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Filtz A, Parihar S, Greenberg GS, Park CM, Scotti A, Lorenzatti D, Badimon JJ, Soffer DE, Toth PP, Lavie CJ, Bittner V, Virani SS, Slipczuk L. New approaches to triglyceride reduction: Is there any hope left? Am J Prev Cardiol 2024; 18:100648. [PMID: 38584606 PMCID: PMC10998004 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpc.2024.100648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Triglycerides play a crucial role in the efficient storage of energy in the body. Mild and moderate hypertriglyceridemia (HTG) is a heterogeneous disorder with significant association with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), including myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke, and peripheral artery disease and represents an important component of the residual ASCVD risk in statin treated patients despite optimal low-density lipoprotein cholesterol reduction. Individuals with severe HTG (>1,000 mg/dL) rarely develop atherosclerosis but have an incremental incidence of acute pancreatitis with significant morbidity and mortality. HTG can occur from a combination of genetic (both mono and polygenic) and environmental factors including poor diet, low physical activity, obesity, medications, and diseases like insulin resistance and other endocrine pathologies. HTG represents a potential target for ASCVD risk and pancreatitis risk reduction, however data on ASCVD reduction by treating HTG is still lacking and HTG-associated acute pancreatitis occurs too rarely to effectively demonstrate treatment benefit. In this review, we address the key aspects of HTG pathophysiology and examine the mechanisms and background of current and emerging therapies in the management of HTG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Filtz
- Cardiology Division, Montefiore-Einstein Center for Heart and Vascular Care, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Siddhant Parihar
- Cardiology Division, Montefiore-Einstein Center for Heart and Vascular Care, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Garred S Greenberg
- Cardiology Division, Montefiore-Einstein Center for Heart and Vascular Care, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Christine M Park
- Cardiology Division, Montefiore-Einstein Center for Heart and Vascular Care, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Andrea Scotti
- Cardiology Division, Montefiore-Einstein Center for Heart and Vascular Care, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Daniel Lorenzatti
- Cardiology Division, Montefiore-Einstein Center for Heart and Vascular Care, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Juan J Badimon
- Cardiology Department, Hospital General Jaen, Jaen, Spain
- Atherothrombosis Research Unit, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Daniel E Soffer
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Peter P Toth
- CGH Medical Center, Sterling, Illinois
- Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Carl J Lavie
- John Ochsner Heart and Vascular Institute, Ochsner Clinical School-the UQ School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Vera Bittner
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Salim S Virani
- Section of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
- Section of Cardiology, Texas Heart Institute & Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Leandro Slipczuk
- Cardiology Division, Montefiore-Einstein Center for Heart and Vascular Care, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
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Reyes-Farias M, Fernández-García P, Corrales P, González L, Soria-Gondek A, Martínez E, Pellitero S, Tarascó J, Moreno P, Sumoy L, Medina-Gómez G, Sánchez-Infantes D, Herrero L. Interleukin-16 is increased in obesity and alters adipogenesis and inflammation in vitro. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1346317. [PMID: 38544694 PMCID: PMC10965774 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1346317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Obesity is a chronic condition associated with low-grade inflammation mainly due to immune cell infiltration of white adipose tissue (WAT). WAT is distributed into two main depots: subcutaneous WAT (sWAT) and visceral WAT (vWAT), each with different biochemical features and metabolic roles. Proinflammatory cytokines including interleukin (IL)-16 are secreted by both adipocytes and infiltrated immune cells to upregulate inflammation. IL-16 has been widely studied in the peripheral proinflammatory immune response; however, little is known about its role in adipocytes in the context of obesity. Aim & Methods We aimed to study the levels of IL-16 in WAT derived from sWAT and vWAT depots of humans with obesity and the role of this cytokine in palmitate-exposed 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Results The results demonstrated that IL-16 expression was higher in vWAT compared with sWAT in individuals with obesity. In addition, IL-16 serum levels were higher in patients with obesity compared with normal-weight individuals, increased at 6 months after bariatric surgery, and at 12 months after surgery decreased to levels similar to before the intervention. Our in vitro models showed that IL-16 could modulate markers of adipogenesis (Pref1), lipid metabolism (Plin1, Cd36, and Glut4), fibrosis (Hif1a, Col4a, Col6a, and Vegf), and inflammatory signaling (IL6) during adipogenesis and in mature adipocytes. In addition, lipid accumulation and glycerol release assays suggested lipolysis alteration. Discussion Our results suggest a potential role of IL-16 in adipogenesis, lipid and glucose homeostasis, fibrosis, and inflammation in an obesity context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjorie Reyes-Farias
- Endocrinology department, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Badalona, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Patricia Corrales
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, University Rey Juan Carlos (URJC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Lorena González
- Endocrinology department, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Badalona, Spain
| | - Andrea Soria-Gondek
- Pediatric Surgery Department, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
| | - Ester Martínez
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, University Rey Juan Carlos (URJC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Silvia Pellitero
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Institute Research and Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Tarascó
- General Surgery Department, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
| | - Pau Moreno
- General Surgery Department, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
| | - Lauro Sumoy
- Endocrinology department, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Badalona, Spain
| | - Gema Medina-Gómez
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, University Rey Juan Carlos (URJC), Madrid, Spain
| | - David Sánchez-Infantes
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, University Rey Juan Carlos (URJC), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Herrero
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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El Sherbini A, Rosenson RS, Al Rifai M, Virk HUH, Wang Z, Virani S, Glicksberg BS, Lavie CJ, Krittanawong C. Artificial intelligence in preventive cardiology. Prog Cardiovasc Dis 2024:S0033-0620(24)00038-0. [PMID: 38460897 DOI: 10.1016/j.pcad.2024.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
Artificial intelligence (AI) is a field of study that strives to replicate aspects of human intelligence into machines. Preventive cardiology, a subspeciality of cardiovascular (CV) medicine, aims to target and mitigate known risk factors for CV disease (CVD). AI's integration into preventive cardiology may introduce novel treatment interventions and AI-centered clinician assistive tools to reduce the risk of CVD. AI's role in nutrition, weight loss, physical activity, sleep hygiene, blood pressure, dyslipidemia, smoking, alcohol, recreational drugs, and mental health has been investigated. AI has immense potential to be used for the screening, detection, and monitoring of the mentioned risk factors. However, the current literature must be supplemented with future clinical trials to evaluate the capabilities of AI interventions for preventive cardiology. This review discusses present examples, potentials, and limitations of AI's role for the primary and secondary prevention of CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adham El Sherbini
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Robert S Rosenson
- Cardiometabolics Unit, Mount Sinai Hospital, Mount Sinai Heart, NY, United States of America
| | - Mahmoud Al Rifai
- Houston Methodist DeBakey Heart & Vascular Center, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Hafeez Ul Hassan Virk
- Harrington Heart & Vascular Institute, Case Western Reserve University, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
| | - Zhen Wang
- Robert D. and Patricia E. Kern Center for the Science of Health Care Delivery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America; Division of Health Care Policy and Research, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America
| | - Salim Virani
- Section of Cardiology, The Aga Khan University, Texas Heart Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Benjamin S Glicksberg
- The Hasso Plattner Institute for Digital Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Carl J Lavie
- John Ochsner Heart and Vascular Institute, Ochsner Clinical School, The University of Queensland School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Chayakrit Krittanawong
- Cardiology Division, NYU Langone Health and NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States of America.
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Gemesi K, Winkler S, Schmidt-Tesch S, Schederecker F, Hauner H, Holzapfel C. Efficacy of an app-based multimodal lifestyle intervention on body weight in persons with obesity: results from a randomized controlled trial. Int J Obes (Lond) 2024; 48:118-126. [PMID: 38017117 PMCID: PMC10746538 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-023-01415-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite an increasing number of smartphone applications (apps) addressing weight management, data on the effect of app-based multimodal obesity treatment approaches on weight loss is limited. This study aimed to examine the effect of a digital multimodal weight loss intervention program delivered by an app on body weight in persons with obesity. METHODS For this single-centre randomized controlled study, 168 adults with a body mass index (BMI) between 30.0 and 40.0 kg/m2 without severe comorbidities were recruited in the region of Munich and randomized into two intervention groups. The ADHOC group received an app-based multimodal weight loss program from baseline on for 12 weeks plus 12 weeks of follow-up. The EXPECT group received the app-based intervention for 12 weeks after 12 weeks of "waiting" (no intervention). Anthropometric data, data on quality of life (EuroQol, EQ-5D-5L), and app usage data were collected. RESULTS 64.3% of study participants were women, mean age was 46.8 ± 11.0 years, and mean BMI was 34.2 ± 2.8 kg/m2. The completers analysis resulted in a weight loss of 3.2 ± 3.2 kg (3.2 ± 3.0%) in the ADHOC group and 0.4 ± 2.6 kg (0.3 ± 2.6%) in the EXPECT group after 12 weeks, with a significant difference between the groups (β [95% CI] = -2.9 [-3.8; -1.9], p < 0.001). Completers in the ADHOC group showed weight maintenance after 24 weeks. The time spent on the app was associated with weight reduction (β [95% CI] = -0.10 [-0.18; -0.01], p = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS Application of a multimodal app-based weight loss program results in moderate weight loss in persons with obesity. TRIAL REGISTRATION This study was registered in the German Clinical Trials Register (Registration number: DRKS00025291).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Gemesi
- Institute for Nutritional Medicine, School of Medicine & Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Stefanie Winkler
- Institute for Nutritional Medicine, School of Medicine & Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Susanne Schmidt-Tesch
- Institute for Nutritional Medicine, School of Medicine & Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Florian Schederecker
- Chair of Epidemiology, Department of Sport and Health Sciences, School of Medicine & Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Hans Hauner
- Institute for Nutritional Medicine, School of Medicine & Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Else Kröner Fresenius Center for Nutritional Medicine, ZIEL - Institute for Food and Health, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Christina Holzapfel
- Institute for Nutritional Medicine, School of Medicine & Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
- Department of Nutritional, Food and Consumer Sciences, Fulda University of Applied Sciences, Fulda, Germany.
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Mathur R, Ahmid Z, Ashor AW, Shannon O, Stephan BCM, Siervo M. Effects of dietary-based weight loss interventions on biomarkers of endothelial function: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Clin Nutr 2023; 77:927-940. [PMID: 37491453 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-023-01307-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction is closely linked to the development of atherosclerosis. This systematic review and meta-analysis reviewed the evidence on the effect of weight loss, achieved by dietary-based interventions, on biomarkers of endothelial function (EF). Two databases (Medline, Embase) were searched from inception until November 2022 for studies that met the following criteria: 1) adult subjects (≥ 18 years) without exclusion for health status, 2) dietary interventions for weight loss, and 3) measurements of changes in EF biomarkers. Random-effect meta-analysis and meta-regression were performed. Thirty-seven articles including 1449 participants were included in the systematic review. Study duration ranged from 3-52 weeks. Overall, weight loss significantly improved biomarkers of EF [standardised mean difference (SMD):0.65; 95%CI:0.49,0.81; P < 0.001;I2 = 91.9%]. Subgroup analyses showed weight loss significantly improved levels of E-selectin (P < 0.001), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) (P < 0.001), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) (P < 0.001), nitrite/nitrate (NOx) (P < 0.001) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) (P < 0.001). Conversely, there was no significant improvement for von Willebrand Factor (vWF). Meta-regression analysis revealed that changes in EF biomarkers were not affected by age, BMI, quality of the studies or the amount of weight lost. A significant heterogeneity was observed for the effects of weight loss on changes in EF biomarkers. Dietary-induced weight loss may be associated with biomarkers changes indicating an improvement of EF, and it may represent a potential strategy to reduce atherosclerotic risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishabh Mathur
- School of Life Sciences, The University of Nottingham Medical School, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Zhara Ahmid
- School of Life Sciences, The University of Nottingham Medical School, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Ammar W Ashor
- College of Medicine, University of Al-Mustansiriyah, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Oliver Shannon
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Blossom C M Stephan
- Institute of Mental Health, The University of Nottingham Medical School, Nottingham, UK
- Dementia Centre of Excellence, enAble Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Mario Siervo
- School of Life Sciences, The University of Nottingham Medical School, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK.
- Dementia Centre of Excellence, enAble Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia.
- School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia.
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Sultan MAH, Zin MHM, Hayati F, Zainuddin ZM, Kosai NR, Rajan R, Abidin ZAZ, Febriany DC. Improvement in Erectile Dysfunction Among Male Obese Patient, Following Bariatric Surgery in Hospital Canselor Tuanku Muhriz (HUKM). Obes Surg 2023; 33:1506-1518. [PMID: 36997694 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-023-06547-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Obesity is associated with multiple health-related complications and affects various aspects of life, including erectile dysfunction (ED). The aim of this study is to postulate that erectile dysfunction in male obese patients can be reversed following bariatric surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS We conducted a non-randomized quasi-experimental study (prospective) between 2 groups, those who underwent surgery with the control group. In this study, the resolution of erectile dysfunction following bariatric surgery comparing with the control group was evaluated in terms of International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) score. IIEF score is taken by delivering validated questionnaire to participants that enrolled in this study, both the control and intervention group. RESULTS A total of 25 patients were included in this study, 13 from the intervention group and 12 from the control group. From our study, we evaluated the resolution of IIEF score in both groups. We found that the resolution of erectile function is statistically significant in the intervention group compared to control group. Spearman rank correlation (rs) test was performed to identify the correlation between age and IIEF score. CONCLUSION Statistically significant improvements in erectile function were found following bariatric surgery. This is evidenced by the improvements in the IIEF score post-surgery compared to control group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Arif Hameed Sultan
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Postal code 88400, Sabah, Malaysia.
| | - Muhamad Hud Muhamad Zin
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Postal code 88400, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Firdaus Hayati
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Postal code 88400, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Zulkifli Md Zainuddin
- Department of Surgery, Hospital Canselor Tuanku Muhriz, Jalan Yaakob Latif, Postal code 88400, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nik Ritza Kosai
- Department of Surgery, Hospital Canselor Tuanku Muhriz, Jalan Yaakob Latif, Postal code 88400, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Reynu Rajan
- Department of Surgery, Hospital Canselor Tuanku Muhriz, Jalan Yaakob Latif, Postal code 88400, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Zainal Adwin Zainal Abidin
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Hospital Universiti Teknologi Mara, Postal Code 40450, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Dayang Corieza Febriany
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Postal code 88400, Sabah, Malaysia
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Martin-Ridaura C, Ochoa-Esteban D, Berlinches-Zapero C, Ruiz-Fernández D, Sanz-Martín V, Gavira-Izquierdo R, March S, López-Toribio M, Ceinos-Arcones M, Pino-Vega S, Melero-Rubio JM, Bordel-Nieto F, Caballero-Jauregui M, Corella-Monzon I, Pino-Días R, Cutanda-Rodriguez C, Sánchez-Muñoz S, Fernández-Garrido JM, Morales-López C, Majarrez-Arias MJ, Sancho S, Fernández NC, Martínez-Cortes M, García-Crespo P, León-Dominguez CM, Pascual M, Herrera R. Evaluation under real-life conditions of a lifestyle intervention for diabetes prevention developed by the municipal health services of Madrid, Spain. Sci Rep 2022; 12:19700. [PMID: 36385106 PMCID: PMC9669021 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-21531-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The Diet, Physical Activity and Health (Alimentación, Actividad física y Salud, ALAS) program is an intervention implemented by the municipal health services of Madrid with the objective of reducing weight and preventing diabetes in high-risk population by improving diet and physical activity. The ALAS program combines individual visits with a 10-session group workshop that takes place over a 6-month period. This study evaluated the effectiveness of the ALAS intervention implemented under real-life conditions between 2016 and 2019. The intervention was evaluated with a pre- and post-intervention study with follow-up performed 6 and 12 months from the start of the program. The analyzed outcomes were a 5-10% reduction in the initial weight, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference and a change in glycemic status in prediabetic participants. Statistical models were adjusted by sociodemographic variables. The participants were recruited from municipal community health centers or referred by municipal occupational health services. Between 2016 and 2019, 1629 people participated in the program. At 6 months, 85% of the participants had lost weight; 43% had lost 5% or more of their initial weight, and 12% had lost 10% or more. Regarding BMI, 22.3% of participants who were initially obese were no longer obese, and 15.2% of the overweight participants achieved normal weight. A total of 35.1% of the prediabetic participants reverted to normoglycemic status. The intervention was found to be more effective for men, for those who completed the intervention and those who accessed the program through the occupational health route. Among the participants who accessed the intervention via the community, the intervention was more effective in those with a high educational level. The evaluation demonstrated the effectiveness of the ALAS program for reducing weight and the risk of developing Type 2 diabetes when applied under real-life conditions. The effectiveness of the intervention differed according to gender, access route and educational level of the participants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Darío Ochoa-Esteban
- Madrid Salud, Madrid City Council, 62 Mediterraneo Avenue, Floor 6, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Vanessa Sanz-Martín
- Madrid Salud, Madrid City Council, 62 Mediterraneo Avenue, Floor 6, Madrid, Spain
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Usmanov MM, Chimed-Ochir O, Batkhorol B, Yumiya Y, Hujamberdieva LM, Kubo T. Obesity, Burden of Ischemic Heart Diseases and Their Ecological Association: The Case of Uzbekistan. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:10447. [PMID: 36012082 PMCID: PMC9408059 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191610447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Ischemic heart diseases are the leading cause of death in Uzbekistan. There are numerous risk factors affecting ischemic heart disease, and obesity is one of the major independent risk factors. This study is the first attempt to estimate the ecological association between obesity prevalence and the burden of ischemic heart disease between 1990 and 2019 in Uzbekistan. To define the prevalence of all obesity types, death, and incidences of ischemic heart disease for certain periods, the Joinpoint regression tool was used. A separate linear regression analysis was performed to analyze the relationship between obesity and ischemic heart disease mortality and morbidity. A positive linear relation was found between the prevalence of obesity types and incidence/death rates for both sexes (r = 0.59−0.87). All types of obesity were highly significant positive predictors of incidence of and death from ischemic heart disease (p < 0.0001). The slope (B1) suggested that for an increment in obesity prevalence of 1% among adults aged over 20, the incidence of ischemic heart disease increased by 40.2 (p < 0.0001) and 38.3 (p < 0.0001) per 100,000 persons for men and women, respectively. The current country-level conclusions are valuable, because it allows decision makers to draw specific conclusions, applicable at the state and local level for policymaking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murodkhon Marufkhonovich Usmanov
- Department of Public Health and Health Policy, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Odgerel Chimed-Ochir
- Department of Public Health and Health Policy, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Bilegt Batkhorol
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar 14210, Mongolia
| | - Yui Yumiya
- Department of Public Health and Health Policy, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Lola Mamazairovna Hujamberdieva
- Department of Public Health and Health Policy, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiko Kubo
- Department of Public Health and Health Policy, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
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Liu P, Hao J, Zhang Y, Wang L, Liu C, Wang J, Feng J, Zhang Y, Hou H, Zhang L. Acute Ischemic Stroke Comorbid with Type 2 Diabetes: Long-Term Prognosis Determinants in a 36-Month Prospective Study for Personalized Medicine. OMICS : A JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE BIOLOGY 2022; 26:451-460. [PMID: 35917518 DOI: 10.1089/omi.2022.0071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke (IS) is often comorbid with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) wherein the determinants of long-term outcomes, beyond the acute stroke phase, are not adequately known. This study identified the determinants of long-term outcomes for diabetic IS patients through a prospective nested case-control study in 624 patients treated with conservative measures (38.60% females, mean age: 63.85 years). After 36-month follow-up, 117 (18.8%) patients with poor outcome were enrolled in the case group. The poor outcome was defined with a modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score ≥3. Meanwhile, 374 (59.9%) patients with good outcome, defined as (mRS score <3), were included in the control group. Patients who died (n = 32) or lost to follow-up (n = 101) were excluded in analysis. Poor prognostic outcome was positively associated with (1) the pulse rate at admission, (2) diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and (3) fasting blood glucose (FBG) during follow-up, whereas physical activity and lipid-lowering treatment during follow-up were negatively associated. Importantly, a forecasting model with these indicators distinguished the patients with good versus poor outcomes with 70.1% sensitivity and 73.5% specificity. Health care professionals and laboratory medicine scholars may want to monitor an increase in DBP and FBG during follow-up, as well as physical activity and lipid-lowering treatment, in relationship to the prognosis of IS with comorbid T2DM after conservative therapies. The proposed predictive model for personalized/precision medicine requires field testing in independent studies, and might help risk stratification with theranostic tests for patients with acute IS who also have a diagnosis of T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengcheng Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, China
| | - Jiheng Hao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, China
| | - Yichun Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, China
| | - Jiyue Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, China
| | - Jingjun Feng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, China
| | - Yanbo Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Taian, China
| | - Haifeng Hou
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, China
| | - Liyong Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, China
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10
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Emsley C, Snell G, Paul E, Fuller L, Paraskeva M, Nyulasi I, King S. Can we HALT obesity following lung transplant? A Dietitian- and Physiotherapy-directed pilot intervention. Clin Transplant 2022; 36:e14763. [PMID: 35761751 DOI: 10.1111/ctr.14763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Unintentional weight gain, overweight and obesity following solid organ transplantation (SOT) are well-established and linked to morbidity and mortality risk factors. No interventional studies aimed at prevention have been undertaken among lung transplant (LTx) recipients. The combination of group education and telephone coaching is effective in the general population but is untested among SOT cohorts. METHODS A non-randomised, interventional pilot study was conducted among new LTx recipients. The control group received standard care. In addition to standard care, the intervention involved four group education and four individual, telephone coaching sessions over 12-months. Data collection occurred at 2 weeks, 3- and 12 months post-LTx. Measurements included weight, BMI, fat mass (FM), fat mass index (FMI), fat-free mass (FFM), fat-free mass index (FFMI), waist circumference (WC), visceral adipose tissue (VAT), nutrition knowledge, diet, physical activity, lipid profile, HbA1C , FEV1 , six-minute walk distance and patient satisfaction. RESULTS Fifteen LTx recipients were recruited into each group. One control participant died 120 days post-LTx, unrelated to the study. There were trends towards lower increases in weight (6.7±7.2kg vs 9.8±11.3kg), BMI (9.6% of baseline vs 13%), FM (19.7% vs 40%), FMI, VAT (7.1% vs 30.8%) and WC (5.5% vs 9.5%), and greater increases in FFM and FFMI (all p>0.05), among the intervention group by 12 months. The intervention was well-accepted by participants. CONCLUSION This feasible intervention demonstrated non-significant, but clinically meaningful, favourable weight and body composition trends among LTx recipients over 12 months compared to standard care. Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12619001606178) This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christie Emsley
- Nutrition Department, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Greg Snell
- Lung Transplant Service, The Alfred Hospital, Victoria, Australia
| | - Eldho Paul
- Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Clinical Haematology, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Louise Fuller
- Physiotherapy Department, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Ibolya Nyulasi
- Nutrition Department, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Discipline of Food, Nutrition and Dietetics, LaTrobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medicine, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Susannah King
- Nutrition Department, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Discipline of Food, Nutrition and Dietetics, LaTrobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
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11
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Developing weight navigation program to support personalized and effective obesity management in primary care settings: protocol for a quality improvement program with an embedded single-arm pilot study. Prim Health Care Res Dev 2022; 23:e14. [PMID: 35234116 PMCID: PMC8919179 DOI: 10.1017/s1463423621000906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Primary care providers (PCPs) are expected to help patients with obesity to lose weight through behavior change counseling and patient-centered use of available weight management resources. Yet, many PCPs face knowledge gaps and clinical time constraints that hinder their ability to successfully support patients' weight loss. Fortunately, a small and growing number of physicians are now certified in obesity medicine through the American Board of Obesity Medicine (ABOM) and can provide personalized and effective obesity treatment to individual patients. Little is known, however, about how to extend the expertise of ABOM-certified physicians to support PCPs and their many patients with obesity. AIM To develop and pilot test an innovative care model - the Weight Navigation Program (WNP) - to integrate ABOM-certified physicians into primary care settings and to enhance the delivery of personalized, effective obesity care. METHODS Quality improvement program with an embedded, 12-month, single-arm pilot study. Patients with obesity and ≥1 weight-related co-morbidity may be referred to the WNP by PCPs. All patients seen within the WNP during the first 12 months of clinical operations will be compared to a matched cohort of patients from another primary care site. We will recruit a subset of WNP patients (n = 30) to participate in a remote weight monitoring pilot program, which will include surveys at 0, 6, and 12 months, qualitative interviews at 0 and 6 months, and use of an electronic health record (EHR)-based text messaging program for remote weight monitoring. DISCUSSION Obesity is a complex chronic condition that requires evidence-based, personalized, and longitudinal care. To deliver such care in general practice, the WNP leverages the expertise of ABOM-certified physicians, health system and community weight management resources, and EHR-based population health management tools. The WNP is an innovative model with the potential to be implemented, scaled, and sustained in diverse primary care settings.
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12
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A very rare case of chylomicronemia revealed by cerebral thrombophlebitis in a 4-month-old infant. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2022; 75:103276. [PMID: 35242310 PMCID: PMC8881418 DOI: 10.1016/j.amsu.2022.103276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Case presentation Discussion Conclsuion 4months year old patient admitted for hypotonia and drowsiness. The diagnosis was a fatty cerebral venous thrombosis that revealed hyperchylomicronemia that was complicated also by pancreatitis. During the hospitalization a cerebral tuberculosis abcess was diagnosed associated with nosocomial klebsiela pneumoniae sepsis and was succesfully treated.
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13
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Hu J, Liu M, Yang R, Wang L, Liang L, Yang Y, Jia S, Chen R, Liu Q, Ren Y, Zhu L, Cai M. Effects of high-intensity interval training on improving arterial stiffness in Chinese female university students with normal weight obese: a pilot randomized controlled trial. J Transl Med 2022; 20:60. [PMID: 35109880 PMCID: PMC8809004 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-022-03250-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background High intensity interval training (HIIT) has been reported to exert better effects on cardiovascular fitness in obesity, but little known about the arterial stiffness (AS) in female university students with normal weight obesity (NWO). Thus, this study aimed to investigate the effects of HIIT on the body composition, heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP), blood lipids metabolism as well as the novel parameters of propensity for AS (arterial velocity pulse index [AVI], arterial pressure volume index [API]) for female university students with NWO. Methods Forty female university students with NWO were randomly assigned to control group (n = 20) and HIIT group (3 bouts of 9‑min intervals at 90% of the maximal heart rate [HRmax], interspersed by 1 min rest, 5 days a week, n = 20). Tests were performed before and after 4 weeks of training. Repeated measures ANOVA and simple effect test analysis were used to analyze dependent variable changes. Results After 4 weeks HIIT statistically significantly improved the body composition by decreasing the body mass index, body fat percent, total body fat mass (BFM), BFM of left arm, measured circumference of left arm, and obesity degree, and increasing the total body skeletal muscle mass, protein content, total body water, fat free mass, body cell mas, and InBody score. HIIT also statistically significantly decreased the HR and BP. As for the lipid profile, HIIT obviously ameliorated the blood lipids metabolism by decreasing the levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein, and TC/HDL, and increasing the levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL). In addition, the AVI and API were markedly decreased via HIIT intervention. Conclusions HIIT produced significant and meaningful benefits for body composition, HR, BP, and blood lipids metabolism, and could decrease AS in female university students with NWO. This suggests that HIIT may effectively reduce the risk of arteriosclerosis and protect the cardiovascular function for female university students with NWO. Trial registration ChiCTR2100050711. Registered 3 September 2021. Retrospectively registered.
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14
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Ji F, Gu L, Rong G, Hu C, Sun W, Wang D, Peng W, Lin D, Liu Q, Wu H, Dai H, Zhou H, Xu T. Using Extract From the Stems and Leaves of Yizhi (Alpiniae oxyphyllae) as Feed Additive Increases Meat Quality and Intestinal Health in Ducks. Front Vet Sci 2022; 8:793698. [PMID: 35174238 PMCID: PMC8841826 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.793698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Yizhi (Alpiniae Oxyphyllae, A. oxyphylla) has been widely used as an important traditional Chinese medicinal herb for centuries. Existing studies have shown that A. oxyphylla has numerous benefits in human and animal health. We hypothesized that extract from the stems and leaves of A. oxyphylla (AOE) as a feed additive may have positive effects on animal health and products. Thus, this study was conducted to evaluate the effects of AOE as a feed additive on growth performance, serum biochemical parameters, intestinal morphology, microbial composition, and meat quality in Jiaji ducks. A total of 240 Jiaji ducks of 42 days old (1675.8 ± 44.2 g, male: female ratio = 1:1) were blocked based on body weight and randomly allocated into four dietary treatments with three replicates that each had 20 duck individuals. The dietary treatments included: basal diet, control group (CK); basal diet supplementation with 30 mg/kg (Y1), 80 mg/kg (Y2), and 130 mg/kg (Y3) AOE, respectively, and lasted for 49 days. The results showed that average daily feed intake from day 42 to day 60 was decreased with the increasing level of AOE (P < 0.05). Compared with the CK group, the groups with AOE supplementation decreased serum LDL-C level (P < 0.05), the addition of 30 mg/kg AOE increased total amino acids, essential amino acids, branched-chain amino acids, nonessential amino acids, and umami taste amino acids (P < 0.05), but decreased selenium and zinc concentrations in breast muscle (P < 0.05). In addition, the supplementation of 30 or 130 mg/kg AOE significantly increased jejunal villus height (P < 0.05) and tended to increase the ratio of villus height to crypt depth in the jejunum (P = 0.092) compared to the CK group. Moreover, the addition of 30 mg/kg AOE showed a higher abundance of genus unclassified Bacteroidales and genus unclassified Ruminococcaceae than the CK group (P < 0.05). Therefore, dietary supplementation with 30 mg/kg AOE increased meat nutrition profile and flavor through promoting amino acid contents in breast muscle, as well as maintained intestine integrity and modulated the microbial composition. In conclusion, AOE as an antibiotic alternative displayed potential in maintaining intestinal health and improving meat quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengjie Ji
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
| | - Lihong Gu
- Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
| | - Guang Rong
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
| | - Chengjun Hu
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
| | - Weiping Sun
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
| | - Dingfa Wang
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
| | - Weiqi Peng
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
| | - Dajie Lin
- Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
| | - Quanwei Liu
- Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
| | - Hongzhi Wu
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
| | - Haofu Dai
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
- *Correspondence: Haofu Dai
| | - Hanlin Zhou
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
- Hanlin Zhou
| | - Tieshan Xu
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
- Tieshan Xu
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15
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Mobile Health App for Adolescents: Motion Sensor Data and Deep Learning Technique to Examine the Relationship between Obesity and Walking Patterns. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12020850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
With the prevalence of obesity in adolescents, and its long-term influence on their overall health, there is a large body of research exploring better ways to reduce the rate of obesity. A traditional way of maintaining an adequate body mass index (BMI), calculated by measuring the weight and height of an individual, is no longer enough, and we are in need of a better health care tool. Therefore, the current research proposes an easier method that offers instant and real-time feedback to the users from the data collected from the motion sensors of a smartphone. The study utilized the mHealth application to identify participants presenting the walking movements of the high BMI group. Using the feedforward deep learning models and convolutional neural network models, the study was able to distinguish the walking movements between nonobese and obese groups, at a rate of 90.5%. The research highlights the potential use of smartphones and suggests the mHealth application as a way to monitor individual health.
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16
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Cheng YC, Liu HC, Hsu CY, Lee IT. Duration of Treatment in a Weight Loss Program Using a Mobile App is Associated with Successful Weight Loss During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2022; 15:1737-1747. [PMID: 35706478 PMCID: PMC9191578 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s368608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE We aimed to explore the independent factors associated with successful weight loss using a mobile app during the COVID-19 pandemic. PATIENTS AND METHODS For this retrospective cohort study, we collected data from 45 adults in a weight loss program using a mobile app. We defined successful weight loss as a weight reduction by ≥ 5% of the baseline weight. Multivariate logistic analysis was used to assess potential factors influencing successful weight loss. RESULTS All subjects showed a mean 4.1 ± 4.4 kg reduction of baseline weight after using the app for a mean duration of 11 weeks (P < 0.001). Subjects in the successful weight loss group displayed a longer duration of treatment (14.6 ± 6.5 weeks vs 6.9 ± 6.0 weeks, P < 0.001), greater number of dietary records (109.2 ± 84.7 vs 54.7 ± 58.8, P = 0.002), and greater number of outpatient visits (6.1 ± 2.7 vs 3.7 ± 2.3, P < 0.001) than those in the unsuccessful weight loss group. Multivariate logistic analysis showed that duration of treatment was an independent factor associated with successful weight loss (odds ratio = 1.23, 95% confidence interval: 1.08-1.41, P = 0.003). CONCLUSION In a weight management program using a mobile app during the COVID-19 pandemic, the duration of treatment was found to be an independent factor of successful weight loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Cheng Cheng
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, 407, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, 112, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Chen Liu
- Department of Nursing, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, 407, Taiwan
| | - Chiann-Yi Hsu
- Biostatistics Task Force of Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, 407, Taiwan
| | - I-Te Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, 407, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, 112, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan
- Correspondence: I-Te Lee, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, 1650, Section 4, Taiwan Boulevard, Taichung City, 40705, Taiwan, Tel +886-4-23592525 ext. 3060, Fax +886-4-23593662, Email
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17
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Kucera M, Marchewka T, Craib A. Does Losing 5-7% of Prediabetic Body Weight from a Diabetes Prevention Program decrease Cardiovascular Risks? Spartan Med Res J 2021; 6:27627. [PMID: 34532627 PMCID: PMC8405285 DOI: 10.51894/001c.27627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), one-third of adults have prediabetes (i.e., at risk for developing type 2 diabetes), a leading risk factor for cardiovascular disease. The Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) focuses on lifestyle modifications to help participants lose 5-7% of their body weight and prevent Type 2 Diabetes. The purpose of this community-based pilot study was to investigate how successful completion of the DPP might be associated with decreases in body weight and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risks. METHODS Single-site, prospective cohort study. The DPP was implemented at the Farmington Village Family Practice Clinic and delivered virtually via Zoom from January 2020 through December 2020. During the first six months, participants met weekly for one hour. In the remaining six months, monthly sessions were held for one hour. Each session began with a private weigh-in followed by a uniquely designed lesson plan. A total of 14 prediabetic patients, based on hemoglobin A1c (A1c), fasting blood glucose levels, or diabetic risk calculator scores, were enrolled. For analyses, data concerning body mass index (BMI), smoking status, anti-hypertensive medications, age, race, sex, A1c, fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels were measured at baseline, six and 12 months. These parameters were used to calculate composite ASCVD risk percentages based on the 2013 Risk Calculator from the American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology. RESULTS Using a series of Wilcoxon Matched Signed Rank Pair T test procedures, initial base-to six-month analyses showed a statistically significant improvement in ASCVD risk scores (p < 0.01), BMI (p < 0.01), HDL (p < 0.01), estimated weekly minutes of physical activity (p =< 0.01), and total cholesterol (p = 0.048) levels. In addition, base-to-12-month differences for ASCVD, BMI, HDL and physical activity outcomes remained statistically significant. DISCUSSION After completion of the DPP program, both initial (base to six month) as well as follow up (base to 12-month) statistically significant improvements in ASCVD, HDL, BMI, physical activity levels, and total cholesterol were observed. CONCLUSIONS These pilot study results are promising and consistent with the reduction of cardiovascular risk factors. These findings support the value of a structured, evidence-based educational curriculum focused on nonpharmacologic intervention to decrease weight loss and ASCVD risk scores for prediabetes adults.
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Lasschuijt MP, de Graaf K, Mars M. Effects of Oro-Sensory Exposure on Satiation and Underlying Neurophysiological Mechanisms-What Do We Know So Far? Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13051391. [PMID: 33919044 PMCID: PMC8143001 DOI: 10.3390/nu13051391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The mouth is the first part of the gastrointestinal tract. During mastication sensory signals from the mouth, so-called oro-sensory exposure, elicit physiological signals that affect satiation and food intake. It has been established that a longer duration of oro-sensory exposure leads to earlier satiation. In addition, foods with more intense sweet or salty taste induce earlier satiation compared to foods that are equally palatable, but with lower taste intensity. Oro-sensory exposure to food affects satiation by direct signaling via the brainstem to higher cortical regions involved in taste and reward, including the nucleus accumbens and the insula. There is little evidence that oro-sensory exposure affects satiation indirectly through either hormone responses or gastric signals. Critical brain areas for satiation, such as the brainstem, should be studied more intensively to better understand the neurophysiological mechanisms underlying the process of satiation. Furthermore, it is essential to increase the understanding of how of highly automated eating behaviors, such as oral processing and eating rate, are formed during early childhood. A better understanding of the aforementioned mechanisms provides fundamental insight in relation to strategies to prevent overconsumption and the development of obesity in future generations.
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Xu DX, Guo XX, Zeng Z, Wang Y, Qiu J. Puerarin improves hepatic glucose and lipid homeostasis in vitro and in vivo by regulating the AMPK pathway. Food Funct 2021; 12:2726-2740. [PMID: 33681875 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo02761h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is an increasingly concerning global health issue, which is accompanied by disruption of glucose and lipid metabolisms. The aim of this study was to uncover the potential and molecular actions of puerarin, a phytochemical, for alleviating metabolic dysfunctions of glucose and lipid metabolisms. A rat model fed a high fat and high fructose diet and a HepG2 cell model challenged with fructose combined with free fatty acid were utilized to identify the effects of puerarin on obesity-associated insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis. The molecular mechanisms underlying puerarin treatment effects were further investigated using qRT-PCR and western blotting. Results show that puerarin significantly ameliorated features of obesity in rats, including bodyweight, hyperlipidemia, hyperglycemia, glucose/insulin intolerance, insulin resistance, hepatic steatosis, and oxidative stress, which are related to the activation of AMPK and PI3K/Akt pathways in the liver. Puerarin reduced lipid accumulation and caused a reduction of the mRNA expression of lipogenic genes such as SREBP-1c, FAS, SCD-1, and HMGCR, and an increment in the phosphorylation of AMPK and ACC in HepG2 cells. Moreover, puerarin ameliorated insulin resistance by increasing GLUT4 mRNA expression and activating the PI3K/Akt pathway. Treatment with the AMPK inhibitor compound C partially abolished the beneficial effects of puerarin on lipid accumulation and insulin resistance in HepG2 cells, which indicated that the protective effects of puerarin partially depend on the AMPK pathway. The present study indicates that puerarin shows potential as a functional food therapeutic for the treatment of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Xue Xu
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
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20
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Zhang T, Hu BW, Duan YH, Deng JP, Yin YL, Kong XF. Dietary chicory powder supplementation affects growth performance, carcass traits, and muscular profiles of amino acids and fatty acids in growing-finishing Xiangcun Black pigs. JOURNAL OF APPLIED ANIMAL RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2021.1876702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bai Wen Hu
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agriculture University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ye Hui Duan
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jin Ping Deng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agriculture University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu Long Yin
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agriculture University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiang Feng Kong
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agriculture University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
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Nason SR, Antipenko J, Presedo N, Cunningham SE, Pierre TH, Kim T, Paul JR, Holleman C, Young ME, Gamble KL, Finan B, DiMarchi R, Hunter CS, Kharitonenkov A, Habegger KM. Glucagon receptor signaling regulates weight loss via central KLB receptor complexes. JCI Insight 2021; 6:141323. [PMID: 33411693 PMCID: PMC7934938 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.141323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucagon regulates glucose and lipid metabolism and promotes weight loss. Thus, therapeutics stimulating glucagon receptor (GCGR) signaling are promising for obesity treatment; however, the underlying mechanism(s) have yet to be fully elucidated. We previously identified that hepatic GCGR signaling increases circulating fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), a potent regulator of energy balance. We reported that mice deficient for liver Fgf21 are partially resistant to GCGR-mediated weight loss, implicating FGF21 as a regulator of glucagon’s weight loss effects. FGF21 signaling requires an obligate coreceptor (β-Klotho, KLB), with expression limited to adipose tissue, liver, pancreas, and brain. We hypothesized that the GCGR-FGF21 system mediates weight loss through a central mechanism. Mice deficient for neuronal Klb exhibited a partial reduction in body weight with chronic GCGR agonism (via IUB288) compared with controls, supporting a role for central FGF21 signaling in GCGR-mediated weight loss. Substantiating these results, mice with central KLB inhibition via a pharmacological KLB antagonist, 1153, also displayed partial weight loss. Central KLB, however, is dispensable for GCGR-mediated improvements in plasma cholesterol and liver triglycerides. Together, these data suggest GCGR agonism mediates part of its weight loss properties through central KLB and has implications for future treatments of obesity and metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelly R Nason
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center and Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine
| | - Jessica Antipenko
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center and Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine
| | - Natalie Presedo
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center and Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine
| | - Stephen E Cunningham
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center and Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine
| | - Tanya H Pierre
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center and Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine
| | - Teayoun Kim
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center and Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine
| | - Jodi R Paul
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, and
| | - Cassie Holleman
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center and Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine
| | - Martin E Young
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Karen L Gamble
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, and
| | - Brian Finan
- Novo Nordisk Research Center Indianapolis, Inc., Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Richard DiMarchi
- Novo Nordisk Research Center Indianapolis, Inc., Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.,Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
| | - Chad S Hunter
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center and Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine
| | | | - Kirk M Habegger
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center and Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine
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Effects of an Indoor Cycling Program on Cardiometabolic Factors in Women with Obesity vs. Normal Body Weight. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17238718. [PMID: 33255278 PMCID: PMC7727675 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17238718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The study aimed to provide evidence on the impact of indoor cycling (IC) in reducing cardiometabolic risk factors. The study compares the effects of a 3 month IC program involving three 55 min sessions per week on women aged 40–60 years, with obesity (OW, n = 18) vs. women with normal body weight (NW, n = 8). At baseline and at the end of the study, anthropometric parameters, oxygen uptake (VO2 peak), and serum parameters: glucose, total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and triglycerides (TG), insulin, human anti-oxidized low-density lipoprotein antibody (OLAb), total blood antioxidant capacity (TAC), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), C-reactive protein (CRP), lipid accumulation product (LAP), and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance index (HOMA IR) were determined. Before the intervention, VO2 peak and HDL-C levels were significantly lower and levels of TG, LAP, insulin, HOMA-IR, and CRP were significantly higher in the OW group compared to those in the NW group. After the intervention, only the OW group saw a decrease in body mass, total cholesterol, OLAb, TBARS, and CRP concentration and an increase in total body skeletal muscle mass and HDL-C concentration. In response to the IC training, measured indicators in the OW group were seen to approach the recommended values, but all between-group differences remained significant. Our results demonstrate that IC shows promise for reducing cardiometabolic risk factors, especially dyslipidemia. After 12 weeks of regular IC, the metabolic function of the OW group adapted in many aspects to be more like that of the NW group.
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Yannakoulia M, Panagiotakos D. Weight loss through lifestyle changes: impact in the primary prevention of cardiovascular diseases. Heart 2020; 107:1429-1434. [PMID: 33219107 DOI: 10.1136/heartjnl-2019-316376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mary Yannakoulia
- School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, Attica, Greece
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Ha J, Kwon Y, Kwon YJ, Kim D, Han K, Jang M, Park S, Nam GE, Kim YH, Kim DH, Park YG, Cho KH. Variability in body weight precedes diagnosis in dementia: A nationwide cohort study. Brain Behav 2020; 10:e01811. [PMID: 32856784 PMCID: PMC7667348 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.1811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND While there have been disagreements concerning whether obesity and increase in body weight elevate the risk of dementia, variability in body weight has been recently recognized as a new biometric associated with a high risk for a number of diseases. This nationwide, population-based cohort study examined the association between body weight variability and dementia. METHODS A total of 2,812,245 adults (mean age, 51.7 years; standard deviation, 8.6) without a history of dementia who underwent at least three health examinations between 2005 and 2012 in a nationwide cohort were followed-up until the date of dementia diagnosis (based on prescribed drugs and disease code) or until 2016 (median follow-up duration, 5.38 years; interquartile range, 5.16-5.61). Cox regression models were used to evaluate the risk of Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia according to body weight variability. RESULTS The hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) of the highest quartiles of variability were 1.42 (1.35-1.49) for Alzheimer's disease and 1.47 (1.32-1.63) for vascular dementia compared to the lowest quartile group as a reference. This association was consistent in various subgroup analyses and sensitivity analyses. CONCLUSIONS Body weight variability could predict Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia, which may provide new insights into the prevention and management of dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane Ha
- Department of Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Center for Obesity and Metabolic Diseases, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yeongkeun Kwon
- Center for Obesity and Metabolic Diseases, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, Korea.,Division of Foregut Surgery, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ye-Ji Kwon
- Department of Neurology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - DaHye Kim
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyungdo Han
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mi Jang
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Sungsoo Park
- Center for Obesity and Metabolic Diseases, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, Korea.,Division of Foregut Surgery, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ga Eun Nam
- Department of Family Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yang Hyun Kim
- Department of Family Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Do Hoon Kim
- Department of Family Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong Gyu Park
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyung-Hwan Cho
- Department of Family Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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25
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Maxwell C, Gaudet L, Cassir G, Nowik C, McLeod NL, Jacob CÉ, Walker M. Guideline No. 391-Pregnancy and Maternal Obesity Part 1: Pre-conception and Prenatal Care. JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNAECOLOGY CANADA 2020; 41:1623-1640. [PMID: 31640864 DOI: 10.1016/j.jogc.2019.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This guideline will review key aspects in the pregnancy care of women with obesity. Part I will focus on pre-conception and pregnancy care. Part II will focus on team planning for delivery and Postpartum Care. INTENDED USERS All health care providers (obstetricians, family doctors, midwives, nurses, anaesthesiologists) who provide pregnancy-related care to women with obesity. TARGET POPULATION Women with obesity who are pregnant or planning pregnancies. EVIDENCE Literature was retrieved through searches of Statistics Canada, Medline, and The Cochrane Library on the impact of obesity in pregnancy on antepartum and intrapartum care, maternal morbidity and mortality, obstetrical anaesthesia, and perinatal morbidity and mortality. Results were restricted to systematic reviews, randomized controlled trials/controlled clinical trials, and observational studies. There were no date or language restrictions. Searches were updated on a regular basis and incorporated in the guideline to September 2018. Grey (unpublished) literature was identified through searching the websites of health technology assessment and related agencies, clinical practice guideline collections, clinical trial registries, and national and international medical specialty societies. VALIDATION METHODS The content and recommendations were drafted and agreed upon by the authors. Then the Maternal-Fetal Medicine Committee peer reviewed the content and submitted comments for consideration, and the Board of the Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada (SOGC) approved the final draft for publication. Areas of disagreement were discussed during meetings, at which time consensus was reached. The level of evidence and quality of the recommendation made were described using the Evaluation of Evidence criteria of the Canadian Task Force on Preventive Health Care. BENEFITS, HARMS, AND COSTS Implementation of the recommendations in these guidelines may increase obstetrical provider recognition of the issues affected pregnant individuals with obesity, including clinical prevention strategies, communication between the health care team, the patient and family as well as equipment and human resource planning. It is hoped that regional, provincial and federal agencies will assist in the education and support of coordinated care for pregnant individuals with obesity. GUIDELINE UPDATE SOGC guidelines will be automatically reviewed 5 years after publication. However, authors can propose another review date if they feel that 5 years is too short/long based on their expert knowledge of the subject matter. SPONSORS This guideline was developed with resources funded by the SOGC. SUMMARY STATEMENTS RECOMMENDATIONS.
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Asbaghi O, Sadeghian M, Nasiri M, Khodadost M, Shokri A, Panahande B, Pirouzi A, Sadeghi O. The effects of green coffee extract supplementation on glycemic indices and lipid profile in adults: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of clinical trials. Nutr J 2020; 19:71. [PMID: 32665012 PMCID: PMC7362645 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-020-00587-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The role of coffee consumption in the risk of cardiovascular diseases has been debated for many years. The current study aimed to summarize earlier evidence on the effects of green coffee extract (GCE) supplementation on glycemic indices and lipid profile. Methods We searched available online databases for relevant clinical trials published up to October 2019. All clinical trials investigating the effect of GCE supplementation, compared with a control group, on fasting blood glucose (FBG), serum insulin, total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) were included. Overall, 14 clinical trials with a total sample size of 766 participants were included in the current meta-analysis. Results We found a significant reducing effect of GCE supplementation on FBG (weighted mean difference (WMD): -2.35, 95% CI: − 3.78, − 0.92 mg/dL, P = 0.001) and serum insulin (WMD: -0.63, 95% CI: − 1.11, − 0.15 μU/L, P = 0.01). With regard to lipid profile, we observed a significant reduction only in serum levels of TC following GCE supplementation in the overall meta-analysis (WMD: -4.51, 95% CI: − 8.39, − 0.64, P = 0.02). However, subgroup analysis showed a significant reduction in serum TG in studies enrolled both genders. Also, such a significant reduction was seen in serum levels of LDL and HDL when the analyses confined to studies with intervention duration of ≥8 weeks and those included female subjects. In the non-linear dose-response analyses, we found that the effects of chlorogenic acid (CGA) dosage, the main polyphenol in GCE, on FBG, TG and HDL were in the non-linear fashions. Conclusion In conclusion, we found that GCE supplementation improved FBG and serum levels of insulin and TC. Also, there was a significant improvement in other markers of lipid profile in some subgroups of clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omid Asbaghi
- Nutritional Health Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Mehdi Sadeghian
- Department of Nutrition, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Morteza Nasiri
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Department of Operating Room Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Khodadost
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azad Shokri
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Bahman Panahande
- Department of Nutrition, School of Health, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | | | - Omid Sadeghi
- Students' Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. .,Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Bauer K, Lau T, Schwille‐Kiuntke J, Schild S, Hauner H, Stengel A, Zipfel S, Mack I. Conventional weight loss interventions across the different
BMI
obesity classes: A systematic review and quantitative comparative analysis. EUROPEAN EATING DISORDERS REVIEW 2020; 28:492-512. [DOI: 10.1002/erv.2741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Bauer
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy University Hospital Tübingen Tübingen Germany
| | - Teresa Lau
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy University Hospital Tübingen Tübingen Germany
| | - Juliane Schwille‐Kiuntke
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy University Hospital Tübingen Tübingen Germany
- Institute of Occupational and Social Medicine and Health Services Research University of Tübingen Tübingen Germany
| | - Sandra Schild
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy University Hospital Tübingen Tübingen Germany
| | - Hans Hauner
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine, School of Medicine Technical university of Munich Munich Germany
| | - Andreas Stengel
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy University Hospital Tübingen Tübingen Germany
- Charité Center for Internal Medicine and Dermatology, Department for Psychosomatic Medicine Charité‐Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt‐Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health Berlin Germany
| | - Stephan Zipfel
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy University Hospital Tübingen Tübingen Germany
| | - Isabelle Mack
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy University Hospital Tübingen Tübingen Germany
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Aldaas OM, Lupercio F, Han FT, Hoffmayer KS, Krummen D, Ho G, Raissi F, Birgersdotter-Green U, Feld GK, Hsu JC. Meta-analysis of Effect of Modest (≥10%) Weight Loss in Management of Overweight and Obese Patients With Atrial Fibrillation. Am J Cardiol 2019; 124:1568-1574. [PMID: 31540665 PMCID: PMC7089802 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2019.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Obesity and atrial fibrillation (AF) are growing epidemics with significant overlap in co-morbidities. Multiple smaller studies have evaluated the effects of weight loss and risk factor modification on recurrence of AF, reduction in AF burden and improvement in AF symptom severity. The objective of this study was to determine if a modest weight loss of ≥10% of initial body weight is enough to improve outcomes in overweight or obese patients with established AF. We performed an extensive literature search and systematic review of studies that compared weight loss of ≥10% versus weight loss of less than 10% or weight gain and assessed outcomes including recurrence of AF as determined through a Holter monitor, AF burden and improvement in AF symptom severity. Risk ratio 95% confidence intervals (CI) were measured for dichotomous variables and mean difference (MD) 95% CI were measured for continuous variables, where MD >0 favors the group with ≥10% weight loss. Five studies with a total of 548 patients were included. Patients who lost ≥10% of their initial body weight experienced less recurrence of AF (risk ratio 0.29; 95% CI 0.19 to 0.44) and a larger reduction in reported event frequency (MD 1.74; 95% CI 0.70 to 2.79), episode duration (MD 2.14; 95% CI 0.04 to 4.23), global episode severity (MD 1.89; 95% CI 1.34 to 2.45), and symptom severity (MD 5.36; 95% CI 3.75 to 6.97). In conclusion, weight loss is associated with less risk of recurrent AF, reduction in AF burden, and improvement in AF symptom severity.
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29
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Maxwell C, Gaudet L, Cassir G, Nowik C, McLeod NL, Jacob CÉ, Walker M. Directive clinique N o 391 - Grossesse et obésité maternelle Partie 1 : Préconception et soins prénataux. JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNAECOLOGY CANADA 2019; 41:1641-1659. [PMID: 31640865 DOI: 10.1016/j.jogc.2019.08.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Beatty JA, Greene GW, Blissmer BJ, Delmonico MJ, Melanson KJ. Effects of a novel bites, steps and eating rate-focused weight loss randomised controlled trial intervention on body weight and eating behaviours. J Hum Nutr Diet 2019; 33:330-341. [PMID: 31642130 DOI: 10.1111/jhn.12704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Eating rate (ER), comprising the amount of food consumed per unit of time, is associated with obesity and energy intake (EI). METHODS The present study tested whether adding a self-monitoring wearable device to a multifaceted 8-week weight loss intervention increased weight loss. In addition, the device's effect on secondary change outcomes in EI, ER and estimated energy expenditure was explored. Tertiary outcomes included examining eating behaviours measured by the Weight-Related Eating Questionnaire (WREQ). Seventy-two adults who were overweight or obese [mean (SD) age, 37.7 (15.3) years; body mass index, 31.3 (3.2) kg m-2 ] were randomised into two groups: intervention workbook plus device (WD) or intervention workbook only (WO). Three 24-h dietary recalls were obtained before weeks 0 and 8. Participants were weighed, consumed a test meal and completed 7-day Physical Activity Recall and WREQ at weeks 0 and 8. RESULTS There was no significant difference between WD and WO groups with respect to weight change [-0.46 (1.11) vs. 0.26 (0.82) kg, respectively], ER, EI, energy expenditure or WREQ scores, although there were significant changes over time, and within-group changes on all of these variables. At week 8, participants were dichotomised into weight loss or weight stable/gainers groups. A significant time by group change was seen in susceptibility to external cues scores, with significant time effects for susceptibility and restraint. CONCLUSIONS An intervention focused on reducing ER, energy density and increasing steps was effective for weight loss, although the wearable device provided no additional benefit. Participants with higher susceptibility to external eating may be more responsive to this intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Beatty
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, The University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
| | - G W Greene
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, The University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
| | - B J Blissmer
- Department of Kinesiology, The University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
| | - M J Delmonico
- Department of Kinesiology, The University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
| | - K J Melanson
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, The University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
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Bayoumi NS, Helzner E, Afable A, Joseph MA, Dhuper S. A real-world evaluation of a tertiary care childhood obesity intervention to reduce metabolic risk in a hard-to-reach urban population. BMC Pediatr 2019; 19:378. [PMID: 31651274 PMCID: PMC6813042 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-019-1763-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Research on outcomes associated with lifestyle interventions serving pediatric populations in urban settings, where a majority have severe obesity, is scarce. This study assessed whether participation in a lifestyle intervention improved body mass index (BMI) percentile, BMI z-score, blood pressure, and lipid levels for children and adolescents. Methods The Live Light Live Right program is a lifestyle intervention that uses medical assessment, nutritional education, access to physical fitness classes, and behavioral modification to improve health outcomes. Data was analyzed for 144 subjects aged 2–19 who participated for a minimum of 12 consecutive months between 2002 and 2016. McNemar tests were used to determine differences in the proportion of participants who moved from abnormal values at baseline to normal at follow-up for a given clinical measure. Paired sample t-tests assessed differences in blood pressure and lipid levels. Multiple linear regression assessed the change in blood pressure or lipid levels associated with improvement in BMI%95 and BMI z-score. Results The majority were female (62.5%), mean age was 9.6, and 71% were Black. At baseline, 70.1% had severe obesity, systolic hypertension was present in 44, and 13.9% had diastolic hypertension. One-third had abnormally low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) at baseline, 35% had elevated low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and 47% had abnormal total cholesterol (TC). The average difference in percentage points of BMI%95 at follow-up compared was − 3.0 (95% CI: − 5.0, − 1.1; p < 0.003). The mean difference in BMI z-score units at follow-up was − 0.15 (95% CI: − 0.2, − 0.1; p < 0.0001). Participants with systolic or diastolic hypertension had an average improvement in blood pressure of − 15.3 mmHg (p < 0.0001) and − 9.6 mmHg (p < 0.0001), respectively. There was a mean improvement of 4.4 mg/dL for participants with abnormal HDL (p < 0.001) and − 7.8 mg/dL for those with abnormal LDL at baseline (p = 0.036). For those with abnormal baseline TC, a one-unit improvement in BMI%95 was associated with a 0.61 mg/dL improvement in TC while holding constant age, contact hours, and months since enrollment (p = 0.043). Conclusions Participation in the program resulted in significant improvements in BMI percentile, BMI z-score, blood pressure, and lipid levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagla S Bayoumi
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, School of Public Health, 450 Clarkson Avenue, Brooklyn, NY, 11203, USA.
| | - Elizabeth Helzner
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, School of Public Health, 450 Clarkson Avenue, Brooklyn, NY, 11203, USA
| | - Aimee Afable
- Department of Community Health Sciences, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, School of Public Health, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Michael A Joseph
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, School of Public Health, 450 Clarkson Avenue, Brooklyn, NY, 11203, USA
| | - Sarita Dhuper
- Department of Pediatrics, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
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Primary Care Patients' and Providers' Perspectives about an Online Weight Management Program: a Qualitative Study. J Gen Intern Med 2019; 34:1503-1521. [PMID: 31152361 PMCID: PMC6667547 DOI: 10.1007/s11606-019-05022-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Primary care providers (PCPs) often take the lead role in caring for patients with overweight and obesity; however, few PCPs counsel patients about weight loss. Online weight management programs that are integrated within primary care may help address this gap in care. OBJECTIVE To identify perceptions of and experience with online weight management programs in general and with a proposed online program, to identify barriers to use, and to improve the design and content of our intervention, which included an online program plus population health management (PHM) support from primary care practices. DESIGN A mixed qualitative methods study including three patient focus groups and seven semi-structured interviews with healthcare providers. PARTICIPANTS A total of 13 adult patients (age range, 20-70) with body mass index (BMI) 27-35 kg/m2 attended the focus groups. In-person semi-structured interviews were conducted with seven healthcare providers (three PCPs, two population health managers, one primary care nurse, and one registered dietitian). MAIN MEASURES We developed and used semi-structured focus groups and interview guides. The focus group and interviews were recorded and transcribed. Using grounded theory, we analyzed the transcripts to identify and extract common concepts and themes. KEY RESULTS Although patients and healthcare providers expressed positive opinions about online weight management programs, few patients had experience with them, and providers stated that such programs are not being widely implemented in primary care settings. Some participants highlighted the flexibility and low cost as strengths of online weight management tools compared with in-person programs. All participants had favorable opinions about our proposed intervention and were overwhelmingly positive about the combination of an online program and PHM support. CONCLUSIONS This study highlights the potential value of online weight management programs and PHM support in primary care. CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION NCT02656693.
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Puerarin prevents high-fat diet-induced obesity by enriching Akkermansia muciniphila in the gut microbiota of mice. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0218490. [PMID: 31233515 PMCID: PMC6590871 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0218490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence indicates that the gut microbiota plays a significant role in the pathophysiological processes of obesity and its related metabolic symptoms in the host. Puerarin, an active ingredient in the root of Pueraria lobate has been suggested to have a potent anti-obesity effect. Herein, we tested whether this effect of puerarin is associated with changes in the gut microbiota. In addition to reducing body weight, inflammation, and insulin resistance, puerarin administration significantly altered the composition of the gut microbiota. Notably, puerarin treatment greatly increased the abundance of Akkermansia muciniphila, a mucin-degrading bacterium known to be beneficial for host metabolism and significantly downregulated in high-fat diet–fed mice. Further experiments revealed that puerarin increased intestinal expression levels of Muc2 and Reg3g and protected intestinal barrier function (normal permeability) by increasing the expression of ZO-1 and occludin in vivo and in vitro. These data suggest that puerarin’s enriching effect on A. muciniphila is mediated, at least in part, by a host cellular response to protect the host from diet-induced metabolic disorders and other diseases.
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Beatty J, Melanson K. Examining changes in respiratory exchange ratio within an 8-week weight loss intervention. J Hum Nutr Diet 2019; 32:737-744. [PMID: 31066135 DOI: 10.1111/jhn.12664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maintaining weight loss is difficult, partly as a result of accompanying reductions in fat oxidation. The present study examined fat oxidation [reflected by respiratory exchange ratio (RER)] within an 8-week, self-led weight loss intervention. Changes in RER, body fat (BF%) and estimated energy expenditure (EE) were examined. METHODS Twenty-two adults [13 females, nine males; mean (SD) age 34.6 (16.5) years; body mass index 32.0 (4.3) kg m-2 ] received a self-directed workbook; twelve were also randomised to receive a self-monitoring wrist-worn device. At weeks 0 and 8, RER (indirect calorimetry), BF% (BodPod) and estimated EE [7-day physical activity recall (PAR-EE) were collected. Participants were pooled and paired t-tests were used to examine changes over time. Correlations explored associations among variables. Participants were then dichotomised into weight loss group (WL) or weight stable/gainers group (WSG) and eating behaviours [Intuitive Eating Scale (IES-2)] were examined by 2 × 2 repeated measures multivariate analysis of covariance. RESULTS There were no significant changes in RER, body fat percentage and PAR-EE. A significant negative association was found between week 8 PAR-EE and week 8 RER, as well as between BF% change and RER change. There was a significant time by WL versus WSG group effect of IES-2 scores, with the WL group self-reporting significantly increased scores in Eating for Physical Reasons rather than Emotional Reasons (EPR) subscale. CONCLUSIONS Increased physical activity after an 8-week weight loss intervention was associated with a higher fasting fat oxidation. Participants who increased EPR scores were more successful in weight loss than those without a change in this subscale.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Beatty
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, The University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
| | - K Melanson
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, The University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
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Henry-Unaeze HN, Ngwu EK, Nwamara JU. Association of demographic and socioeconomic characteristics with body mass index of outpatient diabetic adults attending a tertiary health facility in Enugu, Nigeria. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2019; 13:1071-1076. [PMID: 31336446 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2019.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE Recently, demographic and socioeconomic characteristics have been emphasized in dealing with chronic diseases of which Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is one. This present study was conducted to correlate the demographic and socioeconomic characteristics of out-patient type 2 diabetic adults with their body mass index (BMI). METHODOLOGY This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Out-patients Diabetic clinic of University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital Ituku-Ozalla, Enugu Nigeria. A total of 370 subjects were purposively selected from the 2888 annual average attendances and examined with questionnaire and anthropometry. Information on their demographic and socioeconomic characteristics was correlated with their body mass index. RESULT The results indicated that there were more (59%) urban diabetics than rural (25.7%) diabetics, many (65.7%) were within the age range of 41-60years, more (64.9%) females than males (35.1%), mainly (86.2%) married and of Christian religion (94.1%) and Igbo ethnicity (95.9%). The majority (91.1%) were of a monogamous family type with 55.4% from average sized (4-6persons) families. More than 1/3 (34.1%) had tertiary education, mainly (43%) civil servants, and 45.1% earning above 137.21 US Dollar per month. Most (69%) of the diabetics were over-weight, a trend of both under-nutrition (1.1%), and over-nutrition (68.7%) with mean BMI value of 27.19 kg/m2 was also observed. BMI had slight negative association with age, sex, and occupation and positive association with religion, ethnicity, marital status and level of education. CONCLUSION There is a weak negative association of age, sex and occupation with BMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- H N Henry-Unaeze
- Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, College of Applied Food Sciences and Tourism, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture Umudike, PMB 7267, Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria.
| | - E K Ngwu
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Nigeria Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - J U Nwamara
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Nigeria Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
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Zhong Y, Song B, Zheng C, Li F, Kong X, Duan Y, Deng J. α-Ketoisocaproate and β-hydroxy-β-methyl butyrate regulate fatty acid composition and lipid metabolism in skeletal muscle of growing pigs. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2019; 103:846-857. [PMID: 30775808 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 01/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aims to investigate the effects and roles of excess leucine (Leu) versus its metabolites α-ketoisocaproate (KIC) and β-hydroxy-β-methyl butyrate (HMB) on fatty acid composition and lipid metabolism in skeletal muscle of growing pigs. METHODS AND RESULTS Thirty-two pigs with a similar initial weight (9.55 ± 0.19 kg) were fed one of the four diets (basal diet, L-Leu, KIC-Ca and HMB-Ca) for 45 days. Results indicated that dietary treatments did not affect the intramuscular fat (IMF) content (p > 0.05), but differently influenced the fatty acid composition of longissimus dorsi muscle (LM) and soleus muscle (SM). In particular, the proportion of N3 PUFA specifically in LM was significantly decreased in the Leu group and increased in both KIC and HMB group relative to the basal diet group (p < 0.05). Furthermore, pigs fed KIC-supplemented diets exhibited decreased expression of FATP-1, ACC, ATGL, C/EBPα, PPARγ and SREBP-1c in LM and increased expression of FATP-1, FAT/CD36, ATGL and M-CPT-1 in SM relative to the basal diet control (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS These findings indicated that doubling dietary Leu content decreased the percentage of N3 PUFA mainly in glycolytic skeletal muscle, whereas KIC and HMB improved muscular fatty acid composition and altered lipid metabolism in skeletal muscle of growing pigs. The mechanism of action of KIC might be related to the TFs, and the mechanism of action of HMB might be associated with the AMPK-mTOR signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinzhao Zhong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Regulation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bo Song
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Regulation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Changbing Zheng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Regulation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fengna Li
- Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha, China.,Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, CICAPS, Hunan Collaborative Innovation Center for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Changsha, China
| | - Xiangfeng Kong
- Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha, China
| | - Yehui Duan
- Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha, China
| | - Jinping Deng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Regulation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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Subih HS, Zueter Z, Obeidat BM, Al-Qudah MA, Janakat S, Hammoh F, Sharkas G, Bawadi HA. A high weekly dose of cholecalciferol and calcium supplement enhances weight loss and improves health biomarkers in obese women. Nutr Res 2018; 59:53-64. [PMID: 30442233 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2018.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Obesity, a chronic condition associated with several life-threatening diseases, affects a significant proportion of the global population and has long been associated with vitamin D deficiency. The prevalence of both obesity and vitamin D deficiency has increased dramatically in Jordan in recent decades, especially among women. Few studies in Jordan and the surrounding area address this issue. In this study, we hypothesize that calcium and vitamin D have beneficial effects on weight reduction and metabolic profile in obese women. The objective of this study is to examine the effect of vitamin D3 and calcium supplementation on anthropometric measurements and some blood metabolites. Forty-five obese female subjects with vitamin D deficiency were recruited by a dietitian and randomly assigned to the same weight loss diet in addition to the following treatments (4 groups): control (CON), no prescribed supplements; vitamin D3 (Diet/D), given a high weekly dose of cholecalciferol (50 000 IU/subject/week); calcium (Diet/Ca), given 1200 mg/dL calcium/subject/day; vitamin D3 plus Ca (Diet/Ca/D), given cholecalciferol (50 000 IU/subject/week) and calcium (1200 mg/dL calcium/subject/day). Results revealed that after 3 months of supplementation, the Diet/Ca/D group subjects experienced a significant reduction (P ≤ .05) in weight (10.49 kg), BMI (4.61 ± 2 kg/m2), waist circumference (11.41 ± 8.9 cm), body fat percentage (2.43 ± 1.7%), FBG (25.81 ± 11.4 mg/dL), PTH (27.58 ± 8.9 pg/mL), cholesterol (0.56 ± 0.2 mmol/L), and triglycerides (0.53 ± 0.21 mmol/L) when compared to the Diet/Ca and the CON groups. Interestingly, however, the CON group showed a significant increase in serum PTH concentration (9.51 ± 3.8 pg/mL, P ≤ .05). Based on these results, a combined Ca and vitamin D3 supplement appears to enhance weight loss and improve some of the blood metabolic profiles in obese women subjected to a weight loss diet, thus supporting our study hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadil S Subih
- Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan.
| | - Zainab Zueter
- Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Bayan M Obeidat
- Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Mohammad A Al-Qudah
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Sana'a Janakat
- Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Fadwa Hammoh
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, American University of Madaba, Madaba, Jordan
| | - Ghazi Sharkas
- Field Epidemiology Training Program, Non-communicable Diseases, Ministry of Health, Amman, Jordan
| | - Hiba A Bawadi
- Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
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Impact of the LIFESTEPS Weight Management Program on Measures of Adiposity, Self-Efficacy, and Lifestyle Behaviors. TOP CLIN NUTR 2018. [DOI: 10.1097/tin.0000000000000144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Romain AJ. An ounce of prevention outweighs kilograms of weight loss. Psychiatry Res 2018; 262:341-342. [PMID: 28602474 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2017.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2016] [Revised: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/04/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Jérôem Romain
- University of Montreal Hospital Research Centre (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada H2X 0A9.
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Dunn C, Haubenreiser M, Johnson M, Nordby K, Aggarwal S, Myer S, Thomas C. Mindfulness Approaches and Weight Loss, Weight Maintenance, and Weight Regain. Curr Obes Rep 2018; 7:37-49. [PMID: 29446036 DOI: 10.1007/s13679-018-0299-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW There is an urgent need for effective weight management techniques, as more than one third of US adults are overweight or obese. Recommendations for weight loss include a combination of reducing caloric intake, increasing physical activity, and behavior modification. Behavior modification includes mindful eating or eating with awareness. The purpose of this review was to summarize the literature and examine the impact of mindful eating on weight management. RECENT FINDINGS The practice of mindful eating has been applied to the reduction of food cravings, portion control, body mass index, and body weight. Past reviews evaluating the relationship between mindfulness and weight management did not focus on change in mindful eating as the primary outcome or mindful eating as a measured variable. This review demonstrates strong support for inclusion of mindful eating as a component of weight management programs and may provide substantial benefit to the treatment of overweight and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn Dunn
- Department of Agricultural and Human Sciences, North Carolina State University, Campus Box 7606, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA.
| | - Megan Haubenreiser
- Community and Clinical Connections for Prevention and Health Branch, North Carolina Division of Public Health, 1915 Mail Service Center, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Madison Johnson
- Department of Agricultural and Human Sciences, North Carolina State University, Campus Box 7606, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Kelly Nordby
- Department of Agricultural and Human Sciences, North Carolina State University, Campus Box 7606, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Surabhi Aggarwal
- Department of Agricultural and Human Sciences, North Carolina State University, Campus Box 7606, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Sarah Myer
- Department of Agricultural and Human Sciences, North Carolina State University, Campus Box 7606, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Cathy Thomas
- Community and Clinical Connections for Prevention and Health Branch, North Carolina Division of Public Health, 1915 Mail Service Center, Raleigh, NC, USA
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Pujia A, Mazza E, Ferro Y, Gazzaruso C, Coppola A, Doldo P, Grembiale RD, Pujia R, Romeo S, Montalcini T. Lipid Oxidation Assessed by Indirect Calorimetry Predicts Metabolic Syndrome and Type 2 Diabetes. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:806. [PMID: 30687238 PMCID: PMC6335247 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Diabetes has been linked to an impaired ability to oxidize fatty acids. Fat oxidation can be assessed clinically by a respiratory quotient measurement during fasting. We hypothesized that a respiratory quotient might predict metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes onset. Methods: In this longitudinal study we used an existing database of 233 individuals who had complete nutritional and biochemical data at baseline and after 12-month follow-up. All participants underwent an indirect calorimetry to measure the respiratory quotient. We excluded participants with diabetes, metabolic syndrome, chronic diseases, and those who had changed food habits in the previous 3 months. Only 88 subjects met the inclusion criteria. Results: Two individuals developed type 2 diabetes and 10 metabolic syndrome after 1 year. Participants in the high respiratory quotient group (>0.91) had a higher incidence of metabolic syndrome/diabetes than those in the low quotient group (25 vs. 8% p = 0.04). In this group, mean basal respiratory quotient was 0.97 ± 0.04. In the high respiratory quotient group, Kaplan-Meier curves showed a greater probability of having metabolic syndrome/diabetes than those in the low respiratoryquotient group (log Rank χ2-test = 8.44; p = 0.004). A multivariable Cox proportional hazards model demonstrated that energy expenditure and weight increase did not predict metabolic syndrome/diabetes [HR (95% CI) = 1 (0.996-1.005), p = 0.86 and 3.9 (0.407-38.061), p = 0.23, respectively). Conclusions: A greater probability of metabolic syndrome/diabetes was found in individuals with a basal respiratory quotient of >0.91 than in those with a respiratoryquotient of ≤ 0.91 after 1 year. In the short-term anthropometric measurements and their variation overtime were not correlated with metabolic syndrome/diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arturo Pujia
- Department of Medical and Surgical Science, University Magna Grecia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Elisa Mazza
- Department of Medical and Surgical Science, University Magna Grecia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Yvelise Ferro
- Department of Medical and Surgical Science, University Magna Grecia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | | | | | - Patrizia Doldo
- Department of Medical and Surgical Science, University Magna Grecia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | | | - Roberta Pujia
- Department of Health Science, University Magna Grecia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Stefano Romeo
- Department of Medical and Surgical Science, University Magna Grecia, Catanzaro, Italy
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Tiziana Montalcini
- Nutrition Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Magna Grecia, Catanzaro, Italy
- *Correspondence: Tiziana Montalcini
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Byrne A, Makadia S, Sutherland A, Miller M. Optimizing Non-Pharmacologic Management of Hypertriglyceridemia. Arch Med Res 2017; 48:483-487. [PMID: 29221803 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2017.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The cornerstone of initial management for hypertriglyceridemia (HTG) is lifestyle modification. The combination of weight loss through caloric restriction, alteration in macronutrient composition and increased energy expenditure reduces TG levels by approximately 50%. The addition of cinnamon, cacao products and isocaloric substitution of 1 serving of nuts may contribute another 5-15% lowering of TG. This can be particularly beneficial in patients with HTG who are at increased risk of cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Byrne
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sunal Makadia
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Aimee Sutherland
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Michael Miller
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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Michaud TL, You W, Wilson KE, Su D, McGuire TJ, Almeida FA, Bayer AL, Estabrooks PA. Cost effectiveness and return on investment of a scalable community weight loss intervention. Prev Med 2017; 105:295-303. [PMID: 28987334 PMCID: PMC5918290 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2017.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Revised: 09/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
This study assessed the lifetime health and economic consequences of an efficacious scalable community weight loss program for overweight and obese adults. We applied a state-transition Markov model to project lifetime economic outcome (US dollar) and the degree of disease averted as a result of a weight loss intervention, compared with no intervention, from a payer perspective. Effect sizes of the intervention on weight loss, by sex, race and ethnicity, and body mass index (BMI) of participants, were derived from a 12-month community program. Relative risk of diseases across BMI levels and other parameters were informed by the literature. A return on investment (ROI) analysis was conducted to present the overall cost-benefit of the program. Simulation results showed that among 33,656 participants and at a cost of $2.88 million, the program was predicted to avert (with a corresponding estimated medical costs saved of) 78 cases of coronary heart disease ($28 million), 9 cases of strokes ($971,832), 92 cases of type 2 diabetes ($24 million), 1 case of colorectal cancer ($357,022), and 3 cases of breast cancer ($483,259) over the participant lifetime. The estimated medical costs saved per participant was $1403 ($1077 of African American men and $1532 of Hispanic men), and the ROI was $16.7 ($12.8 for African American men and $18.3 for Hispanic men) for every $1 invested. We concluded that a scalable efficacious community weight loss program provides a cost-effective approach with significant ROI, which will assist informed decisions for future adoption and dissemination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzeyu L Michaud
- Department of Health Promotion, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA; Center for Reducing Health Disparities, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
| | - Wen You
- Department of Agricultural and Applied Economics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Kathryn E Wilson
- Department of Health Promotion, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Dejun Su
- Department of Health Promotion, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA; Center for Reducing Health Disparities, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | | | - Fabio A Almeida
- Department of Health Promotion, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA; Center for Reducing Health Disparities, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Amy L Bayer
- Prevention and Chronic Care Solutions, Kaiser Permanente Colorado, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Paul A Estabrooks
- Department of Health Promotion, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
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Rosas R, Pimenta F, Maroco J, Leal I. Perceived consequences of a successful weight loss: A pluralist qualitative study. J Health Psychol 2017; 24:1043-1055. [PMID: 28810388 DOI: 10.1177/1359105316685901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Weight loss improves health but little is known regarding how those who achieve feel about it. Aiming to identify positive and negative consequences of a successful weight loss, 30 men and women who achieved a successful weight loss were interviewed. Interviews were analysed (content and thematic analysis). Inter-rater agreement was assessed. With multiple correspondence analysis, a three-factor model explained the associations between categories: (1) personal growth/social adversities, (2) body image/social benefits and (3) physical/emotional well-being. Successful weight loss has positive and negative consequences that need to be addressed; positive aspects (e.g. personal growth) and negative consequences (e.g. relational problems) need to be tackled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Rosas
- William James Center for Research, ISPA - Instituto Universitário, Portugal
| | - Filipa Pimenta
- William James Center for Research, ISPA - Instituto Universitário, Portugal
| | - João Maroco
- William James Center for Research, ISPA - Instituto Universitário, Portugal
| | - Isabel Leal
- William James Center for Research, ISPA - Instituto Universitário, Portugal
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Cichosz SL, Lundby-Christensen L, Johansen MD, Tarnow L, Almdal TP, Hejlesen OK. Prediction of excessive weight gain in insulin treated patients with type 2 diabetes. J Diabetes 2017; 9:325-331. [PMID: 27130075 DOI: 10.1111/1753-0407.12418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Weight gain is an ongoing challenge when initiating insulin therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, if prediction of insulin-associated weight gain was possible on an individual level, targeted initiatives could be implemented to reduce weight gain. The aim of the present study was to identify predictors of weight gain in insulin-treated patients with T2DM. METHODS In all, 412 individuals with T2DM were, in addition to metformin or placebo, randomized into 18-month treatment groups with three different insulin analog treatment regimens (biphasic, aspart, detemir). Participants with excessive weight gain were defined as the group with weight gain in the 4th quartile (>6.2 kg).We developed a pattern classification method to predict individuals prone to excessive weight gain. RESULTS Over the 18-month treatment period, median weight gain among all 412 patients was 2.4 kg (95% prediction interval [PI] -5.6, 12.4 kg), whereas median weight gain for those in the upper 4th quartile (n = 103) was 8.9 kg (95% PI 6.3, 15.2 kg). No clinical baseline data were strong predictors of excessive weight gain. However, the weight gain during the first 3 months of the trial and the subsequent dose of insulin yielded a useful predictor for weight gain at the 18-month follow-up. Combining these two predictors into a prediction model with other clinical available information produced a receiver operating characteristic area under the curve of 0.80. CONCLUSIONS We have developed a prediction model that could help identify a substantial proportion of individuals with T2DM prone to large weight gain during insulin therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Lebech Cichosz
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Louise Lundby-Christensen
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Endocrinology PE, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mette D Johansen
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Lise Tarnow
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Nordsjaellands Hospital, Hilleroed, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Research, Nordsjaellands Hospital, Hilleroed, Denmark
- Department of Endocrinology PE, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Ole K Hejlesen
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
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Metabolically healthy versus unhealthy obesity and risk for diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases. Cardiovasc Endocrinol 2017; 6:23-26. [PMID: 31646115 DOI: 10.1097/xce.0000000000000119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity presents one of the biggest issues of modern-day life for a wide variety of medical specialties, starting with the cardiologist and ending with the diabetologist or the bariatric surgeon. However, in the last few years a new entity has emerged, the metabolically healthy obese (MHO) individual. This category encompasses obese individuals without the presence of metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, or hypertension. Several studies have thus been undertaken to determine the risk of these MHO individuals for diabetes mellitus or cardiovascular diseases compared with the 'unhealthy' obese. Data are still controversial on this matter, but one trend seems to be emerging: MHO is but a transient phase in the path toward insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome.
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Williams EJ, Baines KJ, Berthon BS, Wood LG. Effects of an Encapsulated Fruit and Vegetable Juice Concentrate on Obesity-Induced Systemic Inflammation: A Randomised Controlled Trial. Nutrients 2017; 9:E116. [PMID: 28208713 PMCID: PMC5331547 DOI: 10.3390/nu9020116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Revised: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Phytochemicals from fruit and vegetables reduce systemic inflammation. This study examined the effects of an encapsulated fruit and vegetable (F&V) juice concentrate on systemic inflammation and other risk factors for chronic disease in overweight and obese adults. A double-blinded, parallel, randomized placebo-controlled trial was conducted in 56 adults aged ≥40 years with a body mass index (BMI) ≥28 kg/m². Before and after eight weeks daily treatment with six capsules of F&V juice concentrate or placebo, peripheral blood gene expression (microarray, quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR)), plasma tumour necrosis factor (TNF)α (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)), body composition (Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA)) and lipid profiles were assessed. Following consumption of juice concentrate, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and plasma TNFα decreased and total lean mass increased, while there was no change in the placebo group. In subjects with high systemic inflammation at baseline (serum C-reactive protein (CRP) ≥3.0 mg/mL) who were supplemented with the F&V juice concentrate (n = 16), these effects were greater, with decreased total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and plasma TNFα and increased total lean mass; plasma CRP was unchanged by the F&V juice concentrate following both analyses. The expression of several genes involved in lipogenesis, the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and 5' adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signalling pathways was altered, including phosphomevalonate kinase (PMVK), zinc finger AN1-type containing 5 (ZFAND5) and calcium binding protein 39 (CAB39), respectively. Therefore, F&V juice concentrate improves the metabolic profile, by reducing systemic inflammation and blood lipid profiles and, thus, may be useful in reducing the risk of obesity-induced chronic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan J Williams
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Callaghan NSW 2308, Australia.
| | - Katherine J Baines
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Callaghan NSW 2308, Australia.
| | - Bronwyn S Berthon
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Callaghan NSW 2308, Australia.
| | - Lisa G Wood
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Callaghan NSW 2308, Australia.
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Fathi Y, Ghodrati N, Zibaeenezhad MJ, Faghih S. Kefir drink causes a significant yet similar improvement in serum lipid profile, compared with low-fat milk, in a dairy-rich diet in overweight or obese premenopausal women: A randomized controlled trial. J Clin Lipidol 2017; 11:136-146. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jacl.2016.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2016] [Revised: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Anderson JW, Schwartz SM, Hauptman J, Boldrin M, Rossi M, Bansal V, Hale CA. Obesity: Low-Dose Orlistat Effects on Body Weight of Mildly to Moderately Overweight Individuals: A 16 Week, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial. Ann Pharmacother 2016; 40:1717-23. [PMID: 16940406 DOI: 10.1345/aph.1h234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Lifestyle measures are considered the first line of therapy for treating overweight individuals, but many are unable to achieve a meaningful weight loss. Objective: To determine the efficacy and safety of orlistat 60 mg, given 3 times daily, for weight loss in mildly to moderately overweight individuals. Methods: A multicenter, 16 week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was conducted in 391 overweight subjects at 20 US centers. The main outcome measure was change in weight from baseline to week 16; secondary measures included changes in body mass index, waist circumference, blood pressure, and fasting lipoprotein and glucose levels. Results: Subjects in both groups lost weight over the treatment period; however, orlistat-treated subjects lost significantly more weight than placebo-treated subjects beyond 2 weeks of treatment. Weight loss from baseline to week 16 was significantly greater in participants receiving orlistat versus those receiving placebo (3.05 vs 1.90 kg; p < 0.001, intent-to-treat analysis). Orlistat-treated subjects who completed 16 weeks of treatment lost 4.8 ± 0.35% (mean ± SE) of baseline weight compared with 3.1 ± 0.38% for the placebo group (p < 0.001). Orlistat-treated subjects, compared with those receiving placebo, also demonstrated a greater relative reduction in total (–4.4% vs 0.0%; p = 0.004) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (–7.2% vs -0.6%; p = 0.005) and both diastolic (-3.9% vs -0.5%; p = 0.001) and systolic blood pressure (-4.7% vs -1.8%; p = 0.004). Both groups showed a similar safety profile; gastrointestinal events were significantly more common in the orlistat-treated subjects. Conclusions: The use of orlistat 60 mg by mildly to moderately overweight individuals produced significant weight loss in conjunction with a reduced calorie diet and self-instructional materials. This amount of weight loss was associated with improvements in several weight-related risk factors. Orlistat 60 mg may be a useful adjunct to lifestyle measures and has the potential to contribute significantly to weight and risk factor improvement for overweight individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- James W Anderson
- Endocrine Division, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506-0298, USA.
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Harvie M, Howell T. Need for Weight Management among Postmenopausal Early Breast Cancer Patients Receiving Adjuvant Endocrine Therapy. WOMENS HEALTH 2016; 1:205-22. [DOI: 10.2217/17455057.1.2.205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Increasingly effective adjuvant therapies mean that the prognosis for postmenopausal women with breast cancer has never been better. Weight problems are common among breast cancer patients and worsen due to the impact of diagnosis and treatment. Recent studies have linked excess weight with the risk of recurrence of breast cancer among premenopausal women. While general obesity (body mass index) does not appear to influence the already much improved prognosis for postmenopausal women, there is some evidence that limiting central obesity and improving insulin resistance may improve survival. The focus of attention for postmenopausal breast cancer survivors is also shifting to consider the mortality and morbidity from other weight-related cancers and noncancer causes, such as cardiovascular disease, making weight control a potentially important adjunct to endocrine therapy. This paper outlines the rationale and optimal design for effective weight management strategies among postmenopausal breast cancer patients receiving endocrine therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Harvie
- CRUK University Department of Medical Oncology Christie Hospital, Christie Hospital Wilmslow road Manchester M20 4BX, Tel.: +44 161 446 8037; Fax: +44 161 446 8000
| | - Tony Howell
- CRUK University Department of Medical Oncology Christie Hospital, Christie Hospital Wilmslow road Manchester M20 4BX, Tel.: +44 161 446 8037; Fax: +44 161 446 8000
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