1
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Baskoro F, Wong HQ, Najman S, Yang PY, Togonon JJH, Ho YC, Tseng MC, Tzou DLM, Kung YR, Pao CW, Yen HJ. Lithium-Ion Dynamic and Storage of Atomically Precise Halogenated Nanographene Assemblies via Bottom-Up Chemical Synthesis. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024. [PMID: 38783839 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c02545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Graphene has received much scientific attention as an electrode material for lithium-ion batteries because of its extraordinary physical and electrical properties. However, the lack of structural control and restacking issues have hindered its application as carbon-based anode materials for next generation lithium-ion batteries. To improve its performance, several modification approaches such as edge-functionalization and electron-donating/withdrawing substitution have been considered as promising strategies. In addition, group 7A elements have been recognized as critical elements due to their electronegativity and electron-withdrawing character, which are able to further improve the electronic and structural properties of materials. Herein, we elucidated the chemistry of nanographenes with edge-substituted group 7A elements as lithium-ion battery anodes. The halogenated nanographenes were synthesized via bottom-up organic synthesis to ensure the structural control. Our study reveals that the presence of halogens on the edge of nanographenes not only tunes the structural and electronic properties but also impacts the material stability, reactivity, and Li+ storage capability. Further systematic spectroscopic studies indicate that the charge polarization caused by halogen atoms could regulate the Li+ transport, charge transfer energy, and charge storage behavior in nanographenes. Overall, this study provides a new molecular design for nanographene anodes aiming for next-generation lithium-ion batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Febri Baskoro
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Hui Qi Wong
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
- Sustainable Chemical Science and Technology Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program (TIGP), Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Svetozar Najman
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Po-Yu Yang
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Jazer Jose H Togonon
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chi Ho
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Chun Tseng
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Der-Lii M Tzou
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ruei Kung
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Tatung University, Taipei 10452, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Wei Pao
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
- Department of Photonics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Ju Yen
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
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2
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Khan M, Yan S, Ali M, Mahmood F, Zheng Y, Li G, Liu J, Song X, Wang Y. Innovative Solutions for High-Performance Silicon Anodes in Lithium-Ion Batteries: Overcoming Challenges and Real-World Applications. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2024; 16:179. [PMID: 38656460 PMCID: PMC11043291 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-024-01388-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Silicon (Si) has emerged as a potent anode material for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), but faces challenges like low electrical conductivity and significant volume changes during lithiation/delithiation, leading to material pulverization and capacity degradation. Recent research on nanostructured Si aims to mitigate volume expansion and enhance electrochemical performance, yet still grapples with issues like pulverization, unstable solid electrolyte interface (SEI) growth, and interparticle resistance. This review delves into innovative strategies for optimizing Si anodes' electrochemical performance via structural engineering, focusing on the synthesis of Si/C composites, engineering multidimensional nanostructures, and applying non-carbonaceous coatings. Forming a stable SEI is vital to prevent electrolyte decomposition and enhance Li+ transport, thereby stabilizing the Si anode interface and boosting cycling Coulombic efficiency. We also examine groundbreaking advancements such as self-healing polymers and advanced prelithiation methods to improve initial Coulombic efficiency and combat capacity loss. Our review uniquely provides a detailed examination of these strategies in real-world applications, moving beyond theoretical discussions. It offers a critical analysis of these approaches in terms of performance enhancement, scalability, and commercial feasibility. In conclusion, this review presents a comprehensive view and a forward-looking perspective on designing robust, high-performance Si-based anodes the next generation of LIBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Khan
- Institute for Energy Research, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Suxia Yan
- Institute for Energy Research, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Mujahid Ali
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Faisal Mahmood
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Zheng
- Institute for Energy Research, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Guochun Li
- Institute for Energy Research, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Junfeng Liu
- Institute for Energy Research, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaohui Song
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Wang
- Institute for Energy Research, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
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3
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Ma W, Wu H, Long T, Cai Y, Yu Z, Liu C, Fang G, Zhang Q, Jia X. Bamboo Inspired Silicon Anodes with Ultrahigh Initial Coulombic Efficiency and High Capacity for the Li-Ion Batteries. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2308109. [PMID: 37988717 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202308109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Silicon is regarded as the most promising candidate due to its ultrahigh theoretical energy density (4200 mAh g-1). However, the large volume expansion of silicon nanoparticles would result in the destruction of electrodes and a shortened cycle lifetime. Here, inspired by the natural structure of bamboo, the silicon anode with vascular bundle-like structure is proposed to improve the electrochemical performance for the first time. The dense channel wall in the silicon anode can accommodate the volume change of silicon nanoparticles and the transport of ions and electrons is also enhanced. The obtained silicon anodes display excellent mechanical properties (50% compression resilience and the average peel force of 4.34 N) and good wettability. What more, the silicon anodes exhibit high initial coulombic efficiency (94.5%), excellent cycle stability (2100 mAh g-1 after 300 cycles) which stands out among the silicon anodes. Specially, the silicon anode with impressive areal capacity of 36.36 mAh cm-2 and initial coulombic efficiency of 84% is also achieved. This work offers a novel and efficient strategy for the preparation of the flexible electrodes with outstanding performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wencan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Haomin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Teng Long
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250061, P. R. China
| | - Yifeng Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Zhiao Yu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 95403, USA
| | - Caixia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Guigan Fang
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Qiuhong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Xudong Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
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4
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Kim JH, Song A, Park JM, Park JS, Behera S, Cho E, Park YC, Kim NY, Jung JW, Lee SJ, Kim HS. Analogous Design of a Microlayered Silicon Oxide-Based Electrode to the General Electrode Structure for Thin-Film Lithium-Ion Batteries. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2309183. [PMID: 38160321 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202309183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Development of miniaturized thin-film lithium-ion batteries (TF-LIBs) using vacuum deposition techniques is crucial for low-scale applications, but addressing low energy density remains a challenge. In this work, structures analogous to SiOx-based thin-film electrodes are designed with close resemblance to traditional LIB slurry formulations including active material, conductive agent, and binder. The thin-film is produced using mid-frequency sputtering with a single hybrid target consisting of SiOx nanoparticles, carbon nanotubes, and polytetrafluoroethylene. The thin-film SiOx/PPFC (plasma-polymerized fluorocarbon) involves a combination of SiOx and conductive carbon within the PPFC matrix. This results in enhanced electronic conductivity and superior elasticity and hardness in comparison to a conventional pure SiOx-based thin-film. The electrochemical performance of the half-cell consisting of thin-film SiOx/PPFC demonstrates remarkable cycling stability, with a capacity retention of 74.8% up to the 1000th cycle at 0.5 C. In addition, a full cell using the LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2 thin-film as the cathode material exhibits an exceptional initial capacity of ≈120 mAh g-1 at 0.1 C and cycle performance, marked by a capacity retention of 90.8% from the first cycle to the 500th cycle at a 1 C rate. This work will be a stepping stone for the AM/CB/B composite electrodes in TF-LIBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Heon Kim
- Texas Materials Institute and Materials Science and Engineering Program, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Aeran Song
- Chemical Materials Solutions Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Min Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
- Department of Energy and Materials Engineering, Dongguk University, Seoul, 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Seob Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Subhashree Behera
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
- Department of Energy and Materials Engineering, Dongguk University, Seoul, 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunmi Cho
- Chemical Materials Solutions Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Chang Park
- National Nano Fab Centre, Daejeon, 305-806, Republic of Korea
| | - Na-Yeong Kim
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Ulsan (UOU), Ulsan, 44776, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Won Jung
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Ulsan (UOU), Ulsan, 44776, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Jin Lee
- Chemical Materials Solutions Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Suk Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
- Department of Energy and Materials Engineering, Dongguk University, Seoul, 04620, Republic of Korea
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5
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Li AM, Wang Z, Pollard TP, Zhang W, Tan S, Li T, Jayawardana C, Liou SC, Rao J, Lucht BL, Hu E, Yang XQ, Borodin O, Wang C. High voltage electrolytes for lithium-ion batteries with micro-sized silicon anodes. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1206. [PMID: 38332019 PMCID: PMC10853533 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45374-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Micro-sized silicon anodes can significantly increase the energy density of lithium-ion batteries with low cost. However, the large silicon volume changes during cycling cause cracks for both organic-inorganic interphases and silicon particles. The liquid electrolytes further penetrate the cracked silicon particles and reform the interphases, resulting in huge electrode swelling and quick capacity decay. Here we resolve these challenges by designing a high-voltage electrolyte that forms silicon-phobic interphases with weak bonding to lithium-silicon alloys. The designed electrolyte enables micro-sized silicon anodes (5 µm, 4.1 mAh cm-2) to achieve a Coulombic efficiency of 99.8% and capacity of 2175 mAh g-1 for >250 cycles and enable 100 mAh LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2 pouch full cells to deliver a high capacity of 172 mAh g-1 for 120 cycles with Coulombic efficiency of >99.9%. The high-voltage electrolytes that are capable of forming silicon-phobic interphases pave new ways for the commercialization of lithium-ion batteries using micro-sized silicon anodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai-Min Li
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20740, USA
| | - Zeyi Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20740, USA
| | - Travis P Pollard
- Battery Science Branch, DEVCOM Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, 20783, MD, USA
| | - Weiran Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20740, USA
| | - Sha Tan
- Chemistry Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
| | - Tianyu Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20740, USA
| | | | - Sz-Chian Liou
- Maryland Nanocenter, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20740, USA
| | - Jiancun Rao
- Maryland Nanocenter, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20740, USA
| | - Brett L Lucht
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, 02881, USA
| | - Enyuan Hu
- Chemistry Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
| | - Xiao-Qing Yang
- Chemistry Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
| | - Oleg Borodin
- Battery Science Branch, DEVCOM Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, 20783, MD, USA.
| | - Chunsheng Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20740, USA.
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6
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Wang Z, Yao M, Luo H, Xu C, Tian H, Wang Q, Wu H, Zhang Q, Wu Y. Rational Design of Ion-Conductive Layer on Si Anode Enables Superior-Stable Lithium-Ion Batteries. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2306428. [PMID: 37759404 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202306428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Silicon (Si) is considered a promising commercial material for the next-generation of high-energy density lithium-ion battery (LIB) due to its high theoretical capacity. However, the severe volume changes and the poor conductivity hinder the practical application of Si anode. Herein, a novel core-shell heterostructure, Si as the core and V3 O4 @C as the shell (Si@V3 O4 @C), is proposed by a facile solvothermal reaction. Theoretical simulations have shown that the in-situ-formed V3 O4 layer facilitates the rapid Li+ diffusion and lowers the energy barrier of Li transport from the carbon shell to the inner core. The 3D network structure constructed by amorphous carbon can effectively improve electronic conductivity and structural stability. Benefiting from the rationally designed structure, the optimized Si@V3 O4 @C electrode exhibits an excellent cycling stability of 1061.1 mAh g-1 at 0.5 A g-1 over 700 cycles (capacity retention of 70.0%) with an average Coulombic efficiency of 99.3%. In addition, the Si@V3 O4 @C||LiFePO4 full cell shows a superior capacity retention of 78.7% after 130 cycles at 0.5 C. This study opens a novel way for designing high-performance silicon anode for advanced LIBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyang Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Alternative Energy Materials & Devices, Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China
| | - Meng Yao
- Engineering Research Center of Alternative Energy Materials & Devices, Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China
| | - Hang Luo
- Engineering Research Center of Alternative Energy Materials & Devices, Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China
| | - Changhaoyue Xu
- Engineering Research Center of Alternative Energy Materials & Devices, Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China
| | - Hao Tian
- Engineering Research Center of Alternative Energy Materials & Devices, Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China
| | - Qian Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Alternative Energy Materials & Devices, Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China
| | - Hao Wu
- Engineering Research Center of Alternative Energy Materials & Devices, Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China
| | - Qianyu Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Alternative Energy Materials & Devices, Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China
| | - Yuping Wu
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, South East University, Nanjing, 211189, P. R. China
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7
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Jun S, Lee G, Song YB, Lim H, Baeck KH, Lee ES, Kim JY, Kim DW, Park JH, Jung YS. Interlayer Engineering and Prelithiation: Empowering Si Anodes for Low-Pressure-Operating All-Solid-State Batteries. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2309437. [PMID: 38221689 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202309437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Silicon (Si) anodes, free from the dendritic growth concerns found in lithium (Li) metal anodes, offer a promising alternative for high-energy all-solid-state batteries (ASSBs). However, most advancements in Si anodes have been achieved under impractical high operating pressures, which can mask detrimental electrochemo-mechanical issues. Herein, we effectively address the challenges related to the low-pressure operation of Si anodes in ASSBs by introducing an silver (Ag) interlayer between the solid electrolyte layer (Li6 PS5 Cl) and anode and prelithiating the anodes. The Si composite electrodes, consisting of Si/polyvinylidene fluoride/carbon nanotubes, are optimized for suitable mechanical properties and electrical connectivity. Although the impact of the Ag interlayer is insignificant at an exceedingly high operating pressure of 70 MPa, it substantially enhances the interfacial contacts under a practical low operating pressure of 15 MPa. Thus, Ag-coated Si anodes outperform bare Si anodes (discharge capacity: 2430 vs 1560 mA h g-1 ). The robust interfacial contact is attributed to the deformable, adhesive properties and protective role of the in situ lithiated Ag interlayer, as evidenced by comprehensive ex situ analyses. Operando electrochemical pressiometry is used effectively to probe the strong interface for Ag-coated Si anodes. Furthermore, prelithiation through the thermal evaporation deposition of Li metal significantly improves the cycling performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seunggoo Jun
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Gwanghyun Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Yong Bae Song
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Haechannara Lim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Ki Heon Baeck
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Eun Suh Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Ju Yeon Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Dae Woo Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Jong Hyeok Park
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Yoon Seok Jung
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
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8
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Chae S, Lim HK, Lee S. Energy Landscapes for Lithium Incorporation and Diffusion in Multidomain Silicon Suboxide Anode Materials. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023. [PMID: 38015616 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c12846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
In-depth understanding of the lithium interaction characteristics within multidomain silicon suboxide is indispensable for optimizing the electrochemical performance of silicon suboxide anode materials for lithium-ion batteries. In this study, we investigate the domain-dependent thermodynamic and kinetic properties of lithium atoms within systematically designed multidomain silicon suboxide models composed of Si, SiO2, and Si/SiO2 interface by performing a series of computational simulations combined with a unique tomography-like sampling scheme. We find that the Si/SiO2 interfacial region exhibits preferential thermodynamics and kinetics for lithiation and can serve as a critical lithium transport channel during charge-discharge cycles, while the SiO2 domain is likely to be excluded from lithiation due to its high resistance to lithium diffusion. Consequently, a significant fraction of lithium is expected to be trapped at the Si/SiO2 interface during the discharge process, which ultimately contributes to a low initial Coulombic efficiency. This theoretical understanding suggests that the formation of continuously connected lithium-transportable Si/SiO2 interfacial channels surrounding the Si domains, along with a well-structured shallow SiO2 framework through the use of appropriate synthesis methods, is essential for maximizing the electrochemical performance of silicon suboxide anode materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somin Chae
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Ewha Womans University, 52, Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
- Graduate Program in System Health Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, 52, Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Kyu Lim
- Division of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangheon Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Ewha Womans University, 52, Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
- Graduate Program in System Health Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, 52, Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
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9
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Zhang C, Yang Y, Liu X, Mao M, Li K, Li Q, Zhang G, Wang C. Mobile energy storage technologies for boosting carbon neutrality. Innovation (N Y) 2023; 4:100518. [PMID: 37841885 PMCID: PMC10568306 DOI: 10.1016/j.xinn.2023.100518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbon neutrality calls for renewable energies, and the efficient use of renewable energies requires energy storage mediums that enable the storage of excess energy and reuse after spatiotemporal reallocation. Compared with traditional energy storage technologies, mobile energy storage technologies have the merits of low cost and high energy conversion efficiency, can be flexibly located, and cover a large range from miniature to large systems and from high energy density to high power density, although most of them still face challenges or technical bottlenecks. In this review, we provide an overview of the opportunities and challenges of these emerging energy storage technologies (including rechargeable batteries, fuel cells, and electrochemical and dielectric capacitors). Innovative materials, strategies, and technologies are highlighted. Finally, the future directions are envisioned. We hope this review will advance the development of mobile energy storage technologies and boost carbon neutrality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyang Zhang
- School of Integrated Circuits, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics (WNLO), Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Ying Yang
- School of Integrated Circuits, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics (WNLO), Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Xuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Minglei Mao
- School of Integrated Circuits, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics (WNLO), Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Kanghua Li
- School of Integrated Circuits, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics (WNLO), Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Qing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Guangzu Zhang
- School of Integrated Circuits, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics (WNLO), Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Chengliang Wang
- School of Integrated Circuits, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics (WNLO), Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
- Wenzhou Advanced Manufacturing Institute, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wenzhou 325035, China
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10
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Gao Y, Fan L, Zhou R, Du X, Jiao Z, Zhang B. High-Performance Silicon-Rich Microparticle Anodes for Lithium-Ion Batteries Enabled by Internal Stress Mitigation. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2023; 15:222. [PMID: 37812292 PMCID: PMC10562352 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-023-01190-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Si is a promising anode material for Li ion batteries because of its high specific capacity, abundant reserve, and low cost. However, its rate performance and cycling stability are poor due to the severe particle pulverization during the lithiation/delithiation process. The high stress induced by the Li concentration gradient and anisotropic deformation is the main reason for the fracture of Si particles. Here we present a new stress mitigation strategy by uniformly distributing small amounts of Sn and Sb in Si micron-sized particles, which reduces the Li concentration gradient and realizes an isotropic lithiation/delithiation process. The Si8.5Sn0.5Sb microparticles (mean particle size: 8.22 μm) show over 6000-fold and tenfold improvements in electronic conductivity and Li diffusivity than Si particles, respectively. The discharge capacities of the Si8.5Sn0.5Sb microparticle anode after 100 cycles at 1.0 and 3.0 A g-1 are 1.62 and 1.19 Ah g-1, respectively, corresponding to a retention rate of 94.2% and 99.6%, respectively, relative to the capacity of the first cycle after activation. Multicomponent microparticle anodes containing Si, Sn, Sb, Ge and Ag prepared using the same method yields an ultra-low capacity decay rate of 0.02% per cycle for 1000 cycles at 1 A g-1, corroborating the proposed mechanism. The stress regulation mechanism enabled by the industry-compatible fabrication methods opens up enormous opportunities for low-cost and high-energy-density Li-ion batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Gao
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lei Fan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Zhou
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqiong Du
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Zengbao Jiao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Biao Zhang
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China.
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11
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Chen C, Pei C, Yang S, Ma H, Zhang D, Sun B, Ni S. Heterostructured Li 3VO 4-Ga 2O 3-embedded porous carbon nanofibers as advanced anode materials for lithium-ion batteries. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:24789-24796. [PMID: 37671644 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp03370h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
The development of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) is still facing challenges due to the design and optimization of anode materials and their Li-ion storage mechanisms. In this study, we aimed to address this issue by constructing three-dimensional hierarchical heterojunction structures using a double needle electrospinning strategy. The heterostructure was composed of insertion-type Li3VO4 and conversion/alloying-type Ga2O3 embedded porous carbon nanofibers (Li3VO4-Ga2O3@PCNF). The designed heterostructured Ga2O3 and Li3VO4 materials were found to effectively enhance charge transfer dynamics, thereby improving capacity and rate capability. Additionally, the facilitated efficient contact between the electrode and electrolyte, enabling the diffusion of ions and electrons. When applied as an anode material in LIBs, the Li3VO4-Ga2O3@PCNF composite achieved a high capacity of 630.0 mA h g-1 at 0.5 A g-1, and full capacity recovery after 6 periods of rate testing over 480 cycles. When simulating the practical application under a high discharge current of 6.0 A g-1, the Li3VO4-Ga2O3@PCNF could still deliver a high discharge capacity of 322.0 mA h g-1 after 2000 cycles. Furthermore, the composite exhibited a remarkable capacity retention of 77.2% after 2000 cycles at 6.0 A g-1. This research provides valuable guidance for the design of high-performance Li3VO4-based anodes, particularly in addressing the issue of inferior electronic conductivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Canyang Chen
- College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Inorganic Nonmetallic Crystalline and Energy Conversion Materials, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, China.
| | - Cunyuan Pei
- College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Inorganic Nonmetallic Crystalline and Energy Conversion Materials, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, China.
| | - Song Yang
- College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Inorganic Nonmetallic Crystalline and Energy Conversion Materials, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, China.
| | - Huijuan Ma
- Hubei Three Gorges Laboratory, Yichang, 443007, China
| | - Dongmei Zhang
- College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Inorganic Nonmetallic Crystalline and Energy Conversion Materials, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, China.
| | - Bing Sun
- College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Inorganic Nonmetallic Crystalline and Energy Conversion Materials, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, China.
| | - Shibing Ni
- College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Inorganic Nonmetallic Crystalline and Energy Conversion Materials, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, China.
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12
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Huang H, Liao L, Lin Z, Pan D, Nuo Q, Wu TT, Jiang Y, Bai H. Direct Ink Writing of Pickering Emulsions Generates Ultralight Conducting Polymer Foams with Hierarchical Structure and Multifunctionality. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2301493. [PMID: 37093544 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202301493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Porous materials with multiple hierarchy levels can be useful as lightweight engineering structures, biomedical implants, flexible functional devices, and thermal insulators. Numerous routes have integrated bottom-up and top-down approaches for the generation of engineering materials with lightweight nature, complex structures, and excellent mechanical properties. It nonetheless remains challenging to generate ultralight porous materials with hierarchical architectures and multi-functionality. Here, the combined strategy based on Pickering emulsions and additive manufacturing leads to the development of ultralight conducting polymer foams with hierarchical pores and multifunctional performance. Direct writing of the emulsified inks consisting of the nano-oxidant-hydrated vanadium pentoxide nanowires-generated free-standing scaffolds, which are stabilized by the interfacial organization of the nanowires into network structures. The following in situ oxidative polymerization transforms the nano-oxidant scaffolds into foams consisting of a typical conducting polymer-polyaniline. The lightweight polyaniline foams featured by hierarchical pores and high surface areas show excellent performances in the applications of supercapacitor electrodes, planar micro-supercapacitors, and gas sensors. This emerging technology demonstrates the great potential of a combination of additive manufacturing with complex fluids for the generation of functional solids with lightweight nature and adjustable structure-function relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Huang
- College of Materials, State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Fujian Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Fujian Province and Graphene Industry and Engineering Research Institute, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Longhui Liao
- College of Materials, State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Fujian Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Fujian Province and Graphene Industry and Engineering Research Institute, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Zewen Lin
- College of Materials, State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Fujian Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Fujian Province and Graphene Industry and Engineering Research Institute, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Deng Pan
- College of Materials, State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Fujian Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Fujian Province and Graphene Industry and Engineering Research Institute, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Qu Nuo
- College of Materials, State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Fujian Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Fujian Province and Graphene Industry and Engineering Research Institute, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Ting-Ting Wu
- College of Materials, State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Fujian Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Fujian Province and Graphene Industry and Engineering Research Institute, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Yuan Jiang
- College of Materials, State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Fujian Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Fujian Province and Graphene Industry and Engineering Research Institute, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Hua Bai
- College of Materials, State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Fujian Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Fujian Province and Graphene Industry and Engineering Research Institute, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
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13
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Dong Y, Zhang B, Zhao F, Gao F, Liu D. Dendrimer Based Binders Enable Stable Operation of Silicon Microparticle Anodes in Lithium-Ion Batteries. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2206858. [PMID: 36929041 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202206858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
High-capacity anode materials (e.g., Si) are highly needed for high energy density battery systems, but they usually suffer from low initial coulombic efficiency (CE), short cycle life, and low-rate capability caused by large volume changes during the charge and discharge process. Here, a novel dendrimer-based binder for boosting the electrochemical performance of Si anodes is developed. The polyamidoamine (PMM) dendrimer not only can be used as binder, but also can be utilized as a crosslinker to construct 3D polyacrylic acid (PAA)-PMM composite binder for high-performance Si microparticles anodes. Benefiting from maximum interface interaction, strong average peeling force, and high elastic recovery rate of PAA-PMM composite, the Si electrode based on PAA-PMM achieves a high specific capacity of 3590 mAh g-1 with an initial CE of 91.12%, long-term cycle stability with 69.80% retention over 200 cycles, and outstanding rate capability (1534.8 mAh g-1 at 3000 mA g-1 ). This work opens a new avenue to use dendrimer chemistry for the development of high-performance binders for high-capacity anode materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanling Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Biao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Fugui Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Gao
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China
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14
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Yi S, Yan Z, Li X, Zhang R, Wang Z, Zhang J, Huang J, Yang D, Du N. Insights into the Effect of SiO Particle Size on the Electrochemical Performance between Half and Full Cells for Li-Ion Batteries. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:24377-24386. [PMID: 37183402 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c01418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Silicon monoxide (SiO) has attracted growing attention as one of the most promising anodes for high-energy-density lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), benefiting from relatively low volume expansion and superior cycling performance compared to bare silicon (Si). However, the size of the SiO particle for commercial application remains uncertain. Besides, the materials and concepts developed on the laboratory level in half cells are quite different from what is necessary for practical operation in full cells. Herein, we investigate the electrochemical performance of SiO with different particle sizes between half cells and full cells. The SiO with larger particle size exhibits worse electrochemical performance in the half cell, whereas it demonstrates excellent cycling stability with a high capacity retention of 91.3% after 400 cycles in the full cell. The reasons for the differences in their electrochemical performance between half cells and full cells are further explored in detail. The SiO with larger particle size possessing superior electrochemical performance in full cells benefits from consuming less electrolyte and not being easier to aggregate. It indicates that the SiO with larger particle size is recommended for commercial application and part of the information provided from half cells may not be advocated to predict the cycling performances of the anode materials. The analysis based on the electrochemical performance of the SiO between half cells and full cells gives fundamental insight into further Si-based anode research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Zhilin Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Xingda Li
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Zhejiang Li Chen New Materials Technology Co., Ltd, Huzhou 313000, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Zhejiang Li Chen New Materials Technology Co., Ltd, Huzhou 313000, China
| | - Jingwen Zhang
- Shenzhen Yanyi New Materials Co., Ltd, Shenzhen 518110, China
| | - Jinlan Huang
- Shenzhen Yanyi New Materials Co., Ltd, Shenzhen 518110, China
| | - Deren Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Ning Du
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
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15
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Wang D, Ma Y, Xu W, Zhang S, Wang B, Zhi L, Li X. Controlled Isotropic Canalization of Microsized Silicon Enabling Stable High-Rate and High-Loading Lithium Storage. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2212157. [PMID: 36841944 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202212157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Silicon is attractive for lithium-ion batteries and beyond but suffers large volume change upon cycling. Hierarchical tactics show promise yet lack control over the unit construction and arrangement, limiting stability improvement at the practical level. Here, a protocol is developed as controlled isotropic canalization of microsized silicon. Distinct from the existing strategies, it involves isotropic canalization by honeycomb-like radial arrangement of silicon nanosheets, and canal consolidation by controlled dual bonding of silicon with carbon. The proof-of-concept nitrogen-doped carbon dual-bonded silicon honeycomb-like microparticles, specifically with a medium density of CNSi and COSi bonds, exhibit stable cycling impressively at high rates and industrial-scale loadings. Two key issues involve isotropic canalization facilitating ion transport in all directions of individual granules and controlled consolidation conferring selective ion permeation and securing charge transport. The study highlights the configurational isotropy and interfacial bonding density, and provides insight into rational design and manufacture of silicon and others with industry-viable features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denghui Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, P. R. China
| | - Yingjie Ma
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Wenqiang Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Siyuan Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, P. R. China
| | - Bin Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Linjie Zhi
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, Institute of New Energy, College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580, P. R. China
| | - Xianglong Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, P. R. China
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16
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Liu J, Zheng M, Wu S, Zhang L. Design strategies for coordination polymers as electrodes and electrolytes in rechargeable lithium batteries. Coord Chem Rev 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2023.215084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
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17
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Cho Y, Lee E, Lee KS, Hwang SJ, Kim CW, Kim TG, Kang SK, Park SY, Yoo K, Piao Y. CNT ink as an electrode additive for an effective hybrid conductive network in silicon microparticle/graphite anodes. Electrochim Acta 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2023.142134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
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18
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Lin J, Wang L, Xie Q, Luo Q, Peng DL, Buddie Mullins C, Heller A. Stainless Steel-Like Passivation Inspires Persistent Silicon Anodes for Lithium-Ion Batteries. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202216557. [PMID: 36510474 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202216557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Passivation of stainless steel by additives forming mass-transport blocking layers is widely practiced, where Cr element is added into bulk Fe-C forming the Cr2 O3 -rich protective layer. Here we extend the long-practiced passivation concept to Si anodes for lithium-ion batteries, incorporating the passivator of LiF/Li2 CO3 into bulk Si. The passivation mechanism is studied by various ex situ characterizations, redox peak contour maps, thickness evolution tests, and finite element simulations. The results demonstrate that the passivation can enhance the (de)lithiation of Li-Si alloys, induce the formation of F-rich solid electrolyte interphase, stabilize the Si/LiF/Li2 CO3 composite, and mitigate the volume change of Si anodes upon cycling. The 3D passivated Si anode can fully retain a high capacity of 3701 mAh g-1 after 1500 cycles and tolerate high rates up to 50C. This work provides insight into how to construct durable Si anodes through effective passivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Lin
- College of Materials, State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Fujian Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Engineering for High Performance Materials, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Laisen Wang
- College of Materials, State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Fujian Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Engineering for High Performance Materials, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Qingshui Xie
- College of Materials, State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Fujian Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Engineering for High Performance Materials, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Qing Luo
- College of Materials, State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Fujian Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Engineering for High Performance Materials, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Dong-Liang Peng
- College of Materials, State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Fujian Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Engineering for High Performance Materials, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, P. R. China
| | - C Buddie Mullins
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemistry, and Texas Materials Institute, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Adam Heller
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemistry, and Texas Materials Institute, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA.,1801 Lavaca Street 11E, Austin, TX 78701, USA
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19
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Wang Z, Pei Q, Wang M, Tan J, Ye S. Observing Nonpreferential Absorption of Linear and Cyclic Carbonate on the Silicon Electrode. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:2015-2021. [PMID: 36695809 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c03098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Silicon is reported to be a promising anode material due to its high storage capacity and excellent energy conversion rate. Molecular-level insight into the interaction between silicon electrodes and electrolyte solutions is essential for understanding the formation of a stable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI), but it is yet to be explored. In this study, we apply femtosecond sum frequency generation vibrational spectroscopy to investigate the initial adsorption of various pure and mixed electrolyte molecules on the silicon anode surface by monitoring the SFG signals from the carbonyl group of electrolyte molecules. When the silicon comes in contact with a pure carbonate solution, the linear carbonates of diethyl carbonate and ethyl methyl carbonate adopt two conformations with opposite C═O orientations on the silicon interface while the cyclic carbonates of ethylene carbonate and propylene carbonate almost adopt one conformation with C═O bonds pointing toward the silicon electrode. When the silicon comes in contact with the mixed linear and cyclic carbonate solutions, the total SFG intensity from the mixed solutions is approximately 2∼5 times weaker than those of pure cyclic carbonates. The C═O bonds of cyclic carbonates point toward the silicon electrode, while the C═O bonds of linear carbonates face toward the bulk solution at the silicon/mixed solution interface. No preferential absorption behaviors of the linear and cyclic carbonate electrolytes on the silicon electrode are observed. Such findings may help to understand the mechanism by which the SEI formed on the silicon anode is unstable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Wang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, and Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui230026, China
| | - Quanbing Pei
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, and Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui230026, China
| | - Mengmeng Wang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, and Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui230026, China
| | - Junjun Tan
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, and Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui230026, China
| | - Shuji Ye
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, and Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui230026, China
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20
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Insight into The Decay Mechanism of Non-ultra-thin Silicon Film Anode for Lithium-ion Batteries. Electrochim Acta 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2023.142112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
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21
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Luo C, Chen Y, Tian Q, Zhang W, Sui Z. Ultrathin porous MnO2@C nanosheets for high-performance lithium-ion battery anodes. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2023.117173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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22
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Li H, Buckingham MA. Silicon quantum dots inlaid micron graphite anode for fast chargeable and high energy density Li-ion batteries. Front Chem 2022; 10:1091268. [PMID: 36561146 PMCID: PMC9763575 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.1091268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The pursuit of rapid charging and high energy density in commercial lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) has been one of the priorities in battery research. Silicon-Carbon (Si-C), a possible substitute for graphite as an anode electrode material, is one prospect to achieving this goal. There is a debate as to whether nanoscale or the micron-scale silicon is more favourable as anode materials for LIBs. Micron-scale silicon exhibits relatively higher initial coulomb efficiency (CE) compared with nanoscale silicon, while its cycle stability is poorer. However, minimizing silicon normally benefits the cycle stability, but introduces serious side reactions, due to the large active surface for nanoscale silicon. Here, we propose silicon quantum dots (Si QDs) inlaid in micron graphite (SiQDs-in-MG) as an anode for high energy density and fast charging LIBs. The Si QDs almost eliminate the volume change typically observed in Si during long-term cycling, while the graphite blocks solvent entering the channels and contacting the SiQDs, promoting the generation of a stable solid electrolyte interphase, which is not in direct contact with the Si. SiQDs-in-MG addresses the main issues for Si-based anodes and is expected to achieve high energy density when in combination with a Lithium-Nickel-Manganese-Cobalt-Oxide (NMC) cathode in pouch cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanxin Li
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom,*Correspondence: Huanxin Li,
| | - Mark A. Buckingham
- Department of Materials, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
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23
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Bao L, Xu T, Guo K, Huang W, Lu X. Supramolecular Engineering of Crystalline Fullerene Micro-/Nano-Architectures. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2200189. [PMID: 35213750 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202200189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Fullerenes are a molecular form of carbon allotrope and bear certain solubility, which allow the supramolecular assembly of fullerene molecules-also together with other complementary compound classes-via solution-based wet processes. By well-programmed organizing these building blocks and precisely modulating over the assembly process, supramolecularly assembled fullerene micro-/nano-architectures (FMNAs) are obtained. These FMNAs exhibit remarkably enhanced functions as well as tunable morphologies and dimensions at different size scales, leading to their applications in diverse fields. In this review, both traditional and newly developed assembly strategies are reviewed, with an emphasis on the morphological evolution mechanism of FMNAs. The discussion is then focused on how to precisely regulate the dimensions and morphologies to generate functional FMNAs through solvent engineering, co-crystallization, surfactant incorporation, or post-fabrication treatment. In addition to C60 -based FMNAs, this review particularly focuses on recently fabricated FMNAs comprising higher fullerenes (e.g., C70 ) and metallofullerenes. Meanwhile, an overview of the property modulation is presented and multidisciplinary applications of FMNAs in various fields are summarized, including sensors, optoelectronics, biomedicines, and energy. At the end, the prospects for future research, application opportunities, and challenges associated with FMNAs are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lipiao Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Ting Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Kun Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Wenhuan Huang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for Industry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, P. R. China
| | - Xing Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
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24
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Li Z, Tian F, Li Y, Lei D, Wang C. Zero-Strain Insertion Anode Material of Lithium-Ion Batteries. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2204875. [PMID: 36316239 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202204875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The insertion type materials are the most important anode materials for lithium-ion batteries, but their insufficient capacity is the bottleneck of practical application. Here, LiAl5 O8 nanowires with high theoretical capacity and Li-ions diffusion coefficient are prepared and studied as an insertion anode material, which exhibits zero-strain properties upon electrochemical cycling. However, the poor electronic conductivity of LiAl5 O8 definitely sacrifices the capacity and limits the rate performance. Therefore, compact LiAl5 O8 and carbon composite are further synthesized, in which nanosized LiAl5 O8 particles are uniformly embedded in an amorphous carbon matrix. It displays a reversible capacity of 490.9 mAh g-1 at 1 A g-1 , and the capacity rises continuously to 996.8 mAh g-1 after 1000 cycles due to the interfacial storage mechanism, that the excess Li+ ions can be accommodated in the grain boundaries and C/LiAl5 O8 interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenbang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen (Zhongshan) University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Fei Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen (Zhongshan) University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen (Zhongshan) University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Danni Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen (Zhongshan) University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Chengxin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen (Zhongshan) University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
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25
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Lu Q, Dong Y, Fan Q, Kuang Q, Zhao Y. A novel strategy via electrode catalysis induced nano transformation for lithiated-bimetallic-oxides to avoid the long activation process of advanced lithium-ion batteries. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:17013-17026. [PMID: 36367121 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr05021h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Improving the anode materials for lithium-ion batteries with a long activation process, poor cycle stability, and low Coulomb efficiency is of great significance for developing novel high-performance anode materials. Orthorhombic LiVMoO5 with high specific capacity was applied to the anode field of lithium-ion battery for the first time. However, the activation process led to its poor cyclic performance. By adopting a novel nano-transformation treatment process in a water and oxygen environment, we effectively avoided the long-term activation process. The specially treated LiVMoO5 electrode (STLVME) exhibited excellent reversible specific capacity (∼1100 mA h g-1) and rate cycle stability (capacity retention rate ∼100%). Furthermore, GITT and EIS also showed that compared with the primitive LiVMoO5 electrode (LVME), smaller internal resistance and a higher Li+ diffusion coefficient were caused using the novel treatment process, significantly improving the rate cycle stability. Using in situ XRD and ex situ characterization, we illustrated the lithium storage mechanism of LVME and STLVME. In addition, the practical application potential of LVME and STLVME was also explored by assembling the full cells. Because the long-term activation process was effectively avoided, the full-cell exhibited amazing cycle stability, indicating that STLVME can be considered a promising potential anode for practical applications in energy storage devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuchen Lu
- School of Physics and Optoelectronics, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China.
| | - Youzhong Dong
- School of Physics and Optoelectronics, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China.
| | - Qinghua Fan
- School of Physics and Optoelectronics, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China.
| | - Quan Kuang
- School of Physics and Optoelectronics, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China.
| | - Yanming Zhao
- School of Physics and Optoelectronics, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China.
- South China Institute of Collaborative Innovation, Dongguan, 523808, P. R. China
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26
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Yan L, Qin J, Liang B, Gao S, Wang B, Cui J, Bolag A, Yang Y. High Pressure Rapid Synthesis of LiCrTiO 4 with Oxygen Vacancy for High Rate Lithium-Ion Battery Anodes. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2202901. [PMID: 35931464 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202202901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Lithium-ion battery based on LiCrTiO4 (LCTO) is considered to be a promising anode material, as they provide higher safety and durability beyond than that of graphite electrode. However, the applications of this transformative technology demand improved inherent electrical conductivity of LCTO as well as a simple and rapid synthetic route. Here, LCTO with oxygen vacancies (OVs) is fabricated using high-pressure synthesis technology in only 40 min. The optimal synthesis pressure is 0.8 GPa (LCTO-0.8). The reversible capacity of LCTO-0.8 at 1C is 131 mA h g-1 after 1000 cycles and the capacity retention is nearly 97%, and the reversible capacity of LCTO synthesized at atmospheric pressure (LCTO-P) is 85 mA h g-1 under the same circumstances. Even at 5C, the reversible capacity is 110 mA h g-1 , which is 77% higher than LCTO-P. Furthermore, it is confirmed by theoretical calculations that the introduction of OVs has the occupation of electronic states at the Fermi level, which greatly enhances the intrinsic conductivity of LCTO. Specifically, the electronic conductivity has increased by two orders of magnitude compared with LCTO-P. Therefore, high-pressure synthesis technology endows LCTO with superior characteristics, providing a new avenue for industrialization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lv Yan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
| | - Jieming Qin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
| | - Benkuan Liang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
| | - Shanlin Gao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
| | - Bo Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
| | - Jiuyue Cui
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
| | - Altan Bolag
- School of Physics and Electronic Information, Inner Mongolia Normal University, Hohhot, 010022, P. R. China
| | - Yanchun Yang
- School of Physics and Electronic Information, Inner Mongolia Normal University, Hohhot, 010022, P. R. China
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27
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Liu G, Gao J, Xia M, Cheng Y, Wang M, Hong W, Yang Y, Zheng J. Strengthening the Interfacial Stability of the Silicon-Based Electrode via an Electrolyte Additive─Allyl Phenyl Sulfone. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:38281-38290. [PMID: 35944094 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c08114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Silicon-based anodes have received widespread attention because of their high theoretical capacity, which, however, still faces challenges for practical applications due to the large volume changes during repeated charge/discharge processes, despite being developed for many years. Herein, we explore an electrolyte additive, allyl phenyl sulfone (APS), to enhance the interfacial stability and long-term durability of the SiOx/C electrode. It is revealed that additive APS contributes to forming a dense and robust solid electrolyte interphase film with high mechanical strength and favorable lithium-ion diffusion kinetics, which effectively suppresses the parasitic side reactions at the electrode-electrolyte interface. Meanwhile, the strong interaction between APS and trace water/acid in the electrolyte is further beneficial for enhancing the interfacial stability. By incorporating 0.5 wt% APS, the cycling stability of the silicon-based electrode is significantly improved, reserving a capacity of 777 mAh g-1 after 200 cycles at 0.5C and 30 °C (79.3% capacity retention), which well exceeds that of the baseline electrolyte (57.8% capacity retention). More importantly, additive APS effectively promotes the cycling performance of the corresponding SiOx/C||NCM90 (LiNi0.9Co0.05Mn0.05O2) full battery. This work provides valuable understanding in developing new electrolyte additives to enable the commercial application of high-energy density lithium-ion batteries using silicon-based anodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaopan Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surface, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Jian Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surface, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Meng Xia
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surface, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Yong Cheng
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surface, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surface, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Mingsheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surface, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Wenjing Hong
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surface, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Yong Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surface, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Jianming Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surface, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
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28
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Ells A, Evans ML, Groh MF, Morris AJ, Marbella LE. Phase Transformations and Phase Segregation during Potassiation of Sn x P y Anodes. CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS : A PUBLICATION OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2022; 34:7460-7467. [PMID: 36032553 PMCID: PMC9404545 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.2c01570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
K-ion batteries (KIBs) have the potential to offer a cheaper alternative to Li-ion batteries (LIBs) using widely abundant materials. Conversion/alloying anodes have high theoretical capacities in KIBs, but it is believed that electrode damage from volume expansion and phase segregation by the accommodation of large K-ions leads to capacity loss during electrochemical cycling. To date, the exact phase transformations that occur during potassiation and depotassiation of conversion/alloying anodes are relatively unexplored. In this work, we synthesize two distinct compositions of tin phosphides, Sn4P3 and SnP3, and compare their conversion/alloying mechanisms with solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (SSNMR) spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Ex situ 31P and 119Sn SSNMR analyses reveal that while both Sn4P3 and SnP3 exhibit phase separation of elemental P and the formation of KSnP-type environments (which are predicted to be stable based on DFT calculations) during potassiation, only Sn4P3 produces metallic Sn as a byproduct. In both anode materials, K reacts with elemental P to form K-rich compounds containing isolated P sites that resemble K3P but K does not alloy with Sn during potassiation of Sn4P3. During charge, K is only fully removed from the K3P-type structures, suggesting that the formation of ternary regions in the anode and phase separation contribute to capacity loss upon reaction of K with tin phosphides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew
W. Ells
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, 500 W 120th Street, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Matthew L. Evans
- Theory
of Condensed Matter Group, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J. J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
- Institut
de la Matière Condensée et des Nanosciences, UCLouvain, Chemin des Étoiles 8, Louvain-la-Neuve 1348, Belgium
| | - Matthias F. Groh
- Institute
for Inorganic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - Andrew J. Morris
- School
of Metallurgy and Materials, University
of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Lauren E. Marbella
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, 500 W 120th Street, New York, New York 10027, United States
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29
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Murata H, Nozawa K, Suzuki T, Kado Y, Suemasu T, Toko K. Si 1-xGe x anode synthesis on plastic films for flexible rechargeable batteries. Sci Rep 2022; 12:13779. [PMID: 35962140 PMCID: PMC9374656 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-18072-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
SiGe is a promising anode material for replacing graphite in next generation thin-film batteries owing to its high theoretical charge/discharge capacity. Metal-induced layer exchange (LE) is a unique technique used for the low-temperature synthesis of SiGe layers on arbitrary substrates. Here, we demonstrate the synthesis of Si1-xGex (x = 0-1) layers on plastic films using Al-induced LE. The resulting SiGe layers exhibited high electrical conductivity (up to 1200 S cm-1), reflecting the self-organized doping effect of LE. Moreover, the Si1-xGex layer synthesized by the same process was adopted as the anode for the lithium-ion battery. All Si1-xGex anodes showed clear charge/discharge operation and high coulombic efficiency (≥ 97%) after 100 cycles. While the discharge capacities almost reflected the theoretical values at each x at 0.1 C, the capacity degradation with increasing current rate strongly depended on x. Si-rich samples exhibited high initial capacity and low capacity retention, while Ge-rich samples showed contrasting characteristics. In particular, the Si1-xGex layers with x ≥ 0.8 showed excellent current rate performance owing to their high electrical conductivity and low volume expansion, maintaining a high capacity (> 500 mAh g-1) even at a high current rate (10 C). Thus, we revealed the relationship between SiGe composition and anode characteristics for the SiGe layers formed by LE at low temperatures. These results will pave the way for the next generation of flexible batteries based on SiGe anodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Murata
- Device Technology Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8568, Japan.
| | - K Nozawa
- Institute of Applied Physics, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8573, Japan
| | - T Suzuki
- Institute of Applied Physics, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8573, Japan
| | - Y Kado
- Energy Process Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 16-1 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8569, Japan
| | - T Suemasu
- Institute of Applied Physics, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8573, Japan
| | - K Toko
- Institute of Applied Physics, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8573, Japan.
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30
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Singh PK, Kepler KD, Kumar A, Leng Y. Evaluation and screening of Si-based anode materials in commercial Li-ion cells for electric vehicle applications. J APPL ELECTROCHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10800-022-01734-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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31
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Cheng B, Li X, Xu H, Zhu L, Zhang Y, Yin B, Ma M, Kuang Y, He H, Hu D. Strengthen Synergistic Effect of Soft Carbon and Hard Carbon Toward High-Performance Anode for K-Ion Battery. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:31879-31888. [PMID: 35793226 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c05633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Synergistic effect of soft carbon and hard carbon has been proven to be useful for obtaining excellent anode materials for potassium ion battery, which is determined by the mixing degree of precursors. Inspired by the formation of proteins in biology, peptide bonds are used to connect the precursors of the two sort of carbon to prepare soft-hard hybrid carbons with stronger synergistic effects. The hard carbon domain with nanometer size is so highly distributed in the soft carbon that the synergistic effect between two sorts of carbon is significantly enhanced. After the optimization, the diffusion coefficient of as-prepared hybrid carbon (CSHC3-6-1200) is 10 times larger than that of corresponding carbon synthesized by physical method. Consequently, CSHC3-6-1200 can maintain a specific capacity of 71.6 mAh g-1 at a high current density of 1600 mA g-1. It is believed that this new preparation route may bring a new perspective to the development of soft and hard composite carbon material anodes with high power density and ultralong service life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boshi Cheng
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Xing Li
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Hongqiang Xu
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Lin Zhu
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Yuting Zhang
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Bo Yin
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Mingchan Ma
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Yongbo Kuang
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Haiyong He
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Di Hu
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, The University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo 315100, PR China
- Advanced Energy and Environmental Materials & Technologies Research Group, The University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo, 315100, PR China
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32
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de Vasconcelos LS, Xu R, Xu Z, Zhang J, Sharma N, Shah SR, Han J, He X, Wu X, Sun H, Hu S, Perrin M, Wang X, Liu Y, Lin F, Cui Y, Zhao K. Chemomechanics of Rechargeable Batteries: Status, Theories, and Perspectives. Chem Rev 2022; 122:13043-13107. [PMID: 35839290 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Chemomechanics is an old subject, yet its importance has been revived in rechargeable batteries where the mechanical energy and damage associated with redox reactions can significantly affect both the thermodynamics and rates of key electrochemical processes. Thanks to the push for clean energy and advances in characterization capabilities, significant research efforts in the last two decades have brought about a leap forward in understanding the intricate chemomechanical interactions regulating battery performance. Going forward, it is necessary to consolidate scattered ideas in the literature into a structured framework for future efforts across multidisciplinary fields. This review sets out to distill and structure what the authors consider to be significant recent developments on the study of chemomechanics of rechargeable batteries in a concise and accessible format to the audiences of different backgrounds in electrochemistry, materials, and mechanics. Importantly, we review the significance of chemomechanics in the context of battery performance, as well as its mechanistic understanding by combining electrochemical, materials, and mechanical perspectives. We discuss the coupling between the elements of electrochemistry and mechanics, key experimental and modeling tools from the small to large scales, and design considerations. Lastly, we provide our perspective on ongoing challenges and opportunities ranging from quantifying mechanical degradation in batteries to manufacturing battery materials and developing cyclic protocols to improve the mechanical resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rong Xu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Zhengrui Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Jin Zhang
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Nikhil Sharma
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Sameep Rajubhai Shah
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Jiaxiu Han
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Xiaomei He
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Xianyang Wu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Hong Sun
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Shan Hu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Madison Perrin
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Xiaokang Wang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Yijin Liu
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Feng Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Yi Cui
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Kejie Zhao
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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33
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Kim YH, An JH, Kim SY, Li X, Song EJ, Park JH, Chung KY, Choi YS, Scanlon DO, Ahn HJ, Lee JC. Enabling 100C Fast-Charging Bulk Bi Anodes for Na-Ion Batteries. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2201446. [PMID: 35524951 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202201446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
It is challenging to develop alloying anodes with ultrafast charging and large energy storage using bulk anode materials because of the difficulty of carrier-ion diffusion and fragmentation of the active electrode material. Herein, a rational strategy is reported to design bulk Bi anodes for Na-ion batteries that feature ultrafast charging, long cyclability, and large energy storage without using expensive nanomaterials and surface modifications. It is found that bulk Bi particles gradually transform into a porous nanostructure during cycling in a glyme-based electrolyte, whereas the resultant structure stores Na ions by forming phases with high Na diffusivity. These features allow the anodes to exhibit unprecedented electrochemical properties; the developed Na-Bi half-cell delivers 379 mA h g-1 (97% of that measured at 1C) at 7.7 A g-1 (20C) during 3500 cycles. It also retained 94% and 93% of the capacity measured at 1C even at extremely fast-charging rates of 80C and 100C, respectively. The structural origins of the measured properties are verified by experiments and first-principles calculations. The findings of this study not only broaden understanding of the underlying mechanisms of fast-charging anodes, but also provide basic guidelines for searching battery anodes that simultaneously exhibit high capacities, fast kinetics, and long cycling stabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Hoon Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - Jae-Hyun An
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - Sung-Yeob Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - Xiangmei Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - Eun-Ji Song
- Department of Materials Engineering and Convergence Technology, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, South Korea
| | - Jae-Ho Park
- Energy Storage Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, South Korea
| | - Kyung Yoon Chung
- Energy Storage Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, South Korea
- Division of Energy and Environment Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, South Korea
| | - Yong-Seok Choi
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK
- Thomas Young Centre, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - David O Scanlon
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK
- Thomas Young Centre, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Hyo-Jun Ahn
- Department of Materials Engineering and Convergence Technology, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, South Korea
| | - Jae-Chul Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
- Institute of Green Manufacturing Technology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
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34
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Nanostructure Sn/C Composite High-Performance Negative Electrode for Lithium Storage. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27134083. [PMID: 35807325 PMCID: PMC9268231 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27134083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Tin-based nanocomposite materials embedded in carbon frameworks can be used as effective negative electrode materials for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), owing to their high theoretical capacities with stable cycle performance. In this work, a low-cost and productive facile hydrothermal method was employed for the preparation of a Sn/C nanocomposite, in which Sn particles (sized in nanometers) were uniformly dispersed in the conductive carbon matrix. The as-prepared Sn/C nanocomposite displayed a considerable reversible capacity of 877 mAhg−1 at 0.1 Ag−1 with a high first cycle charge/discharge coulombic efficiency of about 77%, and showed 668 mAh/g even at a relatively high current density of 0.5 Ag−1 after 100 cycles. Furthermore, excellent rate capability performance was achieved for 806, 697, 630, 516, and 354 mAhg−1 at current densities 0.1, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, and 1 Ag−1, respectively. This outstanding and significantly improved electrochemical performance is attributed to the good distribution of Sn nanoparticles in the carbon framework, which helped to produce Sn/C nanocomposite next-generation negative electrodes for lithium-ion storage.
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Jo M, Sim S, Kim J, Oh P, Son Y. Micron-Sized SiO x-Graphite Compound as Anode Materials for Commercializable Lithium-Ion Batteries. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12121956. [PMID: 35745295 PMCID: PMC9230857 DOI: 10.3390/nano12121956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The electrode concept of graphite and silicon blending has recently been utilized as the anode in the current lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) industry, accompanying trials of improvement of cycling life in the commercial levels of electrode conditions, such as the areal capacity of approximately 3.3 mAh/cm2 and volumetric capacity of approximately 570 mAh/cm3. However, the blending concept has not been widely explored in the academic reports, which focused mainly on how much volume expansion of electrodes could be mitigated. Moreover, the limitations of the blending electrodes have not been studied in detail. Therefore, herein we investigate the graphite blending electrode with micron-sized SiOx anode material which is one of the most broadly used Si anode materials in the industry, to approach the commercial and practical view. Compared to the silicon micron particle blending electrode, the SiOx blending electrode showed superior cycling performance in the full cell test. To elucidate the cause of the relatively less degradation of the SiOx blending electrode as the cycling progressed in full-cell, the electrode level expansion and the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) thickening were analyzed with various techniques, such as SEM, TEM, XPS, and STEM-EDS. We believe that this work will reveal the electrochemical insight of practical SiOx-graphite electrodes and offer the key factors to reducing the gap between industry and academic demands for the next anode materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minki Jo
- Department of Electric Engineering, Chosun University, 309, Pilmun-daero, Dong-gu, Gwangju 61452, Korea; (M.J.); (J.K.)
| | - Soojin Sim
- Department of Energy Engineering, School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Korea;
| | - Juhyeong Kim
- Department of Electric Engineering, Chosun University, 309, Pilmun-daero, Dong-gu, Gwangju 61452, Korea; (M.J.); (J.K.)
| | - Pilgun Oh
- Department of Smart Green Technology Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 485471, Korea;
- Department of Nanotechnology Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 485471, Korea
| | - Yoonkook Son
- Department of Electric Engineering, Chosun University, 309, Pilmun-daero, Dong-gu, Gwangju 61452, Korea; (M.J.); (J.K.)
- Correspondence:
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Wu H, Gao P, Mu J, Miao Z, Zhou P, Zhou T, Zhou J. Matryoshka-type carbon-stabilized hollow Si spheres as an advanced anode material for lithium-ion batteries. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2021.10.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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37
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Li N, Qu G, Zhang X, Zhao S, Wang C, Zhao G, Hou P, Xu X. Amorphous Ni-Co-S nanocages assembled with nanosheet arrays as cathode for high-performance zinc ion battery. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2021.10.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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38
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Qin X, Wang Y, Wang H, Lin H, Zhang X, Li Y, Li Z, Wang L. Reinforced concrete inspired Si/rGO/cPAN hybrid electrode: highly improved lithium storage via Si electrode nanoarchitecture engineering. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:6488-6496. [PMID: 35416823 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr00278g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Electrode nanoarchitecture engineering is a transformative way to improve the structural stability and build robust transport charge pathways for high-capacity silicon in lithium ion batteries (LIBs). However, the violent expansion of silicon during the lithiation/delithiation process is the chief reason for its limited industrialization. Here, we fabricated an integrated electrode structure using polyacrylonitrile (PAN) and graphene oxide (GO) inspired by reinforced concrete. Based on low-temperature annealing, cyclized PAN was assembled on the surface of silicon nanoparticles and tightly combined with reduced graphene oxide (rGO), which could construct stable and efficient transport channels for electrons and lithium ions and address the issues of electrode structure and interface stability. The resultant Si/rGO/cPAN (RC-Si) as the LIB anode exhibits exceptional combined performances including extraordinary mechanical properties, excellent cycling stability (∼1150 mA h g-1 at 2 A g-1 over 500 cycles), superior rate capability (∼600 mA h g-1 at 12 A g-1), and high areal capacity (∼5.6 mA h cm-2 at 0.5 mA cm-2). The novel electrode design concept is promising to promote the practical application of silicon anodes and open a new avenue to develop other high-capacity anodes for high-performance batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Qin
- International science and technology cooperation base for Ecological Chemical Engineering and Green Manufacturing, State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-chemical Engineering, Taishan Scholar Advantage and Characteristic Discipline Team of Eco-chemical Process and Technology, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, P. R. China.
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, P. R. China
| | - Yingchao Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Olefin Catalysis and Polymerization, Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics of Ministry of Education, School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, P. R. China
| | - Hui Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Olefin Catalysis and Polymerization, Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics of Ministry of Education, School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, P. R. China
| | - Haifeng Lin
- International science and technology cooperation base for Ecological Chemical Engineering and Green Manufacturing, State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-chemical Engineering, Taishan Scholar Advantage and Characteristic Discipline Team of Eco-chemical Process and Technology, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, P. R. China.
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, P. R. China
| | - Xinghao Zhang
- International science and technology cooperation base for Ecological Chemical Engineering and Green Manufacturing, State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-chemical Engineering, Taishan Scholar Advantage and Characteristic Discipline Team of Eco-chemical Process and Technology, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, P. R. China.
- College of New Energy, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, P. R. China.
- College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, P. R. China
| | - Yanyan Li
- International science and technology cooperation base for Ecological Chemical Engineering and Green Manufacturing, State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-chemical Engineering, Taishan Scholar Advantage and Characteristic Discipline Team of Eco-chemical Process and Technology, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, P. R. China.
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, P. R. China
| | - Zhenjiang Li
- International science and technology cooperation base for Ecological Chemical Engineering and Green Manufacturing, State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-chemical Engineering, Taishan Scholar Advantage and Characteristic Discipline Team of Eco-chemical Process and Technology, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, P. R. China.
| | - Lei Wang
- International science and technology cooperation base for Ecological Chemical Engineering and Green Manufacturing, State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-chemical Engineering, Taishan Scholar Advantage and Characteristic Discipline Team of Eco-chemical Process and Technology, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, P. R. China.
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, P. R. China
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Zhang S, Hwang J, Matsumoto K, Hagiwara R. In Situ Orthorhombic to Amorphous Phase Transition of Nb 2O 5 and Its Temperature Effect on Pseudocapacitive Behavior. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:19426-19436. [PMID: 35446016 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c01550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Niobium pentoxide (Nb2O5) represents an exquisite class of negative electrode materials with unique pseudocapacitive kinetics that engender superior power and energy densities for advanced electrical energy storage devices. Practical energy devices are expected to maintain stable performance under real-world conditions such as temperature fluctuations. However, the intercalation pseudocapacitive behavior of Nb2O5 at elevated temperatures remains unexplored because of the scarcity of suitable electrolytes. Thus, in this study, we investigate the effect of temperature on the pseudocapacitive behavior of submicron-sized Nb2O5 in a wide potential window of 0.01-2.3 V. Furthermore, ex situ X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy reveal the amorphization of Nb2O5 accompanied by the formation of NbO via a conversion reaction during the initial cycle. Subsequent cycles yield enhanced performance attributed to a series of reversible NbV, IV/NbIII redox reactions in the amorphous LixNb2O5 phase. Through cyclic voltammetry and symmetric cell electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, temperature elevation is noted to increase the pseudocapacitive contribution of the Nb2O5 electrode, resulting in a high rate capability of 131 mAh g-1 at 20,000 mA g-1 at 90 °C. The electrode further exhibits long-term cycling over 2000 cycles and high Coulombic efficiency ascribed to the formation of a robust, [FSA]--originated solid-electrolyte interphase during cycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoning Zhang
- Graduate School of Energy Science, Kyoto University, Yoshida-honmachi, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Jinkwang Hwang
- Graduate School of Energy Science, Kyoto University, Yoshida-honmachi, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Matsumoto
- Graduate School of Energy Science, Kyoto University, Yoshida-honmachi, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Rika Hagiwara
- Graduate School of Energy Science, Kyoto University, Yoshida-honmachi, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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40
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Zhao F, Zhao M, Dong Y, Ma L, Zhang Y, Niu S, Wei L. Facile preparation of micron-sized silicon-graphite‑carbon composite as anode material for high-performance lithium-ion batteries. POWDER TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2022.117455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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41
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Surface passivated Li Si with improved storage stability as a prelithiation reagent in anodes. Electrochem commun 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2022.107272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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42
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Hoon Park B, Yang H, Gil Choi Y, Kim KB. Structurally Reinforced Silicon/Graphene Composite for Lithium-Ion Battery Anodes: Carbon Anchor as a Conductive Structural Support. CHEMSUSCHEM 2022; 15:e202102675. [PMID: 35068082 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202102675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Herein, a Si/reduced graphene oxide (rGO)/C microsphere composite is reported, wherein sucrose-derived carbon binds Si nanoparticles (NPs) and rGO to act as a carbon anchor and links neighboring rGO sheets to reinforce the composite structure. In this structurally reinforced Si/rGO/C composite, the electron conduction pathways between rGO and Si NPs were maintained even under large volume changes during repeated charge-discharge processes. Consequently, the Si/rGO/C composite anode exhibited an initial discharge capacity of 1209 mAh g-1 and superior cyclability (92 % retention at 100 cycles), initial coulombic efficiency of 80.5 %, and high-rate capability even at a high C rate (6 C). Furthermore, the change in anode thickness after repeated cycling was negligible, confirming the structural stability imparted by the sucrose-derived carbon binder. A full cell assembled with a LiCoO2 cathode and the Si/rGO/C composite anode remained stable over 200 cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byung Hoon Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemoon-gu, Seoul, 03722 (Republic of, Korea
| | - Hanmo Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemoon-gu, Seoul, 03722 (Republic of, Korea
| | - Yong Gil Choi
- SVOLT Energy Technology Company, Korea LLC Technocomplex Building 611-2, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, 02841, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Bum Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemoon-gu, Seoul, 03722 (Republic of, Korea
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43
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Kitamoto Y, Cao KLA, Le PH, Abdillah OB, Iskandar F, Ogi T. A Sustainable Approach for Preparing Porous Carbon Spheres Derived from Kraft Lignin and Sodium Hydroxide as Highly Packed Thin Film Electrode Materials. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:3540-3552. [PMID: 35258982 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c03489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A green synthetic strategy to design biomass-derived porous carbon electrode materials with precisely tailored structure and morphology has always been a challenging goal because these materials can fulfill the demands of next-generation supercapacitors and other electrochemical devices. Potassium hydroxide (KOH) is extensively utilized as an activator since it can produce porous carbon with high specific surface area and well-developed porous channels. The exploitation of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) as an activating agent is less referenced in the literature, although it offers some advantages over KOH in terms of low cost, less corrosiveness, and simple handling procedure, all of which are appealing particularly from an industrial viewpoint. The motivation for this present study is to fabricate porous carbon spheres in a sustainable manner via a spray drying approach followed by a carbonization process, using Kraft lignin as the carbon precursor and NaOH as an alternative activation agent instead of the high-cost and high-corrosive KOH for the first time. The structure of carbon particles can be accurately transitioned from a compact to hollow structure, and the surface textural properties can be easily tuned by altering the NaOH concentration. The obtained porous carbon spheres were applied as highly packed thin film electrode materials for supercapacitor devices. The specific capacitance value of porous carbon spheres with a highly compact structure (high packing density) is 66.5 F g-1, which is higher than that of commercial activated carbon and other biomass-derived carbon. This work provides a green processing for producing low-cost and environment-friendly porous carbon spheres from abundant Kraft lignin and important insight for selecting NaOH as an activator to tailor the morphology and structure, which represents an economical and sustainable approach for energy storage devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiko Kitamoto
- Chemical Engineering Program, Department of Advanced Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan
| | - Kiet Le Anh Cao
- Chemical Engineering Program, Department of Advanced Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan
| | - Phong Hoai Le
- Chemical Engineering Program, Department of Advanced Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan
| | - Oktaviardi Bityasmawan Abdillah
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Ferry Iskandar
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Takashi Ogi
- Chemical Engineering Program, Department of Advanced Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan
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Chen C, Yang H, Yang X, Ma Q. Tannic acid: a crosslinker leading to versatile functional polymeric networks: a review. RSC Adv 2022; 12:7689-7711. [PMID: 35424749 PMCID: PMC8982347 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra07657d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
With the thriving of mussel-inspired polyphenol chemistry as well as the demand for low-cost analogues to polydopamine in adhesive design, tannic acid has gradually become a research focus because of its wide availability, health benefits and special chemical properties. As a natural building block, tannic acid could be used as a crosslinker either supramolecularly or chemically, ensuring versatile functional polymeric networks for various applications. Up to now, a systematic summary on tannic-acid-based networks has still been waiting for an update and outlook. In this review, the common features of tannic acid are summarized in detail, followed by the introduction of covalent and non-covalent crosslinking methods leading to various tannic-acid-based materials. Moreover, recent progress in the application of tannic acid composites is also summarized, including bone regeneration, skin adhesives, wound dressings, drug loading and photothermal conversion. Above all, we also provide further prospects concerning tannic-acid-crosslinked materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Chen
- Key Laboratory of New Material Research Institute, Department of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Jinan 250355 China
| | - Hao Yang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University (Shandong Qianfoshan Hospital) Jinan 250014 China
| | - Xiao Yang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University (Shandong Qianfoshan Hospital) Jinan 250014 China
| | - Qinghai Ma
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University (Shandong Qianfoshan Hospital) Jinan 250014 China
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45
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An W, He P, Che Z, Xiao C, Guo E, Pang C, He X, Ren J, Yuan G, Du N, Yang D, Peng DL, Zhang Q. Scalable Synthesis of Pore-Rich Si/C@C Core-Shell-Structured Microspheres for Practical Long-Life Lithium-Ion Battery Anodes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:10308-10318. [PMID: 35175030 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c22656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Silicon/carbon (Si/C) composites have rightfully earned the attention as anode candidates for high-energy-density lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) owing to their advantageous capacity and superior cycling stability, yet their practical application remains a significant challenge. In this study, we report the large-scale synthesis of an intriguing micro/nanostructured pore-rich Si/C microsphere consisting of Si nanoparticles tightly immobilized onto a micron-sized cross-linked C matrix that is coated by a thin C layer (denoted P-Si/C@C) using a low-cost spray-drying approach and a chemical vapor deposition process with inorganic salts as pore-forming agents. The as-obtained P-Si/C@C composite has high porosity that provides sufficient inner voids to alleviate the huge volume expansion of Si. The outer smooth and robust C shells strengthen the stability of the entire structure and the solid-electrolyte interphase. Si nanoparticles embedded in a microsized cross-linked C matrix show excellent electrical conductivity and superior structural stability. By virtue of structural advantages, the as-fabricated P-Si/C@C anode displays a high initial Coulombic efficiency of 89.8%, a high reversible capacity of 1269.6 mAh g-1 at 100 mA g-1, and excellent cycle performance with a capacity of 708.6 mAh g-1 and 87.1% capacity retention after 820 cycles at 1000 mA g-1, outperforming the reported results of Si/C composite anodes. Furthermore, a low electrode swelling of 18.1% at a high areal capacity of 3.8 mAh cm-2 can be obtained. When assembled into a practical 3.2 Ah cylindrical cell, extraordinary long cycling life with a capacity retention of 81.4% even after 1200 cycles at 1C (3.2 A) and excellent rate performance are achieved, indicating significant advantages for long-life power batteries in electric vehicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weili An
- BTR New Material Group Co., Ltd., Shenzhen 518107, P. R. China
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
| | - Peng He
- BTR New Material Group Co., Ltd., Shenzhen 518107, P. R. China
| | - Zongzhou Che
- BTR New Material Group Co., Ltd., Shenzhen 518107, P. R. China
| | - Chengmao Xiao
- BTR New Material Group Co., Ltd., Shenzhen 518107, P. R. China
| | - Eming Guo
- BTR New Material Group Co., Ltd., Shenzhen 518107, P. R. China
| | - Chunlei Pang
- BTR New Material Group Co., Ltd., Shenzhen 518107, P. R. China
| | - Xueqin He
- BTR New Material Group Co., Ltd., Shenzhen 518107, P. R. China
| | - Jianguo Ren
- BTR New Material Group Co., Ltd., Shenzhen 518107, P. R. China
| | - Guohui Yuan
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
| | - Ning Du
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Deren Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Dong-Liang Peng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, Fujian, P. R. China
| | - Qiaobao Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, Fujian, P. R. China
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Zheng J, Ju S, Xia G, Pan H, Yu X. Co-Construction of Solid Solution Phase and Void Space in Yolk-Shell Fe 0.4Co 0.6S@N-Doped Carbon to Enhance Cycling Capacity and Rate Capability for Aluminum-Ion Batteries. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:8076-8085. [PMID: 35112859 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c24510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Rechargeable aluminum-ion batteries (AIBs), using low-cost and inherent safety Al metal anodes, are regarded as promising energy storage devices next to lithium-ion batteries. Currently, one of the greatest challenges for AIBs is to explore cathodes suitable for feasible Al3+ insertion/extraction with high structure stability. Herein, a facile co-engineering on solid solution phase and cavity structure is developed via Prussian blue analogues by a simple and facile sulfidation strategy. The obtained uniform yolk-shell Fe0.4Co0.6S@N-doped carbon nanocages (y-s Fe0.4Co0.6S@NC) display a high reversible capacity of 141.3 mA h g-1 at 500 mA g-1 after 100 cycles and a good rate capability of 100.9 mA h g-1 at 1000 mA g-1. The improved performance can be mainly ascribed to the dual merits of the composite; that is, more negative Al3+ formation energy and improved Al3+ diffusion kinetics favored by the solid solution phase and Al3+ insertion/extraction accommodable space stemmed from the yolk-shell structure. Moreover, the reaction mechanism study discloses that the reaction involves the intercalation of Al3+ ions into Fe0.4Co0.6S to generate AllFemConS and elemental Fe and Co.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiening Zheng
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Shunlong Ju
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Guanglin Xia
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Hongge Pan
- Institute of Science and Technology for New Energy, Xi'an Technological University, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Xuebin Yu
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
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47
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Mu G, Agrawal S, Sittisomwong P, Bai P. Impacts of negative to positive capacities ratios on the performance of next-generation lithium-ion batteries. Electrochim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2022.139878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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48
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zhang Y, Zhou N, Liu X, Gao X, Fang S. Three-dimensional porous structured germanium anode materials for High-Performance Lithium-Ion Full-cell. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:14767-14774. [DOI: 10.1039/d2dt01528e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Germanium (Ge) has a high specific capacity when used as an alloying anode in lithium ion batteries. Despite this, the large volume of expansion that occurs during charging and discharging...
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49
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Jiang P, Li J. A porous silicon anode prepared by dealloying a Sr-modified Al–Si eutectic alloy for lithium ion batteries. RSC Adv 2022; 12:7892-7897. [PMID: 35424722 PMCID: PMC8982274 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra00443g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Silicon has been considered to be one of the most promising anode materials for next generation lithium ion batteries due to its high theoretical specific capacity. However, its huge volume expansion during the lithiation/delithiation process that can result in rapid capacity fading and low conductivity present significant challenges for application. In this study, the morphology of Si in an Al–Si eutectic alloy was modified by Sr, and porous Si was then produced by dealloying the precursor. Profiting from the unique structure, the Si anode exhibits an excellent reversible capacity of 405 mA h g−1 at 0.5 A g−1 after 100 cycles and a fantastic first cycle coulombic efficiency of 83.74%. Furthermore, the porous silicon modified by Sr delivers a stable capacity of 594.8 mA h g−1 even at a high current density of 2 A g−1 after 50 cycles, suggesting a good rate capability. With a porous coralloid structure, the silicon anode prepared by dealloying the Sr-modified Al–Si eutectic alloy exhibits excellent cycle and rate performances.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Piaopiao Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Jinfu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
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Qin W, Lu WC, Xue XY, Ho KM, Wang CZ. Lithium Diffusion in Silicon Encapsulated with Graphene. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11123397. [PMID: 34947746 PMCID: PMC8709124 DOI: 10.3390/nano11123397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
The model of a graphene (Gr) sheet putting on a silicon (Si) substrate is used to simulate the structures of Si microparticles wrapped up in a graphene cage, which may be the anode of lithium-ion batteries (LIBS) to improve the high-volume expansion of Si anode materials. The common low-energy defective graphene (d–Gr) structures of DV5–8–5, DV555–777 and SV are studied and compared with perfect graphene (p–Gr). First-principles calculations are performed to confirm the stable structures before and after Li penetrating through the Gr sheet or graphene/Si-substrate (Gr/Si) slab. The climbing image nudged elastic band (CI-NEB) method is performed to evaluate the diffusion barrier and seek the saddle point. The calculation results reveal that the d–Gr greatly reduces the energy barriers for Li diffusion in Gr or Gr/Si. The energy stability, structural configuration, bond length between the atoms and layer distances of these structures are also discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Qin
- College of Physics, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China;
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
- Correspondence: (W.Q.); (W.-C.L.); (C.-Z.W.)
| | - Wen-Cai Lu
- College of Physics, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China;
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
- Correspondence: (W.Q.); (W.-C.L.); (C.-Z.W.)
| | - Xu-Yan Xue
- College of Physics, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China;
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Kai-Ming Ho
- Ames Laboratory-U.S. DOE and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA;
| | - Cai-Zhuang Wang
- Ames Laboratory-U.S. DOE and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA;
- Correspondence: (W.Q.); (W.-C.L.); (C.-Z.W.)
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