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Collares-Buzato CB, Carvalho CP. Is type 2 diabetes mellitus another intercellular junction-related disorder? Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2022; 247:743-755. [PMID: 35466731 DOI: 10.1177/15353702221090464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) is nowadays a worldwide epidemic and has become a major challenge for health systems around the world. It is a multifactorial disorder, characterized by a chronic state of hyperglycemia caused by defects in the production as well as in the peripheral action of insulin. This minireview highlights the experimental and clinical evidence that supports the novel idea that intercellular junctions (IJs)-mediated cell-cell contacts play a role in the pathogenesis of T2D. It focuses on IJs repercussion for endocrine pancreas, intestinal barrier, and kidney dysfunctions that contribute to the onset and evolution of this metabolic disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla B Collares-Buzato
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, CEP 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Carolina Pf Carvalho
- Department of Biosciences, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Santos, SP, CEP 11015-020, Brazil
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2
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Martinez C, Maschio DA, de Fontes CC, Vanzela EC, Benfato ID, Gazarini ML, Carneiro EM, de Oliveira CA, Collares-Buzato CB, de F. Carvalho CP. EARLY DECREASE IN CX36 IS ASSOCIATED WITH INCREASED CELL ADHESION MOLECULES (CAMs) JUNCTIONAL CONTENT IN MOUSE PANCREATIC ISLETS AFTER SHORT-TERM HIGH-FAT DIET FEEDING. Ann Anat 2022; 241:151891. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2022.151891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Postolache TT, del Bosque-Plata L, Jabbour S, Vergare M, Wu R, Gragnoli C. Co-shared genetics and possible risk gene pathway partially explain the comorbidity of schizophrenia, major depressive disorder, type 2 diabetes, and metabolic syndrome. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2019; 180:186-203. [PMID: 30729689 PMCID: PMC6492942 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia (SCZ) and major depressive disorder (MDD) in treatment-naive patients are associated with increased risk for type 2 diabetes (T2D) and metabolic syndrome (MetS). SCZ, MDD, T2D, and MetS are often comorbid and their comorbidity increases cardiovascular risk: Some risk genes are likely co-shared by them. For instance, transcription factor 7-like 2 (TCF7L2) and proteasome 26S subunit, non-ATPase 9 (PSMD9) are two genes independently reported as contributing to T2D and SCZ, and PSMD9 to MDD as well. However, there are scarce data on the shared genetic risk among SCZ, MDD, T2D, and/or MetS. Here, we briefly describe T2D, MetS, SCZ, and MDD and their genetic architecture. Next, we report separately about the comorbidity of SCZ and MDD with T2D and MetS, and their respective genetic overlap. We propose a novel hypothesis that genes of the prolactin (PRL)-pathway may be implicated in the comorbidity of these disorders. The inherited predisposition of patients with SCZ and MDD to psychoneuroendocrine dysfunction may confer increased risk of T2D and MetS. We illustrate a strategy to identify risk variants in each disorder and in their comorbid psychoneuroendocrine and mental-metabolic dysfunctions, advocating for studies of genetically homogeneous and phenotype-rich families. The results will guide future studies of the shared predisposition and molecular genetics of new homogeneous endophenotypes of SCZ, MDD, and metabolic impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teodor T. Postolache
- Department of Psychiatry, Mood and Anxiety Program, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland,Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), Veterans Integrated Service Network (VISN) 19, Military and Veteran Microbiome: Consortium for Research and Education (MVM-CoRE), Denver, Colorado,Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), Veterans Integrated Service Network (VISN) 5, VA Capitol Health Care Network, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Laura del Bosque-Plata
- National Institute of Genomic Medicine, Nutrigenetics and Nutrigenomic Laboratory, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Serge Jabbour
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolic Disease, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Michael Vergare
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Rongling Wu
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania,Department of Statistics, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Claudia Gragnoli
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolic Disease, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania,Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania,Molecular Biology Laboratory, Bios Biotech Multi-Diagnostic Health Center, Rome, Italy
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4
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Fathi Dizaji B. The investigations of genetic determinants of the metabolic syndrome. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2018; 12:783-789. [PMID: 29673926 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2018.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome is the aggregation of cardiovascular risk factors that increases the risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Family and twin studies, heritability spectrum for its components and different prevalence among ethnicities, have provided genetic susceptibility to the metabolic syndrome. The investigations of genetic base for the disorder have recognized numerous chromosomes, various DNA polymorphisms in candidate genes and many gene variants, that are associated with metabolic syndrome as an entity or its traits, which mostly are related to lipid metabolism. In addition, recent finding of the role of rare variants, epigenetic mechanisms, non-coding RNAs and evaluating the function of genes in molecular networks have improved our knowledge. However, a common genetic basis explaining the co-occurrence of its components has not been identified and more researches are essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behdokht Fathi Dizaji
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Umrani MR, Joglekar MV, Somerville Glover E, Wong W, Hardikar AA. Connexins and microRNAs: Interlinked players in regulating islet function? Islets 2017; 9:99-108. [PMID: 28686518 PMCID: PMC5624287 DOI: 10.1080/19382014.2017.1331192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic β-cells are connected to neighboring endocrine cells through the adherin proteins and gap junctions. Connexin 36 (Cx36) is one of the most well-studied and abundantly expressed gap-junction proteins within rodent islets, which is important in coordinated insulin secretion. The expression of connexins is regulated at various levels and by several mechanisms; one of which is via microRNAs. In past 2 decades, microRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as key molecules in developmental, physiologic and pathological processes. However, very few studies have demonstrated miRNA-mediated regulation of connexins. Even though there are no reports yet on miRNAs and Cx36; we envisage that considering the important role of connexins and microRNAs in insulin secretion, there would be common pathways interlinking these biomolecules. Here, we discuss the current literature on connexins and miRNAs specifically with reference to islet function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malati R. Umrani
- National centre for cell science, Ganeshkhind, Pune University Campus, Pune, India
- Diabetes and Islet Biology Group, NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Mugdha V. Joglekar
- Diabetes and Islet Biology Group, NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ella Somerville Glover
- Diabetes and Islet Biology Group, NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Wilson Wong
- Diabetes and Islet Biology Group, NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Anandwardhan A. Hardikar
- Diabetes and Islet Biology Group, NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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Bureau A, Croteau J, Couture C, Vohl MC, Bouchard C, Pérusse L. Estimating genetic effect sizes under joint disease-endophenotype models in presence of gene-environment interactions. Front Genet 2015; 6:248. [PMID: 26284107 PMCID: PMC4516976 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2015.00248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Effects of genetic variants on the risk of complex diseases estimated from association studies are typically small. Nonetheless, variants may have important effects in presence of specific levels of environmental exposures, and when a trait related to the disease (endophenotype) is either normal or impaired. We propose polytomous and transition models to represent the relationship between disease, endophenotype, genotype and environmental exposure in family studies. Model coefficients were estimated using generalized estimating equations and were used to derive gene-environment interaction effects and genotype effects at specific levels of exposure. In a simulation study, estimates of the effect of a genetic variant were substantially higher when both an endophenotype and an environmental exposure modifying the variant effect were taken into account, particularly under transition models, compared to the alternative of ignoring the endophenotype. Illustration of the proposed modeling with the metabolic syndrome, abdominal obesity, physical activity and polymorphisms in the NOX3 gene in the Quebec Family Study revealed that the positive association of the A allele of rs1375713 with the metabolic syndrome at high levels of physical activity was only detectable in subjects without abdominal obesity, illustrating the importance of taking into account the abdominal obesity endophenotype in this analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Bureau
- Laboratoire de Biostatistique et Psychiatrie Génétique, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Québec Québec, QC, Canada ; Département de Médecine Sociale et Préventive, Université Laval Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Jordie Croteau
- Laboratoire de Biostatistique et Psychiatrie Génétique, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Québec Québec, QC, Canada
| | | | - Marie-Claude Vohl
- Institut sur la Nutrition et les Aliments Fonctionnels, Université Laval Québec, QC, Canada ; École de Nutrition, Université Laval Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Claude Bouchard
- Human Genomics Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Louis Pérusse
- Département de Kinésiologie, Université Laval Québec, QC, Canada ; Institut sur la Nutrition et les Aliments Fonctionnels, Université Laval Québec, QC, Canada
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Farnsworth NL, Benninger RKP. New insights into the role of connexins in pancreatic islet function and diabetes. FEBS Lett 2014; 588:1278-87. [PMID: 24583073 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2014.02.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2013] [Revised: 02/13/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Multi-cellular systems require complex signaling mechanisms for proper tissue function, to mediate signaling between cells in close proximity and at distances. This holds true for the islets of Langerhans, which are multicellular micro-organs located in the pancreas responsible for glycemic control, through secretion of insulin and other hormones. Coupling of electrical and metabolic signaling between islet β-cells is required for proper insulin secretion and effective glycemic control. β-cell specific coupling is established through gap junctions composed of connexin36, which results in coordinated insulin release across the islet. Islet connexins have been implicated in both Type-1 and Type-2 diabetes; however a clear link remains to be determined. The goal of this review is to discuss recent discoveries regarding the role of connexins in regulating insulin secretion, the regulation of connexins within the islet, and recent studies which support a role for connexins in diabetes. Further studies which investigate the regulation of connexins in the islet and their role in diabetes may lead to novel diabetes therapies which regulate islet function and β-cell survival through modulation of gap junction coupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikki L Farnsworth
- Barbara Davis center for childhood diabetes, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, United States
| | - Richard K P Benninger
- Barbara Davis center for childhood diabetes, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, United States; Department of Bioengineering, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, United States.
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8
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Gao M, Ding D, Huang J, Qu Y, Wang Y, Huang Q. Association of genetic variants in the adiponectin gene with metabolic syndrome: a case-control study and a systematic meta-analysis in the Chinese population. PLoS One 2013; 8:e58412. [PMID: 23593121 PMCID: PMC3617191 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0058412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2012] [Accepted: 02/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The prevalence of metabolic syndrome has been rising worldwide, including in China, but knowledge on specific genetic determinants of metabolic syndrome is very limited. A number of studies have reported that polymorphisms in the ADIPOQ gene are associated with metabolic syndrome in Chinese Han populations. However, data is still conflicting. The objective of this study was to examine the associations of the adiponectin genetic variants with metabolic syndrome by a case-control study and meta-analyses in Chinese. Methods We first investigated the association of ADIPOQ rs2241766 (+45T>G in exon 2), rs266729 (−11377C>G in promoter) and rs1501299 (+276G>T in intron 2) polymorphisms with metabolic syndrome in a Hubei Han Chinese population with 322 metabolic syndrome patients and 161 normal controls recruited from the Yichang, Hubei. Then we comprehensively reviewed the association between ADIPOQ rs2241766/rs266729/rs1501299 and metabolic syndrome in the Chinese populations via a meta-analysis. The strength of association was assessed by odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results The G allele frequency of rs2241766 in metabolic syndrome patients was significantly higher than those of controls group (29.8% vs 23.3%, OR = 1.40, P = 0.033). The logistic regression analysis adjusted by gender and age showed a nominally significant association for rs2241766 GG+GT genotype (P = 0.065, OR = 1.55) and rs1501299 GG genotype in recessive model (OR = 1.54, P = 0.066). However, no association was observed for rs266729 in our sample. We identified thirteen studies for rs2241766 (2,684 metabolic syndrome patients and 2,864 controls), three studies for rs266729, and eleven studies for rs1501299 (2,889 metabolic syndrome patients and 3,304 controls) in Chinese. Meta-analysis indicated significant associations for the rs2241766 G allele (OR = 1.14, 95%CI = 1.05–1.24, P = 0.003), rs266729 GG+GT genotypes (OR = 0.80, 95%CI = 0.68–0.92, P = 0.003) and rs1501299 GG+TG genotypes (OR = 1.42, 95%CI 1.16–1.75, P = 0.001). Conclusions Our results demonstrated ADIPOQ as a pleiotropic locus for metabolic syndrome and its components in the Han Chinese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Gao
- Hubei Key Lab of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, College of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Daxia Ding
- Hubei Key Lab of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, College of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jinghua Huang
- Hubei Key Lab of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, College of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yali Qu
- Wuhan Center of Medical Therapeutics, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Qingyang Huang
- Hubei Key Lab of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, College of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
- * E-mail:
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Carvalho CPF, Oliveira RB, Britan A, Santos-Silva JC, Boschero AC, Meda P, Collares-Buzato CB. Impaired β-cell-β-cell coupling mediated by Cx36 gap junctions in prediabetic mice. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2012; 303:E144-51. [PMID: 22569071 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00489.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Gap junctional intercellular communication between β-cells is crucial for proper insulin biosynthesis and secretion. The aim of this work was to investigate the expression of connexin (Cx)36 at the protein level as well as the function and structure of gap junctions (GJ) made by this protein in the endocrine pancreas of prediabetic mice. C57BL/6 mice were fed a high-fat (HF) or regular chow diet for 60 days. HF-fed mice became obese and prediabetic, as shown by peripheral insulin resistance, moderate hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, and compensatory increase in endocrine pancreas mass. Compared with control mice, prediabetic animals showed a significant decrease in insulin-secretory response to glucose and displayed a significant reduction in islet Cx36 protein. Ultrastructural analysis further showed that prediabetic mice had GJ plaques about one-half the size of those of the control group. Microinjection of isolated pancreatic islets with ethidium bromide revealed that prediabetic mice featured a β-cell-β-cell coupling 30% lower than that of control animals. We conclude that β-cell-β-cell coupling mediated by Cx36 made-channels is impaired in prediabetic mice, suggesting a role of Cx36-dependent cell-to-cell communication in the pathogenesis of the early β-cell dysfunctions that lead to type 2-diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- C P F Carvalho
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
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Potolicchio I, Cigliola V, Velazquez-Garcia S, Klee P, Valjevac A, Kapic D, Cosovic E, Lepara O, Hadzovic-Dzuvo A, Mornjacovic Z, Meda P. Connexin-dependent signaling in neuro-hormonal systems. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2011; 1818:1919-36. [PMID: 22001400 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2011.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2011] [Revised: 09/14/2011] [Accepted: 09/23/2011] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The advent of multicellular organisms was accompanied by the development of short- and long-range chemical signalling systems, including those provided by the nervous and endocrine systems. In turn, the cells of these two systems have developed mechanisms for interacting with both adjacent and distant cells. With evolution, such mechanisms have diversified to become integrated in a complex regulatory network, whereby individual endocrine and neuro-endocrine cells sense the state of activity of their neighbors and, accordingly, regulate their own level of functioning. A consistent feature of this network is the expression of connexin-made channels between the (neuro)hormone-producing cells of all endocrine glands and secretory regions of the central nervous system so far investigated in vertebrates. This review summarizes the distribution of connexins in the mammalian (neuro)endocrine systems, and what we know about the participation of these proteins on hormone secretion, the life of the producing cells, and the action of (neuro)hormones on specific targets. The data gathered since the last reviews on the topic are summarized, with particular emphasis on the roles of Cx36 in the function of the insulin-producing beta cells of the endocrine pancreas, and of Cx40 in that of the renin-producing juxta-glomerular epithelioid cells of the kidney cortex. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: The Communicating junctions, composition, structure and characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Potolicchio
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva Medical School, Switzerland
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El Shamieh S, Herbeth B, Azimi-Nezhad M, Benachour H, Masson C, Visvikis-Siest S. Human formyl peptide receptor 1 C32T SNP interacts with age and is associated with blood pressure levels. Clin Chim Acta 2010; 413:34-8. [PMID: 21144844 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2010.11.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2010] [Revised: 11/29/2010] [Accepted: 11/30/2010] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human formyl peptide receptor 1 (FPR1) mediates inflammatory responses, recognized as important participants in the physiopathology of hypertension. Similarly, FPR1 C32T SNP is associated with inflammation and BP related pathways. Therefore, the relationship between FPR1 C32T SNP, BP and hypertension needs to be investigated. METHOD 1012 French middle-aged adults including 491 healthy individuals (5 years follow-up, T(+0) and T(+5)) and 521 hypertensive individuals were PCR-RFLP genotyped for FPR1 C32T SNP (rs5030878). RESULTS At entrance, there was no significant association between FPR1 C32T SNP and blood pressure (BP) in healthy individuals. However, 5 years later, significant associations were found for DBP, SBP (p<0.001 and p=0.009 respectively) and for their 5 years changes (Δ) (p=0.025 and p=0.027 for DBP and SBP respectively). Significant interactions between FPR1 C32T SNP and age on DBP, SBP, ΔDBP and ΔSBP were found (p=0.014, 0.008, 0.015 and 0.015 respectively). Consequently, stronger increase in BP was reported among healthy individuals aged less than 45 years. When normotensive individuals were compared to hypertensives ones, similar FPR1 C32T genotypes and allele frequency distributions were found. CONCLUSION FPR1 C32T SNP interacts with age, is associated with higher and a 5 years increase of BP levels in healthy individuals aged less than 45 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Said El Shamieh
- Unité de recherche Génétique Cardiovasculaire, EA-4373, Université Henri Poincaré-Nancy 1, Faculté de Pharmacie, Nancy, France
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Tam CHT, Lam VKL, So WY, Ma RCW, Chan JCN, Ng MCY. Genome-wide linkage scan for factors of metabolic syndrome in a Chinese population. BMC Genet 2010; 11:14. [PMID: 20181263 PMCID: PMC2838753 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2156-11-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2009] [Accepted: 02/24/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Shared genetic factors may contribute to the phenotypic clustering of different components of the metabolic syndrome (MES). This study aims to identify genetic loci that contribute to individual or multiple factors related to MES. RESULTS We studied 478 normoglycemic subjects ascertained through 163 families participating in the Hong Kong Family Diabetes Study. Factor analysis on 15 MES-related traits yielded 6 factors including adiposity factor (body mass index, waist and hip circumferences), insulin factor (fasting insulin and insulin AUC during OGTT), glucose factor (fasting glucose and glucose AUC during OGTT), TC-LDLC factor (total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol), blood pressure factor (systolic and diastolic blood pressure) and TG-HDLC factor (triglycerides and HDL-cholesterol). Genome-wide linkage analyses were performed on these factors using variance component approach. Suggestive evidence for linkage (LOD = 1.24 - 2.46) were observed for adiposity factor (chromosome 1 at 187 cM, chromosome 9 at 34 cM and chromosome 17 at 10 cM), insulin factor (chromosome 2 at 128 cM, chromosome 5 at 21 cM and chromosome 12 at 7 cM), glucose factor (chromosome 7 at 155 cM), TC-LDLC factor (chromosome 7 at 151 cM and chromosome 13 at 15 cM) and TG-HDLC factor (chromosome 7 at 155 cM). CONCLUSIONS In summary, our findings suggest the presence of susceptibility loci that influence either single (chromosomes 1, 2, 5, 9, 12, 13 and 17) or multiple factors (chromosome 7) for MES in Hong Kong Chinese without diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia H T Tam
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, The Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Cheng CY, Lee KE, Duggal P, Moore EL, Wilson AF, Klein R, Bailey-Wilson JE, Klein BEK. Genome-wide linkage analysis of multiple metabolic factors: evidence of genetic heterogeneity. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2010; 18:146-52. [PMID: 19444228 PMCID: PMC2866100 DOI: 10.1038/oby.2009.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The metabolic syndrome is a highly complex disease and has become one of the major public-health challenges worldwide. We sought to identify genetic loci with potential influence on multiple metabolic factors in a white population in Beaver Dam, Wisconsin, and to explore the possibility of genetic heterogeneity by family history of diabetes (FHD). Three metabolic factors were generated using principal-component factor analysis, and they represented: (i) glycemia, (ii) blood pressure, and (iii) combined (BMI, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, and serum uric acid) factors. Multipoint model-free linkage analysis of these factors with 385 microsatellite markers was performed on 1,055 sib-pairs, using Haseman-Elston regression. Genome-wide suggestive evidence of linkage was found at 30 cM on chromosome 22q (empirical P (P(e)) = 0.0002) for the glycemia factor, at 188-191 cM on chromosome 1q (P(e) = 0.0007) for the blood pressure factor, and at 82 cM on chromosome 17q (P(e) = 0.0007) for the combined factor. Subset analyses of the families by FHD showed evidence of genetic heterogeneity, with divergent linkage signals in the subsets on at least four chromosomes. We found evidence of genetic heterogeneity by FHD for the three metabolic factors. The results also confirmed findings of previous studies that mapped components of the metabolic syndrome to a chromosome 1q region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Yu Cheng
- Inherited Disease Research Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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14
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Baker AR, Goodloe RJ, Larkin EK, Baechle DJ, Song YE, Phillips LS, Gray-McGuire CL. Multivariate association analysis of the components of metabolic syndrome from the Framingham Heart Study. BMC Proc 2009; 3 Suppl 7:S42. [PMID: 20018034 PMCID: PMC2795941 DOI: 10.1186/1753-6561-3-s7-s42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome, by definition, is the manifestation of multiple, correlated metabolic impairments. It is known to have both strong environmental and genetic contributions. However, isolating genetic variants predisposing to such a complex trait has limitations. Using pedigree data, when available, may well lead to increased ability to detect variants associated with such complex traits. The ability to incorporate multiple correlated traits into a joint analysis may also allow increased detection of associated genes. Therefore, to demonstrate the utility of both univariate and multivariate family-based association analysis and to identify possible genetic variants associated with metabolic syndrome, we performed a scan of the Affymetrix 50 k Human Gene Panel data using 1) each of the traits comprising metabolic syndrome: triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, blood glucose, and body mass index, and 2) a composite trait including all of the above, jointly. Two single-nucleotide polymorphisms within the cholesterol ester transfer protein (CETP) gene remained significant even after correcting for multiple testing in both the univariate (p < 5 x 10-7) and multivariate (p < 5 x 10-9) association analysis. Three genes met significance for multiple traits after correction for multiple testing in the univariate analysis, while five genes remained significant in the multivariate association. We conclude that while both univariate and multivariate family-based association analysis can identify genes of interest, our multivariate approach is less affected by multiple testing correction and yields more significant results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison R Baker
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Division of Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology, Case Western Reserve University, 11400 Euclid Avenue, Suite 260, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - Robert J Goodloe
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Division of Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology, Case Western Reserve University, 11400 Euclid Avenue, Suite 260, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
- Center for Clinical Investigation, Case Western Reserve University, 11400 Euclid Avenue, Suite 260, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - Emma K Larkin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Division of Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology, Case Western Reserve University, 11400 Euclid Avenue, Suite 260, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
- Center for Clinical Investigation, Case Western Reserve University, 11400 Euclid Avenue, Suite 260, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - Dan J Baechle
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Division of Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology, Case Western Reserve University, 11400 Euclid Avenue, Suite 260, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - Yeunjoo E Song
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Division of Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology, Case Western Reserve University, 11400 Euclid Avenue, Suite 260, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - Lynette S Phillips
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Division of Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology, Case Western Reserve University, 11400 Euclid Avenue, Suite 260, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - Courtney L Gray-McGuire
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Division of Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology, Case Western Reserve University, 11400 Euclid Avenue, Suite 260, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
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15
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Basu A, Tang H, Lewis CE, North K, Curb JD, Quertermous T, Mosley TH, Boerwinkle E, Zhu X, Risch NJ. Admixture mapping of quantitative trait loci for blood lipids in African-Americans. Hum Mol Genet 2009; 18:2091-8. [PMID: 19304782 PMCID: PMC2722229 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddp122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2008] [Revised: 01/29/2009] [Accepted: 03/12/2009] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Blood lipid levels, including low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and triglycerides (TG), are highly heritable traits and major risk factors for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD). Using individual ancestry estimates at marker locations across the genome, we present a novel quantitative admixture mapping analysis of all three lipid traits in a large sample of African-Americans from the Family Blood Pressure Program. Regression analysis was performed with both total and marker-location-specific European ancestry as explanatory variables, along with demographic covariates. Robust permutation analysis was used to assess statistical significance. Overall European ancestry was significantly correlated with HDL-C (negatively) and TG (positively), but not with LDL-C. We found strong evidence for a novel locus underlying HDL-C on chromosome 8q, which correlated negatively with European ancestry (P = .0014); the same location also showed positive correlation of European ancestry with TG levels. A region on chromosome 14q also showed significant negative correlation between HDL-C levels and European ancestry. On chromosome 15q, a suggestive negative correlation of European ancestry with TG and positive correlation with HDL-C was observed. Results with LDL-C were less significant overall. We also found significant evidence for genome-wide ancestry effects underlying the joint distribution of HDL-C and TG, not fully explained by the locus on chromosome 8. Our results are consistent with a genetic contribution to and may explain the healthier HDL-C and TG profiles found in Blacks versus Whites. The identified regions provide locations for follow-up studies of genetic variants underlying lipid variation in African-Americans and possibly other populations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Cora E. Lewis
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama, Birmingham, UK
| | - Kari North
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - J. David Curb
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | | | | | - Eric Boerwinkle
- School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xiaofeng Zhu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Neil J. Risch
- Institute for Human Genetics
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, Room 901F HSW, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Kaiser Permanente Division of Research, Oakland, CA, USA
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16
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Voruganti VS, Nath SD, Cole SA, Thameem F, Jowett JB, Bauer R, MacCluer JW, Blangero J, Comuzzie AG, Abboud HE, Arar NH. Genetics of variation in serum uric acid and cardiovascular risk factors in Mexican Americans. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2009; 94:632-8. [PMID: 19001525 PMCID: PMC2646516 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2008-0682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2008] [Accepted: 10/31/2008] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Elevated serum uric acid is associated with several cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors such as hypertension, inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and obesity. However, the role of uric acid as an independent risk factor for CVD is not yet clear. OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to localize quantitative trait loci regulating variation in serum uric acid and also establish the relationship between serum uric acid and other CVD risk factors in Mexican Americans (n = 848; men = 310, women = 538) participating in the San Antonio Family Heart Study. METHODS Quantitative genetic analysis was conducted using variance components decomposition method, implemented in the software program SOLAR. RESULTS Mean +/- SD of serum uric acid was 5.35 +/- 1.38 mg/dl. Univariate genetic analysis showed serum uric acid and other CVD risk markers to be significantly heritable (P < 0.005). Bivariate analysis showed significant correlation of serum uric acid with body mass index, waist circumference, waist/hip ratio, total body fat, plasma insulin, serum triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, C-reactive protein, and granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (P < 0.05). A genome-wide scan for detecting quantitative trait loci regulating serum uric acid variation showed a significant logarithm of odds (LOD) score of 4.72 (empirical LOD score = 4.62; P < 0.00001) on chromosome 3p26. One LOD support interval contains 25 genes, of which an interesting candidate gene is chemokine receptor 2. SUMMARY There is a significant genetic component in the variation in serum uric acid and evidence of pleiotropy between serum uric acid and other cardiovascular risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Saroja Voruganti
- Department of Genetics, Southwest Foundation for Biomedical Research, P.O. Box 760549, San Antonio, Texas 78227, USA.
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17
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Serre-Beinier V, Bosco D, Zulianello L, Charollais A, Caille D, Charpantier E, Gauthier BR, Diaferia GR, Giepmans BN, Lupi R, Marchetti P, Deng S, Buhler L, Berney T, Cirulli V, Meda P. Cx36 makes channels coupling human pancreatic beta-cells, and correlates with insulin expression. Hum Mol Genet 2009; 18:428-39. [PMID: 19000992 PMCID: PMC2638800 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddn370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have documented that the insulin-producing beta-cells of laboratory rodents are coupled by gap junction channels made solely of the connexin36 (Cx36) protein, and have shown that loss of this protein desynchronizes beta-cells, leading to secretory defects reminiscent of those observed in type 2 diabetes. Since human islets differ in several respects from those of laboratory rodents, we have now screened human pancreas, and islets isolated thereof, for expression of a variety of connexin genes, tested whether the cognate proteins form functional channels for islet cell exchanges, and assessed whether this expression changes with beta-cell function in islets of control and type 2 diabetics. Here, we show that (i) different connexin isoforms are differentially distributed in the exocrine and endocrine parts of the human pancreas; (ii) human islets express at the transcript level different connexin isoforms; (iii) the membrane of beta-cells harbors detectable levels of gap junctions made of Cx36; (iv) this protein is concentrated in lipid raft domains of the beta-cell membrane where it forms gap junctions; (v) Cx36 channels allow for the preferential exchange of cationic molecules between human beta-cells; (vi) the levels of Cx36 mRNA correlated with the expression of the insulin gene in the islets of both control and type 2 diabetics. The data show that Cx36 is a native protein of human pancreatic islets, which mediates the coupling of the insulin-producing beta-cells, and contributes to control beta-cell function by modulating gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Domenico Bosco
- Cell Isolation and Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Laurence Zulianello
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva School of Medicine, CMU 1, rue Michel-Servet, 1211 Geneva 4, CH, Switzerland
| | - Anne Charollais
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva School of Medicine, CMU 1, rue Michel-Servet, 1211 Geneva 4, CH, Switzerland
| | - Dorothée Caille
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva School of Medicine, CMU 1, rue Michel-Servet, 1211 Geneva 4, CH, Switzerland
| | - Eric Charpantier
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva School of Medicine, CMU 1, rue Michel-Servet, 1211 Geneva 4, CH, Switzerland
| | - Benoit R. Gauthier
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva School of Medicine, CMU 1, rue Michel-Servet, 1211 Geneva 4, CH, Switzerland
| | - Giuseppe R. Diaferia
- Islet Research Laboratory, The Whittier Institute for Diabetes, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ben N. Giepmans
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Roberto Lupi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Piero Marchetti
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Shaoping Deng
- Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Léo Buhler
- Surgical Research Unit, Department of Surgery
| | - Thierry Berney
- Cell Isolation and Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Vincenzo Cirulli
- Islet Research Laboratory, The Whittier Institute for Diabetes, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Paolo Meda
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva School of Medicine, CMU 1, rue Michel-Servet, 1211 Geneva 4, CH, Switzerland
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18
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Edwards KL, Hutter CM, Wan JY, Kim H, Monks SA. Genome-wide linkage scan for the metabolic syndrome: the GENNID study. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2008; 16:1596-601. [PMID: 18421265 DOI: 10.1038/oby.2008.236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
In the United States, the metabolic syndrome (MetS) constitutes a major public health problem with over 47 million persons meeting clinical criteria for MetS. Numerous studies have suggested genetic susceptibility to MetS. The goals of this study were (i) to identify susceptibility loci for MetS in well-characterized families with type 2 diabetes (T2D) in four ethnic groups and (ii) to determine whether evidence for linkage varies across the four groups. The GENNID study (Genetics of NIDDM) is a multicenter study established by the American Diabetes Association in 1993 and comprises a comprehensive, well-characterized resource of T2D families from four ethnic groups (whites, Mexican Americans, African Americans, and Japanese Americans). Principal component factor analysis (PCFA) was used to define quantitative phenotypes of the MetS. Variance components linkage analysis was conducted using microsatellite markers from a 10-cM genome-wide linkage scan, separately in each of the four ethnic groups. Three quantitative MetS factors were identified by PCFA and used as phenotypes for MetS: (i) a weight/waist factor, (ii) a blood pressure factor, and (iii) a lipid factor. Evidence for linkage to each of these factors was observed. For each ethnic group, our results suggest that several regions harbor susceptibility genes for the MetS. The strongest evidence for linkage for MetS phenotypes was observed on chromosome 2 (2q12.1-2q13) in the white sample and on chromosome 3 (3q26.1-3q29) in the Mexican-American sample. In conclusion, the results suggest that several regions harbor MetS susceptibility genes and that heterogeneity may exist across groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen L Edwards
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Community Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.
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19
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Genome-wide linkage analysis for circulating levels of adipokines and C-reactive protein in the Quebec family study (QFS). J Hum Genet 2008; 53:629. [PMID: 18414778 DOI: 10.1007/s10038-008-0291-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2008] [Accepted: 03/24/2008] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Adipose tissue synthesizes and secretes a wide range of biologically active molecules considered as inflammatory markers whose dysregulation in obesity plays a role in the development of insulin resistance and vascular disorders. Thus, finding genes that influence circulating levels of inflammatory biomarkers may provide insights into the genetic determinants of obesity-related metabolic diseases. We performed linkage analyses for fasting plasma levels of adiponectin, C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor-necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) in 764 subjects enrolled in the Quebec family study (QFS). A maximum of 393 pairs of siblings from 211 nuclear families were available for analyses. A total of 443 markers spanning the 22 autosomal chromosomes with an average inter-marker distance of 6.24 Mb were genotyped. Linkage was tested using both allele-sharing (SIBPAL) and variance component linkage methods (MERLIN). We showed suggestive evidence of linkage for plasma adiponectin levels on chromosome 15q21.1 [D15S659; logarithm of the odds (LOD) score = 2.23], 3q13.33 (D3S3023; LOD = 2.09), 20q13.2 (D20S197; LOD = 1.96) and 14q32.2 (D14S1426; LOD = 1.79). Evidence of linkage (SIBPAL) was also found for CRP on 12p11.23 (P = 0.001) and 12q15 (P = 0.0005) and for IL-6 on 14q12 (P = 0.002). None of these linkages remained significant after adjustment for body mass index. No evidence of linkage was found for TNF-alpha plasma levels. These results suggest that several QTLs can influence plasma levels of adiponectin and CRP, partly via their effects on adiposity.
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20
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Sandhofer A, Tatarczyk T, Laimer M, Ritsch A, Kaser S, Paulweber B, Ebenbichler CF, Patsch JR. The Taq1B-variant in the cholesteryl ester-transfer protein gene and the risk of metabolic syndrome. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2008; 16:919-22. [PMID: 18239576 DOI: 10.1038/oby.2007.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The metabolic syndrome is associated with low high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) and decreased low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particle size. The Taq1B-polymorphism in the cholesteryl ester-transfer protein (CETP)-gene influences HDL-C, CETP concentration, and LDL-size. We investigated the effect of the Taq1B-polymorphism on the risk of the metabolic syndrome in 1,503 participants (973 men, 530 women) of the Salzburg Atherosclerosis Prevention program in subjects at High Individual Risk study. CETP concentration was determined in a subgroup (n = 486) by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome was 16.7% (18.5% in men, 13.5% in women). The Taq1B-polymorphism influenced significantly CETP concentrations, HDL-C levels, and LDL-size (P < 0.001 for all). The relative risk of the metabolic syndrome was reduced by 32% (odds ratio (OR) 0.68 (95% CI: 0.51-0.89), P = 0.005) in carriers of the B2 variant. This risk reduction persisted after adjustment for age and sex (OR 0.69 (0.53-0.92), P = 0.01) and after further adjustment for body mass index, waist-to-hip ratio, blood pressure, insulin resistance (IR), HDL-C, and triglycerides (TGs) (OR 0.43 (0.26-0.72), P = 0.001). Furthermore, the risk reduction was more pronounced in men than in women. We conclude that CETP plays an important role in the metabolic syndrome, possibly involving novel functions of CETP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton Sandhofer
- Clinical Department of Internal Medicine, Clinical Division of General Internal Medicine, Medical University Innsbruck, Anichstrasse, Innsbruck, Austria.
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21
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Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a common phenotype, affecting about 24% of the US population. It is associated with an increased risk for type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Although there is no universally accepted definition for MetS, affected individuals commonly have a cluster of features, including abdominal obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and dysglycemia. Recently, there has been extensive interest in potential genetic contributions to MetS. At present, no single gene or cluster of genes has been consistently replicated for MetS among different populations, likely due to the complex interplay between gene and environment necessary for expression of this phenotype. We review recent studies regarding the genetic contributions to MetS.
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Bouchard L, Bouchard C, Chagnon YC, Perusse L. Evidence of linkage and association with body fatness and abdominal fat on chromosome 15q26. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2007; 15:2061-70. [PMID: 17712124 DOI: 10.1038/oby.2007.245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In the present study, we undertook a two-step fine mapping of a 20-megabase region around a quantitative trait locus previously reported on chromosome 15q26 for abdominal subcutaneous fat (ASF) in an extended sample of 707 subjects from 202 families from the Quebec Family Study. RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURE First, 19 microsatellites (in addition to the 7 markers initially available on 15q24-q26; total = 26) were genotyped and tested for linkage with abdominal total fat, abdominal visceral fat, and ASF assessed by computed tomography and with fat mass (FM) using variance component-based approach on age- and sex-adjusted phenotypes. Second, 16 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were genotyped and tested for association using family-based association tests. RESULTS After the fine mapping, the peak logarithm of odds ratio (LOD) score (marker D15S1004) increased from 2.79 to 3.26 for ASF and from 3.52 to 4.48 for FM, whereas for abdominal total fat, the peak linkage (marker D15S996) decreased from 2.22 to 1.53. No evidence of linkage was found for abdominal visceral fat. Overall, for genotyped SNPs, three variants located in the putative MCTP2 gene were significantly associated with FM and the three abdominal fat phenotypes (p <or= 0.05). The major allele and genotype of rs1424695 were associated with higher adiposity values (p < 0.004). The same trend was found for the two other polymorphisms (p < 0.05). None of the other SNPs was associated with adiposity phenotypes. The linkage for FM became non-significant (LOD = 0.84) after adjustment for the MCTP2 polymorphisms, whereas the one for ASF remained unchanged. DISCUSSION These results suggest that the MCTP2 gene, located on chromosome 15q26, influences adiposity. Other studies will be needed to investigate the function of the MCTP2 gene and its role in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Bouchard
- Lipid Research Center, Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods Institute, Laval University, Canada
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23
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Bouchard L, Tchernof A, Deshaies Y, Marceau S, Lescelleur O, Biron S, Vohl MC. ZFP36: a promising candidate gene for obesity-related metabolic complications identified by converging genomics. Obes Surg 2007; 17:372-82. [PMID: 17546847 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-007-9067-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few genes have been associated with the metabolic syndrome (MS), although its genetic component is well accepted. The aim of this study was to compare the adipose tissue gene expression profiles of obese men with and without the MS and to apply an integrative genomic approach to propose new candidate genes. METHODS Affymetrix HG-U133 plus 2 arrays have been used for expression profiling of omental adipose tissue of non-diabetic obese men with (n=7) and without (n=7) the MS, as defined by the NCEP-ATPIII, that undergo a bariatric operation. RESULTS Omentum expresses a total of 23 055 transcripts. Overall, 489 genes were differentially expressed between the two groups. A total of 80 differentially expressed genes were located within a previously identified region of linkage. In this subset of genes, zinc finger protein 36 (ZFP36) gene has been identified as the most promising genetic target for the MS-based mean fold expression differences and on biological plausibility. 2 out of 5 identified ZFP36 gene polymorphisms have been genotyped in a cohort of 698 obese subjects. The minor allele of these polymorphisms was associated with a lower body weight in women (rs251864; P< or =0.01) and glucose level in men (c.1564_1565delTT; P<0.05). The haplogenotype was associated with plasma LDL-cholesterol levels in men and women (P< or =0.02), and weight in women (P< or =0.05). The haplogenotype was also associated with omental adipose tissue ZFP36 mRNA levels (n=83 women; P=0.02), and explained 10.1% of its variance. CONCLUSION These results suggest that converging genomics is helpful to prioritize MS-related candidate genes and that ZFP36 is a promising candidate gene for obesity-associated metabolic complications.
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