1
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Mittal D, Narayanan R. Network motifs in cellular neurophysiology. Trends Neurosci 2024:S0166-2236(24)00077-8. [PMID: 38806296 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2024.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Concepts from network science and graph theory, including the framework of network motifs, have been frequently applied in studying neuronal networks and other biological complex systems. Network-based approaches can also be used to study the functions of individual neurons, where cellular elements such as ion channels and membrane voltage are conceptualized as nodes within a network, and their interactions are denoted by edges. Network motifs in this context provide functional building blocks that help to illuminate the principles of cellular neurophysiology. In this review we build a case that network motifs operating within neurons provide tools for defining the functional architecture of single-neuron physiology and neuronal adaptations. We highlight the presence of such computational motifs in the cellular mechanisms underlying action potential generation, neuronal oscillations, dendritic integration, and neuronal plasticity. Future work applying the network motifs perspective may help to decipher the functional complexities of neurons and their adaptation during health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divyansh Mittal
- Centre for Integrative Genomics, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Rishikesh Narayanan
- Cellular Neurophysiology Laboratory, Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India.
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2
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Sørenstua M, Leonardsen ACL, Chin KJ. Dorsal root ganglion: a key to understanding the therapeutic effects of the erector spinae plane (ESP) and other intertransverse process blocks? Reg Anesth Pain Med 2024; 49:223-226. [PMID: 37726195 PMCID: PMC10958311 DOI: 10.1136/rapm-2023-104816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Since its description in 2016, the erector spinae plane block (ESPB) has become a widely employed regional anesthetic technique and kindled interest in a range of related techniques, collectively termed intertransverse process blocks. There has been ongoing controversy over mechanism of action of the ESPB, mainly due to incongruities between results of cutaneous sensory testing, clinical efficacy studies, and investigations into the neural structures that are reached by injected local anesthetic (LA). This paper reviews the spread of LA to the paravertebral and epidural space and the cutaneous anesthesia in ESPB, with specific emphasis on the dorsal root ganglion (DRG). We hypothesize that the DRG, due to its unique and complex microarchitecture, represents a key therapeutic target for modulation of nociceptive signaling in regional anesthesia. This paper discusses how the anatomical and physiological characteristics of the DRG may be one of the factors underpinning the clinical analgesia observed in ESPB and other intertransverse process blocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Sørenstua
- Department of Anesthesia, Sykehuset Østfold HF, Grålum, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ann-Chatrin Linqvist Leonardsen
- Department of Anesthesia, Sykehuset Østfold HF, Grålum, Norway
- Health and Welfare, Østfold University College, Fredrikstad, Norway
| | - Ki Jinn Chin
- Department of Anesthesia, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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3
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Chen S, He M, Brown RE, Eden UT, Prerau MJ. Individualized temporal patterns dominate cortical upstate and sleep depth in driving human sleep spindle timing. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.02.22.581592. [PMID: 38464146 PMCID: PMC10925076 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.22.581592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Sleep spindles are critical for memory consolidation and strongly linked to neurological disease and aging. Despite their significance, the relative influences of factors like sleep depth, cortical up/down states, and spindle temporal patterns on individual spindle production remain poorly understood. Moreover, spindle temporal patterns are typically ignored in favor of an average spindle rate. Here, we analyze spindle dynamics in 1008 participants from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis using a point process framework. Results reveal fingerprint-like temporal patterns, characterized by a refractory period followed by a period of increased spindle activity, which are highly individualized yet consistent night-to-night. We observe increased timing variability with age and distinct gender/age differences. Strikingly, and in contrast to the prevailing notion, individualized spindle patterns are the dominant determinant of spindle timing, accounting for over 70% of the statistical deviance explained by all of the factors we assessed, surpassing the contribution of slow oscillation (SO) phase (~14%) and sleep depth (~16%). Furthermore, we show spindle/SO coupling dynamics with sleep depth are preserved across age, with a global negative shift towards the SO rising slope. These findings offer novel mechanistic insights into spindle dynamics with direct experimental implications and applications to individualized electroencephalography biomarker identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuqiang Chen
- Graduate Program for Neuroscience, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mingjian He
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard-MIT Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ritchie E. Brown
- VA Boston Healthcare System and Harvard Medical School, Department of Psychiatry, West Roxbury, MA, USA
| | - Uri T. Eden
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael J. Prerau
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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4
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Li L, Su Y, Wang S, Wang C, Ruan N, Hu Z, Cheng X, Chen J, Yuan K, Li P, Fan P. Neonatal di-(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate exposure induces permanent alterations in secretory CRH neuron characteristics in the hypothalamus paraventricular region of adult male rats. Exp Neurol 2024; 372:114616. [PMID: 38007208 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2023.114616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
Corticotrophin-releasing hormone (CRH) neurons in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) play a critical role in the modulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Early-life exposure to di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) has been associated with an increased risk of developing psychiatric disorders in adulthood. The present work was designed to explore the impact of neonatal exposure to DEHP on adult PVN CRH neuronal activity. DEHP or vehicle was given to male rat pups from PND16 to PND22. Then, anxiety-like behaviors, serum corticosterone and testosterone, immunohistochemistry, western blotting, fluorescence in situ hybridization and acute ex vivo slice electrophysiological recordings were used to evaluate the influence of DEHP on adult PVN secretory CRH neurons. Neonatal DEHP-exposed rats exhibited enhanced anxiety-like behaviors in adults, with an increase in CORT. Secretory CRH neurons showed higher spontaneous firing activity but could be inhibited by GABAAR blockers. CRH neurons displayed fewer firing spikes, prolonged first-spike latency, depolarizing shifts in GABA reversal potential and strengthened GABAergic inputs, as indicated by increases in the frequency and amplitude of sIPSCs. Enhancement of GABAergic transmission was accompanied by upregulated expression of GAD67 and downregulated expression of GABABR1, KCC2 and GAT1. These findings suggest that neonatal exposure to DEHP permanently altered the characteristics of secretory CRH neurons in the PVN, which may contribute to the development of psychiatric disorders later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Zhejiang Province, Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Ying Su
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Zhejiang Province, Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Siyuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Zhejiang Province, Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China; Brain Injury Center, Department of Neurosurgery, RenJi Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Chengyu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Zhejiang Province, Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Naqi Ruan
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Zhejiang Province, Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Zhiyan Hu
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Zhejiang Province, Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Xin Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Zhejiang Province, Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Jiajia Chen
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Zhejiang Province, Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Kaiming Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Zhejiang Province, Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China.
| | - Peijun Li
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Geriatric Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China.
| | - Pei Fan
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics, Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China.
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5
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Li R, Huang J, Li L, Zhao Z, Liang S, Liang S, Wang M, Liao X, Lyu J, Zhou Z, Wang S, Jin W, Chen H, Holder D, Liu H, Zhang J, Li M, Tang Y, Remy S, Pakan JMP, Chen X, Jia H. Holistic bursting cells store long-term memory in auditory cortex. Nat Commun 2023; 14:8090. [PMID: 38062015 PMCID: PMC10703882 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43620-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The sensory neocortex has been suggested to be a substrate for long-term memory storage, yet which exact single cells could be specific candidates underlying such long-term memory storage remained neither known nor visible for over a century. Here, using a combination of day-by-day two-photon Ca2+ imaging and targeted single-cell loose-patch recording in an auditory associative learning paradigm with composite sounds in male mice, we reveal sparsely distributed neurons in layer 2/3 of auditory cortex emerged step-wise from quiescence into bursting mode, which then invariably expressed holistic information of the learned composite sounds, referred to as holistic bursting (HB) cells. Notably, it was not shuffled populations but the same sparse HB cells that embodied the behavioral relevance of the learned composite sounds, pinpointing HB cells as physiologically-defined single-cell candidates of an engram underlying long-term memory storage in auditory cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruijie Li
- Advanced Institute for Brain and Intelligence and School of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
- Brain Research Center and State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns, and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Junjie Huang
- Center for Neurointelligence, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China
- Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology (LIN), 39118, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Longhui Li
- Center for Neurointelligence, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China
| | - Zhikai Zhao
- Center for Neurointelligence, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China
| | - Susu Liang
- Center for Neurointelligence, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China
| | - Shanshan Liang
- Brain Research Center and State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns, and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Center for Neurointelligence, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China
| | - Xiang Liao
- Center for Neurointelligence, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China
| | - Jing Lyu
- Brain Research Instrument Innovation Center, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215163, China
| | - Zhenqiao Zhou
- Brain Research Instrument Innovation Center, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215163, China
| | - Sibo Wang
- Brain Research Instrument Innovation Center, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215163, China
| | - Wenjun Jin
- Brain Research Center and State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns, and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
- Chongqing Institute for Brain and Intelligence, Guangyang Bay Laboratory, Chongqing, 400064, China
| | - Haiyang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China
| | - Damaris Holder
- Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology (LIN), 39118, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Hongbang Liu
- Advanced Institute for Brain and Intelligence and School of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Jianxiong Zhang
- Brain Research Center and State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns, and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Min Li
- Brain Research Instrument Innovation Center, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215163, China
| | - Yuguo Tang
- Brain Research Instrument Innovation Center, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215163, China
| | - Stefan Remy
- Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology (LIN), 39118, Magdeburg, Germany
- Center for Behavioral and Brain Science (CBBS), Otto von Guericke University, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Janelle M P Pakan
- Center for Behavioral and Brain Science (CBBS), Otto von Guericke University, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany.
- Institute for Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research, Otto von Guericke University, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany.
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 39120, Magdeburg, Germany.
| | - Xiaowei Chen
- Brain Research Center and State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns, and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China.
- Chongqing Institute for Brain and Intelligence, Guangyang Bay Laboratory, Chongqing, 400064, China.
| | - Hongbo Jia
- Advanced Institute for Brain and Intelligence and School of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China.
- Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology (LIN), 39118, Magdeburg, Germany.
- Brain Research Instrument Innovation Center, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215163, China.
- Institute of Neuroscience and the SyNergy Cluster, Technical University of Munich, 80802, Munich, Germany.
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6
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Friedenberger Z, Harkin E, Tóth K, Naud R. Silences, spikes and bursts: Three-part knot of the neural code. J Physiol 2023; 601:5165-5193. [PMID: 37889516 DOI: 10.1113/jp281510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
When a neuron breaks silence, it can emit action potentials in a number of patterns. Some responses are so sudden and intense that electrophysiologists felt the need to single them out, labelling action potentials emitted at a particularly high frequency with a metonym - bursts. Is there more to bursts than a figure of speech? After all, sudden bouts of high-frequency firing are expected to occur whenever inputs surge. The burst coding hypothesis advances that the neural code has three syllables: silences, spikes and bursts. We review evidence supporting this ternary code in terms of devoted mechanisms for burst generation, synaptic transmission and synaptic plasticity. We also review the learning and attention theories for which such a triad is beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary Friedenberger
- Brain and Mind Institute, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Centre for Neural Dynamics and Artifical Intelligence, Department of Physics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Ottawa
| | - Emerson Harkin
- Brain and Mind Institute, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Katalin Tóth
- Brain and Mind Institute, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Richard Naud
- Brain and Mind Institute, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Centre for Neural Dynamics and Artifical Intelligence, Department of Physics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Ottawa
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7
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Ma H, Qi Y, Gong P, Zhang J, Lu WL, Feng J. Self-Organization of Nonlinearly Coupled Neural Fluctuations Into Synergistic Population Codes. Neural Comput 2023; 35:1820-1849. [PMID: 37725705 DOI: 10.1162/neco_a_01612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Neural activity in the brain exhibits correlated fluctuations that may strongly influence the properties of neural population coding. However, how such correlated neural fluctuations may arise from the intrinsic neural circuit dynamics and subsequently affect the computational properties of neural population activity remains poorly understood. The main difficulty lies in resolving the nonlinear coupling between correlated fluctuations with the overall dynamics of the system. In this study, we investigate the emergence of synergistic neural population codes from the intrinsic dynamics of correlated neural fluctuations in a neural circuit model capturing realistic nonlinear noise coupling of spiking neurons. We show that a rich repertoire of spatial correlation patterns naturally emerges in a bump attractor network and further reveals the dynamical regime under which the interplay between differential and noise correlations leads to synergistic codes. Moreover, we find that negative correlations may induce stable bound states between two bumps, a phenomenon previously unobserved in firing rate models. These noise-induced effects of bump attractors lead to a number of computational advantages including enhanced working memory capacity and efficient spatiotemporal multiplexing and can account for a range of cognitive and behavioral phenomena related to working memory. This study offers a dynamical approach to investigating realistic correlated neural fluctuations and insights to their roles in cortical computations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengyuan Ma
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yang Qi
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Pulin Gong
- School of Physics, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Jie Zhang
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Wen-Lian Lu
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jianfeng Feng
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200433, China
- Department of Computer Science, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, U.K.
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8
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Yang Y, Deng Y, Xu S, Liu Y, Liang W, Zhang K, Lv S, Sha L, Yin H, Wu Y, Luo J, Xu Q, Cai X. PPy/SWCNTs-Modified Microelectrode Array for Learning and Memory Model Construction through Electrical Stimulation and Detection of In Vitro Hippocampal Neuronal Network. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2023; 6:3414-3422. [PMID: 37071831 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c00105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2023]
Abstract
The learning and memory functions of the brain remain unclear, which are in urgent need for the detection of both a single cell signal with high spatiotemporal resolution and network activities with high throughput. Here, an in vitro microelectrode array (MEA) was fabricated and further modified with polypyrrole/carboxylated single-walled carbon nanotubes (PPy/SWCNTs) nanocomposites as the interface between biological and electronic systems. The deposition of the nanocomposites significantly improved the performance of microelectrodes including low impedance (60.3 ± 28.8 k Ω), small phase delay (-32.8 ± 4.4°), and good biocompatibility. Then the modified MEA was used to apply learning training and test on hippocampal neuronal network cultured for 21 days through electrical stimulation, and multichannel electrophysiological signals were recorded simultaneously. During the process of learning training, the stimulus/response ratio of the hippocampal learning population gradually increased and the response time gradually decreased. After training, the mean spikes in burst, number of bursts, and mean burst duration increased by 53%, 191%, and 52%, respectively, and the correlation of neurons in the network was significantly enhanced from 0.45 ± 0.002 to 0.78 ± 0.002. In addition, the neuronal network basically retained these characteristics for at least 5 h. These results indicated that we have successfully constructed a learning and memory model of hippocampal neurons on the in vitro MEA, contributing to understanding learning and memory based on synaptic plasticity. The proposed PPy/SWCNTs-modified in vitro MEA will provide a promising platform for the exploration of learning and memory mechanism and their applications in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Yu Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, PR China
| | - Shihong Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Yaoyao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Wei Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Kui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Shiya Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Longze Sha
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, PR China
| | - Huabing Yin
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Oakfield Avenue, Glasgow G12 8LT, United Kingdom
| | - Yirong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Jinping Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Qi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, PR China
| | - Xinxia Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
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9
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Ummear Raza M, Gautam D, Rorie D, Sivarao DV. Differential Effects of Clozapine and Haloperidol on the 40 Hz Auditory Steady State Response-mediated Phase Resetting in the Prefrontal Cortex of the Female Sprague Dawley Rat. Schizophr Bull 2023; 49:581-591. [PMID: 36691888 PMCID: PMC10154723 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbac203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neural synchrony at gamma frequency (~40 Hz) is important for information processing and is disrupted in schizophrenia. From a drug development perspective, molecules that can improve local gamma synchrony are promising candidates for therapeutic development. HYPOTHESIS Given their differentiated clinical profile, clozapine, and haloperidol may have distinct effects on local gamma synchrony engendered by 40 Hz click trains, the so-called auditory steady-state response (ASSR). STUDY DESIGN Clozapine and haloperidol at doses known to mimic clinically relevant D2 receptor occupancy were evaluated using the ASSR in separate cohorts of female SD rats. RESULTS Clozapine (2.5-10 mg/kg, sc) robustly increased intertrial phase coherence (ITC), across all doses. Evoked response increased but less consistently. Background gamma activity, unrelated to the stimulus, showed a reduction at all doses. Closer scrutiny of the data indicated that clozapine accelerated gamma phase resetting. Thus, clozapine augmented auditory information processing in the gamma frequency range by reducing the background gamma, accelerating the gamma phase resetting and improving phase precision and signal power. Modest improvements in ITC were seen with Haloperidol (0.08 and 0.24 mg/kg, sc) without accelerating phase resetting. Evoked power was unaffected while background gamma was reduced at high doses only, which also caused catalepsy. CONCLUSIONS Using click-train evoked gamma synchrony as an index of local neural network function, we provide a plausible neurophysiological basis for the superior and differentiated profile of clozapine. These observations may provide a neurophysiological template for identifying new drug candidates with a therapeutic potential for treatment-resistant schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ummear Raza
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bill Gatton College of Pharmacy, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN
| | - Deepshila Gautam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bill Gatton College of Pharmacy, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN
| | - Dakota Rorie
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bill Gatton College of Pharmacy, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN
| | - Digavalli V Sivarao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bill Gatton College of Pharmacy, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN
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10
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Stasenko SV, Kazantsev VB. Information Encoding in Bursting Spiking Neural Network Modulated by Astrocytes. ENTROPY (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 25:e25050745. [PMID: 37238500 DOI: 10.3390/e25050745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We investigated a mathematical model composed of a spiking neural network (SNN) interacting with astrocytes. We analysed how information content in the form of two-dimensional images can be represented by an SNN in the form of a spatiotemporal spiking pattern. The SNN includes excitatory and inhibitory neurons in some proportion, sustaining the excitation-inhibition balance of autonomous firing. The astrocytes accompanying each excitatory synapse provide a slow modulation of synaptic transmission strength. An information image was uploaded to the network in the form of excitatory stimulation pulses distributed in time reproducing the shape of the image. We found that astrocytic modulation prevented stimulation-induced SNN hyperexcitation and non-periodic bursting activity. Such homeostatic astrocytic regulation of neuronal activity makes it possible to restore the image supplied during stimulation and lost in the raster diagram of neuronal activity due to non-periodic neuronal firing. At a biological point, our model shows that astrocytes can act as an additional adaptive mechanism for regulating neural activity, which is crucial for sensory cortical representations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey V Stasenko
- Laboratory of Advanced Methods for High-Dimensional Data Analysis, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 603022 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Victor B Kazantsev
- Laboratory of Advanced Methods for High-Dimensional Data Analysis, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 603022 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
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11
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Fabian JM, O'Carrol DC, Wiederman SD. Sparse spike trains and the limitation of rate codes underlying rapid behaviours. Biol Lett 2023; 19:20230099. [PMID: 37161293 PMCID: PMC10170213 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2023.0099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Animals live in dynamic worlds where they use sensorimotor circuits to rapidly process information and drive behaviours. For example, dragonflies are aerial predators that react to movements of prey within tens of milliseconds. These pursuits are likely controlled by identified neurons in the dragonfly, which have well-characterized physiological responses to moving targets. Predominantly, neural activity in these circuits is interpreted in context of a rate code, where information is conveyed by changes in the number of spikes over a time period. However, such a description of neuronal activity is difficult to achieve in real-world, real-time scenarios. Here, we contrast a neuroscientists' post-hoc view of spiking activity with the information available to the animal in real-time. We describe how performance of a rate code is readily overestimated and outline a rate code's significant limitations in driving rapid behaviours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph M Fabian
- School of Biomedicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | | | - Steven D Wiederman
- School of Biomedicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
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12
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Gu L, Ren M, Lin L, Xu J. Calbindin-Expressing CA1 Pyramidal Neurons Encode Spatial Information More Efficiently. eNeuro 2023; 10:ENEURO.0411-22.2023. [PMID: 36810150 PMCID: PMC10016193 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0411-22.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Hippocampal pyramidal neurons (PNs) are traditionally conceptualized as homogeneous population. For the past few years, cumulating evidence has revealed the structural and functional heterogeneity of hippocampal pyramidal neurons. But the in vivo neuronal firing pattern of molecularly identified pyramidal neuron subclasses is still absent. In this study, we investigated the firing patterns of hippocampal PNs based on different expression profile of Calbindin (CB) during a spatial shuttle task in free moving male mice. We found that CB+ place cells can represent spatial information more efficiently than CB- place cells, albeit lower firing rates during running epochs. Furthermore, a subset of CB+ PNs shifted their theta firing phase during rapid-eye movement (REM) sleep states compared with running states. Although CB- PNs are more actively engaged in ripple oscillations, CB+ PNs showed stronger ripple modulation during slow-wave sleep (SWS). Our results pointed out the heterogeneity in neuronal representation between hippocampal CB+ and CB- PNs. Particularly, CB+ PNs encode spatial information more efficiently, which might be contributed by stronger afferents from the lateral entorhinal cortex to CB+ PNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqin Gu
- Institute of Brain Functional Genomics, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Minglong Ren
- Institute of Brain Functional Genomics, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Longnian Lin
- Institute of Brain Functional Genomics, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
- New York University - East China Normal University Institute of Brain and Cognitive Science at NYU Shanghai, Shanghai 200062, China
- Tongji University Brain and Spinal Cord Clinical Center, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Jiamin Xu
- Institute of Brain Functional Genomics, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
- New York University - East China Normal University Institute of Brain and Cognitive Science at NYU Shanghai, Shanghai 200062, China
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13
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Chalkiadakis D, Hizanidis J. Dynamical properties of neuromorphic Josephson junctions. Phys Rev E 2022; 106:044206. [PMID: 36397509 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.106.044206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Neuromorphic computing exploits the dynamical analogy between many physical systems and neuron biophysics. Superconductor systems, in particular, are excellent candidates for neuromorphic devices due to their capacity to operate at great speeds and with low energy dissipation compared to their silicon counterparts. In this paper, we revisit a prior work on Josephson Junction-based neurons to identify the exact dynamical mechanisms underlying the system's neuronlike properties and reveal complex behaviors which are relevant for neurocomputation and the design of superconducting neuromorphic devices. Our paper lies at the intersection of superconducting physics and theoretical neuroscience, both viewed under a common framework-that of nonlinear dynamics theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Chalkiadakis
- Department of Physics, University of Crete, 71003 Herakleio, Greece
| | - J Hizanidis
- Department of Physics, University of Crete, 71003 Herakleio, Greece and Institute of Applied and Computational Mathematics, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, 70013 Herakleio, Greece
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14
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Golden CT, Chadderton P. Psilocybin reduces low frequency oscillatory power and neuronal phase-locking in the anterior cingulate cortex of awake rodents. Sci Rep 2022; 12:12702. [PMID: 35882885 PMCID: PMC9325720 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-16325-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Psilocybin is a hallucinogenic compound that is showing promise in the ability to treat neurological conditions such as depression and post-traumatic stress disorder. There have been several investigations into the neural correlates of psilocybin administration using non-invasive methods, however, there has yet to be an invasive study of the mechanism of action in awake rodents. Using multi-unit extracellular recordings, we recorded local field potential and spiking activity from populations of neurons in the anterior cingulate cortex of awake mice during the administration of psilocybin (2 mg/kg). The power of low frequency bands in the local field potential was found to significantly decrease in response to psilocybin administration, whilst gamma band activity trended towards an increase. The population firing rate was found to increase overall, with just under half of individual neurons showing a significant increase. Psilocybin significantly decreased the level of phase modulation of cells with each neural frequency band except high-gamma oscillations, consistent with a desynchronization of cortical populations. Furthermore, bursting behavior was altered in a subset of cells, with both positive and negative changes in the rate of bursting. Neurons that increased their burst firing following psilocybin administration were highly likely to transition from a phase-modulated to a phase unmodulated state. Taken together, psilocybin reduces low frequency oscillatory power, increases overall firing rates and desynchronizes local neural activity. These findings are consistent with dissolution of the default mode network under psilocybin, and may be indicative of disruption of top-down processing in the acute psychedelic state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline T Golden
- Department of Bioengineering and Centre for Neurotechnology, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Paul Chadderton
- School of Physiology Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK.
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15
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The burst gap is a peripheral temporal code for pitch perception that is shared across audition and touch. Sci Rep 2022; 12:11014. [PMID: 35773321 PMCID: PMC9246943 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-15269-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
When tactile afferents were manipulated to fire in periodic bursts of spikes, we discovered that the perceived pitch corresponded to the inter-burst interval (burst gap) in a spike train, rather than the spike rate or burst periodicity as previously thought. Given that tactile frequency mechanisms have many analogies to audition, and indications that temporal frequency channels are linked across the two modalities, we investigated whether there is burst gap temporal encoding in the auditory system. To link this putative neural code to perception, human subjects (n = 13, 6 females) assessed pitch elicited by trains of temporally-structured acoustic pulses in psychophysical experiments. Each pulse was designed to excite a fixed population of cochlear neurons, precluding place of excitation cues, and to elicit desired temporal spike trains in activated afferents. We tested periodicities up to 150 Hz using a variety of burst patterns and found striking deviations from periodicity-predicted pitch. Like the tactile system, the duration of the silent gap between successive bursts of neural activity best predicted perceived pitch, emphasising the role of peripheral temporal coding in shaping pitch. This suggests that temporal patterning of stimulus pulses in cochlear implant users might improve pitch perception.
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16
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Ichiyama A, Mestern S, Benigno GB, Scott KE, Allman BL, Muller L, Inoue W. State-dependent activity dynamics of hypothalamic stress effector neurons. eLife 2022; 11:76832. [PMID: 35770968 PMCID: PMC9278954 DOI: 10.7554/elife.76832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The stress response necessitates an immediate boost in vital physiological functions from their homeostatic operation to an elevated emergency response. However, the neural mechanisms underlying this state-dependent change remain largely unknown. Using a combination of in vivo and ex vivo electrophysiology with computational modeling, we report that corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH) neurons in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN), the effector neurons of hormonal stress response, rapidly transition between distinct activity states through recurrent inhibition. Specifically, in vivo optrode recording shows that under non-stress conditions, CRHPVN neurons often fire with rhythmic brief bursts (RB), which, somewhat counterintuitively, constrains firing rate due to long (~2 s) interburst intervals. Stressful stimuli rapidly switch RB to continuous single spiking (SS), permitting a large increase in firing rate. A spiking network model shows that recurrent inhibition can control this activity-state switch, and more broadly the gain of spiking responses to excitatory inputs. In biological CRHPVN neurons ex vivo, the injection of whole-cell currents derived from our computational model recreates the in vivo-like switch between RB and SS, providing direct evidence that physiologically relevant network inputs enable state-dependent computation in single neurons. Together, we present a novel mechanism for state-dependent activity dynamics in CRHPVN neurons.
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17
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Shorten DP, Priesemann V, Wibral M, Lizier JT. Early lock-in of structured and specialised information flows during neural development. eLife 2022; 11:74651. [PMID: 35286256 PMCID: PMC9064303 DOI: 10.7554/elife.74651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The brains of many organisms are capable of complicated distributed computation underpinned by a highly advanced information processing capacity. Although substantial progress has been made towards characterising the information flow component of this capacity in mature brains, there is a distinct lack of work characterising its emergence during neural development. This lack of progress has been largely driven by the lack of effective estimators of information processing operations for spiking data. Here, we leverage recent advances in this estimation task in order to quantify the changes in transfer entropy during development. We do so by studying the changes in the intrinsic dynamics of the spontaneous activity of developing dissociated neural cell cultures. We find that the quantity of information flowing across these networks undergoes a dramatic increase across development. Moreover, the spatial structure of these flows exhibits a tendency to lock-in at the point when they arise. We also characterise the flow of information during the crucial periods of population bursts. We find that, during these bursts, nodes tend to undertake specialised computational roles as either transmitters, mediators, or receivers of information, with these roles tending to align with their average spike ordering. Further, we find that these roles are regularly locked-in when the information flows are established. Finally, we compare these results to information flows in a model network developing according to a spike-timing-dependent plasticity learning rule. Similar temporal patterns in the development of information flows were observed in these networks, hinting at the broader generality of these phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- David P Shorten
- Centre for Complex Systems, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Viola Priesemann
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Michael Wibral
- Campus Institute for Dynamics of Biological Networks, Georg August University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Joseph T Lizier
- Centre for Complex Systems, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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18
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Almeida VN. The neural hierarchy of consciousness. Neuropsychologia 2022; 169:108202. [PMID: 35271856 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2022.108202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The chief undertaking in the studies of consciousness is that of unravelling "the minimal set of neural processes that are together sufficient for the conscious experience of a particular content - the neural correlates of consciousness". To this day, this crusade remains at an impasse, with a clash of two main theories: consciousness may arise either in a graded and cortically-localised fashion, or in an all-or-none and widespread one. In spite of the long-lasting theoretical debates, neurophysiological theories of consciousness have been mostly dissociated from them. Herein, a theoretical review will be put forth with the aim to change that. In its first half, we will cover the hard available evidence on the neurophysiology of consciousness, whereas in its second half we will weave a series of considerations on both theories and substantiate a novel take on conscious awareness: the levels of processing approach, partitioning the conscious architecture into lower- and higher-order, graded and nonlinear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor N Almeida
- Faculdade de Letras, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Av. Pres. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil.
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19
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Lee LHN, Huang CS, Chuang HH, Lai HJ, Yang CK, Yang YC, Kuo CC. An electrophysiological perspective on Parkinson's disease: symptomatic pathogenesis and therapeutic approaches. J Biomed Sci 2021; 28:85. [PMID: 34886870 PMCID: PMC8656091 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-021-00781-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD), or paralysis agitans, is a common neurodegenerative disease characterized by dopaminergic deprivation in the basal ganglia because of neuronal loss in the substantia nigra pars compacta. Clinically, PD apparently involves both hypokinetic (e.g. akinetic rigidity) and hyperkinetic (e.g. tremor/propulsion) symptoms. The symptomatic pathogenesis, however, has remained elusive. The recent success of deep brain stimulation (DBS) therapy applied to the subthalamic nucleus (STN) or the globus pallidus pars internus indicates that there are essential electrophysiological abnormalities in PD. Consistently, dopamine-deprived STN shows excessive burst discharges. This proves to be a central pathophysiological element causally linked to the locomotor deficits in PD, as maneuvers (such as DBS of different polarities) decreasing and increasing STN burst discharges would decrease and increase the locomotor deficits, respectively. STN bursts are not so autonomous but show a "relay" feature, requiring glutamatergic synaptic inputs from the motor cortex (MC) to develop. In PD, there is an increase in overall MC activities and the corticosubthalamic input is enhanced and contributory to excessive burst discharges in STN. The increase in MC activities may be relevant to the enhanced beta power in local field potentials (LFP) as well as the deranged motor programming at the cortical level in PD. Moreover, MC could not only drive erroneous STN bursts, but also be driven by STN discharges at specific LFP frequencies (~ 4 to 6 Hz) to produce coherent tremulous muscle contractions. In essence, PD may be viewed as a disorder with deranged rhythms in the cortico-subcortical re-entrant loops, manifestly including STN, the major component of the oscillating core, and MC, the origin of the final common descending motor pathways. The configurations of the deranged rhythms may play a determinant role in the symptomatic pathogenesis of PD, and provide insight into the mechanism underlying normal motor control. Therapeutic brain stimulation for PD and relevant disorders should be adaptively exercised with in-depth pathophysiological considerations for each individual patient, and aim at a final normalization of cortical discharge patterns for the best ameliorating effect on the locomotor and even non-motor symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan-Hsin Nancy Lee
- Department of Physiology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, 1 Jen-Ai Road, 1st Section, Taipei, 100, Taiwan.,Department of Neurology, Fu Jen Catholic University Hospital, New Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Neurology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Syuan Huang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang-Hao Chuang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Hsing-Jung Lai
- Department of Physiology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, 1 Jen-Ai Road, 1st Section, Taipei, 100, Taiwan.,Department of Neurology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,National Taiwan University Hospital, Jin-Shan Branch, New Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Kai Yang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, 259 Wen-Hwa 1st Road, Kwei-Shan, Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Chin Yang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan. .,Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, 259 Wen-Hwa 1st Road, Kwei-Shan, Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan. .,Neuroscience Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
| | - Chung-Chin Kuo
- Department of Physiology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, 1 Jen-Ai Road, 1st Section, Taipei, 100, Taiwan. .,Department of Neurology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
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20
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Leleo EG, Segev I. Burst control: Synaptic conditions for burst generation in cortical layer 5 pyramidal neurons. PLoS Comput Biol 2021; 17:e1009558. [PMID: 34727124 PMCID: PMC8589150 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1009558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The output of neocortical layer 5 pyramidal cells (L5PCs) is expressed by a train of single spikes with intermittent bursts of multiple spikes at high frequencies. The bursts are the result of nonlinear dendritic properties, including Na+, Ca2+, and NMDA spikes, that interact with the ~10,000 synapses impinging on the neuron's dendrites. Output spike bursts are thought to implement key dendritic computations, such as coincidence detection of bottom-up inputs (arriving mostly at the basal tree) and top-down inputs (arriving mostly at the apical tree). In this study we used a detailed nonlinear model of L5PC receiving excitatory and inhibitory synaptic inputs to explore the conditions for generating bursts and for modulating their properties. We established the excitatory input conditions on the basal versus the apical tree that favor burst and show that there are two distinct types of bursts. Bursts consisting of 3 or more spikes firing at < 200 Hz, which are generated by stronger excitatory input to the basal versus the apical tree, and bursts of ~2-spikes at ~250 Hz, generated by prominent apical tuft excitation. Localized and well-timed dendritic inhibition on the apical tree differentially modulates Na+, Ca2+, and NMDA spikes and, consequently, finely controls the burst output. Finally, we explored the implications of different burst classes and respective dendritic inhibition for regulating synaptic plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eilam Goldenberg Leleo
- The Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences, the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Idan Segev
- The Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences, the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
- Department of Neurobiology, the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
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21
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A synaptic learning rule for exploiting nonlinear dendritic computation. Neuron 2021; 109:4001-4017.e10. [PMID: 34715026 PMCID: PMC8691952 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2021.09.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Information processing in the brain depends on the integration of synaptic input distributed throughout neuronal dendrites. Dendritic integration is a hierarchical process, proposed to be equivalent to integration by a multilayer network, potentially endowing single neurons with substantial computational power. However, whether neurons can learn to harness dendritic properties to realize this potential is unknown. Here, we develop a learning rule from dendritic cable theory and use it to investigate the processing capacity of a detailed pyramidal neuron model. We show that computations using spatial or temporal features of synaptic input patterns can be learned, and even synergistically combined, to solve a canonical nonlinear feature-binding problem. The voltage dependence of the learning rule drives coactive synapses to engage dendritic nonlinearities, whereas spike-timing dependence shapes the time course of subthreshold potentials. Dendritic input-output relationships can therefore be flexibly tuned through synaptic plasticity, allowing optimal implementation of nonlinear functions by single neurons.
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22
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Williams E, Payeur A, Gidon A, Naud R. Neural burst codes disguised as rate codes. Sci Rep 2021; 11:15910. [PMID: 34354118 PMCID: PMC8342467 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-95037-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The burst coding hypothesis posits that the occurrence of sudden high-frequency patterns of action potentials constitutes a salient syllable of the neural code. Many neurons, however, do not produce clearly demarcated bursts, an observation invoked to rule out the pervasiveness of this coding scheme across brain areas and cell types. Here we ask how detrimental ambiguous spike patterns, those that are neither clearly bursts nor isolated spikes, are for neuronal information transfer. We addressed this question using information theory and computational simulations. By quantifying how information transmission depends on firing statistics, we found that the information transmitted is not strongly influenced by the presence of clearly demarcated modes in the interspike interval distribution, a feature often used to identify the presence of burst coding. Instead, we found that neurons having unimodal interval distributions were still able to ascribe different meanings to bursts and isolated spikes. In this regime, information transmission depends on dynamical properties of the synapses as well as the length and relative frequency of bursts. Furthermore, we found that common metrics used to quantify burstiness were unable to predict the degree with which bursts could be used to carry information. Our results provide guiding principles for the implementation of coding strategies based on spike-timing patterns, and show that even unimodal firing statistics can be consistent with a bivariate neural code.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezekiel Williams
- grid.28046.380000 0001 2182 2255Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Ottawa, 150 Louis Pasteur, Ottawa, K1N 6N5 Canada
| | - Alexandre Payeur
- grid.28046.380000 0001 2182 2255University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Institute, Centre for Neural Dynamics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Rd., Ottawa, K1H 8M5 Canada
| | - Albert Gidon
- grid.7468.d0000 0001 2248 7639Institute for Biology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Richard Naud
- grid.28046.380000 0001 2182 2255University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Institute, Centre for Neural Dynamics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Rd., Ottawa, K1H 8M5 Canada ,grid.28046.380000 0001 2182 2255Department of Physics, University of Ottawa, 150 Louis Pasteur, Ottawa, K1N 6N5 Canada
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23
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Poth M, Herz AVM. Burst activity plays no role in the field-to-field variability and rate remapping of grid cells. Hippocampus 2021; 31:1128-1136. [PMID: 34314076 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.23378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Grid cells in rodent medial entorhinal cortex are thought to play a key role for spatial navigation. When the animal is freely moving in an open arena the firing fields of each grid cell tend to form a highly regular, hexagonal lattice spanning the environment. However, firing rates vary from field to field and change under contextual modifications, whereas the field locations shift at most by a small amount under such "rate remapping." The observed differences in firing rate could reflect overall activity changes or changes in the detailed spike-train statistics. As these two alternatives imply distinct neural coding schemes, we investigated whether temporal firing patterns vary from field to field and whether they change under rate remapping. Focusing on short time scales, we found that the proportion of bursts compared to all discharge events is similar in all firing fields of a given grid cell and does not change under rate remapping. For each cell, mean firing rates with bursts are proportional to mean firing rates without bursts. However, this ratio varies across cells. Additionally, we looked at how rate remapping relates to entorhinal theta-frequency oscillations. Theta-phase coding was preserved despite firing-rate changes from rate remapping but we did not observe differences between the first and second half of the theta cycle, as had been reported for CA1. Our results indicate that both, the heterogeneity between firing fields and rate remapping, are not due to altered firing patterns on short time scales but reflect location-specific changes at the firing-rate level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Poth
- Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience Munich and Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Andreas V M Herz
- Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience Munich and Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
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24
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Neurophysiological basis of the N400 deflection, from Mismatch Negativity to Semantic Prediction Potentials and late positive components. Int J Psychophysiol 2021; 166:134-150. [PMID: 34097935 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2021.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The first theoretical model on the neurophysiological basis of the N400: the deflection reflects layer I dendritic plateaus on a preparatory state of synaptic integration that precedes layer V somatic burst firing for conscious identification of the higher-order features of the stimulus (a late positive shift). Plateaus ensue from apical disinhibition by vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-positive interneurons (VIPs) through suppression of Martinotti cells, opening the gates for glutamatergic feedback to trigger dendritic regenerative potentials. Cholinergic transients contribute to these dynamics directly, holding a central role in the N400 deflection. The stereotypical timing of the (frontal) glutamatergic feedback and the accompanying cholinergic transients account for the enigmatic "invariability" of the peak latency in the face of a gamut of different stimuli and paradigms. The theoretical postulations presented here may bring about unprecedented level of detail for the N400 deflection to be used in the study of schizophrenia, Alzheimer's disease and other higher-order pathologies. The substrates of a late positive component, the Mismatch Negativity and the Semantic Prediction Potentials are also surveyed.
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25
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Huang D, Xiong X, Chen Y. Attention reduces the burstiness of V1 neurons involved in attended target enhancement. Eur J Neurosci 2021; 54:4565-4580. [PMID: 33932244 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Attention-dependent reduction in the tendency for neurons to fire bursts (burstiness) is widely observed in the visual cortex. However, the underlying mechanism and the functional role of this phenomenon remain unclear. We recorded well-isolated single-unit activities in primary visual cortex (V1) from two primates (Macaca mulatta) while they performed a detection task engaging spatial attention with two levels of difficulty (hard/easy). We found that attention modulated burstiness of V1 neurons in a cell-type specific manner. For neurons whose net response enhanced with the increase of task difficulty (difficulty-enhanced neuron), representing their involvement in boosting the signal of the attended stimulus, attention led to a reduction in burstiness during hard task but not during easy task. In contrast, regardless of the level of task difficulty, attention-dependent reduction in burstiness was not observed in neurons that showed a net suppression in firing rate with the increase of task difficulty (difficulty-suppressed neuron), indicating their commitment in filtering out the interference of distractor. This differentiation in the effects of attentional modulation on burstiness among the cells with distinct functional roles in attention suggests that the reduction in burstiness by attention is linked to target enhancement and is not associated with distractor suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Huang
- Artificial Intelligence Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Sichuan, China.,School of Automation and Electronic Information, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Sichuan, China.,School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xingzhong Xiong
- Artificial Intelligence Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Sichuan, China.,School of Automation and Electronic Information, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Sichuan, China
| | - Yao Chen
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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26
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Involvement of the thalamic reticular nucleus in prepulse inhibition of acoustic startle. Transl Psychiatry 2021; 11:241. [PMID: 33895779 PMCID: PMC8068728 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-021-01363-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Thalamic reticular nucleus (TRN) is a group of inhibitory neurons surrounding the thalamus. Due to its important role in sensory information processing, TRN is considered as the target nucleus for the pathophysiological investigation of schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Prepulse inhibition (PPI) of acoustic startle response, a phenomenon that strong stimulus-induced startle reflex is reduced by a weaker prestimulus, is always found impaired in schizophrenia and ASD. But the role of TRN in PPI modulation remains unknown. Here, we report that parvalbumin-expressing (PV+) neurons in TRN are activated by sound stimulation of PPI paradigm. Chemogenetic inhibition of PV+ neurons in TRN impairs PPI performance. Further investigations on the mechanism suggest a model of burst-rebound burst firing in TRN-auditory thalamus (medial geniculate nucleus, MG) circuitry. The burst firing is mediated by T-type calcium channel in TRN, and rebound burst firing needs the participation of GABAB receptor in MG. Overall, these findings support the involvement of TRN in PPI modulation.
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27
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Involvement of NMDA and GABA(A) receptors in modulation of spontaneous activity in hippocampal culture: Interrelations between burst firing and intracellular calcium signal. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 553:99-106. [PMID: 33765560 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.02.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Spontaneous burst firing is a hallmark attributed to the neuronal network activity. It is known to be accompanied by intracellular calcium [Са2+]i oscillations within the bursting neurons. Studying mechanisms underlying regulation of burst firing is highly relevant, since impairment in neuronal bursting accompanies different neurological disorders. In the present study, the contribution of NMDA and GABA(A) receptors to the shape formation of spontaneous burst -was studied in cultured hippocampal neurons. A combination of inhibitory analysis with simultaneous registration of neuronal bursting by whole-cell patch clamp and calcium imaging was used to assess spontaneous burst firing and [Са2+]i level. Using bicuculline and D-AP5 we showed that GABA(A) and NMDA receptors effectively modulate burst plateau phase and [Са2+]i transient spike which can further affect action potential (AP) amplitudes and firing frequency within a burst. Bicuculline significantly elevated the amplitude and reduced the duration of both burst plateau phase and [Са2+]i spike resulting in an increase of AP firing frequency and shortening of AP amplitudes within a burst. D-AP5 significantly decreases the amplitude of both plateau phase and [Са2+]i spike along with a burst duration that correlated with an increase in AP amplitudes and reduced firing frequency within a burst. The effect of bicuculline was occluded by co-addition of D-AP5 revealing modulatory role of GABA(A) receptors to the NMDA receptor-mediated formation of the burst. Our results provide new evidence on importance of NMDA and GABA(A) receptors in shaping burst firing and Ca2+transient spikes in cultured hippocampal neurons.
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28
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Desai NV, Varela C. Distinct burst properties contribute to the functional diversity of thalamic nuclei. J Comp Neurol 2021; 529:3726-3750. [PMID: 33723858 PMCID: PMC8440663 DOI: 10.1002/cne.25141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Thalamic neurons fire spikes in two modes, burst and tonic. The function of burst firing is unclear, but the evidence suggests that bursts are more effective at activating cortical cells, and that postinhibition rebound bursting contributes to thalamocortical oscillations during sleep. Bursts are considered stereotyped signals; however, there is limited evidence regarding how burst properties compare across thalamic nuclei of different functional or anatomical organization. Here, we used whole-cell patch clamp recordings and compartmental modeling to investigate the properties of bursts in six sensory thalamic nuclei, to study the mechanisms that can lead to different burst properties, and to assess the implications of different burst properties for thalamocortical transmission and oscillatory functions. We found that bursts in higher-order cells on average had higher number of spikes and longer latency to the first spike. Additionally, burst features in first-order neurons were determined by sensory modality. Shifting the voltage-dependence and density of the T-channel conductance in a compartmental model replicates the burst properties from the intracellular recordings, pointing to molecular mechanisms that can generate burst diversity. Furthermore, the model predicts that bursts with higher number of spikes will drastically reduce the effectiveness of thalamocortical transmission. In addition, the latency to burst limited the rebound oscillatory frequency in modeled cells. These results demonstrate that burst properties vary according to the thalamocortical hierarchy and with sensory modality. The findings imply that, while in burst mode, thalamocortical transmission and firing frequency will be determined by the number of spikes and latency to burst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi Vasant Desai
- Psychology Department, Jupiter Life Sciences Initiative, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, Florida, USA
| | - Carmen Varela
- Psychology Department, Jupiter Life Sciences Initiative, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, Florida, USA
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29
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Schall JD, Paré M. The unknown but knowable relationship between Presaccadic Accumulation of activity and Saccade initiation. J Comput Neurosci 2021; 49:213-228. [PMID: 33712942 DOI: 10.1007/s10827-021-00784-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The goal of this short review is to call attention to a yawning gap of knowledge that separates two processes essential for saccade production. On the one hand, knowledge about the saccade generation circuitry within the brainstem is detailed and precise - push-pull interactions between gaze-shifting and gaze-holding processes control the time of saccade initiation, which begins when omnipause neurons are inhibited and brainstem burst neurons are excited. On the other hand, knowledge about the cortical and subcortical premotor circuitry accomplishing saccade initiation has crystalized around the concept of stochastic accumulation - the accumulating activity of saccade neurons reaching a fixed value triggers a saccade. Here is the gap: we do not know how the reaching of a threshold by premotor neurons causes the critical pause and burst of brainstem neurons that initiates saccades. Why this problem matters and how it can be addressed will be discussed. Closing the gap would unify two rich but curiously disconnected empirical and theoretical domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey D Schall
- Centre for Vision Research, Vision Science to Application, Department of Biology, York University, Ontario, M3J 1P3, Toronto, Canada.
| | - Martin Paré
- Department of Biomedical & Molecular Sciences and of Psychology, Queen's University, Ontario, ON K7L 3N6, Kingston, Canada
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30
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Abstract
Dragonflies visually detect prey and conspecifics, rapidly pursuing these targets via acrobatic flights. Over many decades, studies have investigated the elaborate neuronal circuits proposed to underlie this rapid behaviour. A subset of dragonfly visual neurons exhibit exquisite tuning to small, moving targets even when presented in cluttered backgrounds. In prior work, these neuronal responses were quantified by computing the rate of spikes fired during an analysis window of interest. However, neuronal systems can utilize a variety of neuronal coding principles to signal information, so a spike train’s information content is not necessarily encapsulated by spike rate alone. One example of this is burst coding, where neurons fire rapid bursts of spikes, followed by a period of inactivity. Here we show that the most studied target-detecting neuron in dragonflies, CSTMD1, responds to moving targets with a series of spike bursts. This spiking activity differs from those in other identified visual neurons in the dragonfly, indicative of different physiological mechanisms underlying CSTMD1’s spike generation. Burst codes present several advantages and disadvantages compared to other coding approaches. We propose functional implications of CSTMD1’s burst coding activity and show that spike bursts enhance the robustness of target-evoked responses.
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31
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Shin H, Jeong S, Lee JH, Sun W, Choi N, Cho IJ. 3D high-density microelectrode array with optical stimulation and drug delivery for investigating neural circuit dynamics. Nat Commun 2021; 12:492. [PMID: 33479237 PMCID: PMC7820464 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20763-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Investigation of neural circuit dynamics is crucial for deciphering the functional connections among regions of the brain and understanding the mechanism of brain dysfunction. Despite the advancements of neural circuit models in vitro, technologies for both precisely monitoring and modulating neural activities within three-dimensional (3D) neural circuit models have yet to be developed. Specifically, no existing 3D microelectrode arrays (MEAs) have integrated capabilities to stimulate surrounding neurons and to monitor the temporal evolution of the formation of a neural network in real time. Herein, we present a 3D high-density multifunctional MEA with optical stimulation and drug delivery for investigating neural circuit dynamics within engineered 3D neural tissues. We demonstrate precise measurements of synaptic latencies in 3D neural networks. We expect our 3D multifunctional MEA to open up opportunities for studies of neural circuits through precise, in vitro investigations of neural circuit dynamics with 3D brain models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyogeun Shin
- Center for BioMicrosystems, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sohyeon Jeong
- Center for BioMicrosystems, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Hyun Lee
- Department of Anatomy, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Woong Sun
- Department of Anatomy, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Nakwon Choi
- Center for BioMicrosystems, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Il-Joo Cho
- Center for BioMicrosystems, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Yonsei-KIST Convergence Research Institute, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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32
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Palmer SE, Wright BD, Doupe AJ, Kao MH. Variable but not random: temporal pattern coding in a songbird brain area necessary for song modification. J Neurophysiol 2020; 125:540-555. [PMID: 33296616 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00034.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Practice of a complex motor gesture involves motor exploration to attain a better match to target, but little is known about the neural code for such exploration. We examine spiking in a premotor area of the songbird brain critical for song modification and quantify correlations between spiking and time in the motor sequence. While isolated spikes code for time in song during performance of song to a female bird, extended strings of spiking and silence, particularly bursts, code for time in song during undirected (solo) singing, or "practice." Bursts code for particular times in song with more information than individual spikes, and this spike-spike synergy is significantly higher during undirected singing. The observed pattern information cannot be accounted for by a Poisson model with a matched time-varying rate, indicating that the precise timing of spikes in both bursts in undirected singing and isolated spikes in directed singing code for song with a temporal code. Temporal coding during practice supports the hypothesis that lateral magnocellular nucleus of the anterior nidopallium neurons actively guide song modification at local instances in time.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This paper shows that bursts of spikes in the songbird brain during practice carry information about the output motor pattern. The brain's code for song changes with social context, in performance versus practice. Synergistic combinations of spiking and silence code for time in the bird's song. This is one of the first uses of information theory to quantify neural information about a motor output. This activity may guide changes to the song.
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Affiliation(s)
- S E Palmer
- Department of Organismal Biology and Anatomy, Department of Physics, Committee on Computational Neuroscience, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - B D Wright
- Department of Organismal Biology and Anatomy, Department of Physics, Committee on Computational Neuroscience, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - A J Doupe
- Department of Organismal Biology and Anatomy, Department of Physics, Committee on Computational Neuroscience, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - M H Kao
- Department of Biology & Program in Neuroscience, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts
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33
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Piette C, Touboul J, Venance L. Engrams of Fast Learning. Front Cell Neurosci 2020; 14:575915. [PMID: 33250712 PMCID: PMC7676431 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2020.575915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Fast learning designates the behavioral and neuronal mechanisms underlying the acquisition of a long-term memory trace after a unique and brief experience. As such it is opposed to incremental, slower reinforcement or procedural learning requiring repetitive training. This learning process, found in most animal species, exists in a large spectrum of natural behaviors, such as one-shot associative, spatial, or perceptual learning, and is a core principle of human episodic memory. We review here the neuronal and synaptic long-term changes associated with fast learning in mammals and discuss some hypotheses related to their underlying mechanisms. We first describe the variety of behavioral paradigms used to test fast learning memories: those preferentially involve a single and brief (from few hundred milliseconds to few minutes) exposures to salient stimuli, sufficient to trigger a long-lasting memory trace and new adaptive responses. We then focus on neuronal activity patterns observed during fast learning and the emergence of long-term selective responses, before documenting the physiological correlates of fast learning. In the search for the engrams of fast learning, a growing body of evidence highlights long-term changes in gene expression, structural, intrinsic, and synaptic plasticities. Finally, we discuss the potential role of the sparse and bursting nature of neuronal activity observed during the fast learning, especially in the induction plasticity mechanisms leading to the rapid establishment of long-term synaptic modifications. We conclude with more theoretical perspectives on network dynamics that could enable fast learning, with an overview of some theoretical approaches in cognitive neuroscience and artificial intelligence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Piette
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, College de France, INSERM U1050, CNRS UMR7241, Université PSL, Paris, France.,Department of Mathematics and Volen National Center for Complex Systems, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA, United States
| | - Jonathan Touboul
- Department of Mathematics and Volen National Center for Complex Systems, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA, United States
| | - Laurent Venance
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, College de France, INSERM U1050, CNRS UMR7241, Université PSL, Paris, France
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34
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Wang GH, Chou P, Hsueh SW, Yang YC, Kuo CC. Glutamate transmission rather than cellular pacemaking propels excitatory-inhibitory resonance for ictogenesis in amygdala. Neurobiol Dis 2020; 148:105188. [PMID: 33221531 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2020.105188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Epileptic seizures are automatic, excessive, and synchronized neuronal activities originating from many brain regions especially the amygdala, the allocortices and neocortices. This may reflect a shared principle for network organization and signaling in these telencephalic structures. In theory, the automaticity of epileptic discharges may stem from spontaneously active "oscillator" neurons equipped with intrinsic pacemaking conductances, or from a group of synaptically-connected collaborating "resonator" neurons. In the basolateral amygdalar (BLA) network of pyramidal-inhibitory (PN-IN) neuronal resonators, we demonstrated that rhythmogenic currents are provided by glutamatergic rather than the classic intrinsic or cellular pacemaking conductances (namely the h currents). The excitatory output of glutamatergic neurons such as PNs presumably propels a novel network-based "relay burst mode" of discharges especially in INs, which precondition PNs into a state prone to burst discharges and thus further glutamate release. Also, selective activation of unilateral PNs, but never INs, readily drives bilateral BLA networks into reverberating discharges which are fully synchronized with the behavioral manifestations of seizures (e.g. muscle contractions). Seizures originating in BLA and/or the other structures with similar PN-IN networks thus could be viewed as glutamate-triggered erroneous network oscillations that are normally responsible for information relay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guan-Hsun Wang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan; School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan; Department of Medical Education, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Ping Chou
- Department of Physiology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Wei Hsueh
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Chin Yang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan; Neuroscience Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan.
| | - Chung-Chin Kuo
- Department of Physiology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Neurology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
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35
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Chou P, Wang GH, Hsueh SW, Yang YC, Kuo CC. Delta-Frequency Augmentation and Synchronization in Seizure Discharges and Telencephalic Transmission. iScience 2020; 23:101666. [PMID: 33134896 PMCID: PMC7586134 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Epileptic seizures constitute a common neurological disease primarily diagnosed by characteristic rhythms or waves in the local field potentials (LFPs) of cerebral cortices or electroencephalograms. With a basolateral amygdala (BLA) kindling model, we found that the dominant frequency of BLA oscillations is in the delta range (1-5 Hz) in both normal and seizure conditions. Multi-unit discharges are increased with higher seizure staging but remain phase-locked to the delta waves in LFPs. Also, the change in synchrony precedes and outlasts the changes in discharging units as well as behavioral seizures. One short train of stimuli readily drives the pyramidal-inhibitory neuronal networks in BLA slices into prolonged reverberating activities, where the burst and interburst intervals may concurrently set a "natural wavelength" for delta frequencies. Seizures thus could be viewed as erroneous temporospatial continuums to normal oscillations in a system with a built-in synchronizing and resonating nature for information relay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Chou
- Department of Physiology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, 1 Jen-Ai Road, 1st Section, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Guan-Hsun Wang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, 259 Wen-Hwa 1st Road, Kwei-Shan, Tao-Yuan 333, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Education, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Wei Hsueh
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Chin Yang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, 259 Wen-Hwa 1st Road, Kwei-Shan, Tao-Yuan 333, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
- Neuroscience Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Chin Kuo
- Department of Physiology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, 1 Jen-Ai Road, 1st Section, Taipei 100, Taiwan
- Department of Neurology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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36
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Ishii T, Hosoya T. Interspike intervals within retinal spike bursts combinatorially encode multiple stimulus features. PLoS Comput Biol 2020; 16:e1007726. [PMID: 33156853 PMCID: PMC7738174 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1007726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurons in various regions of the brain generate spike bursts. While the number of spikes within a burst has been shown to carry information, information coding by interspike intervals (ISIs) is less well understood. In particular, a burst with k spikes has k−1 intraburst ISIs, and these k−1 ISIs could theoretically encode k−1 independent values. In this study, we demonstrate that such combinatorial coding occurs for retinal bursts. By recording ganglion cell spikes from isolated salamander retinae, we found that intraburst ISIs encode oscillatory light sequences that are much faster than the light intensity modulation encoded by the number of spikes. When a burst has three spikes, the two intraburst ISIs combinatorially encode the amplitude and phase of the oscillatory sequence. Analysis of trial-to-trial variability suggested that intraburst ISIs are regulated by two independent mechanisms responding to orthogonal oscillatory components, one of which is common to bursts with a different number of spikes. Therefore, the retina encodes multiple stimulus features by exploiting all degrees of freedom of burst spike patterns, i.e., the spike number and multiple intraburst ISIs. Neurons in various regions of the brain generate spike bursts. Bursts are typically composed of a few spikes generated within dozens of milliseconds, and individual bursts are separated by much longer periods of silence (~hundreds of milliseconds). Recent evidence indicates that the number of spikes in a burst, the interspike intervals (ISIs), and the overall duration of a burst, as well as the timing of burst onset, encode information. However, it remains unknown whether multiple ISIs within a single burst encode multiple input features. Here we demonstrate that such combinatorial ISI coding occurs for spike bursts in the retina. We recorded ganglion cell spikes from isolated salamander retinae stimulated with computer-generated movies. Visual response analyses indicated that multiple ISIs within a single burst combinatorially encode the phase and amplitude of oscillatory light sequences, which are different from the stimulus feature encoded by the spike number. The result demonstrates that the retina encodes multiple stimulus features by exploiting all degrees of freedom of burst spike patterns, i.e., the spike number and multiple intraburst ISIs. Because synaptic transmission in the visual system is highly sensitive to ISIs, the combinatorial ISI coding must have a major impact on visual information processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiyuki Ishii
- RIKEN Center for Brain Science and RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Wako-shi, Saitama, Japan
- Toho University, Funabashi-shi, Chiba, Japan
- Department of Physiology, Nippon Medical School, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Hosoya
- RIKEN Center for Brain Science and RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Wako-shi, Saitama, Japan
- * E-mail:
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37
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Wang M, Liao X, Li R, Liang S, Ding R, Li J, Zhang J, He W, Liu K, Pan J, Zhao Z, Li T, Zhang K, Li X, Lyu J, Zhou Z, Varga Z, Mi Y, Zhou Y, Yan J, Zeng S, Liu JK, Konnerth A, Nelken I, Jia H, Chen X. Single-neuron representation of learned complex sounds in the auditory cortex. Nat Commun 2020; 11:4361. [PMID: 32868773 PMCID: PMC7459331 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18142-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The sensory responses of cortical neuronal populations following training have been extensively studied. However, the spike firing properties of individual cortical neurons following training remain unknown. Here, we have combined two-photon Ca2+ imaging and single-cell electrophysiology in awake behaving mice following auditory associative training. We find a sparse set (~5%) of layer 2/3 neurons in the primary auditory cortex, each of which reliably exhibits high-rate prolonged burst firing responses to the trained sound. Such bursts are largely absent in the auditory cortex of untrained mice. Strikingly, in mice trained with different multitone chords, we discover distinct subsets of neurons that exhibit bursting responses specifically to a chord but neither to any constituent tone nor to the other chord. Thus, our results demonstrate an integrated representation of learned complex sounds in a small subset of cortical neurons. Using a combination of two-photon imaging and single-cell electrophysiology, the authors discover that associative learning induces the emergence of a unique subset of neurons in the auditory cortex, exhibiting high-rate bursting responses to the learned complex sounds but not to any of the constituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Wang
- Brain Research Center and State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns, and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China.,Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of Ministry of Education, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Xiang Liao
- Center for Neurointelligence, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China.
| | - Ruijie Li
- Brain Research Center and State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns, and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Shanshan Liang
- Brain Research Center and State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns, and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Ran Ding
- Brain Research Center and State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns, and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Jingcheng Li
- Brain Research Center and State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns, and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Jianxiong Zhang
- Brain Research Center and State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns, and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Wenjing He
- Brain Research Center and State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns, and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Ke Liu
- Brain Research Center and State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns, and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Junxia Pan
- Brain Research Center and State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns, and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Zhikai Zhao
- Brain Research Center and State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns, and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Tong Li
- Brain Research Center and State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns, and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Kuan Zhang
- Brain Research Center and State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns, and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Xingyi Li
- Brain Research Center and State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns, and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China.,Center for Neurointelligence, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China
| | - Jing Lyu
- Brain Research Instrument Innovation Center, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215163, China
| | - Zhenqiao Zhou
- Brain Research Instrument Innovation Center, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215163, China
| | - Zsuzsanna Varga
- Institute of Neuroscience and the SyNergy Cluster, Technical University Munich, 80802, Munich, Germany
| | - Yuanyuan Mi
- Center for Neurointelligence, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China
| | - Yi Zhou
- Advanced Institute for Brain and Intelligence, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Junan Yan
- Advanced Institute for Brain and Intelligence, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Shaoqun Zeng
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of Ministry of Education, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Jian K Liu
- Centre for Systems Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, Psychology and Behaviour, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Arthur Konnerth
- Institute of Neuroscience and the SyNergy Cluster, Technical University Munich, 80802, Munich, Germany
| | - Israel Nelken
- The Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences, and the Department of Neurobiology, Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, 91904, Israel
| | - Hongbo Jia
- Brain Research Instrument Innovation Center, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215163, China. .,Institute of Neuroscience and the SyNergy Cluster, Technical University Munich, 80802, Munich, Germany. .,Advanced Institute for Brain and Intelligence, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China.
| | - Xiaowei Chen
- Brain Research Center and State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns, and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China. .,CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.
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Minoshima W, Masui K, Tani T, Nawa Y, Fujita S, Ishitobi H, Hosokawa C, Inouye Y. Deuterated Glutamate-Mediated Neuronal Activity on Micro-Electrode Arrays. MICROMACHINES 2020; 11:mi11090830. [PMID: 32878218 PMCID: PMC7569784 DOI: 10.3390/mi11090830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The excitatory synaptic transmission is mediated by glutamate in neuronal networks of the mammalian brain. In addition to the synaptic glutamate, extra-synaptic glutamate is known to modulate the neuronal activity. In neuronal networks, glutamate uptake is an important role of neurons and glial cells for lowering the concentration of extracellular glutamate and to avoid the excitotoxicity by glutamate. Monitoring the spatial distribution of intracellular glutamate is important to study the uptake of glutamate, but the approach has been hampered by the absence of appropriate glutamate analogs that report the localization of glutamate. Deuterium-labeled glutamate (GLU-D) is a promising tracer for monitoring the intracellular concentration of glutamate, but physiological properties of GLU-D have not been studied. Here we study the effects of extracellular GLU-D for the neuronal activity by using primary cultured rat hippocampal neurons that form neuronal networks on microelectrodes array. The frequency of firing in the spontaneous activity of neurons increased with the increasing concentration of extracellular GLU-D. The frequency of synchronized burst activity in neurons increased similarly as we observed in the spontaneous activity. These changes of the neuronal activity with extracellular GLU-D were suppressed by antagonists of glutamate receptors. These results suggest that GLU-D can be used as an analog of glutamate with equivalent effects for facilitating the neuronal activity. We anticipate GLU-D developing as a promising analog of glutamate for studying the dynamics of glutamate during neuronal activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wataru Minoshima
- AIST–Osaka University Advanced Photonics and Biosensing Open Innovation Laboratory, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, AIST, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; (W.M.); (K.M.); (Y.N.); (S.F.); (H.I.)
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kyoko Masui
- AIST–Osaka University Advanced Photonics and Biosensing Open Innovation Laboratory, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, AIST, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; (W.M.); (K.M.); (Y.N.); (S.F.); (H.I.)
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tomomi Tani
- Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Ikeda 563-0026, Japan;
| | - Yasunori Nawa
- AIST–Osaka University Advanced Photonics and Biosensing Open Innovation Laboratory, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, AIST, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; (W.M.); (K.M.); (Y.N.); (S.F.); (H.I.)
- Department of Applied Physics, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Satoshi Fujita
- AIST–Osaka University Advanced Photonics and Biosensing Open Innovation Laboratory, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, AIST, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; (W.M.); (K.M.); (Y.N.); (S.F.); (H.I.)
- Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Ikeda 563-0026, Japan;
- Department of Applied Physics, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hidekazu Ishitobi
- AIST–Osaka University Advanced Photonics and Biosensing Open Innovation Laboratory, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, AIST, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; (W.M.); (K.M.); (Y.N.); (S.F.); (H.I.)
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Department of Applied Physics, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Chie Hosokawa
- AIST–Osaka University Advanced Photonics and Biosensing Open Innovation Laboratory, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, AIST, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; (W.M.); (K.M.); (Y.N.); (S.F.); (H.I.)
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Molecular Materials Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
- Correspondence: (C.H.); (Y.I.); Tel.: +81-6-6605-3700 (C.H.); +81-6-6879-4615 (Y.I.)
| | - Yasushi Inouye
- AIST–Osaka University Advanced Photonics and Biosensing Open Innovation Laboratory, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, AIST, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; (W.M.); (K.M.); (Y.N.); (S.F.); (H.I.)
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Department of Applied Physics, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Correspondence: (C.H.); (Y.I.); Tel.: +81-6-6605-3700 (C.H.); +81-6-6879-4615 (Y.I.)
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Ahn J, Phan HL, Cha S, Koo KI, Yoo Y, Goo YS. Synchrony of Spontaneous Burst Firing between Retinal Ganglion Cells Across Species. Exp Neurobiol 2020; 29:285-299. [PMID: 32921641 PMCID: PMC7492847 DOI: 10.5607/en20025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurons communicate with other neurons in response to environmental changes. Their goal is to transmit information to their targets reliably. A burst, which consists of multiple spikes within a short time interval, plays an essential role in enhancing the reliability of information transmission through synapses. In the visual system, retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), the output neurons of the retina, show bursting activity and transmit retinal information to the lateral geniculate neuron of the thalamus. In this study, to extend our interest to the population level, the burstings of multiple RGCs were simultaneously recorded using a multi-channel recording system. As the first step in network analysis, we focused on investigating the pairwise burst correlation between two RGCs. Furthermore, to assess if the population bursting is preserved across species, we compared the synchronized bursting of RGCs between marmoset monkey (callithrix jacchus), one species of the new world monkeys and mouse (C57BL/6J strain). First, monkey RGCs showed a larger number of spikes within a burst, while the inter-spike interval, burst duration, and inter-burst interval were smaller compared with mouse RGCs. Monkey RGCs showed a strong burst synchronization between RGCs, whereas mouse RGCs showed no correlated burst firing. Monkey RGC pairs showed significantly higher burst synchrony and mutual information than mouse RGC pairs did. Comprehensively, through this study, we emphasize that two species have a different bursting activity of RGCs and different burst synchronization suggesting two species have distinctive retinal processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jungryul Ahn
- Department of Physiology, Chungbuk National University School of Medicine, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Huu Lam Phan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 44610, Korea
| | - Seongkwang Cha
- Department of Physiology, Chungbuk National University School of Medicine, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Kyo-In Koo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 44610, Korea
| | - Yongseok Yoo
- Department of Electronics Engineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Korea
| | - Yong Sook Goo
- Department of Physiology, Chungbuk National University School of Medicine, Cheongju 28644, Korea
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Ng KKW, Olausson C, Vickery RM, Birznieks I. Temporal patterns in electrical nerve stimulation: Burst gap code shapes tactile frequency perception. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0237440. [PMID: 32790784 PMCID: PMC7425972 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0237440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously described a novel temporal encoding mechanism in the somatosensory system, where mechanical pulses grouped into periodic bursts create a perceived tactile frequency based on the duration of the silent gap between bursts, rather than the mean rate or the periodicity. This coding strategy may offer new opportunities for transmitting information to the brain using various sensory neural prostheses and haptic interfaces. However, it was not known whether the same coding mechanisms apply when using electrical stimulation, which recruits a different spectrum of afferents. Here, we demonstrate that the predictions of the burst gap coding model for frequency perception apply to burst stimuli delivered with electrical pulses, re-emphasising the importance of the temporal structure of spike patterns in neural processing and perception of tactile stimuli. Reciprocally, the electrical stimulation data confirm that the results observed with mechanical stimulation do indeed depend on neural processing mechanisms in the central nervous system, and are not due to skin mechanical factors and resulting patterns of afferent activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin K. W. Ng
- School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Christoffer Olausson
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Richard M. Vickery
- School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ingvars Birznieks
- School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, Australia
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41
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Structural Correlates of CA2 and CA3 Pyramidal Cell Activity in Freely-Moving Mice. J Neurosci 2020; 40:5797-5806. [PMID: 32554511 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0099-20.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasticity within hippocampal circuits is essential for memory functions. The hippocampal CA2/CA3 region is thought to be able to rapidly store incoming information by plastic modifications of synaptic weights within its recurrent network. High-frequency spike-bursts are believed to be essential for this process, by serving as triggers for synaptic plasticity. Given the diversity of CA2/CA3 pyramidal neurons, it is currently unknown whether and how burst activity, assessed in vivo during natural behavior, relates to principal cell heterogeneity. To explore this issue, we juxtacellularly recorded the activity of single CA2/CA3 neurons from freely-moving male mice, exploring a familiar environment. In line with previous work, we found that spatial and temporal activity patterns of pyramidal neurons correlated with their topographical position. Morphometric analysis revealed that neurons with a higher proportion of distal dendritic length displayed a higher tendency to fire spike-bursts. We propose that the dendritic architecture of pyramidal neurons might determine burst-firing by setting the relative amount of distal excitatory inputs from the entorhinal cortex.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT High-frequency spike-bursts are thought to serve fundamental computational roles within neural circuits. Within hippocampal circuits, spike-bursts are believed to serve as potent instructive signals, which increase the efficiency of information transfer and induce rapid modifications of synaptic efficacies. In the present study, by juxtacellularly recording and labeling single CA2/CA3 neurons in freely-moving mice, we explored whether and how burst propensity relates to pyramidal cell heterogeneity. We provide evidence that, within the CA2/CA3 region, neurons with higher proportion of distal dendritic length display a higher tendency to fire spike-bursts. Thus, the relative amount of entorhinal inputs, arriving onto the distal dendrites, might determine the burst propensity of individual CA2/CA3 neurons in vivo during natural behavior.
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Royds J, Conroy MJ, Dunne MR, Cassidy H, Matallanas D, Lysaght J, McCrory C. Examination and characterisation of burst spinal cord stimulation on cerebrospinal fluid cellular and protein constituents in patient responders with chronic neuropathic pain - A Pilot Study. J Neuroimmunol 2020; 344:577249. [PMID: 32361148 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2020.577249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Patients with neuropathic pain have altered proteomic and neuropeptide constituents in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) compared to controls. Tonic spinal cord stimulation (SCS) has demonstrated differential expression of neuropeptides in CSF before and after treatment suggesting potential mechanisms of action. Burst-SCS is an evidence-based paraesthesia free waveform utilised for neuropathic pain with a potentially different mechanistic action to tonic SCS. This study examines the dynamic biological changes of CSF at a cellular and proteome level after Burst-SCS. METHODS Patients with neuropathic pain selected for SCS had CSF sampled prior to implant of SCS and following 8 weeks of continuous Burst-SCS. Baseline and 8-week pain scores with demographics were recorded. T cell frequencies were analysed by flow cytometry, proteome analysis was performed using mass spectrometry and secreted cytokines, chemokines and neurotrophins were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS 4 patients (2 females, 2 males) with a mean age of 51 years (+/-SEM 2.74, SD 5.48) achieved a reduction in pain of >50% following 8 weeks of Burst-SCS. Analysis of the CSF proteome indicated a significant alteration in protein expression most related to synapse assembly and immune regulators. There was significantly lower expression of the proteins: growth hormone A1 (PRL), somatostatin (SST), nucleobindin-2 (NUCB2), Calbindin (CALB1), acyl-CoA binding protein (DBI), proSAAS (PCSK1N), endothelin-3 (END3) and cholecystokinin (CCK) after Burst-SCS. The concentrations of secreted chemokines and cytokines and the frequencies of T cells were not significantly changed following Burst-SCS. CONCLUSION This study characterised the alteration in the CSF proteome in response to burst SCS in vivo. Functional analysis indicated that the alterations in the CSF proteome is predominately linked to synapse assembly and immune effectors. Individual protein analysis also suggests potential supraspinal mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Royds
- Department of Pain Medicine, St. James Hospital, Dublin and School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Melissa J Conroy
- Department of Surgery, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, St. James's Hospital and Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Margaret R Dunne
- Department of Surgery, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, St. James's Hospital and Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Hilary Cassidy
- Systems Biology Ireland, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - David Matallanas
- Systems Biology Ireland, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Joanne Lysaght
- Department of Surgery, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, St. James's Hospital and Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Connail McCrory
- Department of Pain Medicine, St. James Hospital, Dublin and School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
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43
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Marquez MM, Chacron MJ. Serotonin modulates optimized coding of natural stimuli through increased neural and behavioural responses via enhanced burst firing. J Physiol 2020; 598:1573-1589. [DOI: 10.1113/jp278940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
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Merivee E, Must A, Nurme K, Di Giulio A, Muzzi M, Williams I, Mänd M. Neural Code for Ambient Heat Detection in Elaterid Beetles. Front Behav Neurosci 2020; 14:1. [PMID: 32116586 PMCID: PMC7016213 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2020.00001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental thermal conditions play a major role at all levels of biological organization; however, there is little information on noxious high temperature sensation crucial in behavioral thermoregulation and survival of small ectothermic animals such as insects. So far, a capability to unambiguously encode heat has been demonstrated only for the sensory triad of the spike bursting thermo- and two bimodal hygro-thermoreceptor neurons located in the antennal dome-shaped sensilla (DSS) in a carabid beetle. We used extracellular single sensillum recording in the range of 20-45°C to demonstrate that a similar sensory triad in the elaterid Agriotes obscurus also produces high temperature-induced bursty spike trains. Several parameters of the bursts are temperature dependent, allowing the neurons in a certain order to encode different, but partly overlapping ranges of heat up to lethal levels in a graded manner. ISI in a burst is the most useful parameter out of six. Our findings consider spike bursting as a general, fundamental quality of the classical sensory triad of antennal thermo- and hygro-thermoreceptor neurons widespread in many insect groups, being a flexible and reliable mode of coding unfavorably high temperatures. The possible involvement of spike bursting in behavioral thermoregulation of the beetles is discussed. By contrast, the mean firing rate of the neurons in regular and bursty spike trains combined does not carry useful thermal information at the high end of noxious heat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enno Merivee
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Anne Must
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Karin Nurme
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia
| | | | - Maurizio Muzzi
- Department of Science, University of Roma Tre, Rome, Italy
| | - Ingrid Williams
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Marika Mänd
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia
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45
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Brown JW, Taheri A, Kenyon RV, Berger-Wolf TY, Llano DA. Signal Propagation via Open-Loop Intrathalamic Architectures: A Computational Model. eNeuro 2020; 7:ENEURO.0441-19.2020. [PMID: 32005750 PMCID: PMC7053175 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0441-19.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Propagation of signals across the cerebral cortex is a core component of many cognitive processes and is generally thought to be mediated by direct intracortical connectivity. The thalamus, by contrast, is considered to be devoid of internal connections and organized as a collection of parallel inputs to the cortex. Here, we provide evidence that "open-loop" intrathalamic pathways involving the thalamic reticular nucleus (TRN) can support propagation of oscillatory activity across the cortex. Recent studies support the existence of open-loop thalamo-reticulo-thalamic (TC-TRN-TC) synaptic motifs in addition to traditional closed-loop architectures. We hypothesized that open-loop structural modules, when connected in series, might underlie thalamic and, therefore cortical, signal propagation. Using a supercomputing platform to simulate thousands of permutations of a thalamocortical network based on physiological data collected in mice, rats, ferrets, and cats and in which select synapses were allowed to vary both by class and individually, we evaluated the relative capacities of closed-loop and open-loop TC-TRN-TC synaptic configurations to support both propagation and oscillation. We observed that (1) signal propagation was best supported in networks possessing strong open-loop TC-TRN-TC connectivity; (2) intrareticular synapses were neither primary substrates of propagation nor oscillation; and (3) heterogeneous synaptic networks supported more robust propagation of oscillation than their homogeneous counterparts. These findings suggest that open-loop, heterogeneous intrathalamic architectures might complement direct intracortical connectivity to facilitate cortical signal propagation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey W Brown
- College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
| | - Aynaz Taheri
- Department of Computer Science, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607
| | - Robert V Kenyon
- Department of Computer Science, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607
| | - Tanya Y Berger-Wolf
- Department of Computer Science, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607
| | - Daniel A Llano
- College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
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Wang L, Moenter SM. Differential Roles of Hypothalamic AVPV and Arcuate Kisspeptin Neurons in Estradiol Feedback Regulation of Female Reproduction. Neuroendocrinology 2020; 110:172-184. [PMID: 31466075 PMCID: PMC7047625 DOI: 10.1159/000503006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian reproductive function includes puberty onset and completion, reproductive cyclicity, steroidogenesis, gametogenesis, fertilization, pregnancy, and lactation; all are indispensable to perpetuate species. Reproductive cycles are critical for providing the hormonal milieu needed for follicular development and maturation of eggs, but cycles, in and of themselves, do not guarantee ovulation will occur. Here, we review the roles in female reproductive neuroendocrine function of two hypothalamic populations that produce the neuropeptide kisspeptin, demonstrating distinct roles in maintaining cycles and ovulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luhong Wang
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Suzanne M Moenter
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA,
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA,
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA,
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Voloh B, Womelsdorf T. Cell-Type Specific Burst Firing Interacts with Theta and Beta Activity in Prefrontal Cortex During Attention States. Cereb Cortex 2019; 28:4348-4364. [PMID: 29136106 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhx287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Population-level theta and beta band activity in anterior cingulate and prefrontal cortices (ACC/PFC) are prominent signatures of self-controlled, adaptive behaviors. But how these rhythmic activities are linked to cell-type specific activity has remained unclear. Here, we suggest such a cell-to-systems level linkage. We found that the rate of burst spiking events is enhanced particularly during attention states and that attention-specific burst spikes have a unique temporal relationship to local theta and beta band population-level activities. For the 5-10 Hz theta frequency range, bursts coincided with transient increases of local theta power relative to nonbursts, particularly for bursts of putative interneurons. For the 16-30 Hz beta frequency, bursts of putative interneurons phase synchronized stronger than nonbursts, and were associated with larger beta power modulation. In contrast, burst of putative pyramidal cells showed similar beta power modulation as nonbursts, but were accompanied by stronger beta power only when they occurred early in the beta cycle. These findings suggest that in the ACC/PFC during attention states, mechanisms underlying burst firing are intimately linked to narrow band population-level activities, providing a cell-type specific window into rhythmic inhibitory gating and the emergence of rhythmically coherent network states during goal directed behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Voloh
- Department of Biology, Centre for Vision Research, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, PMB 407817, 2301 Vanderbilt Place, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - T Womelsdorf
- Department of Biology, Centre for Vision Research, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, PMB 407817, 2301 Vanderbilt Place, Nashville, TN, USA
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Park S, Sohn JW, Cho J, Huh Y. A Computational Modeling Reveals That Strength of Inhibitory Input, E/I Balance, and Distance of Excitatory Input Modulate Thalamocortical Bursting Properties. Exp Neurobiol 2019; 28:568-577. [PMID: 31698549 PMCID: PMC6844838 DOI: 10.5607/en.2019.28.5.568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 10/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The thalamus is a brain structure known to modulate sensory information before relaying to the cortex. The unique ability of a thalamocortical (TC) neuron to switch between the high frequency burst firing and single spike tonic firing has been implicated to have a key role in sensory modulation including pain. Of the two firing modes, burst firing, especially maintaining certain burst firing properties, was suggested to be critical in controlling nociceptive behaviors. Therefore, understanding the factors that influence burst firing properties would offer important insight into understanding sensory modulation. Using computational modeling, we investigated how the balance of excitatory and inhibitory inputs into a TC neuron influence TC bursting properties. We found that intensity of inhibitory inputs and the timing of excitatory input delivery control the dynamics of bursting properties. Then, to reflect a more realistic model, excitatory inputs delivered at different dendritic locations—proximal, intermediate, or distal—of a TC neuron were also investigated. Interestingly, excitatory input delivered into a distal dendrite, despite the furthest distance, had the strongest influence in shaping burst firing properties, suggesting that not all inputs equally contribute to modulating TC bursting properties. Overall, the results provide computational insights in understanding the detailed mechanism of the factors influencing temporal pattern of thalamic bursts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanggeon Park
- Department of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Gangneung 25601, Korea.,Translational Brain Research Center, Catholic Kwandong University International St. Mary's Hospital, Incheon 22711, Korea.,Department of Neuroscience, University of Science & Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea.,Center for Neuroscience, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Korea
| | - Jeong-Woo Sohn
- Department of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Gangneung 25601, Korea.,Translational Brain Research Center, Catholic Kwandong University International St. Mary's Hospital, Incheon 22711, Korea
| | - Jeiwon Cho
- Department of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Gangneung 25601, Korea.,Translational Brain Research Center, Catholic Kwandong University International St. Mary's Hospital, Incheon 22711, Korea
| | - Yeowool Huh
- Department of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Gangneung 25601, Korea.,Translational Brain Research Center, Catholic Kwandong University International St. Mary's Hospital, Incheon 22711, Korea
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Hofmann V, Chacron MJ. Novel Functions of Feedback in Electrosensory Processing. Front Integr Neurosci 2019; 13:52. [PMID: 31572137 PMCID: PMC6753188 DOI: 10.3389/fnint.2019.00052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental signals act as input and are processed across successive stages in the brain to generate a meaningful behavioral output. However, a ubiquitous observation is that descending feedback projections from more central to more peripheral brain areas vastly outnumber ascending feedforward projections. Such projections generally act to modify how sensory neurons respond to afferent signals. Recent studies in the electrosensory system of weakly electric fish have revealed novel functions for feedback pathways in that their transformation of the afferent input generates neural firing rate responses to sensory signals mediating perception and behavior. In this review, we focus on summarizing these novel and recently uncovered functions and put them into context by describing the more "classical" functions of feedback in the electrosensory system. We further highlight the parallels between the electrosensory system and other systems as well as outline interesting future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Volker Hofmann
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Cluster burst synchronization in a scale-free network of inhibitory bursting neurons. Cogn Neurodyn 2019; 14:69-94. [PMID: 32015768 DOI: 10.1007/s11571-019-09546-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
We consider a scale-free network of inhibitory Hindmarsh-Rose (HR) bursting neurons, and make a computational study on coupling-induced cluster burst synchronization by varying the average coupling strength J 0 . For sufficiently small J 0 , non-cluster desynchronized states exist. However, when passing a critical point J c ∗ ( ≃ 0.16 ) , the whole population is segregated into 3 clusters via a constructive role of synaptic inhibition to stimulate dynamical clustering between individual burstings, and thus 3-cluster desynchronized states appear. As J 0 is further increased and passes a lower threshold J l ∗ ( ≃ 0.78 ) , a transition to 3-cluster burst synchronization occurs due to another constructive role of synaptic inhibition to favor population synchronization. In this case, HR neurons in each cluster make burstings every 3rd cycle of the instantaneous burst rate R w ( t ) of the whole population, and exhibit burst synchronization. However, as J 0 passes an intermediate threshold J m ∗ ( ≃ 5.2 ) , HR neurons fire burstings intermittently at a 4th cycle of R w ( t ) via burst skipping rather than at its 3rd cycle, and hence they begin to make intermittent hoppings between the 3 clusters. Due to such intermittent intercluster hoppings via burst skippings, the 3 clusters become broken up (i.e., the 3 clusters are integrated into a single one). However, in spite of such break-up (i.e., disappearance) of the 3-cluster states, (non-cluster) burst synchronization persists in the whole population, which is well visualized in the raster plot of burst onset times where bursting stripes (composed of burst onset times and indicating burst synchronization) appear successively. With further increase in J 0 , intercluster hoppings are intensified, and bursting stripes also become dispersed more and more due to a destructive role of synaptic inhibition to spoil the burst synchronization. Eventually, when passing a higher threshold J h ∗ ( ≃ 17.8 ) a transition to desynchronization occurs via complete overlap between the bursting stripes. Finally, we also investigate the effects of stochastic noise on both 3-cluster burst synchronization and intercluster hoppings.
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