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Keck J, Honekamp C, Gebhardt K, Nolte S, Linka M, de Haas B, Munzert J, Krüger K, Krüger B. Exercise-induced inflammation alters the perception and visual exploration of emotional interactions. Brain Behav Immun Health 2024; 39:100806. [PMID: 38974339 PMCID: PMC11225855 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2024.100806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The study aimed to investigate whether an exercise-induced pro-inflammatory response alters the perception as well as visual exploration of emotional body language in social interactions. Methods In a within-subject design, 19 male, healthy adults aged between 19 and 33 years performed a downhill run for 45 min at 70% of their VO2max on a treadmill to induce maximal myokine blood elevations, leading to a pro-inflammatory status. Two control conditions were selected: a control run with no decline and a rest condition without physical exercise. Blood samples were taken before (T0), directly after (T1), 3 h after (T3), and 24 h after (T24) each exercise for analyzing the inflammatory response. 3 h after exercise, participants observed point-light displays (PLDs) of human interactions portraying four emotions (happiness, affection, sadness, and anger). Participants categorized the emotional content, assessed the emotional intensity of the stimuli, and indicated their confidence in their ratings. Eye movements during the entire paradigm and self-reported current mood were also recorded. Results The downhill exercise condition resulted in significant elevations of measured cytokines (IL6, CRP, MCP-1) and markers for muscle damage (Myoglobin) compared to the control running condition, indicating a pro-inflammatory state after the downhill run. Emotion recognition rates decreased significantly after the downhill run, whereas no such effect was observed after control running. Participants' sensitivity to emotion-specific cues also declined. However, the downhill run had no effect on the perceived emotional intensity or the subjective confidence in the given ratings. Visual scanning behavior was affected after the downhill run, with participants fixating more on sad stimuli, in contrast to the control conditions, where participants exhibited more fixations while observing happy stimuli. Conclusion Our study demonstrates that inflammation, induced through a downhill running model, impairs perception and emotional recognition abilities. Specifically, inflammation leads to decreased recognition rates of emotional content of social interactions, attributable to diminished discrimination capabilities across all emotional categories. Additionally, we observed alterations in visual exploration behavior. This confirms that inflammation significantly affects an individual's responsiveness to social and affective stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Keck
- Neuromotor Behavior Lab, Institute of Sports Science, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
- Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB), Phillips University of Marburg and Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Germany
| | - Celine Honekamp
- Sensorimotor Control and Learning, Centre for Cognitive Science, Technical University of Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Kristina Gebhardt
- Department of Exercise Physiology and Sports Therapy, Institute of Sports Science, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Svenja Nolte
- Department of Exercise Physiology and Sports Therapy, Institute of Sports Science, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Marcel Linka
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Germany
| | - Benjamin de Haas
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Germany
- Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB), Phillips University of Marburg and Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Germany
| | - Jörn Munzert
- Neuromotor Behavior Lab, Institute of Sports Science, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
- Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB), Phillips University of Marburg and Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Germany
| | - Karsten Krüger
- Department of Exercise Physiology and Sports Therapy, Institute of Sports Science, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Britta Krüger
- Neuromotor Behavior Lab, Institute of Sports Science, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
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Haipt A, Rosenbaum D, Fuhr K, Batra A, Ehlis AC. Differential effects of hypnotherapy and cognitive behavioral therapy on the default mode network of depressed patients. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1401946. [PMID: 38993341 PMCID: PMC11238146 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1401946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Hypnosis has been applied in healing procedures since the earliest of recorded history and today it is implemented in a wholesome concept Hypnotherapy (HT1). On a neurophysiological level, hypnosis has been associated with parts of the Default Mode Network (DMN2), but its effects on this network when induced in a treatment setting of a widespread disorder, namely depression, have never been investigated. Depression is associated with abnormal functional connectivity (FC3) of the DMN. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT4) has proven itself to be an effective treatment for depression; effects of CBT on DMN-related regions are heterogeneous. In the past years, HT was found to be a promising alternative or helpful adjunction. Yet, its underlying mechanisms remain to be unclear. In this original study 75 depressed patients receiving either CBT or HT were included and measured during resting-state before and after therapy with functional near-infrared-spectroscopy (fNIRS5). On symptom level, results show a significant reduction in both groups. On a neurophysiological level, first exploratory analyses hint toward treatment effects in two components of the DMN. However, these effects do not withstand correction for multiple testing. Still, our study is a first stepstone in the investigation of neural mechanisms of HT and offers first ideas about possible implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Haipt
- Department of Psychophysiology and Optical Imaging, University Hospital of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - David Rosenbaum
- Department of Psychophysiology and Optical Imaging, University Hospital of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Kristina Fuhr
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Anil Batra
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Ann-Christine Ehlis
- Department of Psychophysiology and Optical Imaging, University Hospital of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
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Wu Z, Wang J, Chen Z, Yang Q, Xing Z, Cao D, Bao J, Kang T, Lin J, Cai S, Chen Z, Cai C. FlexDTI: flexible diffusion gradient encoding scheme-based highly efficient diffusion tensor imaging using deep learning. Phys Med Biol 2024; 69:115012. [PMID: 38688288 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/ad45a5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Objective. Most deep neural network-based diffusion tensor imaging methods require the diffusion gradients' number and directions in the data to be reconstructed to match those in the training data. This work aims to develop and evaluate a novel dynamic-convolution-based method called FlexDTI for highly efficient diffusion tensor reconstruction with flexible diffusion encoding gradient scheme.Approach. FlexDTI was developed to achieve high-quality DTI parametric mapping with flexible number and directions of diffusion encoding gradients. The method used dynamic convolution kernels to embed diffusion gradient direction information into feature maps of the corresponding diffusion signal. Furthermore, it realized the generalization of a flexible number of diffusion gradient directions by setting the maximum number of input channels of the network. The network was trained and tested using datasets from the Human Connectome Project and local hospitals. Results from FlexDTI and other advanced tensor parameter estimation methods were compared.Main results. Compared to other methods, FlexDTI successfully achieves high-quality diffusion tensor-derived parameters even if the number and directions of diffusion encoding gradients change. It reduces normalized root mean squared error by about 50% on fractional anisotropy and 15% on mean diffusivity, compared with the state-of-the-art deep learning method with flexible diffusion encoding gradient scheme.Significance. FlexDTI can well learn diffusion gradient direction information to achieve generalized DTI reconstruction with flexible diffusion gradient scheme. Both flexibility and reconstruction quality can be taken into account in this network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zejun Wu
- Department of Electronic Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plasma and Magnetic Resonance, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiechao Wang
- Department of Electronic Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plasma and Magnetic Resonance, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Zunquan Chen
- Department of Electronic Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plasma and Magnetic Resonance, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Qinqin Yang
- Department of Electronic Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plasma and Magnetic Resonance, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Xing
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Taijiang District, Fuzhou 350005, People's Republic of China
| | - Dairong Cao
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Taijiang District, Fuzhou 350005, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianfeng Bao
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Taishan Kang
- Department of MRI, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361004, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianzhong Lin
- Department of MRI, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361004, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuhui Cai
- Department of Electronic Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plasma and Magnetic Resonance, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhong Chen
- Department of Electronic Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plasma and Magnetic Resonance, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Congbo Cai
- Department of Electronic Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plasma and Magnetic Resonance, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China
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Ngan STJ, Cheng CPW, Chan WC, Tsui KHH, Chan SMC, Chan KWS. The modulation effect of cognition on mentalization in late-life depression: a study of gaze perception-a potential screening tool for high-risk group of late-life depression. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1199119. [PMID: 38751421 PMCID: PMC11094541 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1199119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Impairment in mentalization is implicated in the development and maintenance of depression. Major depressive disorders showed significant impairment in social cognition and such impairment appears to be positively associated with the severity of depression. Self-referential gaze perception (SRGP), a measurement of mentalization, was predominantly measured in patients with psychosis but rarely examined in late-life depression (LLD). Methods To assess the effect of cognition on the interpretation bias of mentalization, 29 LLD patients and 29 healthy controls were asked to judge if various gaze directions were directed to self in SRGP. Results Patients with better cognition showed less unambiguous-SRGP bias than those with worse cognitive scores; this difference was not found in healthy controls. Global cognition and executive function contributed to the SRGP rate in patients. Conclusion The current study is the first study to explore the relationship between cognition and SRGP in the LLD population. Our study findings suggested that the cognitive function of LLD patients may contribute to the modulation of interpretation bias, which in turn underlie the role of SRGP bias. Greater SRGP bias in patients may reflect social cognition deterioration, impairing the social interaction and functioning of LLD patients. This highlights the need for early intervention and cognitive decline identification to facilitate better prognosis and treatment effectiveness; thus, further studies could navigate the potential of SRGP task as a screening tool for high-risk group of LLD likely to develop dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sze Ting Joanna Ngan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | | | - Wai Chi Chan
- Department of Psychiatry, Queen Mary Hospital Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Kam Hung Harry Tsui
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Sau Man Corine Chan
- Department of Public Health, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Kit Wa Sherry Chan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Stolicyn A, Harris MA, de Nooij L, Shen X, Macfarlane JA, Campbell A, McNeil CJ, Sandu AL, Murray AD, Waiter GD, Lawrie SM, Steele JD, McIntosh AM, Romaniuk L, Whalley HC. Disrupted limbic-prefrontal effective connectivity in response to fearful faces in lifetime depression. J Affect Disord 2024; 351:983-993. [PMID: 38220104 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.01.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple brain imaging studies of negative emotional bias in major depressive disorder (MDD) have used images of fearful facial expressions and focused on the amygdala and the prefrontal cortex. The results have, however, been inconsistent, potentially due to small sample sizes (typically N<50). It remains unclear if any alterations are a characteristic of current depression or of past experience of depression, and whether there are MDD-related changes in effective connectivity between the two brain regions. METHODS Activations and effective connectivity between the amygdala and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) in response to fearful face stimuli were studied in a large population-based sample from Generation Scotland. Participants either had no history of MDD (N=664 in activation analyses, N=474 in connectivity analyses) or had a diagnosis of MDD during their lifetime (LMDD, N=290 in activation analyses, N=214 in connectivity analyses). The within-scanner task involved implicit facial emotion processing of neutral and fearful faces. RESULTS Compared to controls, LMDD was associated with increased activations in left amygdala (PFWE=0.031,kE=4) and left DLPFC (PFWE=0.002,kE=33), increased mean bilateral amygdala activation (β=0.0715,P=0.0314), and increased inhibition from left amygdala to left DLPFC, all in response to fearful faces contrasted to baseline. Results did not appear to be attributable to depressive illness severity or antidepressant medication status at scan time. LIMITATIONS Most studied participants had past rather than current depression, average severity of ongoing depression symptoms was low, and a substantial proportion of participants were receiving medication. The study was not longitudinal and the participants were only assessed a single time. CONCLUSIONS LMDD is associated with hyperactivity of the amygdala and DLPFC, and with stronger amygdala to DLPFC inhibitory connectivity, all in response to fearful faces, unrelated to depression severity at scan time. These results help reduce inconsistency in past literature and suggest disruption of 'bottom-up' limbic-prefrontal effective connectivity in depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleks Stolicyn
- Division of Psychiatry, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Kennedy Tower, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Edinburgh EH10 5HF, United Kingdom.
| | - Mathew A Harris
- Division of Psychiatry, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Kennedy Tower, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Edinburgh EH10 5HF, United Kingdom
| | - Laura de Nooij
- Division of Psychiatry, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Kennedy Tower, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Edinburgh EH10 5HF, United Kingdom; Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen 6525 EN, Netherlands
| | - Xueyi Shen
- Division of Psychiatry, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Kennedy Tower, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Edinburgh EH10 5HF, United Kingdom
| | - Jennifer A Macfarlane
- Division of Imaging Science and Technology, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, United Kingdom; Department of Medical Physics, NHS Tayside, Dundee DD2 1UB, United Kingdom; SINAPSE Consortium(2), United Kingdom
| | - Archie Campbell
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher J McNeil
- SINAPSE Consortium(2), United Kingdom; Aberdeen Biomedical Imaging Centre, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZN, United Kingdom
| | - Anca-Larisa Sandu
- SINAPSE Consortium(2), United Kingdom; Aberdeen Biomedical Imaging Centre, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZN, United Kingdom
| | - Alison D Murray
- SINAPSE Consortium(2), United Kingdom; Aberdeen Biomedical Imaging Centre, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZN, United Kingdom
| | - Gordon D Waiter
- SINAPSE Consortium(2), United Kingdom; Aberdeen Biomedical Imaging Centre, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZN, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen M Lawrie
- Division of Psychiatry, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Kennedy Tower, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Edinburgh EH10 5HF, United Kingdom
| | - J Douglas Steele
- Division of Imaging Science and Technology, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, United Kingdom; SINAPSE Consortium(2), United Kingdom
| | - Andrew M McIntosh
- Division of Psychiatry, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Kennedy Tower, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Edinburgh EH10 5HF, United Kingdom; SINAPSE Consortium(2), United Kingdom; Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, United Kingdom
| | - Liana Romaniuk
- Division of Psychiatry, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Kennedy Tower, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Edinburgh EH10 5HF, United Kingdom; SINAPSE Consortium(2), United Kingdom
| | - Heather C Whalley
- Division of Psychiatry, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Kennedy Tower, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Edinburgh EH10 5HF, United Kingdom; SINAPSE Consortium(2), United Kingdom; Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, United Kingdom
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Gencturk S, Unal G. Rodent tests of depression and anxiety: Construct validity and translational relevance. COGNITIVE, AFFECTIVE & BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE 2024; 24:191-224. [PMID: 38413466 PMCID: PMC11039509 DOI: 10.3758/s13415-024-01171-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Behavioral testing constitutes the primary method to measure the emotional states of nonhuman animals in preclinical research. Emerging as the characteristic tool of the behaviorist school of psychology, behavioral testing of animals, particularly rodents, is employed to understand the complex cognitive and affective symptoms of neuropsychiatric disorders. Following the symptom-based diagnosis model of the DSM, rodent models and tests of depression and anxiety focus on behavioral patterns that resemble the superficial symptoms of these disorders. While these practices provided researchers with a platform to screen novel antidepressant and anxiolytic drug candidates, their construct validity-involving relevant underlying mechanisms-has been questioned. In this review, we present the laboratory procedures used to assess depressive- and anxiety-like behaviors in rats and mice. These include constructs that rely on stress-triggered responses, such as behavioral despair, and those that emerge with nonaversive training, such as cognitive bias. We describe the specific behavioral tests that are used to assess these constructs and discuss the criticisms on their theoretical background. We review specific concerns about the construct validity and translational relevance of individual behavioral tests, outline the limitations of the traditional, symptom-based interpretation, and introduce novel, ethologically relevant frameworks that emphasize simple behavioral patterns. Finally, we explore behavioral monitoring and morphological analysis methods that can be integrated into behavioral testing and discuss how they can enhance the construct validity of these tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinem Gencturk
- Behavioral Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Boğaziçi University, 34342, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gunes Unal
- Behavioral Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Boğaziçi University, 34342, Istanbul, Turkey.
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Zhang J, Wu X, Si Y, Liu Y, Wang X, Geng Y, Chang Q, Jiang X, Zhang H. Abnormal caudate nucleus activity in patients with depressive disorder: Meta-analysis of task-based functional magnetic resonance imaging studies with behavioral domain. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2024; 338:111769. [PMID: 38141592 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2023.111769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
During task-based functional magnetic resonance imaging (t-fMRI) patients with depressive disorder (DD) have shown abnormal caudate nucleus activation. There have been no meta-analyses that are conducted on the caudate nucleus using Activation Likelihood Estimation (ALE) in patients with DD, and the relationships between abnormal caudate activity and different behavior domains in patients with DD remain unclear. There were 24 previously published t-fMRI studies included in the study with the caudate nucleus as the region of interest. Meta-analyses were performed using the method of ALE. Included five ALE meta-analyses: (1) the hypoactivated caudate nucleus relative to healthy controls (HCs); (2) the hyper-activated caudate nucleus; (3) the abnormal activation in the caudate nucleus in the emotion domain; (4) the abnormal activation in cognition domain; (5) the abnormal activation in the affective cognition domain. Results revealed that the hypo-/hyper-activity in the caudate subregions is mainly located in the caudate body and head, while the relationships between abnormal caudate subregions and different behavior domains are complex. The hypoactivation of the caudate body and head plays a key role in the emotions which indicates there is a positive relationship between the decreased caudate activity and depressed emotional behaviors in patients with DD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Zhang
- Department of Psychology, Xinxiang Medical University, Henan 453003, PR China; Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Psychopathology and Cognitive Neuroscience, Xinxiang, 453003, PR China; Department of Psychiatry, Henan Mental Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453002, PR China
| | - Xin Wu
- Department of Psychology, Xinxiang Medical University, Henan 453003, PR China; Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Psychopathology and Cognitive Neuroscience, Xinxiang, 453003, PR China
| | - Yajing Si
- Department of Psychology, Xinxiang Medical University, Henan 453003, PR China; Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Psychopathology and Cognitive Neuroscience, Xinxiang, 453003, PR China
| | - Yahui Liu
- Department of Psychology, Xinxiang Medical University, Henan 453003, PR China; Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Psychopathology and Cognitive Neuroscience, Xinxiang, 453003, PR China
| | - Xueke Wang
- Department of Psychology, Xinxiang Medical University, Henan 453003, PR China; Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Psychopathology and Cognitive Neuroscience, Xinxiang, 453003, PR China; Department of Psychiatry, Henan Mental Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453002, PR China
| | - Yibo Geng
- Department of Radiology, Henan Mental Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, PR China
| | - Qiaohua Chang
- Department of Nursing, Xinxiang Medical University, Henan 453003, PR China
| | - Xiaoxiao Jiang
- Department of Nursing, Xinxiang Medical University, Henan 453003, PR China
| | - Hongxing Zhang
- Department of Psychology, Xinxiang Medical University, Henan 453003, PR China; Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Psychopathology and Cognitive Neuroscience, Xinxiang, 453003, PR China; Department of Psychiatry, Henan Mental Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453002, PR China.
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Armand S, Langley C, Johansen A, Ozenne B, Overgaard-Hansen O, Larsen K, Jensen PS, Knudsen GM, Sahakian BJ, Stenbæk DS, Fisher PM. Functional brain responses to emotional faces after three to five weeks of intake of escitalopram in healthy individuals: a double-blind, placebo-controlled randomised study. Sci Rep 2024; 14:3149. [PMID: 38326352 PMCID: PMC10850508 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-51448-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Short-term intake of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) modulates threat-related amygdala responses in healthy individuals. However, how SSRI intake over a clinically relevant time period modulates threat-related amygdala responses is less clear. In a semi-randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of 64 healthy individuals (SSRI n = 32, placebo n = 32), we examined the effect of 3-5 weeks of SSRI escitalopram (20 mg daily) on brain response to angry, fearful and neutral faces using BOLD fMRI. Data was analysed using a whole-brain region-wise approach extracting standardised effects (i.e., Cohen's D). The study was conducted at the Copenhagen University Hospital. A priori, we hypothesised that SSRI would attenuate amygdala responses to angry and fearful faces but not to neutral ones. Whether SSRI modulates correlations between amygdala responses to emotional faces and negative mood states was also explored. Compared to placebo, 3-5 weeks of SSRI intake did not significantly affect the amygdala response to angry, fearful, or neutral faces (|Cohen's D|< 0.2, PFWER = 1). Whole-brain, region-wise analyses revealed significant differences in frontal (|Cohen's D|< 0.6, PFWER < .01) and occipital regions (|Cohen's D|< 0.5, PFWER < .01). SSRI did not modulate correlations between amygdala responses to emotional faces and negative mood states. Our findings indicate that a 3-5 week SSRI intake impacts cortical responses to emotional stimuli, an effect possibly involved in SSRI's therapeutic efficacy.Trial registration Clinical Trials NCT04239339.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Armand
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Annette Johansen
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Brice Ozenne
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Section of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Oliver Overgaard-Hansen
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kristian Larsen
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter Steen Jensen
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gitte Moos Knudsen
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Dea Siggard Stenbæk
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Patrick MacDonald Fisher
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Kamenish K, Robinson ESJ. Neuropsychological Effects of Antidepressants: Translational Studies. Curr Top Behav Neurosci 2024; 66:101-130. [PMID: 37955824 DOI: 10.1007/7854_2023_446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Pharmacological treatments that improve mood were first identified serendipitously, but more than half a century later, how these drugs induce their antidepressant effects remains largely unknown. With the help of animal models, a detailed understanding of their pharmacological targets and acute and chronic effects on brain chemistry and neuronal function has been achieved, but it remains to be elucidated how these effects translate to clinical efficacy. Whilst the field has been dominated by the monoamine and neurotrophic hypotheses, the idea that the maladaptive cognitive process plays a critical role in the development and perpetuation of mood disorders has been discussed since the 1950s. Recently, studies using objective methods to quantify changes in emotional processing found acute effects with conventional antidepressants in both healthy volunteers and patients. These positive effects on emotional processing and cognition occur without a change in the subjective ratings of mood. Building from these studies, behavioural methods for animals that quantify similar cognitive affective processes have been developed. Integrating these behavioural approaches with pharmacology and targeted brain manipulations, a picture is beginning to emerge of the underlying mechanisms that may link the pharmacology of antidepressants, these neuropsychological constructs and clinical efficacy. In this chapter, we discuss findings from animal studies, experimental medicine and patients investigating the neuropsychological effects of antidepressant drugs. We discuss the possible neural circuits that contribute to these effects and discuss whether a neuropsychological model of antidepressant effects could explain the temporal differences in clinical benefits observed with conventional delayed-onset antidepressants versus rapid-acting antidepressants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie Kamenish
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, University Walk, Bristol, UK
| | - Emma S J Robinson
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, University Walk, Bristol, UK.
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De Prisco M, Oliva V, Fico G, Montejo L, Possidente C, Bracco L, Fortea L, Anmella G, Hidalgo-Mazzei D, Fornaro M, de Bartolomeis A, Serretti A, Murru A, Vieta E, Radua J. Differences in facial emotion recognition between bipolar disorder and other clinical populations: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2023; 127:110847. [PMID: 37625644 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2023.110847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Facial emotion (or expression) recognition (FER) is a domain of affective cognition impaired across various psychiatric conditions, including bipolar disorder (BD). We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis searching for eligible articles published from inception to April 26, 2023, in PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, EMBASE, and PsycINFO to examine whether and to what extent FER would differ between people with BD and those with other mental disorders. Thirty-three studies comparing 1506 BD patients with 1973 clinical controls were included in the present systematic review, and twenty-six of them were analyzed in random-effects meta-analyses exploring the discrepancies in discriminating or identifying emotional stimuli at a general and specific level. Individuals with BD were more accurate in identifying each type of emotion during a FER task compared to individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia (SCZ) (SMD = 0.27; p-value = 0.006), with specific differences in the perception of anger (SMD = 0.46; p-value = 1.19e-06), fear (SMD = 0.38; p-value = 8.2e-04), and sadness (SMD = 0.33; p-value = 0.026). In contrast, BD patients were less accurate than individuals with major depressive disorder (MDD) in identifying each type of emotion (SMD = -0.24; p-value = 0.014), but these differences were more specific for sad emotional stimuli (SMD = -0.31; p-value = 0.009). No significant differences were observed when BD was compared with children and adolescents diagnosed with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. FER emerges as a potential integrative instrument for guiding diagnosis by enabling discrimination between BD and SCZ or MDD. Enhancing the standardization of adopted tasks could further enhance the accuracy of this tool, leveraging FER potential as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele De Prisco
- Departament de Medicina, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), c. Casanova, 143, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Hospìtal Clinic de Barcelona, c. Villarroel, 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), c. Villarroel, 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Vincenzo Oliva
- Departament de Medicina, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), c. Casanova, 143, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Hospìtal Clinic de Barcelona, c. Villarroel, 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), c. Villarroel, 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Giovanna Fico
- Departament de Medicina, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), c. Casanova, 143, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Hospìtal Clinic de Barcelona, c. Villarroel, 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), c. Villarroel, 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Laura Montejo
- Departament de Medicina, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), c. Casanova, 143, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Hospìtal Clinic de Barcelona, c. Villarroel, 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), c. Villarroel, 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Chiara Possidente
- Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Hospìtal Clinic de Barcelona, c. Villarroel, 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), c. Villarroel, 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Lorenzo Bracco
- Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Hospìtal Clinic de Barcelona, c. Villarroel, 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), c. Villarroel, 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy.
| | - Lydia Fortea
- Departament de Medicina, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), c. Casanova, 143, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; Imaging of Mood- and Anxiety-Related Disorders (IMARD) Group, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Gerard Anmella
- Departament de Medicina, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), c. Casanova, 143, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Hospìtal Clinic de Barcelona, c. Villarroel, 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), c. Villarroel, 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Diego Hidalgo-Mazzei
- Departament de Medicina, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), c. Casanova, 143, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Hospìtal Clinic de Barcelona, c. Villarroel, 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), c. Villarroel, 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Michele Fornaro
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Science and Odontostomatology Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy.
| | - Andrea de Bartolomeis
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Science and Odontostomatology Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Serretti
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Andrea Murru
- Departament de Medicina, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), c. Casanova, 143, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Hospìtal Clinic de Barcelona, c. Villarroel, 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), c. Villarroel, 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Eduard Vieta
- Departament de Medicina, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), c. Casanova, 143, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Hospìtal Clinic de Barcelona, c. Villarroel, 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), c. Villarroel, 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Joaquim Radua
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Imaging of Mood- and Anxiety-Related Disorders (IMARD) Group, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain; Early Psychosis: Interventions and Clinical-Detection (EPIC) Lab, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Centre for Psychiatric Research and Education, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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11
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De Giorgi R, Rizzo Pesci N, Rosso G, Maina G, Cowen PJ, Harmer CJ. The pharmacological bases for repurposing statins in depression: a review of mechanistic studies. Transl Psychiatry 2023; 13:253. [PMID: 37438361 PMCID: PMC10338465 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-023-02533-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Statins are commonly prescribed medications widely investigated for their potential actions on the brain and mental health. Pre-clinical and clinical evidence suggests that statins may play a role in the treatment of depressive disorders, but only the latter has been systematically assessed. Thus, the physiopathological mechanisms underlying statins' putative antidepressant or depressogenic effects have not been established. This review aims to gather available evidence from mechanistic studies to strengthen the pharmacological basis for repurposing statins in depression. We used a broad, well-validated search strategy over three major databases (Pubmed/MEDLINE, Embase, PsychINFO) to retrieve any mechanistic study investigating statins' effects on depression. The systematic search yielded 8068 records, which were narrowed down to 77 relevant papers. The selected studies (some dealing with more than one bodily system) described several neuropsychopharmacological (44 studies), endocrine-metabolic (17 studies), cardiovascular (6 studies) and immunological (15 studies) mechanisms potentially contributing to the effects of statins on mood. Numerous articles highlighted the beneficial effect of statins on depression, particularly through positive actions on serotonergic neurotransmission, neurogenesis and neuroplasticity, hypothalamic-pituitary axis regulation and modulation of inflammation. The role of other mechanisms, especially the association between statins, lipid metabolism and worsening of depressive symptoms, appears more controversial. Overall, most mechanistic evidence supports an antidepressant activity for statins, likely mediated by a variety of intertwined processes involving several bodily systems. Further research in this area can benefit from measuring relevant biomarkers to inform the selection of patients most likely to respond to statins' antidepressant effects while also improving our understanding of the physiopathological basis of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo De Giorgi
- University of Oxford, Department of Psychiatry, Warneford Hospital, Warneford Lane, Oxfordshire, Oxford, OX3 7JX, United Kingdom.
- Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Warneford Hospital, Warneford Lane, Oxfordshire, Oxford, OX3 7JX, United Kingdom.
| | - Nicola Rizzo Pesci
- University of Turin, Department of Neurosciences "Rita Levi Montalcini", Via Cherasco 15, Turin, 10126, Italy
| | - Gianluca Rosso
- University of Turin, Department of Neurosciences "Rita Levi Montalcini", Via Cherasco 15, Turin, 10126, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Maina
- University of Turin, Department of Neurosciences "Rita Levi Montalcini", Via Cherasco 15, Turin, 10126, Italy
| | - Philip J Cowen
- University of Oxford, Department of Psychiatry, Warneford Hospital, Warneford Lane, Oxfordshire, Oxford, OX3 7JX, United Kingdom
- Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Warneford Hospital, Warneford Lane, Oxfordshire, Oxford, OX3 7JX, United Kingdom
| | - Catherine J Harmer
- University of Oxford, Department of Psychiatry, Warneford Hospital, Warneford Lane, Oxfordshire, Oxford, OX3 7JX, United Kingdom
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12
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Kjærstad HL, Varo C, Meluken I, Vieta E, Vinberg M, Kessing LV, Miskowiak KW. Emotional cognition subgroups in unaffected first-degree relatives of patients with mood disorders. Psychol Med 2023; 53:2328-2338. [PMID: 37310310 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291721004165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) or bipolar disorder (BD) exhibit difficulties with emotional cognition even during remission. There is evidence for aberrant emotional cognition in unaffected relatives of patients with these mood disorders, but studies are conflicting. We aimed to investigate whether emotional cognition in unaffected first-degree relatives of patients with mood disorders is characterised by heterogeneity using a data-driven approach. METHODS Data from 94 unaffected relatives (33 of MDD patients; 61 of BD patients) and 203 healthy controls were pooled from two cohort studies. Emotional cognition was assessed with the Social Scenarios Test, Facial Expression Recognition Test and Faces Dot-Probe Test. Hierarchical cluster analysis was conducted using emotional cognition data from the 94 unaffected relatives. The resulting emotional cognition clusters and controls were compared for emotional and non-emotional cognition, demographic characteristics and functioning. RESULTS Two distinct clusters of unaffected relatives were identified: a relatively 'emotionally preserved' cluster (55%; 40% relatives of MDD probands) and an 'emotionally blunted' cluster (45%; 29% relatives of MDD probands). 'Emotionally blunted' relatives presented with poorer neurocognitive performance (global cognition p = 0.010), heightened subsyndromal mania symptoms (p = 0.004), lower years of education (p = 0.004) and difficulties with interpersonal functioning (p = 0.005) than controls, whereas 'emotionally preserved' relatives were comparable to controls on these measures. CONCLUSIONS Our findings show discrete emotional cognition profiles that occur across healthy first-degree relatives of patients with MDD and BD. These emotional cognition clusters may provide insight into emotional cognitive markers of genetically distinct subgroups of individuals at familial risk of mood disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanne Lie Kjærstad
- Mental Health Services, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen Affective Disorder Research Centre (CADIC), Psychiatric Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Cristina Varo
- Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Hospital Clinic, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Iselin Meluken
- Mental Health Services, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen Affective Disorder Research Centre (CADIC), Psychiatric Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Eduard Vieta
- Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Hospital Clinic, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Maj Vinberg
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Mental Health Services, Capital Region of Denmark, Psychiatric Centre North Zealand, Hillerød, Denmark
| | - Lars Vedel Kessing
- Mental Health Services, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen Affective Disorder Research Centre (CADIC), Psychiatric Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kamilla Woznica Miskowiak
- Mental Health Services, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen Affective Disorder Research Centre (CADIC), Psychiatric Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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13
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Ternovoy S, Ustyuzhanin D, Shariya M, Beliaevskaia A, Roldan-Valadez E, Shishorin R, Akhapkin R, Volel B. Recognition of Facial Emotion Expressions in Patients with Depressive Disorders: A Functional MRI Study. Tomography 2023; 9:529-540. [PMID: 36961002 PMCID: PMC10037615 DOI: 10.3390/tomography9020043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study evaluated the cortical activation during emotional information recognition. METHODS The study group included 16 patients with depression, and 16 healthy subjects were enrolled as a control group. Patients received eight weeks of antidepressant therapy. Functional MRI evaluated the cortical activation twice in the patient group and once in the control group. The fMRI task processed the emotional information with face demonstration from the PennCNP test battery. RESULTS During the processing of emotional information, patients showed activation in the middle and the inferior frontal gyri, the fusiform gyrus, and the occipital cortex. After treatment, patients showed a significant decrease in the frontal cortex activation for negative face demonstration and no frontal activation for positive emotion recognition. The left superior temporal gyrus activation zone appeared in patients after treatment and in the control group. Healthy subjects showed more intense frontal cortex activation when processing neutral emotions and less when showing happy and sad faces. Activation zones in the amygdala and the insula and deactivation zones in the posterior cingulate cortex were revealed in the controls. CONCLUSION This study confirms the hypothesis that anomalies in the processing of emotional stimuli can be a sign of a depressive disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey Ternovoy
- National Medical Research Center of Cardiology, 121552 Moscow, Russia
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119435 Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Merab Shariya
- National Medical Research Center of Cardiology, 121552 Moscow, Russia
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119435 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alena Beliaevskaia
- National Medical Research Center of Cardiology, 121552 Moscow, Russia
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119435 Moscow, Russia
| | - Ernesto Roldan-Valadez
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119435 Moscow, Russia
- Directorate of Research, Hospital General de Mexico "Dr Eduardo Liceaga", Mexico City 06720, Mexico
| | - Rodion Shishorin
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119435 Moscow, Russia
| | - Roman Akhapkin
- Serbsky National Medical Research Center of Psychiatry and Narcology, 119034 Moscow, Russia
| | - Beatrice Volel
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119435 Moscow, Russia
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14
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Claus J, Upadhyay N, Maurer A, Klein J, Scheef L, Daamen M, Martin JA, Stirnberg R, Radbruch A, Attenberger U, Stöcker T, Boecker H. Physical Activity Alters Functional Connectivity of Orbitofrontal Cortex Subdivisions in Healthy Young Adults: A Longitudinal fMRI Study. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:healthcare11050689. [PMID: 36900693 PMCID: PMC10001322 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11050689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Physical activity (PA) plays an important role in affect processing. Studies describe the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) as a major hub for emotion processing and the pathophysiology of affective disorders. Subregions of the OFC show diverse functional connectivity (FC) topographies, but the effect of chronic PA on subregional OFC FC still lacks scientific understanding. Therefore, we aimed at investigating the effects of regular PA on the FC topographies of OFC subregions in healthy individuals within a longitudinal randomized controlled exercise study. Participants (age: 18-35 years) were randomly assigned to either an intervention group (IG; N = 18) or a control group (CG; N = 10). Fitness assessments, mood questionnaires, and resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rsfMRI) were performed four times over the duration of 6 months. Using a detailed parcellation of the OFC, we created subregional FC topography maps at each time point and applied a linear mixed model to assess the effects of regular PA. The posterior-lateral right OFC showed a group and time interaction, revealing decreased FC with the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in the IG, while FC in the CG increased. Group and time interaction in the anterior-lateral right OFC with the right middle frontal gyrus was driven by increased FC in the IG. The posterior-lateral left OFC showed a group and time interaction based on differential change in FC to the left postcentral gyrus and the right occipital gyrus. This study emphasized regionally distinctive FC changes induced by PA within the lateral OFC territory, while providing aspects for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jannik Claus
- Clinical Functional Imaging Lab, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Neeraj Upadhyay
- Clinical Functional Imaging Lab, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Venusberg-Campus 1, Building 99, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Angelika Maurer
- Clinical Functional Imaging Lab, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Julian Klein
- Clinical Functional Imaging Lab, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Lukas Scheef
- Clinical Functional Imaging Lab, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Marcel Daamen
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Venusberg-Campus 1, Building 99, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Jason Anthony Martin
- Clinical Functional Imaging Lab, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Stirnberg
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Venusberg-Campus 1, Building 99, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Alexander Radbruch
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Venusberg-Campus 1, Building 99, 53127 Bonn, Germany
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Ulrike Attenberger
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Tony Stöcker
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Venusberg-Campus 1, Building 99, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Henning Boecker
- Clinical Functional Imaging Lab, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Venusberg-Campus 1, Building 99, 53127 Bonn, Germany
- Correspondence:
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15
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Duggan N, Gerhardstein P. Levels of orientation bias differ across digital content categories: Implications for visual perception. Perception 2023; 52:221-237. [PMID: 36617845 DOI: 10.1177/03010066221148673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
With the continued growth of digital device use, a greater portion of the visual world experienced daily by many people has shifted towards digital environments. The "oblique effect" denotes a bias for horizontal and vertical (canonical) contours over oblique contours, which is derived from a disproportionate exposure to canonical content. Carpentered environments have been shown to possess proportionally more canonical than oblique contours, leading to perceptual bias in those who live in "built" environments. Likewise, there is potential for orientation sensitivity to be shaped by frequent exposure to digital content. The potential influence of digital content on the oblique effect was investigated by measuring the degree of orientation anisotropy from a range of digital scenes using Fourier analysis. Content from popular cartoons, video games, and social communication websites was compared to real-life nature, suburban, and urban scenes. Findings suggest that digital content varies widely in orientation anisotropy, but pixelated video games and social communication websites were found to exhibit a degree of orientation anisotropy substantially exceeding that observed in all measured categories of real-world environments. Therefore, the potential may exist for digital content to induce an even greater shift in orientation bias than has been observed in previous research. This potential, and implications of such a shift, is discussed.
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16
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Meccia J, Lopez J, Bagot RC. Probing the antidepressant potential of psilocybin: integrating insight from human research and animal models towards an understanding of neural circuit mechanisms. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2023; 240:27-40. [PMID: 36564671 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-022-06297-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Interest in the therapeutic potential of serotonergic psychedelic compounds including psilocybin has surged in recent years. While human clinical research suggests psilocybin holds promise as a rapid and long-lasting antidepressant, little is known about how its acute mechanisms of action mediate enduring alterations in cognition and behavior. Human neuroimaging studies point to both acute and sustained modulation of functional connectivity in key cortically dependent brain networks. Emerging evidence in preclinical models highlights the importance of psilocybin-induced neuroplasticity and alterations in the prefrontal cortex (PFC). Overviewing research in both humans and preclinical models suggests avenues to increase crosstalk between fields. We review how acute modulation of PFC circuits may contribute to long-term structural and functional alterations to mediate antidepressant effects. We highlight the potential for preclinical circuit and behavioral neuroscience approaches to provide basic mechanistic insight into how psilocybin modulates cognitive and affective neural circuits to support further development of psilocybin as a promising new treatment for depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliet Meccia
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, 1205 Ave Dr. Penfield, Montréal, QC, H3A 1B1, Canada
| | - Joëlle Lopez
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, 1205 Ave Dr. Penfield, Montréal, QC, H3A 1B1, Canada
| | - Rosemary C Bagot
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, 1205 Ave Dr. Penfield, Montréal, QC, H3A 1B1, Canada. .,Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health, Montréal, QC, Canada.
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17
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Hales CA, Stuart SA, Griffiths J, Bartlett J, Arban R, Hengerer B, Robinson ES. Investigating neuropsychological and reward-related deficits in a chronic corticosterone-induced model of depression. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2023; 147:105953. [PMID: 36334546 PMCID: PMC10465973 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2022.105953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Chronic stress is a known risk factor for the development of major depression (MDD) and is commonly used to induce a depression-like phenotype in rodents. Similar phenotypic effects are also observed in rodents when treated chronically with the stress hormone corticosterone. In this study, we investigated the neuropsychological consequences of chronic corticosterone treatment in male rats using two translational rodent assays of affective bias, the judgement bias task (JBT) and affective bias test (ABT). We also used the reward learning assay (RLA) and sucrose preference test (SPT) to quantify reward-related behaviours. Negative biases in decision-making were observed in the chronic corticosterone-treated group but only when the treatment was given shortly before each behavioural session. The same dose of corticosterone, when given daily after completion of the behavioural session had no effects. Chronic corticosterone treatment did not potentiate negative affective biases in the ABT induced by either an acute pharmacological or stress manipulation but both reward learning and reward sensitivity were blunted. Analysis of the brain tissue from animals receiving chronic corticosterone found reduced hippocampal neurogenesis consistent with previous studies suggesting corticosterone-induced neurotrophic deficits. Taken together, these data suggest chronic corticosterone treatment induces neuropsychological effects related to changes in reward learning, memory and negative biases in decision making, but these decision-making biases depend on whether rewarding outcomes were experienced during the acute effects of the drug. These findings suggest an important interaction between psychological and biological factors resulting in negative biases in decision-making in this model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire A Hales
- University of Bristol, School of Physiology, Pharmacology & Neuroscience, Biomedical Sciences, University Walk, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK; Department of Psychology, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, 2215 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Sarah A Stuart
- University of Bristol, School of Physiology, Pharmacology & Neuroscience, Biomedical Sciences, University Walk, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Jennifer Griffiths
- University of Bristol, School of Physiology, Pharmacology & Neuroscience, Biomedical Sciences, University Walk, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Julia Bartlett
- University of Bristol, School of Physiology, Pharmacology & Neuroscience, Biomedical Sciences, University Walk, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Roberto Arban
- CNS Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma Gmbh & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Bastian Hengerer
- CNS Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma Gmbh & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Emma Sj Robinson
- University of Bristol, School of Physiology, Pharmacology & Neuroscience, Biomedical Sciences, University Walk, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK.
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18
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Sklivanioti Greenfield M, Wang Y, Msghina M. Similarities and differences in the induction and regulation of the negative emotions fear and disgust: A functional near infrared spectroscopy study. Scand J Psychol 2022; 63:581-593. [PMID: 35634652 PMCID: PMC9796661 DOI: 10.1111/sjop.12836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Affective processing, including induction and regulation of emotion, activates neural networks, induces physiological responses, and generates subjective experience. Dysregulation of these processes can lead to maladaptive behavior and even psychiatric morbidity. Multimodal studies of emotion thus not only help elucidate the nature of emotion, but also contribute to important clinical insights. In the present study, we compared the induction (EI) and effortful regulation (ER) with reappraisal of fear and disgust in healthy subjects using functional near infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) in conjunction with electrodermal activity (EDA). During EI, there was significant activation in medial prefrontal cortex (PFC) for fear and more widespread activation for disgust, with right lateral PFC significantly more active during disgust compared to fear. ER was equally effective for fear and disgust reducing subjective emotion rating by roughly 45%. Compared to baseline, there was no increased PFC activity for fear during ER, while for disgust lateral PFC was significantly more active. Significant differences between the two negative emotions were also observed in sympathetic nerve activity as reflected in EDA during EI, but not during ER. Lastly, compared to men, women had higher emotion rating for both fear and disgust without corresponding differences in EDA. In conclusion, in the present study we show that emotion induction was associated with differential activation in both PFC and sympathetic nerve activity for fear and disgust. These differences were however less prominent during emotion regulation. We discuss the potential interpretation of our results and their implications regarding our understanding of negative emotion processing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yanlu Wang
- Department of Clinical ScienceIntervention, and Technology, Karolinska InstituteStockholmSweden
- MR Physics, Medical Radiation Physics and Nuclear MedicineKarolinska University HospitalStockholmSweden
| | - Mussie Msghina
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience (CNS)Karolinska InstituteStockholmSweden
- Faculty of Medicine and HealthÖrebro UniversityÖrebroSweden
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19
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Karim AKMR, Proulx MJ, de Sousa AA, Likova LT. Do we enjoy what we sense and perceive? A dissociation between aesthetic appreciation and basic perception of environmental objects or events. COGNITIVE, AFFECTIVE & BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE 2022; 22:904-951. [PMID: 35589909 PMCID: PMC10159614 DOI: 10.3758/s13415-022-01004-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
This integrative review rearticulates the notion of human aesthetics by critically appraising the conventional definitions, offerring a new, more comprehensive definition, and identifying the fundamental components associated with it. It intends to advance holistic understanding of the notion by differentiating aesthetic perception from basic perceptual recognition, and by characterizing these concepts from the perspective of information processing in both visual and nonvisual modalities. To this end, we analyze the dissociative nature of information processing in the brain, introducing a novel local-global integrative model that differentiates aesthetic processing from basic perceptual processing. This model builds on the current state of the art in visual aesthetics as well as newer propositions about nonvisual aesthetics. This model comprises two analytic channels: aesthetics-only channel and perception-to-aesthetics channel. The aesthetics-only channel primarily involves restricted local processing for quality or richness (e.g., attractiveness, beauty/prettiness, elegance, sublimeness, catchiness, hedonic value) analysis, whereas the perception-to-aesthetics channel involves global/extended local processing for basic feature analysis, followed by restricted local processing for quality or richness analysis. We contend that aesthetic processing operates independently of basic perceptual processing, but not independently of cognitive processing. We further conjecture that there might be a common faculty, labeled as aesthetic cognition faculty, in the human brain for all sensory aesthetics albeit other parts of the brain can also be activated because of basic sensory processing prior to aesthetic processing, particularly during the operation of the second channel. This generalized model can account not only for simple and pure aesthetic experiences but for partial and complex aesthetic experiences as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K M Rezaul Karim
- Department of Psychology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh.
- Envision Research Institute, 610 N. Main St., Wichita, KS, USA.
- The Smith-Kettlewell Eye Research Institute, 2318 Fillmore St., San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | | | | | - Lora T Likova
- The Smith-Kettlewell Eye Research Institute, 2318 Fillmore St., San Francisco, CA, USA
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20
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Romero-Rebollar C, García-Gómez L, Báez-Yáñez MG, Gutiérrez-Aguilar R, Pacheco-López G. Adiposity affects emotional information processing. Front Psychol 2022; 13:879065. [PMID: 36225672 PMCID: PMC9549075 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.879065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a worldwide epidemic associated with severe health and psychological wellbeing impairments expressed by an increased prevalence of affective disorders. Emotional dysfunction is important due to its effect on social performance. The aim of the present narrative review is to provide a general overview of human research exploring emotional information processing in overweight and obese people. Evidence suggests that obesity is associated with an attenuation of emotional experience, contradictory findings about emotion recognition, and scarce research about automatic emotional information processing. Finally, we made some concluding considerations for future research on emotional information processing in overweight and obese people.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Leonor García-Gómez
- School of Psychology, Intercontinental University (UIC), Mexico City, Mexico
- Department of Research on Smoking and COPD, National Institute of Respiratory Diseases (INER) Ismael Cosío Villegas, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Mario G. Báez-Yáñez
- Radiology Department, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Ruth Gutiérrez-Aguilar
- Division of Research, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
- Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases: Obesity and Diabetes, Hospital Infantil de México “Federico Gómez”, Mexico City, Mexico
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21
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Xue L, Shao J, Wang H, Wang X, Zhu R, Yao Z, Lu Q. Shared and unique imaging-derived endo-phenotypes of two typical antidepressant-applicative depressive patients. Eur Radiol 2022; 33:645-655. [PMID: 35980436 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-022-09004-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Determining the clinical homogeneous and heterogeneous sets among depressive patients is the key to facilitate individual-level treatment decision. METHODS The diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) data of 62 patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) and 39 healthy controls were used to construct a Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) Bayesian model. Another 48 MDD patients were used to verify the robustness. The LDA model was employed to identify both shared and unique imaging-derived factors of two typically antidepressant-targeted depressive patients, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs). Furthermore, we applied canonical correlation analysis (CCA) between each factor loading and Hamilton depression rating scale (HAMD) sub-score, to explore the potential neurophysiological significance of each factor. RESULTS The results revealed the imaging-derived connectional fingerprint of all patients could be situated along three latent factor dimensions; such results were also verified by the out-of-sample dataset. Factor 1, uniquely expressed by SNRI-targeted patients, was associated with retardation (r = 0.4, p = 0.037) and characterized by coupling patterns between default mode network and cognitive control network. Factor 3, uniquely expressed by SSRI-targeted patients, was associated with cognitive impairment (r = 0.36, p = 0.047) and characterized by coupling patterns within cognitive control and attention network, and the connectivity between threat and reward network. Shared factor 2, characterized by coupling patterns within default mode network, was associated with anxiety (r = 0.54, p = 0.005) and sleep disturbance (r = 0.37, p = 0.032). CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggested that quantification of both homogeneity and heterogeneity within MDD may have the potential to inform rational design of pharmacological therapies. KEY POINTS • The shared and unique manifestations guiding pharmacotherapy of depressive patients are caused by the homogeneity and heterogeneity of underlying structural connections of the brain. • Both shared and unique factor loadings were found in different antidepressant-targeted patients. • Significant correlations between factor loading and HAMD sub-scores were found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Xue
- School of Biological Science & Medical Engineering, Southeast University, No. 2 Sipailou, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210096, China.,Child Development and Learning Science, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education, Nanjing, China
| | - Junneng Shao
- School of Biological Science & Medical Engineering, Southeast University, No. 2 Sipailou, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210096, China.,Child Development and Learning Science, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education, Nanjing, China
| | - Huan Wang
- School of Biological Science & Medical Engineering, Southeast University, No. 2 Sipailou, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210096, China.,Child Development and Learning Science, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinyi Wang
- School of Biological Science & Medical Engineering, Southeast University, No. 2 Sipailou, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210096, China.,Child Development and Learning Science, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education, Nanjing, China
| | - Rongxin Zhu
- Department of Psychiatry, the Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China.,Nanjing Brain Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Zhijian Yao
- Department of Psychiatry, the Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China. .,Nanjing Brain Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China.
| | - Qing Lu
- School of Biological Science & Medical Engineering, Southeast University, No. 2 Sipailou, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210096, China. .,Child Development and Learning Science, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education, Nanjing, China.
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22
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Rossetti MG, Perlini C, Abbiati V, Bonivento C, Caletti E, Fanelli G, Lanfredi M, Lazzaretti M, Pedrini L, Piccin S, Porcelli S, Sala M, Serretti A, Bellani M, Brambilla P. The Italian version of the Brief Assessment of Cognition in Affective Disorders: performance of patients with bipolar disorder and healthy controls. Compr Psychiatry 2022; 117:152335. [PMID: 35841657 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2022.152335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Cognitive deficits in Bipolar Disorder (BD) are significant enough to have an impact on daily functioning. Therefore, appropriate tools must be used to improve our understanding of the nature and severity of cognitive deficits in BD. In this study, we aimed to compare the cognitive profiles of patients with BD and healthy controls (HC) applying the Italian version of the Brief Assessment of Cognition in Affective Disorders (BAC-A). METHODS This cross-sectional study included 127 patients with BD and 134 HC. The participants' cognitive profiles were evaluated using the Italian version of the BAC-A, which assesses verbal memory, working memory, motor speed, verbal fluency, attention & processing speed, executive functions, and two new measures of affective processing. The BAC-A raw scores were corrected using the normative data for the Italian population. In addition, we explored whether intelligence quotient (IQ) and specific clinical variables would predict the BAC-A affective, non-affective, and total composite scores of patients with BD and HC. RESULTS HC performed better than patients with BD in all BAC-A subtests (all p < .001), except for subtests of the Affective Interference Test. (p ≥ .05). The effect sizes varied in magnitude and ranged between d = 0.02 and d = 1.27. In patients with BD, lower BAC-A composite scores were predicted by a higher number of hospitalizations. There was a significant association between IQ and BAC-A composite scores in both bipolar patients and HC. CONCLUSIONS The Italian BAC-A is sensitive to the cognitive impairments of patients with BD in both affective and non-affective cognitive domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Gloria Rossetti
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Cinzia Perlini
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Clinical Psychology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Vera Abbiati
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Carolina Bonivento
- IRCCS "E. Medea", Polo Friuli Venezia Giulia, San Vito al Tagliamento (PN), Italy
| | - Elisabetta Caletti
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Fanelli
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Mariangela Lanfredi
- Unit of Psychiatry, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Matteo Lazzaretti
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Pedrini
- Unit of Psychiatry, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Sara Piccin
- Unit of Psychiatry, Department of Medicine (DAME), University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Stefano Porcelli
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Michela Sala
- Department of Mental Health, Azienda Sanitaria Locale Alessandria, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Alessandro Serretti
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marcella Bellani
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Psychiatry, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.
| | - Paolo Brambilla
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy; Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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23
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Lai S, Zhong S, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Xue Y, Zhao H, Ran H, Yan S, Luo Y, He J, Zhu Y, Lv S, Song Z, Miao H, Hu Y, Huang X, Lu X, Zhou J, Jia Y. The prevalence and characteristics of MCCB cognitive impairment in unmedicated patients with bipolar II depression and major depressive disorder. J Affect Disord 2022; 310:369-376. [PMID: 35504401 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.04.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cognitive impairment has been acknowledged as a core clinical manifestation of bipolar disorder (BD) as well as major depressive disorder (MDD). Determining the prevalence and characteristics of cognitive impairment is important for clinical interventions. This study investigated the prevalence and characteristics of cognitive impairment based on the Measurement and Treatment Research to Improve Cognition Schizophrenia Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB) in both BD and MDD. METHOD One hundred and forty-nine BD II depression, 147 MDD, and 124 demographically matched healthy controls (HC) underwent MCCB cognitive assessment. The prevalence of MCCB cognitive impairment and group difference comparisons were performed. Additionally, association analysis was performed to investigate the relationship between cognitive performance and clinical variables. RESULTS Compared to the HC group, both BD II depression and MDD groups had a significantly reduced performance for all MCCB cognitive domains (all p < 0.05). The numerical scores for visual learning were lower in the BD II depression group compared to the MDD group. 32.89% of the BD II depression patients had clinically significant impairment (>1.5 SD below the normal mean) in two or more MCCB domains compared to 23.13% for MDD patients. CONCLUSIONS A high percent of patients in the BD II depression and MDD group exhibited MCCB cognitive impairments with clinical significance. Cognitive impairments were more common in BD II depression patients compared to MDD patients, particularly for visual learning. These findings suggest that clinicians should be aware of the severe cognitive impairment in mood disorders and establish effective cognitive screening and intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunkai Lai
- Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China; Medical Imaging Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Shuming Zhong
- Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Medical Imaging Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Yiliang Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Ying Xue
- Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Hanglin Ran
- School of Management, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510316, China
| | - Shuya Yan
- School of Management, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510316, China
| | - Yange Luo
- School of Management, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510316, China
| | - Jiali He
- Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Yunxia Zhu
- Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Sihui Lv
- School of Management, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510316, China
| | - Zijing Song
- School of Management, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510316, China
| | - Haofei Miao
- School of Management, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510316, China
| | - Yilei Hu
- School of Management, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510316, China
| | - Xiaosi Huang
- Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Xiaodan Lu
- Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Jiansong Zhou
- Department of Psychiatry, and National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China.
| | - Yanbin Jia
- Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China.
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24
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Kauthankar AA, Jaseemudheen M. Diffusion Tensor Imaging in Spinal Cord Injury: A Review. JOURNAL OF HEALTH AND ALLIED SCIENCES NU 2022. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1751068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
AbstractMagnetic resonance diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) is a recent technique that can measure the direction and magnitude of diffusion of water. It is widely being utilized to evaluate several brain and spinal cord pathologies. The objective of this review is to evaluate the importance of the DTI in patients with spinal cord injury (SCI). It aims to review various articles on DTI SCI and includes both animal and human studies. This will help to describe the current status of the clinical applications of DTI and show its potential as a helpful instrument in clinical practice. The PubMed database was searched for articles relating to the application of DTI in SCI. Relevant articles were also used for the review. A variety of DTI parameters have been studied in various articles. The standard parameters are fractional anisotropy (FA) values, apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values, radial diffusivity values, and axial diffusivity values, followed by tractography. FA and ADC values are the most commonly used parameters. The findings observed in most of the studies are increased FA and reduced ADC values following injury to the spinal cord. DTI data metrics possess the potential to become a potent clinical tool in patients with SCI. It is helpful for diagnosis, prognosis, treatment planning, as well as to evaluate the recovery. Nonetheless, to overcome the limitations and determine its reliability clinically, more research has to be performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akshada Atchut Kauthankar
- Department of Radio-diagnosis and Imaging, K S Hegde Medical Academy, Nitte (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - M.M Jaseemudheen
- Department of Radio-diagnosis and Imaging, K S Hegde Medical Academy, Nitte (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, Karnataka, India
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25
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Armand S, Ozenne B, Svart N, Frøkjaer VG, Knudsen GM, Fisher PM, Stenbaek DS. Brain serotonin transporter is associated with cognitive-affective biases in healthy individuals. Hum Brain Mapp 2022; 43:4174-4184. [PMID: 35607850 PMCID: PMC9374883 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cognitive affective biases describe the tendency to process negative information or positive information over the other. These biases can be modulated by changing extracellular serotonin (5-HT) levels in the brain, for example, by pharmacologically blocking and downregulating the 5-HT transporter (5-HTT), which remediates negative affective bias. This suggests that higher levels of 5-HTT are linked to a priority of negative information over positive, but this link remains to be tested in vivo in healthy individuals. We, therefore, evaluated the association between 5-HTT levels, as measured with [11 C]DASB positron emission tomography (PET), and affective biases, hypothesising that higher 5-HTT levels are associated with a more negative bias. We included 98 healthy individuals with measures of [11 C]DASB binding potential (BPND ) and affective biases using The Emotional Faces Identification Task by subtracting the per cent hit rate for happy from that of sad faces (EFITAB ). We evaluated the association between [11 C]DASB BPND and EFITAB in a linear latent variable model, with the latent variable (5-HTTLV ) modelled from [11 C]DASB BPND in the fronto-striatal and fronto-limbic networks implicated in affective cognition. We observed an inverse association between 5-HTTLV and EFITAB (β = -8% EFITAB per unit 5-HTTLV , CI = -14% to -3%, p = .002). These findings show that higher 5-HTT levels are linked to a more negative bias in healthy individuals. High 5-HTT supposedly leads to high clearance of 5-HT, and thus, a negative bias could result from low extracellular 5-HT. Future studies must reveal if a similar inverse association exists in individuals with affective disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Armand
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Brice Ozenne
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Public Health, Section of Biostatistics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,BrainDrugs, Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nanna Svart
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Vibe G Frøkjaer
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,BrainDrugs, Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Psychiatric Center Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gitte M Knudsen
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,BrainDrugs, Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Patrick M Fisher
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,BrainDrugs, Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Dea S Stenbaek
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,BrainDrugs, Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
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26
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Jørgensen LM, Henriksen T, Mardosiene S, Wyon O, Keller SH, Jespersen B, Knudsen GM, Stenbæk DS. Hot and Cold Cognitive Disturbances in Parkinson Patients Treated with DBS-STN: A Combined PET and Neuropsychological Study. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12050654. [PMID: 35625040 PMCID: PMC9139237 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12050654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) often suffer from non-motor symptoms, which may be caused by serotonergic dysfunction. Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) in the subthalamic nucleus (STN) may also influence non-motor symptoms. The aim of this study is to investigate how the cerebral 5-HT system associates to disturbances in cognition and mood in PD patients with DBS-STN turned on and off. We used psychological tests and questionnaires to evaluate cognitive function and the effects on mood from turning DBS-STN off. We applied a novel PET neuroimaging methodology to evaluate the integrity of the cerebral serotonin system. We measured 5-HT1BR binding in 13 DBS-STN-treated PD patients, at baseline and after turning DBS off. Thirteen age-matched volunteers served as controls. The measures for cognition and mood were correlated to the 5-HT1BR availability in temporal limbic cortex. 5-HT1BR binding was proportional to working memory performance and inverse proportional to affective bias for face recognition. When DBS is turned off, patients feel less vigorous; the higher the limbic and temporal 5-HT1BR binding, the more they are affected by DBS being turned off. Our study suggests that cerebral 5-HTR binding is associated with non-motor symptoms, and that preservation of serotonergic functions may be predictive of DBS-STN effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise M. Jørgensen
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (O.W.); (G.M.K.); (D.S.S.)
- Copenhagen Spine Research Unit, Center for Rheumatology and Spine Disease, Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet, 2600 Glostrup, Denmark
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Correspondence:
| | - Tove Henriksen
- Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg, 2400 Copenhagen, Denmark; (T.H.); (S.M.)
| | - Skirmante Mardosiene
- Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg, 2400 Copenhagen, Denmark; (T.H.); (S.M.)
| | - Ottilia Wyon
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (O.W.); (G.M.K.); (D.S.S.)
- Copenhagen Spine Research Unit, Center for Rheumatology and Spine Disease, Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet, 2600 Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Sune H. Keller
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark;
| | - Bo Jespersen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark;
| | - Gitte M. Knudsen
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (O.W.); (G.M.K.); (D.S.S.)
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Dea S. Stenbæk
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (O.W.); (G.M.K.); (D.S.S.)
- Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, 1353 Copenhagen, Denmark
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27
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Visual Event-Related Potentials under External Emotional Stimuli in Bipolar I Disorder with and without Hypersexuality. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12040441. [PMID: 35447973 PMCID: PMC9032653 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12040441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypersexuality is related to functions of personality and emotion and is a salient symptom of bipolar I disorder especially during manic episode. However, it is uncertain whether bipolar I disorder with (BW) and without (BO) hypersexuality exhibits different cerebral activations under external emotion stimuli. In 54 healthy volunteers, 27 BW and 26 BO patients, we administered the visual oddball event-related potentials (ERPs) under external emotions of Disgust, Erotica, Fear, Happiness, Neutral, and Sadness. Participants’ concurrent states of mania, hypomania, and depression were also evaluated. The N1 latencies under Erotica and Happiness were prolonged, and the P3b amplitudes under Fear and Sadness were decreased in BW; the P3b amplitudes under Fear were increased in BO. The parietal, frontal, and occipital activations were found in BW, and the frontal and temporal activations in BO under different external emotional stimuli, respectively. Some ERP components were correlated with the concurrent affective states in three groups of participants. The primary perception under Erotica and Happiness, and voluntary attention under Fear and Sadness, were impaired in BW, while the voluntary attention under Fear was impaired in BO. Our study indicates different patterns of visual attentional deficits under different external emotions in BW and BO.
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Kim K, Jeon HJ, Suh SW, Seong SJ, Hwang JY. Bridging the Gap From a Clinician's Perspective to Patient-Oriented Remission: Focusing on Cognitive Dysfunction in Depression. Psychiatr Ann 2022. [DOI: 10.3928/00485713-20220221-03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Almarzouki AF, Alghamdi RA, Nassar R, Aljohani RR, Nasser A, Bawadood M, Almalki RH. Social Media Usage, Working Memory, and Depression: An Experimental Investigation among University Students. Behav Sci (Basel) 2022; 12:bs12010016. [PMID: 35049627 PMCID: PMC8772695 DOI: 10.3390/bs12010016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Social media usage (SMU) and its relationship with working memory (WM) and academic performance remain unclear, and there is a lack of experimental evidence. We investigated whether WM mediates the association between SMU and academic performance, including the roles of depression, anxiety, and disordered social media use as possible contributors. A sample of 118 undergraduate students aged 19 to 28 from Saudi Arabia performed a WM test twice; for one assessment, participants were required to interact with social media before the test, and the other test was preceded by painting online. We also measured grade point average (GPA), habitual social media usage (SMU), depression (PHQ-9), anxiety (GAD-7), and disordered social media usage (SMDS). There was no significant difference between WM scores in the social media condition compared to the control condition, but when solely considering at least moderately depressed participants, social media use predicted significantly more errors in the social media condition compared to the control condition. Furthermore, higher SMDS scores were significantly predicted by higher PHQ-9 scores and more hours of habitual SMU. GPA scores were not predicted by WM performance or SMU. The present study is one of the first experimental attempts to compare the relationship between SMU and WM and highlights the priming effect of depression on the relationship between SMU and WM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abeer F. Almarzouki
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence:
| | - Renad A. Alghamdi
- Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (R.A.A.); (R.N.); (R.R.A.); (A.N.); (M.B.); (R.H.A.)
| | - Roaa Nassar
- Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (R.A.A.); (R.N.); (R.R.A.); (A.N.); (M.B.); (R.H.A.)
| | - Reem R. Aljohani
- Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (R.A.A.); (R.N.); (R.R.A.); (A.N.); (M.B.); (R.H.A.)
| | - Abdulrahman Nasser
- Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (R.A.A.); (R.N.); (R.R.A.); (A.N.); (M.B.); (R.H.A.)
| | - Manar Bawadood
- Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (R.A.A.); (R.N.); (R.R.A.); (A.N.); (M.B.); (R.H.A.)
| | - Rawan H. Almalki
- Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (R.A.A.); (R.N.); (R.R.A.); (A.N.); (M.B.); (R.H.A.)
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Slate SR, Busler JN, Mahon PB, Burdick KE. Age moderates the relationship between affective response inhibition and bipolar disorder in adults. J Affect Disord 2021; 295:298-304. [PMID: 34482062 PMCID: PMC8577218 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with bipolar disorder (BD) often have impairments in neurocognition, including affective processing and affective response inhibition. While studies suggest that cognitive control in general may decline with age in BD, less is known about age-related changes in response inhibition to emotionally salient information. METHODS 258 participants with BD and 54 healthy controls, ages 18-70, completed the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB) Affective Go/No-Go task to assess affective response inhibition to positive and negative valenced stimuli. We examined the relationship between BD and affective response inhibition (number of commission and omission errors and reaction time), as well as a potential moderating effect of age, using mixed effects linear regression models. RESULTS The BD group made more omission and commission errors overall than the control group (p < 0.018). We observed a significant 3-way group-by-age-by-valence interaction for reaction time (p = 0.006). Within BD, a slower reaction time to negative than positive stimuli was found in middle and older age groups (p < 0.012), but not in the younger age group. No significant moderating effect of age was observed within the control group. CONCLUSIONS These cross-sectional findings indicate that compared with healthy controls, individuals with BD display differential and age-related effects in inhibition to emotionally salient information that is valence-dependent. The observed pattern of a switch in bias from negative to positive stimuli with age in BD may aid in our understanding of the progression of neurocognitive changes with aging in BD, as well as inform targeted treatments for cognitive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Rose Slate
- Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jessica N. Busler
- Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA,Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health
| | - Pamela B. Mahon
- Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Katherine E. Burdick
- Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA,Corresponding author: Department of Psychiatry, Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115.
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Varo C, Kjærstad HL, Poulsen E, Meluken I, Vieta E, Kessing LV, Vinberg M, Miskowiak KW. Emotional cognition subgroups in mood disorders: Associations with familial risk. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2021; 51:71-83. [PMID: 34098515 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2021.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Patients with mood disorders show heterogeneity in non-emotional cognition. However, it is unclear whether emotional cognition (EC) is characterised by similar heterogeneity. We aimed to investigate the heterogeneity in EC among remitted patients with mood disorders and explore its association with familial risk. Data from 269 partially or fully remitted patients with mood disorders, 87 of their unaffected relatives (UR) and 203 healthy controls (HC) were pooled from two cohort studies. Hierarchical cluster analysis was conducted using the EC data from patients. UR were categorised into groups consistent with their affected relatives' cluster assignment. Clusters were compared to HC on EC, non-emotional cognition, clinical characteristics and functioning. We identified three clusters: an 'emotionally preserved' (57%), an 'emotionally blunted' (26%) and an 'emotionally volatile' cluster (17%). 'Emotionally blunted' and 'emotionally volatile' patients also presented more deficits in non-emotional cognition (global cognition read z=-0.3 and -0.5 respectively). Relatives of 'emotionally preserved' patients were more successful at dampening negative emotions (p=.01, d=0.39, 95% CI [-0.76,-0.09]), whereas UR of 'emotionally impaired' patients underperformed in verbal fluency (p=.03, d=0.46, 95% CI [.03, 0.68]) compared to HC. The existence of impaired EC groups in remitted mood disorder highlights a need to screen for and treat EC in mood disorders. Improved ability to dampen emotions in UR of 'emotionally preserved' patients may reflect a resilience marker while impaired verbal fluency in UR of 'emotionally impaired' patients may reflect distinct genetic risk profiles in these EC subgroups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Varo
- Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Hospital Clinic, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Hanne Lie Kjærstad
- Mental Health Services, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen Affective Disorder research Centre (CADIC), Psychiatric Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Emilie Poulsen
- Mental Health Services, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen Affective Disorder research Centre (CADIC), Psychiatric Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Iselin Meluken
- Mental Health Services, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen Affective Disorder research Centre (CADIC), Psychiatric Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Eduard Vieta
- Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Hospital Clinic, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Lars Vedel Kessing
- Mental Health Services, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen Affective Disorder research Centre (CADIC), Psychiatric Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Maj Vinberg
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Mental Health Services, Capital Region of Denmark, Psychiatric Centre North Zealand, Hillerød, Denmark
| | - Kamilla Woznica Miskowiak
- Mental Health Services, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen Affective Disorder research Centre (CADIC), Psychiatric Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Dam VH, Stenbæk DS, Köhler-Forsberg K, Ip C, Ozenne B, Sahakian BJ, Knudsen GM, Jørgensen MB, Frokjaer VG. Hot and cold cognitive disturbances in antidepressant-free patients with major depressive disorder: a NeuroPharm study. Psychol Med 2021; 51:2347-2356. [PMID: 32317043 PMCID: PMC8506354 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291720000938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cognitive disturbances are common and disabling features of major depressive disorder (MDD). Previous studies provide limited insight into the co-occurrence of hot (emotion-dependent) and cold (emotion-independent) cognitive disturbances in MDD. Therefore, we here map both hot and cold cognition in depressed patients compared to healthy individuals. METHODS We collected neuropsychological data from 92 antidepressant-free MDD patients and 103 healthy controls. All participants completed a comprehensive neuropsychological test battery assessing hot cognition including emotion processing, affective verbal memory and social cognition as well as cold cognition including verbal and working memory and reaction time. RESULTS The depressed patients showed small to moderate negative affective biases on emotion processing outcomes, moderate increases in ratings of guilt and shame and moderate deficits in verbal and working memory as well as moderately slowed reaction time compared to healthy controls. We observed no correlations between individual cognitive tasks and depression severity in the depressed patients. Lastly, an exploratory cluster analysis suggested the presence of three cognitive profiles in MDD: one characterised predominantly by disturbed hot cognitive functions, one characterised predominantly by disturbed cold cognitive functions and one characterised by global impairment across all cognitive domains. Notably, the three cognitive profiles differed in depression severity. CONCLUSION We identified a pattern of small to moderate disturbances in both hot and cold cognition in MDD. While none of the individual cognitive outcomes mapped onto depression severity, cognitive profile clusters did. Overall cognition-based stratification tools may be useful in precision medicine approaches to MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- V. H. Dam
- Neurobiology Research Unit, the Neuroscience Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Denmark
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - D. S. Stenbæk
- Neurobiology Research Unit, the Neuroscience Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Denmark
| | - K. Köhler-Forsberg
- Neurobiology Research Unit, the Neuroscience Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Denmark
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
- Psychiatric Center Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Denmark
| | - C. Ip
- Neurobiology Research Unit, the Neuroscience Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Denmark
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, H. Lundbeck A/S, Valby, Denmark
| | - B. Ozenne
- Neurobiology Research Unit, the Neuroscience Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Denmark
- Department of Public Health, Section of Biostatistics, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - B. J. Sahakian
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Behavioral and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - G. M. Knudsen
- Neurobiology Research Unit, the Neuroscience Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Denmark
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - M. B. Jørgensen
- Psychiatric Center Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Denmark
| | - V. G. Frokjaer
- Neurobiology Research Unit, the Neuroscience Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Denmark
- Psychiatric Center Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Denmark
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Koller-Schlaud K, Querbach J, Behr J, Ströhle A, Rentzsch J. Test-Retest Reliability of Frontal and Parietal Alpha Asymmetry during Presentation of Emotional Face Stimuli in Healthy Subjects. Neuropsychobiology 2021; 79:428-436. [PMID: 32182618 DOI: 10.1159/000505783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Resting-state and event-related frontal alpha asymmetry have been suggested as potential neurobiological biomarkers for depression and other psychiatric conditions. To be used as such, sufficient test-retest reliability needs to be demonstrated. However, test-retest reliability is underinvestigated for event-related alpha asymmetry. The objective of this study was to examine both short-term within-session and long-term between-session reliability of stimulus-related medial and lateral frontal as well as parietal alpha EEG asymmetry in healthy subjects during a simple emotional face processing task. Twenty-three healthy adults participated in two sessions with a test-retest interval of about 1 week. Reliability was estimated with Pearson's correlation coefficient and paired t test. Results revealed moderate to high within-session reliability of stimulus-related alpha asymmetry for all electrode sites and both conditions. Alpha asymmetry mean values did not change significantly within sessions. Between-session reliability was fair for frontomedial and moderate for frontolateral stimulus-related asymmetry. Exploratory exclusion of subjects with unstable between-session self-rating scores of emotional state and empathy toward stimuli resulted in some higher reliability values. Our results indicate that stimulus-related alpha asymmetry may serve as a useful electrophysiological tool given its adequate within-session reliability. However, long-term stability of stimulus-related frontal alpha asymmetry over 1 week was comparatively low and varied depending on electrode position. Influencing state factors during EEG recording, such as current mood or stimulus engagement, should be considered in future study designs and analyses. Further, we recommend to analyze alpha asymmetry from both frontomedial and frontolateral sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Koller-Schlaud
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy Campus Mitte, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, Neuruppin, Germany
| | - Julia Querbach
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy Campus Mitte, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Joachim Behr
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy Campus Mitte, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, Neuruppin, Germany.,Faculty of Health Science Brandenburg, Joint Faculty of the University of Potsdam, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg and Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Andreas Ströhle
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy Campus Mitte, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Johannes Rentzsch
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy Campus Mitte, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany, .,Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, Neuruppin, Germany,
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Baruch N, Behrman S, Wilkinson P, Bajorek T, Murphy SE, Browning M. Negative bias in interpretation and facial expression recognition in late life depression: A case control study. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2021; 36:1450-1459. [PMID: 33900662 DOI: 10.1002/gps.5557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES While cognitive bias in younger adults with depression has been extensively researched, there have been relatively few investigations of the presence of cognitive bias in late life depression (LLD). This exploratory study aimed to ascertain whether negative cognitive bias exists across a range of cognitive domains in participants with LLD. METHODS/DESIGN Participants were 19 patients with LLD and 19 matched non-depressed older adults. Participants completed standardised tests to assess bias in facial expression recognition, attention, recall of adjectives and interpretation. RESULTS LLD participants were slower to identify surprised faces, and more likely to create negative statements in the interpretation task. There was no evidence of negative bias in memory or attention, but participants with LLD performed more poorly on the recall task. CONCLUSIONS This study provides new evidence of negative bias in interpretation in LLD, but the findings are not consistent with a global cognitive bias Further work is needed to investigate cognitive bias in LLD. It may be that interventions which target negative interpretation biases, such as cognitive bias modification, could be helpful in treating LLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Baruch
- Older Adult Services, Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Sophie Behrman
- Older Adult Services, Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK.,Department of Psychiatry, Older Adult Services, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Philip Wilkinson
- Older Adult Services, Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK.,Department of Psychiatry, Older Adult Services, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Tomasz Bajorek
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Susannah E Murphy
- Department of Psychiatry, Older Adult Services, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Michael Browning
- Older Adult Services, Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK.,Department of Psychiatry, Older Adult Services, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,General Adult Services, Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
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Cheeta S, Beevers J, Chambers S, Szameitat A, Chandler C. Seeing sadness: Comorbid effects of loneliness and depression on emotional face processing. Brain Behav 2021; 11:e02189. [PMID: 34056856 PMCID: PMC8323026 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.2189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE Loneliness and depression are highly comorbid, and both are associated with social processing deficits. However, there is a paucity of research aimed at differentiating emotional face-processing deficits that are comorbid to loneliness and depression versus those attributable to loneliness or depression only. METHODS 502 participants were recruited and screened for loneliness (UCLA Loneliness Scale) and depression (Beck Depression Inventory). Of those, seventy-seven took part in a fully crossed 2 (loneliness; low/high) * 2 (depression; low/high) factorial between-subjects design study to assess individual and comorbid effects of loneliness and depression on a computerized morphed facial emotion processing task. RESULTS Comorbidity was confirmed by a significant positive correlation between loneliness and depression. On the emotion processing task, loneliness was associated with an increased accuracy for sad faces and decreased accuracy for fearful faces and depression with decreased accuracy in identifying happy faces. Comorbid loneliness and depression resulted in an increased misattribution of neutral faces as sad, an effect that was also seen in those who were either only lonely or only depressed. CONCLUSION This if the first study to tease out comorbid versus independent effects of loneliness and depression on social information processing. To the extent that emotional biases may act as risk factors for detrimental outcomes, our findings highlight the importance of treating both loneliness and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Survjit Cheeta
- Department of Life Sciences, Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, College of Health Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK
| | - Joseph Beevers
- Department of Life Sciences, Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, College of Health Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK
| | - Sophie Chambers
- Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Andre Szameitat
- Department of Life Sciences, Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, College of Health Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK
| | - Chris Chandler
- School of Social Sciences, London Metropolitan University, London, UK
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Ka L, R E, K W, G J, Lje B. Associations between Facets and Aspects of Big Five Personality and Affective Disorders:A Systematic Review and Best Evidence Synthesis. J Affect Disord 2021; 288:175-188. [PMID: 33901698 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.03.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Big Five personality traits correlate with affective disorders, with neuroticism considered a risk factor, and conscientiousness and extroversion considered protective factors. However, the relationships between affective disorders and lower-order personality facets and aspects are less clear. METHOD A systematic review was carried out to identify studies measuring associations between lower-order personality constructs and affective disorders. Big Five facets were measured using the NEO-PI-R, and aspects using the BFAS. PsycINFO, EMBASE, MedLine and OpenGrey were searched from January 1st, 1985 to June 30th, 2020. Fifteen studies met criteria and reported a total of 408 associations. Data were analysed using best evidence synthesis. RESULTS Most facets of neuroticism were positively associated with affective disorders. Positive emotion in extroversion, and competence and self-discipline in conscientiousness, were negatively associated with affective disorders. Trust in agreeableness, and actions in openness, were negatively associated with anxiety disorders, whereas fantasy in openness was positively associated with anxiety disorders. At the aspect level, withdrawal in neuroticism was positively associated with MDD, whereas industriousness in conscientiousness was negatively associated with MDD. LIMITATIONS Due to the use the heterogenous measures between studies, a meta-analysis could not be performed. Only Big Five personality constructs were investigated, limited to BFAS personality aspects, and NEO-PI-R personality facets. CONCLUSIONS Neuroticism, positive emotion, competence and self-discipline correlate with various anxiety and depressive disorders. These facets may be endophenotypes for affective disorders in general. Future research is needed to investigate mediating pathways between personality facets and affective disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyon Ka
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, University of Manchester, M13 9PG.
| | - Elliott R
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, University of Manchester, M13 9PG
| | - Ware K
- Division of Psychology and Mental Health, University of Manchester, M13 9PL
| | - Juhasz G
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; SE-NAP2 Genetic Brain Imaging Migraine Research Group, Hungarian Brain Research Program, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Brown Lje
- Division of Psychology and Mental Health, University of Manchester, M13 9PL
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Akhapkin RV, Volel BA, Shishorin RM, Ustyuzhanin DV, Petelin DS. Recognition of Facial Emotion Expressions in Patients with Depressive Disorders: A Prospective, Observational Study. Neurol Ther 2021. [PMID: 33558996 DOI: 10.1007/s40120-02100231-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/18/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Processing of emotional stimuli is altered in patients with depression. The present feasibility study investigated the features of emotional information recognition in people with depressive disorders and how these differ from individuals without depression to determine whether response times could potentially be used as a diagnostic marker to identify individuals at high risk of depression and as an indicator of antidepressant medication response. METHODS The study recruited 32 individuals, 16 with single or recurrent depressive episodes and 16 control subjects without depression. Patients with depression received 8 weeks of antidepressant therapy. The severity of depressive symptoms at baseline and their changes on prescribed therapy were assessed using the Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS). The processing of emotional information was assessed using the computerized Penn Emotion Recognition Task (ER-40). RESULTS The two groups were well matched in terms of age and gender. There was no difference between the groups in their ability to correctly recognize happy or sad emotional facial expressions, but the average time patients with depression took to recognize a happy face was significantly longer than controls. In addition, they were more likely to misinterpret facial expressions as non-emotional. In patients with depression, the mean MADRS total score decreased from 26.3 ± 4.4 at baseline to 11.1 ± 8.9 at 8 weeks, a reduction of 57.8%. The proportion of responders with greater than 50% reduction in their baseline MADRS total score was 64.3%. Antidepressive treatment was associated with a reduction in the mean time required for recognition of a happy face (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Patients with depression are slower to identify positive emotions but have a similar time to recognition of negative emotions as patients without depression. The greater time required for recognition of happiness distinguished the patients with depression from control subjects, and was also the only parameter that showed an improvement with antidepressant therapy, suggesting a specific relationship of this parameter with the depressive state.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Beatrisa Albertovna Volel
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
- The Mental Health Research Center, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow, Russia
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Deif R, Salama M. Depression From a Precision Mental Health Perspective: Utilizing Personalized Conceptualizations to Guide Personalized Treatments. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:650318. [PMID: 34045980 PMCID: PMC8144285 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.650318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Modern research has proven that the "typical patient" requiring standardized treatments does not exist, reflecting the need for more personalized approaches for managing individual clinical profiles rather than broad diagnoses. In this regard, precision psychiatry has emerged focusing on enhancing prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of psychiatric disorders through identifying clinical subgroups, suggesting personalized evidence-based interventions, assessing the effectiveness of different interventions, and identifying risk and protective factors for remission, relapse, and vulnerability. Literature shows that recent advances in the field of precision psychiatry are rapidly becoming more data-driven reflecting both the significance and the continuous need for translational research in mental health. Different etiologies underlying depression have been theorized and some factors have been identified including neural circuitry, biotypes, biopsychosocial markers, genetics, and metabolomics which have shown to explain individual differences in pathology and response to treatment. Although the precision approach may prove to enhance diagnosis and treatment decisions, major challenges are hindering its clinical translation. These include the clinical diversity of psychiatric disorders, the technical complexity and costs of multiomics data, and the need for specialized training in precision health for healthcare staff, besides ethical concerns such as protecting the privacy and security of patients' data and maintaining health equity. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of recent findings in the conceptualization and treatment of depression from a precision mental health perspective and to discuss potential challenges and future directions in the application of precision psychiatry for the treatment of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reem Deif
- Institute of Global Health and Human Ecology, School of Sciences and Engineering, The American University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Salama
- Institute of Global Health and Human Ecology, School of Sciences and Engineering, The American University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt
- Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
- Global Brain Health Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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Villalobos D, Pacios J, Vázquez C. Cognitive Control, Cognitive Biases and Emotion Regulation in Depression: A New Proposal for an Integrative Interplay Model. Front Psychol 2021; 12:628416. [PMID: 33995183 PMCID: PMC8119761 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.628416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Research traditions on cognition and depression focus on relatively unconnected aspects of cognitive functioning. On one hand, the neuropsychological perspective has concentrated on cognitive control difficulties as a prominent feature of this condition. On the other hand, the clinical psychology perspective has focused on cognitive biases and repetitive negative patterns of thinking (i.e., rumination) for emotional information. A review of the literature from both fields reveals that difficulties are more evident for mood-congruent materials, suggesting that cognitive control difficulties interact with cognitive biases to hinder cognitive switching, working memory updating, and inhibition of irrelevant information. Connecting research from these two traditions, we propose a novel integrative cognitive model of depression in which the interplay between mood-congruent cognitive control difficulties, cognitive biases, and rumination may ultimately lead to ineffective emotion-regulation strategies to downregulate negative mood and upregulate positive mood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dolores Villalobos
- Department of Experimental Psychology, School of Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Laboratory of Cognitive and Computational Neuroscience, Center for Biomedical Technology, Technical University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Pacios
- Department of Experimental Psychology, School of Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Laboratory of Cognitive and Computational Neuroscience, Center for Biomedical Technology, Technical University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmelo Vázquez
- Department of Clinical Psychology, School of Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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40
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Chen J, Wang Z, Li Z, Peng D, Fang Y. Disturbances of affective cognition in mood disorders. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2021; 64:938-941. [DOI: 10.1007/s11427-020-1898-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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41
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Recognition of Facial Emotion Expressions in Patients with Depressive Disorders: A Prospective, Observational Study. Neurol Ther 2021; 10:225-234. [PMID: 33558996 PMCID: PMC8140166 DOI: 10.1007/s40120-021-00231-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Processing of emotional stimuli is altered in patients with depression. The present feasibility study investigated the features of emotional information recognition in people with depressive disorders and how these differ from individuals without depression to determine whether response times could potentially be used as a diagnostic marker to identify individuals at high risk of depression and as an indicator of antidepressant medication response. Methods The study recruited 32 individuals, 16 with single or recurrent depressive episodes and 16 control subjects without depression. Patients with depression received 8 weeks of antidepressant therapy. The severity of depressive symptoms at baseline and their changes on prescribed therapy were assessed using the Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS). The processing of emotional information was assessed using the computerized Penn Emotion Recognition Task (ER-40). Results The two groups were well matched in terms of age and gender. There was no difference between the groups in their ability to correctly recognize happy or sad emotional facial expressions, but the average time patients with depression took to recognize a happy face was significantly longer than controls. In addition, they were more likely to misinterpret facial expressions as non-emotional. In patients with depression, the mean MADRS total score decreased from 26.3 ± 4.4 at baseline to 11.1 ± 8.9 at 8 weeks, a reduction of 57.8%. The proportion of responders with greater than 50% reduction in their baseline MADRS total score was 64.3%. Antidepressive treatment was associated with a reduction in the mean time required for recognition of a happy face (P < 0.05). Conclusions Patients with depression are slower to identify positive emotions but have a similar time to recognition of negative emotions as patients without depression. The greater time required for recognition of happiness distinguished the patients with depression from control subjects, and was also the only parameter that showed an improvement with antidepressant therapy, suggesting a specific relationship of this parameter with the depressive state.
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42
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Hales CA, Bartlett JM, Arban R, Hengerer B, Robinson ES. Effects of pro-depressant and immunomodulatory drugs on biases in decision-making in the rat judgement bias task. Eur J Neurosci 2021; 55:2955-2970. [PMID: 33502040 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Studies in human and non-human species suggest that decision-making behaviour can be biased by an affective state, also termed an affective bias. To study these behaviours in non-human species, judgement bias tasks (JBT) have been developed. Animals are trained to associate specific cues (tones) with a positive or negative/less positive outcome. Animals are then presented with intermediate ambiguous cues and affective biases quantified by observing whether animals make more optimistic or more pessimistic choices. Here we use a high versus low reward JBT and test whether pharmacologically distinct compounds, which induce negative biases in learning and memory, have similar effects on decision-making: tetrabenazine (0.0-1.0 mg/kg), retinoic acid (0.0-10.0 mg/kg), and rimonabant (0.0-10.0 mg/kg). We also tested immunomodulatory compounds: interferon-α (0-100 units/kg), lipopolysaccharide (0.0-10.0 μg/kg), and corticosterone (0.0-10.0 mg/kg). We observed no specific effects in the JBT with any acute treatment except corticosterone which induced a negative bias. We have previously observed a similar lack of effect with acute but not chronic psychosocial stress and so next tested decision-making behaviour following chronic interferon-alpha. Animals developed a negative bias which was sustained even after treatment was ended. These data suggest that decision-making behaviour in the task is sensitive to chronic but not acute effects of most pro-depressant drugs or immunomodulators, but the exogenous administration of acute corticosterone induces pessimistic behaviour. This work supports our hypothesis that biases in decision-making develop over a different temporal scale to those seen with learning and memory which may be relevant in the development and perpetuation of mood disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire A Hales
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Julia M Bartlett
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Roberto Arban
- CNS Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Bastian Hengerer
- CNS Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Emma S Robinson
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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Kanen JW, Arntz FE, Yellowlees R, Christmas DM, Price A, Apergis-Schoute AM, Sahakian BJ, Cardinal RN, Robbins TW. Effect of Tryptophan Depletion on Conditioned Threat Memory Expression: Role of Intolerance of Uncertainty. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY: COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2021; 6:590-598. [PMID: 33631385 PMCID: PMC8099731 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2020.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Background Responding emotionally to danger is critical for survival. Normal functioning also requires flexible alteration of emotional responses when a threat becomes safe. Aberrant threat and safety learning occur in many psychiatric disorders, including posttraumatic stress disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and schizophrenia, in which emotional responses can persist pathologically. While there is evidence that threat and safety learning can be modulated by the serotonin systems, there have been few studies in humans. We addressed a critical clinically relevant question: How does lowering serotonin affect memory retention of conditioned threat and safety memory? Methods Forty-seven healthy participants underwent conditioning to two stimuli predictive of threat on day 1. One stimulus but not the other was subsequently presented in an extinction session. Emotional responding was assessed by the skin conductance response. On day 2, we employed acute dietary tryptophan depletion to lower serotonin temporarily, in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized between-groups design. We then tested for the retention of conditioned threat and extinction memory. We also measured self-reported intolerance of uncertainty, known to modulate threat memory expression. Results The expression of emotional memory was attenuated in participants who had undergone tryptophan depletion. Individuals who were more intolerant of uncertainty showed even greater attenuation of emotion following depletion. Conclusions These results support the view that serotonin is involved in predicting aversive outcomes and refine our understanding of the role of serotonin in the persistence of emotional responsivity, with implications for individual differences in vulnerability to psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan W Kanen
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
| | - Frederique E Arntz
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Robyn Yellowlees
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Section of Eating Disorders, Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - David M Christmas
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Annabel Price
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Annemieke M Apergis-Schoute
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Neuroscience, Psychology and Behaviour, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Barbara J Sahakian
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Rudolf N Cardinal
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Trevor W Robbins
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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44
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Hu Y, Zhou M, Shao Y, Wei J, Li Z, Xu S, Maguire P, Wang D. The effects of social comparison and depressive mood on adolescent social decision-making. BMC Psychiatry 2021; 21:3. [PMID: 33402153 PMCID: PMC7786518 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-020-02928-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Based on social comparison theory, two experiments were conducted to explore the effects of depression and social comparison on adolescents, using the ultimatum game (UG). METHODS Before the formal experiment began, a preliminary experiment tested the effectiveness of social comparison settings. This study used the UG paradigm to explore adolescents' social decision-making in the context of gain and loss through two experiments. These experiments were designed as a 2 (group: depressive mood group, normal mood group) × 2 (social comparison: upward, downward) × 3 (fairness level: fair 5:5, unfair 3:7, extremely unfair 1:9) three-factor hybrid study. RESULTS (1) The fairer the proposal was, the higher the sense of fairness participants felt, and the higher their acceptance rate. (2) The acceptance rate of the participants for downward social comparison was significantly higher than that for upward social comparison, but there was no difference in fairness perception between the two social comparisons. (3) Under the context of gain, the acceptance rate of the depressive mood group was higher than that of the normal mood group, but there was no difference in the acceptance rate between the depressive mood group and the normal mood group under the loss context. Depressive mood participants had more feelings of unfairness in the contexts of both gain and loss. (4) The effects of depressive mood, social comparison and the fairness level of distribution on social decision-making interact. CONCLUSIONS The interaction of social comparison, depressive mood and proposal type demonstrates that besides one's emotion, cognitive biases and social factors can also have an effect on social decision-making. These findings indicate that behavioral decision boosting may provide an avenue for appropriate interventions in helping to guide adolescents to make social decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixin Hu
- School of Psychology, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Mengmeng Zhou
- School of Psychology, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Yunru Shao
- School of Psychology, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Jing Wei
- School of Psychology, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Zhenying Li
- School of Psychology, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Shike Xu
- Department of Statistics, University of Connecticut, Mansfield, USA
| | - Phil Maguire
- Department of Computer Science, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Dawei Wang
- School of Psychology, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
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45
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Lu T, Yang J, Zhang X, Guo Z, Li S, Yang W, Chen Y, Wu N. Crossmodal Audiovisual Emotional Integration in Depression: An Event-Related Potential Study. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:694665. [PMID: 34354614 PMCID: PMC8329241 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.694665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression is related to the defect of emotion processing, and people's emotional processing is crossmodal. This article aims to investigate whether there is a difference in audiovisual emotional integration between the depression group and the normal group using a high-resolution event-related potential (ERP) technique. We designed a visual and/or auditory detection task. The behavioral results showed that the responses to bimodal audiovisual stimuli were faster than those to unimodal auditory or visual stimuli, indicating that crossmodal integration of emotional information occurred in both the depression and normal groups. The ERP results showed that the N2 amplitude induced by sadness was significantly higher than that induced by happiness. The participants in the depression group showed larger amplitudes of N1 and P2, and the average amplitude of LPP evoked in the frontocentral lobe in the depression group was significantly lower than that in the normal group. The results indicated that there are different audiovisual emotional processing mechanisms between depressed and non-depressed college students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Lu
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jingjing Yang
- School of Artificial Intelligence, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, China
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zihan Guo
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shengnan Li
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Weiping Yang
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Nannan Wu
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
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Godlewska BR, Harmer CJ. Cognitive neuropsychological theory of antidepressant action: a modern-day approach to depression and its treatment. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2021; 238:1265-1278. [PMID: 31938879 PMCID: PMC8062380 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-019-05448-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Depression is a leading cause of disability worldwide and improving its treatment is a core research priority for future programmes. A change in the view of psychological and biological processes, from seeing them as separate to complementing one another, has introduced new perspectives on pathological mechanisms of depression and treatment mode of action. This review presents a theoretical model that incorporated this novel approach, the cognitive neuropsychological hypothesis of antidepressant action. This model proposes that antidepressant treatments decrease the negative bias in the processing of emotionally salient information early in the course of antidepressant treatment, which leads to the clinically significant mood improvement later in treatment. The paper discusses the role of negative affective biases in the development of depression and response to antidepressant treatments. It also discusses whether the model can be applied to other antidepressant interventions and its potential translational value, including treatment choice, prediction of response and drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata R Godlewska
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychopharmacology Research Unit, University Department of Psychiatry (PPRU), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychopharmacology and Emotion Research Laboratory (PERL), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
- Oxford Health Foundation Trust, University Department of Psychiatry, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, OX3 7JX, UK.
| | - Catherine J Harmer
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychopharmacology and Emotion Research Laboratory (PERL), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford Health Foundation Trust, University Department of Psychiatry, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, OX3 7JX, UK
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Serotonin differentially modulates the temporal dynamics of the limbic response to facial emotions in male adults with and without autism spectrum disorder (ASD): a randomised placebo-controlled single-dose crossover trial. Neuropsychopharmacology 2020; 45:2248-2256. [PMID: 32388538 PMCID: PMC7784897 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-020-0693-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Emotion processing-including signals from facial expressions-is often altered in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The biological basis of this is poorly understood but may include neurochemically mediated differences in the responsivity of key 'limbic' regions (including amygdala, ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) and nucleus accumbens (NAc)). Emerging evidence also suggests that ASD may be a disorder of brain temporal dynamics. Moreover, serotonin (5-HT) has been shown to be a key regulator of both facial-emotion processing and brain dynamics, and 5-HT abnormalities have been consistently implicated in ASD. To date, however, no one has examined how 5-HT influences the dynamics of facial-emotion processing in ASD. Therefore, we compared the influence of 5-HT on the responsivity of brain dynamics during facial-emotion processing in individuals with and without ASD. Participants completed a facial-emotion processing fMRI task at least 8 days apart using a randomised double-blind crossover design. At each visit they received either a single 20-mg oral dose of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) citalopram or placebo. We found that citalopram (which increases levels of 5-HT) caused sustained activation in key limbic regions during processing of negative facial emotions in adults with ASD-but not in neurotypical adults. The neurotypical adults' limbic response reverted more rapidly to baseline following a 5-HT-challenge. Our results suggest that serotonergic homoeostatic control of the temporal dynamics in limbic regions is altered in adults with ASD, and provide a fresh perspective on the biology of ASD.
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48
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Fehlmann B, Coynel D, Schicktanz N, Milnik A, Gschwind L, Hofmann P, Papassotiropoulos A, de Quervain DJF. Visual Exploration at Higher Fixation Frequency Increases Subsequent Memory Recall. Cereb Cortex Commun 2020; 1:tgaa032. [PMID: 34296105 PMCID: PMC8153053 DOI: 10.1093/texcom/tgaa032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Only a small proportion of what we see can later be recalled. Up to date it is unknown how far differences in visual exploration during encoding affect the strength of episodic memories. Here, we identified individual gaze characteristics by analyzing eye tracking data in a picture encoding task performed by 967 healthy subjects during fMRI. We found a positive correlation between fixation frequency during visual exploration and subsequent free recall performance. Brain imaging results showed a positive correlation of fixation frequency with activations in regions related to vision and memory, including the medial temporal lobe. To investigate if higher fixation frequency is causally linked to better memory, we experimentally manipulated visual exploration patterns in an independent population of 64 subjects. Doubling the number of fixations within a given exploration time increased subsequent free recall performance by 19%. Our findings provide evidence for a causal relationship between fixation frequency and episodic memory for visual information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard Fehlmann
- Division of Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, University of Basel, Basel 4055, Switzerland
- Transfaculty Research Platform, University of Basel, Basel 4055, Switzerland
| | - David Coynel
- Division of Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, University of Basel, Basel 4055, Switzerland
- Transfaculty Research Platform, University of Basel, Basel 4055, Switzerland
| | - Nathalie Schicktanz
- Division of Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, University of Basel, Basel 4055, Switzerland
- Transfaculty Research Platform, University of Basel, Basel 4055, Switzerland
| | - Annette Milnik
- Transfaculty Research Platform, University of Basel, Basel 4055, Switzerland
- Division of Molecular Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, University of Basel, Basel 4055, Switzerland
| | - Leo Gschwind
- Transfaculty Research Platform, University of Basel, Basel 4055, Switzerland
- Division of Molecular Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, University of Basel, Basel 4055, Switzerland
| | - Pascal Hofmann
- Division of Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, University of Basel, Basel 4055, Switzerland
- Division of Molecular Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, University of Basel, Basel 4055, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Papassotiropoulos
- Transfaculty Research Platform, University of Basel, Basel 4055, Switzerland
- Division of Molecular Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, University of Basel, Basel 4055, Switzerland
- Department Biozentrum, Life Sciences Training Facility, University of Basel, Basel 4056, Switzerland
- University Psychiatric Clinics, University of Basel, Basel 4002, Switzerland
| | - Dominique J-F de Quervain
- Division of Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, University of Basel, Basel 4055, Switzerland
- Transfaculty Research Platform, University of Basel, Basel 4055, Switzerland
- University Psychiatric Clinics, University of Basel, Basel 4002, Switzerland
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49
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Ideology and social cognition Are liberals and conservatives differentially affected by social cues about group inequality?. Politics Life Sci 2020; 39:9-25. [PMID: 32697054 DOI: 10.1017/pls.2019.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Research links liberal and conservative ideological orientations with variation on psychological and cognitive characteristics that are important for perceptual processes and decision-making. This study investigates whether this variation can impact the social behaviors of liberals and conservatives. A sample of subjects (n = 1,245) participated in a modified public goods game in which an intragroup inequality was introduced to observe the effect on individuals' tendency toward self-interested versus prosocial behavior. Overall, the contributions of neither liberal- nor conservative-oriented individuals were affected by conditions of a general intragroup inequality. However, in response to the knowledge that group members voted to redress the inequality, levels of contribution among liberals significantly increased in comparison to the control. This was not true for conservatives. The results provide evidence that differences in ideological orientation are associated with individual differences in social cognition.
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50
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Hjordt LV, Ozenne B, Armand S, Dam VH, Jensen CG, Köhler-Forsberg K, Knudsen GM, Stenbæk DS. Psychometric Properties of the Verbal Affective Memory Test-26 and Evaluation of Affective Biases in Major Depressive Disorder. Front Psychol 2020; 11:961. [PMID: 32581907 PMCID: PMC7289973 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
We developed the Verbal Affective Memory Test-26 (VAMT-26), a computerized test to assess verbal memory, as an improvement of the Verbal Affective Memory Test-24 (VAMT-24). Here, we psychometrically evaluate the VAMT-26 in 182 healthy controls, examine 1-month test–retest stability in 48 healthy controls, and examine whether 87 antidepressant-free patients diagnosed with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) tested with VAMT-26 differed in affective memory biases from 335 healthy controls tested with VAMT24/26. We also examine whether affective memory biases are associated with depressive symptoms across the patients and healthy controls. VAMT-26 showed good psychometric properties. Age, sex, and IQ, but not education, influenced VAMT-26 scores. VAMT-26 scores converged satisfactorily with scores on a test associated with non-affective verbal memory. Test–retest analyses showed a learning effect and a r ≥ 0.0.8, corresponding to a typical variation of 10% in recalled words from first to second test. Patients tended to remember more negative words relative to positive words compared to healthy controls at borderline significance (p = 0.06), and affective memory biases were negatively associated with depressive symptoms across the two groups at borderline significance (p = 0.07), however, the effect sizes were small. Future studies are needed to address whether VAMT-26 can be used to distinguish between depression subtypes in patients with MDD. As a verbal memory test, VAMT-26 is a well validated neuropsychological test and we recommend it to be used in Danish and international studies on affective memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liv V Hjordt
- Neurobiology Research Unit and Center for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Brice Ozenne
- Neurobiology Research Unit and Center for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Public Health, Section of Biostatistics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sophia Armand
- Neurobiology Research Unit and Center for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Vibeke H Dam
- Neurobiology Research Unit and Center for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian G Jensen
- Centre for Mental Health Promotion, Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kristin Köhler-Forsberg
- Neurobiology Research Unit and Center for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Psychiatric Center Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gitte M Knudsen
- Neurobiology Research Unit and Center for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Dea S Stenbæk
- Neurobiology Research Unit and Center for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
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