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Lazo PA. Nuclear functions regulated by the VRK1 kinase. Nucleus 2024; 15:2353249. [PMID: 38753965 DOI: 10.1080/19491034.2024.2353249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
In the nucleus, the VRK1 Ser-Thr kinase is distributed in nucleoplasm and chromatin, where it has different roles. VRK1 expression increases in response to mitogenic signals. VRK1 regulates cyclin D1 expression at G0 exit and facilitates chromosome condensation at the end of G2 and G2/M progression to mitosis. These effects are mediated by the phosphorylation of histone H3 at Thr3 by VRK1, and later in mitosis by haspin. VRK1 regulates the apigenetic patterns of histones in processes requiring chromating remodeling, such as transcription, replication and DNA repair. VRK1 is overexpressed in tumors, facilitating tumor progression and resistance to genotoxic treatments. VRK1 also regulates the organization of Cajal bodies assembled on coilin, which are necessary for the assembly of different types of RNP complexes. VRK1 pathogenic variants cuase defects in Cajal bodies, functionally altering neurons with long axons and leading to neurological diseases, such as amyotrophic laterla sclerosis, spinal muscular atrophy, distal hereditay motor neuropathies and Charcot-Marie-Tooth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro A Lazo
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) - Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
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Goyer ML, Desaulniers-Langevin C, Sonn A, Mansour Nehmo G, Lisi V, Benabdallah B, Raynal NJM, Beauséjour C. Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Fibroblasts Efficiently Engage Senescence Pathways but Show Increased Sensitivity to Stress Inducers. Cells 2024; 13:849. [PMID: 38786071 PMCID: PMC11119907 DOI: 10.3390/cells13100849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The risk of aberrant growth of induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived cells in response to DNA damage is a potential concern as the tumor suppressor genes TP53 and CDKN2A are transiently inactivated during reprogramming. Herein, we evaluate the integrity of cellular senescence pathways and DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair in Sendai virus reprogrammed iPSC-derived human fibroblasts (i-HF) compared to their parental skin fibroblasts (HF). Using transcriptomics analysis and a variety of functional assays, we show that the capacity of i-HF to enter senescence and repair DSB is not compromised after damage induced by ionizing radiation (IR) or the overexpression of H-RASV12. Still, i-HF lines are transcriptionally different from their parental lines, showing enhanced metabolic activity and higher expression of p53-related effector genes. As a result, i-HF lines generally exhibit increased sensitivity to various stresses, have an elevated senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), and cannot be immortalized unless p53 expression is knocked down. In conclusion, while our results suggest that i-HF are not at a greater risk of transformation, their overall hyperactivation of senescence pathways may impede their function as a cell therapy product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Lyn Goyer
- Centre de Recherche du CHU Sainte-Justine, 3175 Côte Sainte-Catherine, Montréal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada; (M.-L.G.); (C.D.-L.); (A.S.); (G.M.N.); (V.L.); (B.B.); (N.J.-M.R.)
- Département de Pharmacologie et Physiologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Cynthia Desaulniers-Langevin
- Centre de Recherche du CHU Sainte-Justine, 3175 Côte Sainte-Catherine, Montréal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada; (M.-L.G.); (C.D.-L.); (A.S.); (G.M.N.); (V.L.); (B.B.); (N.J.-M.R.)
- Département de Pharmacologie et Physiologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Anthony Sonn
- Centre de Recherche du CHU Sainte-Justine, 3175 Côte Sainte-Catherine, Montréal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada; (M.-L.G.); (C.D.-L.); (A.S.); (G.M.N.); (V.L.); (B.B.); (N.J.-M.R.)
- Département de Pharmacologie et Physiologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Georgio Mansour Nehmo
- Centre de Recherche du CHU Sainte-Justine, 3175 Côte Sainte-Catherine, Montréal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada; (M.-L.G.); (C.D.-L.); (A.S.); (G.M.N.); (V.L.); (B.B.); (N.J.-M.R.)
- Département de Pharmacologie et Physiologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Véronique Lisi
- Centre de Recherche du CHU Sainte-Justine, 3175 Côte Sainte-Catherine, Montréal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada; (M.-L.G.); (C.D.-L.); (A.S.); (G.M.N.); (V.L.); (B.B.); (N.J.-M.R.)
| | - Basma Benabdallah
- Centre de Recherche du CHU Sainte-Justine, 3175 Côte Sainte-Catherine, Montréal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada; (M.-L.G.); (C.D.-L.); (A.S.); (G.M.N.); (V.L.); (B.B.); (N.J.-M.R.)
| | - Noël J.-M. Raynal
- Centre de Recherche du CHU Sainte-Justine, 3175 Côte Sainte-Catherine, Montréal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada; (M.-L.G.); (C.D.-L.); (A.S.); (G.M.N.); (V.L.); (B.B.); (N.J.-M.R.)
- Département de Pharmacologie et Physiologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Christian Beauséjour
- Centre de Recherche du CHU Sainte-Justine, 3175 Côte Sainte-Catherine, Montréal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada; (M.-L.G.); (C.D.-L.); (A.S.); (G.M.N.); (V.L.); (B.B.); (N.J.-M.R.)
- Département de Pharmacologie et Physiologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
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He Y, Wang Y, Luo Z, Zhang X, Bai H, Wang J. SMC2 knockdown inhibits malignant progression of lung adenocarcinoma by upregulating BTG2 expression. Cell Signal 2024; 120:111216. [PMID: 38729325 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2024.111216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is the most prevalent subtype of lung cancer worldwide. Structural maintenance of chromosomes 2 (SMC2) serves as a predictor of poor prognosis across various cancer types. This study aims to explore the role and underlying mechanisms of SMC2 in LUAD progression. The expression of SMC2 in LUAD tissues and its correlation with prognosis were analyzed by public databases. Knockdown of SMC2 was performed to assess the proliferation, migration and invasion ability of LUAD cells. Bulk RNA sequencing analysis identified enriched cellular pathways and remarkable upregulation of BTG anti-proliferation factor 2 (BTG2) expression after SMC2 knockdown in LUAD cells. Then, BTG2 was silenced to assess the malignant behavior of LUAD cells. Subcutaneous transplantation and intracranial tumor models of LUAD cells in BALB/c nude mice were established to assess the antineoplastic effect of SMC2 knockdown in vivo. Additionally, a lung metastasis model was created to evaluate the pro-metastatic effect of SMC2. Our findings indicated that SMC2 was upregulated in LUAD tissues and cell lines, with higher expression correlating with poor prognosis. SMC2 silencing suppressed the proliferation, migration and invasion ability of LUAD cells by upregulating BTG2 expression via p53 and inactivating ERK and AKT pathways. BTG2 silencing reversed the effects of SMC2 downregulation on malignant behaviors of LUAD cells and restored the phosphorylated ERK and AKT levels. Furthermore, SMC2 knockdown effectively prevented the formation of subcutaneous, intracranial and metastatic tumor in vivo, and upregulation of BTG2 expression after SMC2 knockdown was confirmed in tumor models. This study revealed that SMC2 knockdown restrained the malignant progression of LUAD through upregulation of BTG2 expression and inactivation of ERK and AKT pathways, and SMC2 could be a potential therapeutic target for LUAD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan He
- National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China; CAMS Key Laboratory of Translational Research on Lung Cancer, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Yiyao Wang
- Department of Nursing Academy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Zhenyu Luo
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Xue Zhang
- National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China; CAMS Key Laboratory of Translational Research on Lung Cancer, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Hua Bai
- National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China; CAMS Key Laboratory of Translational Research on Lung Cancer, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China.
| | - Jie Wang
- National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China; CAMS Key Laboratory of Translational Research on Lung Cancer, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China.
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Tuppurainen H, Laurila N, Nätynki M, Eshraghi L, Tervasmäki A, Erichsen L, Sørensen CS, Pylkäs K, Winqvist R, Peltoketo H. PALB2-mutated human mammary cells display a broad spectrum of morphological and functional abnormalities induced by increased TGFβ signaling. Cell Mol Life Sci 2024; 81:173. [PMID: 38597967 PMCID: PMC11006627 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-024-05183-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Heterozygous mutations in any of three major genes, BRCA1, BRCA2 and PALB2, are associated with high-risk hereditary breast cancer susceptibility frequently seen as familial disease clustering. PALB2 is a key interaction partner and regulator of several vital cellular activities of BRCA1 and BRCA2, and is thus required for DNA damage repair and alleviation of replicative and oxidative stress. Little is however known about how PALB2-deficiency affects cell function beyond that, especially in the three-dimensional setting, and also about its role during early steps of malignancy development. To answer these questions, we have generated biologically relevant MCF10A mammary epithelial cell lines with mutations that are comparable to certain clinically important PALB2 defects. We show in a non-cancerous background how both mono- and biallelically PALB2-mutated cells exhibit gross spontaneous DNA damage and mitotic aberrations. Furthermore, PALB2-deficiency disturbs three-dimensional spheroid morphology, increases the migrational capacity and invasiveness of the cells, and broadly alters their transcriptome profiles. TGFβ signaling and KRT14 expression are enhanced in PALB2-mutated cells and their inhibition and knock down, respectively, lead to partial restoration of cell functions. KRT14-positive cells are also more abundant with DNA damage than KRT14-negative cells. The obtained results indicate comprehensive cellular changes upon PALB2 mutations, even in the presence of half dosage of wild type PALB2 and demonstrate how PALB2 mutations may predispose their carriers to malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Tuppurainen
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Tumor Biology, Translational Medicine Research Unit, Biocenter Oulu and Faculty of Medicine, Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Niina Laurila
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Tumor Biology, Translational Medicine Research Unit, Biocenter Oulu and Faculty of Medicine, Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Marjut Nätynki
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Tumor Biology, Translational Medicine Research Unit, Biocenter Oulu and Faculty of Medicine, Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Leila Eshraghi
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Tumor Biology, Translational Medicine Research Unit, Biocenter Oulu and Faculty of Medicine, Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
| | - Anna Tervasmäki
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Tumor Biology, Translational Medicine Research Unit, Biocenter Oulu and Faculty of Medicine, Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Louisa Erichsen
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Katri Pylkäs
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Tumor Biology, Translational Medicine Research Unit, Biocenter Oulu and Faculty of Medicine, Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Northern Finland Laboratory Centre, Oulu, Finland
| | - Robert Winqvist
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Tumor Biology, Translational Medicine Research Unit, Biocenter Oulu and Faculty of Medicine, Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
| | - Hellevi Peltoketo
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Tumor Biology, Translational Medicine Research Unit, Biocenter Oulu and Faculty of Medicine, Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
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Hui YJ, Yu TT, Li LG, Peng XC, Di MJ, Liu H, Gu WL, Li TF, Zhao KL, Wang WX. B-Myb deficiency boosts bortezomib-induced immunogenic cell death in colorectal cancer. Sci Rep 2024; 14:7733. [PMID: 38565963 PMCID: PMC10987531 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-58424-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
B-Myb has received considerable attention for its critical tumorigenic function of supporting DNA repair. However, its modulatory effects on chemotherapy and immunotherapy have rarely been reported in colorectal cancer. Bortezomib (BTZ) is a novel compound with chemotherapeutic and immunotherapeutic effects, but it fails to work in colorectal cancer with high B-Myb expression. The present study was designed to investigate whether B-Myb deletion in colorectal cancer could potentiate the immune efficacy of BTZ against colorectal cancer and to clarify the underlying mechanism. Stable B-Myb knockdown was induced in colorectal cancer cells, which increased apoptosis of the cancer cells relative to the control group in vitro and in vivo. We found that BTZ exhibited more favourable efficacy in B-Myb-defective colorectal cancer cells and tumor-bearing mice. BTZ treatment led to differential expression of genes enriched in the p53 signaling pathway promoted more powerful downstream DNA damage, and arrested cell cycle in B-Myb-defective colorectal cancer. In contrast, recovery of B-Myb in B-Myb-defective colorectal cancer cells abated BTZ-related DNA damage, cell cycle arrest, and anticancer efficacy. Moreover, BTZ promoted DNA damage-associated enhancement of immunogenicity, as indicated by potentiated expression of HMGB1 and HSP90 in B-Myb-defective cells, thereby driving M1 polarization of macrophages. Collectively, B-Myb deletion in colorectal cancer facilitates the immunogenic death of cancer cells, thereby further promoting the immune efficacy of BTZ by amplifying DNA damage. The present work provides an effective molecular target for colorectal cancer immunotherapy with BTZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Jian Hui
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Jiefang Road No. 238, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei Province, China
- Department of General Surgery, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Renmin South Road No. 32, Shiyan, 442000, Hubei Province, China
| | - Ting-Ting Yu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Renmin South Road No. 30, Shiyan, 442000, Hubei Province, China
- Department of Pathology, Renmin Hospital of Shiyan, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, 442000, Hubei Province, China
| | - Liu-Gen Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Renmin South Road No. 30, Shiyan, 442000, Hubei Province, China
| | - Xing-Chun Peng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Renmin South Road No. 30, Shiyan, 442000, Hubei Province, China
| | - Mao-Jun Di
- Department of General Surgery, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Renmin South Road No. 32, Shiyan, 442000, Hubei Province, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Renmin South Road No. 32, Shiyan, 442000, Hubei Province, China
| | - Wen-Long Gu
- Department of General Surgery, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Renmin South Road No. 32, Shiyan, 442000, Hubei Province, China
| | - Tong-Fei Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Renmin South Road No. 30, Shiyan, 442000, Hubei Province, China
| | - Kai-Liang Zhao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Jiefang Road No. 238, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei Province, China.
| | - Wei-Xing Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Jiefang Road No. 238, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei Province, China.
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Fang H, Shi X, Wan J, Zhong X. Role of sestrins in metabolic and aging-related diseases. Biogerontology 2024; 25:9-22. [PMID: 37516672 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-023-10053-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
Sestrins are a type of highly conserved stress-inducing protein that has antioxidant and mTORC1 inhibitory functions. Metabolic dysfunction and aging are the main risk factors for development of human diseases, such as diabetes, neurodegenerative diseases, and cancer. Sestrins have important roles in regulating glucose and lipid metabolism, anti-tumor functions, and aging by inhibiting the reactive oxygen species and mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 pathways. In this review, the structure and biological functions of sestrins are summarized, and how sestrins are activated and contribute to regulation of the downstream signal pathways of metabolic and aging-related diseases are discussed in detail with the goal of providing new ideas and therapeutic targets for the treatment of related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Fang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, 25 Taiping Road, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Xiaomin Shi
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, 25 Taiping Road, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Juyi Wan
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, 25 Taiping Road, Luzhou, 646000, China.
| | - Xiaolin Zhong
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, 25 Taiping Road, Luzhou, 646000, China.
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7
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Zhang Y, Lyu X, Chen D, Wu J, Li D, Li Y. DNA induced CTAB-caped gold bipyramidal nanoparticles self-assembly using for Raman detection of DNA molecules. Talanta 2024; 266:124936. [PMID: 37478765 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.124936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
DNA is an indispensable part of metabolism, which affects many important processes in the body, including gene expression, protein synthesis, and drug delivery. Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is one of the most important methods used to study the structure and function of DNA and can obtain rich DNA molecular fingerprints. However, it is still a great challenge to use SERS to directly analyze the characteristic Raman signals of the DNA molecule and achieve rapid and simple detection. Hence, a detection platform based on gold bipyramidal nanoparticles (AuNBs) self-assembly that can be directly used for the detection of DNA molecules without the need for additional aggregators and cleaning agents was designed in this study. The original hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) of AuNBs can be used as the internal standard for DNA quantification without an additional standard. This is the first time that the Raman signals of the analyte molecule can be obtained directly without labels by using the interaction between the molecule and the enhanced substrate. We used this method to capture the original DNA molecules in methylated DNA, serum, and cell metabolites and obtained spectral data processing results using linear discriminant analysis (LDA). This provides new ideas for the digitization of disease treatment and the study of the metabolic processes of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Analytical Chemistry (Research Center for Innovative Technology of Pharmaceutical Analysis), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150081, PR China; Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, Joint International Laboratory for Precision Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology & Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, PR China
| | - Xiaoming Lyu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Analytical Chemistry (Research Center for Innovative Technology of Pharmaceutical Analysis), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150081, PR China
| | - Dongsu Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Analytical Chemistry (Research Center for Innovative Technology of Pharmaceutical Analysis), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150081, PR China
| | - Jing Wu
- School of Science, Nantong University, No. 9, Seyuan Road, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226019, PR China
| | - Dawei Li
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, Joint International Laboratory for Precision Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology & Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, PR China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Analytical Chemistry (Research Center for Innovative Technology of Pharmaceutical Analysis), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150081, PR China; Research Unit of Health Sciences and Technology (HST), Faculty of Medicine University of Oulu, 2125B, Aapistie 5A, 90220, Oulu, Finland; Genomics Research Center (Key Laboratory of Gut Microbiota and Pharmacogenomics of Heilongjiang Province), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, PR China.
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Duabil AJN, Cooper CR, Aldujaily E, Halford SER, Hirschberg S, Katugampola SD, Jones GDD. Investigations of the novel checkpoint kinase 1 inhibitor SRA737 in non-small cell lung cancer and colorectal cancer cells of differing tumour protein 53 gene status. EXPLORATION OF TARGETED ANTI-TUMOR THERAPY 2023; 4:1210-1226. [PMID: 38214010 PMCID: PMC10776598 DOI: 10.37349/etat.2023.00193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Aim In response to DNA damage the serine/threonine-specific protein kinase checkpoint kinase 1 (CHK1) is activated allowing cells to enter S phase (S) and G2 phase (G2) cell-cycle arrest. CHK1 inhibitors are expected to prevent cells from entering such arrest, thereby enhancing DNA damage-induced cytotoxicity. In contrast, normal cells with intact ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM), CHK2 and tumour suppressor protein 53 (P53) signalling are still able to enter cell-cycle arrest using the functioning G1/S checkpoint, thereby being rescued from enhanced cytotoxicity. The main objective of this work is to investigate the in vitro effects of the novel CHK1 inhibitor SRA737 on pairs of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and colorectal cancer (CRC) cell lines, all with genetic aberrations rendering them susceptible to replication stress but of differing tumour protein 53 (TP53) gene status, focusing on DNA damage induction and the subsequent effects on cell proliferation and viability. Methods NSCLC cell lines H23 [TP53 mutant (MUT)] and A549 [TP53 wild-type (WT)] and CRC cell lines HT29 (TP53 MUT) and HCT116 (TP53 WT) were incubated with differing micromolar concentrations of SRA737 for 24 h and then analysed using alkaline comet and phosphorylated H2A.X variant histone (γH2AX)-foci assays to assess mostly DNA single strand break and double strand break damage, respectively. Cell-counting/trypan blue staining was also performed to assess cell proliferation/viability. Results Clear concentration-dependent increases in comet formation and γH2AX-foci/cell were noted for the TP53 MUT cells with no or lower increases being noted in the corresponding TP53 WT cells. Also, greater anti-proliferative and cell killing effects were noted in the TP53 MUT cells than in the TP53 WT cells. Conclusions This study's data suggests that P53 status/functioning is a key factor in determining the sensitivity of NSCLC and CRC cancer cells towards CHK1 inhibition, even in circumstances conducive to high replicative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali JN Duabil
- Leicester Cancer Research Centre, Department of Genetics & Genome Biology, University of Leicester, LE1 7RH Leics, UK
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kufa, Najaf, Iraq
| | - Christian R Cooper
- Leicester Cancer Research Centre, Department of Genetics & Genome Biology, University of Leicester, LE1 7RH Leics, UK
- MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, OX3 7DQ Oxon, UK
| | - Esraa Aldujaily
- Leicester Cancer Research Centre, Department of Genetics & Genome Biology, University of Leicester, LE1 7RH Leics, UK
- Department of Pathology & Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kufa, Najaf, Iraq
| | - Sarah ER Halford
- Cancer Research UK Centre for Drug Development, London E20 1JQ, UK
| | | | | | - George DD Jones
- Leicester Cancer Research Centre, Department of Genetics & Genome Biology, University of Leicester, LE1 7RH Leics, UK
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9
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Li C, Li Y, Wang W, Scimeca M, Melino G, Du R, Shi Y. Deer antlers: the fastest growing tissue with least cancer occurrence. Cell Death Differ 2023; 30:2452-2461. [PMID: 37864097 PMCID: PMC10733395 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-023-01231-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Deer antlers are a bony organ solely able to acquired distinct unique attributes during evolution and all these attributes are against thus far known natural rules. One of them is as the fastest animal growing tissue (2 cm/day), they are remarkably cancer-free, despite high cell division rate. Although tumor-like nodules on the long-lived castrate antlers in some deer species do occur, but they are truly benign in nature. In this review, we tried to find the answer to this seemingly contradictory phenomenon based on the currently available information and give insights into possible clinic application. The antler growth center is located in its tip; the most intensive dividing cells are resident in the inner layer of reserve mesenchyme (RM), and these cells are more adopted to osteosarcoma rather than to normal bone tissues in gene expression profiles but acquire their energy mainly through aerobic oxidative phosphorylation pathway. To counteract propensity of neoplastic transformation, antlers evolved highly efficient apoptosis exactly in the RM, unparalleled by any known tissues; and annual wholesale cast to jettison the corps. Besides, some strong cancer suppressive genes including p53 cofactor genes and p53 regulator genes are highly positively selected by deer, which would have certainly contributed to curb tumorigenesis. Thus far, antler extracts and RM cells/exosomes have been tried on different cancer models either in vitro or in vivo, and all achieved positive results. These positive experimental results together with the anecdotal folklore that regular consumption of velvet antler is living with cancer-free would encourage us to test antlers in clinic settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyi Li
- Institute of Antler Science and Product Technology, Changchun Sci-Tech University, Changchun, China
| | - Yan Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Wenying Wang
- Institute of Antler Science and Product Technology, Changchun Sci-Tech University, Changchun, China
| | - Manuel Scimeca
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Gerry Melino
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy.
| | - Rui Du
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China.
| | - Yufang Shi
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University/The First People's Hospital of Changzhou, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Institutes for Translational Medicine, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
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10
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Fauteux M, Côté N, Bergeron S, Maréchal A, Gaudreau L. Differential effects of pesticides on dioxin receptor signaling and p53 activation. Sci Rep 2023; 13:21211. [PMID: 38040841 PMCID: PMC10692357 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-48555-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023] Open
Abstract
As modern agricultural practices increase their use of chemical pesticides, it is inevitable that we will find a number of these xenobiotics within drinking water supplies and disseminated throughout the food chain. A major problem that arises from this pollution is that the effects of most of these pesticides on cellular mechanisms in general, and how they interact with each other and affect human cells are still poorly understood. In this study we make use of cultured human cancer cells to measure by qRT-PCR how pesticides affect gene expression of stress pathways. Immunoblotting studies were performed to monitor protein expression levels and activation of signaling pathways. We make use of immunofluorescence and microscopy to visualize and quantify DNA damage events in those cells. In the current study, we evaluate the potential of a subset of widely used pesticides to activate the dioxin receptor pathway and affect its crosstalk with estrogen receptor signaling. We quantify the impact of these chemicals on the p53-dependent cellular stress response. We find that, not only can the different pesticides activate the dioxin receptor pathway, most of them have better than additive effects on this pathway when combined at low doses. We also show that different pesticides have the ability to trigger crosstalk events that may generate genotoxic estrogen metabolites. Finally, we show that some, but not all of the tested pesticides can induce a p53-dependent stress response. Taken together our results provide evidence that several xenobiotics found within the environment have the potential to interact together to elicit significant effects on cell systems. Our data warrants caution when the toxicity of substances that are assessed simply for individual chemicals, since important biological effects could be observed only in the presence of other compounds, and that even at very low concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myriam Fauteux
- Département de Biologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Nadia Côté
- Département de Biologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Sandra Bergeron
- Département de Biologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Alexandre Maréchal
- Département de Biologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Luc Gaudreau
- Département de Biologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.
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11
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Bai W. The combined characteristics of cholesterol metabolism and the immune microenvironment may serve as valuable biomarkers for both the prognosis and treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. Heliyon 2023; 9:e22885. [PMID: 38125426 PMCID: PMC10730758 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) being a complex disease, commonly exhibits multifaceted presentations, rendering its treatment challenging and necessitating specific approaches. The tumor immune microenvironment is crucial in cancer treatment, and cholesterol metabolism is a key component that helps cells grow and produce vital metabolites. However, the reprogramming of cholesterol metabolism in the tumor microenvironment (TME) can promote HCC development, and cancer classifiers relating to cholesterol metabolism are currently limited. Despite significant progress, further research is needed to improve early detection, liver function, and treatment options to improve patient outcomes. Methods To evaluate the expression abundance of tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) and cholesterol metabolism in 8 types of liver cancer cells, we comprehensively evaluated the immune cell composition, extracellular matrix alterations, and activity of relevant signaling pathways in the TIME through nine liver cancer patients, stromal scoring, immune scoring, tumor purity scoring, immune infiltration analysis, and pathway enrichment. Subsequently, we utilized machine learning techniques to construct prognostic models for both cholesterol metabolism and the tumor immune microenvironment, further exploring the tumor mutation burden, immune infiltration levels, and drug sensitivity in different subtypes of HCC patients. Results Our study constructed three cancer screening models to identify HCC patients with high cholesterol metabolism and low TIME, who have a poorer prognosis. On the contrary, patients with low cholesterol metabolism and high TIME often have better prognosis. Furthermore, we identified chemical compounds, such as BPD-00008900, ML323, Doramapimod, and AZD2014, which display better chemotherapy results for high-risk patients in specific sub-groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyu Bai
- Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, China
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12
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Yu J, Ling S, Hong J, Zhang L, Zhou W, Yin L, Xu S, Que Q, Wu Y, Zhan Q, Bao J, Xu N, Liu Y, Chen K, Wei X, Liu Z, Feng T, Zhou L, Xie H, Wang S, Liu J, Zheng S, Xu X. TP53/mTORC1-mediated bidirectional regulation of PD-L1 modulates immune evasion in hepatocellular carcinoma. J Immunother Cancer 2023; 11:e007479. [PMID: 38030304 PMCID: PMC10689408 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2023-007479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immunotherapy has facilitated great breakthroughs in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the efficacy and response rate of immunotherapy are limited and vary among different patients with HCC. TP53 mutation substantially affects the expression of immune checkpoint molecules in multiple cancers. However, the regulatory relationship between programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) and TP53 is poorly studied in HCC. We aimed to elucidate the regulatory mechanism of PD-L1 in HCC with different TP53 statuses and to assess its role in modulating immune evasion in HCC. METHODS HCC mouse models and cell lines with different TP53 statuses were constructed. PD-L1 levels were detected by PCR, western blotting and flow cytometry. RNA-seqencing, immunoprecipitation, chromatin immunoprecipitation and transmission electron microscopy were used to elucidate the regulatory mechanism in HCC with different TP53 status. HCC mouse models and patient with HCC samples were analyzed to demonstrate the preclinical and clinical significance of the findings. RESULTS We report that loss of p53 promoted PD-L1 expression and reduced CD8+ T-cell infiltration in patient with HCC samples and mouse models. Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway was activated in p53-loss-of-function HCC or after knocking down TP53. The transcription factor E2F1 was found to bind to the p53 protein in TP53 wild-type HCC cells, and inhibiting mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) disrupted this binding and enhanced E2F1 translocation to the nucleus, where it bound to the PD-L1 promoter and transcriptionally upregulated PD-L1. In p53-loss-of-function HCC cells, autophagosomes were activated after mTORC1 suppression, promoting the degradation of PD-L1 protein. The combination of mTOR inhibitor and anti-PD-L1 antibody enhanced CD8+ T-cell infiltration and tumor suppression in TP53 wild-type HCC mouse models, but no benefit was observed in p53-loss-of-function HCC mouse models. In patients with TP53 wild-type HCC, PD-L1 levels were significantly higher in the high E2F1 group than in the low E2F1 group, and the low E2F1 level group had significantly superior survival. CONCLUSION We revealed the bidirectional regulatory mechanism of PD-L1 mediated by TP53/mTORC1 in HCC. The combination of mTOR inhibitor and anti-PD-L1 antibody could be a novel precise immunotherapy scheme for TP53 wild-type HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiongjie Yu
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, China
| | - Sunbin Ling
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, China
| | | | - Lincheng Zhang
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lu Yin
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shengjun Xu
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qingyang Que
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yongfeng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qifan Zhan
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiaqi Bao
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Nan Xu
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuchen Liu
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kangchen Chen
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xuyong Wei
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhikun Liu
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tingting Feng
- Department of Colorectal Medical Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lin Zhou
- NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haiyang Xie
- NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shuai Wang
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jimin Liu
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shusen Zheng
- NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiao Xu
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, China
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13
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Ben-Oz BM, Machour FE, Nicola M, Argoetti A, Polyak G, Hanna R, Kleifeld O, Mandel-Gutfreund Y, Ayoub N. A dual role of RBM42 in modulating splicing and translation of CDKN1A/p21 during DNA damage response. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7628. [PMID: 37993446 PMCID: PMC10665399 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43495-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
p53-mediated cell cycle arrest during DNA damage is dependent on the induction of p21 protein, encoded by the CDKN1A gene. p21 inhibits cyclin-dependent kinases required for cell cycle progression to guarantee accurate repair of DNA lesions. Hence, fine-tuning of p21 levels is crucial to preserve genomic stability. Currently, the multilayered regulation of p21 levels during DNA damage is not fully understood. Herein, we identify the human RNA binding motif protein 42 (RBM42) as a regulator of p21 levels during DNA damage. Genome-wide transcriptome and interactome analysis reveals that RBM42 alters the expression of p53-regulated genes during DNA damage. Specifically, we demonstrate that RBM42 facilitates CDKN1A splicing by counteracting the splicing inhibitory effect of RBM4 protein. Unexpectedly, we also show that RBM42, underpins translation of various splicing targets, including CDKN1A. Concordantly, transcriptome-wide mapping of RBM42-RNA interactions using eCLIP further substantiates the dual function of RBM42 in regulating splicing and translation of its target genes, including CDKN1A. Collectively, our data show that RBM42 couples splicing and translation machineries to fine-tune gene expression during DNA damage response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bella M Ben-Oz
- Department of Biology, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
| | - Feras E Machour
- Department of Biology, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
| | - Marian Nicola
- Department of Biology, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
| | - Amir Argoetti
- Department of Biology, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
| | - Galia Polyak
- Department of Biology, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
| | - Rawad Hanna
- Department of Biology, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
| | - Oded Kleifeld
- Department of Biology, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
| | - Yael Mandel-Gutfreund
- Department of Biology, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
| | - Nabieh Ayoub
- Department of Biology, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel.
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14
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Jeong HW, Ryu TH, Lee HJ, Kim KH, Jeong RD. DNA Damage Triggers the Activation of Immune Response to Viral Pathogens via Salicylic Acid in Plants. THE PLANT PATHOLOGY JOURNAL 2023; 39:449-465. [PMID: 37817492 PMCID: PMC10580055 DOI: 10.5423/ppj.oa.08.2023.0112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
Plants are challenged by various pathogens throughout their lives, such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, and insects; consequently, they have evolved several defense mechanisms. In addition, plants have developed localized and systematic immune responses due to biotic and abiotic stress exposure. Animals are known to activate DNA damage responses (DDRs) and DNA damage sensor immune signals in response to stress, and the process is well studied in animal systems. However, the links between stress perception and immune response through DDRs remain largely unknown in plants. To determine whether DDRs induce plant resistance to pathogens, Arabidopsis plants were treated with bleomycin, a DNA damage-inducing agent, and the replication levels of viral pathogens and growth of bacterial pathogens were determined. We observed that DDR-mediated resistance was specifically activated against viral pathogens, including turnip crinkle virus (TCV). DDR increased the expression level of pathogenesis-related (PR) genes and the total salicylic acid (SA) content and promoted mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling cascades, including the WRKY signaling pathway in Arabidopsis. Transcriptome analysis further revealed that defense- and SA-related genes were upregulated by DDR. The atm-2atr-2 double mutants were susceptible to TCV, indicating that the main DDR signaling pathway sensors play an important role in plant immune responses. In conclusion, DDRs activated basal immune responses to viral pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwi-Won Jeong
- Department of Applied Biology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61185, Korea
| | - Tae Ho Ryu
- Department of Applied Biology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61185, Korea
| | - Hyo-Jeong Lee
- Department of Applied Biology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61185, Korea
| | - Kook-Hyung Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Rae-Dong Jeong
- Department of Applied Biology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61185, Korea
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15
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Duan L, Tadi MJ, Maki CG. CSE1L is a negative regulator of the RB-DREAM pathway in p53 wild-type NSCLC and can be targeted using an HDAC1/2 inhibitor. Sci Rep 2023; 13:16271. [PMID: 37759078 PMCID: PMC10533896 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-43218-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
P53 represses transcription by activating p21 expression and promoting formation of RB1-E2F1 and RBL1/RBL2-DREAM transcription repressor complexes. The DREAM complex is composed of DP1, RB-family proteins RBL1 or RBL2 (p107/p130), E2F4/5, and MuvB. We recently reported RBL2-DREAM contributes to improved therapy responses in p53 wild-type NSCLC cells and improved outcomes in NSCLC patients whose tumors express wild-type p53. In the current study we identified CSE1L as a novel inhibitor of the RBL2-DREAM pathway and target to activate RBL2-DREAM in NSCLC cells. CSE1L is an oncoprotein that maintains repression of genes that can be reactivated by HDAC inhibitors. Mocetinostat is a HDAC inhibitor in clinical trials with selectivity against HDACs 1 and 2. Knockdown of CSE1L in NSCLC cells or treatment with mocetinostat increased p21, activated RB1 and RBL2, repressed DREAM target genes, and induced toxicity in a manner that required wild-type p53. Lastly, we found high levels of CSE1L and specific DREAM-target genes are candidate markers to identify p53 wild-type NSCLCs most responsive to mocetinostat. Thus, we identified CSE1L as a critical negative regulator of the RB-DREAM pathway in p53 wild-type NSCLC that can be indirectly targeted with HDAC1/2 inhibitors (mocetinostat) in current clinical trials. High expression of CSE1L and DREAM target genes could serve as a biomarker to identify p53 wild-type NSCLCs most responsive to this HDAC1/2 inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Duan
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Rush University Medical Center, 600 S. Paulina Street, AcFac 507, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Mehrdad Jafari Tadi
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Rush University Medical Center, 600 S. Paulina Street, AcFac 507, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Carl G Maki
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Rush University Medical Center, 600 S. Paulina Street, AcFac 507, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
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16
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Ullah A, Waqas M, Halim SA, Daud M, Jan A, Khan A, Al-Harrasi A. Sirtuin 1 inhibition: a promising avenue to suppress cancer progression through small inhibitors design. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023:1-17. [PMID: 37661778 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2252898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
SIRT1 is a protein associated with vital cell functions such as gene regulation, metabolism, ageing, and cellular energy restoration. Its association with the tumor suppressor protein p53 is essential for controlling the growth of cells, apoptosis, and response to DNA damage. By raising p53 acetylation, encouraging apoptosis, and reducing cell proliferation, inhibiting SIRT1's catalytic domain, which interacts with p53, shows potential as a cancer treatment. The aim of the study is to find compounds that could inhibit SIRT1 and thus lower the proliferation of cancer cells. Employing molecular docking techniques, a virtual screening of ∼900 compounds (isolated from medicinal plants and derivatives) gave us 13 active compounds with good binding affinity. Additional evaluation of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties led to the selection of eight compounds with desirable properties. Docking analysis confirmed stable interactions between the final eight compounds (C1-C8) and the SIRT1 catalytic domain. Molecular dynamics simulations show overall stability and moderate changes in protein structure upon compound binding. The compactness of the protein indicated the protein's tight packing upon the inhibitors binding. Binding free energy calculations revealed that compounds C2 (-49.96 ± 0.073 kcal/mol and C1 (-44.79 ± 0.077 kcal/mol) exhibited the highest energy, indicating strong binding affinity to the SIRT1 catalytic domain. These compounds, along with C8, C5, C6, C3, C4 and C7, showed promising potential as SIRT1 inhibitors. Based on their ability to reduce SIRT1 activity and increase apoptosis, the eight chemicals discovered in this work may be useful in treating cancer.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atta Ullah
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman
| | - Muhammad Waqas
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Hazara University Mansehra, Dhodial, Pakistan
| | - Sobia Ahsan Halim
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman
| | - Muhammad Daud
- Department of Zoology, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Afnan Jan
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ajmal Khan
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman
| | - Ahmed Al-Harrasi
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman
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17
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Yang F, Mahaman YAR, Zhang B, Wang JZ, Liu R, Liu F, Wang X. C9orf72 poly-PR helps p53 escape from the ubiquitin-proteasome system and promotes its stability. J Neurochem 2023. [PMID: 37319115 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
C9orf72-derived dipeptide repeats (DPRs) proteins have been regarded as the pathogenic cause of neurodegeneration in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia (C9-ALS/FTD). As the most toxic DPRs in C9-ALS/FTD, poly-proline-arginine (poly-PR) is associated with the stability and accumulation of p53, which consequently induces neurodegeneration. However, the exact molecular mechanism via which C9orf72 poly-PR stabilizes p53 remains unclear. In this study, we showed that C9orf72 poly-PR induces not only neuronal damage but also p53 accumulation and p53 downstream gene activation in primary neurons. C9orf72 (PR)50 also slows down p53 protein turnover without affecting the p53 transcription level and thus promotes its stability in N2a cells. Interestingly, the ubiquitin-proteasome system but not the autophagy function was impaired in (PR)50 transfected N2a cells, resulting in defective p53 degradation. Moreover, we found that (PR)50 induces mdm2 mistranslocation from the nucleus to the cytoplasm and competitively binds to p53, reducing mdm2-p53 interactions in the nucleus in two different (PR)50 transfected cells. Our data strongly indicate that (PR)50 reduces mdm2-p53 interactions and causes p53 to escape from the ubiquitin-proteasome system, promoting its stability and accumulation. Inhibiting or at least downregulating (PR)50 binding with p53 may be therapeutically exploited for the treatment of C9-ALS/FTD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumin Yang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Education Ministry/Hubei Province of China for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yacoubou Abdoul Razak Mahaman
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Education Ministry/Hubei Province of China for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Education Ministry/Hubei Province of China for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jian-Zhi Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Education Ministry/Hubei Province of China for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Rong Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Education Ministry/Hubei Province of China for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fei Liu
- Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
- Department of Neurochemistry, Inge Grundke-Iqbal Research Floor, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, New York, USA
| | - Xiaochuan Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Education Ministry/Hubei Province of China for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
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Su YL, Xiao LY, Huang SY, Wu CC, Chang LC, Chen YH, Luo HL, Huang CC, Liu TT, Peng JM. Inhibiting WEE1 Augments the Antitumor Efficacy of Cisplatin in Urothelial Carcinoma by Enhancing the DNA Damage Process. Cells 2023; 12:1471. [PMID: 37296592 PMCID: PMC10252844 DOI: 10.3390/cells12111471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Urothelial carcinoma (UC) is characterized by a high incidence of TP53 mutation, and overcoming resistance to cisplatin-based chemotherapy in UC is a major concern. Wee1 is a G2/M phase regulator that controls the DNA damage response to chemotherapy in TP53-mutant cancers. The combination of Wee1 blockade with cisplatin has shown synergistic efficacy in several types of cancers, but little is known regarding UC. The antitumor efficacy of the Wee1 inhibitor (AZD-1775) alone or in combination with cisplatin was evaluated in UC cell lines and a xenograft mouse model. AZD-1775 enhanced the anticancer activity of cisplatin by increasing cellular apoptosis. AZD-1775 inhibited the G2/M checkpoint, improving the sensitivity of mutant TP53 UC cells to cisplatin by enhancing the DNA damage process. We confirmed that AZD-1775 combined with cisplatin reduced tumor volume and proliferation activity and increased the markers of cell apoptosis and DNA damage in the mouse xenograft model. In summary, the Wee1 inhibitor AZD-1775 combined with cisplatin elicited a promising anticancer efficacy in UC, and constitutes an innovative and promising therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Li Su
- Division of Hematology Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
- Genomic & Proteomic Core Laboratory, Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
| | - Ling-Yi Xiao
- Division of Hematology Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Yu Huang
- Division of Hematology Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Che Wu
- Division of Hematology Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
| | - Li-Chung Chang
- Division of Hematology Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hua Chen
- Division of Hematology Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
| | - Hao-Lun Luo
- Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Chieh Huang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Ting Liu
- Department of Pathology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
| | - Jei-Ming Peng
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
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19
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Sun SY, Crago A. MDM2 Implications for Potential Molecular Pathogenic Therapies of Soft-Tissue Tumors. J Clin Med 2023; 12:3638. [PMID: 37297833 PMCID: PMC10253559 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12113638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Murine double minute 2 (MDM2, gene name MDM2) is an oncogene that mainly codes for a protein that acts as an E3 ubiquitin ligase, which targets the tumor suppressor protein p53 for degradation. Overexpression of MDM2 regulates the p53 protein levels by binding to it and promoting its degradation by the 26S proteasome. This leads to the inhibition of p53's ability to regulate cell cycle progression and apoptosis, allowing for uncontrolled cell growth, and can contribute to the development of soft-tissue tumors. The application of cellular stress leads to changes in the binding of MDM2 to p53, which prevents MDM2 from degrading p53. This results in an increase in p53 levels, which triggers either cell cycle arrest or apoptosis. Inhibiting the function of MDM2 has been identified as a potential therapeutic strategy for treating these types of tumors. By blocking the activity of MDM2, p53 function can be restored, potentially leading to tumor cell death and inhibiting the growth of tumors. However, further research is needed to fully understand the implications of MDM2 inhibition for the treatment of soft-tissue tumors and to determine the safety and efficacy of these therapies in clinical trials. An overview of key milestones and potential uses of MDM2 research is presented in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia Yao Sun
- Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 417 E 618 St, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Aimee Crago
- Gastric and Mixed Tumor Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical Center, 525 E 68th St M 404, New York, NY 10065, USA
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20
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Osipov A, Chigasova A, Yashkina E, Ignatov M, Fedotov Y, Molodtsova D, Vorobyeva N, Osipov AN. Residual Foci of DNA Damage Response Proteins in Relation to Cellular Senescence and Autophagy in X-Ray Irradiated Fibroblasts. Cells 2023; 12:cells12081209. [PMID: 37190118 DOI: 10.3390/cells12081209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA repair (DNA damage) foci observed 24 h and later after irradiation are called "residual" in the literature. They are believed to be the repair sites for complex, potentially lethal DNA double strand breaks. However, the features of their post-radiation dose-dependent quantitative changes and their role in the processes of cell death and senescence are still insufficiently studied. For the first time in one work, a simultaneous study of the association of changes in the number of residual foci of key DNA damage response (DDR) proteins (γH2AX, pATM, 53BP1, p-p53), the proportion of caspase-3 positive, LC-3 II autophagic and SA-β-gal senescent cells was carried out 24-72 h after fibroblast irradiation with X-rays at doses of 1-10 Gy. It was shown that with an increase in time after irradiation from 24 h to 72 h, the number of residual foci and the proportion of caspase-3 positive cells decrease, while the proportion of senescent cells, on the contrary, increases. The highest number of autophagic cells was noted 48 h after irradiation. In general, the results obtained provide important information for understanding the dynamics of the development of a dose-dependent cellular response in populations of irradiated fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey Osipov
- N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna Chigasova
- N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Emanuel Institute for Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334 Moscow, Russia
| | - Elizaveta Yashkina
- N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- State Research Center-Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency (SRC-FMBC), 123098 Moscow, Russia
| | - Maxim Ignatov
- N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- State Research Center-Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency (SRC-FMBC), 123098 Moscow, Russia
| | - Yuriy Fedotov
- N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- State Research Center-Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency (SRC-FMBC), 123098 Moscow, Russia
| | - Daria Molodtsova
- State Research Center-Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency (SRC-FMBC), 123098 Moscow, Russia
| | - Natalia Vorobyeva
- N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- State Research Center-Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency (SRC-FMBC), 123098 Moscow, Russia
| | - Andreyan N Osipov
- N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- State Research Center-Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency (SRC-FMBC), 123098 Moscow, Russia
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, 141980 Dubna, Russia
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21
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Jiang B, Zhou X, Yang T, Wang L, Feng L, Wang Z, Xu J, Jing W, Wang T, Su H, Yang G, Zhang Z. The role of autophagy in cardiovascular disease: Cross-interference of signaling pathways and underlying therapeutic targets. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1088575. [PMID: 37063954 PMCID: PMC10090687 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1088575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a conserved lysosomal pathway for the degradation of cytoplasmic proteins and organelles, which realizes the metabolic needs of cells and the renewal of organelles. Autophagy-related genes (ATGs) are the main molecular mechanisms controlling autophagy, and their functions can coordinate the whole autophagic process. Autophagy can also play a role in cardiovascular disease through several key signaling pathways, including PI3K/Akt/mTOR, IGF/EGF, AMPK/mTOR, MAPKs, p53, Nrf2/p62, Wnt/β-catenin and NF-κB pathways. In this paper, we reviewed the signaling pathway of cross-interference between autophagy and cardiovascular diseases, and analyzed the development status of novel cardiovascular disease treatment by targeting the core molecular mechanism of autophagy as well as the critical signaling pathway. Induction or inhibition of autophagy through molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways can provide therapeutic benefits for patients. Meanwhile, we hope to provide a unique insight into cardiovascular treatment strategies by understanding the molecular mechanism and signaling pathway of crosstalk between autophagy and cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Jiang
- Department of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xuan Zhou
- Department of First Clinical Medicine, Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Tao Yang
- Department of Basic Medicine, Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Linlin Wang
- Department of First Clinical Medicine, Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Longfei Feng
- Department of Basic Medicine, Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Department of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jin Xu
- Department of First Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Weiyao Jing
- Department of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Gansu Province Academic Institute for Medical Research, Gansu Provincial Cancer Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Haixiang Su
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Gansu Province Academic Institute for Medical Research, Gansu Provincial Cancer Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - GuoWei Yang
- Center for Heart, First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zheng Zhang
- Department of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
- Center for Heart, First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
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22
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Wang H, Guo M, Wei H, Chen Y. Targeting p53 pathways: mechanisms, structures, and advances in therapy. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:92. [PMID: 36859359 PMCID: PMC9977964 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01347-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 69.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The TP53 tumor suppressor is the most frequently altered gene in human cancers, and has been a major focus of oncology research. The p53 protein is a transcription factor that can activate the expression of multiple target genes and plays critical roles in regulating cell cycle, apoptosis, and genomic stability, and is widely regarded as the "guardian of the genome". Accumulating evidence has shown that p53 also regulates cell metabolism, ferroptosis, tumor microenvironment, autophagy and so on, all of which contribute to tumor suppression. Mutations in TP53 not only impair its tumor suppressor function, but also confer oncogenic properties to p53 mutants. Since p53 is mutated and inactivated in most malignant tumors, it has been a very attractive target for developing new anti-cancer drugs. However, until recently, p53 was considered an "undruggable" target and little progress has been made with p53-targeted therapies. Here, we provide a systematic review of the diverse molecular mechanisms of the p53 signaling pathway and how TP53 mutations impact tumor progression. We also discuss key structural features of the p53 protein and its inactivation by oncogenic mutations. In addition, we review the efforts that have been made in p53-targeted therapies, and discuss the challenges that have been encountered in clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haolan Wang
- Department of Oncology, NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics, Laboratory of Structural Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Ming Guo
- Department of Oncology, NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics, Laboratory of Structural Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Hudie Wei
- Department of Oncology, NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics, Laboratory of Structural Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China.
| | - Yongheng Chen
- Department of Oncology, NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics, Laboratory of Structural Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China.
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23
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Steffens Reinhardt L, Groen K, Newton C, Avery-Kiejda KA. The role of truncated p53 isoforms in the DNA damage response. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2023; 1878:188882. [PMID: 36977456 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.188882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/28/2023]
Abstract
The tumour suppressor p53 is activated following genotoxic stress and regulates the expression of target genes involved in the DNA damage response (DDR). The discovery that p53 isoforms alter the transcription of p53 target genes or p53 protein interactions unveiled an alternative DDR. This review will focus on the role p53 isoforms play in response to DNA damage. The expression of the C-terminally truncated p53 isoforms may be modulated via DNA damage-induced alternative splicing, whereas alternative translation plays an important role in modulating the expression of N-terminally truncated isoforms. The DDR induced by p53 isoforms may enhance the canonical p53 DDR or block cell death mechanisms in a DNA damage- and cell-specific manner, which could contribute to chemoresistance in a cancer context. Thus, a better understanding of the involvement of p53 isoforms in the cell fate decisions could uncover potential therapeutic targets in cancer and other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiza Steffens Reinhardt
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia; Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Kira Groen
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia; Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Cheryl Newton
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia; Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Kelly A Avery-Kiejda
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia; Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia.
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24
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Pakravan S, Hemmati-Dinarvand M, Moghaddasi M, Fathi J, Nowrouzi-Sohrabi P, Hormozi M. Hydroxytyrosol's effect on the expression of apoptosis and oxidative stress related genes in BE (2)-C neuroblastoma cell line. GENE REPORTS 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2023.101750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
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25
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Kaur S, Kurokawa M. Regulation of Oocyte Apoptosis: A View from Gene Knockout Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021345. [PMID: 36674865 PMCID: PMC9861590 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis is a form of programmed cell death that plays a critical role in cellular homeostasis and development, including in the ovarian reserve. In humans, hundreds of thousands of oocytes are produced in the fetal ovary. However, the majority die by apoptosis before birth. After puberty, primordial follicles develop into mature follicles. While only a large dominant follicle is selected to ovulate, smaller ones undergo apoptosis. Despite numerous studies, the mechanism of oocyte death at the molecular level remains elusive. Over the last two and a half decades, many knockout mouse models disrupting key genes in the apoptosis pathway have been generated. In this review, we highlight some of the phenotypes and discuss distinct and overlapping roles of the apoptosis regulators in oocyte death and survival. We also review how the transcription factor p63 and its family members may trigger oocyte apoptosis in response to DNA damage.
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26
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Ginsenoside Rh2 sensitizes the anti-cancer effects of sunitinib by inducing cell cycle arrest in renal cell carcinoma. Sci Rep 2022; 12:19752. [PMID: 36396667 PMCID: PMC9672391 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-20075-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Sunitinib, a VEGF blockade, is used to treat clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). However, the anti-cancer treatment effects of sunitinib do not last long in ccRCC patients. Ginsenoside, a natural medicine extracted from ginseng, has been studied in cancer treatment and shown to have anti-tumor effects and low toxicity. We assessed cell viability and cell cycle analysis in ccRCC cell lines after treatment with ginsenoside and sunitinib. DNA damage was evaluated by measuring 8-OHdG levels and comet assay. ROS levels, reflecting the cause of oxidative stress, were also measured. Ginsenoside significantly enhanced the inhibition of cell viability by sunitinib, a result that was also confirmed in the xenograft model. In cell cycle analysis, combination treatment of ginsenoside and sunitinib enhanced G2M arrest in comparison with single-treatment groups. In addition, DNA damage was increased by ginsenoside and sunitinib according to the comet assay, and the level of 8-OHdG, which reflects oxidative DNA damage, also increased. We verified that ginsenoside enhances the efficacy of sunitinib to inhibit the proliferation of ccRCC cells via induction of oxidative DNA damage. The combination therapy of sunitinib and ginsenoside suggested the possibility of effectively treating ccRCC patients.
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27
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Alterations in the p53 isoform ratio govern breast cancer cell fate in response to DNA damage. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:907. [PMID: 36307393 PMCID: PMC9616954 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05349-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Our previous studies have shown that p53 isoform expression is altered in breast cancer and related to prognosis. In particular, a high ∆40p53:p53α ratio is associated with worse disease-free survival. In this manuscript, the influence of altered Δ40p53 and p53α levels on the response to standard of care DNA-damaging agents used in breast cancer treatment was investigated in vitro. Our results revealed that a high Δ40p53:p53α ratio causes cells to respond differently to doxorubicin and cisplatin treatments. Δ40p53 overexpression significantly impairs the cells' sensitivity to doxorubicin through reducing apoptosis and DNA damage, whereas Δ40p53 knockdown has the opposite effect. Further, a high Δ40p53:p53α ratio inhibited the differential expression of several genes following doxorubicin and promoted DNA repair, impairing the cells' canonical response. Overall, our results suggest that the response of breast cancer cells to standard of care DNA-damaging therapies is dependent on the expression of p53 isoforms, which may contribute to outcomes in breast cancer.
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28
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Lei ZN, Teng QX, Tian Q, Chen W, Xie Y, Wu K, Zeng Q, Zeng L, Pan Y, Chen ZS, He Y. Signaling pathways and therapeutic interventions in gastric cancer. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:358. [PMID: 36209270 PMCID: PMC9547882 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-01190-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) ranks fifth in global cancer diagnosis and fourth in cancer-related death. Despite tremendous progress in diagnosis and therapeutic strategies and significant improvements in patient survival, the low malignancy stage is relatively asymptomatic and many GC cases are diagnosed at advanced stages, which leads to unsatisfactory prognosis and high recurrence rates. With the recent advances in genome analysis, biomarkers have been identified that have clinical importance for GC diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis. Modern molecular classifications have uncovered the vital roles that signaling pathways, including EGFR/HER2, p53, PI3K, immune checkpoint pathways, and cell adhesion signaling molecules, play in GC tumorigenesis, progression, metastasis, and therapeutic responsiveness. These biomarkers and molecular classifications open the way for more precise diagnoses and treatments for GC patients. Nevertheless, the relative significance, temporal activation, interaction with GC risk factors, and crosstalk between these signaling pathways in GC are not well understood. Here, we review the regulatory roles of signaling pathways in GC potential biomarkers, and therapeutic targets with an emphasis on recent discoveries. Current therapies, including signaling-based and immunotherapies exploited in the past decade, and the development of treatment for GC, particularly the challenges in developing precision medications, are discussed. These advances provide a direction for the integration of clinical, molecular, and genomic profiles to improve GC diagnosis and treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Ning Lei
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, Digestive Diseases Center, Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, 518107, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, 11439, USA
| | - Qiu-Xu Teng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, 11439, USA
| | - Qin Tian
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, Digestive Diseases Center, Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, 518107, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, Digestive Diseases Center, Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, 518107, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuhao Xie
- Institute for Biotechnology, St. John's University, Queens, NY, 11439, USA
| | - Kaiming Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, Digestive Diseases Center, Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, 518107, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Qianlin Zeng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, Digestive Diseases Center, Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, 518107, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Leli Zeng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, Digestive Diseases Center, Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, 518107, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
| | - Yihang Pan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, Digestive Diseases Center, Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, 518107, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
| | - Zhe-Sheng Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, 11439, USA.
- Institute for Biotechnology, St. John's University, Queens, NY, 11439, USA.
| | - Yulong He
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, Digestive Diseases Center, Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, 518107, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
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29
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Kumar S, Tchounwou PB. p53 as a unique target of action of cisplatin in acute leukaemia cells. J Cell Mol Med 2022; 26:4727-4739. [PMID: 35946055 PMCID: PMC9443951 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute promyelocytic leukaemia (APL) occurs in approximately 10% of acute myeloid leukaemia patients. Arsenic trioxide (ATO) has been for APL chemotherapy, but recently several ATO‐resistant cases have been reported worldwide. Cisplatin (CDDP) enhances the toxicity of ATO in ovarian, lung cancer, chronic myelogenous leukaemia, and HL‐60 cells. Hence, the goal of this study was to investigate a novel target of CDDP action in APL cells, as an alternate option for the treatment of ATO‐resistant APL patients. We applied biochemical, molecular, confocal microscopy and advanced gene editing (CRISPR‐Cas9) techniques to elucidate the novel target of CDDP action and its functional mechanism in APL cells. Our main findings revealed that CDDP activated p53 in APL cells through stress signals catalysed by ATM and ATR protein kinases, CHK1 and CHK2 phosphorylation at Ser 345 and Thr68 residues, and downregulation and dissociation of MDM2‐DAXX‐HAUSP complex. Our functional studies confirmed that CDDP‐induced repression of MDM2‐DAXX‐HAUSP complex was significantly reversed in both nutilin‐3‐treated KG1a and p53‐knockdown NB4 cells. Our findings also showed that CDDP stimulated an increased number of promyelocytes with dense granules, activated p53 expression, and downregulated MDM2 in liver and bone marrow of APL mice. Principal conclusion of our study highlights a novel mode of action of CDDP targeting p53 expression which may provide a basis for designing new anti‐leukaemic compounds for treatment of APL patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Kumar
- Cellomics and Toxicogenomics Research Laboratory, NIH/NIMHD-RCMI Center for Health Disparities Research, Jackson State University, Jackson, Mississippi, USA.,Department of life Sciences, School of Earth, Biological, and Environmental Sciences, Central University South Bihar, Gaya, India
| | - Paul B Tchounwou
- Cellomics and Toxicogenomics Research Laboratory, NIH/NIMHD-RCMI Center for Health Disparities Research, Jackson State University, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
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30
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RIOK1 mediates p53 degradation and radioresistance in colorectal cancer through phosphorylation of G3BP2. Oncogene 2022; 41:3433-3444. [PMID: 35589951 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-022-02352-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
RIO Kinase 1 (RIOK1) is involved in various pathologies, including cancer. However, the role of RIOK1 in radioresistance of colorectal cancer (CRC) remains largely unknown. In this study, we reported that RIOK1 was overexpressed in rectal cancer tissue with weaker tumor regression after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (neoCRT). Moreover, higher RIOK1 expression predicted a poor prognosis in patients with rectal cancer. Blockade of RIOK1 using Toyocamycin, a pharmacological inhibitor of RIOK1, or by knocking down its expression, decreased the resistance of CRC cells to radiotherapy in vitro and in vivo. A mechanistic study revealed that RIOK1 regulates radioresistance by suppressing the p53 signaling pathway. Furthermore, we found that RIOK1 and Ras-GAP SH3 domain binding protein 2 (G3BP2) interact with each other. RIOK1 phosphorylates G3BP2 at Thr226, which increases the activity of G3BP2. RIOK1-mediated phosphorylation of G3BP2 facilitated ubiquitination of p53 by murine double minute 2 protein (MDM2). Altogether, our study revealed the clinical significance of RIOK1 in CRC, and therapies targeting RIOK1 might alleviate the CRC tumor burden in patients.
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Xie K, Tan K, Naylor MJ. Transcription Factors as Novel Therapeutic Targets and Drivers of Prostate Cancer Progression. Front Oncol 2022; 12:854151. [PMID: 35547880 PMCID: PMC9082354 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.854151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the second most diagnosed cancer among men worldwide. Androgen deprivation therapy, the most common targeted therapeutic option, is circumvented as prostate cancer progresses from androgen dependent to castrate-resistant disease. Whilst the nuclear receptor transcription factor, androgen receptor, drives the growth of prostate tumor during initial stage of the disease, androgen resistance is associated with poorly differentiated prostate cancer. In the recent years, increased research has highlighted the aberrant transcriptional activities of a small number of transcription factors. Along with androgen receptors, dysregulation of these transcription factors contributes to both the poorly differentiated phenotypes of prostate cancer cells and the initiation and progression of prostate carcinoma. As master regulators of cell fate decisions, these transcription factors may provide opportunity for the development of novel therapeutic targets for the management of prostate cancer. Whilst some transcriptional regulators have previously been notoriously difficult to directly target, technological advances offer potential for the indirect therapeutic targeting of these transcription factors and the capacity to reprogram cancer cell phenotype. This mini review will discuss how recent advances in our understanding of transcriptional regulators and material science pave the way to utilize these regulatory molecules as therapeutic targets in prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangzhe Xie
- Charles Perkins Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine & Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Keely Tan
- Charles Perkins Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine & Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Matthew J Naylor
- Charles Perkins Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine & Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Tashiro R, Sugiyama H. Photoreaction of DNA Containing 5-Halouracil and its Products. Photochem Photobiol 2022; 98:532-545. [PMID: 34543451 PMCID: PMC9197447 DOI: 10.1111/php.13521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
5-Halouracil, which is a DNA base analog in which the methyl group at the C5 position of thymine is replaced with a halogen atom, has been used in studies of DNA damage. In DNA strands, the uracil radical generated from 5-halouracil causes DNA damage via a hydrogen-abstraction reaction. We analyzed the photoreaction of 5-halouracil in various DNA structures and revealed that the reaction is DNA structure-dependent. In this review, we summarize the results of the analysis of the reactivity of 5-halouracil in various DNA local structures. Among the 5-halouracil molecules, 5-bromouracil has been used as a probe in the analysis of photoinduced electron transfer through DNA. The analysis of groove-binder/DNA and protein/DNA complexes using a 5-bromouracil-based electron transfer system is also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryu Tashiro
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Suzuka University of Medical Science, 3500-3 Minamitamagaki-Cyo, Suzuka, Mie, 513-8670, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Sugiyama
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Science (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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Xie J, Zhang L, Liu B, Liang X, Shi J. Single-cell analysis of p53 transitional dynamics unravels stimulus- and cell type-dependent signaling output motifs. BMC Biol 2022; 20:85. [PMID: 35410287 PMCID: PMC9004066 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-022-01290-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To understand functional changes of complex biological networks, mathematical modeling of network topologies provides a quantitative measure of the way biological systems adapt to external stimuli. However, systemic network topology-based analysis often generates conflicting evidence depending on specific experimental conditions, leading to a limited mechanistic understanding of signaling networks and their differential dynamic outputs, an example of which is the regulation of p53 pathway responses to different stress stimuli and in variable mammalian cell types. Here, we employ a network motif approach to dissect key regulatory units of the p53 pathway and elucidate how network activities at the motif level generate context-specific dynamic responses. Results By combining single-cell imaging and mathematical modeling of dose-dependent p53 dynamics induced by three chemotherapeutics of distinct mechanism-of-actions, including Etoposide, Nutlin-3a and 5-fluorouracil, and in five cancer cell types, we uncovered novel and highly variable p53 dynamic responses, in particular p53 transitional dynamics induced at intermediate drug concentrations, and identified the functional roles of distinct positive and negative feedback motifs of the p53 pathway in modulating the central p53-Mdm2 negative feedback to generate stimulus- and cell type-specific signaling responses. The mechanistic understanding of p53 network dynamics also revealed previously unknown mediators of anticancer drug actions and phenotypic variations in cancer cells that impact drug sensitivity. Conclusions Our results demonstrate that transitional dynamics of signaling proteins such as p53, activated at intermediate stimulus levels, vary the most between the dynamic outputs of different generic network motifs and can be employed as novel quantitative readouts to uncover and elucidate the key building blocks of large signaling networks. Our findings also provide new insight on drug mediators and phenotypic heterogeneity that underlie differential drug responses. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12915-022-01290-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Xie
- Center for Quantitative Systems Biology, Department of Physics and Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, 224 Waterloo Road, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Lichun Zhang
- Center for Quantitative Systems Biology, Department of Physics and Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, 224 Waterloo Road, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Bodong Liu
- Center for Quantitative Systems Biology, Department of Physics and Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, 224 Waterloo Road, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiao Liang
- Center for Quantitative Systems Biology, Department of Physics and Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, 224 Waterloo Road, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jue Shi
- Center for Quantitative Systems Biology, Department of Physics and Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, 224 Waterloo Road, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
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Georgiou M, Ntavelou P, Stokes W, Roy R, Maher GJ, Stoilova T, Rakhit CP, Martins M, Ajuh P, Horowitz N, Berkowitz RS, Elias K, Seckl MJ, Pardo OE. ATR and CDK4/6 inhibition target the growth of methotrexate-resistant choriocarcinoma. Oncogene 2022; 41:2540-2554. [PMID: 35301407 PMCID: PMC9054653 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-022-02251-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Low-risk gestational trophoblastic neoplasia including choriocarcinoma is often effectively treated with Methotrexate (MTX) as a first line therapy. However, MTX resistance (MTX-R) occurs in at least ≈33% of cases. This can sometimes be salvaged with actinomycin-D but often requires more toxic combination chemotherapy. Moreover, additional therapy may be needed and, for high-risk patients, 5% still die from the multidrug-resistant disease. Consequently, new treatments that are less toxic and could reverse MTX-R are needed. Here, we compared the proteome/phosphoproteome of MTX-resistant and sensitive choriocarcinoma cells using quantitative mass-spectrometry to identify therapeutically actionable molecular changes associated with MTX-R. Bioinformatics analysis of the proteomic data identified cell cycle and DNA damage repair as major pathways associated with MTX-R. MTX-R choriocarcinoma cells undergo cell cycle delay in G1 phase that enables them to repair DNA damage more efficiently through non-homologous end joining in an ATR-dependent manner. Increased expression of cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4) and loss of p16Ink4a in resistant cells suggested that CDK4 inhibition may be a strategy to treat MTX-R choriocarcinoma. Indeed, inhibition of CDK4/6 using genetic silencing or the clinically relevant inhibitor, Palbociclib, induced growth inhibition both in vitro and in an orthotopic in vivo mouse model. Finally, targeting the ATR pathway, genetically or pharmacologically, re-sensitised resistant cells to MTX in vitro and potently prevented the growth of MTX-R tumours in vivo. In short, we identified two novel therapeutic strategies to tackle MTX-R choriocarcinoma that could rapidly be translated into the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Georgiou
- Division of Cancer, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Panagiota Ntavelou
- Division of Cancer, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - William Stokes
- Division of Cancer, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Rajat Roy
- Division of Cancer, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Geoffrey J Maher
- Division of Cancer, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Tsvetana Stoilova
- Division of Cancer, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College, London, UK
| | | | - Miguel Martins
- MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Neil Horowitz
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ross S Berkowitz
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kevin Elias
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael J Seckl
- Division of Cancer, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College, London, UK.
| | - Olivier E Pardo
- Division of Cancer, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College, London, UK.
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Rapid recruitment of p53 to DNA damage sites directs DNA repair choice and integrity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2113233119. [PMID: 35235448 PMCID: PMC8915893 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2113233119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Our work focuses on the critical longstanding question of the nontranscriptional role of p53 in tumor suppression. We demonstrate here that poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP)–dependent modification of p53 enables rapid recruitment of p53 to damage sites, where it in turn directs early repair pathway selection. Specifically, p53-mediated recruitment of 53BP1 at early time points promotes nonhomologous end joining over the more error-prone microhomology end-joining. Similarly, p53 directs nucleotide excision repair by mediating DDB1 recruitment. This property of p53 also correlates with tumor suppression in vivo. Our study provides mechanistic insight into how certain transcriptionally deficient p53 mutants may retain tumor-suppressive functions through regulating the DNA damage response. p53 is primarily known as a downstream transcriptional effector in the DNA damage-response cascade. We report that endogenous p53 rapidly accumulates at DNA damage sites within 2 s of UVA microirradiation. The kinetics of p53 recruitment mimics those of known DNA damage-response proteins, such as Ku70 and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), and precedes recruitment of Nbs1, 53BP1, and DDB1. Mutations in the DNA-binding and C-terminal domains significantly suppress this rapid recruitment. The C-terminal domain of p53 contains key residues for PARP interaction that are required for rapid recruitment of p53 to DNA damage sites, as is PARP-dependent modification. The presence of p53 at damage sites influences the recruitment kinetics of 53BP1 and DDB1 and directs the choice of nonhomologous end joining repair (NHEJ) and nucleotide excision repair. Mutations that suppressed rapid recruitment of p53 promoted error-prone alternative end-joining (alt-NHEJ) and inhibited nucleotide excision repair. Our finding that p53 is a critical early responder to DNA damage stands in contrast with its extensively studied role as a downstream transcriptional regulator in DNA damage repair. We highlight an unrecognized role of p53 in directing DNA repair dynamics and integrity and suggest a parallel mode of p53 tumor suppression apart from its function as a transcription factor.
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Abstract
FLASH radiotherapy is a novel technique that has been shown in numerous preclinical in vivo studies to have the potential to be the next important improvement in cancer treatment. However, the biological mechanisms responsible for the selective FLASH sparing effect of normal tissues are not yet known. An optimal translation of FLASH radiotherapy into the clinic would require a good understanding of the specific beam parameters that induces a FLASH effect, environmental conditions affecting the response, and the radiobiological mechanisms involved. Even though the FLASH effect has generally been considered as an in vivo effect, studies finding these answers would be difficult and ethically challenging to carry out solely in animals. Hence, suitable in vitro studies aimed towards finding these answers are needed. In this review, we describe and summarise several in vitro assays that have been used or could be used to finally elucidate the mechanisms behind the FLASH effect.
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Duan L, Perez RE, Calhoun S, Maki CG. RBL2/DREAM-mediated repression of the Aurora kinase A/B pathway determines therapy responsiveness and outcome in p53 WT NSCLC. Sci Rep 2022; 12:1049. [PMID: 35058503 PMCID: PMC8776870 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-05013-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Wild-type p53 is a stress-responsive transcription factor and potent tumor suppressor. P53 activates or represses genes involved in cell cycle progression or apoptosis in order to arrest the cell cycle or induce cell death. Transcription repression by p53 is indirect and requires repressive members of the RB-family (RB1, RBL1, RBL2) and formation of repressor complexes of RB1-E2F and RBL1/RBL2-DREAM. Many aurora kinase A/B (AURKA/B) pathway genes are repressed in a p53-DREAM-dependent manner. We found heightened expression of RBL2 and reduced expression of AURKA/B pathway genes is associated with improved outcomes in p53 wild-type but not p53 mutant non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. Knockdown of p53, RBL2, or the DREAM component LIN37 increased AURKA/B pathway gene expression and reduced paclitaxel and radiation toxicity in NSCLC cells. In contrast, pharmacologic inhibition of AURKA/B or knockdown of AURKA/B pathway components increased paclitaxel and IR sensitivity. The results support a model in which p53-RBL2-DREAM-mediated repression of the AURKA/B pathway contributes to tumor suppression, improved tumor therapy responses, and better outcomes in p53 wild-type NSCLCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Duan
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Rush University Medical Center, 600 S. Paulina Ave, AcFac 507, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA. .,Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
| | - Ricardo E Perez
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sarah Calhoun
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Rush University Medical Center, 600 S. Paulina Ave, AcFac 507, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.,Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Carl G Maki
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Rush University Medical Center, 600 S. Paulina Ave, AcFac 507, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA. .,Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
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Kato T, Liu N, Morinaga H, Asakawa K, Muraguchi T, Muroyama Y, Shimokawa M, Matsumura H, Nishimori Y, Tan LJ, Hayano M, Sinclair DA, Mohri Y, Nishimura EK. Dynamic stem cell selection safeguards the genomic integrity of the epidermis. Dev Cell 2021; 56:3309-3320.e5. [PMID: 34932948 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2021.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Maintaining genomic integrity and stability is crucial for life; yet, no tissue-driven mechanism that robustly safeguards the epithelial genome has been discovered. Epidermal stem cells (EpiSCs) continuously replenish the stratified layers of keratinocytes that protect organisms against various environmental stresses. To study the dynamics of DNA-damaged cells in tissues, we devised an in vivo fate tracing system for EpiSCs with DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) and demonstrated that those cells exit from their niches. The clearance of EpiSCs with DSBs is caused by selective differentiation and delamination through the DNA damage response (DDR)-p53-Notch/p21 axis, with the downregulation of ITGB1. Moreover, concomitant enhancement of symmetric cell divisions of surrounding stem cells indicates that the selective elimination of cells with DSBs is coupled with the augmented clonal expansion of intact stem cells. These data collectively demonstrate that tissue autonomy through the dynamic coupling of cell-autonomous and non-cell-autonomous mechanisms coordinately maintains the genomic quality of the epidermis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoki Kato
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Nan Liu
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Hironobu Morinaga
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Kyosuke Asakawa
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan; Division of Aging and Regeneration, Institute of Medical Science, the University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Taichi Muraguchi
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Yuko Muroyama
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Mariko Shimokawa
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Matsumura
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Yuriko Nishimori
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Li Jing Tan
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Motoshi Hayano
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Paul F. Glenn Center for Biology of Aging Research, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan; Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - David A Sinclair
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Paul F. Glenn Center for Biology of Aging Research, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Laboratory for Ageing Research, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Yasuaki Mohri
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan; Division of Aging and Regeneration, Institute of Medical Science, the University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Emi K Nishimura
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan; Division of Aging and Regeneration, Institute of Medical Science, the University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan.
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Delineating the Switch between Senescence and Apoptosis in Cervical Cancer Cells under Ciclopirox Treatment. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13194995. [PMID: 34638479 PMCID: PMC8508512 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13194995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Novel treatment options for cervical cancer are urgently required. Ciclopirox (CPX), an iron chelator, has shown promising anti-tumorigenic potential in several preclinical tumor models, including cervical cancer cells. In these cells, CPX can induce apoptosis, a form of cell death, or senescence, an irreversible cellular growth arrest. These different phenotypic outcomes may influence therapy response. Here, we show that the decision of cervical cancer cells to induce apoptosis or senescence is strongly dependent on glucose availability: CPX induces apoptosis under limited glucose availability, whereas under increased glucose supply, CPX treatment results in senescence. Further, we link the pro-apoptotic and pro-senescent activities of CPX to its capacity to block oxidative phosphorylation and to chelate iron, respectively. In addition, we show that the combined treatment of CPX and glycolysis inhibitors blocks the proliferation of cervical cancer cells in a synergistic manner. Collectively, we provide novel insights into the anti-proliferative activities of CPX in cervical cancer cells, elucidate the cellular decision between apoptosis or senescence induction, and provide a rationale to combine CPX with glycolysis inhibitors. Abstract The iron-chelating drug ciclopirox (CPX) may possess therapeutic potential for cancer treatment, including cervical cancer. As is observed for other chemotherapeutic drugs, CPX can induce senescence or apoptosis in cervical cancer cells which could differently affect their therapy response. The present study aims to gain insights into the determinants which govern the switch between senescence and apoptosis in cervical cancer cells. We performed proteome analyses, proliferation studies by live-cell imaging and colony formation assays, senescence and apoptosis assays, and combination treatments of CPX with inhibitors of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) or glycolysis. We found that CPX downregulates OXPHOS factors and facilitates the induction of apoptosis under limited glucose availability, an effect which is shared by classical OXPHOS inhibitors. Under increased glucose availability, however, CPX-induced apoptosis is prevented and senescence is induced, an activity which is not exerted by classical OXPHOS inhibitors, but by other iron chelators. Moreover, we show that the combination of CPX with glycolysis inhibitors blocks cervical cancer proliferation in a synergistic manner. Collectively, our results reveal that the phenotypic response of cervical cancer cells towards CPX is strongly dependent on glucose availability, link the pro-apoptotic and pro-senescent activities of CPX to its bifunctionality as an OXPHOS inhibitor and iron chelator, respectively, and provide a rationale for combining CPX with glycolysis inhibitors.
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Tatsuda D, Amemiya M, Sawa R, Momose I, Kawada M. Quinofuracins F - I, new quinofuracin derivatives produced by Staphylotrichum boninense PF1444. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2021; 74:758-762. [PMID: 34326482 DOI: 10.1038/s41429-021-00452-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Four new quinofuracins F - I were isolated from the culture broth of Staphylotrichum boninense PF1444. The structures of quinofuracins F - I were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analysis. These quinofuracins induced tumor suppressor protein p53-dependent cell death in human glioblastoma LNZTA3 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Tatsuda
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), Tokyo, Shinagawa-ku, Japan
| | - Masahide Amemiya
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), Tokyo, Shinagawa-ku, Japan
| | - Ryuichi Sawa
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), Tokyo, Shinagawa-ku, Japan
| | - Isao Momose
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), Numazu, Numazu-shi, Shizuoka, Japan.
| | - Manabu Kawada
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), Tokyo, Shinagawa-ku, Japan
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Akter R, Rahman MH, Kaushik D, Mittal V, Uivarosan D, Nechifor AC, Behl T, Karthika C, Stoicescu M, Munteanu MA, Bustea C, Bungau S. Chemo-Preventive Action of Resveratrol: Suppression of p53-A Molecular Targeting Approach. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26175325. [PMID: 34500758 PMCID: PMC8433711 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26175325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Extensive experimental, clinical, and epidemiological evidence has explained and proven that products of natural origin are significantly important in preventing and/or ameliorating various disorders, including different types of cancer that researchers are extremely focused on. Among these studies on natural active substances, one can distinguish the emphasis on resveratrol and its properties, especially the potential anticancer role. Resveratrol is a natural product proven for its therapeutic activity, with remarkable anti-inflammatory properties. Various other benefits/actions have also been reported, such as cardioprotective, anti-ageing, antioxidant, etc. and its rapid digestion/absorption as well. This review aims to collect and present the latest published studies on resveratrol and its impact on cancer prevention, molecular signals (especially p53 protein participation), and its therapeutic prospects. The most recent information regarding the healing action of resveratrol is presented and concentrated to create an updated database focused on this topic presented above.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rokeya Akter
- Department of Pharmacy, Jagannath University, Sadarghat, Dhaka 1100, Bangladesh;
- Department of Global Medical Science, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju 26426, Korea
| | - Md. Habibur Rahman
- Department of Global Medical Science, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju 26426, Korea
- Department of Pharmacy, Southeast University, Banani, Dhaka 1213, Bangladesh
- Correspondence: (M.H.R.); (S.B.)
| | - Deepak Kaushik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak 124001, India; (D.K.); (V.M.)
| | - Vineet Mittal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak 124001, India; (D.K.); (V.M.)
| | - Diana Uivarosan
- Department of Preclinical Disciplines, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410073 Oradea, Romania;
| | - Aurelia Cristina Nechifor
- Analytical Chemistry and Environmental Engineering Department, Polytechnic University of Bucharest, 011061 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Tapan Behl
- Department of Pharmacology, Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab 140401, India;
| | - Chenmala Karthika
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Ooty 643001, India;
| | - Manuela Stoicescu
- Department of Medical Disciplines, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410073 Oradea, Romania; (M.S.); (M.A.M.); (C.B.)
| | - Mihai Alexandru Munteanu
- Department of Medical Disciplines, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410073 Oradea, Romania; (M.S.); (M.A.M.); (C.B.)
| | - Cristiana Bustea
- Department of Medical Disciplines, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410073 Oradea, Romania; (M.S.); (M.A.M.); (C.B.)
| | - Simona Bungau
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410028 Oradea, Romania
- Doctoral School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, University of Oradea, 410087 Oradea, Romania
- Correspondence: (M.H.R.); (S.B.)
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Beta-Genus Human Papillomavirus 8 E6 Destabilizes the Host Genome by Promoting p300 Degradation. Viruses 2021; 13:v13081662. [PMID: 34452526 PMCID: PMC8402844 DOI: 10.3390/v13081662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The beta genus of human papillomaviruses infects cutaneous keratinocytes. Their replication depends on actively proliferating cells and, thus, they conflict with the cellular response to the DNA damage frequently encountered by these cells. This review focus on one of these viruses (HPV8) that counters the cellular response to damaged DNA and mitotic errors by expressing a protein (HPV8 E6) that destabilizes a histone acetyltransferase, p300. The loss of p300 results in broad dysregulation of cell signaling that decreases genome stability. In addition to discussing phenotypes caused by p300 destabilization, the review contains a discussion of the extent to which E6 from other β-HPVs destabilizes p300, and provides a discussion on dissecting HPV8 E6 biology using mutants.
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Samra YA, Abdelghany AM, Zaghloul RA. Polydatin gold nanoparticles potentiate antitumor effect of doxorubicin in Ehrlich ascites carcinoma-bearing mice. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2021; 35:e22869. [PMID: 34339076 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is a leading cause of death. Anticancer treatment such as gold nanoparticles (AuNP) seems highly promising in this regard. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the beneficial effect of doxorubicin (Dox) and polydatin (PD) AuNP in Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) and the ability of PD-AuNP to protect the heart from Dox's deteriorating effects. EAC was induced in mice. The mice were divided into nine groups: normal, EAC, PD: received PD (20 mg/kg), Dox: received Dox (2 mg/kg), PD-AuNPH: received 10 ppm AuNP of PD, PD-AuNPL: received 5 ppm AuNP of PD, Dox-AuNP: received Dox-AuNP, PD-Dox-AuNP: received PD-Dox-AuNP, AuNP: received AuNP. On the 21st day from tumor inoculation, the mice were sacrificed and tumor and heart tissues were removed. Tumor β-catenin/Cyclin D1 and p53 were assessed by immunohistochemistry. IL-6 was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. PD-AuNP and Dox-AuNP showed a significant reduction in tumor volume and weight more than their free forms. Also, PD-AuNP and Dox-AuNP showed markedly less dense tumor cells. β-catenin and Cyclin D1 were markedly decreased and p53 was highly upregulated by PD-AuNP and Dox-AuNP. Moreover, PD-AuNP and Dox-AuNP have the ability to decrease IL-6 production. PD-AuNP protected the heart from Dox-induced severe degeneration. Therefore, PD-AuNP could be a tool to decelerate the progression of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yara A Samra
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Amr M Abdelghany
- Department of Spectroscopy, Physics Division, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt.,Basic Science Department, Horus University, New Damietta, Damietta, Egypt
| | - Randa A Zaghloul
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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Ethnicity-stratified analysis of the association between P53 rs1042522 polymorphism and women HPV infection: A meta-analysis. Microb Pathog 2021; 161:105099. [PMID: 34284087 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2021.105099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, especially persistent high risk HPV infection stands as the leading reason for cervical cancer morbidity. P53 protein can activate multiple tumor suppressor genes, leading to cervical cancer progression. In recent years, the relationship between P53 gene rs1042522 polymorphism and HPV infection has been investigated. However, their conclusions were contradictory and ambiguous. OBJECTIVES The present meta-analysis is to estimate whether P53 rs1042522 polymorphism confers risk to HPV infection in cervical specimens. METHODS Relevant literatures were searched by searching databases including Pubmed, Embase, the Cochrane library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI). Search time is from database foundation to January 2021. RESULTS Eight literatures were enrolled in the present meta-analysis. Positive finding between HPV infection of cervical specimens and P53 rs1042522 polymorphism was found in Brazilian population by allele contrast (Pro versus. Arg: OR = 0.52, 95%CI = 0.35-0.79), homozygote comparison (Pro/Pro versus. Arg/Arg: OR = 0.43, 95%CI = 0.20-0.94), and dominate genetic model (Pro/Pro + Arg/Pro versus. Arg/Arg: OR = 0.29, 95%CI = 0.09-0.93). The similar phenomenon was also found in Arabian population. CONCLUSION We conclude that P53 rs1042522 polymorphism contributed a decreased risk to HPV infection in Brazilian and Arabian population.
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Ferracchiato S, Di-Iacovo N, Scopetti D, Piobbico D, Castelli M, Pieroni S, Gargaro M, Manni G, Brancorsini S, Della-Fazia MA, Servillo G. Hops/Tmub1 Heterozygous Mouse Shows Haploinsufficiency Effect in Influencing p53-Mediated Apoptosis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22137186. [PMID: 34281239 PMCID: PMC8269437 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22137186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
HOPS is a ubiquitin-like protein implicated in many aspects of cellular function including the regulation of mitotic activity, proliferation, and cellular stress responses. In this study, we focused on the complex relationship between HOPS and the tumor suppressor p53, investigating both transcriptional and non-transcriptional p53 responses. Here, we demonstrated that Hops heterozygous mice and mouse embryonic fibroblasts exhibit an impaired DNA-damage response to etoposide-induced double-strand breaks when compared to wild-type genes. Specifically, alterations in HOPS levels caused significant defects in the induction of apoptosis, including a reduction in p53 protein level and percentage of apoptotic cells. We also analyzed the effect of reduced HOPS levels on the DNA-damage response by examining the transcript profiles of p53-dependent genes, showing a suggestive deregulation of the mRNA levels for a number of p53-dependent genes. Taken together, these results show an interesting haploinsufficiency effect mediated by Hops monoallelic deletion, which appears to be enough to destabilize the p53 protein and its functions. Finally, these data indicate a novel role for Hops as a tumor-suppressor gene in DNA damage repair in mammalian cells.
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p53/p73 Protein Network in Colorectal Cancer and Other Human Malignancies. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13122885. [PMID: 34207603 PMCID: PMC8227208 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13122885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The p53 family of proteins comprises p53, p63, and p73, which share high structural and functional similarity. The two distinct promoters of each locus, the alternative splicing, and the alternative translation initiation sites enable the generation of numerous isoforms with different protein-interacting domains and distinct activities. The co-expressed p53/p73 isoforms have significant but distinct roles in carcinogenesis. Their activity is frequently impaired in human tumors including colorectal carcinoma due to dysregulated expression and a dominant-negative effect accomplished by some isoforms and p53 mutants. The interactions between isoforms are particularly important to understand the onset of tumor formation, progression, and therapeutic response. The understanding of the p53/p73 network can contribute to the development of new targeted therapies. Abstract The p53 tumor suppressor protein is crucial for cell growth control and the maintenance of genomic stability. Later discovered, p63 and p73 share structural and functional similarity with p53. To understand the p53 pathways more profoundly, all family members should be considered. Each family member possesses two promoters and alternative translation initiation sites, and they undergo alternative splicing, generating multiple isoforms. The resulting isoforms have important roles in carcinogenesis, while their expression is dysregulated in several human tumors including colorectal carcinoma, which makes them potential targets in cancer treatment. Their activities arise, at least in part, from the ability to form tetramers that bind to specific DNA sequences and activate the transcription of target genes. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the biological activities and regulation of the p53/p73 isoforms, highlighting their role in colorectal tumorigenesis. The analysis of the expression patterns of the p53/p73 isoforms in human cancers provides an important step in the improvement of cancer therapy. Furthermore, the interactions among the p53 family members which could modulate normal functions of the canonical p53 in tumor tissue are described. Lastly, we emphasize the importance of clinical studies to assess the significance of combining the deregulation of different members of the p53 family to define the outcome of the disease.
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Revisiting ageless antiques; synthesis, biological evaluation, docking simulation and mechanistic insights of 1,4-Dihydropyridines as anticancer agents. Bioorg Chem 2021; 114:105054. [PMID: 34146919 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.105054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The historic DHP nucleus was serendipitously discovered by Arthur Hantzsch about 130 years ago and is still considered a hidden treasure for various pharmacological activities. Twenty-one DHP analogues were synthesized using the expedient one pot Hantzsch synthesis for screening as anticancer agents. Initially, the in vitro anti-proliferative single dose against a panel of 18 cancer cell lines showed that compounds 11b and 8f were the superlative candidates regarding their antitumor effect (GI% mean = 66.40% and 50.42%, correspondingly) compared to cisplatin (GI% mean = 65.58%) and doxorubicin (GI% mean = 74.56%). Remarkably, compound 11b showed a remarkable MDA-MB-468 anticancer activity (GI%=80.81%), higher than cisplatin (64.44%) and doxorubicin (76.72%), as well as strong antitumor activity against lung cancer A549 (GI%= 83.02%), more powerful than both cisplatin and doxorubicin. Compound 11b exhibited an exceptional anticancer activity against lung cancer cell line (A549) as its GI50 in nanomolar was (540 nM) with a 9-fold increase greater than cisplatin (GI50 = 4.93 µM) and with a selectivity index = 131 to cancer cells over normal cells. Further mechanistic investigations proved that DHPs anticipate simultaneously TOPI and RTKs (VEGFR-2, HER-2 and BTK) which can stimulate BAX/BAK and the executioner caspases via rtPCR studies.
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Replication stress promotes cell elimination by extrusion. Nature 2021; 593:591-596. [PMID: 33953402 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-03526-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Cell extrusion is a mechanism of cell elimination that is used by organisms as diverse as sponges, nematodes, insects and mammals1-3. During extrusion, a cell detaches from a layer of surrounding cells while maintaining the continuity of that layer4. Vertebrate epithelial tissues primarily eliminate cells by extrusion, and the dysregulation of cell extrusion has been linked to epithelial diseases, including cancer1,5. The mechanisms that drive cell extrusion remain incompletely understood. Here, to analyse cell extrusion by Caenorhabditis elegans embryos3, we conducted a genome-wide RNA interference screen, identified multiple cell-cycle genes with S-phase-specific function, and performed live-imaging experiments to establish how those genes control extrusion. Extruding cells experience replication stress during S phase and activate a replication-stress response via homologues of ATR and CHK1. Preventing S-phase entry, inhibiting the replication-stress response, or allowing completion of the cell cycle blocked cell extrusion. Hydroxyurea-induced replication stress6,7 triggered ATR-CHK1- and p53-dependent cell extrusion from a mammalian epithelial monolayer. We conclude that cell extrusion induced by replication stress is conserved among animals and propose that this extrusion process is a primordial mechanism of cell elimination with a tumour-suppressive function in mammals.
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Zhang Y, Xu C, Ye Q, Tong L, Jiang H, Zhu X, Huang L, Lin W, Fu H, Wang J, Persson PB, Lai EY, Mao J. Podocyte apoptosis in diabetic nephropathy by BASP1 activation of the p53 pathway via WT1. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2021; 232:e13634. [PMID: 33615732 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a leading cause of end-stage renal disease. BASP1 (brain acid-soluble protein) is up-regulated in podocyte-specific protein phosphatase 2A knockout mice (Pod-PP2A-KO) that develop kidney dysfunction. Here, we explore the role of BASP1 for podocytes in DN. METHODS BASP1 was assessed in kidneys from DN patients and DN mouse models, podocyte specific BASP1 knockout mice (Pod-BASP1-KO mice) were generated and studied in vivo. Furthermore, podocyte injury and apoptosis were measured after BASP1 knockdown and overexpression in a mouse podocyte cell line (MPC5). Potential signalling pathways involved in podocyte apoptosis were detected. RESULTS BASP1 expression was up-regulated in DN patients compared to normal controls. BASP1 specific deletion in podocytes protected against podocyte injury by reducing the loss of expression of slit diaphragm molecules and foot process effacement in the DN model. BASP1 promoted actin cytoskeleton rearrangements and apoptosis in the MPC5 podocyte line. Molecules involved in the p53 pathway were down-regulated in BASP1 knockdown podocytes treated with high glucose compared to controls. BASP1 promoted podocyte apoptosis and P53 pathway activation through co-repression with Wilms' tumour 1 transcription factor (WT1). CONCLUSION BASP1 activates the p53 pathway through modulation of WT1 to induce podocyte apoptosis in diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Zhang
- Department of Nephrology The Children Hospital of Zhejiang University School of MedicineNational Clinical Research Center for Child HealthNational Children’s Regional Medical Center Hangzhou China
| | - Chengxian Xu
- Department of Nephrology The Children Hospital of Zhejiang University School of MedicineNational Clinical Research Center for Child HealthNational Children’s Regional Medical Center Hangzhou China
| | - Qing Ye
- Department of Nephrology The Children Hospital of Zhejiang University School of MedicineNational Clinical Research Center for Child HealthNational Children’s Regional Medical Center Hangzhou China
| | - Lingxiao Tong
- Department of Nephrology The Children Hospital of Zhejiang University School of MedicineNational Clinical Research Center for Child HealthNational Children’s Regional Medical Center Hangzhou China
| | - Hong Jiang
- Kidney Disease Center The First Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou China
| | - Xiujuan Zhu
- Department of Nephrology The Children Hospital of Zhejiang University School of MedicineNational Clinical Research Center for Child HealthNational Children’s Regional Medical Center Hangzhou China
| | - Limin Huang
- Department of Nephrology The Children Hospital of Zhejiang University School of MedicineNational Clinical Research Center for Child HealthNational Children’s Regional Medical Center Hangzhou China
| | - Weiqiang Lin
- Institute of Translational Medicine Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou China
| | - Haidong Fu
- Department of Nephrology The Children Hospital of Zhejiang University School of MedicineNational Clinical Research Center for Child HealthNational Children’s Regional Medical Center Hangzhou China
| | - Jingjing Wang
- Department of Nephrology The Children Hospital of Zhejiang University School of MedicineNational Clinical Research Center for Child HealthNational Children’s Regional Medical Center Hangzhou China
| | - Pontus B. Persson
- Institute of Vegetative Physiology Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlincorporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt‐Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health Berlin Germany
| | - En Yin Lai
- Kidney Disease Center The First Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou China
- Institute of Vegetative Physiology Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlincorporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt‐Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health Berlin Germany
- Department of Physiology Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou China
| | - Jianhua Mao
- Department of Nephrology The Children Hospital of Zhejiang University School of MedicineNational Clinical Research Center for Child HealthNational Children’s Regional Medical Center Hangzhou China
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Yang J, Yan F, Liu H. Dynamic behavior of the p53-Mdm2 core module under the action of drug Nutlin and dual delays. MATHEMATICAL BIOSCIENCES AND ENGINEERING : MBE 2021; 18:3448-3468. [PMID: 34198395 DOI: 10.3934/mbe.2021173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Nutlin is a family of p53-targeting drugs. It is able to bind to Mdm2, thereby accelerate the accumulation of p53 that is a prominent tumor suppressor. An integrated module of the Nutlin PBK and p53 pathway is composed of positive feedback mediated by Mdm2 mRNA as well as the drug Nutlin and negative feedback mediated by Mdm2 protein. The main research content of our paper is how the time delay of protein synthesis, response time delay of Nutlin drug, the degradation rate of Mdm2, the degradation rate of p53 depended on Mdm2 and the actual dose of Nutlin in the cell affect the oscillatory behavior caused by Hopf bifurcation in the integrated network system of Nutlin PBK and p53 pathways. The stability of the unique positive equilibrium point and the existence of Hopf bifurcation are studied by taking the time delays as the bifurcation parameters and applying bifurcation theory. Based on the normal form theory and central manifold theorem, explicit criteria to determine the Hopf bifurcation direction and stability of the bifurcated periodic solution are established. It is found that the time delays and key parameters in the integrated network system of Nutlin PBK and p53 pathways play an important role in the amplitude and period of p53 oscillation according to the results from the numerical simulation and theoretical calculation. These results may provide us with a better understanding of the biological functions of the p53 pathway and some clues for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juenu Yang
- Department of Mathematics, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Fang Yan
- Department of Mathematics, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Haihong Liu
- Department of Mathematics, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, China
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