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Assessment of Cardiotoxicity With Stem Cell-based Strategies. Clin Ther 2020; 42:1892-1910. [PMID: 32938533 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2020.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Adverse cardiovascular drug effects pose a substantial medical risk and represent a common cause of drug withdrawal from the market. Thus, current in vitro assays and in vivo animal models still have shortcomings in assessing cardiotoxicity. A human model for more accurate preclinical cardiotoxicity assessment is highly desirable. Current differentiation protocols allow for the generation of human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes in basically unlimited numbers and offer the opportunity to study drug effects on human cardiomyocytes. The purpose of this review is to provide a brief overview of the current approaches to translate studies with pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes from basic science to preclinical risk assessment. METHODS A review of the literature was performed to gather data on the pathophysiology of cardiotoxicity, the current cardiotoxicity screening assays, stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes, and their application in cardiotoxicity screening. FINDINGS There is increasing evidence that stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes predict arrhythmogenicity with high accuracy. Cardiomyocyte immaturity represents the major limitation so far. However, strategies are being developed to overcome this hurdle, such as tissue engineering. In addition, stem cell-based strategies offer the possibility to assess structural drug toxicity (eg, by anticancer drugs) on complex models that more closely mirror the structure of the heart and contain endothelial cells and fibroblasts. IMPLICATIONS Pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes have the potential to substantially change how preclinical cardiotoxicity screening is performed. To which extent they will replace or complement current approaches is being evaluated.
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de Korte T, Katili PA, Mohd Yusof NAN, van Meer BJ, Saleem U, Burton FL, Smith GL, Clements P, Mummery CL, Eschenhagen T, Hansen A, Denning C. Unlocking Personalized Biomedicine and Drug Discovery with Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes: Fit for Purpose or Forever Elusive? Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2019; 60:529-551. [PMID: 31506008 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-010919-023309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In recent decades, drug development costs have increased by approximately a hundredfold, and yet about 1 in 7 licensed drugs are withdrawn from the market, often due to cardiotoxicity. This review considers whether technologies using human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) could complement existing assays to improve discovery and safety while reducing socioeconomic costs and assisting with regulatory guidelines on cardiac safety assessments. We draw on lessons from our own work to suggest a panel of 12 drugs that will be useful in testing the suitability of hiPSC-CM platforms to evaluate contractility. We review issues, including maturity versus complexity, consistency, quality, and cost, while considering a potential need to incorporate auxiliary approaches to compensate for limitations in hiPSC-CM technology. We give examples on how coupling hiPSC-CM technologies with Cas9/CRISPR genome engineering is starting to be used to personalize diagnosis, stratify risk, provide mechanistic insights, and identify new pathogenic variants for cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tessa de Korte
- Ncardia, 2333 BD Leiden, The Netherlands.,Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZD Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Puspita A Katili
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, University of Nottingham, NG7 2RD Nottingham, United Kingdom;
| | - Nurul A N Mohd Yusof
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, University of Nottingham, NG7 2RD Nottingham, United Kingdom;
| | - Berend J van Meer
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZD Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Umber Saleem
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Francis L Burton
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, G12 8QQ Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Godfrey L Smith
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, G12 8QQ Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Clements
- David Jack Centre for Research & Development, GlaxoSmithKline, SG12 0DP Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Christine L Mummery
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZD Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas Eschenhagen
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Arne Hansen
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Chris Denning
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, University of Nottingham, NG7 2RD Nottingham, United Kingdom;
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3
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Lind JU, Yadid M, Perkins I, O'Connor BB, Eweje F, Chantre CO, Hemphill MA, Yuan H, Campbell PH, Vlassak JJ, Parker KK. Cardiac microphysiological devices with flexible thin-film sensors for higher-throughput drug screening. LAB ON A CHIP 2017; 17:3692-3703. [PMID: 28976521 PMCID: PMC5810940 DOI: 10.1039/c7lc00740j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Microphysiological systems and organs-on-chips promise to accelerate biomedical and pharmaceutical research by providing accurate in vitro replicas of human tissue. Aside from addressing the physiological accuracy of the model tissues, there is a pressing need for improving the throughput of these platforms. To do so, scalable data acquisition strategies must be introduced. To this end, we here present an instrumented 24-well plate platform for higher-throughput studies of engineered human stem cell-derived cardiac muscle tissues that recapitulate the laminar structure of the native ventricle. In each well of the platform, an embedded flexible strain gauge provides continuous and non-invasive readout of the contractile stress and beat rate of an engineered cardiac tissue. The sensors are based on micro-cracked titanium-gold thin films, which ensure that the sensors are highly compliant and robust. We demonstrate the value of the platform for toxicology and drug-testing purposes by performing 12 complete dose-response studies of cardiac and cardiotoxic drugs. Additionally, we showcase the ability to couple the cardiac tissues with endothelial barriers. In these studies, which mimic the passage of drugs through the blood vessels to the musculature of the heart, we regulate the temporal onset of cardiac drug responses by modulating endothelial barrier permeability in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan U Lind
- Disease Biophysics Group, John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, 29 Oxford St., Pierce Hall 321, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.
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Optimization of protocol design: a path to efficient, lower cost clinical trial execution. Future Sci OA 2016; 2:FSO89. [PMID: 28031939 PMCID: PMC5137936 DOI: 10.4155/fso.15.89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 12/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Managing clinical trials requires strategic planning and efficient execution. In order to achieve a timely delivery of important clinical trials' outcomes, it is useful to establish standardized trial management guidelines and develop robust scoring methodology for evaluation of study protocol complexity. This review will explore the challenges clinical teams face in developing protocols to ensure that the right patients are enrolled and the right data are collected to demonstrate that a drug is safe and efficacious, while managing study costs and study complexity based on proposed comprehensive scoring model. Key factors to consider when developing protocols and techniques to minimize complexity will be discussed. A methodology to identify processes at planning phase, approaches to increase fiscal return and mitigate fiscal compliance risk for clinical trials will be addressed.
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5
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Rajamohan D, Kalra S, Duc Hoang M, George V, Staniforth A, Russell H, Yang X, Denning C. Automated Electrophysiological and Pharmacological Evaluation of Human Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes. Stem Cells Dev 2016; 25:439-52. [PMID: 26906236 PMCID: PMC4790208 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2015.0253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Automated planar patch clamp systems are widely used in drug evaluation studies because of their ability to provide accurate, reliable, and reproducible data in a high-throughput manner. Typically, CHO and HEK tumorigenic cell lines overexpressing single ion channels are used since they can be harvested as high-density, homogenous, single-cell suspensions. While human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hPSC-CMs) are physiologically more relevant, these cells are fragile, have complex culture requirements, are inherently heterogeneous, and are expensive to produce, which has restricted their use on automated patch clamp (APC) devices. Here, we used high efficiency differentiation protocols to produce cardiomyocytes from six different hPSC lines for analysis on the Patchliner (Nanion Technologies GmbH) APC platform. We developed a two-step cell preparation protocol that yielded cell catch rates and whole-cell breakthroughs of ∼80%, with ∼40% of these cells allowing electrical activity to be recorded. The protocol permitted formation of long-lasting (>15 min), high quality seals (>2 GΩ) in both voltage- and current-clamp modes. This enabled density of sodium, calcium, and potassium currents to be evaluated, along with dose–response curves to their respective channel inhibitors, tetrodotoxin, nifedipine, and E-4031. Thus, we show the feasibility of using the Patchliner platform for automated evaluation of the electrophysiology and pharmacology of hPSC-CMs, which will enable considerable increase in throughput for reliable and efficient drug evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Rajamohan
- 1 Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, Wolfson Centre for Stem Cells, Tissue Engineering & Modelling, University of Nottingham , Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Spandan Kalra
- 1 Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, Wolfson Centre for Stem Cells, Tissue Engineering & Modelling, University of Nottingham , Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Minh Duc Hoang
- 1 Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, Wolfson Centre for Stem Cells, Tissue Engineering & Modelling, University of Nottingham , Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Vinoj George
- 1 Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, Wolfson Centre for Stem Cells, Tissue Engineering & Modelling, University of Nottingham , Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Staniforth
- 2 Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust , Department of Cardiology, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Hugh Russell
- 3 Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Oral Biology, University of Leeds, St. James's University Hospital , Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Xuebin Yang
- 3 Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Oral Biology, University of Leeds, St. James's University Hospital , Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Chris Denning
- 1 Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, Wolfson Centre for Stem Cells, Tissue Engineering & Modelling, University of Nottingham , Nottingham, United Kingdom
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Denning C, Borgdorff V, Crutchley J, Firth KSA, George V, Kalra S, Kondrashov A, Hoang MD, Mosqueira D, Patel A, Prodanov L, Rajamohan D, Skarnes WC, Smith JGW, Young LE. Cardiomyocytes from human pluripotent stem cells: From laboratory curiosity to industrial biomedical platform. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2015; 1863:1728-48. [PMID: 26524115 PMCID: PMC5221745 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2015.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Revised: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cardiomyocytes from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs-CMs) could revolutionise biomedicine. Global burden of heart failure will soon reach USD $90bn, while unexpected cardiotoxicity underlies 28% of drug withdrawals. Advances in hPSC isolation, Cas9/CRISPR genome engineering and hPSC-CM differentiation have improved patient care, progressed drugs to clinic and opened a new era in safety pharmacology. Nevertheless, predictive cardiotoxicity using hPSC-CMs contrasts from failure to almost total success. Since this likely relates to cell immaturity, efforts are underway to use biochemical and biophysical cues to improve many of the ~30 structural and functional properties of hPSC-CMs towards those seen in adult CMs. Other developments needed for widespread hPSC-CM utility include subtype specification, cost reduction of large scale differentiation and elimination of the phenotyping bottleneck. This review will consider these factors in the evolution of hPSC-CM technologies, as well as their integration into high content industrial platforms that assess structure, mitochondrial function, electrophysiology, calcium transients and contractility. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Cardiomyocyte Biology: Integration of Developmental and Environmental Cues in the Heart edited by Marcus Schaub and Hughes Abriel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Denning
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, University of Nottingham, NG7 2RD, United Kingdom.
| | - Viola Borgdorff
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, University of Nottingham, NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - James Crutchley
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, University of Nottingham, NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Karl S A Firth
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, University of Nottingham, NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Vinoj George
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, University of Nottingham, NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Spandan Kalra
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, University of Nottingham, NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander Kondrashov
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, University of Nottingham, NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Minh Duc Hoang
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, University of Nottingham, NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Diogo Mosqueira
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, University of Nottingham, NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Asha Patel
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, University of Nottingham, NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Ljupcho Prodanov
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, University of Nottingham, NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Divya Rajamohan
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, University of Nottingham, NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - William C Skarnes
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - James G W Smith
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, University of Nottingham, NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Lorraine E Young
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, University of Nottingham, NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
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Lundkvist J, Halldin MM, Sandin J, Nordvall G, Forsell P, Svensson S, Jansson L, Johansson G, Winblad B, Ekstrand J. The battle of Alzheimer's Disease - the beginning of the future Unleashing the potential of academic discoveries. Front Pharmacol 2014; 5:102. [PMID: 24847271 PMCID: PMC4023025 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2014.00102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2014] [Accepted: 04/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia, affecting approximately 36 million people worldwide. To date there is no preventive or curative treatment available for AD, and in absence of major progress in therapeutic development, AD manifests a concrete socioeconomic threat. The awareness of the growing problem of AD is increasing, exemplified by the recent G8 Dementia Summit, a meeting held in order to set the stage and steer the compass for the future. Simultaneously, and paradoxically, we have seen key players in the pharmaceutical industry that have recently closed or significantly decreased their R&D spending on AD and other CNS disorders. Given the pressing need for new treatments in this area, other actors need to step-in and enter this drug discovery arena complementing the industrial efforts, in order to turn biological and technological progress into novel therapeutics. In this article, we present an example of a novel drug discovery initiative that in a non-profit setting, aims to integrate with both preclinical and clinical academic groups and pharmaceutical industry to explore the therapeutic potential of new concepts in patients, using novel biology, state of the art technologies and rapid concept testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan Lundkvist
- AlzeCure Foundation, Karolinska Institutet Science Park NovumHuddinge, Sweden
| | - Magnus M. Halldin
- AlzeCure Foundation, Karolinska Institutet Science Park NovumHuddinge, Sweden
| | - Johan Sandin
- AlzeCure Foundation, Karolinska Institutet Science Park NovumHuddinge, Sweden
| | - Gunnar Nordvall
- AlzeCure Foundation, Karolinska Institutet Science Park NovumHuddinge, Sweden
| | - Pontus Forsell
- AlzeCure Foundation, Karolinska Institutet Science Park NovumHuddinge, Sweden
| | - Samuel Svensson
- AlzeCure Foundation, Karolinska Institutet Science Park NovumHuddinge, Sweden
| | | | - Gunilla Johansson
- Center for Alzheimer Research at Karolinska Institutet and Swedish Brain PowerNovum, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Bengt Winblad
- Center for Alzheimer Research at Karolinska Institutet and Swedish Brain PowerNovum, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Jonas Ekstrand
- AlzeCure Foundation, Karolinska Institutet Science Park NovumHuddinge, Sweden
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8
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Greenberg BD, Carrillo MC, Ryan JM, Gold M, Gallagher K, Grundman M, Berman RM, Ashwood T, Siemers ER. Improving Alzheimer's disease phase II clinical trials. Alzheimers Dement 2012; 9:39-49. [PMID: 23164548 DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2012.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2012] [Accepted: 02/01/2012] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Over the past 30 years, many drugs have been studied as possible treatments for Alzheimer's disease, but only four have demonstrated sufficient efficacy to be approved as treatments, of which three are in the same class. This lack of success has raised questions both in the pharmaceutical industry and academia about the future of Alzheimer's disease therapy. The high cost and low success rate of drug development across many disease areas can be attributed, in large part, to late-stage clinical failures (Schachter and Ramoni, Nat Rev Drug Discov 2007;6:107-8). Thus, identifying in phase II, or preferably phase I, drugs that are likely to fail would have a dramatic impact on the costs associated with developing new drugs. With this in mind, the Alzheimer's Association convened a Research Roundtable on June 23 and 24, 2011, in Washington, DC, bringing together scientists from academia, industry, and government regulatory agencies to discuss strategies for improving the probability of phase II trial results predicting success when considering the go/no-go decision-making process leading to the initiation of phase III.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barry D Greenberg
- Division of Neuroscience Drug Discovery and Development, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
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9
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Bickle M. Systems drug discovery: a quantitative, objective approach for safer drug development. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2012; 7:757-9. [DOI: 10.1517/17460441.2012.710197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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10
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Zou P, Zheng N, Yang Y, Yu LX, Sun D. Prediction of volume of distribution at steady state in humans: comparison of different approaches. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2012; 8:855-72. [DOI: 10.1517/17425255.2012.682569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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11
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Kohane IS, Szolovits P. Marco Ramoni: an appreciation of academic achievement. J Am Med Inform Assoc 2011; 18:367-9. [PMID: 21474623 PMCID: PMC3128413 DOI: 10.1136/amiajnl-2011-000218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2011] [Accepted: 03/22/2011] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
We review the scholarly career of our colleague, Marco Ramoni, who died unexpectedly in the summer of 2010. His work mainly explored the development and application of Bayesian techniques to model clinical, public health, and bioinformatics questions. His contributions have led to improvements in our ability to model behavior that evolves in time, to explore systematic relationships among large sets of covariates, and to tease out the meaning of data on the role of genetic variation in the genesis of important diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac S Kohane
- Harvard Medical School, Children's Hospital Informatics Program, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Peter Szolovits
- MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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12
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Wang Z, Liu J, Cheng Y, Wang Y. Fangjiomics: in search of effective and safe combination therapies. J Clin Pharmacol 2011; 51:1132-51. [PMID: 21209238 DOI: 10.1177/0091270010382913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Millennia-old Chinese medicine treats disease with many combination therapies involving ingredients used in clinic practice. Fangjiomics is the science of identifying and designing effective mixtures of bioactive agents and elucidating their modes of action beyond those of Chinese patent medicines. Omics profiling and quantitative optimal modeling have been used to associate the various responses with biological pathways related to disease phenotype. Fangjiomics seeks to study myriad compatible combinations that may act through multiple targets, modes of action, and biological pathways balancing on off-target and on-target effects. This approach may lead to the discovery of controllable array-designed therapies to combine less potent elements that are more effective collectively but have fewer adverse side effects than does any element singly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong Wang
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
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13
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Forecasting performance measures – what are their practical meaning? ADVANCES IN BUSINESS AND MANAGEMENT FORECASTING 2010. [DOI: 10.1108/s1477-4070(2010)0000007012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
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14
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Joshi KD, Chi L, Datta A, Han S. Changing the Competitive Landscape: Continuous Innovation Through IT-Enabled Knowledge Capabilities. INFORMATION SYSTEMS RESEARCH 2010. [DOI: 10.1287/isre.1100.0298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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15
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Chelsky D, LeBlanc M. Company Profile: Caprion Proteomics, Inc. Biomark Med 2009. [DOI: 10.2217/bmm.09.35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Caprion Proteomics, Inc. is a leading provider of proteomics biomarker services with over 20 pharmaceutical, biotechnology and diagnostics industry clients in North America, Europe and Japan. An unbiased approach to the identification of biomarker candidates is paired with a rapid tool for biomarker verification and validation in large patient populations. Caprion is now also a strategic partner of Covance, Inc., one of the world’s largest and most experienced providers of drug-development services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Chelsky
- Caprion Proteomics, Inc., 7150 Alexander Fleming, Montreal, Quebec, H3Y 2W4, Canada
| | - Martin LeBlanc
- Caprion Proteomics, Inc., 7150 Alexander Fleming, Montreal, Quebec, H3Y 2W4, Canada
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16
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert M Califf
- Duke Translational Medicine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
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17
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Links between regimen-related toxicities in patients being treated for colorectal cancer. Curr Opin Support Palliat Care 2009; 3:50-4. [PMID: 19365161 DOI: 10.1097/spc.0b013e3283269fdf] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To summarize the available evidence on cooccurring gastrointestinal toxicities and their potential link with other symptoms in cancer patients. The information obtained from colorectal cancer patient cohorts will be used as an example. RECENT FINDINGS In recent years, it has become clear that gastrointestinal toxicities do not occur in isolation in cancer patients. Rather, they may link or associate with many other disturbances. Data have emerged that suggest that many of the complications of cancer chemotherapy occur in clusters and seem to support the sharing of common pathogenesis for clustering toxicities. SUMMARY During the last few years, research in symptom clusters and cooccurring linked toxicities has markedly changed, progressively shifting from a simplistic descriptive picture to more comprehensive and pathogenetically driven analyses. Still, many questions remain to be answered, and whether and how toxicity aggregations vary during the treatment course remains to be elucidated.
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Metabolism Comparative Cytotoxicity Assay (MCCA) and Cytotoxic Metabolic Pathway Identification Assay (CMPIA) with cryopreserved human hepatocytes for the evaluation of metabolism-based cytotoxicity in vitro: proof-of-concept study with aflatoxin B1. Chem Biol Interact 2008; 179:4-8. [PMID: 18950609 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2008.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2008] [Revised: 09/16/2008] [Accepted: 09/17/2008] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Recently, we have improved the cryopreservation procedures for human hepatocytes, leading to cells that can be cultured after thawing ("plateable" cryopreserved human hepatocytes). The ability to culture cryopreserved human hepatocytes allows application of the cells for prolonged incubations such as long-term (days) metabolism studies, enzyme induction studies, and cytotoxicity studies. We report here the application of the plateable cryopreserved human hepatocytes to evaluate the relationship between xenobiotic metabolism and toxicity. Two assays were developed: The Metabolism Comparative Cytotoxicity Assay (MCCA) and the Cytotoxic Metabolic Pathway Identification Assay (CMPIA). The MCCA was designed for the initial identification of the role of metabolism in cytotoxicity by comparing the cytotoxic potential of a toxicant in a metabolically competent (primary human hepatocytes) and a metabolically incompetent (Chinese hamster ovary (CHO)) cell type, as well as the evaluation of the role of P450 metabolism by comparing the cytotoxicity of the toxicant in question in human hepatocytes in the presence and absence of a nonspecific, irreversible P450 inhibitor, 1-aminobenzotriazole (ABT). The CMPIA was designed for the identification of the P450 isoforms involved in metabolic activation via the evaluation of the cytotoxicity of the toxicant in the presence and absence of isoform-selective P450 inhibitors. Results of a proof-of-concept study with the MCCA and CMPIA with a known hepatotoxicant, aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), are reported. AFB1 is known to require P450 metabolism for its toxicity. In the MCCA, AFB1 was found to have significantly higher cytotoxicity in human hepatocytes than CHO cells, therefore confirming its requirement for biotransformation to be toxic. ABT was found to effectively attenuate AFB1 cytotoxicity, confirming that P450 metabolism was involved in its metabolic activation. In the CMPIA, AFB1 cytotoxicity was found to be attenuated by ketoconazole and diethyldithiocarbamate, but not by furafylline, quinidine, and sulfaphenazole. Results with the isoform-selective inhibitors suggest that the isoforms inhibited by ketoconazole (mainly CYP3A4) and diethyldithiocarbamate (mainly CYP2A6, and CYP2E1), but not the isoforms inhibited by furafylline (mainly CYP1A2), sulfaphenazole (mainly CYP2C9) and quinidine (mainly CYP2D6) are involved in the metabolic activation of AFB1. This proof-of-concept study suggests that MCCA and CMPIA with cryopreserved human hepatocytes are potentially useful for the evaluation of the relationship between human xenobiotic metabolism and toxicity.
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Aguilar-Ruiz JS, Moore JH, Ritchie MD. Filling the gap between biology and computer science. BioData Min 2008; 1:1. [PMID: 18822148 PMCID: PMC2547862 DOI: 10.1186/1756-0381-1-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2008] [Accepted: 07/17/2008] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This editorial introduces BioData Mining, a new journal which publishes research articles related to advances in computational methods and techniques for the extraction of useful knowledge from heterogeneous biological data. We outline the aims and scope of the journal, introduce the publishing model and describe the open peer review policy, which fosters interaction within the research community.
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Borsook D, Bleakman D, Hargreaves R, Upadhyay J, Schmidt KF, Becerra L. A 'BOLD' experiment in defining the utility of fMRI in drug development. Neuroimage 2008; 42:461-6. [PMID: 18598770 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2008.04.268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2007] [Revised: 04/09/2008] [Accepted: 04/17/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- David Borsook
- Imaging Consortium for Drug Development, Brain Imaging Center, McLean Hospital, Belmont, USA.
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