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Zhang Y, Gu W, Chen W, Zhu J, Fan L, Zhang L, Zhao L, Miao Q. A Dual-Targeted Molecule for Disease-Activatable Proteolysis Targeting Chimeras and Targeted Radionuclide Therapy of Cancer. J Am Chem Soc 2025; 147:7897-7907. [PMID: 39989465 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c18398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2025]
Abstract
Proteolysis targeting chimeras (PROTACs) represent a cutting-edge approach for targeted protein degradation in cancer therapy, yet they face challenges such as poor pharmacokinetics and specificity issues, leading to undesirable off-target effects and limited antitumor potency. To address these issues, we introduce dual-targeted unimolecular theranostic probes (e.g., radioactive 177Lu-P-A and its cold counterpart natLu-P-A) for disease-activatable PROTACs in combination with targeted radionuclide therapy (TRT) against prostate cancer with high specificity and effectiveness. The probes achieve a cathepsin B (CTSB)-activatable pro-PROTAC moiety for precise degradation of bromodomain-containing protein 4 (BRD4) and a prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-targeted 177Lu-based TRT. Owing to the favorable pharmacokinetics and PSMA-mediated excellent targeting efficiency, the probe possesses high tumor imaging specificity and accumulation capacity of therapeutic units for highly effective PROTACs and TRT. In contrast, the free PROTACs unit (e.g., ARV-771) shows no observable therapeutic effect due to its poor targeting ability. Importantly, the BRD4 proteolysis by PROTAC activation can downregulate radiosensitivity-associated RAD51AP1 expression, synergistically enhancing the TRT effect and promoting apoptosis after combined therapy compared to individual treatment regimes. Additionally, the probe demonstrates high renal clearance, underscoring its biosafety for potential clinical translation. This study presents a potential approach for precise PROTACs combined with TRT for effective tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhang
- School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Wei Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Wan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Jieli Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Longfei Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Liwen Zhang
- School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Liangyou Zhao
- School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Qingqing Miao
- School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
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Chen Z, Wu J, Han J, Wang Y, Ni L. UCST-Type Soluble Immobilized Cellulase: A New Strategy for the Efficient Degradation and Improved Recycling Performance of Wastepaper Cellulose. Molecules 2024; 29:1039. [PMID: 38474553 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29051039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
This paper reports an innovative study that aims to address key issues in the efficient recycling of wastepaper cellulose. The research team utilized the temperature-responsive upper critical solution temperature (UCST) polymer P(NAGA-b-DMA) in combination with the LytA label's affinity for choline analogs. This innovative approach enabled them to successfully develop a novel soluble immobilized enzyme, P(NAGA-b-DMA)-cellulase. This new enzyme has proven highly effective, significantly enhancing the degradation of wastepaper cellulose while demonstrating exceptional stability. Compared with the traditional insoluble immobilized cellulase, the enzyme showed a significant improvement in the pH, temperature stability, recycling ability, and storage stability. A kinetic parameter calculation showed that the enzymatic effectiveness of the soluble immobilized enzyme was much better than that of the traditional insoluble immobilized cellulase. After the immobilization reaction, the Michaelis constant of the immobilized enzyme was only increased by 11.5%. In the actual wastepaper degradation experiment, the immobilized enzyme was effectively used, and it was found that the degradation efficiency of wastepaper cellulose reached 80% of that observed in laboratory conditions. This novel, thermosensitive soluble immobilized cellulase can efficiently catalyze the conversion of wastepaper cellulose into glucose under suitable conditions, so as to further ferment into environmentally friendly biofuel ethanol, which provides a solution to solve the shortage of raw materials and environmental protection problems in the paper products industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaohui Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Jiacong Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Juan Han
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Yun Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Liang Ni
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
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3
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Lim H, Kim M, Kim Y, Choo S, Kim TE, Han J, Han BJ, Lim CS, Nam J. Continuous On-Chip Cell Washing Using Viscoelastic Microfluidics. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:1658. [PMID: 37763821 PMCID: PMC10535438 DOI: 10.3390/mi14091658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Medium exchange of particles/cells to a clean buffer with a low background is essential for biological, chemical, and clinical research, which has been conventionally conducted using centrifugation. However, owing to critical limitations, such as possible cell loss and physical stimulation of cells, microfluidic techniques have been adopted for medium exchange. This study demonstrates a continuous on-chip washing process in a co-flow system using viscoelastic and Newtonian fluids. The co-flow system was constructed by adding a small amount of biocompatible polymer (xanthan gum, XG) to a sample containing particles or cells and introducing Newtonian fluids as sheath flows. Polymer concentration-dependent and particle size-dependent lateral migration of particles in the co-flow system were examined, and then the optimal concentration and the critical particle size for medium exchange were determined at the fixed total flow rate of 100 μL/min. For clinical applications, the continuous on-chip washing of white blood cells (WBCs) in lysed blood samples was demonstrated, and the washing performance was evaluated using a scanning spectrophotometer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunjung Lim
- Interdisciplinary Program in Precision Public Health (PPH), Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea;
| | - Minji Kim
- Department of AI Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Incheon Jaeneung University, Incheon 22573, Republic of Korea;
| | - Yeongmu Kim
- Artificial Intelligence (AI)-Bio Research Center, Incheon Jaeneung University, Incheon 21987, Republic of Korea
| | - Seunghee Choo
- College of Life Sciences and Bio Engineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Eun Kim
- Artificial Intelligence (AI)-Bio Research Center, Incheon Jaeneung University, Incheon 21987, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaesung Han
- Department of Mechanical and Control Technologies, Seoul Cyber University, Seoul 01133, Republic of Korea
| | - Byoung Joe Han
- Department of Digital Biotech, Incheon Jaeneung University, Incheon 22573, Republic of Korea
| | - Chae Seung Lim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 08307, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeonghun Nam
- Artificial Intelligence (AI)-Bio Research Center, Incheon Jaeneung University, Incheon 21987, Republic of Korea
- Department of Digital Biotech, Incheon Jaeneung University, Incheon 22573, Republic of Korea
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4
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Farkas V, Ferentzi K, Horváti K, Perczel A. Cost-Effective Flow Peptide Synthesis: Metamorphosis of HPLC. Org Process Res Dev 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.0c00178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Viktor Farkas
- MTA-ELTE Protein Modeling Research Group, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter s. 1/a, Budapest H-1117, Hungary
| | - Kristóf Ferentzi
- ELTE Hevesy György PhD School of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter s. 1/a, Budapest H-1117, Hungary
| | - Kata Horváti
- MTA-ELTE Research Group of Peptide Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter s. 1/a, Budapest H-1117, Hungary
| | - András Perczel
- MTA-ELTE Protein Modeling Research Group, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter s. 1/a, Budapest H-1117, Hungary
- Laboratory of Structural Chemistry and Biology, Institute of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter s. 1/a, Budapest H-1117, Hungary
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5
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Samarasimhareddy M, Mayer D, Metanis N, Veprintsev D, Hurevich M, Friedler A. A targeted approach for the synthesis of multi-phosphorylated peptides: a tool for studying the role of phosphorylation patterns in proteins. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:9284-9290. [PMID: 31497840 DOI: 10.1039/c9ob01874c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Protein phosphorylation barcodes, clusters of several phosphorylation sites within a short unfolded region, control many cellular processes. Existing biochemical methods used to study the roles of these barcodes suffer from low selectivity and provide only qualitative data. Chemically synthesized multiphosphopeptide libraries are selective and specific, but their synthesis is extremely difficult using the current peptide synthesis methods. Here we describe a new microwave assisted approach for synthesizing a library of multiphosphopeptides, using the C-terminus of rhodopsin as a proof of concept. Our approach utilizes multiple protocols for synthesizing libraries of multiphosphopeptides instead of the inefficient single protocol methods currently used. Using our approach we demonstrated the synthesis with up to seven phosphorylated amino acids, sometimes next to each other, an accomplishment that was impractical before. Synthesizing the Rhodopsin derived multiphosphopeptide library enabled dissecting the precise phosphorylation barcode required for the recruitment, activation and modulation of the conformation of Arrestin. Since phosphorylation barcodes modulate the activity of hundreds of GPCRs, synthesizing libraries of multiphosphopeptides is the method of choice for studying their molecular mechanisms of action. Our approach provides an invaluable tool for evaluating how protein phosphorylation barcodes regulate their activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamidi Samarasimhareddy
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Safra Campus, Givat Ram, Jerusalem 91904, Israel.
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7
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Shelton PMM, Weller CE, Chatterjee C. A Facile N-Mercaptoethoxyglycinamide (MEGA) Linker Approach to Peptide Thioesterification and Cyclization. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:3946-3949. [PMID: 28230996 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b13271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The C-terminal electrophilic activation of peptides by α-thioesterification requires strongly acidic conditions or complex chemical manipulations, which ultimately limit functional group compatibility and broad utility. Herein, we report a readily accessible N-mercaptoethoxyglycinamide (MEGA) solid-phase linker for the facile synthesis of latent peptide α-thioesters. Incubating peptide-MEGA sequences with 2-mercaptoethanesulfonic acid at mildly acidic pH yielded α-thioesters that were directly used in NCL without purification. The MEGA linker yielded robust access to thioesters ranging in length from 4 to 35 amino acids, and greatly simplified the synthesis of cyclic peptides. Finally, the high utility of MEGA was demonstrated by the one-pot synthesis of a functional analog of the Sunflower Trypsin Inhibitor 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick M M Shelton
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Caroline E Weller
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Champak Chatterjee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
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8
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Qvit N, Kornfeld OS. Development of a Backbone Cyclic Peptide Library as Potential Antiparasitic Therapeutics Using Microwave Irradiation. J Vis Exp 2016:e53589. [PMID: 26863382 DOI: 10.3791/53589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein-protein interactions (PPIs) are intimately involved in almost all biological processes and are linked to many human diseases. Therefore, there is a major effort to target PPIs in basic research and in the pharmaceutical industry. Protein-protein interfaces are usually large, flat, and often lack pockets, complicating the discovery of small molecules that target such sites. Alternative targeting approaches using antibodies have limitations due to poor oral bioavailability, low cell-permeability, and production inefficiency. Using peptides to target PPI interfaces has several advantages. Peptides have higher conformational flexibility, increased selectivity, and are generally inexpensive. However, peptides have their own limitations including poor stability and inefficiency crossing cell membranes. To overcome such limitations, peptide cyclization can be performed. Cyclization has been demonstrated to improve peptide selectivity, metabolic stability, and bioavailability. However, predicting the bioactive conformation of a cyclic peptide is not trivial. To overcome this challenge, one attractive approach it to screen a focused library to screen in which all backbone cyclic peptides have the same primary sequence, but differ in parameters that influence their conformation, such as ring size and position. We describe a detailed protocol for synthesizing a library of backbone cyclic peptides targeting specific parasite PPIs. Using a rational design approach, we developed peptides derived from the scaffold protein Leishmania receptor for activated C-kinase (LACK). We hypothesized that sequences in LACK that are conserved in parasites, but not in the mammalian host homolog, may represent interaction sites for proteins that are critical for the parasites' viability. The cyclic peptides were synthesized using microwave irradiation to reduce reaction times and increase efficiency. Developing a library of backbone cyclic peptides with different ring sizes facilitates a systematic screen for the most biological active conformation. This method provides a general, fast, and facile way to synthesize cyclic peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nir Qvit
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine;
| | - Opher S Kornfeld
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine
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9
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Murakami M, Kiuchi T, Nishihara M, Tezuka K, Okamoto R, Izumi M, Kajihara Y. Chemical synthesis of erythropoietin glycoforms for insights into the relationship between glycosylation pattern and bioactivity. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2016; 2:e1500678. [PMID: 26824070 PMCID: PMC4730857 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1500678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 11/06/2015] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The role of sialyloligosaccharides on the surface of secreted glycoproteins is still unclear because of the difficulty in the preparation of sialylglycoproteins in a homogeneous form. We selected erythropoietin (EPO) as a target molecule and designed an efficient synthetic strategy for the chemical synthesis of a homogeneous form of five EPO glycoforms varying in glycosylation position and the number of human-type biantennary sialyloligosaccharides. A segment coupling strategy performed by native chemical ligation using six peptide segments including glycopeptides yielded homogeneous EPO glycopeptides, and folding experiments of these glycopeptides afforded the correctly folded EPO glycoforms. In an in vivo erythropoiesis assay in mice, all of the EPO glycoforms displayed biological activity, in particular the EPO bearing three sialyloligosaccharides, which exhibited the highest activity. Furthermore, we observed that the hydrophilicity and biological activity of the EPO glycoforms varied depending on the glycosylation pattern. This knowledge will pave the way for the development of homogeneous biologics by chemical synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masumi Murakami
- Department of Chemistry, Osaka University, 1-1, Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 5460-0043, Japan
| | - Tatsuto Kiuchi
- Department of Chemistry, Osaka University, 1-1, Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 5460-0043, Japan
| | - Mika Nishihara
- Glytech Inc., 134, Chudoji, Minamimachi KRP#1-109, Shimogyo-ku, Kyoto 600-8813, Japan
| | - Katsunari Tezuka
- Glytech Inc., 134, Chudoji, Minamimachi KRP#1-109, Shimogyo-ku, Kyoto 600-8813, Japan
| | - Ryo Okamoto
- Department of Chemistry, Osaka University, 1-1, Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 5460-0043, Japan
| | - Masayuki Izumi
- Department of Chemistry, Osaka University, 1-1, Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 5460-0043, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kajihara
- Department of Chemistry, Osaka University, 1-1, Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 5460-0043, Japan
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10
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Mei B, Miao Q, Tang A, Liang G. Enzyme-instructed self-assembly of taxol promotes axonal branching. NANOSCALE 2015; 7:15605-15608. [PMID: 26359218 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr04563k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Axonal branching is important for vertebrate neuron signaling. Taxol has a biphasic effect on axonal branching (i.e., high concentration inhibits axonal growth but low concentration restores it). To the best of our knowledge, low concentration of taxol to promote axonal branching has not been reported yet. Herein, we rationally designed a taxol derivative Fmoc-Phe-Phe-Lys(taxol)-Tyr(H2PO4)-OH (1) which could be subjected to alkaline phosphatase (ALP)-catalyzed self-assembly to form taxol nanofibers. We found that, at 10 μM, 1 has a microtubule (MT) condensation effect similar to that of taxol on mammalian cells but with more chronic toxicity than taxol on the cells. At a low concentration of 10 nM, 1 not only promoted neurite elongation as taxol did but also promoted axonal branching which was not achieved by using taxol. We propose that self-assembly of 1 along the MTs prohibited their lateral contacts and thus promoted axonal branching. Our strategy of enzyme-instructed self-assembly (EISA) of a taxol derivative provides a new tool for scientists to study the morphology of neurons, as well as their behaviours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Mei
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China.
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11
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Chen M, Heimer P, Imhof D. Synthetic strategies for polypeptides and proteins by chemical ligation. Amino Acids 2015; 47:1283-99. [DOI: 10.1007/s00726-015-1982-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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12
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Gao M, London N, Cheng K, Tamura R, Jin J, Schueler-Furman O, Yin H. Rationally Designed Macrocyclic Peptides as Synergistic Agonists of LPS-Induced Inflammatory Response. Tetrahedron 2014; 70:7664-7668. [PMID: 25400297 DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2014.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) plays an important role in the regulation of the innate and adaptive immune response. Both agonists and antagonists of TLR4 are of considerable interest as drug leads for various disease indications. We herein report the rational design of two myeloid differentiation factor 2 (MD2)-derived macrocyclic peptides as TLR4 modulators, using the Rosetta Macromolecular Modeling software. The designed cyclic peptides, but not their linear counterparts, displayed synergistic activation of TLR signaling when co-administered with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Although the understanding of the mechanism of action of these peptides remains elusive; these results underscore the utility of peptide cyclization for the discovery of biologically active agents, and also lead to valuable tools for the investigation of TLR4 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Gao
- Center of Basic Molecular Science and Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China, 100082
| | - Nir London
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, Hadassah Medical School, The Hebrew University, POB 12272, Jerusalem, 91120 Israel
| | - Kui Cheng
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, the BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0596, USA
| | - Ryo Tamura
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, the BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0596, USA
| | - Jialin Jin
- Center of Basic Molecular Science and Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China, 100082
| | - Ora Schueler-Furman
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, Hadassah Medical School, The Hebrew University, POB 12272, Jerusalem, 91120 Israel
| | - Hang Yin
- Center of Basic Molecular Science and Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China, 100082.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, the BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0596, USA
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13
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Qvit N. Microwave-assisted synthesis of cyclic phosphopeptide on solid support. Chem Biol Drug Des 2014; 85:300-5. [PMID: 25042903 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.12388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Revised: 05/03/2014] [Accepted: 06/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Phosphopeptides are important tools for studying intracellular signal transduction events in vitro and in vivo and are also potential drugs due to their direct competition with phosphoprotein recognition elements. Cyclization has been demonstrated to improve peptide selectivity, metabolic stability, and bioavailability. However, cyclic phosphopeptide synthesis may not be straightforward due to the sterically hindered phosphorylated side-chain amino acid derivatives. One option to overcome this hurdle is to use microwave-assisted synthesis, which has been shown to increase efficiency and reduce synthesis time. Herein, a detailed protocol is provided for synthesizing cyclic phosphopeptides using automated microwave. The overall synthesis duration was reduced and yields increased compared with a manual conventional method. This method provides a general, fast and facile way to synthesize cyclic peptides, demonstrating the synthesis of cyclic phosphorylated peptides which are known to be among the most challenging to produce.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nir Qvit
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305-5174, USA
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14
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Wang W, Qian J, Tang A, An L, Zhong K, Liang G. Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging to Study Enzymatic Hydrogelation. Anal Chem 2014; 86:5955-61. [DOI: 10.1021/ac500967x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Weijuan Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Chemistry & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Junchao Qian
- High
Magnetic Field Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China
| | - Anming Tang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Chemistry & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Linna An
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Chemistry & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Kai Zhong
- High
Magnetic Field Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China
| | - Gaolin Liang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Chemistry & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
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15
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Simon MD, Heider PL, Adamo A, Vinogradov AA, Mong SK, Li X, Berger T, Policarpo RL, Zhang C, Zou Y, Liao X, Spokoyny AM, Jensen KF, Pentelute BL. Rapid flow-based peptide synthesis. Chembiochem 2014; 15:713-20. [PMID: 24616230 PMCID: PMC4045704 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201300796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
A flow-based solid-phase peptide synthesis methodology that enables the incorporation of an amino acid residue every 1.8 min under automatic control or every 3 min under manual control is described. This is accomplished by passing a stream of reagent through a heat exchanger into a low volume, low backpressure reaction vessel, and through a UV detector. These features enable continuous delivery of heated solvents and reagents to the solid support at high flow rate, thereby maintaining maximal concentration of reagents in the reaction vessel, quickly exchanging reagents, and eliminating the need to rapidly heat reagents after they have been added to the vessel. The UV detector enables continuous monitoring of the process. To demonstrate the broad applicability and reliability of this method, it was employed in the total synthesis of a small protein, as well as dozens of peptides. The quality of the material obtained with this method is comparable to that for traditional batch methods, and, in all cases, the desired material was readily purifiable by RP-HPLC. The application of this method to the synthesis of the 113-residue Bacillus amyloliquefaciens RNase and the 130-residue DARPin pE59 is described in the accompanying manuscript.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark D. Simon
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
| | - Patrick L. Heider
- Department of Chemical Engeneering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
| | - Andrea Adamo
- Department of Chemical Engeneering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
| | - Alexander A. Vinogradov
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
| | - Surin K. Mong
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
| | - Xiyuan Li
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
| | - Tatiana Berger
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
| | - Rocco L. Policarpo
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
| | - Chi Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
| | - Yekui Zou
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
| | - Xiaoli Liao
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
| | - Alexander M. Spokoyny
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
| | - Klavs F. Jensen
- Department of Chemical Engeneering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
| | - Bradley L. Pentelute
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
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Malik L, Jensen KJ. Microwave-assisted solid-phase peptide synthesis using the biotage Syro Wave™. Methods Mol Biol 2013; 1047:225-234. [PMID: 23943490 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-62703-544-6_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Fast and precise heating by microwave irradiation during solid-phase peptide synthesis (SPPS) can reduce reaction times as well as provide better purities and greater yields for the synthesis of difficult peptides. Microwave- assisted SPPS has proven to be a useful and reliable tool for the synthesis of peptides as well as small proteins. It is particularly well suited for sequences with a high propensity to form β-sheet-type structures and for sterically difficult couplings. In this protocol, conditions and detailed procedures are described for performing microwave-assisted SPPS using the Syro Wave™. Here we describe the synthesis of two difficult peptide sequences: the first is derived from the C-terminus of the MuLV CTL epitope, the second is a de novo designed peptide with a C-terminal alkyne.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Malik
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
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17
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Mahindra A, Nooney K, Uraon S, Sharma KK, Jain R. Microwave-assisted solution phase peptide synthesis in neat water. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra43040e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Deverakonda M, Mailavaram RP, Deb PK, Banda N, Vedula GS. Rapid and Efficient, Microwave-Assisted, Base-Catalyzed Synthesis of Some Novel 2,7-Disubstituted Pyrrolopyrimidinones. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2011.576324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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20
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Use of Proteomics and Peptidomics Methods in Food Bioactive Peptide Science and Engineering. FOOD ENGINEERING REVIEWS 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s12393-012-9058-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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21
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Gossett DR, Tse HTK, Dudani JS, Goda K, Woods TA, Graves SW, Di Carlo D. Inertial manipulation and transfer of microparticles across laminar fluid streams. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2012; 8:2757-64. [PMID: 22761059 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201200588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2012] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
A general strategy for controlling particle movement across streams would enable new capabilities in single-cell analysis, solid-phase reaction control, and biophysics research. Transferring cells across streams is difficult to achieve in a well-controlled manner, since it requires precise control of fluid flow along with external force fields or precisely manufactured mechanical structures. Herein a strategy is introduced for particle transfer based on passive inertial lift forces and shifts in the distribution of these forces for channels with shifting aspect ratios. Uniquely, use of the dominant wall-effect lift parallel to the particle rotation direction is explored and utilized to achieve controllable cross-stream motion. In this way, particles are positioned to migrate across laminar streams and enter a new solution without significant disturbance of the interface at rates exceeding 1000 particles per second and sub-millisecond transfer times. The capabilities of rapid inertial solution exchange (RInSE) for preparation of hematological samples and other cellular assays are demonstrated. Lastly, improvements to inline flow cytometry after RInSE of excess fluorescent dye and focusing for downstream analysis are characterized. The described approach is simply applied to manipulating cells and particles and quickly exposing them to or removing them from a reacting solution, with broader applications in control and analysis of low affinity interactions on cells or particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel R Gossett
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, 90095-1600, USA
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Elsawy MA, Hewage C, Walker B. Racemisation of N
-Fmoc phenylglycine under mild microwave-SPPS and conventional stepwise SPPS conditions: attempts to develop strategies for overcoming this. J Pept Sci 2012; 18:302-11. [DOI: 10.1002/psc.2398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2011] [Revised: 12/07/2011] [Accepted: 01/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Chandralal Hewage
- Biochemistry Department, Conway Institute; University College of Dublin; Dublin Ireland
| | - Brian Walker
- School of Pharmacy; Queen's University of Belfast; BT9 7BL UK
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Pedersen SL, Tofteng AP, Malik L, Jensen KJ. Microwave heating in solid-phase peptide synthesis. Chem Soc Rev 2012; 41:1826-44. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cs15214a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 214] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Murray JK, Aral J, Miranda LP. Solid-phase peptide synthesis using microwave irradiation. Methods Mol Biol 2011; 716:73-88. [PMID: 21318901 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-61779-012-6_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
Since the advent of solid-phase peptide synthesis (SPPS) in the late 1950s, numerous advancements in the underlying chemistry (i.e., orthogonal protection strategy, coupling reagents, and solid support matrices) have greatly improved the efficiency of the technique. More recently, application of microwave radiation to SPPS has been found to reduce reaction time and/or increase the initial purity of synthetic peptide products. In this protocol, conditions are described to accomplish rapid peptide coupling and 9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl (Fmoc) removal reactions under temperature-controlled conditions in either a manual or automated synthesis format using a microwave reactor. These microwave-assisted peptide synthesis procedures have been used to rapidly prepare a "difficult" peptide sequence from the acyl carrier protein, ACP(65-74), in less than 3 h and the reduced, linear precursor to human hepcidin, in high initial purity.
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Freeman NS, Tal-Gan Y, Klein S, Levitzki A, Gilon C. Microwave-Assisted Solid-Phase Aza-peptide Synthesis: Aza Scan of a PKB/Akt Inhibitor Using Aza-arginine and Aza-proline Precursors. J Org Chem 2011; 76:3078-85. [DOI: 10.1021/jo102422x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Noam S. Freeman
- Institute of Chemistry, and ‡Unit of Cellular Signaling, Department of Biological Chemistry, The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 91904 Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yftah Tal-Gan
- Institute of Chemistry, and ‡Unit of Cellular Signaling, Department of Biological Chemistry, The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 91904 Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Shoshana Klein
- Institute of Chemistry, and ‡Unit of Cellular Signaling, Department of Biological Chemistry, The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 91904 Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Alexander Levitzki
- Institute of Chemistry, and ‡Unit of Cellular Signaling, Department of Biological Chemistry, The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 91904 Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Chaim Gilon
- Institute of Chemistry, and ‡Unit of Cellular Signaling, Department of Biological Chemistry, The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 91904 Jerusalem, Israel
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Go JG, Danan-Leon LM, Hoch JA, Kassa A, Srivastava I, Davis D, Gervay-Hague J. Synthesis of a trimeric gp120 epitope mimic conjugated to a T-helper peptide to improve antigenicity. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:3230-3. [PMID: 21341746 PMCID: PMC3062786 DOI: 10.1021/ja1083915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
A fully synthetic trivalent mimotope of gp120 conjugated to pan allelic HLA DR binding epitope was prepared using solid-phase peptide synthesis and optimized copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition. The methodology efficiently provides chemically uniform heteromultimeric peptide constructs with enhanced binding, avidity, and specificity toward an established HIV-neutralizing human antibody, MAb b12. The versatile synthetic strategy serves as a powerful platform for the development of synthetic peptides as potential HIV-1 vaccine candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jessica A. Hoch
- Chemistry Department, University of California at Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616 USA, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Campus Mass Spectrometry Facility, University of California at Davis, 9 Hutchison Hall, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, and Department of Virology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rjiswijk, The Netherlands. Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics, Inc., 45 Sidney Street, 3105, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | | | - Indresh Srivastava
- Chemistry Department, University of California at Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616 USA, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Campus Mass Spectrometry Facility, University of California at Davis, 9 Hutchison Hall, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, and Department of Virology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rjiswijk, The Netherlands. Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics, Inc., 45 Sidney Street, 3105, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | | | - Jacquelyn Gervay-Hague
- Chemistry Department, University of California at Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616 USA, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Campus Mass Spectrometry Facility, University of California at Davis, 9 Hutchison Hall, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, and Department of Virology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rjiswijk, The Netherlands. Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics, Inc., 45 Sidney Street, 3105, Cambridge, MA 02139
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Malik L, Tofteng AP, Pedersen SL, Sørensen KK, Jensen KJ. Automated ‘X-Y’ robot for peptide synthesis with microwave heating: application to difficult peptide sequences and protein domains. J Pept Sci 2010; 16:506-12. [DOI: 10.1002/psc.1269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Bacsa B, Bosze S, Kappe CO. Direct solid-phase synthesis of the beta-amyloid (1-42) peptide using controlled microwave heating. J Org Chem 2010; 75:2103-6. [PMID: 20180552 DOI: 10.1021/jo100136r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Standard linear Fmoc/t-Bu solid-phase synthesis of the 42-mer beta-amyloid (1-42) peptide was achieved under controlled microwave conditions at 86 degrees C using inexpensive DIC/HOBt as coupling reagent on ChemMatrix resin. In order to avoid racemization of the sensitive amino acids, the coupling of the three His residues in the difficult peptide sequence was performed at room temperature. The desired peptide was obtained within 15 h overall processing time in high yield and purity (78% crude yield).
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernadett Bacsa
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Microwave Chemistry and Institute of Chemistry, Karl-Franzens-University Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28, A-8010 Graz, Austria
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30
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Pedersen SL, Sørensen KK, Jensen KJ. Semi-automated microwave-assisted SPPS: Optimization of protocols and synthesis of difficult sequences. Biopolymers 2010; 94:206-12. [PMID: 20225294 DOI: 10.1002/bip.21347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Precise microwave heating has emerged as a valuable addition to solid-phase peptide synthesis. New methods and protocols are required to utilize this potential and make it a reliable technique. Here, we describe a new semi-automated instrument for solid-phase peptide synthesis with microwave heating and report protocols for its reliable use. The instrument features a flow-through reaction vessel that is placed in the microwave instrument throughout the synthesis. Bubbling with N(2) gas during the microwave irradiation proved important for temperature control. Washing and Fmoc removal steps were automated, while activated Fmoc-amino acids were added manually. Several linkers and resins were evaluated and protocols for synthesis of difficult sequences were developed. These included on-resin reductive amination of BAL handles under microwave heating. We believe that the instrument, as well as the protocols for its use, will be useful tools for peptide chemists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Søren L Pedersen
- Faculty of Life Sciences, IGM, Section for Bioorganic Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
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31
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Synthesis of alkyl- and aryl-amino-substituted anthraquinone derivatives by microwave-assisted copper(0)-catalyzed Ullmann coupling reactions. Nat Protoc 2010; 5:945-53. [DOI: 10.1038/nprot.2010.63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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32
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Rodríguez H, Suarez M, Albericio F. A convenient microwave-enhanced solid-phase synthesis of short chain N
-methyl-rich peptides. J Pept Sci 2010; 16:136-40. [DOI: 10.1002/psc.1209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Banerjee J, Hanson AJ, Muhonen WW, Shabb JB, Mallik S. Microwave-assisted synthesis of triple-helical, collagen-mimetic lipopeptides. Nat Protoc 2009; 5:39-50. [PMID: 20057380 DOI: 10.1038/nprot.2009.195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Collagen-mimetic peptides and lipopeptides are widely used as substrates for matrix degrading enzymes, as new biomaterials for tissue engineering, as drug delivery systems and so on. However, the preparation and subsequent purification of these peptides and their fatty-acid conjugates are really challenging. Herein, we report a rapid microwave-assisted, solid-phase synthetic protocol to prepare the fatty-acid conjugated, triple-helical peptides containing the cleavage site for the enzyme matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9). We employed a PEG-based resin as the solid support and the amino acids were protected with Fmoc- and tert-butyl groups. The amino acids were coupled at 50 degrees C (25 W of microwave power) for 5 min. The deprotection reactions were carried out at 75 degrees C (35 W of microwave power) for 3 min. Using this protocol, a peptide containing 23 amino acids was synthesized and then conjugated to stearic acid in 14 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayati Banerjee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota, USA
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Slivka PF, Shridhar M, Lee GI, Sammond DW, Hutchinson MR, Martinko AJ, Buchanan MM, Sholar PW, Kearney JJ, Harrison JA, Watkins LR, Yin H. A peptide antagonist of the TLR4-MD2 interaction. Chembiochem 2009; 10:645-9. [PMID: 19184989 PMCID: PMC2982775 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.200800769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2008] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Toll-like receptors are an integral part of innate immunity in the central nervous system (CNS); they orchestrate a robust defense in response to both exogenous and endogenous danger signals. Recently, toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) has emerged as a therapeutic target for the treatment of CNS-related diseases such as sepsis and chronic pain. We herein report a chemical biology approach by using a rationally designed peptide inhibitor to disrupt the TLR4-MD2 association, thereby blocking TLR4 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter F. Slivka
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry 215 UCB, University of Colorado Boulder, CO 80309-0215 (USA)
| | - Mitesh Shridhar
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry 215 UCB, University of Colorado Boulder, CO 80309-0215 (USA)
| | - Gui-in Lee
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University Abington, PA 19001 (USA)
| | - Deanne W. Sammond
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry 215 UCB, University of Colorado Boulder, CO 80309-0215 (USA)
| | - Mark R. Hutchinson
- Department of Psychology, 345 UCB, University of Colorado Boulder, CO 80309-0215 (USA)
| | - Alexander J. Martinko
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry 215 UCB, University of Colorado Boulder, CO 80309-0215 (USA)
| | - Madison M. Buchanan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry 215 UCB, University of Colorado Boulder, CO 80309-0215 (USA)
| | - Page W. Sholar
- Department of Psychology, 345 UCB, University of Colorado Boulder, CO 80309-0215 (USA)
| | - Jeffrey J. Kearney
- Department of Psychology, 345 UCB, University of Colorado Boulder, CO 80309-0215 (USA)
| | | | - Linda R. Watkins
- Department of Psychology, 345 UCB, University of Colorado Boulder, CO 80309-0215 (USA)
| | - Hang Yin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry 215 UCB, University of Colorado Boulder, CO 80309-0215 (USA)
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Banerjee A, Sergienko E, Vasile S, Gupta V, Vuori K, Wipf P. Triple hybrids of steroids, spiroketals, and oligopeptides as new biomolecular chimeras. Org Lett 2009; 11:65-8. [PMID: 19067551 PMCID: PMC4257705 DOI: 10.1021/ol802247m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
An oxidative enol ether rearrangement was the key methodology in the construction of steroid-spiroketal-RGD peptides. Biological studies demonstrated potent integrin CD11b/CD18 antagonistic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhisek Banerjee
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Chemical Methodologies & Library Development, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260
| | - Eduard Sergienko
- Burnham Center for Chemical Genomics, Burnham Institute for Medical Research, 10901 North Torrey Pines Rd., La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Stefan Vasile
- Burnham Center for Chemical Genomics, Burnham Institute for Medical Research, 10901 North Torrey Pines Rd., La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Vineet Gupta
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Miami, 1600 NW 10 Avenue, Miami, Florida 33136
| | - Kristiina Vuori
- Burnham Center for Chemical Genomics, Burnham Institute for Medical Research, 10901 North Torrey Pines Rd., La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Peter Wipf
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Chemical Methodologies & Library Development, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260
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Bacsa B, Horváti K, Bõsze S, Andreae F, Kappe CO. Solid-Phase Synthesis of Difficult Peptide Sequences at Elevated Temperatures: A Critical Comparison of Microwave and Conventional Heating Technologies. J Org Chem 2008; 73:7532-42. [DOI: 10.1021/jo8013897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bernadett Bacsa
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Microwave Chemistry (CDLMC) and Institute of Chemistry, Karl-Franzens-University Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28, A-8010 Graz, Austria, Research Group of Peptide Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Eötvös Loránd University, 1117 Budapest, Hungary, and piCHEM Forschungs und EntwicklungsgmbH, Kahngasse 20, A-8045 Graz, Austria
| | - Kata Horváti
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Microwave Chemistry (CDLMC) and Institute of Chemistry, Karl-Franzens-University Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28, A-8010 Graz, Austria, Research Group of Peptide Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Eötvös Loránd University, 1117 Budapest, Hungary, and piCHEM Forschungs und EntwicklungsgmbH, Kahngasse 20, A-8045 Graz, Austria
| | - Szilvia Bõsze
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Microwave Chemistry (CDLMC) and Institute of Chemistry, Karl-Franzens-University Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28, A-8010 Graz, Austria, Research Group of Peptide Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Eötvös Loránd University, 1117 Budapest, Hungary, and piCHEM Forschungs und EntwicklungsgmbH, Kahngasse 20, A-8045 Graz, Austria
| | - Fritz Andreae
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Microwave Chemistry (CDLMC) and Institute of Chemistry, Karl-Franzens-University Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28, A-8010 Graz, Austria, Research Group of Peptide Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Eötvös Loránd University, 1117 Budapest, Hungary, and piCHEM Forschungs und EntwicklungsgmbH, Kahngasse 20, A-8045 Graz, Austria
| | - C. Oliver Kappe
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Microwave Chemistry (CDLMC) and Institute of Chemistry, Karl-Franzens-University Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28, A-8010 Graz, Austria, Research Group of Peptide Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Eötvös Loránd University, 1117 Budapest, Hungary, and piCHEM Forschungs und EntwicklungsgmbH, Kahngasse 20, A-8045 Graz, Austria
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Abstract
First described more than two decades ago, microwave-assisted organic synthesis has matured from a laboratory curiosity to an established technique that today is heavily used in both academia and industry. One of the most valuable advantages of using controlled microwave dielectric heating for chemical synthesis is the dramatic reduction in reaction times: from days and hours to minutes and seconds. As will be explained in this tutorial review, there are many more good reasons why organic chemists are nowadays incorporating dedicated microwave reactors into their daily work routine.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Oliver Kappe
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Microwave Chemistry (CDLMC) and Institute of Chemistry, Karl-Franzens-University Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28, Graz, A-8010, Austria.
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