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Ciarelli J, Thangaraj SV, Sun H, Domke S, Alkhatib B, Vyas AK, Gregg B, Sargis RM, Padmanabhan V. Developmental programming: An exploratory analysis of pancreatic islet compromise in female sheep resulting from gestational BPA exposure. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2024; 588:112202. [PMID: 38552943 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2024.112202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Developmental exposure to endocrine disruptors like bisphenol A (BPA) are implicated in later-life metabolic dysfunction. Leveraging a unique sheep model of developmental programming, we conducted an exploratory analysis of the programming effects of BPA on the endocrine pancreas. Pregnant ewes were administered environmentally relevant doses of BPA during gestational days (GD) 30-90, and pancreata from female fetuses and adult offspring were analyzed. Prenatal BPA exposure induced a trend toward decreased islet insulin staining and β-cell count, increased glucagon staining and α-cell count, and increased α-cell/β-cell ratio. Findings were most consistent in fetal pancreata assessed at GD90 and in adult offspring exposed to the lowest BPA dose. While not assessed in fetuses, adult islet fibrosis was increased. Collectively, these data provide further evidence that early-life BPA exposure is a likely threat to human metabolic health. Future studies should corroborate these findings and decipher the molecular mechanisms of BPA's developmental endocrine toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Ciarelli
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Haijing Sun
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Stephanie Domke
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Bashar Alkhatib
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University, St. Louis, USA
| | | | - Brigid Gregg
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Robert M Sargis
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Medicine, Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
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Jeong DH, Jung DW, Lee HS. Confirmation of the steroid hormone receptor-mediated endocrine disrupting potential of fenvalerate following the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development test guidelines, and its estrogen receptor α-dependent effects on lipid accumulation. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2024; 283:109955. [PMID: 38844189 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2024.109955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
In this study, we focused on confirming the steroid hormone receptor-mediated endocrine-disrupting potential of the pyrethroid insecticide fenvalerate and unraveling the underlying mechanisms. Therefore, we assessed estrogen receptor-α (ERα)- and androgen receptor (AR)-mediated responses in vitro using a hormone response element-dependent transcription activation assay with a luciferase reporter following the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) test guidelines. We observed that fenvalerate acted as estrogen by inducing the translocation of cytosolic ERα to the nucleus via ERα dimerization, whereas it exhibited no AR-mediated androgen response element-dependent luciferase activity. Furthermore, we confirmed that fenvalerate-induced activation of ERα caused lipid accumulation, promoted in a fenvalerate-dependent manner in 3 T3-L1 adipocytes. Moreover, fenvalerate-induced lipid accumulation was inhibited in the presence of an ERα-selective antagonist, whereas it remained unaffected in the presence of a glucocorticoid receptor (GR)-specific inhibitor. In addition, fenvalerate was found to stimulate the expression of transcription factors that promote lipid accumulation in 3 T1-L1 adipocytes, and co-treatment with an ERα-selective antagonist suppressed adipogenic/ lipogenic transcription factors at both mRNA and protein levels. These findings suggest that fenvalerate exposure may lead to lipid accumulation by interfering with ERα activation-dependent processes, thus causing an ERα-mediated endocrine-disrupting effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Hyun Jeong
- GreenTech-based Food Safety Research Group, BK21 Four, Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Da-Woon Jung
- GreenTech-based Food Safety Research Group, BK21 Four, Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Seok Lee
- GreenTech-based Food Safety Research Group, BK21 Four, Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Republic of Korea; Department of Food Safety and Regulatory Science, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Republic of Korea.
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3
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Irvine N, Bell RC, Subhan FB, Field CJ, Liu J, MacDonald AM, Kinniburgh DW, Martin JW, Dewey D, England-Mason G. Maternal pre-pregnancy BMI influences the associations between bisphenol and phthalate exposures and maternal weight changes and fat accumulation. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 257:119276. [PMID: 38830392 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.119276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bisphenols and phthalates are two classes of endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) thought to influence weight and adiposity. Limited research has investigated their influence on maternal weight changes, and no prior work has examined maternal fat mass. We examined the associations between exposure to these chemicals during pregnancy and multiple maternal weight and fat mass outcomes. METHODS This study included a sample of 318 women enrolled in a Canadian prospective pregnancy cohort. Second trimester urinary concentrations of 2 bisphenols and 12 phthalate metabolites were quantified. Self-reported and measured maternal weights and measured skinfold thicknesses were used to calculate gestational weight gain, 3-months and 3- to 5-years postpartum weight retention, late pregnancy fat mass gain, total postpartum fat mass loss, and late postpartum fat mass retention. Adjusted robust regressions examined associations between chemicals and outcomes in the entire study population and sub-groups stratified by pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI). Bayesian kernel machine regression examined chemical mixture effects. RESULTS Among women with underweight or normal pre-pregnancy BMIs, MBzP was negatively associated with weight retention at 3- to 5-years postpartum (B = -0.04, 95%CI: -0.07, -0.01). Among women with overweight or obese pre-pregnancy BMIs, MEHP and MMP were positively associated with weight retention at 3-months and 3- to 5-years postpartum, respectively (B's = 0.12 to 0.63, 95%CIs: 0.02, 1.07). DEHP metabolites and MCNP were positively associated with late pregnancy fat mass gain and late postpartum fat mass retention (B's = 0.04 to 0.18, 95%CIs: 0.001, 0.32). Further, the mixture of EDCs was positively associated with late pregnancy fat mass gain. CONCLUSION In this cohort, pre-pregnancy BMI was a key determinant of the associations between second trimester exposure to bisphenols and phthalates and maternal weight changes and fat accumulation. Investigations of underlying physiological mechanisms, windows of susceptibility, and impacts on maternal and infant health are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Irvine
- Bachelor of Health Sciences Program, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Rhonda C Bell
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Fatheema B Subhan
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Department of Nutrition and Food Science, California State Polytechnic University, Pomona, California, United States
| | - Catherine J Field
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jiaying Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Amy M MacDonald
- Alberta Centre for Toxicology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - David W Kinniburgh
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Alberta Centre for Toxicology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jonathan W Martin
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department Environmental Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Deborah Dewey
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Owerko Centre, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary. Alberta, Canada; Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Gillian England-Mason
- Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Owerko Centre, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary. Alberta, Canada.
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Kulsange SE, Sharma M, Sonawane B, Jaiswal MR, Kulkarni MJ, Santhakumari B. SWATH-MS reveals that bisphenol A and its analogs regulate pathways leading to disruption in insulin signaling and fatty acid metabolism. Food Chem Toxicol 2024; 188:114667. [PMID: 38653447 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2024.114667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is an endocrine-disrupting chemical (EDC), associated with obesity and insulin resistance. The FDA prohibited the use of BPA-based polycarbonate resins in infant formula packaging; thus, its analogs, viz. Bisphenol S (BPS) and Bisphenol F (BPF) were considered alternatives in epoxy resins, plastics, and food cans. As these analogs might evoke a similar response, we investigated the role of Bisphenols (BPA, BPF, and BPS), on insulin signaling in CHO-HIRc-myc-GLUT4eGFP cells at environmentally relevant concentrations of 2 nM and 200 nM. Insulin signaling demonstrated that Bisphenols reduced phosphorylation of IR and AKT2, GLUT4 translocation, and glucose uptake. This was accompanied by increased oxidative stress. Furthermore, SWATH-MS-based proteomics of 3T3-L1 cells demonstrated that Bisphenol-treated cells regulate proteins in insulin resistance, adipogenesis, and fatty acid metabolism pathways differently. All three Bisphenols induced differentially expressed proteins enriched similar pathways, although their abundance differed for each Bisphenol. This might be due to their varying toxicity level, structural differences, and estrogen-mimetic activity. This study has important implications in addressing health concerns related to EDCs. Given that the analogs of BPA are considered alternatives to BPA, the findings of this study suggest they are equally potent in altering fatty acid metabolism and inducing insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shabda E Kulsange
- Biochemical Sciences Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune 411008, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Monika Sharma
- Biochemical Sciences Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune 411008, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Babasaheb Sonawane
- Biochemical Sciences Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune 411008, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Meera R Jaiswal
- Biochemical Sciences Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune 411008, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Mahesh J Kulkarni
- Biochemical Sciences Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune 411008, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
| | - B Santhakumari
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India; Centre for Material Characterization, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune 411008, India.
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5
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Serrano QA, Le Garf S, Martin V, Colson SS, Chevalier N. Is Physical Activity an Efficient Strategy to Control the Adverse Effects of Persistent Organic Pollutants in the Context of Obesity? A Narrative Review. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:883. [PMID: 38255955 PMCID: PMC10815489 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25020883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity affects nearly 660 million adults worldwide and is known for its many comorbidities. Although the phenomenon of obesity is not fully understood, science regularly reveals new determinants of this pathology. Among them, persistent organic pollutants (POPs) have been recently highlighted. Mainly lipophilic, POPs are normally stored in adipose tissue and can lead to adverse metabolic effects when released into the bloodstream. The main objective of this narrative review is to discuss the different pathways by which physical activity may counteract POPs' adverse effects. The research that we carried out seems to indicate that physical activity could positively influence several pathways negatively influenced by POPs, such as insulin resistance, inflammation, lipid accumulation, adipogenesis, and gut microbiota dysbiosis, that are associated with the development of obesity. This review also indicates how, through the controlled mobilization of POPs, physical activity could be a valuable approach to reduce the concentration of POPs in the bloodstream. These findings suggest that physical activity should be used to counteract the adverse effects of POPs. However, future studies should accurately assess its impact in specific situations such as bariatric surgery, where weight loss promotes POPs' blood release.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Vincent Martin
- Université Clermont Auvergne, AME2P, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France;
- Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), 75005 Paris, France
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Dalamaga M, Kounatidis D, Tsilingiris D, Vallianou NG, Karampela I, Psallida S, Papavassiliou AG. The Role of Endocrine Disruptors Bisphenols and Phthalates in Obesity: Current Evidence, Perspectives and Controversies. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:675. [PMID: 38203845 PMCID: PMC10779569 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Excess body weight constitutes one of the major health challenges for societies and healthcare systems worldwide. Besides the type of diet, calorie intake and the lack of physical exercise, recent data have highlighted a possible association between endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), such as bisphenol A, phthalates and their analogs, and obesity. EDCs represent a heterogeneous group of chemicals that may influence the hormonal regulation of body mass and adipose tissue morphology. Based on the available data from mechanistic, animal and epidemiological studies including meta-analyses, the weight of evidence points towards the contribution of EDCs to the development of obesity, associated disorders and obesity-related adipose tissue dysfunction by (1) impacting adipogenesis; (2) modulating epigenetic pathways during development, enhancing susceptibility to obesity; (3) influencing neuroendocrine signals responsible for appetite and satiety; (4) promoting a proinflammatory milieu in adipose tissue and inducing a state of chronic subclinical inflammation; (5) dysregulating gut microbiome and immune homeostasis; and (6) inducing dysfunction in thermogenic adipose tissue. Critical periods of exposure to obesogenic EDCs are the prenatal, neonatal, pubertal and reproductive periods. Interestingly, EDCs even at low doses may promote epigenetic transgenerational inheritance of adult obesity in subsequent generations. The aim of this review is to summarize the available evidence on the role of obesogenic EDCs, specifically BPA and phthalate plasticizers, in the development of obesity, taking into account in vitro, animal and epidemiologic studies; discuss mechanisms linking EDCs to obesity; analyze the effects of EDCs on obesity in critical chronic periods of exposure; and present interesting perspectives, challenges and preventive measures in this research area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Dalamaga
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Kounatidis
- Department of Internal Medicine, ‘Evangelismos’ General Hospital, 10676 Athens, Greece; (D.K.); (N.G.V.)
| | - Dimitrios Tsilingiris
- First Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece;
| | - Natalia G. Vallianou
- Department of Internal Medicine, ‘Evangelismos’ General Hospital, 10676 Athens, Greece; (D.K.); (N.G.V.)
| | - Irene Karampela
- Second Department of Critical Care, ‘Attikon’ General University Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece;
| | - Sotiria Psallida
- Department of Microbiology, ‘KAT’ General Hospital of Attica, 14561 Athens, Greece;
| | - Athanasios G. Papavassiliou
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
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Kashiwabara L, Pirard L, Debier C, Crocker D, Khudyakov J. Effects of cortisol, epinephrine, and bisphenol contaminants on the transcriptional landscape of marine mammal blubber. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2023; 325:R504-R522. [PMID: 37602383 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00165.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Top ocean predators such as marine mammals are threatened by intensifying anthropogenic activity, and understanding the combined effects of multiple stressors on their physiology is critical for conservation efforts. We investigated potential interactions between stress hormones and bisphenol contaminants in a model marine mammal, the northern elephant seal (NES). We exposed precision-cut adipose tissue slices (PCATS) from blubber of weaned NES pups to cortisol (CORT), epinephrine (EPI), bisphenol A (BPA), bisphenol S (BPS), or their combinations (CORT-EPI, BPA-EPI, and BPS-EPI) ex vivo and identified hundreds of genes that were differentially regulated in response to these treatments. CORT altered expression of genes associated with lipolysis and adipogenesis, whereas EPI and CORT-EPI-regulated genes were associated with responses to hormones, lipid and protein turnover, immune function, and transcriptional and epigenetic regulation of gene expression, suggesting that EPI has wide-ranging and prolonged impacts on the transcriptional landscape and function of blubber. Bisphenol treatments alone had a weak impact on gene expression compared with stress hormones. However, the combination of EPI with bisphenols altered expression of genes associated with inflammation, cell stress, DNA damage, regulation of nuclear hormone receptor activity, cell cycle, mitochondrial function, primary ciliogenesis, and lipid metabolism in blubber. Our results suggest that CORT, EPI, bisphenols, and their combinations impact cellular, immune, and metabolic homeostasis in marine mammal blubber, which may affect the ability of marine mammals to sustain prolonged fasting during reproduction and migration, renew tissues, and mount appropriate responses to immune challenges and additional stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Kashiwabara
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of the Pacific, Stockton, California, United States
| | - Laura Pirard
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la Neuve, Belgium
| | - Cathy Debier
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la Neuve, Belgium
| | - Daniel Crocker
- Department of Biology, Sonoma State University, Rohnert Park, California, United States
| | - Jane Khudyakov
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of the Pacific, Stockton, California, United States
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Heimann M, Elashry MI, Klymiuk MC, Eldaey A, Wenisch S, Arnhold S. Optimizing the Adipogenic Induction Protocol Using Rosiglitazone Improves the Physiological Parameters and Differentiation Capacity of Adipose Tissue-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Horses, Sheep, Dogs, Murines, and Humans. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3224. [PMID: 37893949 PMCID: PMC10603751 DOI: 10.3390/ani13203224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The investigation of adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs) has received considerable interest in regenerative medicine. A nontoxic adipogenic induction protocol valid for cells of different mammalian species has not been described. This study aims to establish an adipogenic differentiation protocol suitable for horses, sheep, dogs, murines, and human cells. An optimized rosiglitazone protocol, consisting of 5% fetal calf serum in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium, 10 μg/mL insulin, 0.55 μg/mL transferrin, 6.8 ng sodium selenite, 1 μM dexamethasone, and 1-5 μM of rosiglitazone, is compared to the 3-isobutyl-1-methylxantine (IBMX) protocol, where rosiglitazone was replaced with 0.5 mM IBMX and 0.2 mM indomethacin. Cell viability, cytotoxicity, a morphometric analysis of the lipid, and the expression of adipogenic markers for 14 days were assessed. The data revealed that using 5 µM of rosiglitazone promotes the adipogenic differentiation capacity in horse, sheep, and dog cells compared to IBMX induction. Meanwhile, marked reductions in the cell viability and cell number with the IBMX protocol were detected, and rosiglitazone increased the cell number and lipid droplet size, prevented apoptosis, and upregulated FABP-4 and Leptin expression in the cells of most of the species. Our data revealed that the rosiglitazone protocol improves the adipogenesis of ASCs, together with having less toxicity, and should be considered for cell reproducibility and clinical applications targeting obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Heimann
- Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (M.H.); (M.C.K.); (S.A.)
| | - Mohamed I. Elashry
- Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (M.H.); (M.C.K.); (S.A.)
| | - Michele C. Klymiuk
- Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (M.H.); (M.C.K.); (S.A.)
| | - Asmaa Eldaey
- Clinic of Small Animals, c/o Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (A.E.); (S.W.)
| | - Sabine Wenisch
- Clinic of Small Animals, c/o Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (A.E.); (S.W.)
| | - Stefan Arnhold
- Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (M.H.); (M.C.K.); (S.A.)
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Wang G, Huang Y, Gao Y, Chen G, Cui L, Peng Y, Sun Q. The fat accumulation promotion effects of dihydrxytetraphenylmethane and its underlying mechanisms via transcriptome analysis. Curr Res Food Sci 2023; 7:100534. [PMID: 37441166 PMCID: PMC10333433 DOI: 10.1016/j.crfs.2023.100534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Dihydrxytetraphenylmethane, also known as Bisphenol BP (BPBP), has been increasingly used in industrial production and more frequently detected in the environment as an alternative plasticizer of BPA. However, there are no reports about BPBP in food safety or its effects on cellular lipogenesis. The purpose of this research was to investigate the influence and potential mechanisms of BPBP on adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells. Cells were treated with 4 concentrations (0.01, 0.1, 1, and 10 μM) of BPBP and the results showed that treatment with at low concentrations (0.01 μM) promoted cell fat differentiation and triglyceride accumulation. RNA-seq data showed that a total of 370 differentially expressed genes between control and the low-dose BPBP-treated group were determined, including 227 upregulated genes and 143 downregulated genes. Some key genes related to adipocyte differentiation and adipogenesis were significantly enriched after BPBP treatment, including PPAR-γ, Adipoq, Nr1h3 and Plin1. Pathway analyses suggest that the activation of PPAR-γ signaling pathway may be key for BPBP to promote adipocyte differentiation and fat accumulation. Our work provides evidence for the potential obesogenic effect of BPBP and may call for further research on the safety of the chemical in food products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Wang
- Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao Special Administrative Region of China, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yichao Huang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Yanpeng Gao
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development of the Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Ge Chen
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Leqi Cui
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA
| | - Ye Peng
- Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao Special Administrative Region of China, China
| | - Quancai Sun
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
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10
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Nagar N, Saxena H, Pathak A, Mishra A, Poluri KM. A review on structural mechanisms of protein-persistent organic pollutant (POP) interactions. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 332:138877. [PMID: 37164191 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
With the advent of the industrial revolution, the accumulation of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in the environment has become ubiquitous. POPs are halogen-containing organic molecules that accumulate, and remain in the environment for a long time, thus causing toxic effects in living organisms. POPs exhibit a high affinity towards biological macromolecules such as nucleic acids, proteins and lipids, causing genotoxicity and impairment of homeostasis in living organisms. Proteins are essential members of the biological assembly, as they stipulate all necessary processes for the survival of an organism. Owing to their stereochemical features, POPs and their metabolites form energetically favourable complexes with proteins, as supported by biological and dose-dependent toxicological studies. Although individual studies have reported the biological aspects of protein-POP interactions, no comprehensive study summarizing the structural mechanisms, thermodynamics and kinetics of protein-POP complexes is available. The current review identifies and classifies protein-POP interaction according to the structural and functional basis of proteins into five major protein targets, including digestive and other enzymes, serum proteins, transcription factors, transporters, and G-protein coupled receptors. Further, analysis detailing the molecular interactions and structural mechanism evidenced that H-bonds, van der Waals, and hydrophobic interactions essentially mediate the formation of protein-POP complexes. Moreover, interaction of POPs alters the protein conformation through kinetic and thermodynamic processes like competitive inhibition and allostery to modulate the cellular signalling processes, resulting in various pathological conditions such as cancers and inflammations. In summary, the review provides a comprehensive insight into the critical structural/molecular aspects of protein-POP interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nupur Nagar
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, 247667, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Harshi Saxena
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, 247667, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Aakanksha Pathak
- Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, 247667, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Amit Mishra
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Unit, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Jodhpur, 342011, Rajasthan, India
| | - Krishna Mohan Poluri
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, 247667, Uttarakhand, India; Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, 247667, Uttarakhand, India.
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11
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Soop GL, Husøy T, Wojewodzic MW, Hjertholm H, Spyropoulou A, Katsanou ES, Batakis P, Kyriakopoulou K, Machera K, Dirven H, Lindeman B, Duale N. Transcriptional analysis in peripheral blood cells of individuals with elevated phthalate exposure - Results of the EuroMix study. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 222:115377. [PMID: 36709869 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to phthalates is widespread in Europe. Phthalates are considered endocrine disrupting compounds and are classified as toxic for reproduction. However how phthalates affect the transcriptome in humans remains largely unknown. To investigate the effects of phthalate exposure on the transcriptomic profile we conducted RNA sequencing on peripheral blood samples from the Norwegian EuroMix cohort. We compared gene expression changes between participants with high, medium, and low exposure of six phthalates and 1,2-cyclohexane dicarboxylic acid diisononyl ester (DINCH). Comparing high and low exposure groups, DINCH was the compound that showed the highest number of differentially expressed genes (126 genes) followed by mono-n-butyl phthalate (MnBP; 89 genes) and mono-iso-nonyl phthalate (MiBP; 70 genes). Distributions between up- or down-regulated genes were similar across the different phthalates and DINCH. All phthalates including DINCH shared common differentially expressed genes ranging from 3 to 37 overlaps. Enriched Gene Ontology (GO) and biological pathway analysis revealed that most of the differentially expressed genes were associated with general cellular metabolism GO terms. MnBP and DINCH, particularly, showed a marked enrichment in various immunological function pathways including neutrophil degranulation, adaptive immune system and signaling by interleukins. Furthermore, the association between genes involved in the peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR) signaling pathway and phthalates, including DINCH, was evaluated. In total, 15 genes showed positive or negative associations across 5 phthalates and DINCH. MnBP and MiBP were the phthalate metabolites with the highest number of associations: 8 and 4 PPAR signaling pathway genes, respectively. Overall, we have performed an association study between phthalate exposure levels and modulation of transcriptomic profiles in human peripheral blood cells. DINCH, which is often mentioned as a substitute for phthalates, had comparable effects on differential gene expression in peripheral blood cells as phthalates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graciela López Soop
- Department of Climate and Environment, Division of Chemical Toxicology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Lovisenberggate 8, Oslo, Norway
| | - Trine Husøy
- Department of Climate and Environment, Division of Food Safety, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Lovisenberggate 8, Oslo, Norway
| | - Marcin Wlodzimierz Wojewodzic
- Department of Climate and Environment, Division of Chemical Toxicology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Lovisenberggate 8, Oslo, Norway
| | - Hege Hjertholm
- Department of Climate and Environment, Division of Chemical Toxicology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Lovisenberggate 8, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anastasia Spyropoulou
- Benaki Phytopathological Institute, Laboratory of Toxicological Control of Pesticides, 8th Stefanou Delta Str., Kifissia, Attica, Greece
| | - Effrosyni S Katsanou
- Benaki Phytopathological Institute, Laboratory of Toxicological Control of Pesticides, 8th Stefanou Delta Str., Kifissia, Attica, Greece; European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy
| | - Petros Batakis
- Benaki Phytopathological Institute, Laboratory of Toxicological Control of Pesticides, 8th Stefanou Delta Str., Kifissia, Attica, Greece
| | - Katerina Kyriakopoulou
- Phytopathological Institute, Laboratory of Environmental Control of Pesticides, 8th Stefanou Delta Str., Kifissia, Attica, Greece
| | - Kyriaki Machera
- Benaki Phytopathological Institute, Laboratory of Toxicological Control of Pesticides, 8th Stefanou Delta Str., Kifissia, Attica, Greece
| | - Hubert Dirven
- Department of Climate and Environment, Division of Chemical Toxicology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Lovisenberggate 8, Oslo, Norway
| | - Birgitte Lindeman
- Department of Climate and Environment, Division of Chemical Toxicology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Lovisenberggate 8, Oslo, Norway
| | - Nur Duale
- Department of Climate and Environment, Division of Chemical Toxicology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Lovisenberggate 8, Oslo, Norway.
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12
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Zhao H, Li C, Naik MY, Wu J, Cardilla A, Liu M, Zhao F, Snyder SA, Xia Y, Su G, Fang M. Liquid Crystal Monomer: A Potential PPARγ Antagonist. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:3758-3771. [PMID: 36815762 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c08109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Liquid crystal monomers (LCMs) are a large family of artificial ingredients that have been widely used in global liquid crystal display (LCD) industries. As a major constituent in LCDs as well as the end products of e-waste dismantling, LCMs are of growing research interest with regard to their environmental occurrences and biochemical consequences. Many studies have analyzed LCMs in multiple environmental matrices, yet limited research has investigated the toxic effects upon exposure to them. In this study, we combined in silico simulation and in vitro assay validation along with omics integration analysis to achieve a comprehensive toxicity elucidation as well as a systematic mechanism interpretation of LCMs for the first time. Briefly, the high-throughput virtual screen and reporter gene assay revealed that peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) was significantly antagonized by certain LCMs. Besides, LCMs induced global metabolome and transcriptome dysregulation in HK2 cells. Notably, fatty acid β-oxidation was conspicuously dysregulated, which might be mediated through multiple pathways (IL-17, TNF, and NF-kB), whereas the activation of AMPK and ligand-dependent PPARγ antagonism may play particularly important parts. This study illustrated LCMs as a potential PPARγ antagonist and explored their toxicological mode of action on the trans-omics level, which provided an insightful overview in future chemical risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoduo Zhao
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798 Singapore
- Nanyang Environment & Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 637141 Singapore
| | - Caixia Li
- Nanyang Environment & Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 637141 Singapore
| | - Mihir Yogesh Naik
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 308232 Singapore
| | - Jia Wu
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Angelysia Cardilla
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 308232 Singapore
| | - Min Liu
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798 Singapore
- Nanyang Environment & Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 637141 Singapore
| | - Fanrong Zhao
- Nanyang Environment & Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 637141 Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 308232 Singapore
| | - Shane Allen Snyder
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798 Singapore
- Nanyang Environment & Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 637141 Singapore
| | - Yun Xia
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 308232 Singapore
| | - Guanyong Su
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Mingliang Fang
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798 Singapore
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
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13
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Luteolin protects against adipogenic and lipogenic potency induced by human relevant mixtures of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in the 3T3-L1 model. Food Chem Toxicol 2023; 173:113608. [PMID: 36639049 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.113608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Human exposure to persistent organic pollutants (POPs) may contribute to obesogenic effects. We have previously shown that POP mixtures modelled on blood levels relevant to the Scandinavian population induces adipogenic effects in the mouse 3T3-L1 cell line. Luteolin is a flavone that has shown anti-lipogenic and anti-adipogenic effects on adipogenesis in in vitro models. In this study, luteolin has been applied to inhibit adipocyte formation and intracellular lipid content increase induced by a human relevant mixture of POPs. 3T3-L1 cells were exposed to a POP mixture consisting of 29 chemicals, including amongst others polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), perfluoroalkylated acids (PFAAs), and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs). Rosiglitazone was applied as a positive lipogenic control. Luteolin was tested between 0.5 and 10 μM. High content analysis was used to assess changes in adipocyte formation and intracellular lipid content in the 3T3-L1 cell line. Luteolin significantly reduced POP-induced adipocyte formation at 2, 5 and 10 μM, and lipid accumulation at 10 μM. Interestingly, luteolin did not affect rosiglitazone induced adipo- and lipogenic effects, suggesting differences in mechanisms of action. In conclusion, this in vitro study shows that dietary polyphenols such as luteolin may protect against POP induced adipo- and lipogenic effects.
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14
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Kowalczyk M, Piwowarski JP, Wardaszka A, Średnicka P, Wójcicki M, Juszczuk-Kubiak E. Application of In Vitro Models for Studying the Mechanisms Underlying the Obesogenic Action of Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals (EDCs) as Food Contaminants-A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021083. [PMID: 36674599 PMCID: PMC9866663 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesogenic endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) belong to the group of environmental contaminants, which can adversely affect human health. A growing body of evidence supports that chronic exposure to EDCs can contribute to a rapid increase in obesity among adults and children, especially in wealthy industrialized countries with a high production of widely used industrial chemicals such as plasticizers (bisphenols and phthalates), parabens, flame retardants, and pesticides. The main source of human exposure to obesogenic EDCs is through diet, particularly with the consumption of contaminated food such as meat, fish, fruit, vegetables, milk, and dairy products. EDCs can promote obesity by stimulating adipo- and lipogenesis of target cells such as adipocytes and hepatocytes, disrupting glucose metabolism and insulin secretion, and impacting hormonal appetite/satiety regulation. In vitro models still play an essential role in investigating potential environmental obesogens. The review aimed to provide information on currently available two-dimensional (2D) in vitro animal and human cell models applied for studying the mechanisms of obesogenic action of various industrial chemicals such as food contaminants. The advantages and limitations of in vitro models representing the crucial endocrine tissue (adipose tissue) and organs (liver and pancreas) involved in the etiology of obesity and metabolic diseases, which are applied to evaluate the effects of obesogenic EDCs and their disruption activity, were thoroughly and critically discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Kowalczyk
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Molecular Engineering, Department of Microbiology, Prof. Wacław Dąbrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology—State Research Institute, 02-532 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jakub P. Piwowarski
- Microbiota Lab, Department of Pharmacognosy and Molecular Basis of Phytotherapy, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
- Correspondence: (J.P.P.); (E.J.-K.)
| | - Artur Wardaszka
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Molecular Engineering, Department of Microbiology, Prof. Wacław Dąbrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology—State Research Institute, 02-532 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Paulina Średnicka
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Molecular Engineering, Department of Microbiology, Prof. Wacław Dąbrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology—State Research Institute, 02-532 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michał Wójcicki
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Molecular Engineering, Department of Microbiology, Prof. Wacław Dąbrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology—State Research Institute, 02-532 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Edyta Juszczuk-Kubiak
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Molecular Engineering, Department of Microbiology, Prof. Wacław Dąbrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology—State Research Institute, 02-532 Warsaw, Poland
- Correspondence: (J.P.P.); (E.J.-K.)
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15
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Effect of Pesticides on Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors (PPARs) and Their Association with Obesity and Diabetes. PPAR Res 2023; 2023:1743289. [PMID: 36875280 PMCID: PMC9984265 DOI: 10.1155/2023/1743289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity and diabetes mellitus are considered the most important diseases of the XXI century. Recently, many epidemiological studies have linked exposure to pesticides to the development of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. The role of pesticides and their possible influence on the development of these diseases was investigated by examining the relationship between these compounds and one of the major nuclear receptor families controlling lipid and carbohydrate metabolism: the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), PPARα, PPARβ/δ, and PPARγ; this was possible through in silico, in vitro, and in vivo assays. The present review aims to show the effect of pesticides on PPARs and their contribution to the changes in energy metabolism that enable the development of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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16
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Zhou Q, Shen Y, Chou L, Guo J, Zhang X, Shi W. Identification of Glucocorticoid Receptor Antagonistic Activities and Responsible Compounds in House Dust: Bioaccessibility Should Not Be Ignored. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:16768-16779. [PMID: 36345731 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c04183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
More and more contaminants in dust have been found to be glucocorticoid receptor (GR) disrupting chemicals. However, little is known about the related potency and responsible toxicants, especially for the main bioaccessible ones in dust. An effect-directed analysis (EDA)-based workflow was developed, including solvent-based exhaustive extraction/tenax-assisted bioaccessible extraction (TBE), high-throughput bioassays, suspect and non-target analysis, as well as in silico candidate selection, for a more realistic identification of responsible contaminants in dust. None of the 39 dust samples from 23 cities in China exhibited GR agonistic activity, while GR antagonistic potencies were detected in 34.8% of samples, being significantly different from the high detection frequency of GR agonistic activities in other environmental media. The GR antagonistic potencies of the dust samples were all reduced after bioaccessible extraction. The mean bioaccessibility of GR antagonistic potency compared with the related exhaustive extracts was 36.8%, and the lowest value was 9%. By using in silico candidate selection, greater than 99% candidate chemical structures which were found by a non-target screening strategy were removed. Di-n-butyl phthalate (DnBP), diisobutyl phthalate (DiBP), and nicotine (NIC) were responsible for the activities of the exhaustive extracts of dust, contributing up to 91% potencies. DiBP and DnBP were also responsible for the bioaccessible activities, contributing up to 79% potencies. However, the contribution from NIC decreased significantly and can be ignored because of its low bioaccessibility. This study suggests that the improved workflow combining extraction, reporter gene bioassays, suspect and non-target analysis, as well as in silico candidate selection is useful for EDA analysis in dust samples. In addition, exhaustive extraction may overestimate the risk of contaminants, while bioaccessibility evaluation based on bioaccessible extraction is essential in both effect evaluation and toxicant identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing210023, China
| | - Yanhong Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing210023, China
- Environmental Monitoring Station of Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou215027, China
| | - Liben Chou
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing210023, China
| | - Jing Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing210023, China
| | - Xiaowei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing210023, China
| | - Wei Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing210023, China
- Jiangsu Province Ecology and Environment Protection Key Laboratory of Chemical Safety and Health Risk, Nanjing210023, China
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17
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Molonia MS, Muscarà C, Speciale A, Salamone FL, Toscano G, Saija A, Cimino F. The p-Phthalates Terephthalic Acid and Dimethyl Terephthalate Used in the Manufacture of PET Induce In Vitro Adipocytes Dysfunction by Altering Adipogenesis and Thermogenesis Mechanisms. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27217645. [PMID: 36364480 PMCID: PMC9656719 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27217645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Public health concerns associated with the potential leaching of substances from Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) packaging have been raised due to the role of phthalates as endocrine-disrupting chemicals or obesogens. In particular, changes in the environment such as pH, temperature, and irradiation can improve contaminant migration from PET food packaging. In this study, the in vitro effects of p-phthalates terephthalic acid (TPA) and dimethyl terephthalate (DMT) on murine adipocytes (3T3-L1) were evaluated using concentrations that might be obtained in adult humans exposed to contaminated sources. TPA and, in particular, DMT exposure during 3T3-L1 differentiation increased the cellular lipid content and induced adipogenic markers PPAR-γ, C/EBPß, FABP4, and FASN, starting from low nanomolar concentrations. Interestingly, the adipogenic action of TPA- and DMT-induced PPAR-γ was reverted by ICI 182,780, a specific antagonist of the estrogen receptor. Furthermore, TPA and DMT affected adipocytes’ thermogenic program, reducing pAMPK and PGC-1α levels, and induced the NF-κB proinflammatory pathway. Given the observed effects of biologically relevant chronic concentrations of these p-phthalates and taking into account humans’ close and constant contact with plastics, it seems appropriate that ascertaining safe levels of TPA and DMT exposure is considered a high priority.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Sofia Molonia
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno D'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Claudia Muscarà
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno D'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Antonio Speciale
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno D'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Federica Lina Salamone
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno D'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Giovanni Toscano
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno D'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Antonella Saija
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno D'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Francesco Cimino
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno D'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
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18
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Men X, Han X, Lee SJ, Oh G, Park KT, Han JK, Choi SI, Lee OH. Anti-Obesogenic Effects of Sulforaphane-Rich Broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica) Sprouts and Myrosinase-Rich Mustard (Sinapis alba L.) Seeds in Vitro and in Vivo. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14183814. [PMID: 36145190 PMCID: PMC9505190 DOI: 10.3390/nu14183814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucoraphanin (GRA), a glucosinolate particularly abundant in broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica) sprouts, can be converted to sulforaphane (SFN) by the enzyme myrosinase. Herein, we investigated the anti-obesogenic effects of broccoli sprout powder (BSP), mustard (Sinapis alba L.) seed powder (MSP), and sulforaphane-rich MSP-BSP mixture powder (MBP) in bisphenol A (BPA)-induced 3T3-L1 cells and obese C57BL/6J mice. In vitro experiments showed that MBP, BSP, and MSP have no cytotoxic effects. Moreover, MBP and BSP inhibited the lipid accumulation in BPA-induced 3T3-L1 cells. In BPA-induced obese mice, BSP and MBP treatment inhibited body weight gain and ameliorated dyslipidemia. Furthermore, our results showed that BSP and MBP could activate AMPK, which increases ACC phosphorylation, accompanied by the upregulation of lipolysis-associated proteins (UCP-1 and CPT-1) and downregulation of adipogenesis-related proteins (C/EBP-α, FAS, aP2, PPAR-γ, and SREBP-1c), both in vitro and in vivo. Interestingly, MBP exerted a greater anti-obesogenic effect than BSP. Taken together, these findings indicate that BSP and MBP could inhibit BPA-induced adipocyte differentiation and adipogenesis by increasing the expression of the proteins related to lipid metabolism and lipolysis, effectively treating BPA-induced obesity. Thus, BSP and MBP can be developed as effective anti-obesogenic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Men
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Environmental Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Xionggao Han
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Environmental Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Se-Jeong Lee
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Environmental Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Geon Oh
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Environmental Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Keun-Tae Park
- Research and Development Center, Milae Bioresourece Co., Ltd., Seoul 05542, Korea
| | - Jong-Kwon Han
- Research and Development Center, Milae Bioresourece Co., Ltd., Seoul 05542, Korea
| | - Sun-Il Choi
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Environmental Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
- Correspondence: (S.-I.C.); (O.-H.L.); Tel.: +82-33-250-6454 (S.-I.C.); +82-33-250-6454 (O.-H.L.); Fax: +82-33-259-5561 (S.-I.C.); +82-33-259-5561 (O.-H.L.)
| | - Ok-Hwan Lee
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Environmental Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
- Correspondence: (S.-I.C.); (O.-H.L.); Tel.: +82-33-250-6454 (S.-I.C.); +82-33-250-6454 (O.-H.L.); Fax: +82-33-259-5561 (S.-I.C.); +82-33-259-5561 (O.-H.L.)
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19
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Pu Y, Ticiani E, Waye AA, Dong K, Zhang H, Veiga-Lopez A. Sex-specific extracellular matrix remodeling during early adipogenic differentiation by gestational bisphenol A exposure. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 302:134806. [PMID: 35504463 PMCID: PMC9575584 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is an endocrine disrupting chemical known to promote adipose tissue mass in vivo and adipogenesis in vitro. Whether BPA can affect and reprogram early adipogenic differentiation signals that trigger adipogenic differentiation, remains unknown. We hypothesized that gestational BPA exposure results in a preadipocyte phenotype that leads to accelerated adipogenic differentiation, and that this phenotype is sex specific. Primary ovine fetal preadipocytes were derived from control (C) and BPA-exposed during pregnancy and differentiated in vitro. Gestational BPA enhanced lipid accumulation at early stages of differentiation (48 h) and this was evident in females but not male-derived fetal preadipocytes. After an RNA sequencing approach, samples were compared as follows: 2 groups (C vs. BPA); 2 sexes (female (F) vs. male (M)); and 2 time points (0 h vs. 48 h). Before differentiation, 15 genes were differentially expressed between the C and the BPA-exposed preadipocytes within sex. In BPA-F, extracellular matrix remodeling genes cathepsin K and collagen 5α3 were upregulated compared to C-F. At 48 h, BPA-F had 154 genes differentially expressed vs. C-F and BPA-M had 487 genes differentially expressed vs. C-M. Triglyceride and glycerophospholipid metabolism were the most upregulated pathways in BPA-F. Downregulated pathways were associated with extracellular matrix organization in BPA-exposed preadipocytes. These findings are among the first to demonstrate that gestational BPA can modify the fate of adipocyte precursors by altering pathways associated to extracellular matrix components, an often-disregarded, but required aspect of adipogenic differentiation. This work highlights the need to investigate early adipogenic differentiation changes in other obesogenic chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Pu
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, 60612, USA
| | - Elvis Ticiani
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, 60612, USA
| | - Anita A Waye
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, 60612, USA
| | - Kunzhe Dong
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Avian Disease and Oncology Laboratory, East Lansing, 48823, USA
| | - Huanmin Zhang
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Avian Disease and Oncology Laboratory, East Lansing, 48823, USA
| | - Almudena Veiga-Lopez
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, 60612, USA.
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20
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Barra NG, Kwon YH, Morrison KM, Steinberg GR, Wade MG, Khan WI, Vijayan MM, Schertzer JD, Holloway AC. Increased gut serotonin production in response to bisphenol A structural analogs may contribute to their obesogenic effects. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2022; 323:E80-E091. [PMID: 35575233 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00049.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Obesogens are synthetic, environmental chemicals that can disrupt endocrine control of metabolism and contribute to the risk of obesity and metabolic disease. Bisphenol A (BPA) is one of the most studied obesogens. There is considerable evidence that BPA exposure is associated with weight gain, increased adiposity, poor blood glucose control, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in animal models and human populations. Increased usage of structural analogs of BPA has occurred in response to legislation banning their use in some commercial products. However, BPA analogs may also cause some of the same metabolic impairments because of common mechanisms of action. One key effector that is altered by BPA and its analogs is serotonin, however, it is unknown if BPA-induced changes in peripheral serotonin pathways underlie metabolic perturbations seen with BPA exposure. Upon ingestion, BPA and its analogs act as endocrine-disrupting chemicals in the gastrointestinal tract to influence serotonin production by the gut, where over 95% of serotonin is produced. The purpose of this review is to evaluate how BPA and its analogs alter gut serotonin regulation and then discuss how disruption of serotonergic networks influences host metabolism. We also provide evidence that BPA and its analogs enhance serotonin production in gut enterochromaffin cells. Taken together, we propose that BPA and many BPA analogs represent endocrine-disrupting chemicals that can influence host metabolism through the endogenous production of gut-derived factors, such as serotonin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole G Barra
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yun Han Kwon
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Katherine M Morrison
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gregory R Steinberg
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael G Wade
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Waliul I Khan
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Jonathan D Schertzer
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alison C Holloway
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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21
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Fang R, Yang S, Gu X, Li C, Bi N, Wang HL. Early-life exposure to bisphenol A induces dysregulation of lipid homeostasis by the upregulation of SCD1 in male mice. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 304:119201. [PMID: 35341816 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Exposure of Bisphenol A (BPA) is closely associated with an increased prevalence of obesity-related metabolic syndrome. However, the potential mechanism of BPA-induced adipogenesis remains to be fully elucidated. Herein, potential mechanisms of BPA-induced adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes were evaluated using RNA-Seq. Then, using an early-life BPA exposure model, we further evaluated the effects of BPA exposure on lipid and glucose homeostasis. The results showed that lipid content in 3T3-L1 adipocytes was significantly increased after BPA exposure (p < 0.01) and male C57BL/6 mice with the dose of 500 μg/kg/day BPA by once-a-day oral administration for 8 weeks displayed a NAFLD-like phenotype. RNA-Seq analysis of preadipocytes showed that BPA exposure affected multiple biological processes including glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, regulation of lipolysis in adipocytes, PPAR signaling pathway and fatty acid metabolism. The dysregulation in a series of genes of mice was associated to de novo lipogenesis and lipid transport, which was linked to obesity. Importantly, we also found a significant expression increase of stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1) and a significant decrease of apolipoprotein D (APOD) in both fat (p < 0.01) and livers (p < 0.01) of male mice. Besides, the dysregulation of pro-inflammatory genes (TNF-α,IL-6 and SAA3) showed that BPA exposure promoted progression of hepatic inflammation. In conclusion, this study elucidated a novel mechanism in which obesity associated with BPA exposure by targeting SCD1. Exposure to BPA should be carefully examined in the chronic liver metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruyue Fang
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, 193 Tunxi Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230009, PR China
| | - Shaohua Yang
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, 193 Tunxi Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230009, PR China
| | - Xiaozhen Gu
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, 193 Tunxi Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230009, PR China
| | - Changqing Li
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, 193 Tunxi Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230009, PR China
| | - Nanxi Bi
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, 193 Tunxi Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230009, PR China
| | - Hui-Li Wang
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, 193 Tunxi Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230009, PR China.
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22
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Nguyen HT, Li L, Eguchi A, Agusa T, Yamamoto K, Kannan K, Kim EY, Iwata H. Effects of gestational exposure to bisphenol A on the hepatic transcriptome and lipidome of rat dams: Intergenerational comparison of effects in the offspring. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 826:153990. [PMID: 35192832 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Our previous studies demonstrated that prenatal bisphenol A (BPA) exposure affected the hepatic transcriptome and lipidome in rat offspring in a sex- and age-dependent manner. In this study, we investigated the effects of gestational exposure to BPA on the rat dams, after weaning period, and compared them with those of their offspring. Our results showed alterations in hepatic transcriptome related to insulin signaling, circadian rhythm, and infectious disease pathways in BPA-treated dams even 4 weeks after the exposure, whereas slight modifications on the lipid profile were found. Alterations in lipid and transcriptome profiles were more prominent in the prenatally BPA-exposed offspring at postnatal day (PND) 1 and 21 than those in the dams, suggesting that in utero exposure to BPA is more serious than exposure in the adulthood. Cryptochrome-1 (Cry1) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta (Ppard) were commonly altered in both dams and offspring. Nevertheless, the results of DIABLO (Data Integration Analysis for Biomarker discovery using Latent cOmponents), showed that multi-omics data successfully distinguished the exposed dams from the corresponding controls and their offspring with a high level of accuracy. The accuracy rates in BPA50 models (including control and 50 μg BPA/kg bw/day exposed groups) were smaller than those in BPA5000 models (control and 5000 μg BPA/kg bw/day exposed groups), suggesting dose-dependent severity in BPA effects. Palmitic acid and genes related to circadian rhythm, insulin responses, and lipid metabolism (e.g., 1-acylglycerol-3-phosphate O-acyltransferase 2 (Agpat2), B-cell CLL/lymphoma 10 (Bcl10), Cry1, Harvey rat sarcoma virus oncogene (Hras), and NLR family member X1 (Nlrx1)) were identified through DIABLO models as novel biomarkers of effects of BPA across two generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoa Thanh Nguyen
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies, Ehime University, Matsuyama 7908577, Japan
| | - Lingyun Li
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY 12201, United States
| | - Akifumi Eguchi
- Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba 2630022, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Agusa
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies, Ehime University, Matsuyama 7908577, Japan; Graduate School of Environmental and Symbiotic Sciences, Prefectural University of Kumamoto, Kumamoto 8628502, Japan
| | - Kimika Yamamoto
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies, Ehime University, Matsuyama 7908577, Japan
| | - Kurunthachalam Kannan
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY 12201, United States; Department of Pediatrics and Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, United States
| | - Eun-Young Kim
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science and Department of Biology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130701, Republic of Korea
| | - Hisato Iwata
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies, Ehime University, Matsuyama 7908577, Japan.
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23
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Filer DL, Hoffman K, Sargis RM, Trasande L, Kassotis CD. On the Utility of ToxCast-Based Predictive Models to Evaluate Potential Metabolic Disruption by Environmental Chemicals. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2022; 130:57005. [PMID: 35533074 PMCID: PMC9084331 DOI: 10.1289/ehp6779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research suggests environmental contaminants can impact metabolic health; however, high costs prohibit in vivo screening of putative metabolic disruptors. High-throughput screening programs, such as ToxCast, hold promise to reduce testing gaps and prioritize higher-order (in vivo) testing. OBJECTIVES We sought to a) examine the concordance of in vitro testing in 3T3-L1 cells to a targeted literature review for 38 semivolatile environmental chemicals, and b) assess the predictive utility of various expert models using ToxCast data against the set of 38 reference chemicals. METHODS Using a set of 38 chemicals with previously published results in 3T3-L1 cells, we performed a metabolism-targeted literature review to determine consensus activity determinations. To assess ToxCast predictive utility, we used two published ToxPi models: a) the 8-Slice model published by Janesick et al. (2016) and b) the 5-Slice model published by Auerbach et al. (2016). We examined the performance of the two models against the Janesick in vitro results and our own 38-chemical reference set. We further evaluated the predictive performance of various modifications to these models using cytotoxicity filtering approaches and validated our best-performing model with new chemical testing in 3T3-L1 cells. RESULTS The literature review revealed relevant publications for 30 out of the 38 chemicals (the remaining 8 chemicals were only examined in our previous 3T3-L1 testing). We observed a balanced accuracy (average of sensitivity and specificity) of 0.86 comparing our previous in vitro results to the literature-derived calls. ToxPi models provided balanced accuracies ranging from 0.55 to 0.88, depending on the model specifications and reference set. Validation chemical testing correctly predicted 29 of 30 chemicals as per 3T3-L1 testing, suggesting good adipogenic prediction performance for our best adapted model. DISCUSSION Using the most recent ToxCast data and an updated ToxPi model, we found ToxCast performed similarly to that of our own 3T3-L1 testing in predicting consensus calls. Furthermore, we provide the full ranked list of largely untested chemicals with ToxPi scores that predict adipogenic activity and that require further investigation. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP6779.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dayne L. Filer
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, and Renaissance Computing Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Kate Hoffman
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Robert M. Sargis
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Leonardo Trasande
- Department of Pediatrics, New York University (NYU) School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University (NYU) School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Population Health, New York University (NYU) School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
- NYU College of Global Public Health, New York University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Christopher D. Kassotis
- Institute of Environmental Health Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
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24
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Urinary Concentrations of Triclosan, Bisphenol A, and Brominated Flame Retardants and the Association of Triclosan with Demographic Characteristics and Body Fatness among Women with Newly Diagnosed Breast Cancer. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19084681. [PMID: 35457549 PMCID: PMC9024480 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19084681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Background: Triclosan, bisphenol A (BPA), and brominated flame retardants are environmental estrogenic endocrine-disrupting compounds that may influence the prognosis of breast cancer. We examined the urinary concentrations of these compounds and their associations with demographic characteristics and body fatness in a population of women with newly diagnosed breast cancer. Methods: Overnight urine collection and anthropometric measures were obtained from 302 participants. Triclosan, BPA, tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA), and tetrabromobenzoic acid (TBBA) concentrations were determined using ultra-performance liquid chromatography−tandem mass spectrometry. Regression analyses were conducted to examine associations of urinary compound concentration with age, menopause, race, ethnicity, educational level, estrogen receptor status, body size, and body composition. Results: Triclosan, BPA, and TBBA were detected in urine samples from 98.3%, 6.0%, and 0.3% of patients, respectively; TBBPA was undetectable. Among patients with quantifiable values, the geometric mean concentrations were 20.74 µg/L (27.04 µg/g creatinine) for triclosan and 0.82 µg/L (1.08 µg/g creatinine) for BPA. Body mass index ≥ 30 vs. <25 kg/m2 was associated with lower creatinine-corrected urinary concentrations of triclosan (−40.00, 95% confidence interval [CI] = −77.19 to −2.81; p = 0.0351). The observed association was predominantly in postmenopausal women (−66.57; 95% CI: −109.18% to −23.96%). Consistent results were found for associations between triclosan levels and fat mass variables. Conclusion: In this study population, women with newly diagnosed breast cancer had triclosan exposure. Assessments of the implications of urinary concentrations of triclosan for women should consider body fatness and menopausal status.
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25
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Are BPA Substitutes as Obesogenic as BPA? Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23084238. [PMID: 35457054 PMCID: PMC9031831 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic diseases, such as obesity, Type II diabetes and hepatic steatosis, are a significant public health concern affecting more than half a billion people worldwide. The prevalence of these diseases is constantly increasing in developed countries, affecting all age groups. The pathogenesis of metabolic diseases is complex and multifactorial. Inducer factors can either be genetic or linked to a sedentary lifestyle and/or consumption of high-fat and sugar diets. In 2002, a new concept of “environmental obesogens” emerged, suggesting that environmental chemicals could play an active role in the etiology of obesity. Bisphenol A (BPA), a xenoestrogen widely used in the plastic food packaging industry has been shown to affect many physiological functions and has been linked to reproductive, endocrine and metabolic disorders and cancer. Therefore, the widespread use of BPA during the last 30 years could have contributed to the increased incidence of metabolic diseases. BPA was banned in baby bottles in Canada in 2008 and in all food-oriented packaging in France from 1 January 2015. Since the BPA ban, substitutes with a similar structure and properties have been used by industrials even though their toxic potential is unknown. Bisphenol S has mainly replaced BPA in consumer products as reflected by the almost ubiquitous human exposure to this contaminant. This review focuses on the metabolic effects and targets of BPA and recent data, which suggest comparable effects of the structural analogs used as substitutes.
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26
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Lustig RH, Collier D, Kassotis C, Roepke TA, Ji Kim M, Blanc E, Barouki R, Bansal A, Cave MC, Chatterjee S, Choudhury M, Gilbertson M, Lagadic-Gossmann D, Howard S, Lind L, Tomlinson CR, Vondracek J, Heindel JJ. Obesity I: Overview and molecular and biochemical mechanisms. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 199:115012. [PMID: 35393120 PMCID: PMC9050949 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a chronic, relapsing condition characterized by excess body fat. Its prevalence has increased globally since the 1970s, and the number of obese and overweight people is now greater than those underweight. Obesity is a multifactorial condition, and as such, many components contribute to its development and pathogenesis. This is the first of three companion reviews that consider obesity. This review focuses on the genetics, viruses, insulin resistance, inflammation, gut microbiome, and circadian rhythms that promote obesity, along with hormones, growth factors, and organs and tissues that control its development. It shows that the regulation of energy balance (intake vs. expenditure) relies on the interplay of a variety of hormones from adipose tissue, gastrointestinal tract, pancreas, liver, and brain. It details how integrating central neurotransmitters and peripheral metabolic signals (e.g., leptin, insulin, ghrelin, peptide YY3-36) is essential for controlling energy homeostasis and feeding behavior. It describes the distinct types of adipocytes and how fat cell development is controlled by hormones and growth factors acting via a variety of receptors, including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma, retinoid X, insulin, estrogen, androgen, glucocorticoid, thyroid hormone, liver X, constitutive androstane, pregnane X, farnesoid, and aryl hydrocarbon receptors. Finally, it demonstrates that obesity likely has origins in utero. Understanding these biochemical drivers of adiposity and metabolic dysfunction throughout the life cycle lends plausibility and credence to the "obesogen hypothesis" (i.e., the importance of environmental chemicals that disrupt these receptors to promote adiposity or alter metabolism), elucidated more fully in the two companion reviews.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert H Lustig
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, United States
| | - David Collier
- Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, United States
| | - Christopher Kassotis
- Institute of Environmental Health Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, United States
| | - Troy A Roepke
- School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, United States
| | - Min Ji Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Toxicology, University of Paris, INSERM U1224 (T3S), 75006 Paris, France
| | - Etienne Blanc
- Department of Biochemistry and Toxicology, University of Paris, INSERM U1224 (T3S), 75006 Paris, France
| | - Robert Barouki
- Department of Biochemistry and Toxicology, University of Paris, INSERM U1224 (T3S), 75006 Paris, France
| | - Amita Bansal
- College of Health & Medicine, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Matthew C Cave
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40402, United States
| | - Saurabh Chatterjee
- Environmental Health and Disease Laboratory, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, United States
| | - Mahua Choudhury
- College of Pharmacy, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, United States
| | - Michael Gilbertson
- Occupational and Environmental Health Research Group, University of Stirling, Stirling, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Dominique Lagadic-Gossmann
- Research Institute for Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Rennes, INSERM, EHESP, Rennes, France
| | - Sarah Howard
- Healthy Environment and Endocrine Disruptor Strategies, Commonweal, Bolinas, CA 92924, United States
| | - Lars Lind
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Uppsala, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Craig R Tomlinson
- Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH 03756, United States
| | - Jan Vondracek
- Department of Cytokinetics, Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jerrold J Heindel
- Healthy Environment and Endocrine Disruptor Strategies, Commonweal, Bolinas, CA 92924, United States.
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27
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Kassotis CD, Vom Saal FS, Babin PJ, Lagadic-Gossmann D, Le Mentec H, Blumberg B, Mohajer N, Legrand A, Munic Kos V, Martin-Chouly C, Podechard N, Langouët S, Touma C, Barouki R, Ji Kim M, Audouze K, Choudhury M, Shree N, Bansal A, Howard S, Heindel JJ. Obesity III: Obesogen assays: Limitations, strengths, and new directions. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 199:115014. [PMID: 35393121 PMCID: PMC9050906 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
There is increasing evidence of a role for environmental contaminants in disrupting metabolic health in both humans and animals. Despite a growing need for well-understood models for evaluating adipogenic and potential obesogenic contaminants, there has been a reliance on decades-old in vitro models that have not been appropriately managed by cell line providers. There has been a quick rise in available in vitro models in the last ten years, including commercial availability of human mesenchymal stem cell and preadipocyte models; these models require more comprehensive validation but demonstrate real promise in improved translation to human metabolic health. There is also progress in developing three-dimensional and co-culture techniques that allow for the interrogation of a more physiologically relevant state. While diverse rodent models exist for evaluating putative obesogenic and/or adipogenic chemicals in a physiologically relevant context, increasing capabilities have been identified for alternative model organisms such as Drosophila, C. elegans, zebrafish, and medaka in metabolic health testing. These models have several appreciable advantages, including most notably their size, rapid development, large brood sizes, and ease of high-resolution lipid accumulation imaging throughout the organisms. They are anticipated to expand the capabilities of metabolic health research, particularly when coupled with emerging obesogen evaluation techniques as described herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher D Kassotis
- Institute of Environmental Health Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, United States.
| | - Frederick S Vom Saal
- Division of Biological Sciences, The University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, United States
| | - Patrick J Babin
- Department of Life and Health Sciences, University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Pessac, France
| | - Dominique Lagadic-Gossmann
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Research Institute for Environmental and Occupational Health) - UMR_S 1085, 35 000 Rennes, France
| | - Helene Le Mentec
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Research Institute for Environmental and Occupational Health) - UMR_S 1085, 35 000 Rennes, France
| | - Bruce Blumberg
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, The University of California, Irvine, Irvine CA 92697, United States
| | - Nicole Mohajer
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, The University of California, Irvine, Irvine CA 92697, United States
| | - Antoine Legrand
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Research Institute for Environmental and Occupational Health) - UMR_S 1085, 35 000 Rennes, France
| | - Vesna Munic Kos
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institute, Solna, Sweden
| | - Corinne Martin-Chouly
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Research Institute for Environmental and Occupational Health) - UMR_S 1085, 35 000 Rennes, France
| | - Normand Podechard
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Research Institute for Environmental and Occupational Health) - UMR_S 1085, 35 000 Rennes, France
| | - Sophie Langouët
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Research Institute for Environmental and Occupational Health) - UMR_S 1085, 35 000 Rennes, France
| | - Charbel Touma
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Research Institute for Environmental and Occupational Health) - UMR_S 1085, 35 000 Rennes, France
| | - Robert Barouki
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Paris, INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Min Ji Kim
- University of Sorbonne Paris Nord, Bobigny, INSERM U1124 (T3S), Paris, France
| | | | - Mahua Choudhury
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Texas A & M University, College Station, TX 77843, United States
| | - Nitya Shree
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Texas A & M University, College Station, TX 77843, United States
| | - Amita Bansal
- College of Health & Medicine, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2611, Australia
| | - Sarah Howard
- Healthy Environment and Endocrine Disruptor Strategies, Commonweal, Bolinas, CA 92924, United States
| | - Jerrold J Heindel
- Healthy Environment and Endocrine Disruptor Strategies, Commonweal, Bolinas, CA 92924, United States
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28
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Singh RD, Koshta K, Tiwari R, Khan H, Sharma V, Srivastava V. Developmental Exposure to Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals and Its Impact on Cardio-Metabolic-Renal Health. FRONTIERS IN TOXICOLOGY 2022; 3:663372. [PMID: 35295127 PMCID: PMC8915840 DOI: 10.3389/ftox.2021.663372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Developmental origin of health and disease postulates that the footprints of early life exposure are followed as an endowment of risk for adult diseases. Epidemiological and experimental evidence suggest that an adverse fetal environment can affect the health of offspring throughout their lifetime. Exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) during fetal development can affect the hormone system homeostasis, resulting in a broad spectrum of adverse health outcomes. In the present review, we have described the effect of prenatal EDCs exposure on cardio-metabolic-renal health, using the available epidemiological and experimental evidence. We also discuss the potential mechanisms of their action, which include epigenetic changes, hormonal imprinting, loss of energy homeostasis, and metabolic perturbations. The effect of prenatal EDCs exposure on cardio-metabolic-renal health, which is a complex condition of an altered biological landscape, can be further examined in the case of other environmental stressors with a similar mode of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radha Dutt Singh
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Kavita Koshta
- Systems Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Ratnakar Tiwari
- Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Hafizurrahman Khan
- Systems Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, India
| | - Vineeta Sharma
- Systems Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, India
| | - Vikas Srivastava
- Systems Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, New Delhi, India
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29
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Völker J, Ashcroft F, Vedøy Å, Zimmermann L, Wagner M. Adipogenic Activity of Chemicals Used in Plastic Consumer Products. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022. [PMID: 35080176 DOI: 10.1101/2021.07.29.454199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenols and phthalates, chemicals frequently used in plastic products, promote obesity in cell and animal models. However, these well-known metabolism-disrupting chemicals (MDCs) represent only a minute fraction of all compounds found in plastics. To gain a comprehensive understanding of plastics as a source of exposure to MDCs, we characterized the chemicals present in 34 everyday products using nontarget high-resolution mass spectrometry and analyzed their joint adipogenic activities by high-content imaging. We detected 55,300 chemical features and tentatively identified 629 unique compounds, including 11 known MDCs. Importantly, the chemicals extracted from one-third of the products caused murine 3T3-L1 preadipocytes to proliferate, and differentiate into adipocytes, which were larger and contained more triglycerides than those treated with the reference compound rosiglitazone. Because the majority of plastic extracts did not activate the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ and the glucocorticoid receptor, the adipogenic effects are mediated via other mechanisms and, thus, likely to be caused by unknown MDCs. Our study demonstrates that daily-use plastics contain potent mixtures of MDCs and can, therefore, be a relevant yet underestimated environmental factor contributing to obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Völker
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Felicity Ashcroft
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Åsa Vedøy
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Lisa Zimmermann
- Department of Aquatic Ecotoxicology, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Martin Wagner
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7491 Trondheim, Norway
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Völker J, Ashcroft F, Vedøy Å, Zimmermann L, Wagner M. Adipogenic Activity of Chemicals Used in Plastic Consumer Products. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:2487-2496. [PMID: 35080176 PMCID: PMC8851687 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c06316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenols and phthalates, chemicals frequently used in plastic products, promote obesity in cell and animal models. However, these well-known metabolism-disrupting chemicals (MDCs) represent only a minute fraction of all compounds found in plastics. To gain a comprehensive understanding of plastics as a source of exposure to MDCs, we characterized the chemicals present in 34 everyday products using nontarget high-resolution mass spectrometry and analyzed their joint adipogenic activities by high-content imaging. We detected 55,300 chemical features and tentatively identified 629 unique compounds, including 11 known MDCs. Importantly, the chemicals extracted from one-third of the products caused murine 3T3-L1 preadipocytes to proliferate, and differentiate into adipocytes, which were larger and contained more triglycerides than those treated with the reference compound rosiglitazone. Because the majority of plastic extracts did not activate the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ and the glucocorticoid receptor, the adipogenic effects are mediated via other mechanisms and, thus, likely to be caused by unknown MDCs. Our study demonstrates that daily-use plastics contain potent mixtures of MDCs and can, therefore, be a relevant yet underestimated environmental factor contributing to obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Völker
- Department
of Biology, Norwegian University of Science
and Technology (NTNU), 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Felicity Ashcroft
- Department
of Biology, Norwegian University of Science
and Technology (NTNU), 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Åsa Vedøy
- Department
of Biology, Norwegian University of Science
and Technology (NTNU), 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Lisa Zimmermann
- Department
of Aquatic Ecotoxicology, Goethe University
Frankfurt am Main, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Martin Wagner
- Department
of Biology, Norwegian University of Science
and Technology (NTNU), 7491 Trondheim, Norway
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31
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The Role of Persistent Organic Pollutants in Obesity: A Review of Laboratory and Epidemiological Studies. TOXICS 2022; 10:toxics10020065. [PMID: 35202251 PMCID: PMC8877532 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10020065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are considered as potential obesogens that may affect adipose tissue development and functioning, thus promoting obesity. However, various POPs may have different mechanisms of action. The objective of the present review is to discuss the key mechanisms linking exposure to POPs to adipose tissue dysfunction and obesity. Laboratory data clearly demonstrate that the mechanisms associated with the interference of exposure to POPs with obesity include: (a) dysregulation of adipogenesis regulators (PPARγ and C/EBPα); (b) affinity and binding to nuclear receptors; (c) epigenetic effects; and/or (d) proinflammatory activity. Although in vivo data are generally corroborative of the in vitro results, studies in living organisms have shown that the impact of POPs on adipogenesis is affected by biological factors such as sex, age, and period of exposure. Epidemiological data demonstrate a significant association between exposure to POPs and obesity and obesity-associated metabolic disturbances (e.g., type 2 diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome), although the existing data are considered insufficient. In conclusion, both laboratory and epidemiological data underline the significant role of POPs as environmental obesogens. However, further studies are required to better characterize both the mechanisms and the dose/concentration-response effects of exposure to POPs in the development of obesity and other metabolic diseases.
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Tawar N, Banerjee BD, Madhu SV, Agrawal V, Gupta S. Association of Organochlorine Pesticides With Genetic Markers of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Case-Control Study Among the North-Indian Population. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:841463. [PMID: 35370992 PMCID: PMC8966505 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.841463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) have been long linked to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM); however, this relation at the molecular level has not been explored yet. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and pro-inflammatory pathways are considered vital ones in the pathogenesis of T2DM. We aimed to investigate the existence of any association between OCPs, ER stress, and pro-inflammatory pathways in subjects with known T2DM. METHODS Seventy subjects each with T2DM and normal glucose tolerance were recruited from the surgery department. Their visceral adipose tissue was collected intraoperatively. OCP concentration, ER stress, and pro-inflammatory markers were analyzed and compared between two study groups. RESULTS We found 18 OCPs and their metabolites in visceral adipose tissue samples of study participants. The levels of δ-HCH, heptachlor, endrin, and p,p'DDT were significantly higher in the T2DM group and were also positively correlated with fasting and postprandial plasma glucose levels (p < 0.01). We observed a positive association of δ-HCH (p < 0.01), heptachlor (p < 0.05), and endrin (p < 0.05) with central adiposity and ER stress markers. However, we failed to establish the correlation of OCPs with any of the pro-inflammatory markers. CONCLUSION The existence and simultaneous complex correlation of OCPs with ER stress may explain their role in the pathogenesis of T2DM, revealing the persistence of the gene-environment interaction in the etiology of T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Tawar
- Department of Biochemistry, University College of Medical Sciences (UCMS) and Guru Teg Bahadur (GTB) Hospital (University of Delhi), Delhi, India
- *Correspondence: Neha Tawar, ; Basu Dev Banerjee,
| | - Basu Dev Banerjee
- Department of Biochemistry, University College of Medical Sciences (UCMS) and Guru Teg Bahadur (GTB) Hospital (University of Delhi), Delhi, India
- *Correspondence: Neha Tawar, ; Basu Dev Banerjee,
| | - Sri Venkata Madhu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, UCMS and Guru Teg Bahadur (GTB) Hospital (University of Delhi), Delhi, India
| | - Vivek Agrawal
- Department of Surgery, UCMS and Guru Teg Bahadur (GTB) Hospital (University of Delhi), Delhi, India
| | - Sanjay Gupta
- Department of Surgery, UCMS and Guru Teg Bahadur (GTB) Hospital (University of Delhi), Delhi, India
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Seok JW, Park JY, Park HK, Lee H. Endrin potentiates early-stage adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells by activating the mammalian target of rapamycin. Life Sci 2022; 288:120151. [PMID: 34801515 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.120151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Obesogens are a type of endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) that disrupt the human endocrine system, resulting in obesity and metabolic disease. Several obesogens, including bisphenol A, tolylfluanid, and some pesticides, have been identified and studied previously; however, the underlying molecular mechanisms by which obesogens interfere with adipogenesis and induce insulin resistance in adipocyte remain unknown. This study aims to determine which type of chemical is the most potent obesogen and to investigate its effect on adipogenesis-related gene expressions. 3T3-L1, a pre adipocyte cell line, was differentiated into mature adipocytes with either vehicle or various obesogens, including bisphenol A, tolylfluanid, and endrin, as well as corticosterone, at the same dose. Subsequently, intracellular and secreted triglyceride levels were measured, and the expression of genes and proteins involved in adipogenesis and lipogenesis was investigated. We found that endrin was the most potent regulator of adipogenic differentiation, as compared to tolylfluanid, bisphenol A, and corticosterone. Endrin increased intracellular and secreted triglyceride levels and enhanced the expression of adipogenic transcription factors as well as the terminal differentiation marker in a dose-dependent manner. During the early stages of differentiation, endrin enhanced mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) activity, which was suppressed by the pharmacological blockade of the protein kinase B-mTOR pathway, with repressed adipogenic differentiation. However, endrin did not change the expression levels of the downstream members of the mTOR signaling pathway or proteins related to lipolysis in response to insulin. Thus, we suggest that endrin potentiates early-stage adipogenic differentiation by activating the mTOR pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jo Woon Seok
- Mo-Im Kim Nursing Research Institute, College of Nursing, Yonsei University, 03722 Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Yeo Park
- Biobehavioral Research Center, College of Nursing Yonsei University, 03722 Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Ki Park
- Biobehavioral Research Center, College of Nursing Yonsei University, 03722 Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyangkyu Lee
- Mo-Im Kim Nursing Research Institute, College of Nursing, Yonsei University, 03722 Seoul, Republic of Korea; Biobehavioral Research Center, College of Nursing Yonsei University, 03722 Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Palak E, Lebiedzińska W, Anisimowicz S, Sztachelska M, Pierzyński P, Wiczkowski W, Żelazowska-Rutkowska B, Niklińska GN, Ponikwicka-Tyszko D, Wołczyński S. The Association between Bisphenol A, Steroid Hormones, and Selected MicroRNAs Levels in Seminal Plasma of Men with Infertility. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10245945. [PMID: 34945242 PMCID: PMC8703400 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10245945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA), the most common endocrine-disrupting chemical, has been associated with male reproductive dysfunctions. Recently, it has been shown that BPA may also affect miRNAs expression. Herein, we aimed to evaluate the association of BPA levels with steroid hormone concentration and circulating miRNAs levels to investigate the potential direct effect of BPA on homeostasis in the testis environment. The level of BPA in the seminal plasma of azoospermic men was significantly higher compared to the healthy control. The concentrations of estradiol (E2) and androstenedione (A) were significantly decreased in the seminal plasma of azoospermic men compared to the normospermic men. The levels of miR-let-7a, miR-let-7b, and miR-let-7c were significantly up-regulated, and the level of miR-518f was significantly down-regulated in the seminal plasma of the azoospermic men compared to the healthy control. The level of BPA correlated negatively with sperm concentration and normal semen morphology. A significant positive correlation was found between BPA levels and miR-let-7a and miR-let-7c levels, whereas BPA negatively correlated with miR-518f levels. Our results suggest that BPA may negatively affect sperm quality. Moreover, BPA correlated with the miR-let-7a, miR-let-7c, and miR-518f levels in seminal plasma, which suggests that BPA may act directly in seminal plasma, affecting the testicular environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewelina Palak
- Department of Biology and Pathology of Human Reproduction, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland; (E.P.); (M.S.); (D.P.-T.)
| | - Weronika Lebiedzińska
- Department of Reproduction and Gynecological Endocrinology, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Białystok, Poland;
| | - Sławomir Anisimowicz
- Gynecology and Reproductive Endocrinology Centre ARTemida, 15-464 Białystok, Poland;
| | - Maria Sztachelska
- Department of Biology and Pathology of Human Reproduction, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland; (E.P.); (M.S.); (D.P.-T.)
| | | | - Wiesław Wiczkowski
- Department of Chemistry and Biodynamics of Food, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland;
| | - Beata Żelazowska-Rutkowska
- Department of Pediatric Laboratory Diagnostic, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Białystok, Poland;
| | | | - Donata Ponikwicka-Tyszko
- Department of Biology and Pathology of Human Reproduction, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland; (E.P.); (M.S.); (D.P.-T.)
| | - Sławomir Wołczyński
- Department of Biology and Pathology of Human Reproduction, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland; (E.P.); (M.S.); (D.P.-T.)
- Department of Reproduction and Gynecological Endocrinology, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Białystok, Poland;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-85-746-88-18
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Meruvu S, Zhang J, Choudhury M. Butyl Benzyl Phthalate Promotes Adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 Cells via the miRNA-34a-5p Signaling Pathway in the Absence of Exogenous Adipogenic Stimuli. Chem Res Toxicol 2021; 34:2251-2260. [PMID: 34520170 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.1c00115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Phthalates, a plasticizer group, are used extensively in many of the products we use every day. Public health concerns are growing as recent studies have implicated butyl benzyl phthalate (BBP) as an obesogen. However, BBP-induced epigenetic regulation during adipogenesis is still unknown. We investigated if BBP altered miR-34a-5p, a key miRNA involved in obesity, and regulated its downstream pathway. Differentiating 3T3-L1 cells were exposed to various doses of BBP without exogenous adipogenic stimuli, tested for adipogenesis markers (PPARγ and aP2), and stained for lipid accumulation with Oil Red O staining. We then measured the expression of miR-34a-5p and its target genes, Nampt and Sirt1, along with another significant epigenetic modulator, Sirt3. Furthermore, using antagomiR, we examined whether miR-34a-5p knockdown decreased adipogenesis. BBP exposure resulted in augmented expression levels of miR-34a-5p with an associated increase in adipogenesis. BBP significantly decreased the Nampt, Sirt1, and Sirt3 gene expression levels. However, a decrease in the protein expression was observed only for Nampt, indicating that miR-34a-5p under BBP exposure may regulate Sirt1/Sirt3 only at the transcriptional level. Interestingly, in the presence of BBP, knockdown of miR-34a-5p decreased adipogenesis in the differentiating 3T3-L1 cells. Furthermore, miR-34a-5p knockdown increased the Nampt protein expression levels as well as NAD+ levels, indicating that miR-34a-5p regulates Nampt during BBP exposure. Additionally, the NAD+-dependent sirtuin activity decreased in BBP-treated cells and increased in miR-34a-5p knockdown cells with BBP treatment. BBP exposure demonstrated the involvement of epigenetic regulation by altering the expression patterns of miR-34a-5p and its target Nampt, which may perturb the energy homeostasis of the differentiating adipocytes by altering NAD+ levels and sirtuin activity, resulting in increased adipogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunitha Meruvu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Irma Lerma Rangel College of Pharmacy, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Irma Lerma Rangel College of Pharmacy, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Mahua Choudhury
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Irma Lerma Rangel College of Pharmacy, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
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Choi SI, Kwon HY, Han X, Men X, Choi YE, Jang GW, Park KT, Han J, Lee OH. Environmental obesogens (bisphenols, phthalates and parabens) and their impacts on adipogenic transcription factors in the absence of dexamethasone in 3T3-L1 cells. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2021; 214:105994. [PMID: 34481040 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2021.105994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are exogenous compounds that are capable of blocking or mimicking the action of bioidentical hormones. Obesogenic EDCs, commonly called obesogens, play an important role in adipogenesis. This study was carried out to determine the effects of select obesogens and their alternatives on adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells under dexamethasone (DEX)-free conditions. Preadipocytes were treated with a cocktail of 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX) and insulin to which an obesogen (viz., bisphenol A (BPA) or its analogs BPS and BPF; dioctyl terephthalate; tris (2-ethylhexyl) trimellitate; or various parabens) had been added. A mixture containing IBMX, insulin, and DEX, which constitute the typical hormonal cocktail required for adipocyte differentiation, was used as the control against which the other groups were measured. The obesogens and the PBA analogs all had evident adipogenic effects under DEX-free conditions, as was determined by estimating the lipid accumulation levels in the cells using Oil Red O staining. Furthermore, the expression of adipogenic transcription factors (CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein-alpha, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma, and adipocyte protein 2) was induced by 20 μM of BPA, BPS, or BPF at both the mRNA and protein levels, as determined through reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and western blot assays. Taken together, the results reveal that adipocyte differentiation can be induced by obesogens and their alternatives in the absence of DEX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun-Il Choi
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Environmental Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Yeon Kwon
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Environmental Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Xionggao Han
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Environmental Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Xiao Men
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Environmental Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Ye-Eun Choi
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Environmental Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Gill-Woong Jang
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Environmental Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Keun-Tae Park
- MilaeBio Resources Co., Ltd., Seoul, 05836, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongkwon Han
- MilaeBio Resources Co., Ltd., Seoul, 05836, Republic of Korea
| | - Ok-Hwan Lee
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Environmental Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea.
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Francis CE, Allee L, Nguyen H, Grindstaff RD, Miller CN, Rayalam S. Endocrine disrupting chemicals: Friend or foe to brown and beige adipose tissue? Toxicology 2021; 463:152972. [PMID: 34606950 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2021.152972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The effects of Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals (EDCs) on the current obesity epidemic is a growing field of interest. Numerous EDCs have shown the potential to alter energy metabolism, which may increase the risk of obesity, in part, through direct actions on adipose tissue. While white adipose tissue has historically been the primary focus of this work, evidence of the EDC-induced disruption of brown and beige adipose tissues continues to build. Both brown and beige fat are thermogenic adipose depots rich in mitochondria that dispense heat when activated. Due to these properties, brown and beige fat are implicated in metabolic diseases such as obesity, diabetes, and cachexia. This review delves into the current literature of different EDCs, including bisphenols, dioxins, air pollutants, phthalates, and phytochemicals. The possible implications that these EDCs have on thermogenic adipose tissues are covered. This review also introduces the possibility of using brown and beige fat as a therapeutic target organ by taking advantage of some of the properties of EDCs. Collectively, we provide a comprehensive discussion of the evidence of EDC disruption in white, brown, and beige fat and highlight gaps worthy of further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Logan Allee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, Georgia Campus, Suwanee, GA, USA
| | - Helen Nguyen
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Rachel D Grindstaff
- Neuroendocrine Toxicology Brach, Public Health and Integrative Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Colette N Miller
- Cardiopulmonary Immunotoxicology Branch, Public Health and Integrative Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.
| | - Srujana Rayalam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, Georgia Campus, Suwanee, GA, USA.
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Biemann R, Blüher M, Isermann B. Exposure to endocrine-disrupting compounds such as phthalates and bisphenol A is associated with an increased risk for obesity. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 2021; 35:101546. [PMID: 33966978 DOI: 10.1016/j.beem.2021.101546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence from epidemiological, animal and in vitro studies suggests that the increased production of synthetic chemicals that interfere with the proper functioning of the hormonal system, so-called endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDCs), might be involved in the development and rapid spread of obesity, coined the obesity epidemic. Recent findings have demonstrated that EDCs may interfere with hormonal receptors that regulate adipogenesis and metabolic pathways. Furthermore, prenatal exposure to EDCs has been shown to influence the metabolism of the developing embryo through epigenetic mechanisms and to promote obesity in subsequent generations. In this Review, we discuss the potential impact of bisphenol A (BPA) and phthalate-based plasticizers on obesity and obesity-related metabolic disorders. Special emphasis is given to the obesogenic effects of prenatal exposure and strategies for identifying, regulating, and replacing EDCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald Biemann
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, University Hospital Leipzig, Paul-List-Str. 13/15, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Matthias Blüher
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG) of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital Leipzig, Liebigstr. 21, 04103, Leipzig, Germany; Medical Department III - Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Liebigstr. 21, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Berend Isermann
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, University Hospital Leipzig, Paul-List-Str. 13/15, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
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Reproducibility of adipogenic responses to metabolism disrupting chemicals in the 3T3-L1 pre-adipocyte model system: An interlaboratory study. Toxicology 2021; 461:152900. [PMID: 34411659 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2021.152900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The 3T3-L1 murine pre-adipocyte line is an established cell culture model for screening Metabolism Disrupting Chemicals (MDCs). Despite a need to accurately identify MDCs for further evaluation, relatively little research has been performed to comprehensively evaluate reproducibility across laboratories, assess factors that might contribute to varying degrees of differentiation between laboratories (media additives, plastics, cell source, etc.), or to standardize protocols. As such, the goals of this study were to assess interlaboratory variability of efficacy and potency outcomes for triglyceride accumulation and pre-adipocyte proliferation using the mouse 3T3-L1 pre-adipocyte cell assay to test chemicals. Ten laboratories from five different countries participated. Each laboratory evaluated one reference chemical (rosiglitazone) and three blinded test chemicals (tributyltin chloride, pyraclostrobin, and bisphenol A) using: 1) their Laboratory-specific 3T3-L1 Cells (LC) and their Laboratory-specific differentiation Protocol (LP), 2) Shared 3T3-L1 Cells (SC) with LP, 3) LC with a Shared differentiation Protocol (SP), and 4) SC with SP. Blinded test chemical responses were analyzed by the coordinating laboratory. The magnitude and range of bioactivities reported varied considerably across laboratories and test conditions, though the presence or absence of activity for each tested chemical was more consistent. Triglyceride accumulation activity determinations for rosiglitazone ranged from 90 to 100% across test conditions, but 30-70 % for pre-adipocyte proliferation; this was 40-80 % for triglyceride accumulation induced by pyraclostrobin, 80-100 % for tributyltin, and 80-100 % for bisphenol A. Consistency was much lower for pre-adipocyte proliferation, with 30-70 % active determinations for pyraclostrobin, 30-50 % for tributyltin, and 20-40 % for bisphenol A. Greater consistency was observed for the SC/SP assessment. As such, working to develop a standardized adipogenic differentiation protocol represents the best strategy for improving consistency of adipogenic responses using the 3T3-L1 model to reproducibly identify MDCs and increase confidence in reported outcomes.
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Rao A, Douglas SC, Hall JM. Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals, Hormone Receptors, and Acne Vulgaris: A Connecting Hypothesis. Cells 2021; 10:cells10061439. [PMID: 34207527 PMCID: PMC8228950 DOI: 10.3390/cells10061439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The relationship between endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) and the pathogenesis of acne vulgaris has yet to be explored in the literature. Acne vulgaris is a chronic inflammatory skin disease of the pilosebaceous unit. The pathogenesis of acne involves several hormonal pathways, including androgens, insulin-like growth factor 1(IGF-1), estrogens, and corticosteroids. EDCs influence these pathways primarily through two mechanisms: altering endogenous hormone levels and interfering with hormone receptor function. This review article describes the mechanistic links between EDCs and the development of acne lesions. Highlighted is the contributory role of androgen receptor ligands, such as bisphenol A (BPA) and mono-2-ethylhexyl Phthalate (MEHP), via upregulation of lipogenic genes and resultant exacerbation of cholesterol synthesis. Additionally discussed is the protective role of phytoestrogen EDCs in counteracting androgen-induced sebocyte maturation through attenuation of PPARy transcriptional activity (i.e., resveratrol) and restoration of estrogen-regulated TGF-B expression in skin cells (i.e., genistein). Examination of the relationship between EDCs and acne vulgaris may inform adjunctive avenues of treatment such as limiting environmental exposures, and increasing low-glycemic, plant-rich foods in the diet. With a better understanding of the cumulative role that EDCs play in acne, clinicians can be better equipped to treat and ultimately improve the lives of their patients.
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Rodgers A, Sferruzzi-Perri AN. Developmental programming of offspring adipose tissue biology and obesity risk. Int J Obes (Lond) 2021; 45:1170-1192. [PMID: 33758341 PMCID: PMC8159749 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-021-00790-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is reaching epidemic proportions and imposes major negative health crises and an economic burden in both high and low income countries. The multifaceted nature of obesity represents a major health challenge, with obesity affecting a variety of different organs and increases the risk of many other noncommunicable diseases, such as type 2 diabetes, fatty liver disease, dementia, cardiovascular diseases, and even cancer. The defining organ of obesity is the adipose tissue, highlighting the need to more comprehensively understand the development and biology of this tissue to understand the pathogenesis of obesity. Adipose tissue is a miscellaneous and highly plastic endocrine organ. It comes in many different sizes and shades and is distributed throughout many different locations in the body. Though its development begins prenatally, quite uniquely, it has the capacity for unlimited growth throughout adulthood. Adipose tissue is also a highly sexually dimorphic tissue, patterning men and women in different ways, which means the risks associated with obesity are also sexually dimorphic. Recent studies show that environmental factors during prenatal and early stages of postnatal development have the capacity to programme the structure and function of adipose tissue, with implications for the development of obesity. This review summarizes the evidence for a role for early environmental factors, such as maternal malnutrition, hypoxia, and exposure to excess hormones and endocrine disruptors during gestation in the programming of adipose tissue and obesity in the offspring. We will also discuss the complexity of studying adipose tissue biology and the importance of appreciating nuances in adipose tissue, such as sexual dimorphism and divergent responses to metabolic and endocrine stimuli. Given the rising levels of obesity worldwide, understanding how environmental conditions in early life affects adipose tissue phenotype and the subsequent development of obesity is of absolute importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Rodgers
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, Downing Street, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Amanda N Sferruzzi-Perri
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, Downing Street, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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Cohen IC, Cohenour ER, Harnett KG, Schuh SM. BPA, BPAF and TMBPF Alter Adipogenesis and Fat Accumulation in Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells, with Implications for Obesity. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22105363. [PMID: 34069744 PMCID: PMC8160667 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22105363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is an endocrine-disrupting chemical used in the production of plastics, and is linked to developmental, reproductive, and metabolic disorders including obesity. Manufacturers have begun using ‘BPA-free’ alternatives instead of BPA in many consumer products. However, these alternatives have had much less testing and oversight, yet they are already being mass-produced and used across industries from plastics to food-contact coatings. Here, we used human female adipose-derived stem cells (hASCs), a type of adult mesenchymal stem cell, to compare the effects of BPA and BPA alternatives on adipogenesis or fat cell development in vitro. We focused on two commonly used BPA replacements, bisphenol AF (BPAF) and tetramethyl bisphenol F (TMBPF; monomer of the new valPure V70 food-contact coating). Human ASCs were differentiated into adipocytes using chemically defined media in the presence of control differentiation media with and without 17β-estradiol (E2; 10 μM), or with increasing doses of BPA (0, 0.1 and 1 μM), BPAF (0, 0.1, 1 and 10 nM), or TMBPF (0, 0.01 and 0.1 μM). After differentiation, the cells were stained and imaged to visualize and quantify the accumulation of lipid vacuoles and number of developing fat cells. Treated cells were also examined for cell viability and apoptosis (programmed cell death) using the respective cellular assays. Similar to E2, BPA at 0.1 μM and BPAF at 0.1 nM, significantly increased adipogenesis and lipid production by 20% compared to control differentiated cells (based on total lipid vacuole number to cell number ratios), whereas higher levels of BPA and BPAF significantly decreased adipogenesis (p < 0.005). All tested doses of TMBPF significantly reduced adipogenesis and lipid production by 30–40%, likely at least partially through toxic effects on stem cells, as viable cell numbers decreased and apoptosis levels increased throughout differentiation. These findings indicate that low, environmentally-relevant doses of BPA, BPAF, and TMBPF have significant effects on fat cell development and lipid accumulation, with TMBPF having non-estrogenic, anti-adipogenic effects. These and other recent results may provide a potential cellular mechanism between exposure to bisphenols and human obesity, and underscore the likely impact of these chemicals on fat development in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel C. Cohen
- Department of Biology, Saint Mary’s College of California, Moraga, CA 94575, USA; (I.C.C.); (K.G.H.)
| | - Emry R. Cohenour
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, California State University, East Bay, Hayward, CA 94542, USA;
| | - Kristen G. Harnett
- Department of Biology, Saint Mary’s College of California, Moraga, CA 94575, USA; (I.C.C.); (K.G.H.)
| | - Sonya M. Schuh
- Department of Biology, Saint Mary’s College of California, Moraga, CA 94575, USA; (I.C.C.); (K.G.H.)
- Correspondence:
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Leng Y, Sun Y, Huang W, Lv C, Cui J, Li T, Wang Y. Identification of dicyclohexyl phthalate as a glucocorticoid receptor antagonist by molecular docking and multiple in vitro methods. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:3145-3154. [PMID: 33881729 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06303-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The potential activities of phthalate esters (PAEs) that interfere with the endocrine system have been focused recently. However, information on modulating the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) of PAEs is scarce. Our aim was to evaluate the agonistic / antagonistic properties of PAEs on human GR. Luciferase reporter gene assay revealed that the tested chemicals displayed no agonistic effects but dicyclohexyl phthalate (DCHP) exerted antagonistic activity in a dose-responsive manner for GR in HeLa cells. The effects of DCHP on dexamethasone (DEX)-induced GR nuclear translocation and gene expression of glucocorticoid-responsive gene expression (G6Pase, PEPCK, FAS, GILZ and MKP-1), as well as protein expression of G6Pase and PEPCK were further examined by RT-qPCR and western blot analysis. DCHP antagonized DEX-induced GR nuclear translocation and suppressed gene expression in both mRNA and protein levels. Furthermore, the results of molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation showed that DCHP could bind to GR and exhibited potential regulation on this target protein. Collectively, we demonstrate that DCHP may act as a GR antagonist in vitro and is considered to exert endocrine effects via human GR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Leng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Yonghai Sun
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Institute of Agro-Food Technology, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130033, Jilin, China
| | - Chengyu Lv
- Institute of Agro-Food Technology, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130033, Jilin, China
| | - Jingyan Cui
- Institute of Agro-Food Technology, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130033, Jilin, China
| | - Tiezhu Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China. .,Institute of Agro-Food Technology, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130033, Jilin, China.
| | - Yongjun Wang
- Institute of Agro-Food Technology, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130033, Jilin, China.
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Salehpour A, Shidfar F, Hedayati M, Farshad AA, Tehrani AN, Mohammadi S. Molecular mechanisms of vitamin D plus Bisphenol A effects on adipogenesis in human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2021; 13:41. [PMID: 33836827 PMCID: PMC8033712 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-021-00661-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is considered a major health concern and mounting evidence suggests that the exposure to environmental endocrine disruptors, including Bisphenol-A (BPA), may enhance the risk to develop the disease. Moreover, growing documents propose that the vitamin D may contribute to adipogenic signaling and lipid accumulation during adipocyte differentiation. We focused on the molecular mechanism of vitamin D and BPA in human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hADMSCs) which vitamin D and BPA may influence adipose tissue development and function. METHODS Human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells were cultured for 14 days in lipogenic differentiation media containing continuous concentrations of vitamin D plus BPA (0.1 nM or 10 nM). The expression of adipogenic markers including the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), CCAAT-enhancer-binding protein α (C/EBP α) CCAAT-enhancer-binding protein β (C/EBP β), fatty acid synthase (FASN), lipoprotein lipase (LPL), sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c (SREBP1c), insulin-induced gene-2 (INSIG2), vitamin D receptor (VDR), estrogen receptor-beta (ER-β), fatty acid-binding protein-4 (FABP4), and glucose transporter-4 (GLUT4) was measured using Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Lipid accumulation was visualized with staining with Oil Red O. RESULTS In the morphological assessment of mesenchymal stem cells treated with a concentration of 10 nM vitamin D plus BPA, more lipid accumulations were observed in comparison with the group with 0.1 nM concentration. Treatment of hADMSCs with vitamin D plus BPA (0.1 nM) significantly inhibited the induction of PPARγ, C/EBP β, C/EBP α, and FASN related to adipocyte differentiation and development. However, the exposure of cells to the concentration of 10 nM vitamin D plus BPA induced the expression of these genes associated to the adipogenesis. The remarkable increase in the level of SREBP1c was associated to the suppression of INSIG2 in treated preadipocytes with 10 nM vitamin D plus BPA. Our findings showed that the expression of VDR, ERβ, GLUT4, and FABP4 were upregulated through differentiation with the highest concentrations in 0.1 nM vitamin D plus BPA group for VDR, ERβ, and GLUT4. CONCLUSIONS Vitamin D plus BPA at concentration of 10 nM boosted the adipogenesis during the critical stages of adipocytes development, whereas it seems to inhibit this process at concentration of 0.1 nM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Salehpour
- Occupational Health Research Center, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Shahid Hemmat Highway, 1449614535, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzad Shidfar
- Occupational Health Research Center, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Shahid Hemmat Highway, 1449614535, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mehdi Hedayati
- Cellular and Molecular Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Asghar Farshad
- Occupational Health Research Center, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Shahid Hemmat Highway, 1449614535, Tehran, Iran
| | - Asal Neshatbini Tehrani
- Department of Nutrition, School of Paramedical, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Saeed Mohammadi
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Le Magueresse-Battistoni B. Endocrine disrupting chemicals and metabolic disorders in the liver: What if we also looked at the female side? CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 268:129212. [PMID: 33359838 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.129212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are linked to the worldwide epidemic incidence of metabolic disorders and fatty liver diseases, which affects quality of life and represents a high economic cost to society. Energy homeostasis exhibits strong sexual dimorphic traits, and metabolic organs respond to EDCs depending on sex, such as the liver, which orchestrates both drug elimination and glucose and lipid metabolism. In addition, fatty liver diseases show a strong sexual bias, which in part could also originate from sex differences observed in gut microbiota. The aim of this review is to highlight significant differences in endocrine and metabolic aspects of the liver, between males and females throughout development and into adulthood. It is also to illustrate how the male and female liver differently cope with exposure to various EDCs such as bisphenols, phthalates and persistent organic chemicals in order to draw attention to the need to include both sexes in experimental studies. Interesting data come from analyses of the composition and diversity of the gut microbiota in males exposed to the mentioned EDCs showing significant correlations with hepatic lipid accumulation and metabolic disorders but information on females is lacking or incomplete. As industrialization increases, the list of anthropogenic chemicals to which humans will be exposed will also likely increase. In addition to strengthening existing regulations, encouraging populations to protect themselves and promoting the substitution of harmful chemicals with safe products, innovative strategies based on sex differences in the gut microbiota and in the gut-liver axis could be optimistic outlook.
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Callaghan MA, Alatorre-Hinojosa S, Connors LT, Singh RD, Thompson JA. Plasticizers and Cardiovascular Health: Role of Adipose Tissue Dysfunction. Front Pharmacol 2021; 11:626448. [PMID: 33716730 PMCID: PMC7947604 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.626448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the 1950s, the production of plastics has increased 200-fold, reaching 360 million tonnes in 2019. Plasticizers, additives that modify the flexibility and rigidity of the product, are ingested as they migrate into food and beverages. Human exposure is continuous and widespread; between 75 and 97% of urine samples contain detectable levels of bisphenols and phthalates, the most common plasticizers. Concern over the toxicity of plasticizers arose in the late 1990s, largely focused around adverse developmental and reproductive effects. More recently, many studies have demonstrated that exposure to plasticizers increases the risk for obesity, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease (CVD). In the 2000s, many governments including Canada, the United States and European countries restricted the use of certain plasticizers in products targeted towards infants and children. Resultant consumer pressure motivated manufacturers to substitute plasticizers with analogues, which have been marketed as safe. However, data on the effects of these new substitutes are limited and data available to-date suggest that many exhibit similar properties to the chemicals they replaced. The adverse effects of plasticizers have largely been attributed to their endocrine disrupting properties, which modulate hormone signaling. Adipose tissue has been well-documented to be a target of the disrupting effects of both bisphenols and phthalates. Since adipose tissue function is a key determinant of cardiovascular health, adverse effects of plasticizers on adipocyte signaling and function may underlie their link to cardiovascular disease. Herein, we discuss the current evidence linking bisphenols and phthalates to obesity and CVD and consider how documented impacts of these plasticizers on adipocyte function may contribute to the development of CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikyla A Callaghan
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Libin Cardiovascular Institute, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | | | - Liam T Connors
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Libin Cardiovascular Institute, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Radha D Singh
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Libin Cardiovascular Institute, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Jennifer A Thompson
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Libin Cardiovascular Institute, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Alberta Children's Health Research Institute, Calgary, AB, Canada
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Martínez-Ibarra A, Martínez-Razo LD, MacDonald-Ramos K, Morales-Pacheco M, Vázquez-Martínez ER, López-López M, Rodríguez Dorantes M, Cerbón M. Multisystemic alterations in humans induced by bisphenol A and phthalates: Experimental, epidemiological and clinical studies reveal the need to change health policies. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 271:116380. [PMID: 33387779 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.116380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A vast amount of evidence indicates that bisphenol A (BPA) and phthalates are widely distributed in the environment since these compounds are mass-produced for the manufacture of plastics and plasticizers. These compounds belong to a large group of substances termed endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDC). It is well known that humans and living organisms are unavoidably and unintentionally exposed to BPA and phthalates from food packaging materials and many other everyday products. BPA and phthalates exert their effect by interfering with hormone synthesis, bioavailability, and action, thereby altering cellular proliferation and differentiation, tissue development, and the regulation of several physiological processes. In fact, these EDC can alter fetal programming at an epigenetic level, which can be transgenerational transmitted and may be involved in the development of various chronic pathologies later in the adulthood, including metabolic, reproductive and degenerative diseases, and certain types of cancer. In this review, we describe the most recent proposed mechanisms of action of these EDC and offer a compelling selection of experimental, epidemiological and clinical studies, which show evidence of how exposure to these pollutants affects our health during development, and their association with a wide range of reproductive, metabolic and neurological diseases, as well as hormone-related cancers. We stress the importance of concern in the general population and the urgent need for the medical health care system to closely monitor EDC levels in the population due to unavoidable and involuntary exposure to these pollutants and their impact on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Martínez-Ibarra
- Doctorado en Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Ciudad de México 04960, Mexico; Unidad de Investigación en Reproducción Humana, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología "Isidro Espinosa de Los Reyes" - Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 11000, Mexico
| | - L D Martínez-Razo
- Unidad de Investigación en Reproducción Humana, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología "Isidro Espinosa de Los Reyes" - Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 11000, Mexico
| | - K MacDonald-Ramos
- Unidad de Investigación en Reproducción Humana, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología "Isidro Espinosa de Los Reyes" - Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 11000, Mexico
| | - M Morales-Pacheco
- Unidad de Investigación en Reproducción Humana, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología "Isidro Espinosa de Los Reyes" - Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 11000, Mexico
| | - E R Vázquez-Martínez
- Unidad de Investigación en Reproducción Humana, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología "Isidro Espinosa de Los Reyes" - Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 11000, Mexico
| | - M López-López
- Departamento de Sistemas Biológicos, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Ciudad de México 04960, Mexico
| | | | - M Cerbón
- Unidad de Investigación en Reproducción Humana, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología "Isidro Espinosa de Los Reyes" - Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 11000, Mexico.
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Long Z, Fan J, Wu G, Liu X, Wu H, Liu J, Chen Y, Su S, Cheng X, Xu Z, Su H, Cao M, Zhang C, Hai C, Wang X. Gestational bisphenol A exposure induces fatty liver development in male offspring mice through the inhibition of HNF1b and upregulation of PPARγ. Cell Biol Toxicol 2021; 37:65-84. [PMID: 32623698 PMCID: PMC7851022 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-020-09535-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is an endocrine-disrupting chemical (EDC) associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The effects of gestational BPA exposure on hepatic lipid accumulation in offspring are not fully understood. Here, we investigate the sex-dependent effects of gestational BPA exposure on hepatic lipid and glucose metabolism in the offspring of mice to reveal the mechanisms underlying gestational BPA exposure-associated NAFLD. Pregnant mice were administered gavage with or without 1 μg kg-1 day-1 BPA at embryonic day 7.5 (E7.5)-E16.5. Hepatic glucose and lipid metabolism were evaluated in these models. Both male and female offspring mice exhibited hepatic fatty liver after BPA treatment. Lipid accumulation and dysfunction of glucose metabolism were observed in male offspring. We revealed abnormal expression of lipid regulators in the liver and that inhibition of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) repressed hepatic lipid accumulation induced by gestational BPA exposure. We also found a sex-dependent decrease of hepatocyte nuclear factor 1b (HNF1b) expression in male offspring. The transcriptional repression of PPARγ by HNF1b was confirmed in L02 cells. Downregulation of HNF1b, upregulation of PPARγ, and subsequent upregulation of hepatic lipid accumulation were essential for NAFLD development in male offspring gestationally exposed to BPA as well as BPA-exposed adult male mice. Dysregulation of the HNF1b/PPARγ pathway may be involved in gestational BPA exposure-induced NAFLD in male offspring. These data provide new insights into the mechanism of gestational BPA exposure-associated sex-dependent glucose and lipid metabolic dysfunction. Graphical abstract Schematic of the mechanism of gestational BPA exposure-induced glucose and lipid metabolic dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi Long
- Department of Toxicology, Shaanxi Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Air Force Medical University (Fourth Military Medical University), Changle West Road 169, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Junshu Fan
- Department of Toxicology, Shaanxi Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Air Force Medical University (Fourth Military Medical University), Changle West Road 169, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Guangyuan Wu
- Department of Toxicology, Shaanxi Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Air Force Medical University (Fourth Military Medical University), Changle West Road 169, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Xiyu Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Air Force Medical University (Fourth Military Medical University), Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Toxicology, Shaanxi Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Air Force Medical University (Fourth Military Medical University), Changle West Road 169, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Jiangzheng Liu
- Department of Toxicology, Shaanxi Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Air Force Medical University (Fourth Military Medical University), Changle West Road 169, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yao Chen
- Department of Toxicology, Shaanxi Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Air Force Medical University (Fourth Military Medical University), Changle West Road 169, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Shuhao Su
- Department of Toxicology, Shaanxi Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Air Force Medical University (Fourth Military Medical University), Changle West Road 169, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Xiaodong Cheng
- Department of Toxicology, Shaanxi Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Air Force Medical University (Fourth Military Medical University), Changle West Road 169, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Zhongrui Xu
- Department of Toxicology, Shaanxi Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Air Force Medical University (Fourth Military Medical University), Changle West Road 169, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Hongfei Su
- Department of Toxicology, Shaanxi Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Air Force Medical University (Fourth Military Medical University), Changle West Road 169, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Meng Cao
- Department of Toxicology, Shaanxi Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Air Force Medical University (Fourth Military Medical University), Changle West Road 169, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Chunping Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, Shaanxi Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Air Force Medical University (Fourth Military Medical University), Changle West Road 169, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Chunxu Hai
- Department of Toxicology, Shaanxi Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Air Force Medical University (Fourth Military Medical University), Changle West Road 169, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi Province, China.
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Toxicology, Shaanxi Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Air Force Medical University (Fourth Military Medical University), Changle West Road 169, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi Province, China.
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Loganathan N, McIlwraith EK, Belsham DD. Bisphenol A Induces Agrp Gene Expression in Hypothalamic Neurons through a Mechanism Involving ATF3. Neuroendocrinology 2021; 111:678-695. [PMID: 32575098 DOI: 10.1159/000509592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bisphenol A (BPA) is a ubiquitous endocrine disrupting chemical and obesogen. Although limited evidence exists of the effects of BPA on hypothalamic agouti-related peptide (AgRP) levels, the mechanisms underlying these effects remain unknown. Given that AgRP is a potent orexigenic neuropeptide, determining the mechanism by which BPA increases AgRP is critical to preventing the progression to metabolic disease. METHODS Using quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, we investigated the response of Agrp-expressing mouse hypothalamic cell lines to BPA treatment. The percentage of total BPA entering hypothalamic cells in culture was quantified using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. In order to identify the mechanism underlying BPA-mediated changes in Agrp, siRNA knockdown of transcription factors, FOXO1, CHOP, ATF3, ATF4, ATF6, and small-molecule inhibitors of endoplasmic reticulum stress, JNK or MEK/ERK were used. RESULTS BPA increased mRNA levels of Agrp in six hypothalamic cell lines (mHypoA-59, mHypoE-41, mHypoA-2/12, mHypoE-46, mHypoE-44, and mHypoE-42). Interestingly, only 18% of the total BPA in the culture medium entered the cells after 24 h, suggesting that the exposure concentration is much lower than the treatment concentration. BPA increased pre-Agrp mRNA levels, indicating increased Agrp transcription. Knockdown of the transcription factor ATF3 prevented BPA-mediated increase in Agrp, pre-Agrp, and in part Npy mRNA levels. However, chemical chaperone, sodium phenylbutyrate, JNK inhibitor, SP600125, or the MEK/ERK inhibitor PD0352901 did not block BPA-induced Agrp upregulation. CONCLUSION Overall, these results indicate that hypothalamic Agrp is susceptible to dysregulation by BPA and implicate ATF3 as a common mediator of the orexigenic effects of BPA in hypothalamic neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neruja Loganathan
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Emma K McIlwraith
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Denise D Belsham
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,
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Vega N, Pinteur C, Buffelan G, Loizon E, Vidal H, Naville D, Le Magueresse-Battistoni B. Exposure to pollutants altered glucocorticoid signaling and clock gene expression in female mice. Evidence of tissue- and sex-specificity. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 262:127841. [PMID: 32784060 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Environmental pollutants suspected of disrupting the endocrine system are considered etiologic factors in the epidemic of metabolic disorders. As regulation of energy metabolism relies on the integrated action of a large number of hormones, we hypothesized that certain chemicals could trigger changes in glucocorticoid signaling. To this end, we exposed C57Bl6/J female and male mice between 5 and 20 weeks of age to a mixture of 2,3,7,8- tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (20 pg/kg body weight/day [bw/d]), polychlorobiphenyl 153 (200 ng/kg bw/d), di-[2-ethylhexyl]-phthalate (500 μg/kg bw/d) and bisphenol A (40 μg/kg bw/d). In female mice fed a standard diet (ST), we observed a decrease in plasma levels of leptin as well as a reduced expression of corticoid receptors Nr3c1 and Nr3c2, of leptin and of various canonical genes related to the circadian clock machinery in visceral (VAT) but not subcutaneous (SAT) adipose tissue. However, Nr3c1 and Nr3c2 mRNA levels did not change in high-fat-fed females exposed to pollutants. In ST-fed males, pollutants caused the same decrease of Nr3c1 mRNA levels in VAT observed in ST-fed females but levels of Nr3c2 and other clock-related genes found to be down-regulated in female VAT were enhanced in male SAT and not affected in male VAT. The expression of corticoid receptors was not affected in the livers of both sexes in response to pollutants. In summary, exposure to a mixture of pollutants at doses lower than the no-observed adverse effect levels (NoAELs) resulted in sex-dependent glucocorticoid signaling disturbances and clock-related gene expression modifications in the adipose tissue of ST-fed mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Vega
- Univ-Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, INSERM U1060, INRAé U1397, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, F-69310, Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - Claudie Pinteur
- Univ-Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, INSERM U1060, INRAé U1397, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, F-69310, Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - Gaël Buffelan
- Univ-Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, INSERM U1060, INRAé U1397, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, F-69310, Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - Emmanuelle Loizon
- Univ-Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, INSERM U1060, INRAé U1397, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, F-69310, Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - Hubert Vidal
- Univ-Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, INSERM U1060, INRAé U1397, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, F-69310, Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - Danielle Naville
- Univ-Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, INSERM U1060, INRAé U1397, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, F-69310, Pierre-Bénite, France
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