SIL1 functions remains unclear. Objectives The aim of this study is to explore the role of SIL1 in regulating cerebral development and its underlying molecular mechanism. Methods The basic expression pattern of SIL1 in tissues and cultured cortical neurons is measured by immunostaining and Western blot. The expression of SIL1 is reduced in vitro and in vivo through RNA interference delivered by a lentivirus. The expression of NMDA receptor subunits and the function of the Reelin signaling pathway are then examined by surface biotinylation and Western blot subsequently. Finally, the spatial learning of young mice was assessed by the Barnes maze task. Results SIL1 deficiency caused a diminished expression of both Reelin receptors and therefore impaired the Reelin signaling pathway. It then inhibited the developmental expression of GluN2A and impaired the spatial learning of 5-week-old mice. Conclusions These results suggested that SIL1 is required for the development of the central nervous system which is associated with its role in Reelin signaling.
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Arias M. Keys to overcoming the challenge of diagnosing autosomal recessive spinocerebellar ataxia. NEUROLOGÍA (ENGLISH EDITION) 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nrleng.2018.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
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28
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Phan V, Cox D, Cipriani S, Spendiff S, Buchkremer S, O'Connor E, Horvath R, Goebel HH, Hathazi D, Lochmüller H, Straka T, Rudolf R, Weis J, Roos A. SIL1 deficiency causes degenerative changes of peripheral nerves and neuromuscular junctions in fish, mice and human. Neurobiol Dis 2018; 124:218-229. [PMID: 30468864 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2018.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 10/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Marinesco-Sjögren Syndrome (MSS) is a rare neuromuscular condition caused by recessive mutations in the SIL1 gene resulting in the absence of functional SIL1 protein, a co-chaperone for the major ER chaperone, BiP. As BiP is decisive for proper protein processing, loss of SIL1 results in the accumulation of misshaped proteins. This accumulation likely damages and destroys cells in vulnerable tissues, leading to congenital cataracts, cerebellar ataxia, vacuolar myopathy and other MSS phenotypes. Whether the peripheral nervous system (PNS) is affected in MSS has not been conclusively shown. METHODS To study PNS vulnerability in MSS, intramuscular nerves fibres from MSS patients and from SIL1-deficient mice (woozy) as well as sciatic nerves and neuromuscular junctions (NMJ) from these mice have been investigated via transmission electron microscopic and immunofluorescence studies accompanied by transcript studies and unbiased proteomic profiling. In addition, PNS and NMJ integrity were analyzed via immunofluorescence studies in an MSS-zebrafish model which has been generated for that purpose. RESULTS Electron microscopy revealed morphological changes indicative of impaired autophagy and mitochondrial maintenance in distal axons and in Schwann cells. Moreover, changes of the morphology of NMJs as well as of transcripts encoding proteins important for NMJ function were detected in woozy mice. These findings were in line with a grossly abnormal structure of NMJs in SIL1-deficient zebrafish embryos. Proteome profiling of sciatic nerve specimens from woozy mice revealed altered levels of proteins implicated in neuronal maintenance suggesting the activation of compensatory mechanisms. CONCLUSION Taken together, our combined data expand the spectrum of tissues affected by SIL1-loss and suggest that impaired neuromuscular transmission might be part of MSS pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vietxuan Phan
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften, ISAS, e.V. Dortmund, 44227, Dortmund, Germany.
| | - Dan Cox
- MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
| | - Silvia Cipriani
- MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK; Department of Neuromotor and Biomedical Sciences, Pathology Unit, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Sally Spendiff
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada; Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Canada.
| | - Stephan Buchkremer
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, 52074, Germany.
| | - Emily O'Connor
- MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK. emily.o'
| | - Rita Horvath
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK.
| | | | - Denisa Hathazi
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften, ISAS, e.V. Dortmund, 44227, Dortmund, Germany.
| | - Hanns Lochmüller
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada; Department of Neuropediatrics and Muscle Disorders, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg, Germany; Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Tatjana Straka
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, Mannheim, Germany; Interdisciplinary Center for Neurosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany; Institute of Toxicology and Genetics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany.
| | - Rüdiger Rudolf
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, Mannheim, Germany; Interdisciplinary Center for Neurosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany; Institute of Toxicology and Genetics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany.
| | - Joachim Weis
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, 52074, Germany.
| | - Andreas Roos
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften, ISAS, e.V. Dortmund, 44227, Dortmund, Germany; Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, 52074, Germany; Pediatric Neurology, University Childrens Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen, Faculty of Medicine, Essen, Germany.
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Osinalde N, Duarri A, Ramirez J, Barrio R, Perez de Nanclares G, Mayor U. Impaired proteostasis in rare neurological diseases. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2018; 93:164-177. [PMID: 30355526 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2018.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2018] [Revised: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Rare diseases are classified as such when their prevalence is 1:2000 or lower, but even if each of them is so infrequent, altogether more than 300 million people in the world suffer one of the ∼7000 diseases considered as rare. Over 1200 of these disorders are known to affect the brain or other parts of our nervous system, and their symptoms can affect cognition, motor function and/or social interaction of the patients; we refer collectively to them as rare neurological disorders or RNDs. We have focused this review on RNDs known to have compromised protein homeostasis pathways. Proteostasis can be regulated and/or altered by a chain of cellular mechanisms, from protein synthesis and folding, to aggregation and degradation. Overall, we provide a list comprised of above 215 genes responsible for causing more than 170 distinct RNDs, deepening on some representative diseases, including as well a clinical view of how those diseases are diagnosed and dealt with. Additionally, we review existing methodologies for diagnosis and treatment, discussing the potential of specific deubiquitinating enzyme inhibition as a future therapeutic avenue for RNDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nerea Osinalde
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Anna Duarri
- Barcelona Stem Cell Bank, Center of Regenerative Medicine in Barcelona, 08908 Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juanma Ramirez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Rosa Barrio
- Functional Genomics Unit, CIC bioGUNE, 48160 Derio, Spain
| | - Guiomar Perez de Nanclares
- Molecular (Epi)Genetics Laboratory, BioAraba National Health Institute, Hospital Universitario Araba-Txagorritxu, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Alava, Spain
| | - Ugo Mayor
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain; Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Spain.
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Capone V, Clemente E, Restelli E, Di Campli A, Sperduti S, Ornaghi F, Pietrangelo L, Protasi F, Chiesa R, Sallese M. PERK inhibition attenuates the abnormalities of the secretory pathway and the increased apoptotic rate induced by SIL1 knockdown in HeLa cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2018; 1864:3164-3180. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Revised: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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31
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Weihl CC, Udd B, Hanna M. 234th ENMC International Workshop: Chaperone dysfunction in muscle disease Naarden, The Netherlands, 8-10 December 2017. Neuromuscul Disord 2018; 28:1022-1030. [PMID: 30424919 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2018.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Conrad C Weihl
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, Box 8111, 660 South Euclid Avenue, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA.
| | - Bjarne Udd
- Tampere Neuromuscular Center and Folkhalsan Genetic Institute, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Michael Hanna
- UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK
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Baldspot/ELOVL6 is a conserved modifier of disease and the ER stress response. PLoS Genet 2018; 14:e1007557. [PMID: 30081392 PMCID: PMC6078684 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1007557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is an important modifier of human disease. Genetic variation in response genes is linked to inter-individual differences in the ER stress response. However, the mechanisms and pathways by which genetic modifiers are acting on the ER stress response remain unclear. In this study, we characterize the role of the long chain fatty acid elongase Baldspot (ELOVL6) in modifying the ER stress response and disease. We demonstrate that loss of Baldspot rescues degeneration and reduces IRE1 and PERK signaling and cell death in a Drosophila model of retinitis pigmentosa and ER stress (Rh1G69D). Dietary supplementation of stearate bypasses the need for Baldspot activity. Finally, we demonstrate that Baldspot regulates the ER stress response across different tissues and induction methods. Our findings suggest that ELOVL6 is a promising target in the treatment of not only retinitis pigmentosa, but a number of different ER stress-related disorders. Differences in genetic background drives disease variability, even among individuals with identical, causative mutations. Identifying and understanding how genetic variation impacts disease expression could improve diagnosis and treatment of patients. Previous work has linked the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response pathway to disease variability. When misfolded proteins accumulate in the ER, the ER stress response returns the cell to its normal state. Chronic ER stress leads to massive amounts of cell death and tissue degeneration. Limiting tissue loss by regulating the ER stress response has been a major focus of therapeutic development. In this study, we characterize a novel regulator of the ER stress response, the long chain fatty acid elongase Baldspot/ELOVL6. In the absence of this enzyme, cells undergoing ER stress display reduced cell death, and degeneration in a Drosophila disease model. Feeding of excess fatty acids increases degeneration to original disease levels, linking the regulatory activity of Baldspot to its enzymatic activity. Finally, we demonstrate that Baldspot can alter the ER stress response under a variety of other ER stress conditions. Our studies demonstrate that Baldspot/ELOVL6 is a ubiquitous regulator of the ER stress response and is a good candidate therapeutic target.
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33
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Xu H, Xu S, Zhang R, Xin T, Pang Q. SIL1 functions as an oncogene in glioma by AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. Onco Targets Ther 2018; 11:3775-3783. [PMID: 29997438 PMCID: PMC6033116 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s167552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose SIL1 is a ubiquitous protein localized to the endoplasmic reticulum and functions as a cochaperone of BiP. Previous studies have shown that function loss of SIL1 is often associated with neurological diseases, such as Marinesco-Sjögren Syndrome. However, no studies have investigated the function of SIL1 in tumors. In this study we aim to reveal functions of SIL1 and the underlying mechanisms in glioma. Materials and methods First, by searching on Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis, we examined SIL1 expression and prognostic value in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) and brain lower grade glioma (LGG). Immunohistochemical analysis (IHC) was also performed to determine the endogenic SIL1 level. Cell counting kit-8 (CCK8) and clone formation assays were used to detect cell proliferation of U251 cells. Cell migration was detected by transwell assay and cell cycle and apoptosis were detected by flow cytometry. Western blot was performed to determine protein expression. Results We found that the expression of SIL1 was increased by approximately 1.5-fold in GBM and 1.3-fold in LGG compared with normal controls (P<0.05) and negatively correlated with patients’ survival. IHC revealed that SIL1 expression was significantly higher in glioma tissues than that in paracancerous tissues (P<0.05). Glioma patients with high SIL1 expression accounted for 65.79% (25/38) of total samples and SIL1 expression significantly increased in grade IV glioma compared to grades I–III (P=0.026). Suppression of SIL1 expression led to significant inhibition of U251 cell proliferation. Transwell assay showed that cell migration of U251 was significantly inhibited by siSIL transfection, with an inhibitory rate reaching 69%. Flow cytometry detection showed that siSIL1 could induce apoptosis of U251 cells and upregulated the expression of the pro-apoptotic protein Bax and Caspase3-P17. However, siSIL1 transfection had no effect on the cell cycle. Mechanism studies demonstrated that siSIL1 transfection led to inactivation of AKT/mTOR signaling pathway, including decreased phosphorylation of AKT and mTOR without affecting protein expression, as well as decreased expression of the downstream effector p70S6K. Conclusion Downregulation of SIL1 inhibited the progression of glioma by suppressing the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan 250021, Shandong, China, ;
| | - Shangchen Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan 250021, Shandong, China, ;
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan 250021, Shandong, China, ;
| | - Tao Xin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan 250021, Shandong, China, ;
| | - Qi Pang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan 250021, Shandong, China, ;
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Rossi M, Anheim M, Durr A, Klein C, Koenig M, Synofzik M, Marras C, van de Warrenburg BP. The genetic nomenclature of recessive cerebellar ataxias. Mov Disord 2018; 33:1056-1076. [PMID: 29756227 DOI: 10.1002/mds.27415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The recessive cerebellar ataxias are a large group of degenerative and metabolic disorders, the diagnostic management of which is difficult because of the enormous clinical and genetic heterogeneity. Because of several limitations, the current classification systems provide insufficient guidance for clinicians and researchers. Here, we propose a new nomenclature for the genetically confirmed recessive cerebellar ataxias according to the principles and criteria laid down by the International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society Task Force on Classification and Nomenclature of Genetic Movement Disorders. We apply stringent criteria for considering an association between gene and phenotype to be established. The newly proposed list of recessively inherited cerebellar ataxias includes 62 disorders that were assigned an ATX prefix, followed by the gene name, because these typically present with ataxia as a predominant and/or consistent feature. An additional 30 disorders that often combine ataxia with a predominant or consistent other movement disorder received a double prefix (e.g., ATX/HSP). We also identified a group of 89 entities that usually present with complex nonataxia phenotypes, but may occasionally present with cerebellar ataxia. These are listed separately without the ATX prefix. This new, transparent and adaptable nomenclature of the recessive cerebellar ataxias will facilitate the clinical recognition of recessive ataxias, guide diagnostic testing in ataxia patients, and help in interpreting genetic findings. © 2018 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malco Rossi
- Movement Disorders Section, Neuroscience Department, Raul Carrea Institute for Neurological Research, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mathieu Anheim
- Département de Neurologie, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Hôpital de Hautepierre, Strasbourg, France.,Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, INSERM-U964/CNRS-UMR7104/Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France.,Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Alexandra Durr
- Brain and Spine Institute, Sorbonne Université, Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Paris, France.,Department of Genetics, AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, 7501, Paris, France
| | - Christine Klein
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany.,Department of Neurology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Germany
| | - Michel Koenig
- Laboratoire de Génétique de Maladies Rares, EA7402, Institut Universitaire de Recherche Clinique, Université de Montpellier, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Matthis Synofzik
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Connie Marras
- Toronto Western Hospital Morton, Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Centre, and the Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Bart P van de Warrenburg
- Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition & Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Ichhaporia VP, Kim J, Kavdia K, Vogel P, Horner L, Frase S, Hendershot LM. SIL1, the endoplasmic-reticulum-localized BiP co-chaperone, plays a crucial role in maintaining skeletal muscle proteostasis and physiology. Dis Model Mech 2018; 11:dmm.033043. [PMID: 29666155 PMCID: PMC5992605 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.033043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in SIL1, a cofactor for the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-localized Hsp70 chaperone, BiP, cause Marinesco-Sjögren syndrome (MSS), an autosomal recessive disorder. Using a mouse model, we characterized molecular aspects of the progressive myopathy associated with MSS. Proteomic profiling of quadriceps at the onset of myopathy revealed that SIL1 deficiency affected multiple pathways critical to muscle physiology. We observed an increase in ER chaperones prior to the onset of muscle weakness, which was complemented by upregulation of multiple components of cellular protein degradation pathways. These responses were inadequate to maintain normal expression of secretory pathway proteins, including insulin and IGF-1 receptors. There was a paradoxical enhancement of downstream PI3K-AKT-mTOR signaling and glucose uptake in SIL1-disrupted skeletal muscles, all of which were insufficient to maintain skeletal muscle mass. Together, these data reveal a disruption in ER homeostasis upon SIL1 loss, which is countered by multiple compensatory responses that are ultimately unsuccessful, leading to trans-organellar proteostasis collapse and myopathy. Editor's choice: This study provides molecular insights into the progressive myopathy and cellular compensatory responses attempted upon loss of SIL1, a component of the endoplasmic-reticulum-resident Hsp70 protein-folding machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viraj P Ichhaporia
- Dept of Microbiology, Immunology, and Biochemistry, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA.,Dept of Tumor Cell Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Jieun Kim
- Small Animal Imaging Center, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Kanisha Kavdia
- Proteomics Facility, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Peter Vogel
- Dept of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Linda Horner
- Cell and Tissue Imaging Center, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Sharon Frase
- Cell and Tissue Imaging Center, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Linda M Hendershot
- Dept of Microbiology, Immunology, and Biochemistry, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA .,Dept of Tumor Cell Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
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Buchkremer S, González Coraspe JA, Weis J, Roos A. Sil1-Mutant Mice Elucidate Chaperone Function in Neurological Disorders. J Neuromuscul Dis 2018; 3:169-181. [PMID: 27854219 PMCID: PMC5271578 DOI: 10.3233/jnd-160152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Chaperone dysfunction leading to the build-up of misfolded proteins could frequently be linked to clinical manifestations also affecting the nervous system and the skeletal muscle. In addition, increase in chaperone function is beneficial to antagonize protein aggregation and thus represents a promising target for therapeutic concepts for many genetic and acquired chaperonopathies. However, little is known on the precise molecular mechanisms defining the cell and tissue abnormalities in the case of impaired chaperone function as well as on underlying effects in the case of compensatory up-regulation of chaperones. This scarcity of knowledge often arises from a lack of appropriate animal models that mimic closely the human molecular, cellular, and histological characteristics. Here, we introduce the Sil1-mutant woozy mouse as a suitable model to investigate molecular and cellular mechanisms of impaired ER-chaperone function affecting the integrity of nervous system and skeletal muscle. The overlapping clinical findings in man and mouse indicate that woozy is a good copy of a human phenotype called Marinesco-Sjögren syndrome. We confirm the presence of ER-stress and expand the biochemical knowledge of altered nuclear envelope in muscle, a hallmark of SIL1-disease. In addition, our data suggest that impaired excitation-contraction coupling might be part of the SIL1-pathophysiology. Our results moreover indicate that divergent expression of pro- and anti-survival proteins is decisive for Purkinje cell survival. By summarizing the current knowledge of woozy, we focus on the suitability of this animal model to study neuroprotective co-chaperone function and to investigate the involvement of co-chaperones in the predisposition of other disorders such as diabetic neuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Buchkremer
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Joachim Weis
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Andreas Roos
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany.,Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften ISAS e.V., Dortmund, Germany.,The John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, Newcastle University, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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37
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Bap (Sil1) regulates the molecular chaperone BiP by coupling release of nucleotide and substrate. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2018; 25:90-100. [PMID: 29323281 DOI: 10.1038/s41594-017-0012-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BiP is the endoplasmic member of the Hsp70 family. BiP is regulated by several co-chaperones including the nucleotide-exchange factor (NEF) Bap (Sil1 in yeast). Bap is a two-domain protein. The interaction of the Bap C-terminal domain with the BiP ATPase domain is sufficient for its weak NEF activity. However, stimulation of the BiP ATPase activity requires full-length Bap, suggesting a complex interplay of these two factors. Here, single-molecule FRET experiments with mammalian proteins reveal that Bap affects the conformation of both BiP domains, including the lid subdomain, which is important for substrate binding. The largely unstructured Bap N-terminal domain promotes the substrate release from BiP. Thus, Bap is a conformational regulator affecting both nucleotide and substrate interactions. The preferential interaction with BiP in its ADP state places Bap at a late stage of the chaperone cycle, in which it coordinates release of substrate and ADP, thereby resetting BiP for ATP and substrate binding.
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38
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Nucleotide exchange factors Fes1 and HspBP1 mimic substrate to release misfolded proteins from Hsp70. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2018; 25:83-89. [PMID: 29323280 DOI: 10.1038/s41594-017-0008-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Protein quality control depends on the tight regulation of interactions between molecular chaperones and polypeptide substrates. Substrate release from the chaperone Hsp70 is triggered by nucleotide-exchange factors (NEFs) that control folding and degradation fates via poorly understood mechanisms. We found that the armadillo-type NEFs budding yeast Fes1 and its human homolog HspBP1 employ flexible N-terminal release domains (RDs) with substrate-mimicking properties to ensure the efficient release of persistent substrates from Hsp70. The RD contacts the substrate-binding domain of the chaperone, competes with peptide substrate for binding and is essential for proper function in yeast and mammalian cells. Thus, the armadillo domain engages Hsp70 to trigger nucleotide exchange, whereas the RD safeguards the release of substrates. Our findings provide fundamental mechanistic insight into the functional specialization of Hsp70 NEFs and have implications for the understanding of proteostasis-related disorders, including Marinesco-Sjögren syndrome.
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39
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Kollipara L, Buchkremer S, Coraspe JAG, Hathazi D, Senderek J, Weis J, Zahedi RP, Roos A. In-depth phenotyping of lymphoblastoid cells suggests selective cellular vulnerability in Marinesco-Sjögren syndrome. Oncotarget 2017; 8:68493-68516. [PMID: 28978133 PMCID: PMC5620273 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
SIL1 is a ubiquitous protein of the Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) acting as a co-chaperone for the ER-resident chaperone, BiP. Recessive mutations of the corresponding gene lead to vulnerability of skeletal muscle and central nervous system in man (Marinesco-Sjögren syndrome; MSS) and mouse. However, it is still unclear how loss of ubiquitous SIL1 leads to selective vulnerability of the nervous system and skeletal muscle whereas other cells and organs are protected from clinical manifestations. In this study we aimed to disentangle proteins participating in selective vulnerability of SIL1-deficient cells and tissues: morphological examination of MSS patient-derived lymphoblastoid cells revealed altered organelle structures (ER, nucleus and mitochondria) thus showing subclinical vulnerability. To correlate structural perturbations with biochemical changes and to identify proteins potentially preventing phenotypical manifestation, proteomic studies have been carried out. Results of proteomic profiling are in line with the morphological findings and show affection of nuclear, mitochondrial and cytoskeletal proteins as well as of such responsible for cellular viability. Moreover, expression patterns of proteins known to be involved in neuromuscular disorders or in development and function of the nervous system were altered. Paradigmatic findings were confirmed by immunohistochemistry of splenic lymphocytes and the cerebellum of SIL1-deficient mice. Ataxin-10, identified with increased abundance in our proteome profile, is necessary for the neuronal survival but also controls muscle fiber apoptosis, thus declaring this protein as a plausible candidate for selective tissue vulnerability. Our combined results provide first insights into the molecular causes of selective cell and tissue vulnerability defining the MSS phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laxmikanth Kollipara
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften-ISAS -e.V., 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Stephan Buchkremer
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Aachen, RWTH Aachen, 5274 Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Denisa Hathazi
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften-ISAS -e.V., 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Jan Senderek
- Friedrich-Baur-Institute, Medical Faculty, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Joachim Weis
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Aachen, RWTH Aachen, 5274 Aachen, Germany
| | - René P Zahedi
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften-ISAS -e.V., 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Andreas Roos
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften-ISAS -e.V., 44227 Dortmund, Germany.,Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Aachen, RWTH Aachen, 5274 Aachen, Germany.,The John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 3BZ, UK
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40
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Vincenz-Donnelly L, Hipp MS. The endoplasmic reticulum: A hub of protein quality control in health and disease. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 108:383-393. [PMID: 28363604 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2016] [Revised: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
One third of the eukaryotic proteome is synthesized at the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), whose unique properties provide a folding environment substantially different from the cytosol. A healthy, balanced proteome in the ER is maintained by a network of factors referred to as the ER quality control (ERQC) machinery. This network consists of various protein folding chaperones and modifying enzymes, and is regulated by stress response pathways that prevent the build-up as well as the secretion of potentially toxic and aggregation-prone misfolded protein species. Here, we describe the components of the ERQC machinery, investigate their response to different forms of stress, and discuss the consequences of ERQC break-down.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Vincenz-Donnelly
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Department of Cellular Biochemistry, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Mark S Hipp
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Department of Cellular Biochemistry, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
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Abstract
Thiol groups can undergo numerous modifications, making cysteine a unique molecular switch. Cysteine plays structural and regulatory roles as part of proteins or glutathione, contributing to maintain redox homeostasis and regulate signaling within and amongst cells. Not surprisingly therefore, cysteines are associated with many hereditary and acquired diseases. Mutations in the primary protein sequence (gain or loss of a cysteine) are most frequent in membrane and secretory proteins, correlating with the key roles of disulfide bonds. On the contrary, in the cytosol and nucleus, aberrant post-translational oxidative modifications of thiol groups, reflecting redox changes in the surrounding environment, are a more frequent cause of dysregulation of protein function. This essay highlights the regulatory functions performed by protein cysteine residues and provides a framework for understanding how mutation and/or (in)activation of this key amino acid can cause disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annamaria Fra
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of BresciaBrescia, Italy
| | - Edgar D Yoboue
- Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele UniversityMilan, Italy.,Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific InstituteMilan, Italy
| | - Roberto Sitia
- Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele UniversityMilan, Italy.,Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific InstituteMilan, Italy
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Tracking Effects of SIL1 Increase: Taking a Closer Look Beyond the Consequences of Elevated Expression Level. Mol Neurobiol 2017; 55:2524-2546. [PMID: 28401474 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-017-0494-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
SIL1 acts as a co-chaperone for the major ER-resident chaperone BiP and thus plays a role in many BiP-dependent cellular functions such as protein-folding control and unfolded protein response. Whereas the increase of BiP upon cellular stress conditions is a well-known phenomenon, elevation of SIL1 under stress conditions was thus far solely studied in yeast, and different studies indicated an adverse effect of SIL1 increase. This is seemingly in contrast with the beneficial effect of SIL1 increase in surviving neurons in neurodegenerative disorders such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and Alzheimer's disease. Here, we addressed these controversial findings. Applying cell biological, morphological and biochemical methods, we demonstrated that SIL1 increases in various mammalian cells and neuronal tissues upon cellular stress. Investigation of heterozygous SIL1 mutant cells and tissues supported this finding. Moreover, SIL1 protein was found to be stabilized during ER stress. Increased SIL1 initiates ER stress in a concentration-dependent manner which agrees with the described adverse SIL1 effect. However, our results also suggest that protective levels are achieved by the secretion of excessive SIL1 and GRP170 and that moderately increased SIL1 also ameliorates cellular fitness under stress conditions. Our immunoprecipitation results indicate that SIL1 might act in a BiP-independent manner. Proteomic studies showed that SIL1 elevation alters the expression of proteins including crucial players in neurodegeneration, especially in Alzheimer's disease. This finding agrees with our observation of increased SIL1 immunoreactivity in surviving neurons of Alzheimer's disease autopsy cases and supports the assumption that SIL1 plays a protective role in neurodegenerative disorders.
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43
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HSPA5 Gene encoding Hsp70 chaperone BiP in the endoplasmic reticulum. Gene 2017; 618:14-23. [PMID: 28286085 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2017.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Revised: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The HSPA5 gene encodes the binding immunoglobulin protein (BiP), an Hsp70 family chaperone localized in the ER lumen. As a highly conserved molecular chaperone, BiP assists in a wide range of folding processes via its two structural domains, a nucleotide-binding domain (NBD) and substrate-binding domain (SBD). BiP is also an essential component of the translocation machinery for protein import into the ER, a regulator for Ca2+ homeostasis in the ER, as well as a facilitator of ER-associated protein degradation (ERAD) via retrograde transportation of aberrant proteins across the ER membrane. When unfolded/misfolded proteins in the ER overwhelm the capacity of protein folding machinery, BiP can initiate the unfolded protein response (UPR), decrease unfolded/misfolded protein load, induce autophagy, and crosstalk with apoptosis machinery to assist in the cell survival decision. Post-translational modifications (PTMs) of BiP have been shown to regulate BiP's activity, turnover, and availability upon different extrinsic or intrinsic stimuli. As a master regulator of ER function, BiP is associated with cancer, cardiovascular disease, neurodegenerative disease, and immunological diseases. BiP has been targeted in cancer therapies and shows promise for application in other relevant diseases.
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Siegenthaler KD, Pareja KA, Wang J, Sevier CS. An unexpected role for the yeast nucleotide exchange factor Sil1 as a reductant acting on the molecular chaperone BiP. eLife 2017; 6. [PMID: 28257000 PMCID: PMC5358974 DOI: 10.7554/elife.24141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Unfavorable redox conditions in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) can decrease the capacity for protein secretion, altering vital cell functions. While systems to manage reductive stress are well-established, how cells cope with an overly oxidizing ER remains largely undefined. In previous work (Wang et al., 2014), we demonstrated that the chaperone BiP is a sensor of overly oxidizing ER conditions. We showed that modification of a conserved BiP cysteine during stress beneficially alters BiP chaperone activity to cope with suboptimal folding conditions. How this cysteine is reduced to reestablish 'normal' BiP activity post-oxidative stress has remained unknown. Here we demonstrate that BiP's nucleotide exchange factor - Sil1 - can reverse BiP cysteine oxidation. This previously unexpected reductant capacity for yeast Sil1 has potential implications for the human ataxia Marinesco-Sjögren syndrome, where it is interesting to speculate that a disruption in ER redox-signaling (due to genetic defects in SIL1) may influence disease pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kristeen A Pareja
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, United States
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, United States
| | - Carolyn S Sevier
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, United States
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Wiessner M, Roos A, Munn CJ, Viswanathan R, Whyte T, Cox D, Schoser B, Sewry C, Roper H, Phadke R, Marini Bettolo C, Barresi R, Charlton R, Bönnemann CG, Abath Neto O, Reed UC, Zanoteli E, Araújo Martins Moreno C, Ertl-Wagner B, Stucka R, De Goede C, Borges da Silva T, Hathazi D, Dell’Aica M, Zahedi RP, Thiele S, Müller J, Kingston H, Müller S, Curtis E, Walter MC, Strom TM, Straub V, Bushby K, Muntoni F, Swan LE, Lochmüller H, Senderek J. Mutations in INPP5K, Encoding a Phosphoinositide 5-Phosphatase, Cause Congenital Muscular Dystrophy with Cataracts and Mild Cognitive Impairment. Am J Hum Genet 2017; 100:523-536. [PMID: 28190456 PMCID: PMC5339217 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2017.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphoinositides are small phospholipids that control diverse cellular downstream signaling events. Their spatial and temporal availability is tightly regulated by a set of specific lipid kinases and phosphatases. Congenital muscular dystrophies are hereditary disorders characterized by hypotonia and weakness from birth with variable eye and central nervous system involvement. In individuals exhibiting congenital muscular dystrophy, early-onset cataracts, and mild intellectual disability but normal cranial magnetic resonance imaging, we identified bi-allelic mutations in INPP5K, encoding inositol polyphosphate-5-phosphatase K. Mutations impaired phosphatase activity toward the phosphoinositide phosphatidylinositol (4,5)-bisphosphate or altered the subcellular localization of INPP5K. Downregulation of INPP5K orthologs in zebrafish embryos disrupted muscle fiber morphology and resulted in abnormal eye development. These data link congenital muscular dystrophies to defective phosphoinositide 5-phosphatase activity that is becoming increasingly recognized for its role in mediating pivotal cellular mechanisms contributing to disease.
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Beaudin M, Klein CJ, Rouleau GA, Dupré N. Systematic review of autosomal recessive ataxias and proposal for a classification. CEREBELLUM & ATAXIAS 2017; 4:3. [PMID: 28250961 PMCID: PMC5324265 DOI: 10.1186/s40673-017-0061-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Background The classification of autosomal recessive ataxias represents a significant challenge because of high genetic heterogeneity and complex phenotypes. We conducted a comprehensive systematic review of the literature to examine all recessive ataxias in order to propose a new classification and properly circumscribe this field as new technologies are emerging for comprehensive targeted gene testing. Methods We searched Pubmed and Embase to identify original articles on recessive forms of ataxia in humans for which a causative gene had been identified. Reference lists and public databases, including OMIM and GeneReviews, were also reviewed. We evaluated the clinical descriptions to determine if ataxia was a core feature of the phenotype and assessed the available evidence on the genotype-phenotype association. Included disorders were classified as primary recessive ataxias, as other complex movement or multisystem disorders with prominent ataxia, or as disorders that may occasionally present with ataxia. Results After removal of duplicates, 2354 references were reviewed and assessed for inclusion. A total of 130 articles were completely reviewed and included in this qualitative analysis. The proposed new list of autosomal recessive ataxias includes 45 gene-defined disorders for which ataxia is a core presenting feature. We propose a clinical algorithm based on the associated symptoms. Conclusion We present a new classification for autosomal recessive ataxias that brings awareness to their complex phenotypes while providing a unified categorization of this group of disorders. This review should assist in the development of a consensus nomenclature useful in both clinical and research applications. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40673-017-0061-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Beaudin
- Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec city, QC G1V 0A6 Canada
| | | | - Guy A Rouleau
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1A4 Canada
| | - Nicolas Dupré
- Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec city, QC G1V 0A6 Canada.,Department of Neurological Sciences, CHU de Quebec - Université Laval, 1401 18th street, Québec City, QC G1J 1Z4 Canada
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Haugarvoll K, Johansson S, Rodriguez CE, Boman H, Haukanes BI, Bruland O, Roque F, Jonassen I, Blomqvist M, Telstad W, Månsson JE, Knappskog PM, Bindoff LA. GBA2 Mutations Cause a Marinesco-Sjögren-Like Syndrome: Genetic and Biochemical Studies. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0169309. [PMID: 28052128 PMCID: PMC5215700 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0169309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background With the advent new sequencing technologies, we now have the tools to understand the phenotypic diversity and the common occurrence of phenocopies. We used these techniques to investigate two Norwegian families with an autosomal recessive cerebellar ataxia with cataracts and mental retardation. Methods and Results Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) chip analysis followed by Exome sequencing identified a 2 bp homozygous deletion in GBA2 in both families, c.1528_1529del [p.Met510Valfs*17]. Furthermore, we report the biochemical characterization of GBA2 in these patients. Our studies show that a reduced activity of GBA2 is sufficient to elevate the levels of glucosylceramide to similar levels as seen in Gaucher disease. Furthermore, leucocytes seem to be the proper enzyme source for in vitro analysis of GBA2 activity. Conclusions We report GBA2 mutations causing a Marinesco-Sjögren-like syndrome in two Norwegian families. One of the families was originally diagnosed with Marinesco-Sjögren syndrome based on an autosomal recessive cerebellar ataxia with cataracts and mental retardation. Our findings highlight the phenotypic variability associated with GBA2 mutations, and suggest that patients with Marinesco-Sjögren-like syndromes should be tested for mutations in this gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristoffer Haugarvoll
- Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Clinical Medicine (K1), University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Stefan Johansson
- Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Carlos E. Rodriguez
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Transfusion Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Helge Boman
- Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Bjørn Ivar Haukanes
- Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ove Bruland
- Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Francisco Roque
- Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Inge Jonassen
- Computational Biology Unit, Department of Informatics, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Maria Blomqvist
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Transfusion Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Jan-Eric Månsson
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Transfusion Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Per Morten Knappskog
- Department of Clinical Medicine (K1), University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- * E-mail: (LAB); (PMK)
| | - Laurence A. Bindoff
- Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Clinical Medicine (K1), University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- * E-mail: (LAB); (PMK)
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Kawahara G, Hayashi YK. Characterization of Zebrafish Models of Marinesco-Sjögren Syndrome. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0165563. [PMID: 27792754 PMCID: PMC5085058 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0165563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
SIL1 is a nucleotide exchange factor for the endoplasmic reticulum chaperone, BiP. Mutations in the SIL1 gene cause Marinesco-Sjögren syndrome (MSS), an autosomal recessive disease characterized by cerebellar ataxia, mental retardation, congenital cataracts, and myopathy. To create novel zebrafish models of MSS for therapeutic drug screening, we analyzed phenotypes in sil1 knock down fish by two different antisense oligo morpholinos. Both sil1 morphants had abnormal formation of muscle fibers and irregularity of the myosepta. Moreover, they showed smaller-sized eyes and loss of purkinje cells in cerebellar area compared to controls. Immunoblotting analysis revealed increased protein amounts of BiP, lipidated LC3, and caspase 3. These data supported that the sil1 morphants can represent mimicking phenotypes of human MSS. The sil1 morphants phenocopy the human MSS disease pathology and are a good animal model for therapeutic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genri Kawahara
- Department of Pathophysiology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukiko K. Hayashi
- Department of Pathophysiology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Keys to overcoming the challenge of diagnosing autosomal recessive spinocerebellar ataxia. Neurologia 2016; 34:248-258. [PMID: 27460185 DOI: 10.1016/j.nrl.2016.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Revised: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Autosomal recessive spinocerebellar ataxia refers to a large group of diseases affecting the cerebellum and/or its connections, although they may also involve other regions of the nervous system. These diseases are accompanied by a wide range of systemic manifestations (cardiopathies, endocrinopathies, skeletal deformities, and skin abnormalities). DEVELOPMENT This study reviews current knowledge of the most common forms of autosomal recessive spinocerebellar ataxia in order to provide tips that may facilitate diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS A thorough assessment of clinical phenotype (pure cerebellar or cerebellar-plus syndrome, with or without systemic manifestations), laboratory tests (vitamin E, acanthocytosis, albumin, cholesterol, phytanic acid, lactic acid, creatine kinase, cholestanol, coenzyme Q10, alpha-fetoprotein, copper, ceruloplasmin, chitotriosidase), nerve conduction studies (presence and type of neuropathy), and an magnetic resonance imaging study (presence of cerebellar atrophy, presence and location of signal alterations) may help establish a suspected diagnosis, which should be confirmed by detecting the underlying genetic mutation. A positive genetic test result is necessary to determine prognosis and provide adequate genetic counselling, and will also permit appropriate treatment of some entities (abetalipoproteinaemia, ataxia with vitamin E deficiency, Refsum disease, cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis, Niemann-Pick disease type C, Wilson disease). Without a genetic diagnosis, conducting basic research and therapeutic trials will not be possible.
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Nistal M, Paniagua R, González-Peramato P, Reyes-Múgica M. Perspectives in Pediatric Pathology, Chapter 17. Other Hypergonadotropic Hypogonadisms. Pediatr Dev Pathol 2016; 19:278-90. [PMID: 26809023 DOI: 10.2350/16-01-1755-pb.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Nistal
- 1 Department of Pathology, Hospital La Paz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ricardo Paniagua
- 2 Department of Cell Biology, Universidad de Alcala, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Miguel Reyes-Múgica
- 3 Department of Pathology, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
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