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Zhang WB, Jia FF, Liu BP, Li Q, Jia CX. Explaining how childhood physical abuse and physical neglect influence adult depression: An analysis with multiple sequential mediators. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2024; 152:106771. [PMID: 38581769 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2024.106771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Substantial evidence indicates that experiencing physical abuse and neglect during childhood significantly elevates the likelihood of developing depression in adulthood. Nevertheless, there remains a dearth of understanding regarding the mechanisms underpinning this correlation. OBJECTIVE In this study, we aimed to examine the associations of childhood physical abuse and physical neglect with depression using follow-up data from UK Biobank and quantified the contribution of smoking, insomnia, and BMI in these associations. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTINGS This study included 144,704 participants (64,168 men and 80,536 women) from UK Biobank, most of whom were white (97 %). METHODS Physical abuse and physical neglect were measured using two items of Childhood Trauma Screener (CTS). Data on the incidence of depression were obtained from primary care, hospital inpatient records, self-reported medical conditions, and death registries. We used a sequential mediation analysis based on the "g-formula" approach to explore the individual and joint effects of potential mediators. RESULTS The depression incidence rate was 1.85 per 1000 person-years for men and 2.83 per 1000 person-years for women, respectively. Results of Cox proportional risk regression showed that physical abuse (HRs: 1.39-1.53, P < 0.001) and physical neglect (HRs: 1.43-1.60, P < 0.001) are associated with depression. Smoking, insomnia, and BMI together mediated 3 %-26 % of the associations. CONCLUSIONS These findings contribute to our understanding of how physical abuse and physical neglect influence depression. Furthermore, a more effective reduction in the burden of depression can be achieved by managing modifiable mediators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Bo Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Fei-Fei Jia
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
| | - Bao-Peng Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Qi Li
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Cun-Xian Jia
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
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Wolters I, Kastaun S, Kotz D. Associations between body mass index and smoking behaviour: A cross-sectional study of the German adult population. Physiol Behav 2024; 275:114436. [PMID: 38103627 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2023.114436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Both smoking and high body weight are risk factors for disease, hence, the association between smoking and body weight is an important health issue. Furthermore, concern about weight gain after quitting smoking is for many smokers a barrier to smoking cessation. The present study aims to explore the association between body mass index (BMI) and current tobacco smoking status in the population of Germany, and smoking and quitting behaviour amongst smokers (and recent ex-smokers =<12 months since quitting). METHODS Cross-sectional analysis of two waves of data collected from March through June 2021 through a representative face-to-face household survey in Germany (N = 3 997 respondents aged ≥18). The associations between smoking and quitting behaviours and BMI were analysed through four regression models adjusted for socio-demographic, socio-economic, and smoking characteristics of respondents. RESULTS Long-term ex-smokers (>= 12 months since quitting smoking) were more likely to have a higher BMI compared to never smokers (β = 0.64, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.10-1.19). There was no statistically significant association between current smoking status or recent ex-smoking status and BMI (β = -0.29,95 %CI = -0.75-0.17 and β = -0.53, 95 %CI = -2.45-1.40). Among current smokers, no statistically significant association was found between BMI and the motivation to stop smoking (OR = 1.01, 95 %CI = 0.99-1.03). Neither number of cigarettes smoked a day nor outcome of most recent quit attempt were related to BMI (β = 0.01, 95 %CI = -0.04-0.05 and OR = 0.41, 95 %CI = 0.05-3.05). CONCLUSION In the German population long-term ex-smoking but not current and recent ex-smoking was associated with increased BMI. Future research should further explore the association between smoking behaviour and abdominal obesity, preferably using a more accurate measure for abdominal obesity than BMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Wolters
- Institute of General Practice (ifam), Centre for Health and Society (chs), Addiction Research and Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Medical Faculty of the Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Sabrina Kastaun
- Institute of General Practice (ifam), Centre for Health and Society (chs), Addiction Research and Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Medical Faculty of the Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany; Institute of General Practice (ifam), Centre for Health and Society (chs), Patient-Physician Communication Research Unit, Medical Faculty of the Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Daniel Kotz
- Institute of General Practice (ifam), Centre for Health and Society (chs), Addiction Research and Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Medical Faculty of the Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom.
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Um S, An Y. Factors associated with overweight and obesity among women of reproductive age in Cambodia: Analysis of Cambodia Demographic and Health Survey 2021-22. PLOS GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 4:e0002537. [PMID: 38295032 PMCID: PMC10830042 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0002537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Overweight and obesity are associated with increased chronic disease and death rates globally. In Cambodia, the prevalence of overweight and obesity among women is high and increasing. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and factors associated with overweight and obesity among women of reproductive age (WRA) in Cambodia. We analyzed data from the 2021-22 Cambodia Demographic and Health Survey (CDHS). Data analysis was restricted to non-pregnant women, resulting in an analytic sample of 9,417 WRA. Multiple logistic regressions were performed using STATA V17 to examine factors associated with overweight and obesity. The prevalence of overweight and obesity among WRA was 22.56% and 5.61%, respectively. Factors independently associated with increased odds of overweight and obesity included women aged 20-29 years [AOR = 1.85; 95% CI: 1.22-2.80], 30-39 years [AOR = 3.34; 95% CI: 2.21-5.04], and 40-49 years [AOR = 5.57; 95% CI: 3.76-8.25], women from rich wealth quintile [AOR = 1.44; 95% C: 1.19-1.73], having three children or more [AOR = 1.40; 95% CI: 1.00-1.95], ever drink alcohol [AOR = 1.24; 95% CI: 1.04-1.47], and current drink alcohol [AOR = 1.2; 95% CI: 1.01-1.45]. Women completed at least secondary education were less likely being overweight and obese [AOR = 0.73; 95% CI: 0.58-0.91]. Overweight and obesity remains highly prevalent among WRA in Cambodia. Therefore, there is an urgent need to take interventions that target women from higher socio-demographic status to reduce the risk of life-threatening caused by being overweight and obese through raising awareness of important changing lifestyles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samnang Um
- National Institute of Public Health, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
- Faculty of Social Science and Humanities, Royal University of Phnom Penh, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Yom An
- National Institute of Public Health, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
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4
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Liu IT, Gu L, De Hoedt AM, Cooperberg MR, Amling CL, Kane CJ, Klaassen Z, Terris MK, Guerrios-Rivera L, Vidal AC, Aronson WJ, Freedland SJ, Csizmadi I. Are associations between obesity and prostate cancer outcomes following radical prostatectomy the same in smokers and non-smokers? Results from the SEARCH Cohort. Cancer Causes Control 2023; 34:983-993. [PMID: 37405681 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-023-01747-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Obesity and smoking have been associated with poor prostate cancer (PC) outcomes. We investigated associations between obesity and biochemical recurrence (BCR), metastasis, castrate resistant-PC (CRPC), PC-specific mortality (PCSM), and all-cause mortality (ACM) and examined if smoking modified these associations. METHODS We analyzed SEARCH Cohort data from men undergoing RP between 1990 and 2020. Cox regression models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for associations between body mass index (BMI) as a continuous variable and weight status classifications (normal: 18.5 ≤ 25 kg/m2; overweight: 25-29.9 kg/m2; obese: ≥ 30 kg/m2) and PC outcomes. RESULTS Among 6,241 men, 1,326 (21%) were normal weight, 2,756 (44%) overweight and 2159 (35%) obese; 1,841 (30%) were never-smokers, 2,768 (44%) former and 1,632 (26%) current-smokers. Among all men, obesity was associated with non-significant increased risk of PCSM, adj-HR = 1.71; 0.98-2.98, P = 0.057, while overweight and obesity were inversely associated with ACM, adj-HR = 0.75; 0.66-0.84, P < 0.001 and adj-HR = 0.86; 0.75-0.99, P = 0.033, respectively. Other associations were null. BCR and ACM were stratified for smoking status given evidence for interactions (P = 0.048 and P = 0.054, respectively). Among current-smokers, overweight was associated with an increase in BCR (adj-HR = 1.30; 1.07-1.60, P = 0.011) and a decrease in ACM (adj-HR = 0.70; 0.58-0.84, P < 0.001). Among never-smokers, BMI (continuous) was associated with an increase in ACM (adj-HR = 1.03; 1.00-1.06, P = 0.033). CONCLUSIONS While our results are consistent with obesity as a risk factor for PCSM, we present evidence of effect modification by smoking for BCR and ACM highlighting the importance of stratifying by smoking status to better understand associations with body weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivy T Liu
- Durham VA Healthcare System, Durham, NC, USA.
| | - Lin Gu
- Durham VA Healthcare System, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Matthew R Cooperberg
- San Francisco VA Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Urology, UCSF Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Christopher J Kane
- San Diego VA Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Urology, UC San Diego Health System, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Zachary Klaassen
- Department of Surgery, Section of Urology, Augusta University-Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Martha K Terris
- Department of Surgery, Section of Urology, Augusta University-Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA, USA
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Lourdes Guerrios-Rivera
- Caribbean VA Healthcare System, San Juan, PR, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR, USA
| | - Adriana C Vidal
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - William J Aronson
- West Los Angeles VA Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Urology, UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Stephen J Freedland
- Durham VA Healthcare System, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ilona Csizmadi
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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5
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Woo DH, Park M, Jang SY, Park S, Jang SI. Association between smoking status and subjective quality of sleep in the South Korean population: a cross-sectional study. Sleep Breath 2023; 27:1519-1526. [PMID: 36214946 DOI: 10.1007/s11325-022-02726-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to investigate the relationship between smoking and subjective sleep quality in the Korean adult population. METHODS We designed a cross-sectional survey using data from the 2018 Korean Community Health Service Conditions Survey and selected smoking status as our variable of interest. We divided the participants into people who currently, never, and formerly smoked, those who smoked < 20 cigarettes/day, and those who smoked > 20 cigarettes/day. Subjective sleep quality was analyzed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed for statistical analysis. RESULTS A total of 174,665 participants were enrolled. People who formerly and currently smoked were found to have poorer subjective sleep quality than those who never smoked. The odds of poor subjective sleep quality in people who smoked > 20 cigarettes/day were 1.15 times (95% confidence interval: 1.09-1.21) for men and 1.51 times (95% confidence interval: 1.22-1.86) for women, compared with men and women who never smoked. CONCLUSIONS Smoking was negatively associated with subjective sleep quality. Smoking cessation programs and lifestyle improvement education may be justifiable to improve the quality of sleep in Korean adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Do Hee Woo
- Graduate School of Public Health, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Minah Park
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
- Institute of Health Services Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Suk-Yong Jang
- Institute of Health Services Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Healthcare Management, Graduate School of Public Health, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sohee Park
- Department of Biostatistics, Graduate School of Public Health, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sung-In Jang
- Institute of Health Services Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea.
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
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Delaye M, Rousseau A, Mailly-Giacchetti L, Assoun S, Sokol H, Neuzillet C. Obesity, cancer, and response to immune checkpoint inhibitors: Could the gut microbiota be the mechanistic link? Pharmacol Ther 2023:108442. [PMID: 37210004 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2023.108442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) have deeply changed the therapeutic management of a broad spectrum of solid tumors. Recent observations showed that obese patients receiving ICIs might have better outcomes than those with normal weight, while obesity was historically associated with a worse prognosis in cancer patients. Of note, obesity is associated with alterations in the gut microbiome profile, which interacts with immune and inflammatory pathways, both at the systemic and intratumoral levels. As the influence of the gut microbiota on the response to ICI has been repeatedly reported, a specific gut microbiome profile in obese cancer patients may be involved in their better response to ICI. This review summarizes recent data on the interactions between obesity, gut microbiota, and ICIs. In addition, we highlight possible pathophysiological mechanisms supporting the hypothesis that gut microbiota could be one of the links between obesity and poor response to ICIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthieu Delaye
- Curie Institute, Department of medical oncology, Versailles Saint-Quentin University, Saint-Cloud, France; GERCOR, 75011 Paris, France
| | - Adrien Rousseau
- Department of Medical Oncology, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| | - Léah Mailly-Giacchetti
- Department of Medical Oncology, Saint-Louis Hospital, AP-HP.Nord - Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Sandra Assoun
- Department of Thoracic Oncology & CIC 1425/CLIP2 Paris-Nord, Bichat-Claude Bernard Hospital, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Harry Sokol
- Paris Center for Microbiome Medicine (PaCeMM) FHU, Paris, France; Sorbonne Université, INSERM UMRS-938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, CRSA, AP-HP, Paris, France; INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institut, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Cindy Neuzillet
- Curie Institute, Department of medical oncology, Versailles Saint-Quentin University, Saint-Cloud, France; GERCOR, 75011 Paris, France.
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Gao X, Zhang M, Yang Z, Niu X, Zhou B, Chen J, Wang W, Wei Y, Han S, Cheng J, Zhang Y. Nicotine addiction and overweight affect intrinsic neural activity and neurotransmitter activity: A fMRI study of interaction effects. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2023; 77:178-185. [PMID: 36468828 DOI: 10.1111/pcn.13516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nicotine addiction and overweight often co-exist, but the neurobiological mechanism of their co-morbidity remains to be clarified. In this study, we explore how nicotine addiction and overweight affect intrinsic neural activity and neurotransmitter activity. METHODS This study included 54 overweight people and 54 age-, sex-, and handedness-matched normal-weight individuals, who were further divided into four groups based on nicotine addiction. We used a two-way factorial design to compare intrinsic neural activity (calculated by the fALFF method) in four groups based on resting-state functional magnetic resonance images (rs-fMRI). Furthermore, the correlation between fALFF values and PET- and SPECT-derived maps to examine specific neurotransmitter system changes underlying nicotine addiction and overweight. RESULTS Nicotine addiction and overweight affect intrinsic neural activity by themselves. In combination, they showed antagonistic effects in the interactive brain regions (left insula and right precuneus). Cross-modal correlations displayed that intrinsic neural activity changes in the interactive brain regions were related to the noradrenaline system (NAT). CONCLUSION Due to the existence of interaction, nicotine partially restored the changes of spontaneous activity in the interactive brain regions of overweight people. Therefore, when studying one factor alone, the other should be used as a control variable. Besides, this work links the noradrenaline system with intrinsic neural activity in overweight nicotine addicts. By examining the interactions between nicotine addiction and overweight from neuroimaging and molecular perspectives, this study provides some ideas for the treatment of both co-morbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Gao
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Molecular imaging of Henan Province, Henan, China.,Engineering Technology Research Center for detection and application of brain function of Henan Province, Henan, China.,Engineering Research Center of Medical Imaging Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment of Henan Province, Henan, China.,Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Brain Function of Henan Province, Henan, China.,Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Cognitive Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Imaging Intelligence Research medicine of Henan Province, Henan, China.,Engineering Research Center of Brain Function Development and Application of Henan Province, Henan, China
| | - Mengzhe Zhang
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Molecular imaging of Henan Province, Henan, China.,Engineering Technology Research Center for detection and application of brain function of Henan Province, Henan, China.,Engineering Research Center of Medical Imaging Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment of Henan Province, Henan, China.,Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Brain Function of Henan Province, Henan, China.,Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Cognitive Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Imaging Intelligence Research medicine of Henan Province, Henan, China.,Engineering Research Center of Brain Function Development and Application of Henan Province, Henan, China
| | - Zhengui Yang
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Molecular imaging of Henan Province, Henan, China.,Engineering Technology Research Center for detection and application of brain function of Henan Province, Henan, China.,Engineering Research Center of Medical Imaging Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment of Henan Province, Henan, China.,Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Brain Function of Henan Province, Henan, China.,Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Cognitive Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Imaging Intelligence Research medicine of Henan Province, Henan, China.,Engineering Research Center of Brain Function Development and Application of Henan Province, Henan, China
| | - Xiaoyu Niu
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Molecular imaging of Henan Province, Henan, China.,Engineering Technology Research Center for detection and application of brain function of Henan Province, Henan, China.,Engineering Research Center of Medical Imaging Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment of Henan Province, Henan, China.,Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Brain Function of Henan Province, Henan, China.,Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Cognitive Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Imaging Intelligence Research medicine of Henan Province, Henan, China.,Engineering Research Center of Brain Function Development and Application of Henan Province, Henan, China
| | - Bingqian Zhou
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Molecular imaging of Henan Province, Henan, China.,Engineering Technology Research Center for detection and application of brain function of Henan Province, Henan, China.,Engineering Research Center of Medical Imaging Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment of Henan Province, Henan, China.,Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Brain Function of Henan Province, Henan, China.,Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Cognitive Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Imaging Intelligence Research medicine of Henan Province, Henan, China.,Engineering Research Center of Brain Function Development and Application of Henan Province, Henan, China
| | - Jingli Chen
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Molecular imaging of Henan Province, Henan, China.,Engineering Technology Research Center for detection and application of brain function of Henan Province, Henan, China.,Engineering Research Center of Medical Imaging Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment of Henan Province, Henan, China.,Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Brain Function of Henan Province, Henan, China.,Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Cognitive Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Imaging Intelligence Research medicine of Henan Province, Henan, China.,Engineering Research Center of Brain Function Development and Application of Henan Province, Henan, China
| | - Weijian Wang
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Molecular imaging of Henan Province, Henan, China.,Engineering Technology Research Center for detection and application of brain function of Henan Province, Henan, China.,Engineering Research Center of Medical Imaging Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment of Henan Province, Henan, China.,Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Brain Function of Henan Province, Henan, China.,Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Cognitive Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Imaging Intelligence Research medicine of Henan Province, Henan, China.,Engineering Research Center of Brain Function Development and Application of Henan Province, Henan, China
| | - Yarui Wei
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Molecular imaging of Henan Province, Henan, China.,Engineering Technology Research Center for detection and application of brain function of Henan Province, Henan, China.,Engineering Research Center of Medical Imaging Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment of Henan Province, Henan, China.,Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Brain Function of Henan Province, Henan, China.,Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Cognitive Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Imaging Intelligence Research medicine of Henan Province, Henan, China.,Engineering Research Center of Brain Function Development and Application of Henan Province, Henan, China
| | - Shaoqiang Han
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Molecular imaging of Henan Province, Henan, China.,Engineering Technology Research Center for detection and application of brain function of Henan Province, Henan, China.,Engineering Research Center of Medical Imaging Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment of Henan Province, Henan, China.,Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Brain Function of Henan Province, Henan, China.,Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Cognitive Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Imaging Intelligence Research medicine of Henan Province, Henan, China.,Engineering Research Center of Brain Function Development and Application of Henan Province, Henan, China
| | - Jingliang Cheng
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Molecular imaging of Henan Province, Henan, China.,Engineering Technology Research Center for detection and application of brain function of Henan Province, Henan, China.,Engineering Research Center of Medical Imaging Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment of Henan Province, Henan, China.,Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Brain Function of Henan Province, Henan, China.,Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Cognitive Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Imaging Intelligence Research medicine of Henan Province, Henan, China.,Engineering Research Center of Brain Function Development and Application of Henan Province, Henan, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Molecular imaging of Henan Province, Henan, China.,Engineering Technology Research Center for detection and application of brain function of Henan Province, Henan, China.,Engineering Research Center of Medical Imaging Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment of Henan Province, Henan, China.,Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Brain Function of Henan Province, Henan, China.,Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Cognitive Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Imaging Intelligence Research medicine of Henan Province, Henan, China.,Engineering Research Center of Brain Function Development and Application of Henan Province, Henan, China
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8
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Huh Y, Kim SH, Nam GE, Park HS. Weight Gain, Comorbidities, and Its Associated Factors Among Korean Adults. J Korean Med Sci 2023; 38:e90. [PMID: 36974399 PMCID: PMC10042724 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2023.38.e90] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 03/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Weight gain in adults is associated with an increased risk of obesity-related diseases and high healthcare costs. However, there have been limited studies on weight gain in Asians. This study investigated the prevalence, comorbidities, and associated factors of weight gain in the Korean population. METHODS This is a cross-sectional study of Korean adults aged 19-64 years who participated in the Korea National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey 2016-2019. We used data from 15,514 adults (subjects 1) to analyze the prevalence of weight gain. Finally, after excluding adults with suspicious debilitating conditions among them, 11,477 adults (subjects 2) were used to analyze comorbidities and associated factors. Weight changes and lifestyle factors were assessed using a self-report questionnaire. We analyzed odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals using multivariable logistic regression analysis to examine factors associated with weight gain. RESULTS The overall prevalence of weight gain was 25.7% in men and 31.3% in women and decreased significantly with age in both sexes. Weight gain of ≥ 6 kg was evident in 10.5% of men and 9.8% of women and was more pronounced with a higher baseline body mass index (BMI). Most metabolic comorbidities worsened the greater the weight gain. Young age was the strongest associated factor for weight gain. Other factors associated with weight gain were being unmarried, blue-collar job, lower income, and alcohol consumption in men; being married in women; smoking and skipping breakfast in both sexes. CONCLUSION Weight gain was much more pronounced in younger adults and at a higher baseline BMI in both sexes. Public education and health policies to prevent unnecessary weight gain should be strengthened by considering the associated harmful factors in Korean adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youn Huh
- Department of Family Medicine, Uijeongbu Eulji Medical Center, Eulji Unversity, Uijeongbu, Korea
| | - Seung Hee Kim
- Department of Family Medicine, Wonkwang University Sanbon Hospital, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Gunpo, Korea
- Department of Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, Korea
| | - Ga Eun Nam
- Department of Family Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye Soon Park
- Department of Family Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Gao X, Zhang M, Yang Z, Niu X, Chen J, Zhou B, Wang W, Wei Y, Cheng J, Han S, Zhang Y. Explore the effects of overweight and smoking on spontaneous brain activity: Independent and reverse. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:944768. [PMCID: PMC9597461 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.944768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggested that overweight and smoking often co-exist. However, current neuroimaging researches have almost always studied smoking or overweight status separately. Here we sought to investigate the neurobiological mechanisms of this comorbid association, by detecting spontaneous brain activity changes associated with smoking and weight status separately and collectively. We used 2 × 2 factorial design and included the following four groups: overweight/normal-weight smokers (n = 34/n = 30) and overweight/normal-weight non-smokers (n = 22/n = 24). The spontaneous brain activity among the four groups was comparable using an amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF) method based on resting-state fMRI (rs-fMRI). Furthermore, correlation analyses between brain activity changes, smoking severity and BMI values were performed. A main effect of smoking was discovered in the default mode network (DMN) and visual network related brain regions. Moreover, overweight people had high ALFF value in the brain regions associated with reward and executive control. More importantly, smoking and overweight both affected brain activity of the middle temporal gyrus (MTG), but the effect was opposite. And the brain activity of MTG was negatively correlated with smoking years, pack year and BMI value. These results suggest that smoking and overweight not only affect spontaneous brain activity alone, but also paradoxically affect spontaneous brain activity in the MTG. This suggests that we need to control for weight as a variable when studying spontaneous brain activity in smokers. Besides, this interaction may provide a neurological explanation for the comorbidity of overweight and smoking and a target for the treatment of comorbid populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Gao
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Molecular Imaging of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
- Engineering Technology Research Center for Detection and Application of Brain Function of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
- Engineering Research Center of Medical Imaging Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Brain Function of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Cognitive Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Imaging Intelligence Research Medicine of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Mengzhe Zhang
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Molecular Imaging of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
- Engineering Technology Research Center for Detection and Application of Brain Function of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
- Engineering Research Center of Medical Imaging Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Brain Function of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Cognitive Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Imaging Intelligence Research Medicine of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhengui Yang
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Molecular Imaging of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
- Engineering Technology Research Center for Detection and Application of Brain Function of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
- Engineering Research Center of Medical Imaging Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Brain Function of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Cognitive Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Imaging Intelligence Research Medicine of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyu Niu
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Molecular Imaging of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
- Engineering Technology Research Center for Detection and Application of Brain Function of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
- Engineering Research Center of Medical Imaging Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Brain Function of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Cognitive Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Imaging Intelligence Research Medicine of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jingli Chen
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Molecular Imaging of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
- Engineering Technology Research Center for Detection and Application of Brain Function of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
- Engineering Research Center of Medical Imaging Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Brain Function of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Cognitive Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Imaging Intelligence Research Medicine of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Bingqian Zhou
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Molecular Imaging of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
- Engineering Technology Research Center for Detection and Application of Brain Function of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
- Engineering Research Center of Medical Imaging Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Brain Function of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Cognitive Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Imaging Intelligence Research Medicine of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Weijian Wang
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Molecular Imaging of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
- Engineering Technology Research Center for Detection and Application of Brain Function of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
- Engineering Research Center of Medical Imaging Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Brain Function of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Cognitive Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Imaging Intelligence Research Medicine of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yarui Wei
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Molecular Imaging of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
- Engineering Technology Research Center for Detection and Application of Brain Function of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
- Engineering Research Center of Medical Imaging Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Brain Function of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Cognitive Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Imaging Intelligence Research Medicine of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jingliang Cheng
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Molecular Imaging of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
- Engineering Technology Research Center for Detection and Application of Brain Function of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
- Engineering Research Center of Medical Imaging Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Brain Function of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Cognitive Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Imaging Intelligence Research Medicine of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
- Jingliang Cheng,
| | - Shaoqiang Han
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Molecular Imaging of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
- Engineering Technology Research Center for Detection and Application of Brain Function of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
- Engineering Research Center of Medical Imaging Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Brain Function of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Cognitive Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Imaging Intelligence Research Medicine of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
- Shaoqiang Han,
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Molecular Imaging of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
- Engineering Technology Research Center for Detection and Application of Brain Function of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
- Engineering Research Center of Medical Imaging Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Brain Function of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Cognitive Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Imaging Intelligence Research Medicine of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yong Zhang,
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Yoshimura S, Hori K, Uehara F, Hori S, Yamaga Y, Hasegawa Y, Akazawa K, Ono T. Relationship between body mass index and masticatory factors evaluated with a wearable device. Sci Rep 2022; 12:4117. [PMID: 35260734 PMCID: PMC8904537 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-08084-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies have evaluated the relationship between eating behavior and obesity, however few studies have objectively assessed eating behavior. Additionally, the association of masticatory behaviors with masticatory performance remains unclear. This study aimed to verify the relationship between masticatory performance and behavior measured by a wearable masticatory counter, and BMI. 365 healthy adults participated. Mastication behaviors, i.e. number of chews and bites, chewing rate, and chewing time, were measured using wearable masticatory counter while consuming one rice ball (100 g). Masticatory performance was evaluated using testing gummy jelly. Lifestyle habits including exercise, walking, and breakfast, were surveyed by questionnaire. The correlation coefficients between masticatory behaviors and performance and BMI were analyzed. Furthermore, multiple regression analysis was performed. The number of chews showed positive correlation with chewing rate, number of bites and chewing time, but no correlation with masticatory performance. BMI had weak but significant negative correlation with number of chews, bites, chewing time, and masticatory performance, but had no correlation with chewing rate. Multiple regression analysis revealed that BMI was associated with sex, age, number of chews, bites, masticatory performance, and walking speed. In conclusion, masticatory behavior and performance were not interrelated, but both were independently associated with BMI weakly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shogo Yoshimura
- Division of Comprehensive Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry and Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, 2-5274 Gakkocho-dori, Niigata, 951-8514, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Hori
- Division of Comprehensive Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry and Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, 2-5274 Gakkocho-dori, Niigata, 951-8514, Japan.
| | - Fumiko Uehara
- Division of Comprehensive Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry and Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, 2-5274 Gakkocho-dori, Niigata, 951-8514, Japan
| | - Shoko Hori
- Division of Comprehensive Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry and Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, 2-5274 Gakkocho-dori, Niigata, 951-8514, Japan
| | - Yoshio Yamaga
- Division of Comprehensive Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry and Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, 2-5274 Gakkocho-dori, Niigata, 951-8514, Japan
| | - Yoko Hasegawa
- Division of Comprehensive Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry and Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, 2-5274 Gakkocho-dori, Niigata, 951-8514, Japan
| | - Kohei Akazawa
- Department of Medical Informatics, Niigata University Medical and Dental Hospital, Niigata, 951-8520, Japan
| | - Takahiro Ono
- Division of Comprehensive Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry and Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, 2-5274 Gakkocho-dori, Niigata, 951-8514, Japan
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Alkeilani AA, Khalil AA, Azzan AM, Al-Khal NA, Al-Nabit NH, Talab OM, Al-Hajri RA, Rahmoon SM, Ashour AA, Gupta I, Al Moustafa AE. Association between waterpipe smoking and obesity: Population-based study in Qatar. Tob Induc Dis 2022; 20:06. [PMID: 35125989 PMCID: PMC8788307 DOI: 10.18332/tid/143878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Over the past decade obesity prevalence has been increasing rapidly in the Gulf region (GR) including Qatar, becoming one of the major health issues in the region. Concomitantly, waterpipe (WP) smoking is increasing worldwide especially in the GR, and although the effect of cigarette smoking on body weight is well-established, studies indicating an association between WP smoking and obesity are scarce. Thus, we explored the association between WP smoking and obesity in comparison with cigarette smokers and healthy population in Qatar. METHODS We performed a cross-sectional study using data from Qatar Biobank and analyzed anthropometric measurements among 879 adults (aged 18-65 years) that included WP smokers, cigarette smokers, dual smokers and never smokers. Body composition was measured using bioelectrical impedance analysis and reported as lean mass, fat mass, and body fat percentage. RESULTS Overall, 12% (n=108) were WP smokers, 22% (n=196) were cigarette smokers, 9% (n=77) smoked both WP and cigarettes and 57% (n=498) were never smokers. Age, sex, history of diabetes, and hypertension, in addition to nationality were considered as confounding factors. Our analysis revealed that WP smokers had a significantly higher BMI (kg/m2) and fat mass when compared with cigarette smokers (p<0.05). Moreover, compared to cigarette smoking, WP smoking had a higher significant effect on BMI (β=3.8, SE=0.38; and β=5.5, SE=0.46; respectively), and fat mass (β=5.1, SE=0.79; and β=9.0, SE=0.97; respectively). However, WP users were similar to never-smokers in terms of body fat percent. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate that compared to never smokers, daily WP users have higher BMI and fat mass, and are likely to be obese.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Afaf M. Azzan
- College of Medicine, University Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Noof A. Al-Khal
- College of Medicine, University Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Noora H. Al-Nabit
- College of Medicine, University Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Omar M. Talab
- College of Medicine, University Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Rahaf A. Al-Hajri
- College of Medicine, University Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Anas A. Ashour
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ishita Gupta
- College of Medicine, University Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Unit, Qatar University Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ala-Eddin Al Moustafa
- College of Medicine, University Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Unit, Qatar University Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- Biomedical Research Centre, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
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12
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Takeuchi M, Horikawa C, Hatta M, Takeda Y, Nedachi R, Ikeda I, Morikawa S, Kato N, Yokoyama H, Aida R, Tanaka S, Kamada C, Yoshimura Y, Saito T, Fujihara K, Araki A, Sone H. Secular Trends in Dietary Intake over a 20-Year Period in People with Type 2 Diabetes in Japan: A Comparative Study of Two Nationwide Registries; Japan Diabetes Complications Study (JDCS) and Japan Diabetes Clinical Data Management Study (JDDM). Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13103428. [PMID: 34684444 PMCID: PMC8538089 DOI: 10.3390/nu13103428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: In order to provide effective dietary guidance, it is necessary to consider dietary intake, which can change over time. This study analyzed changes in the diet of Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes over a 20-year period. Methods: We compared the results of two dietary surveys that used the food frequency questionnaire format. The first was conducted in 1996 by the Japan Diabetes Complications Study (JDCS) (n = 1509; males 53.3%), and the second in 2014–2018 by the Japan Diabetes Clinical Data Management Study (JDDM) (n = 1145; males 65.6%). Both are nationwide representative registries of outpatients with type 2 diabetes in Japan. Results: Over a 20-year period, both men and women with type 2 diabetes had a significant increase in body mass index (BMI). Nonetheless, there was only a small change in energy intake. Conversely, there was a significant increase in fat intake and thus in the fat-to-energy ratio. With regard to food groups, there was a significant increase in meat intake and a decrease in the intake of fish, soybeans/soy products, vegetables, and fruits, with a particularly significant decrease in vegetables. Conclusions: Even in Japan, an industrialized country with a stable socioeconomic environment, there were many significant changes in the dietary intake of patients with type 2 diabetes over the 20-year period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mizuki Takeuchi
- Department of Hematology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8510, Japan; (M.T.); (Y.T.); (R.N.); (I.I.); (K.F.)
- Department of Health and Nutrition, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata 950-3198, Japan;
| | - Chika Horikawa
- Department of Health and Nutrition, Faculty of Human Life Studies, University of Niigata Prefecture, Niigata 950-8680, Japan;
| | - Mariko Hatta
- Saiseikai Niigata Hospital, Niigata 950-1104, Japan;
| | - Yasunaga Takeda
- Department of Hematology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8510, Japan; (M.T.); (Y.T.); (R.N.); (I.I.); (K.F.)
| | - Rina Nedachi
- Department of Hematology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8510, Japan; (M.T.); (Y.T.); (R.N.); (I.I.); (K.F.)
| | - Izumi Ikeda
- Department of Hematology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8510, Japan; (M.T.); (Y.T.); (R.N.); (I.I.); (K.F.)
| | - Sakiko Morikawa
- Department of Food Science and Dietetics, Faculty of Human Life Studies, Tokushima Bunri University, Tokushima 770-8514, Japan;
| | - Noriko Kato
- Kato Clinic of Internal Medicine, Tokyo 125-0054, Japan;
| | | | - Rei Aida
- School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Osaka 545-8585, Japan;
| | - Shiro Tanaka
- Department of Clinical Biostatistics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan;
| | - Chiemi Kamada
- Faculty of Human Life Science, Shikoku University, Tokushima 771-1192, Japan; (C.K.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Yukio Yoshimura
- Faculty of Human Life Science, Shikoku University, Tokushima 771-1192, Japan; (C.K.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Toshiko Saito
- Department of Health and Nutrition, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata 950-3198, Japan;
| | - Kazuya Fujihara
- Department of Hematology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8510, Japan; (M.T.); (Y.T.); (R.N.); (I.I.); (K.F.)
| | - Atsushi Araki
- Department of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan;
| | - Hirohito Sone
- Department of Hematology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8510, Japan; (M.T.); (Y.T.); (R.N.); (I.I.); (K.F.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +81-25-368-9024
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13
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Frallonardo FP, Lima DR, Carvalho CFC, Loreto AR, Guimarães-Pereira BBS, Ismael F, Torales J, Ventriglio A, de Andrade AG, da Silva Bizário JC, Castaldelli-Maia JM. Effect of BMI on Prolonged Abstinence after Smoking Cessation Treatment: A Retrospective Cohort Study. Curr Drug Res Rev 2021; 13:236-245. [PMID: 34011261 DOI: 10.2174/2589977513666210518160924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the well-documented relationship between weight gain and poorer cessation outcomes among smokers, the role of the former (baseline) weight in smoking cessation is insufficiently investigated. We hypothesized that patients with higher baseline body mass index(BMI) have a worse prognosis in tobacco cessation. OBJECTIVES This retrospective clinical cohort study aimed to investigate the role of the baseline BMI on abstinence over 12 months after participation in smoking cessation treatment conducted in a middle-income country (n = 664). METHODS Data from a 6-week smoking cessation protocol performed in a Psychosocial Care Unit(CAPS) were used. The protocol included four medical consultations and six Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy(CBT) group sessions. Initially, 1,213 participants were evaluated for the study, but only the participants whose telephone contact was successful were included in the outcome analyses. The attrition rate was 45.3%. Continuous and categorical (normal, overweight, and obesity) BMI values were computed. Survival regression models were used to test the associations between BMI and the 12-month abstinence outcome. Self-report 4-week abstinence at the end of treatment was also investigated using logistic regression models. RESULTS Baseline BMI had no significant effect on both short (4-week-point abstinence) and long (12-month prolonged abstinence) treatment outcomes. CONCLUSION The possible influence of the baseline BMI on smoking cessation outcomes, especially considering prolonged abstinence, was not corroborated by our results. Regardless of our results, the detrimental health outcomes due to the combination of obesity/overweight and smoking justify that these subgroups of individuals be continuously targeted for adequate smoking prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Danielle Ruiz Lima
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical School, University of São Paulo, Butanta, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Flavia Ismael
- Municipal University of São Caetano do Sul (USCS), São Caetano do Sul, SP, Brazil
| | - Julio Torales
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medical Sciences, National University of Asunción, Asunción. Paraguay
| | - Antonio Ventriglio
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia. Italy
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Schwartz A, Bellissimo N. Nicotine and energy balance: A review examining the effect of nicotine on hormonal appetite regulation and energy expenditure. Appetite 2021; 164:105260. [PMID: 33848592 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2021.105260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Nicotine has been shown to decrease appetite, food intake (FI) and body weight, but the mechanisms are unclear. The purpose of this review was to examine research on the effects of nicotine on energy balance by exploring physiological mechanisms and hormone regulation related to FI, subjective appetite and energy expenditure (EE). We searched PubMed and MEDLINE, and included articles investigating the effects of nicotine on central appetite regulation, FI, leptin, peptide-YY (PYY), ghrelin, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), adiponectin, cholecystokinin (CCK), orexin, and EE. A total of 65 studies were included in the qualitative synthesis and review. Our findings suggest that the decrease in appetite and FI may be attributed to nicotinic alterations of neuropeptide Y (NPY) and pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) but the effect of nicotine on FI remains unclear. Furthermore, nicotine increases resting EE (REE) and physical activity EE (PAEE) in both smokers and non-smokers; and these increases may be a result of the catecholaminergic effect of nicotine. Decreases in body weight and appetite experienced by nicotine users results from increased EE and changes in the central hypothalamic regulation of appetite. There is not enough evidence to implicate a relationship between peripheral hormones and changes in appetite or FI after nicotine use. Although nicotine increases REE and PAEE, the effect of nicotine on other components of EE warrants further research. We conclude that further research evaluating the effect of nicotine on appetite hormones, FI and EE in humans is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nick Bellissimo
- School of Nutrition, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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15
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Brink LT, Nel DG, Hall DR, Odendaal HJ. The Intricate Interactions between Maternal Smoking and Drinking During Pregnancy and Birthweight Z-Scores of Preterm Births. JOURNAL OF WOMEN'S HEALTH CARE AND MANAGEMENT 2021; 2:10.47275/2692-0948-121. [PMID: 34723283 PMCID: PMC8553154 DOI: 10.47275/2692-0948-121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The extent to which smoking and drinking in a local community is associated with nutrition and Z-scores of infants from spontaneous preterm deliveries, is uncertain. AIM To investigate associations of different levels of maternal smoking and drinking in spontaneous preterm birth with infant birthweight Z-scores. METHODS Information, including gestational age (determined by earliest ultrasound), maternal arm circumference (measured at enrolment), smoking-drinking data (obtained up to 4 occasions), birthweight data (obtained from medical records) and birthweight Z-scores (calculated from INTERGROWTH- 21st study), collected over a period of nine years was used to compare 407 spontaneous preterm births with 3 493 spontaneous term births Analyses of variance, correlations and multiple regression were performed in STATISTICA. RESULTS Women with spontaneous preterm birth, had significantly lower gravidity and smaller arm circumference when compared to women with spontaneous birth at term. Women with spontaneous preterm birth drank more and heavier during pregnancy, and more smoked. Gestational age at birth was significantly longer in heavy-smokers-heavy-drinkers compared to heavy-smokers-no-drinkers (7.1 days) and in no-smokers-heavy-drinkers when compared to no-smokers-no-drinkers (11.2 days). Birthweight was significantly lower in low-smokers-heavy-drinkers when compared to low-smokers-no-drinkers (240g) and in heavy-smokers-low-drinkers when compared to no-smokers-low-drinkers (273g). Birthweight Z-scores were significantly lower in low-smokers-heavy-drinkers when compared to low-smokers-low-drinkers and low-smokers-no-drinkers; and, also significantly lower in heavy-smokers-low-drinkers when compared to low-smokers-low-drinkers and no-smokers-low-drinkers. CONCLUSION Alcohol aggravates the detrimental effect of smoking on birthweight and birthweight Z-scores but seems to counteract the negative association of smoking with gestational age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy T Brink
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, South Africa
| | - Daan G Nel
- Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, Stellenbosch University, South Africa
| | - David R Hall
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, South Africa
| | - Hein J Odendaal
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, South Africa
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Levin MG, Klarin D, Assimes TL, Freiberg MS, Ingelsson E, Lynch J, Natarajan P, O’Donnell C, Rader DJ, Tsao PS, Chang KM, Voight BF, Damrauer SM. Genetics of Smoking and Risk of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Diseases: A Mendelian Randomization Study. JAMA Netw Open 2021; 4:e2034461. [PMID: 33464320 PMCID: PMC7816104 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.34461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Smoking is associated with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, but the relative contribution to each subtype (coronary artery disease [CAD], peripheral artery disease [PAD], and large-artery stroke) remains less well understood. OBJECTIVE To determine the association between genetic liability to smoking and risk of CAD, PAD, and large-artery stroke. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Mendelian randomization study using summary statistics from genome-wide associations of smoking (UK Biobank; up to 462 690 individuals), CAD (Coronary Artery Disease Genome Wide Replication and Meta-analysis plus the Coronary Artery Disease Genetics Consortium; up to 60 801 cases, 123 504 controls), PAD (VA Million Veteran Program; up to 24 009 cases, 150 983 controls), and large-artery stroke (MEGASTROKE; up to 4373 cases, 406 111 controls). This study was conducted using summary statistic data from large, previously described cohorts. Review of those publications does not reveal the total recruitment dates for those cohorts. Data analyses were conducted from August 2019 to June 2020. EXPOSURES Genetic liability to smoking (as proxied by genetic variants associated with lifetime smoking index). MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Risk (odds ratios [ORs]) of CAD, PAD, and large-artery stroke. RESULTS Genetic liability to smoking was associated with increased risk of PAD (OR, 2.13; 95% CI, 1.78-2.56; P = 3.6 × 10-16), CAD (OR, 1.48; 95% CI, 1.25-1.75; P = 4.4 × 10-6), and stroke (OR, 1.40; 95% CI, 1.02-1.92; P = .04). Genetic liability to smoking was associated with greater risk of PAD than risk of large-artery stroke (ratio of ORs, 1.52; 95% CI, 1.05-2.19; P = .02) or CAD (ratio of ORs, 1.44; 95% CI, 1.12-1.84; P = .004). The association between genetic liability to smoking and atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases remained independent from the effects of smoking on traditional cardiovascular risk factors. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In this mendelian randomization analysis of data from large studies of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases, genetic liability to smoking was a strong risk factor for CAD, PAD, and stroke, although the estimated association was strongest between smoking and PAD. The association between smoking and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease was independent of traditional cardiovascular risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael G. Levin
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia
- Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Derek Klarin
- Malcolm Randall VA Medical Center, Gainesville, Florida
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida, Gainesville
| | - Themistocles L. Assimes
- Palo Alto VA Healthcare System, Palo Alto, California
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Matthew S. Freiberg
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Centers, Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Erik Ingelsson
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California
- Stanford Diabetes Research Center, Stanford University, Stanford, California
- Now with GlaxoSmithKline, San Francisco, California
| | - Julie Lynch
- Edith Nourse VA Medical Center, Bedford, Massachusetts
- VA Informatics and Computing Infrastructure, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Pradeep Natarajan
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Daniel J. Rader
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia
| | - Philip S. Tsao
- Palo Alto VA Healthcare System, Palo Alto, California
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California
| | - Kyong-Mi Chang
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia
- Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Benjamin F. Voight
- Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia
| | - Scott M. Damrauer
- Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia
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Fedele D, De Francesco A, Riso S, Collo A. Obesity, malnutrition, and trace element deficiency in the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic: An overview. Nutrition 2021; 81:111016. [PMID: 33059127 PMCID: PMC7832575 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2020.111016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The world is currently facing the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic which places great pressure on health care systems and workers, often presents with severe clinical features, and sometimes requires admission into intensive care units. Derangements in nutritional status, both for obesity and malnutrition, are relevant for the clinical outcome in acute illness. Systemic inflammation, immune system impairment, sarcopenia, and preexisting associated conditions, such as respiratory, cardiovascular, and metabolic diseases related to obesity, could act as crucial factors linking nutritional status and the course and outcome of COVID-19. Nevertheless, vitamins and trace elements play an essential role in modulating immune response and inflammatory status. Overall, evaluation of the patient's nutritional status is not negligible for its implications on susceptibility, course, severity, and responsiveness to therapies, in order to perform a tailored nutritional intervention as an integral part of the treatment of patients with COVID-19. The aim of this study was to review the current data on the relevance of nutritional status, including trace elements and vitamin status, in influencing the course and outcome of the disease 3 mo after the World Health Organization's declaration of COVID-19 as a pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debora Fedele
- Dietetic and Clinical Nutrition Unit, San Giovanni Battista Hospital, Città della Salute e della Scienza, Turin, Italy.
| | - Antonella De Francesco
- Dietetic and Clinical Nutrition Unit, San Giovanni Battista Hospital, Città della Salute e della Scienza, Turin, Italy
| | - Sergio Riso
- Dietetic and Clinical Nutrition Unit, Maggiore della Carità Hospital, Novara, Italy
| | - Alessandro Collo
- Dietetic and Clinical Nutrition Unit, Maggiore della Carità Hospital, Novara, Italy
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Pelegrini A, Bim MA, Souza FUD, Kilim KSDS, Pinto ADA. Prevalence of overweight and obesity in Brazilian children and adolescents: a systematic review. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE CINEANTROPOMETRIA E DESEMPENHO HUMANO 2021. [DOI: 10.1590/1980-0037.2021v23e80352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
abstract It is important to know about overweight and obesity situation of Brazilian children and adolescents. The present study aims to update scientific production, through a systematic review, on the prevalence and factors associated with overweight and obesity in Brazilian children and adolescents. Nine databases were verified, and 1,316 references were examined from 2018 to 2019. The electronic search was conducted by three independent researchers. All review steps followed a strategy based on PRISMA. 40 studies were included in this systematic review. Most studies use the World Health Organization classification criteria. The prevalence of overweight in Brazilian children and adolescents varies from 8.8% to 22.2% (boys: 6.2% to 21%; girls: 6.9% to 27.6%). The prevalence of obesity varied from 3.8% to 24% (boys: 2.4% to 28.9%; girls: 1.6% to 19.4%). It was observed that the socioeconomic factors (sex, skin color, economic level, region, mother's educational level, living in a rented house and without access to the internet), hereditary/genetic (family history of dyslipidemia and overweight and rs9939609 genotype) and behavioral (physical activity, screen time, eating habits, perceived body weight, health vulnerability, presence of a result close to home, alcoholic beverages, cigarette consumption) were associated with the outcome. It is concluded that the prevalence of overweight and obesity among Brazilian children and adolescents are worrisome and most of the factors associated with the outcomes are subject to change from the adoption of a healthy lifestyle.
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Sapkota M, Timilsina A, Shakya M, Thapa TB, Shrestha S, Pokhrel S, Devkota N, Pardhe BD. Metabolic Syndrome and Diabetes Risk Among Young Adult Students in the Health Sciences from Kathmandu, Nepal. DRUG HEALTHCARE AND PATIENT SAFETY 2020; 12:125-133. [PMID: 32884358 PMCID: PMC7443009 DOI: 10.2147/dhps.s258331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background The widespread dissemination of unhealthy dietary habits, childhood-teenage obesity, and sedentary lifestyle in young adults has paved the way for public health burden metabolic syndrome and early onset of type 2 diabetes mellitus. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and risk factors for metabolic syndrome and diabetes among young adult students. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted among students of age group (18 to 25 years) studying at Manmohan Memorial Institute of Health Sciences and Central Institute of Science and Technology. The diabetes risk score of each individual was calculated by the Finnish Diabetes Risk Score (FINDRISC tool). Independent risk factors for diabetes and metabolic syndrome were measured by multivariable logistic regression analysis. The p-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant in this study. Results A total of 825 students were recruited and 739 (89.6%) students completed the study with all the fulfilled criteria. The metabolic syndrome (Harmonized Joint Scientific Statement (HJSS) criteria) was present in 7.1%, and the most prevalent defining component was low HDL-C (78%); 74.8% of students were under low risk, 22.18% were at slightly elevated risk, 2.02% were at moderate risk, and 1.01% were at high risk of diabetes. The cardiometabolic risk factors like BMI, TC, and LDL-C were higher at a significant level (p<0.001) with an increased diabetes risk score. Independent lifestyle risk factor for metabolic syndrome was current smoking (AOR, 4.49, 95% CI 1.38–14.62) whereas, an independent lifestyle risk factor for diabetes was low adherence to physical exercise (AOR, 4.81, 95% CI, 2.90–7.99). Conclusion Metabolic syndrome is present, although in low numbers in young adults putting them at risk to develop diabetes in the near future. Early assessment of metabolic syndrome and diabetes risk in young may provide insights for preventive and control plans for risk population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manisha Sapkota
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Manmohan Memorial Institute of Health Sciences, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Alaska Timilsina
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Manmohan Memorial Institute of Health Sciences, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Mudita Shakya
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Manmohan Memorial Institute of Health Sciences, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Tika Bahadur Thapa
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Manmohan Memorial Institute of Health Sciences, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Sneha Shrestha
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Manmohan Memorial Institute of Health Sciences, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Sushant Pokhrel
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Manmohan Memorial Institute of Health Sciences, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Nishchal Devkota
- Department of Public Health, Central Institute of Science and Technology, Baneshwor, Nepal
| | - Bashu Dev Pardhe
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Manmohan Memorial Institute of Health Sciences, Kathmandu, Nepal
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20
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Leisure-Time Physical Inactivity’s Association With Environmental, Demographic, and Lifestyle Factors in the United States. J Phys Act Health 2020; 17:412-422. [DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2018-0522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background: This study examined the effects of environmental, demographic, and lifestyle factors on leisure-time physical inactivity (LTPI). Methods: Analyses were based on county-level data in the contiguous United States. Statistical methods included simple regression, univariate, and multivariate 2-level organizational models (mixed models), and the intraclass correlation coefficient. Results: Higher average daily maximum air temperature was directly and indirectly (through smoking and obesity) positively associated with LTPI. Higher average fine particulate matter was positively associated with LTPI. Higher precipitation was negatively associated with LTPI. Altitude (≥1500 m) was associated with lower LTPI, directly because of better physical health at higher altitude and indirectly through temperature, fine particulate matter, precipitation, poverty, smoking, and obesity. Urban dwelling had direct and indirect (through poverty) negative associations with LTPI. Poverty had direct and indirect (through smoking and obesity) associations with LTPI. Smoking, poverty, and black race were each positively associated with LTPI. The association between black race and LTPI was explained by poverty. Modifying influences of gender, precipitation, and altitude were identified. Conclusions: The significant effects of temperature, fine particulate matter, precipitation, altitude, urban dwelling, poverty, smoking, and obesity on LTPI were both direct and indirect, and sex, precipitation, and altitude modified many of these associations.
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21
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Kawashima T, Ogata M, Fujita N, Takahashi R. Daisaikoto Prevents Post-dieting Weight Regain by Reversing Dysbiosis and Reducing Serum Corticosterone in Mice. Front Physiol 2020; 10:1483. [PMID: 31920693 PMCID: PMC6923278 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Weight loss is often temporary and is generally followed by recurrent weight gain and a relapse of metabolic complications, whose severity may be even greater upon recurrence. Preventing recurrent obesity, understanding the control of the energy balance subsequent to weight loss, and reversing the predisposition to obesity are critical factors that warrant an in-depth study. Several Kampo medicines, including daisaikoto, have traditionally been used to manage obesity, but their mechanisms of action are not well studied and their effects on weight regain are unknown. Here, we investigated the therapeutic potential and mechanism of action of daisaikoto in a mouse model of recurrent obesity. The mouse model was established by feeding mice a high-fat diet, followed by a normal chow, and a second course of the high-fat diet. Daisaikoto inhibited not only obesity and regaining of weight post-dieting, but also dysbiosis, thereby overcoming the predisposition to obesity. Furthermore, we found that recurrent obesity or long-term consumption of the high-fat diet elevated serum glucose, insulin, and corticosterone levels, and that daisaikoto lowered serum cholesterol and free fatty acid levels. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that this medication may inhibit lipid absorption by inhibiting pancreatic lipase. However, daisaikoto had no effect on the body weight of lean mice fed a normal chow, suggesting that although this medicine prevents lipid absorption, it does not cause excessive weight loss. In conclusion, our results elucidate the mechanisms underlying daisaikoto activity, and suggest that it may serve as a safe and effective anti-obesity drug.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Misaki Ogata
- Kampo Research Laboratories, Kracie Pharma, Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nina Fujita
- Kampo Research Laboratories, Kracie Pharma, Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryuji Takahashi
- Kampo Research Laboratories, Kracie Pharma, Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
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22
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Characteristics in Stages of Change and Decisional Balance among Smokers: The Burden of Obstructive Lung Diseases (BOLD)-Australia Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16183372. [PMID: 31547255 PMCID: PMC6765867 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16183372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Smoking cessation remains a health promotion target. Applying the Transtheoretical Model to Australian Burden of Obstructive Lung Diseases (BOLD) data, we examined differences in stages of change (SoC) and readiness to quit decisional behaviours. Factors were identified likely to influence readiness of smokers, ≥40 years old, to quit. Analysis was restricted to current smokers classified to one of three stages: pre-contemplation (PC), contemplation (C) or preparation (P) to quit. Their ability to balance positive and negative consequences was measured using decisional balance. Among 314 smokers, 43.0% females and 60.8% overweight/obese, the distribution of SoC was: 38.1% PC, 38.3% C and 23.5% P. Overweight/obesity was associated with readiness to quit in stages C and P and there were more negative than positive attitudes towards smoking in those stages. Males were significantly heavier smokers in PC and C stages. Females used smoking cessation medication more frequently in PC stage, were more embarrassed about smoking and had greater negative reinforcements from smoking. Age started smoking and factors related to smoking history were associated with readiness to quit and increased the odds of being in stage C or P. An overweight/obese smoker was likely to be contemplating or preparing to quit. In these stages, smokers have more negative attitudes toward smoking. Starting smoking later, taking advice on cessation from health providers and using quit medications indicate increased readiness to quit. Evaluating these factors in smokers and developing cessation gain-framed messages may prove useful to healthcare providers.
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23
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Clustering of sociodemographic and lifestyle factors among adults with excess weight in a multilingual country. Nutrition 2019; 62:177-185. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2019.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Jones J, Kauffman B, Rosenfield D, Smits JAJ, Zvolensky MJ. Emotion dysregulation and body mass index: The explanatory role of emotional eating among adult smokers. Eat Behav 2019; 33:97-101. [PMID: 31078948 PMCID: PMC6535346 DOI: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2019.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
There is limited understanding of the relationship between emotion dysregulation and weight gain among smokers, although available data suggest there are potential relationships that may be of clinical importance. The present study explored a potential mechanism in the relationship between emotion dysregulation and body mass index (BMI). Specifically, the current study examined the indirect effects of emotional eating on the association between emotion dysregulation and BMI among smokers. Participants included 136 (52.2% female; Mage = 42.25, SD = 11.24) adults who were treatment-seeking smokers. Primary analysis included one regression-based model, wherein emotion dysregulation served as the predictor, emotional eating as the intermediary variable, and BMI as the criterion variable. Covariates were age and gender. Results indicated that emotional dysregulation was significantly associated with BMI through emotional eating (a*b = 0.02, SE = 0.01, CI95% = 0.002, 0.042). The current findings provide initial empirical evidence that greater reported levels of emotion dysregulation may be associated with greater reported levels of emotional eating, which in turn, may be related to higher BMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna Jones
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston
| | | | | | - Jasper A. J. Smits
- Department of Psychology and Institute of Mental Health Research, The University of Texas at Austin
| | - Michael J. Zvolensky
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston,Department of Behavioral Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA,HEALTH Institute, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
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Lin TY, Liao PJ, Ting MK, Hsu KH. Lifestyle characteristics as moderators of the effectiveness of weight control interventions among semiconductor workers. Biomed J 2019; 41:376-384. [PMID: 30709580 PMCID: PMC6361846 DOI: 10.1016/j.bj.2018.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Revised: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Workers in high technology industry are experiencing stressful environment and have been ranked as a high risk group for adverse health effects. The effectiveness of worksite health promotion is important for occupational health. This study is to investigate the effect of health interventions on body measurement changes while examining the role of their lifestyle factors. METHODS A total of 904 participants aged over 30 years were recruited from 14 semiconductor worksites in Taiwan from 2011 to 2015. A multi-settings, quasi-experimental study was conducted that assigned participants into two intervention programs, including exercise program and diet-plus-exercise program. The outcomes include the changes of body weight, waist circumference, body mass index (BMI), and biophysiological indicators. Lifestyle variables include alcohol consumption, cigarette smoking, and regular exercise. Multiple linear regression analyses were performed to test the association. RESULTS The findings have demonstrated that one kilogram body weight reduction is associated with a decrease of 0.58 mmHg SBP (p < 0.001), 0.29 mmHg DBP (p < 0.001), 3.33 mg/dL triglyceride (p < 0.001), 0.96 mg/dL total cholesterol (p < 0.001), and 0.68 mg/dL LDL (p < 0.001). The diet-plus-exercise group had more significant effect on both weight changes and biophysiological changes than exercise-only group (p < 0.001). Lifestyle factors, including cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, and regular exercise, were significant moderators of the effectiveness of health interventions. CONCLUSIONS Both exercise and diet interventions are important to the effectiveness of health promotion in occupational sectors. Lifestyle modifications are vital for weight control programs in improving body shape changes and biophysiological indicators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Yu Lin
- Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Laboratory for Epidemiology, Department of Health Care Management, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Ju Liao
- Department of Health Care Administration, Oriental Institute of Technology, New Taipei City, Taiwan; Laboratory for Epidemiology, Department of Health Care Management, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Kuo Ting
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Keelung, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Kuang-Hung Hsu
- Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Laboratory for Epidemiology, Department of Health Care Management, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Emergency Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Urology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Safety, Health and Environmental Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City, Taiwan.
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26
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Wills AG, Hopfer C. Phenotypic and genetic relationship between BMI and cigarette smoking in a sample of UK adults. Addict Behav 2019; 89:98-103. [PMID: 30286397 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2018.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
In addition to the health hazards posed individually by cigarette smoking and obesity, the combination of these conditions poses a particular impairment to health. Genetic factors have been shown to influence both traits and, to understand the connection between these conditions, we examined both the observed and genetic relationship between adiposity (an electrical impedance measure of body mass index (BMI)) and cigarettes smoked per day (CPD) in a large sample of current, former, and never smokers in the United Kingdom. In former smokers, BMI was positively associated with cigarettes formerly smoked; further, the genetic factors related to a greater number of cigarettes smoked were also responsible for a higher BMI. In current smokers, there was a positive association between BMI and number of cigarettes smoked, though this relationship did not appear to be influenced by similar genetic factors. We found a positive genetic relationship between smoking in current/former smokers and BMI in never smokers (who would be unmarred by the effects of nicotine). In addition to CPD, in current smokers, we looked at two variables, time from waking to first cigarette and difficulty not smoking for a day, that may align better with cigarette and food 'craving.' However, these smoking measures provided mixed findings with respect to their relationship with BMI. Overall, the positive relationships between the genetic factors that influence CPD in smokers and the genetic factors that influence BMI in former and never smokers point to common biological influences behind smoking and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda G Wills
- Division of Substance Dependence, Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Mail Stop F570, Building 500, 13001 East 17th Place, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado Boulder, 1480 30th Street, Boulder, CO 80301, USA.
| | - Christian Hopfer
- Division of Substance Dependence, Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Mail Stop F570, Building 500, 13001 East 17th Place, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado Boulder, 1480 30th Street, Boulder, CO 80301, USA
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AL-QAWASMEH RAWANH, TAYYEM REEMAF. Dietary and Lifestyle Risk Factors and Metabolic Syndrome: Literature Review. CURRENT RESEARCH IN NUTRITION AND FOOD SCIENCE JOURNAL 2018. [DOI: 10.12944/crnfsj.6.3.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is considered a threat to public health due to its rapid growing prevalence worldwide. MetS can result from interrelated metabolic abnormalities including insulin resistance (IR), hypertension, dyslipidemia, and abdominal adiposity. Although the pathogenesis of this syndrome is not distinctly understood, it is strongly influenced by multiple genetic variations that interact with many environmental factors such as positive family history of MetS, adherence to unhealthy dietary patterns, low physical activity and smoking and that explain the variations in the prevalence of the MetS within and across populations. All of these factors were found to be associated with IR, obesity, and triglycerides elevation which therefore increase the risk of the MetS Several studies highlighted the effective preventive approach includes lifestyle changes, primarily losing weight, adopting healthy diet, and practicing exercise. All of the mentioned factors can reduce the risk of MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- RAWAN H. AL-QAWASMEH
- Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, the University of Jordan
| | - REEMA F. TAYYEM
- Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, the University of Jordan
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28
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Jacobs M. Adolescent smoking: The relationship between cigarette consumption and BMI. Addict Behav Rep 2018; 9:100153. [PMID: 31193813 PMCID: PMC6542372 DOI: 10.1016/j.abrep.2018.100153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 11/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Studies relating cigarette smoking and body weight yield conflicting results. Weight-lowering effects in women and men have been associated with smoking, however, no effects on weight have been proven. This study examined the association between cigarette smoking and relative weight in adolescent males and females as they age into young adults. Methods Data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth—a nationally representative survey conducted annually—was used for this analysis. The sample consists of 4225 males and females observed annually from 1997 at age 12 to 17 through 2011 at age 27 to 31. Hierarchical generalized models (HGM) assess the impact of smoking on the likelihood of having higher BMI controlling for demographic, household and environmental impacts. The second estimation considers the possibility that smoking is endogenous and utilizes a multinomial instrument (IV) for smoking level. Results HGM models reveal a negative association between cigarette smoking and BMI for both males and females. Individuals who smoke more have lower BMI compared to infrequent or non-smokers. General health rating, region of residence and income were used instrument for smoking in a linear two-stage IV specification. The instrument is highly correlated with BMI and results mirror the HGM. Finally, models run on early, middle and advanced adolescents show that the relationship diminishes over time. The relationship between BMI and smoking decreases as females age but increases for males. Conclusions Empirical models confirm an association cigarette consumption and BMI in both males and females. This negative relationship varies with age. It is important to identify health risks—obesity—and modifiable risk factors—smoking—that contribute to health disparities among adolescents. However, the increase in one risky behavior leading to the decrease in the prevalence of the other, complicates the issue. The higher prevalence of frequent cigarette uses among both adolescents and young adults of lower BMI suggest that smoking could be used curb or suppress appetite. The weight impact of tobacco use by adolescents, unlike adults, has not been conclusively determined. This study examines the relationship between cigarette use and the body weight (BMI) of high school aged youth. Since smoking can be considered endogeneous in weight studies, smoking is instrumented in a two-stage process. Cigarette use is associated with higher BMI, but magnitudes vary by age. Models run on early, middle and older adolescents show that the relationship diminishes over time. The relationship between BMI and smoking decreases as females age but increases for males. Overweight and obese adolescents were more frequent tobacco users. Results suggest that electronic and conventional tobacco has similar BMI associations when used independently.
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Sex-Specific Link Between Emotional Vulnerability and Poor Weight Control in Cigarette Smokers. Int J Behav Med 2018; 26:69-75. [PMID: 30382509 DOI: 10.1007/s12529-018-9755-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cigarette smoking and poor weight control independently and synergistically increase risk for morbidity and mortality. However, few studies have examined the etiological role of emotion-regulatory dysfunction in the link between smoking and poor weight control, as well as the possible moderating role of sex. METHOD Participants (n = 577; Mage = 44.42; SD = 13.80; 52.7% female) were daily smokers who completed a single survey online through Qualtrics. Emotional vulnerability was indexed by a latent construct comprised of the subscales from the Distress Tolerance Scale (DTS) and the Anxiety Sensitivity Index-3 (ASI-3). A regression model was constructed to examine the relation between emotional vulnerability and poor weight control, measured via body mass index (BMI). RESULTS Emotional vulnerability was significantly and positively associated with BMI (b = .08, p = .020). The effect was moderated by sex, such that emotional vulnerability was significantly related to BMI in female smokers (b = .15, p = .002), but not in male smokers (b = .01, p = .806). CONCLUSIONS Emotional vulnerability appears to be a novel female-specific psychological mechanism related to poor weight control in smokers. Possible limitations are discussed.
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Zhang H, Mo X, Zhou Z, Zhu Z, HuangFu X, Xu T, Wang A, Guo Z, Zhang Y. Smoking modifies the effect of two independent SNPs rs5063 and rs198358 of NPPA on central obesity in the Chinese Han population. J Genet 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s12041-018-0992-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Smith TT, Rupprecht LE, Denlinger-Apte RL, Weeks JJ, Panas RS, Donny EC, Sved AF. Animal Research on Nicotine Reduction: Current Evidence and Research Gaps. Nicotine Tob Res 2018; 19:1005-1015. [PMID: 28379511 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntx077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
A mandated reduction in the nicotine content of cigarettes may improve public health by reducing the prevalence of smoking. Animal self-administration research is an important complement to clinical research on nicotine reduction. It can fill research gaps that may be difficult to address with clinical research, guide clinical researchers about variables that are likely to be important in their own research, and provide policy makers with converging evidence between clinical and preclinical studies about the potential impact of a nicotine reduction policy. Convergence between clinical and preclinical research is important, given the ease with which clinical trial participants can access nonstudy tobacco products in the current marketplace. Herein, we review contributions of preclinical animal research, with a focus on rodent self-administration, to the science of nicotine reduction. Throughout this review, we highlight areas where clinical and preclinical research converge and areas where the two differ. Preclinical research has provided data on many important topics such as the threshold for nicotine reinforcement, the likelihood of compensation, moderators of the impact of nicotine reduction, the impact of environmental stimuli on nicotine reduction, the impact of nonnicotine cigarette smoke constituents on nicotine reduction, and the impact of nicotine reduction on vulnerable populations. Special attention is paid to current research gaps including the dramatic rise in alternative tobacco products, including electronic nicotine delivery systems (ie, e-cigarettes). The evidence reviewed here will be critical for policy makers as well as clinical researchers interested in nicotine reduction. IMPLICATIONS This review will provide policy makers and clinical researchers interested in nicotine reduction with an overview of the preclinical animal research conducted on nicotine reduction and the regulatory implications of that research. The review also highlights the utility of preclinical research for research questions related to nicotine reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracy T Smith
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA.,Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Laura E Rupprecht
- Center for Neuroscience at the University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Rachel L Denlinger-Apte
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, RI
| | - Jillian J Weeks
- Center for Neuroscience at the University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Rachel S Panas
- Center for Neuroscience at the University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Eric C Donny
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Alan F Sved
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA.,Department of Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
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Yannakoulia M, Anastasiou C, Zachari K, Sidiropoulou M, Katsaounou P, Tenta R. Acute effect of smoking and smoking abstinence on energy intake and appetite-related hormones blood concentrations. Physiol Behav 2018; 184:78-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2017.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Revised: 10/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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da Silva M, Weiderpass E, Licaj I, Rylander C. Factors Associated with High Weight Gain and Obesity Duration: The Norwegian Women and Cancer (NOWAC) Study. Obes Facts 2018; 11:381-392. [PMID: 30308488 PMCID: PMC6257091 DOI: 10.1159/000492002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To identify factors associated with high weight gain and obesity duration in a representative sample of Norwegian women. METHODS 66,618 Norwegian women aged 34-70 years at baseline were included in the analysis. Baseline and follow-up questionnaires completed in 1991-2011 provided information on height, weight as well as sociodemographic, lifestyle and reproductive factors. We assessed the association with multivariable logistic regression. RESULTS Women gained on average 0.5 kg/year (95% CI 0.5-0.5 kg/year) during 6 years of follow-up, and 3.5% maintained in obesity during 13 years of follow-up. The factors with strongest association with high weight gain (≥10 kg) were smoking cessation (cessation vs. no change, OR = 4.39, 95% CI 3.91-4.94) and decreased physical activity level (decrease vs. no change, OR = 2.40, 95% CI 2.21-2.61). Low physical activity level (high vs. low, OR = 0.17, 95% CI 0.14-0.20), higher than median age at menarche (over median vs. median or under median, OR = 0.36, 95% CI 0.31-0.41), and less than 10 years of education (>12 years vs. <10 years, OR = 0.44, 95% CI 0.37-0.51) were strongly associated with obesity duration. CONCLUSION The modifiable factor with the strongest association with adverse weight development and potential for prevention was low or decreased physical activity level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa da Silva
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- *Marisa da Silva, Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, P.O. Box 6050 Langnes, 9037 Tromsø, Norway,
| | - Elisabete Weiderpass
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Institute of Population-Based Cancer Research, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Genetic Epidemiology Group, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Idlir Licaj
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Clinical Research Department, Centre François Baclesse, Caen, France
| | - Charlotta Rylander
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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Lohse T, Rohrmann S, Faeh D, Hothorn T. Continuous outcome logistic regression for analyzing body mass index distributions. F1000Res 2017; 6:1933. [PMID: 29259768 PMCID: PMC5721934 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.12934.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Body mass indices (BMIs) are applied to monitor weight status and associated health risks in populations. Binary or multinomial logistic regression models are commonly applied in this context, but are only applicable to BMI values categorized within a small set of defined ad hoc BMI categories. This approach precludes comparisons with studies and models based on different categories. In addition, ad hoc categorization of BMI values prevents the estimation and analysis of the underlying continuous BMI distribution and leads to information loss. As an alternative to multinomial regression following ad hoc categorization, we propose a continuous outcome logistic regression model for the estimation of a continuous BMI distribution. Parameters of interest, such as odds ratios for specific categories, can be extracted from this model post hoc in a general way. A continuous BMI logistic regression that describes BMI distributions avoids the necessity of ad hoc and post hoc category choice and simplifies between-study comparisons and pooling of studies for joint analyses. The method was evaluated empirically using data from the Swiss Health Survey.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Lohse
- Institut für Epidemiologie, Biostatistik und Prävention, Universität Zürich, Zürich, 8001, Switzerland
| | - Sabine Rohrmann
- Institut für Epidemiologie, Biostatistik und Prävention, Universität Zürich, Zürich, 8001, Switzerland
| | - David Faeh
- Institut für Epidemiologie, Biostatistik und Prävention, Universität Zürich, Zürich, 8001, Switzerland
| | - Torsten Hothorn
- Institut für Epidemiologie, Biostatistik und Prävention, Universität Zürich, Zürich, 8001, Switzerland
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Metabolic syndrome and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD): The interplay among smoking, insulin resistance and vitamin D. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0186708. [PMID: 29065130 PMCID: PMC5655494 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0186708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background A close relationship between Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) has been described, but the exact nature of this link remains unclear. Current epidemiological data refer exclusively to the MetS prevalence among patients with COPD and data about the prevalence of COPD in MetS patients are still unavailable. Aim of the study To analyse and compare risk factors, clinical and metabolic characteristics, as well as the main respiratory function parameters, among patients affected by MetS, COPD or both diseases. Patients We recruited 59 outpatients with MetS and 76 outpatients with COPD. After medical history collection, physical examination, blood sampling for routine analysis, spirometric evaluation, they were subdivided into MetS (n = 46), MetS+COPD (n = 60), COPD (n = 29). Results A MetS diagnosis was assigned to 62% of COPD patients recruited in the COPD Outpatients Clinic of the Pneumology Department, while the COPD prevalence in MetS patients enrolled in the Internal Medicine Metabolic Disorders Outpatients Clinic was 22%. More than 60% of subjects enrolled in each Department were unaware that they suffered from an additional disease. MetS+COPD patients exhibited significantly higher C-peptide levels. We also found a positive relation between C-peptide and pack-years in all subjects and a negative correlation between C-peptide and vitamin D only in current smokers. Finally, a negative association emerged between smoking and vitamin D. Conclusions We have estimated, for the first time, the COPD prevalence in MetS and suggest a potential role of smoking in inducing insulin resistance. Moreover, a direct effect of smoking on vitamin D levels is proposed as a novel mechanism, which may account for both insulin resistance and COPD development.
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Wang T, Moon JY, Wu Y, Amos CI, Hung RJ, Tardon A, Andrew A, Chen C, Christiani DC, Albanes D, van der Heijden EHFM, Duell E, Rennert G, Goodman G, Liu G, Mckay JD, Yuan JM, Field JK, Manjer J, Grankvist K, Kiemeney LA, Marchand LL, Teare MD, Schabath MB, Johansson M, Aldrich MC, Davies M, Johansson M, Tsao MS, Caporaso N, Lazarus P, Lam S, Bojesen SE, Arnold S, Wu X, Zong X, Hong YC, Ho GYF. Pleiotropy of genetic variants on obesity and smoking phenotypes: Results from the Oncoarray Project of The International Lung Cancer Consortium. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0185660. [PMID: 28957450 PMCID: PMC5619832 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0185660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and cigarette smoking are correlated through complex relationships. Common genetic causes may contribute to these correlations. In this study, we selected 241 loci potentially associated with body mass index (BMI) based on the Genetic Investigation of ANthropometric Traits (GIANT) consortium data and calculated a BMI genetic risk score (BMI-GRS) for 17,037 individuals of European descent from the Oncoarray Project of the International Lung Cancer Consortium (ILCCO). Smokers had a significantly higher BMI-GRS than never-smokers (p = 0.016 and 0.010 before and after adjustment for BMI, respectively). The BMI-GRS was also positively correlated with pack-years of smoking (p<0.001) in smokers. Based on causal network inference analyses, seven and five of 241 SNPs were classified to pleiotropic models for BMI/smoking status and BMI/pack-years, respectively. Among them, three and four SNPs associated with smoking status and pack-years (p<0.05), respectively, were followed up in the ever-smoking data of the Tobacco, Alcohol and Genetics (TAG) consortium. Among these seven candidate SNPs, one SNP (rs11030104, BDNF) achieved statistical significance after Bonferroni correction for multiple testing, and three suggestive SNPs (rs13021737, TMEM18; rs11583200, ELAVL4; and rs6990042, SGCZ) achieved a nominal statistical significance. Our results suggest that there is a common genetic component between BMI and smoking, and pleiotropy analysis can be useful to identify novel genetic loci of complex phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wang
- Department of Epidemiology & Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Jee-Young Moon
- Department of Epidemiology & Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Yiqun Wu
- Department of Epidemiology & Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of public health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Christopher I. Amos
- Community and Family Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States of America
| | - Rayjean J. Hung
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System; Division of Epidemiology, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Angeline Andrew
- Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States of America
| | - Chu Chen
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - David C. Christiani
- Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | | | | | - Eric Duell
- Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Gary Goodman
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Geoffrey Liu
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System; Division of Epidemiology, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - James D. Mckay
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France
| | - Jian-Min Yuan
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - John K. Field
- Roy Castle Lung Cancer Research Programme, Department of Molecular & Clinical Cancer Medicine, The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Jonas Manjer
- Department of surgery, Unit for breast surgery, Lund University, Malmö, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Kjell Grankvist
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | | | - Loic Le Marchand
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawai'I, United States of America
| | - M. Dawn Teare
- University Of Sheffield, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew B. Schabath
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
| | | | - Melinda C. Aldrich
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Michael Davies
- Roy Castle Lung Cancer Research Programme, Department of Molecular & Clinical Cancer Medicine, The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Mikael Johansson
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | | | - Neil Caporaso
- National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, United States of America
| | - Philip Lazarus
- Washington State University College of Pharmacy, Washington, United States of America
| | - Stephen Lam
- British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Stig E. Bojesen
- Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Susanne Arnold
- Markey Cancer Center, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Xifeng Wu
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Texas, Houston, United States of America
| | - Xuchen Zong
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System; Division of Epidemiology, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yun-Chul Hong
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Gloria Y. F. Ho
- Merinoff Center for Patient-Oriented Research, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, New York, United States of America
- Epidemiology and Research, Northwell Health, New York, United States of America
- Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine, New York, United States of America
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Štefan L, Čule M, Milinović I, Juranko D, Sporiš G. The Relationship between Lifestyle Factors and Body Compositionin Young Adults. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2017; 14:ijerph14080893. [PMID: 28786940 PMCID: PMC5580597 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14080893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Revised: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Background: Little is known of how lifestyle factors might influence on body composition parameters in young adults from Croatia. The main purpose of the present study was to investigate the relationship between the lifestyle factors and body composition in young adults. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, participants were 271 university students (59.0% of women). Body composition was measured by using bioelectric impendance analysis (BIA). Blood pressure and heart rate were measured according to standardized protocol and Mediterranean diet adherence (MD), physical activity (PA) and psychological distress (PD) were assessed with validated questionnaires. Results: Self-rated health (SRH) and PA were inversely associated with weight, body-mass index (BMI), fat-mass percentage and blood pressure in men and with weight, BMI, fat-mass percentage and heart rate in women. Higher levels of SRH and PA were positively associated with fat-free mass percentage in both men and women. Smoking was positively associatedwith BMI and fat-mass percentage in women and with heart rate in men. Alcohol consumption was positively associated with weight and BMI in women and fat-mass percentage and heart rate in men, yet inversely associated with fat-free mass percentage only in men. PD was positively associated with weight and blood pressure in men and with BMI, fat-mass percentage and blood pressure in women. Conclusions: Our study shows that higher levels of SRH, MD and PA are related with healthy body composition parameters in young adults. Special interventions and policies that enhance PA and MD and decrease substance use and misuse (SUM) and PD should be implemented within the university school systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lovro Štefan
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Zagreb, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Marko Čule
- Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Zagreb, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Ivan Milinović
- Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Zagreb, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Dora Juranko
- Boutique Fitnes Studio "Vježbaonica", Center for Recreationand Fitness, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Goran Sporiš
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Zagreb, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia.
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Kocak N, Acikel C, Gulsun M, Istanbulluoglu H, Ozdemir B, Aydemir E, Gocgeldi E. Evaluation of peer effects on eating behaviors: a cluster analysis approach. PSYCHIAT CLIN PSYCH 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/24750573.2017.1326739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Cengizhan Acikel
- Department of Biostatistics, Gulhane Military Medical Academy, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Murat Gulsun
- Department of Psychiatry, Gulhane Military Medical Academy, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Barbaros Ozdemir
- Department of Psychiatry, Gulhane Military Medical Academy, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Emre Aydemir
- Department of Psychiatry, Gulhane Military Medical Academy, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ercan Gocgeldi
- Department of Public Health, Gulhane Military Medical Academy, Ankara, Turkey
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Kauffman BY, Garey L, Jardin C, Otto MW, Raines AM, Schmidt NB, Zvolensky MJ. Body Mass Index and functional impairment: the explanatory role of anxiety sensitivity among treatment-seeking smokers. PSYCHOL HEALTH MED 2017. [PMID: 28651434 DOI: 10.1080/13548506.2017.1344357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Obesity and smoking are highly prevalent public health concerns in the United States. Data indicate that elevated Body Mass Index (BMI) is related to functional impairment. However, there is limited understanding of mechanisms that may explain their comorbidity among smokers. The current study sought to test whether anxiety sensitivity explained the relation between BMI and functional impairment among 420 (46.9% females; Mage = 38 years, SD = 13.42) treatment-seeking, adult smokers. Results indicated that BMI yielded a significant indirect effect through anxiety sensitivity for functional impairment, b = 0.01, SE = .01, 95% CI = [.002, .021]. These findings remained significant after controlling for participant sex, negative affectivity, tobacco dependence, psychopathology, and medical conditions (i.e. hypertension, heart problems, respiratory disease, asthma). Such data provide novel empirical evidence that, among smokers, BMI may be a risk factor for functional impairment indirectly through anxiety sensitivity. Overall, such findings could potentially inform the development of personalized interventions among this particularly vulnerable segment of the smoking population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brooke Y Kauffman
- a Department of Psychology , University of Houston , Houston , TX , USA
| | - Lorra Garey
- a Department of Psychology , University of Houston , Houston , TX , USA
| | - Charles Jardin
- a Department of Psychology , University of Houston , Houston , TX , USA
| | - Michael W Otto
- b Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences , Boston University , Boston , MA , USA
| | - Amanda M Raines
- c Department of Psychology , Florida State University , Tallahassee , FL , USA
| | - Norman B Schmidt
- c Department of Psychology , Florida State University , Tallahassee , FL , USA
| | - Michael J Zvolensky
- a Department of Psychology , University of Houston , Houston , TX , USA.,d Department of Behavioral Sciences , University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston , Texas , USA
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Otang-Mbeng W, Otunola GA, Afolayan AJ. Lifestyle factors and co-morbidities associated with obesity and overweight in Nkonkobe Municipality of the Eastern Cape, South Africa. JOURNAL OF HEALTH, POPULATION, AND NUTRITION 2017; 36:22. [PMID: 28545529 PMCID: PMC5445301 DOI: 10.1186/s41043-017-0098-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is a global epidemic that affects 500 million people worldwide and is predicted to increase to one billion people by 2030. The prevalence of obesity is increasing across populations in South Africa. However, questions still remain surrounding the predisposing factors and obesity-related health problems especially in the rural areas. This study evaluated several lifestyle factors such as dietary habits, physical activity, smoking, alcohol intake, co-morbidities and their association with the prevalence of obesity and overweight in Nkonkobe Municipality of the Eastern Cape. METHODS A cross-sectional, population-based survey was conducted among 118 residents in four rural/sub-urban townships of the study area. Measurements including weight, height, body mass index (BMI), physical activity and dietary habits were determined using a validated questionnaire. RESULTS The overall prevalence of obesity and overweight was 38 and 19%, respectively. The highest prevalence of obesity (70%) was observed among those who do not undertake any physical activity. Close to half (48.48%) of the respondents who eat fast foods always were obese, and 30.30% were overweight; when combined, the prevalence for obesity is 78.78%. A negative association with obesity was observed among regular smokers (26.92%) and consumers of alcohol (4.00%). Arthritis, hypertension and tuberculosis were co-morbidities significantly (P < 0.05) associated with obesity in the study area. CONCLUSIONS The findings of this study reveal that lack of physical activity, overindulgence on fast and fried foods, low fruit and vegetable consumption as well as arthritis, hypertension and tuberculosis were significant risk factors of obesity in Nkonkobe Municipality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilfred Otang-Mbeng
- Medicinal Plants and Economic Development (MPED) Research Centre, Botany Department, University of Fort Hare (Alice Campus), Alice, 5700 South Africa
| | - Gloria Aderonke Otunola
- Medicinal Plants and Economic Development (MPED) Research Centre, Botany Department, University of Fort Hare (Alice Campus), Alice, 5700 South Africa
| | - Anthony Jide Afolayan
- Medicinal Plants and Economic Development (MPED) Research Centre, Botany Department, University of Fort Hare (Alice Campus), Alice, 5700 South Africa
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Justice AE, Winkler TW, Feitosa MF, Graff M, Fisher VA, Young K, Barata L, Deng X, Czajkowski J, Hadley D, Ngwa JS, Ahluwalia TS, Chu AY, Heard-Costa NL, Lim E, Perez J, Eicher JD, Kutalik Z, Xue L, Mahajan A, Renström F, Wu J, Qi Q, Ahmad S, Alfred T, Amin N, Bielak LF, Bonnefond A, Bragg J, Cadby G, Chittani M, Coggeshall S, Corre T, Direk N, Eriksson J, Fischer K, Gorski M, Neergaard Harder M, Horikoshi M, Huang T, Huffman JE, Jackson AU, Justesen JM, Kanoni S, Kinnunen L, Kleber ME, Komulainen P, Kumari M, Lim U, Luan J, Lyytikäinen LP, Mangino M, Manichaikul A, Marten J, Middelberg RPS, Müller-Nurasyid M, Navarro P, Pérusse L, Pervjakova N, Sarti C, Smith AV, Smith JA, Stančáková A, Strawbridge RJ, Stringham HM, Sung YJ, Tanaka T, Teumer A, Trompet S, van der Laan SW, van der Most PJ, Van Vliet-Ostaptchouk JV, Vedantam SL, Verweij N, Vink JM, Vitart V, Wu Y, Yengo L, Zhang W, Hua Zhao J, Zimmermann ME, Zubair N, Abecasis GR, Adair LS, Afaq S, Afzal U, Bakker SJL, Bartz TM, Beilby J, Bergman RN, Bergmann S, Biffar R, Blangero J, Boerwinkle E, Bonnycastle LL, Bottinger E, Braga D, Buckley BM, Buyske S, Campbell H, Chambers JC, Collins FS, Curran JE, de Borst GJ, de Craen AJM, de Geus EJC, Dedoussis G, Delgado GE, den Ruijter HM, Eiriksdottir G, Eriksson AL, Esko T, Faul JD, Ford I, Forrester T, Gertow K, Gigante B, Glorioso N, Gong J, Grallert H, Grammer TB, Grarup N, Haitjema S, Hallmans G, Hamsten A, Hansen T, Harris TB, Hartman CA, Hassinen M, Hastie ND, Heath AC, Hernandez D, Hindorff L, Hocking LJ, Hollensted M, Holmen OL, Homuth G, Jan Hottenga J, Huang J, Hung J, Hutri-Kähönen N, Ingelsson E, James AL, Jansson JO, Jarvelin MR, Jhun MA, Jørgensen ME, Juonala M, Kähönen M, Karlsson M, Koistinen HA, Kolcic I, Kolovou G, Kooperberg C, Krämer BK, Kuusisto J, Kvaløy K, Lakka TA, Langenberg C, Launer LJ, Leander K, Lee NR, Lind L, Lindgren CM, Linneberg A, Lobbens S, Loh M, Lorentzon M, Luben R, Lubke G, Ludolph-Donislawski A, Lupoli S, Madden PAF, Männikkö R, Marques-Vidal P, Martin NG, McKenzie CA, McKnight B, Mellström D, Menni C, Montgomery GW, Musk AW(B, Narisu N, Nauck M, Nolte IM, Oldehinkel AJ, Olden M, Ong KK, Padmanabhan S, Peyser PA, Pisinger C, Porteous DJ, Raitakari OT, Rankinen T, Rao DC, Rasmussen-Torvik LJ, Rawal R, Rice T, Ridker PM, Rose LM, Bien SA, Rudan I, Sanna S, Sarzynski MA, Sattar N, Savonen K, Schlessinger D, Scholtens S, Schurmann C, Scott RA, Sennblad B, Siemelink MA, Silbernagel G, Slagboom PE, Snieder H, Staessen JA, Stott DJ, Swertz MA, Swift AJ, Taylor KD, Tayo BO, Thorand B, Thuillier D, Tuomilehto J, Uitterlinden AG, Vandenput L, Vohl MC, Völzke H, Vonk JM, Waeber G, Waldenberger M, Westendorp RGJ, Wild S, Willemsen G, Wolffenbuttel BHR, Wong A, Wright AF, Zhao W, Zillikens MC, Baldassarre D, Balkau B, Bandinelli S, Böger CA, Boomsma DI, Bouchard C, Bruinenberg M, Chasman DI, Chen YD, Chines PS, Cooper RS, Cucca F, Cusi D, Faire UD, Ferrucci L, Franks PW, Froguel P, Gordon-Larsen P, Grabe HJ, Gudnason V, Haiman CA, Hayward C, Hveem K, Johnson AD, Wouter Jukema J, Kardia SLR, Kivimaki M, Kooner JS, Kuh D, Laakso M, Lehtimäki T, Marchand LL, März W, McCarthy MI, Metspalu A, Morris AP, Ohlsson C, Palmer LJ, Pasterkamp G, Pedersen O, Peters A, Peters U, Polasek O, Psaty BM, Qi L, Rauramaa R, Smith BH, Sørensen TIA, Strauch K, Tiemeier H, Tremoli E, van der Harst P, Vestergaard H, Vollenweider P, Wareham NJ, Weir DR, Whitfield JB, Wilson JF, Tyrrell J, Frayling TM, Barroso I, Boehnke M, Deloukas P, Fox CS, Hirschhorn JN, Hunter DJ, Spector TD, Strachan DP, van Duijn CM, Heid IM, Mohlke KL, Marchini J, Loos RJF, Kilpeläinen TO, Liu CT, Borecki IB, North KE, Cupples LA. Genome-wide meta-analysis of 241,258 adults accounting for smoking behaviour identifies novel loci for obesity traits. Nat Commun 2017; 8:14977. [PMID: 28443625 PMCID: PMC5414044 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms14977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Few genome-wide association studies (GWAS) account for environmental exposures, like smoking, potentially impacting the overall trait variance when investigating the genetic contribution to obesity-related traits. Here, we use GWAS data from 51,080 current smokers and 190,178 nonsmokers (87% European descent) to identify loci influencing BMI and central adiposity, measured as waist circumference and waist-to-hip ratio both adjusted for BMI. We identify 23 novel genetic loci, and 9 loci with convincing evidence of gene-smoking interaction (GxSMK) on obesity-related traits. We show consistent direction of effect for all identified loci and significance for 18 novel and for 5 interaction loci in an independent study sample. These loci highlight novel biological functions, including response to oxidative stress, addictive behaviour, and regulatory functions emphasizing the importance of accounting for environment in genetic analyses. Our results suggest that tobacco smoking may alter the genetic susceptibility to overall adiposity and body fat distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne E. Justice
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Thomas W. Winkler
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University of Regensburg, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Mary F. Feitosa
- Division of Statistical Genomics, Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine; St. Louis, Missouri, 63108 USA
| | - Misa Graff
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Virginia A. Fisher
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA
| | - Kristin Young
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Llilda Barata
- Division of Statistical Genomics, Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine; St. Louis, Missouri, 63108 USA
| | - Xuan Deng
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA
| | - Jacek Czajkowski
- Division of Statistical Genomics, Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine; St. Louis, Missouri, 63108 USA
| | - David Hadley
- Population Health Research Institute, St. George's, University of London, London, SW17 0RE, UK
- TransMed Systems, Inc., Cupertino, California 95014, USA
| | - Julius S. Ngwa
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore Maryland, USA
| | - Tarunveer S. Ahluwalia
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Steno Diabetes Center, Gentofte, Denmark
| | - Audrey Y. Chu
- NHLBI Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, 01702 USA
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts USA
| | - Nancy L. Heard-Costa
- NHLBI Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, 01702 USA
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA
| | - Elise Lim
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA
| | - Jeremiah Perez
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA
| | - John D. Eicher
- Population Sciences Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, The Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Zoltán Kutalik
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (IUMSP), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Computational Biology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Swiss instititute of Bioinformatics
| | - Luting Xue
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA
| | - Anubha Mahajan
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Frida Renström
- Department of Biobank Research, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Lund University, SE-205 02 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Joseph Wu
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA
| | - Qibin Qi
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Shafqat Ahmad
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts USA
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Lund University, SE-205 02 Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Tamuno Alfred
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
- The Genetics of Obesity and Related Metabolic Traits Program, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - Najaf Amin
- Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam 3015GE, The Netherlands
| | - Lawrence F. Bielak
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Amelie Bonnefond
- University of Lille, CNRS, Institut Pasteur of Lille, UMR 8199 - EGID, Lille, France
| | - Jennifer Bragg
- Internal Medicine - Nephrology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Gemma Cadby
- Centre for Genetic Origins of Health and Disease, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
| | - Martina Chittani
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan,Via A. Di Rudiní, 8 20142, Milano, Italy
| | - Scott Coggeshall
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Tanguy Corre
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (IUMSP), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Computational Biology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Swiss instititute of Bioinformatics
| | - Nese Direk
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Joel Eriksson
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Krista Fischer
- Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu 51010, Estonia
| | - Mathias Gorski
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University of Regensburg, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Marie Neergaard Harder
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Momoko Horikoshi
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford OX3 7LJ, UK
| | - Tao Huang
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
- Epidemiology Domain, Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117549, Singapore
| | - Jennifer E. Huffman
- Population Sciences Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, The Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, USA
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland
| | - Anne U. Jackson
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Johanne Marie Justesen
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Stavroula Kanoni
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Leena Kinnunen
- Department of Health, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, FI-00271 Finland
| | - Marcus E. Kleber
- Vth Department of Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | | | - Meena Kumari
- ISER, University of Essex, Colchester CO43SQ, UK
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, UCL, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Unhee Lim
- Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii 96813, USA
| | - Jian'an Luan
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Leo-Pekka Lyytikäinen
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere 33520, Finland
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere 33014, Finland
| | - Massimo Mangino
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas' Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Ani Manichaikul
- Center for Public Health Genomics and Biostatistics Section, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903, USA
| | - Jonathan Marten
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland
| | - Rita P. S. Middelberg
- Genetic Epidemiology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Martina Müller-Nurasyid
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, D-81377 Munich, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Pau Navarro
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland
| | - Louis Pérusse
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Natalia Pervjakova
- Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu 51010, Estonia
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu 51010, Estonia
| | - Cinzia Sarti
- Department of Social and Health Care, City of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Albert Vernon Smith
- Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Jennifer A. Smith
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Alena Stančáková
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, 70210 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Rona J. Strawbridge
- Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Heather M. Stringham
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Yun Ju Sung
- Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Toshiko Tanaka
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore Maryland, USA
| | - Alexander Teumer
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Germany
| | - Stella Trompet
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands
- Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands
| | - Sander W. van der Laan
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Division Heart & Lungs, UMC Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Peter J. van der Most
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Sailaja L. Vedantam
- Divisions of Endocrinology and Genetics and Center for Basic and Translational Obesity Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston Massachusetts 02115, USA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - Niek Verweij
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jacqueline M. Vink
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Veronique Vitart
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland
| | - Ying Wu
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Loic Yengo
- University of Lille, CNRS, Institut Pasteur of Lille, UMR 8199 - EGID, Lille, France
| | - Weihua Zhang
- Dept Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperical College London, UK
- Cardiology, Ealing Hospital NHS Trust, Middlesex, UK
| | - Jing Hua Zhao
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Martina E. Zimmermann
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University of Regensburg, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Niha Zubair
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle Washington USA
| | - Gonçalo R. Abecasis
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Linda S. Adair
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Saima Afaq
- Dept Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperical College London, UK
- Cardiology, Ealing Hospital NHS Trust, Middlesex, UK
| | - Uzma Afzal
- Dept Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperical College London, UK
- Cardiology, Ealing Hospital NHS Trust, Middlesex, UK
| | - Stephan J. L. Bakker
- Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Traci M. Bartz
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98101, USA
| | - John Beilby
- Busselton Population Medical Research Institute, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia
- PathWest Laboratory Medicine of WA, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia
- School of Pathology and Laboraty Medicine, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Hwy, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Richard N. Bergman
- Diabetes and Obesity Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Sven Bergmann
- Department of Computational Biology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Swiss instititute of Bioinformatics
| | - Reiner Biffar
- Clinic for Prosthetic Dentistry, Gerostomatology and Material Science, University Medicine Greifswald, Germany
| | - John Blangero
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, Texas, USA
| | - Eric Boerwinkle
- Human Genetics Center, The University of Texas Health Science Center, PO Box 20186, Houston, Texas 77225, USA
| | - Lori L. Bonnycastle
- Medical Genomics and Metabolic Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Erwin Bottinger
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Therapeutics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - Daniele Braga
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan,Via A. Di Rudiní, 8 20142, Milano, Italy
| | - Brendan M. Buckley
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University College Cork, Ireland
| | - Steve Buyske
- Department of Genetics, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
- Department of Statistics and Biostatistics, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
| | - Harry Campbell
- Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics, The University of Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - John C. Chambers
- Dept Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperical College London, UK
- Cardiology, Ealing Hospital NHS Trust, Middlesex, UK
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Francis S. Collins
- Medical Genomics and Metabolic Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Joanne E. Curran
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, Texas, USA
| | - Gert J. de Borst
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Division of Surgical Specialties, UMC Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Anton J. M. de Craen
- Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands
| | - Eco J. C. de Geus
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- EMGO+ Institute Vrije Universiteit & Vrije Universiteit Medical Center
| | - George Dedoussis
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | - Graciela E. Delgado
- Vth Department of Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Hester M. den Ruijter
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Division Heart & Lungs, UMC Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Anna L. Eriksson
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Tõnu Esko
- Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu 51010, Estonia
- Divisions of Endocrinology and Genetics and Center for Basic and Translational Obesity Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston Massachusetts 02115, USA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - Jessica D. Faul
- Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Ian Ford
- Robertson Centre for Biostatistics, University of Glasgow, UK
| | - Terrence Forrester
- Tropical Metabolism Research Unit, Tropical Medicine Research Institute, University of the West Indies, Mona, JMAAW15 Jamaica
| | - Karl Gertow
- Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bruna Gigante
- Unit of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nicola Glorioso
- Hypertension and Related Disease Centre, AOU-University of Sassari
| | - Jian Gong
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle Washington USA
| | - Harald Grallert
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Tanja B. Grammer
- Vth Department of Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Niels Grarup
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Saskia Haitjema
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Division Heart & Lungs, UMC Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Göran Hallmans
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Section for Nutritional Research, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Anders Hamsten
- Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Torben Hansen
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tamara B. Harris
- Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography, and Biometry, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Catharina A. Hartman
- Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion Regulation (ICPE), University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Maija Hassinen
- Kuopio Research Institute of Exercise Medicine, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Nicholas D. Hastie
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland
| | - Andrew C. Heath
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Dena Hernandez
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Lucia Hindorff
- Division of Genomic Medicine, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Lynne J. Hocking
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
- Generation Scotland, Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland
| | - Mette Hollensted
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Georg Homuth
- Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Germany
| | - Jouke Jan Hottenga
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jie Huang
- Department of Human Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Joseph Hung
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, The University of Western Australia, 25 Stirling Hwy, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Nina Hutri-Kähönen
- Department of Pediatrics, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere 33521, Finland
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere 33014, Finland
| | - Erik Ingelsson
- Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, 751 85, Sweden
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
- Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, 750 85, Sweden
| | - Alan L. James
- Busselton Population Medical Research Institute, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, The University of Western Australia, 25 Stirling Hwy, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
- Department of Pulmonary Physiology and Sleep Medicine, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - John-Olov Jansson
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Marjo-Riitta Jarvelin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MRC–PHE Centre for Environment & Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, UK
- Center for Life Course Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of OuluP.O.Box 5000, FI-90014, Finland
- Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Finland
- Unit of Primary Care, Oulu University Hospital, Kajaanintie 50, P.O.Box 20, FI-90220, 90029 Oulu, Finland
| | - Min A. Jhun
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | | | - Markus Juonala
- Department of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku 20520 Finland
- Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku 20521, Finland
| | - Mika Kähönen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere 33521, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere 33014, Finland
| | - Magnus Karlsson
- Clinical and Molecular Osteoporosis Research Unit, Department of Orthopedics and Clinical Sciences, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Heikki A. Koistinen
- Department of Health, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, FI-00271 Finland
- Department of Medicine and Abdominal Center: Endocrinology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, FI-00029 Finland
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Biomedicum 2U, Helsinki, FI-00290 Finland
| | - Ivana Kolcic
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Split, Croatia
| | - Genovefa Kolovou
- Department of Cardiology, Onassis Cardiac Surgery Center, Athens, Greece
| | - Charles Kooperberg
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle Washington USA
| | - Bernhard K. Krämer
- Vth Department of Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Johanna Kuusisto
- Department of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, 70210 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Kirsti Kvaløy
- HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7600 Levanger, Norway
| | - Timo A. Lakka
- Kuopio Research Institute of Exercise Medicine, Kuopio, Finland
- Institute of Biomedicine/Physiology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio Campus, Finland
| | - Claudia Langenberg
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Lenore J. Launer
- Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography, and Biometry, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Karin Leander
- Unit of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nanette R. Lee
- USC-Office of Population Studies Foundation, Inc., University of San Carlos, Cebu City 6000, Philippines
- Department of Anthropology, Sociology and History, University of San Carlos, Cebu City 6000, Philippines
| | - Lars Lind
- Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala 751 85, Sweden
| | - Cecilia M. Lindgren
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
- Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, The Big Data Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Allan Linneberg
- Research Centre for Prevention and Health, the Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Stephane Lobbens
- University of Lille, CNRS, Institut Pasteur of Lille, UMR 8199 - EGID, Lille, France
| | - Marie Loh
- Dept Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperical College London, UK
- Translational Laboratory in Genetic Medicine (TLGM), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, Immunos, Level 5, Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Mattias Lorentzon
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Robert Luben
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Gitta Lubke
- Department of Psychology, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, USA
| | - Anja Ludolph-Donislawski
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Chair of Genetic Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, D-81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Sara Lupoli
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan,Via A. Di Rudiní, 8 20142, Milano, Italy
| | - Pamela A. F. Madden
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Reija Männikkö
- Kuopio Research Institute of Exercise Medicine, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Pedro Marques-Vidal
- Department of Medicine, Internal Medicine, Lausanne university hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nicholas G. Martin
- Genetic Epidemiology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Colin A. McKenzie
- Tropical Metabolism Research Unit, Tropical Medicine Research Institute, University of the West Indies, Mona, JMAAW15 Jamaica
| | - Barbara McKnight
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98101, USA
- Program in Biostatistics and Biomathematics, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
| | - Dan Mellström
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Cristina Menni
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Grant W. Montgomery
- Molecular Epidemiology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - AW (Bill) Musk
- Busselton Population Medical Research Institute, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia
- School of Population Health, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Hwy, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Narisu Narisu
- Medical Genomics and Metabolic Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Matthias Nauck
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Germany
| | - Ilja M. Nolte
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Albertine J. Oldehinkel
- Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion Regulation (ICPE), University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Matthias Olden
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University of Regensburg, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Ken K. Ong
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Sandosh Padmanabhan
- Generation Scotland, Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Scotland
| | - Patricia A. Peyser
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Charlotta Pisinger
- Research Center for Prevention and Health, Glostrup Hospital, Glostrup Denmark
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - David J. Porteous
- Generation Scotland, Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh
| | - Olli T. Raitakari
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku 20521, Finland
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku 20520, Finland
| | - Tuomo Rankinen
- Human Genomics Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - D. C. Rao
- Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Laura J. Rasmussen-Torvik
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Rajesh Rawal
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Treva Rice
- Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Paul M. Ridker
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts USA
- Division of Cardiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lynda M. Rose
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts USA
| | - Stephanie A. Bien
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle Washington USA
| | - Igor Rudan
- Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics, The University of Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Serena Sanna
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica (IRGB), Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche (CNR), Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, 09042, Monserrato, Italy
| | - Mark A. Sarzynski
- Human Genomics Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Naveed Sattar
- BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Glasgow, UK
| | - Kai Savonen
- Kuopio Research Institute of Exercise Medicine, Kuopio, Finland
| | - David Schlessinger
- Laboratory of Genetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Salome Scholtens
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Claudia Schurmann
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
- The Genetics of Obesity and Related Metabolic Traits Program, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - Robert A. Scott
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Bengt Sennblad
- Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
- Science for Life Laboratory, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marten A. Siemelink
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Division Heart & Lungs, UMC Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Günther Silbernagel
- Division of Angiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - P Eline Slagboom
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Harold Snieder
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jan A. Staessen
- Research Unit Hypertension and Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Department of Cardiovascular Science , University of Leuven, Campus Sint Rafael, Kapucijnenvoer 35, Leuven; Belgium
- R&D VitaK Group, Maastricht University, Brains Unlimited Building, Oxfordlaan 55, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - David J. Stott
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Glasgow, UK
| | - Morris A. Swertz
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Amy J. Swift
- Medical Genomics and Metabolic Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Kent D. Taylor
- Center for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor/UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Bamidele O. Tayo
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University of Chicago, Maywood, Illinois 61053, USA
| | - Barbara Thorand
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Dorothee Thuillier
- University of Lille, CNRS, Institut Pasteur of Lille, UMR 8199 - EGID, Lille, France
| | - Jaakko Tuomilehto
- Research Division, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman, Kuwait
- Department of Neurosciences and Preventive Medicine, Danube-University Krems, 3500 Krems, Austria
- Saudi Diabetes Research Group, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Andre G. Uitterlinden
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Liesbeth Vandenput
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Marie-Claude Vohl
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
- School of Nutrition, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Henry Völzke
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Germany
| | - Judith M. Vonk
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Gérard Waeber
- Department of Medicine, Internal Medicine, Lausanne university hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Melanie Waldenberger
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - R. G. J. Westendorp
- Department of Public Health, and Center for Healthy Ageing, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sarah Wild
- Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics, The University of Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Gonneke Willemsen
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bruce H. R. Wolffenbuttel
- Department of Endocrinology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Andrew Wong
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at UCL, 33 Bedford Place, London, WC1B 5JU, UK
| | - Alan F. Wright
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - M Carola Zillikens
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Damiano Baldassarre
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | - Carsten A. Böger
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Dorret I. Boomsma
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Claude Bouchard
- Human Genomics Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Marcel Bruinenberg
- Lifelines Cohort Study, PO Box 30001, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Daniel I. Chasman
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts USA
- Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yii-DerIda Chen
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Los Angeles BioMedical Research Institute and Department of Pediatrics, Harbor-UCLA, Torrance, California 90502, USA
| | - Peter S. Chines
- Medical Genomics and Metabolic Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Richard S. Cooper
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University of Chicago, Maywood, Illinois 61053, USA
| | - Francesco Cucca
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica (IRGB), Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche (CNR), Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, 09042, Monserrato, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Universita' degli Studi di Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Daniele Cusi
- Sanipedia srl, Bresso (Milano), Italy and Institute of Biomedical Technologies National Centre of Research Segrate, Milano, Italy
| | - Ulf de Faire
- Unit of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Luigi Ferrucci
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore Maryland, USA
| | - Paul W. Franks
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Lund University, SE-205 02 Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
- Department of Public Health & Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Philippe Froguel
- University of Lille, CNRS, Institut Pasteur of Lille, UMR 8199 - EGID, Lille, France
- Department of Genomics of Common Disease, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Penny Gordon-Larsen
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
- Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill North Carolina, 27516, USA
| | - Hans- Jörgen Grabe
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Site Rostock/Greifswald, Germany
| | - Vilmundur Gudnason
- Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Christopher A. Haiman
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, 90089, USA
| | - Caroline Hayward
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland
- Generation Scotland, Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland
| | - Kristian Hveem
- HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7600 Levanger, Norway
| | - Andrew D. Johnson
- Population Sciences Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, The Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, USA
| | - J Wouter Jukema
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands
- Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Interuniversity Cardiology Institute of the Netherlands, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Sharon L. R. Kardia
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Mika Kivimaki
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, UCL, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Jaspal S. Kooner
- Cardiology, Ealing Hospital NHS Trust, Middlesex, UK
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
- Faculty of Med, National Heart & Lung Institute, Cardiovascular Science, Hammersmith Campus, Hammersmith Hospital, Hammersmith Campus, Imperial College London, UK
| | - Diana Kuh
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at UCL, 33 Bedford Place, London, WC1B 5JU, UK
| | - Markku Laakso
- Department of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, 70210 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Terho Lehtimäki
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere 33520, Finland
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere 33014, Finland
| | - Loic Le Marchand
- Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii 96813, USA
| | - Winfried März
- Synlab Academy, Synlab Services GmbH, Mannheim, Germany
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Mark I. McCarthy
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford OX3 7LJ, UK
- Oxford National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Andres Metspalu
- Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu 51010, Estonia
| | - Andrew P. Morris
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GL, UK
| | - Claes Ohlsson
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lyle J. Palmer
- School of Public Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Gerard Pasterkamp
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Division Heart & Lungs, UMC Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry and Hematology, Division Laboratories & Pharmacy, UMC Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Oluf Pedersen
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Annette Peters
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Ulrike Peters
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle Washington USA
| | - Ozren Polasek
- Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics, The University of Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Split, Croatia
| | - Bruce M. Psaty
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98101, USA
- Group Health Research Institute, Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, Washington 98101, USA
| | - Lu Qi
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Rainer Rauramaa
- Kuopio Research Institute of Exercise Medicine, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Blair H. Smith
- Generation Scotland, Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland
- Division of Population Health Sciences, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD2 4RB, Scotland
| | - Thorkild I. A. Sørensen
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology (formerly Institute of Preventive Medicine), Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (2000 Frederiksberg), The Capital Region, Copenhagen, Denmark
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Bristol University, Bristol, UK
| | - Konstantin Strauch
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Chair of Genetic Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, D-81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Henning Tiemeier
- Department of Psychiatry Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Elena Tremoli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Pim van der Harst
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands
- Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, ICIN-Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Henrik Vestergaard
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Steno Diabetes Center, Gentofte, Denmark
| | - Peter Vollenweider
- Department of Medicine, Internal Medicine, Lausanne university hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nicholas J. Wareham
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - David R. Weir
- Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - John B. Whitfield
- Genetic Epidemiology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - James F. Wilson
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland
- Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics, The University of Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Jessica Tyrrell
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, RILD Building University of Exeter, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK
- European Centre for Environment and Human Health, University of Exeter Medical School, The Knowledge Spa, Truro TR1 3HD, UK
| | - Timothy M. Frayling
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter EX1 2LU, UK
| | - Inês Barroso
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
- NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Level 4, Institute of Metabolic Science Box 289 Addenbrooke's Hospital Cambridge CB2 OQQ, UK
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Level 4, Institute of Metabolic Science Box 289 Addenbrooke's Hospital Cambridge CB2 OQQ, UK
| | - Michael Boehnke
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Panagiotis Deloukas
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
- Princess Al-Jawhara Al-Brahim Centre of Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders (PACER-HD), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Caroline S. Fox
- NHLBI Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, 01702 USA
| | - Joel N. Hirschhorn
- Divisions of Endocrinology and Genetics and Center for Basic and Translational Obesity Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston Massachusetts 02115, USA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - David J. Hunter
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Tim D. Spector
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - David P. Strachan
- Population Health Research Institute, St. George's, University of London, London, SW17 0RE, UK
- Division of Population Health Sciences and Education, St George's, University of London, London SW17 0RE, UK
| | - Cornelia M. van Duijn
- Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam 3015GE, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Genomics Initiative (NGI)-sponsored Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging (NCHA). Leiden, The Netherlands
- Center for Medical Systems Biology, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Iris M. Heid
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University of Regensburg, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg 85764, Germany
| | - Karen L. Mohlke
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | | | - Ruth J. F. Loos
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
- The Genetics of Obesity and Related Metabolic Traits Program, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
- Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York 10029, USA
- The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - Tuomas O. Kilpeläinen
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
- Department of Preventive Medicine, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, 10029, USA
| | - Ching-Ti Liu
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA
| | - Ingrid B. Borecki
- Division of Statistical Genomics, Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine; St. Louis, Missouri, 63108 USA
| | - Kari E. North
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - L Adrienne Cupples
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA
- NHLBI Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, 01702 USA
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Chu PL, Lin LY, Chen PC, Su TC, Lin CY. Negative association between acrylamide exposure and body composition in adults: NHANES, 2003-2004. Nutr Diabetes 2017; 7:e246. [PMID: 28287631 PMCID: PMC5380889 DOI: 10.1038/nutd.2016.48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Acrylamide is present in mainstream cigarette smoke and in some food prepared at high temperature. Animal studies have shown that acrylamide exposure reduces body weight. Prenatal exposure to acrylamide also has been linked to reduced birth weight in human. Whether acrylamide exposure is associated with altered body compositions in adults is not clear. SUBJECTS/METHODS We selected 3623 subjects (aged ⩾20 years) from a National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) in 2003-2004 to determine the relationship among hemoglobin adducts of acrylamide (HbAA), hemoglobin adducts of glycidamide (HbGA) and body composition (body measures, bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA)). Data were adjusted for potential confounding variables. RESULTS The geometric means and 95% CI concentrations of HbAA and HbGA were 60.48 (59.32-61.65) pmol/g Hb and 55.64 (54.40-56.92) pmol/g Hb, respectively. After weighting for sampling strategy, we identified that one-unit increase in natural log-HbAA, but not HbGA, was associated with reduction in body measures (body weight, body mass index (BMI), subscapular/triceps skinfold), parameters of BIA (fat-free mass, fat mass, percent body fat, total body water) and parameters of DXA (android fat mass, android percent fat, gynoid fat/lean mass, gynoid percent mass, android to gynoid ratio). Subgroup analysis showed that these associations were more evident in subjects at younger age, male gender, whites, lower education level, active smokers and those with lower BMI. CONCLUSIONS Higher concentrations of HbAA are associated with a decrease in body composition in the US general population. Further studies are warranted to clarify this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- P-L Chu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hsinchu Cathay General Hospital, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Science, College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - L-Y Lin
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiovascular Center, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - P-C Chen
- Institute of Occupational Medicine and Industrial Hygiene, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Public Health, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine and National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - T-C Su
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiovascular Center, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Occupational Medicine and Industrial Hygiene, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - C-Y Lin
- Department of Internal Medicine, En Chu Kong Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
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Kabat GC, Heo M, Allison M, Johnson KC, Ho GYF, Tindle HA, Asao K, LaMonte MJ, Giovino GA, Rohan TE. Smoking Habits and Body Weight Over the Adult Lifespan in Postmenopausal Women. Am J Prev Med 2017; 52:e77-e84. [PMID: 27939236 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2016.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Revised: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The inter-relationships between smoking habits and weight gain are complex. However, few studies have examined the association of smoking habits with weight gain over the life course. METHODS Major smoking parameters and weight gain over time were examined in a large cohort of postmenopausal women aged 50-79 years at enrollment between 1993 and 1998 (N=161,808) and followed through 2014 (analyses conducted in 2016). Cross-sectional analyses were used to assess the association of smoking and body weight at baseline. Retrospective data were used to correlate smoking status with body weight over a 45-year period prior to enrollment. In addition, the association of smoking with weight gain over 6 years of follow-up was examined. RESULTS At baseline, women who had quit smoking prior to enrollment weighed 4.7 kg more than current smokers and 2.6 kg more than never smokers. Former, never, and current smokers all gained weight over the 45-year period from age 18 years to time of enrollment (average age, 63 years): 16.8, 16.4, and 14.6 kg, respectively. In prospective analyses, women who were current smokers at baseline but who quit smoking during follow-up gained more than 5 kg by Year 6 compared with current smokers at baseline who continued to smoke. Among long-term quitters, greater intensity of smoking and more recent quitting were associated with greater weight gain. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that excess weight gain associated with smoking cessation occurs soon after quitting and is modest relative to weight gain in never smokers over the adult lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey C Kabat
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York.
| | - Moonseong Heo
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Matthew Allison
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Karen C Johnson
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Gloria Y F Ho
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Epidemiology and Prevention, Northwell Health, Great Neck, New York
| | - Hilary A Tindle
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Keiko Asao
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Michael J LaMonte
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
| | - Gary A Giovino
- Department of Community Health and Health Behavior, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
| | - Thomas E Rohan
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
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Tuovinen EL, Saarni SE, Männistö S, Borodulin K, Patja K, Kinnunen TH, Kaprio J, Korhonen T. Smoking status and abdominal obesity among normal- and overweight/obese adults: Population-based FINRISK study. Prev Med Rep 2016; 4:324-30. [PMID: 27486563 PMCID: PMC4959936 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2016.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Revised: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Several studies have reported direct associations of smoking with body mass index (BMI) and abdominal obesity. However, the interplay between them is poorly understood. Our first aim was to investigate the interaction between smoking status and BMI on abdominal obesity (waist circumference, WC). Our second aim was to examine how the association of smoking status with WC varies among normal and overweight/obese men and women. We examined 5833 participants from the National FINRISK 2007 Study. The interactions between smoking and BMI on WC were analyzed. Participants were categorized into eight groups according to BMI (normal weight vs. overweight/obese) and smoking status (never smoker, ex-smoker, occasional/light/moderate daily smoker, heavy daily smoker). The associations between each BMI/smoking status -group and WC were analyzed by multiple regressions, the normal-weight never smokers as the reference group. The smoking status by BMI-interaction on WC was significant for women, but not for men. Among the overweight/obese women, ex-smokers (β = 2.73; 1.99, 3.46) and heavy daily smokers (β = 4.90; 3.35, 6.44) had the highest estimates for WC when adjusted for age, BMI, alcohol consumption and physical activity. In comparison to never smoking overweight/obese women, the β-coefficients of ex-smokers and heavy daily smokers were significantly higher. Among men and normal weight women the β -coefficients did not significantly differ by smoking status. An interaction between smoking status and BMI on abdominal obesity was observed in women: overweight/obese heavy daily smokers were particularly vulnerable for abdominal obesity. This risk group should be targeted for cardiovascular disease prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eeva-Liisa Tuovinen
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Institute for Molecular Medicine FIMM, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Suoma E. Saarni
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Hospital District of Southwest Finland and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Department of Health, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Satu Männistö
- Department of Health, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Katja Borodulin
- Department of Health, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | | | - Jaakko Kaprio
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Institute for Molecular Medicine FIMM, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Health, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tellervo Korhonen
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Health, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
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Mendez IA, Carcoba L, Wellman PJ, Cepeda-Benito A. High-fat diet meal patterns during and after continuous nicotine treatment in male rats. Exp Clin Psychopharmacol 2016; 24:477-484. [PMID: 27643914 PMCID: PMC5955698 DOI: 10.1037/pha0000094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Smoking to control body weight is an obstacle to smoking cessation, particularly in western cultures where diets are often rich in calories derived from fat sources. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of continuous nicotine administration on meal patterns in rats fed a high-fat diet. Male rats were housed in cages designed to continuously monitor food intake and implanted with minipumps to deliver approximately 1.00 mg/kg/day of nicotine or saline. Meal patterns and body weights were assessed for 2 weeks of treatment and 1 week posttreatment. When compared with controls, rats with continuous nicotine treatment exhibited a decrease in the average meal duration(s) during the first week of treatment and a modest, yet sustained reduction in daily number of meals over the 14-day treatment period. Nicotine-induced decreases in body weight gain were observed throughout the 2 weeks of treatment. No differences in meal patterns or body weight gain were seen for 1 week following cessation of treatment. Results from this study suggest that while continuous nicotine treatment decreases daily food intake, meal durations, meal numbers, and weight gain, cessation of this treatment does not result in significant compensatory increases. Understanding the effects of nicotine on feeding patterns and weight gain may allow for improvements in treatment protocols aimed at addressing the factors that contribute to tobacco use. (PsycINFO Database Record
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian A. Mendez
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA,Corresponding Author: Ian A. Mendez, Ph.D., Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, 760 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90024-1759, , Phone: (310)206-7890, Fax: (310)825-7067
| | - Luis Carcoba
- Department of Psychology, University of Texas El Paso, El Paso, TX, USA
| | - Paul J. Wellman
- Department of Psychology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
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Pengpid S, Peltzer K. Associations between behavioural risk factors and overweight and obesity among adults in population-based samples from 31 countries. Obes Res Clin Pract 2016; 11:158-166. [PMID: 27614950 DOI: 10.1016/j.orcp.2016.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2016] [Revised: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Concern about overweight and obesity is growing worldwide, and more research to examine behaviours associated with the risk for increased weight in adult populations is needed. The aim of this study was to estimate associations between behavioural risk factors and overweight and obesity among adults in nationally representative population samples from 20 countries in Europe, 8 countries in Asia, Australia, Chile and USA. METHODS This secondary analysis is based on the International Social Survey Program (ISSP), 2011-2013, Health and Health Care Module. In a cross-sectional population-based survey (N=48,741) (mean age 46.6 years, SD=17.4, age range 15-102 years) simple or multi-stage stratified random sampling was used, yielding representative samples of the adult population of respective countries. Body Mass Index was assessed by self-reported height and weight. Correlates were risk behaviours for chronic disease (smoking status, alcohol intake, consumption of fruits and vegetable (=FV), and physical activity). RESULTS Overall, for all 31 countries the prevalence of overweight or obesity was 44.1%, 31.7% overweight and 12.4% obese. In adjusted logistic regression models, among men and among women ex-smoking was positively associated with both overweight and obesity, while light or moderate smoking overall and among men were inversely related with obesity. Moderate alcohol use was positively associated with both overweight and obesity, while heavy alcohol use was negatively associated with overweight. The daily consumption of FV was found to be protective from both overweight and obesity, overall and for men but not for women. Physical activity was positively associated with overweight but not obesity. CONCLUSIONS Some risk behaviours for chronic disease appear to be associated with overweight and obesity among adults. Interventions targeting these risk behaviours may have the potential to reduce weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supa Pengpid
- ASEAN Institute for Health Development, Mahidol University, Salaya, Phutthamonthon, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand; Department of Research & Innovation, University of Limpopo, Turfloop Campus, Sovenga 0727, South Africa.
| | - Karl Peltzer
- ASEAN Institute for Health Development, Mahidol University, Salaya, Phutthamonthon, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand; Department of Research & Innovation, University of Limpopo, Turfloop Campus, Sovenga 0727, South Africa; HIV/AIDS/STIs and TB (HAST), Human Sciences Research Council, Pretoria 0001, South Africa.
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Ye D, Cai S, Jiang X, Ding Y, Chen K, Fan C, Jin M. Associations of polymorphisms in circadian genes with abdominal obesity in Chinese adult population. Obes Res Clin Pract 2016; 10 Suppl 1:S133-S141. [DOI: 10.1016/j.orcp.2016.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Revised: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Wang R, Zhang P, Gao C, Li Z, Lv X, Song Y, Yu Y, Li B. Prevalence of overweight and obesity and some associated factors among adult residents of northeast China: a cross-sectional study. BMJ Open 2016; 6:e010828. [PMID: 27456326 PMCID: PMC4964206 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2015-010828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aims to estimate the prevalence of overweight and obesity and determine potential influencing factors among adults in northeast China. METHODS A cross-sectional survey was conducted in Jilin Province, northeast China, in 2012. A total of 9873 men and 10 966 women aged 18-79 years from the general population were included using a multistage stratified random cluster sampling design. Data were obtained from face-to-face interview and physical examination. After being weighted according to a complex sampling scheme, the sample was used to estimate the prevalence of overweight (body mass index (BMI) 24-27.9 kg/m(2)) and obesity (BMI >28 kg/m(2)) in Jilin Province, and analyse influencing factors through corresponding statistical methods based on complex sampling design behaviours. RESULTS The overall prevalence of overweight was 32.3% (male 34.3%; female 30.2%), and the prevalence of obesity was 14.6% (male 16.3%; female 12.8%) in Jilin Province. The prevalence of both overweight and obesity were higher in men than women (p<0.001). Influencing factors included sex, age, marriage status, occupation, smoking, drinking, diet and hours of sleep (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS This study estimated that the prevalence of overweight and obesity among adult residents of Jilin Province, northeast China, were high. The results of this study will be submitted to the Health Department of Jilin Province and other relevant departments as a reference, which should inform policy makers in developing education and publicity to prevent and control the occurrence of overweight and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Jilin University School of Public Health, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Jilin University School of Public Health, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Chunshi Gao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Jilin University School of Public Health, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Zhijun Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Jilin University School of Public Health, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Xin Lv
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Jilin University School of Public Health, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yuanyuan Song
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Jilin University School of Public Health, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yaqin Yu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Jilin University School of Public Health, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Jilin University School of Public Health, Changchun, Jilin, China
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Song M, Giovannucci E. Estimating the Influence of Obesity on Cancer Risk: Stratification by Smoking Is Critical. J Clin Oncol 2016; 34:3237-9. [PMID: 27458311 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2016.67.6916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mingyang Song
- Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School; and Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Edward Giovannucci
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health; and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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50
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Li J, Yang C, Davey-Rothwell M, Latkin C. Associations Between Body Weight Status and Substance Use Among African American Women in Baltimore, Maryland: The CHAT Study. Subst Use Misuse 2016; 51:669-81. [PMID: 27050238 PMCID: PMC4939607 DOI: 10.3109/10826084.2015.1135950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies on associations between body weight status and specific substance use have provided conflicting findings. OBJECTIVES This paper investigated the association between substance use and body weight status among African American women. METHODS We analyzed the data from 328 African American women who were enrolled in a HIV prevention intervention in Baltimore, MD, USA, in order to investigate the association between substance use and their body weight status. Participants' anthropometry was measured by trained research staff. Substance use information was collected via self-administered and interviewer-administered questionnaires. RESULTS About 33.4% were classified as normal/underweight, 24.2% overweight, and 42.4% obese. Compared to overweight (38.5%) and obese (29.2%) participants, the normal/underweight women had significantly higher prevalence of drug use (52.8%) (χ(2)= 14.11, p < 0.05). BMI was significantly negatively associated with current heroin use (t = -2.21, p < 0.05). The risk of being overweight and obesity was lower among active marijuana (z = -2.05, p < 0.05) and heroin users (z = -1.91, p < 0.10) than among non-marijuana/non-heroin users. Heroin smokers had lower body weight (t = -3.02, p < 0.05) and BMI (t = -2.47, p < 0.05) than non-heroin smokers. The decrease in BMI appeared to be greater among more frequent (≥once/day) heroin users (t = -2.39, p <0.05) as compared to the less frequent heroin users ( CONCLUSIONS The results are comparable to existing findings. Active marijuana and heroin users were less likely to be overweight and obese compared to their counterparts. The impact of substance use on body weight status differed by the frequency and route of administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Li
- Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Cui Yang
- Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Melissa Davey-Rothwell
- Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Carl Latkin
- Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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