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Radaszkiewicz KA, Sulcova M, Kohoutkova E, Harnos J. The role of prickle proteins in vertebrate development and pathology. Mol Cell Biochem 2024; 479:1199-1221. [PMID: 37358815 PMCID: PMC11116189 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-023-04787-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
Prickle is an evolutionarily conserved family of proteins exclusively associated with planar cell polarity (PCP) signalling. This signalling pathway provides directional and positional cues to eukaryotic cells along the plane of an epithelial sheet, orthogonal to both apicobasal and left-right axes. Through studies in the fruit fly Drosophila, we have learned that PCP signalling is manifested by the spatial segregation of two protein complexes, namely Prickle/Vangl and Frizzled/Dishevelled. While Vangl, Frizzled, and Dishevelled proteins have been extensively studied, Prickle has been largely neglected. This is likely because its role in vertebrate development and pathologies is still being explored and is not yet fully understood. The current review aims to address this gap by summarizing our current knowledge on vertebrate Prickle proteins and to cover their broad versatility. Accumulating evidence suggests that Prickle is involved in many developmental events, contributes to homeostasis, and can cause diseases when its expression and signalling properties are deregulated. This review highlights the importance of Prickle in vertebrate development, discusses the implications of Prickle-dependent signalling in pathology, and points out the blind spots or potential links regarding Prickle, which could be studied further.
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Affiliation(s)
- K A Radaszkiewicz
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, 62500, Czechia
| | - M Sulcova
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, 62500, Czechia
| | - E Kohoutkova
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, 62500, Czechia
| | - J Harnos
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, 62500, Czechia.
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Buerger F, Salmanullah D, Liang L, Gauntner V, Krueger K, Qi M, Sharma V, Rubin A, Ball D, Lemberg K, Saida K, Merz LM, Sever S, Issac B, Sun L, Guerrero-Castillo S, Gomez AC, McNulty MT, Sampson MG, Al-Hamed MH, Saleh MM, Shalaby M, Kari J, Fawcett JP, Hildebrandt F, Majmundar AJ. Recessive variants in the intergenic NOS1AP-C1orf226 locus cause monogenic kidney disease responsive to anti-proteinuric treatment. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2024:2024.03.17.24303374. [PMID: 38562757 PMCID: PMC10984069 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.17.24303374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
In genetic disease, an accurate expression landscape of disease genes and faithful animal models will enable precise genetic diagnoses and therapeutic discoveries, respectively. We previously discovered that variants in NOS1AP , encoding nitric oxide synthase 1 (NOS1) adaptor protein, cause monogenic nephrotic syndrome (NS). Here, we determined that an intergenic splice product of N OS1AP / Nos1ap and neighboring C1orf226/Gm7694 , which precludes NOS1 binding, is the predominant isoform in mammalian kidney transcriptional and proteomic data. Gm7694 -/- mice, whose allele exclusively disrupts the intergenic product, developed NS phenotypes. In two human NS subjects, we identified causative NOS1AP splice variants, including one predicted to abrogate intergenic splicing but initially misclassified as benign based on the canonical transcript. Finally, by modifying genetic background, we generated a faithful mouse model of NOS1AP -associated NS, which responded to anti-proteinuric treatment. This study highlights the importance of intergenic splicing and a potential treatment avenue in a mendelian disorder.
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3
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Abedrabbo M, Sloomy S, Abu-Leil R, Kfir-Cohen E, Ravid S. Scribble, Lgl1, and myosin IIA interact with α-/β-catenin to maintain epithelial junction integrity. Cell Adh Migr 2023; 17:1-23. [PMID: 37743653 PMCID: PMC10761038 DOI: 10.1080/19336918.2023.2260645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
E-cadherin-catenin complex together with the cytoskeleton, builds the core of Adherens junctions (AJs). It has been reported that Scribble stabilizes the coupling of E-cadherin with catenins promoting epithelial cell adhesion, but the mechanism remains unknown. We show that Scribble, Lgl1, and NMII-A reside in a complex with E-cadherin-catenin complex. Depletion of either Scribble or Lgl1 disrupts the localization of E-cadherin-catenin complex to AJs. aPKCζ phosphorylation of Lgl1 regulates AJ localization of Lgl1 and E-cadherin-catenin complexes. Both Scribble and Lgl1 regulate the activation and recruitment of NMII-A at AJs. Finally, Scribble and Lgl1 are downregulated by TGFβ-induced EMT, and their re-expression during EMT impedes its progression. Our results provide insight into the mechanism regulating AJ integrity by Scribble, Lgl1, and NMII-A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha Abedrabbo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Institute of Medical Research Israel-Canada, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Shirel Sloomy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Institute of Medical Research Israel-Canada, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Reham Abu-Leil
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Institute of Medical Research Israel-Canada, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Einav Kfir-Cohen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Institute of Medical Research Israel-Canada, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Shoshana Ravid
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Institute of Medical Research Israel-Canada, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
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4
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Fitzpatrick A, Iravani M, Mills A, Vicente D, Alaguthurai T, Roxanis I, Turner NC, Haider S, Tutt ANJ, Isacke CM. Genomic profiling and pre-clinical modelling of breast cancer leptomeningeal metastasis reveals acquisition of a lobular-like phenotype. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7408. [PMID: 37973922 PMCID: PMC10654396 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43242-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer leptomeningeal metastasis (BCLM), where tumour cells grow along the lining of the brain and spinal cord, is a devastating development for patients. Investigating this metastatic site is hampered by difficulty in accessing tumour material. Here, we utilise cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cell-free DNA (cfDNA) and CSF disseminated tumour cells (DTCs) to explore the clonal evolution of BCLM and heterogeneity between leptomeningeal and extracranial metastatic sites. Somatic alterations with potential therapeutic actionability were detected in 81% (17/21) of BCLM cases, with 19% detectable in CSF cfDNA only. BCLM was enriched in genomic aberrations in adherens junction and cytoskeletal genes, revealing a lobular-like breast cancer phenotype. CSF DTCs were cultured in 3D to establish BCLM patient-derived organoids, and used for the successful generation of BCLM in vivo models. These data reveal that BCLM possess a unique genomic aberration profile and highlight potential cellular dependencies in this hard-to-treat form of metastatic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Fitzpatrick
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- Comprehensive Cancer Centre, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Marjan Iravani
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Adam Mills
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - David Vicente
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | | | - Ioannis Roxanis
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Nicholas C Turner
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Syed Haider
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Andrew N J Tutt
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, Guy's Hospital, King's College London, London, UK
- Oncology and Haematology Directorate, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Clare M Isacke
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK.
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5
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Xie W, Xing N, Qu J, Liu D, Pang Q. The Physiological Function of nNOS-Associated CAPON Proteins and the Roles of CAPON in Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15808. [PMID: 37958792 PMCID: PMC10647562 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In this review, the structure, isoform, and physiological role of the carboxy-terminal PDZ ligand of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (CAPON) are summarized. There are three isoforms of CAPON in humans, including long CAPON protein (CAPON-L), short CAPON protein (CAPON-S), and CAPON-S' protein. CAPON-L includes three functional regions: a C-terminal PDZ-binding motif, carboxypeptidase (CPE)-binding region, and N-terminal phosphotyrosine (PTB) structural domain. Both CAPON-S and CAPON-S' only contain the C-terminal PDZ-binding motif. The C-terminal PDZ-binding motif of CAPON can bind with neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) and participates in regulating NO production and neuronal development. An overview is given on the relationship between CAPON and heart diseases, diabetes, psychiatric disorders, and tumors. This review will clarify future research directions on the signal pathways related to CAPON, which will be helpful for studying the regulatory mechanism of CAPON. CAPON may be used as a drug target, which will provide new ideas and solutions for treating human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Dongwu Liu
- Anti-Aging & Regenerative Medicine Research Institution, School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China; (W.X.); (N.X.)
| | - Qiuxiang Pang
- Anti-Aging & Regenerative Medicine Research Institution, School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China; (W.X.); (N.X.)
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Xinyu W, Qian W, Yanjun W, Jingwen K, Keying X, Jiazheng J, Haibing Z, Kai W, Xiao X, Lixing Z. Polarity protein AF6 functions as a modulator of necroptosis by regulating ubiquitination of RIPK1 in liver diseases. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:673. [PMID: 37828052 PMCID: PMC10570300 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-06170-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
AF6, a known polarity protein, contributes to the maintenance of homeostasis while ensuring tissue architecture, repair, and integrity. Mice that lack AF6 display embryonic lethality owing to cell-cell junction disruption. However, we show AF6 promotes necroptosis via regulating the ubiquitination of RIPK1 by directly interact with the intermediate domain of RIPK1, which was mediated by the deubiquitylase enzyme USP21. Consistently, while injection of mice with an adenovirus providing AF6 overexpression resulted in accelerated TNFα-induced necroptosis-mediated mortality in vivo, we observed that mice with hepatocyte-specific deletion of AF6 prevented hepatocytes from necroptosis and the subsequent inflammatory response in various liver diseases model, including non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and the systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS).Together, these data suggest that AF6 represents a novel regulator of RIPK1-RIPK3 dependent necroptotic pathway. Thus, the AF6-RIPK1-USP21 axis are potential therapeutic targets for treatment of various liver injuries and metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Xinyu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen Qian
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Wu Yanjun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Kong Jingwen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xu Keying
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiao Jiazheng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhang Haibing
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
| | - Wang Kai
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, China.
| | - Xu Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, China.
| | - Zhan Lixing
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
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7
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Dreyer CA, VanderVorst K, Natwick D, Bell G, Sood P, Hernandez M, Angelastro JM, Collins SR, Carraway KL. A complex of Wnt/planar cell polarity signaling components Vangl1 and Fzd7 drives glioblastoma multiforme malignant properties. Cancer Lett 2023; 567:216280. [PMID: 37336284 PMCID: PMC10582999 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2023.216280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Targeting common oncogenic drivers of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) in patients has remained largely ineffective, raising the possibility that alternative pathways may contribute to tumor aggressiveness. Here we demonstrate that Vangl1 and Fzd7, components of the non-canonical Wnt planar cell polarity (Wnt/PCP) signaling pathway, promote GBM malignancy by driving cellular proliferation, migration, and invasiveness, and engage Rho GTPases to promote cytoskeletal rearrangements and actin dynamics in migrating GBM cells. Mechanistically, we uncover the existence of a novel Vangl1/Fzd7 complex at the leading edge of migrating GBM cells and propose that this complex is critical for the recruitment of downstream effectors to promote tumor progression. Moreover, we observe that depletion of FZD7 results in a striking suppression of tumor growth and latency and extends overall survival in an intracranial mouse xenograft model. Our observations support a novel mechanism by which Wnt/PCP components Vangl1 and Fzd7 form a complex at the leading edge of migratory GBM cells to engage downstream effectors that promote actin cytoskeletal rearrangements dynamics. Our findings suggest that interference with Wnt/PCP pathway function may offer a novel therapeutic strategy for patients diagnosed with GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney A Dreyer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine and University of California Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Kacey VanderVorst
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine and University of California Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Dean Natwick
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - George Bell
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Prachi Sood
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine and University of California Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Maria Hernandez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine and University of California Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - James M Angelastro
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of California Davis School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Sean R Collins
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Kermit L Carraway
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine and University of California Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA.
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8
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Yao L, Li Y, Li S, Wang M, Cao H, Xu L, Xu Y. ARHGAP39 is a prognostic biomarker involved in immune infiltration in breast cancer. BMC Cancer 2023; 23:440. [PMID: 37189064 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-10904-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current studies on the role of ARHGAP39 mainly focused on its effect on neurodevelopment. However, there are few studies on the comprehensive analysis of ARHGAP39 in breast cancer. METHODS ARHGAP39 expression level was analyzed based on the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), the Genotype-Tissue Expression Project (GTEx), and the Clinical Proteomic Tumor Analysis Consortium (CPTAC) database and validated by qPCR in various cell lines and tumor tissues. The prognostic value was analyzed using Kaplan-Meier curve analysis. CCK-8 and transwell assays were conducted to identify the biological function of ARHGAP39 in tumorigenesis. Signaling pathways related to ARHGAP39 expression were identified by the GO and KEGG enrichment analysis and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA). The correlations between ARHGAP39 and cancer immune infiltrates were investigated via TIMER, CIBERSORT, ESTIMATE and tumor-immune system interactions database (TISIDB). RESULTS ARHGAP39 was overexpressed in breast cancer and associated with poor survival outcomes. In vitro experiments revealed that ARHGAP39 could facilitate the proliferation, migration, and invasion capability of breast cancer cells. GSEA analysis showed that the main enrichment pathways of ARHGAP39 was immunity-related pathways. Considering the immune infiltration level, ARHGAP39 was negatively associated with infiltrating levels of CD8 + T cell and macrophage, and positively associated with CD4 + T cell. Furthermore, ARHGAP39 was significantly negatively correlated with immune score, stromal score, and ESTIMATE score. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggested that ARHGAP39 can be used as a potential therapeutic target and prognostic biomarker in breast cancer. ARHGAP39 was indeed a determinant factor of immune infiltration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Litong Yao
- Department of Breast Surgery, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, China
| | - Yuwei Li
- Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Siyuan Li
- Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Mozhi Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, China
| | - Hongyi Cao
- Department of Pathology, the First Hospital of China Medical University and College of Basic Medical Sciences, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Ling Xu
- Department of Medical Oncology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yingying Xu
- Department of Breast Surgery, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, China.
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VanderVorst K, Dreyer CA, Hatakeyama J, Bell GRR, Learn JA, Berg AL, Hernandez M, Lee H, Collins SR, Carraway KL. Vangl-dependent Wnt/planar cell polarity signaling mediates collective breast carcinoma motility and distant metastasis. Breast Cancer Res 2023; 25:52. [PMID: 37147680 PMCID: PMC10163820 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-023-01651-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In light of the growing appreciation for the role of collective cell motility in metastasis, a deeper understanding of the underlying signaling pathways will be critical to translating these observations to the treatment of advanced cancers. Here, we examine the contribution of Wnt/planar cell polarity (Wnt/PCP), one of the non-canonical Wnt signaling pathways and defined by the involvement of the tetraspanin-like proteins Vangl1 and Vangl2, to breast tumor cell motility, collective cell invasiveness and mammary tumor metastasis. METHODS Vangl1 and Vangl2 knockdown and overexpression and Wnt5a stimulation were employed to manipulate Wnt/PCP signaling in a battery of breast cancer cell lines representing all breast cancer subtypes, and in tumor organoids from MMTV-PyMT mice. Cell migration was assessed by scratch and organoid invasion assays, Vangl protein subcellular localization was assessed by confocal fluorescence microscopy, and RhoA activation was assessed in real time by fluorescence imaging with an advanced FRET biosensor. The impact of Wnt/PCP suppression on mammary tumor growth and metastasis was assessed by determining the effect of conditional Vangl2 knockout on the MMTV-NDL mouse mammary tumor model. RESULTS We observed that Vangl2 knockdown suppresses the motility of all breast cancer cell lines examined, and overexpression drives the invasiveness of collectively migrating MMTV-PyMT organoids. Vangl2-dependent RhoA activity is localized in real time to a subpopulation of motile leader cells displaying a hyper-protrusive leading edge, Vangl protein is localized to leader cell protrusions within leader cells, and actin cytoskeletal regulator RhoA is preferentially activated in the leader cells of a migrating collective. Mammary gland-specific knockout of Vangl2 results in a striking decrease in lung metastases in MMTV-NDL mice, but does not impact primary tumor growth characteristics. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that Vangl-dependent Wnt/PCP signaling promotes breast cancer collective cell migration independent of breast tumor subtype and facilitates distant metastasis in a genetically engineered mouse model of breast cancer. Our observations are consistent with a model whereby Vangl proteins localized at the leading edge of leader cells in a migrating collective act through RhoA to mediate the cytoskeletal rearrangements required for pro-migratory protrusion formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kacey VanderVorst
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine and University of California Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Courtney A Dreyer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine and University of California Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Jason Hatakeyama
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - George R R Bell
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Julie A Learn
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine and University of California Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Anastasia L Berg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine and University of California Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Maria Hernandez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine and University of California Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Hyun Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine and University of California Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Sean R Collins
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Kermit L Carraway
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine and University of California Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA.
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10
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Konopelski Snavely SE, Srinivasan S, Dreyer CA, Tan J, Carraway KL, Ho HYH. Non-canonical WNT5A-ROR signaling: New perspectives on an ancient developmental pathway. Curr Top Dev Biol 2023; 153:195-227. [PMID: 36967195 PMCID: PMC11042798 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2023.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
Deciphering non-canonical WNT signaling has proven to be both fascinating and challenging. Discovered almost 30 years ago, non-canonical WNT ligands signal independently of the transcriptional co-activator β-catenin to regulate a wide range of morphogenetic processes during development. The molecular and cellular mechanisms that underlie non-canonical WNT function, however, remain nebulous. Recent results from various model systems have converged to define a core non-canonical WNT pathway consisting of the prototypic non-canonical WNT ligand, WNT5A, the receptor tyrosine kinase ROR, the seven transmembrane receptor Frizzled and the cytoplasmic scaffold protein Dishevelled. Importantly, mutations in each of these signaling components cause Robinow syndrome, a congenital disorder characterized by profound tissue morphogenetic abnormalities. Moreover, dysregulation of the pathway has also been linked to cancer metastasis. As new knowledge concerning the WNT5A-ROR pathway continues to grow, modeling these mutations will likely provide crucial insights into both the physiological regulation of the pathway and the etiology of WNT5A-ROR-driven diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara E Konopelski Snavely
- Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, University of California Davis, School of Medicine, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Srisathya Srinivasan
- Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, University of California Davis, School of Medicine, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Courtney A Dreyer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, United States
| | - Jia Tan
- Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, University of California Davis, School of Medicine, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Kermit L Carraway
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, United States
| | - Hsin-Yi Henry Ho
- Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, University of California Davis, School of Medicine, Davis, CA, United States.
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11
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Molecular Alterations and Putative Therapeutic Targeting of Planar Cell Polarity Proteins in Breast Cancer. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12020411. [PMID: 36675340 PMCID: PMC9864096 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12020411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Treatment and outcomes of breast cancer, one of the most prevalent female cancers, have improved in recent decades. However, metastatic breast cancer remains incurable in most cases, and new therapies are needed to ameliorate prognosis. Planar cell polarity (PCP) is a characteristic of epithelial cells that form layers and is integral to the communication of these cells with neighboring cells. Dysfunction of PCP is observed in cancers and may confer a targetable vulnerability. METHODS The breast cancer cohorts from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and the METABRIC study were interrogated for molecular alterations in genes of the PCP pathway. The groups with the most prevalent alterations were characterized, and survival was compared with counterparts not possessing PCP alterations. Breast cancer cell lines with PCP alterations from the Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia (CCLE) were interrogated for sensitivity to drugs affecting PCP. RESULTS Among genes of the PCP pathway, VANGL2, NOS1AP and SCRIB display amplifications in a sizable minority of breast cancers. Concomitant up-regulation at the mRNA level can be observed mostly in basal cancers, but it does not correlate well with the amplification status of the genes, as it can also be observed in non-amplified cases. In an exploration of cell line models, two of the four breast cancer cell line models with amplifications in VANGL2, NOS1AP and SCRIB display sensitivity to drugs inhibiting acyl-transferase porcupine interfering with the WNT pathway. This sensitivity suggests a possible therapeutic role of these inhibitors in cancers bearing the amplifications. CONCLUSION Molecular alterations in PCP genes can be observed in breast cancers with a predilection for the basal sub-type. An imperfect correlation of copy number alterations with mRNA expression suggests that post-translational modifications are important in PCP regulation. Inhibitors of acyl-transferase porcupine may be rational candidates for combination therapy development in PCP-altered breast cancers.
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12
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Whitford MKM, McCaffrey L. Polarity in breast development and cancer. Curr Top Dev Biol 2023; 154:245-283. [PMID: 37100520 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2023.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
Mammary gland development and breast cancer progression are associated with extensive remodeling of epithelial tissue architecture. Apical-basal polarity is a key feature of epithelial cells that coordinates key elements of epithelial morphogenesis including cell organization, proliferation, survival, and migration. In this review we discuss advances in our understanding of how apical-basal polarity programs are used in breast development and cancer. We describe cell lines, organoids, and in vivo models commonly used for studying apical-basal polarity in breast development and disease and discuss advantages and limitations of each. We also provide examples of how core polarity proteins regulate branching morphogenesis and lactation during development. We describe alterations to core polarity genes in breast cancer and their associations with patient outcomes. The impact of up- or down-regulation of key polarity proteins in breast cancer initiation, growth, invasion, metastasis, and therapeutic resistance are discussed. We also introduce studies demonstrating that polarity programs are involved in regulating the stroma, either through epithelial-stroma crosstalk, or through signaling of polarity proteins in non-epithelial cell types. Overall, a key concept is that the function of individual polarity proteins is highly contextual, depending on developmental or cancer stage and cancer subtype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mara K M Whitford
- Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Luke McCaffrey
- Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Gerald Bronfman Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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13
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WNT5A-ROR2 axis mediates VEGF dependence of BRAF mutant melanoma. Cell Oncol 2022; 46:391-407. [PMID: 36539575 PMCID: PMC10060292 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-022-00757-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Purpose
Despite recent advances, approximately 50% of patient with metastatic melanoma eventually succumb to the disease. Patients with melanomas harboring a BRAF mutation (BRAFMut) have a worse prognosis than those with wildtype (BRAFWT) tumors. Unexpectedly, interim AVAST-M Phase III trial data reported benefit from adjuvant anti-VEGF bevacizumab only in the BRAFMut group. We sought to find mechanisms underpinning this sensitivity.
Methods
We investigated this finding in vitro and in vivo using melanoma cell lines and clones generated by BRAFV600E knock-in on a BRAFWT background.
Results
Compared with BRAFWT cells, isogenic BRAFV600E clones secreted more VEGF and exhibited accelerated growth rates as spheroids and xenografts, which were more vascular and proliferative. Recapitulating AVAST-M findings, bevacizumab affected only BRAFV600E xenografts, inducing significant tumor growth delay, reduced vascularity and increased necrosis. We identified 814 differentially expressed genes in isogenic BRAFV600E/BRAFWT clones. Of 61 genes concordantly deregulated in clinical melanomas ROR2 was one of the most upregulated by BRAFV600E. ROR2 was shown to be RAF-MEK regulated in BRAFV600E cells and its depletion suppressed VEGF secretion down to BRAFWT levels. The ROR2 ligand WNT5A was also overexpressed in BRAFMut melanomas, and in ROR2-overexpressing BRAFV600E cells MEK inhibition downregulated WNT5A and VEGF secretion.
Conclusions
These data implicate WNT5A-ROR2 in VEGF secretion, vascularity, adverse outcomes and bevacizumab sensitivity of BRAFMut melanomas, suggesting that this axis has potential therapeutic relevance.
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Wang C, Qu K, Wang J, Qin R, Li B, Qiu J, Wang G. Biomechanical regulation of planar cell polarity in endothelial cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2022; 1868:166495. [PMID: 35850177 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2022.166495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Cell polarity refers to the uneven distribution of certain cytoplasmic components in a cell with a spatial order. The planar cell polarity (PCP), the cell aligns perpendicular to the polar plane, in endothelial cells (ECs) has become a research hot spot. The planar polarity of ECs has a positive significance on the regulation of cardiovascular dysfunction, pathological angiogenesis, and ischemic stroke. The endothelial polarity is stimulated and regulated by biomechanical force. Mechanical stimuli promote endothelial polarization and make ECs produce PCP to maintain the normal physiological and biochemical functions. Here, we overview recent advances in understanding the interplay and mechanism between PCP and ECs function involved in mechanical forces, with a focus on PCP signaling pathways and organelles in regulating the polarity of ECs. And then showed the related diseases caused by ECs polarity dysfunction. This study provides new ideas and therapeutic targets for the treatment of endothelial PCP-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caihong Wang
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Kai Qu
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Institute of Food and Nutrition Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Qin
- College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
| | - Bingyi Li
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Juhui Qiu
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Guixue Wang
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, China.
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15
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The Breast Cancer Protooncogenes HER2, BRCA1 and BRCA2 and Their Regulation by the iNOS/NOS2 Axis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11061195. [PMID: 35740092 PMCID: PMC9227079 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11061195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS; NOS2) and derived NO in various cancers was reported to exert pro- and anti-tumorigenic effects depending on the levels of expression and the tumor types. In humans, the breast cancer level of iNOS was reported to be overexpressed, to exhibit pro-tumorigenic activities, and to be of prognostic significance. Likewise, the expression of the oncogenes HER2, BRCA1, and BRCA2 has been associated with malignancy. The interrelationship between the expression of these protooncogenes and oncogenes and the expression of iNOS is not clear. We have hypothesized that there exist cross-talk signaling pathways between the breast cancer protooncogenes, the iNOS axis, and iNOS-mediated NO mutations of these protooncogenes into oncogenes. We review the molecular regulation of the expression of the protooncogenes in breast cancer and their interrelationships with iNOS expression and activities. In addition, we discuss the roles of iNOS, HER2, BRCA1/2, and NO metabolism in the pathophysiology of cancer stem cells. Bioinformatic analyses have been performed and have found suggested molecular alterations responsible for breast cancer aggressiveness. These include the association of BRCA1/2 mutations and HER2 amplifications with the dysregulation of the NOS pathway. We propose that future studies should be undertaken to investigate the regulatory mechanisms underlying the expression of iNOS and various breast cancer oncogenes, with the aim of identifying new therapeutic targets for the treatment of breast cancers that are refractory to current treatments.
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16
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Acharyya SR, Sen P, Kandasamy T, Ghosh SS. Designing of disruptor molecules to restrain the protein-protein interaction network of VANG1/SCRIB/NOS1AP using fragment-based drug discovery techniques. Mol Divers 2022:10.1007/s11030-022-10462-0. [PMID: 35648249 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-022-10462-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Governing protein-protein interaction networks are the cynosure of cell signaling and oncogenic networks. Multifarious processes when aligned with one another can result in a dysregulated output which can result in cancer progression. In the current research, one such network of proteins comprising VANG1/SCRIB/NOS1AP, which is responsible for cell migration, is targeted. The proteins are modeled using in-silico approaches, and the interaction is visualized utilizing protein-protein docking. Designing drugs for the convoluted protein network can serve as a challenging task that can be overcome by fragment-based drug designing, a recent game-changer in the computational drug discovery strategy for protein interaction networks. The model is exposed to the extraction of hotspots, also known as the restrained regions for small molecular hits. The hotspot regions are subjected to a library of generated fragments, which are then recombined and rejoined to develop small molecular disruptors of the macromolecular assemblage. Rapid screening methods using pharmacokinetic tools and 2D interaction studies resulted in four molecules that could serve the purpose of a disruptor. The final validation is executed by long-range simulations of 100 ns and exploring the stability of the complex using several parameters leading to the emergence of two novel molecules VNS003 and VNS005 that could be used as the disruptors of the protein assembly VANG1/SCRIB/NOS1AP. Also, the molecules were explored as single protein targets approbated via molecular docking and 100 ns molecular dynamics simulation. This concluded VNS003 as the most suitable inhibitor module capable of acting as a disruptor of a macromolecular assembly as well as acting on individual protein chains, thus leading to the primary hindrance in the formation of the protein interaction complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suchandra Roy Acharyya
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, 39, India
| | - Plaboni Sen
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, 39, India
| | - Thirukumaran Kandasamy
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, 39, India
| | - Siddhartha Sankar Ghosh
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, 39, India. .,Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, 39, India.
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17
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Dreyer CA, VanderVorst K, Carraway KL. Vangl as a Master Scaffold for Wnt/Planar Cell Polarity Signaling in Development and Disease. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:887100. [PMID: 35646914 PMCID: PMC9130715 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.887100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The establishment of polarity within tissues and dynamic cellular morphogenetic events are features common to both developing and adult tissues, and breakdown of these programs is associated with diverse human diseases. Wnt/Planar cell polarity (Wnt/PCP) signaling, a branch of non-canonical Wnt signaling, is critical to the establishment and maintenance of polarity in epithelial tissues as well as cell motility events critical to proper embryonic development. In epithelial tissues, Wnt/PCP-mediated planar polarity relies upon the asymmetric distribution of core proteins to establish polarity, but the requirement for this distribution in Wnt/PCP-mediated cell motility remains unclear. However, in both polarized tissues and migratory cells, the Wnt/PCP-specific transmembrane protein Vangl is required and appears to serve as a scaffold upon which the core pathway components as well as positive and negative regulators of Wnt/PCP signaling assemble. The current literature suggests that the multiple interaction domains of Vangl allow for the binding of diverse signaling partners for the establishment of context- and tissue-specific complexes. In this review we discuss the role of Vangl as a master scaffold for Wnt/PCP signaling in epithelial tissue polarity and cellular motility events in developing and adult tissues, and address how these programs are dysregulated in human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kermit L. Carraway
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine and the UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, UC Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, United States
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18
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Polarity protein SCRIB interacts with SLC3A2 to regulate proliferation and tamoxifen resistance in ER+ breast cancer. Commun Biol 2022; 5:403. [PMID: 35501367 PMCID: PMC9061724 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03363-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Estrogen receptor (ER) positive breast cancer represents 75% of all breast cancers in women. Although patients with ER+ cancers receive endocrine therapies, more than 30% develop resistance and succumb to the disease, highlighting the need to understand endocrine resistance. Here we show an unexpected role for the cell polarity protein SCRIB as a tumor-promoter and a regulator of endocrine resistance in ER-positive breast cancer cells. SCRIB expression is induced by estrogen signaling in a MYC-dependent manner. SCRIB interacts with SLC3A2, a heteromeric component of leucine amino acid transporter SLC7A5. SLC3A2 binds to the N-terminus of SCRIB to facilitate the formation of SCRIB/SLC3A2/LLGL2/SLC7A5 quaternary complex required for membrane localization of the amino acid transporter complex. Both SCRIB and SLC3A2 are required for cell proliferation and tamoxifen resistance in ER+ cells identifying a new role for the SCRIB/SLC3A2 complex in ER+ breast cancer.
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Chen SY, Chen KL, Ding LY, Yu CH, Wu HY, Chou YY, Chang CJ, Chang CH, Wu YN, Wu SR, Hou YC, Lee CT, Chen PC, Shan YS, Huang PH. RNA bisulfite sequencing reveals NSUN2-mediated suppression of epithelial differentiation in pancreatic cancer. Oncogene 2022; 41:3162-3176. [PMID: 35501460 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-022-02325-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Posttranscriptional modifications in RNA have been considered to contribute to disease pathogenesis and tumor progression. NOL1/NOP2/Sun domain family member 2 (NSUN2) is an RNA methyltransferase that promotes tumor progression in several cancers. Pancreatic cancer relapse inevitably occurs even in cases where primary tumors have been successfully treated. Associations of cancer progression due to reprogramming of the cancer methyl-metabolome and the cancer genome have been noted, but the effect of base modifications, namely 5-methylcytosine (m5C), in the transcriptome remains unclear. Aberrant regulation of 5-methylcytosine turnover in cancer may affect posttranscriptional modifications in coding and noncoding RNAs in disease pathogenesis. Mutations in NSUN2 have been reported as drivers of neurodevelopmental disorders in mice, and upregulated expression of NSUN2 in tumors of the breast, bladder, and pancreas has been reported. In this study, we conducted mRNA whole transcriptomic bisulfite sequencing to categorize NSUN2 target sites in the mRNA of human pancreatic cancer cells. We identified a total of 2829 frequent m5C sites in mRNA from pancreatic cancer cells. A total of 90.9% (2572/2829) of these m5C sites were mapped to annotated genes in autosomes and sex chromosomes X and Y. Immunohistochemistry staining confirmed that the NSUN2 expression was significantly upregulated in cancer lesions in the LSL-KrasG12D/+;Trp53fl/fl;Pdx1-Cre (KPC) spontaneous pancreatic cancer mouse model induced by Pdx1-driven Cre/lox system expressing mutant KrasG12D and p53 deletion. The in vitro phenotypic analysis of NSUN2 knockdown showed mild effects on pancreatic cancer cell 2D/3D growth, morphology and gemcitabine sensitivity in the early phase of tumorigenesis, but cumulative changes after multiple cell doubling passages over time were required for these mutations to accumulate. Syngeneic transplantation of NSUN2-knockdown KPC cells via subcutaneous injection showed decreased stromal fibrosis and restored differentiation of ductal epithelium in vivo. SIGNIFICANCE: Transcriptome-wide mRNA bisulfite sequencing identified candidate m5C sites of mRNAs in human pancreatic cancer cells. NSUN2-mediated m5C mRNA metabolism was observed in a mouse model of pancreatic cancer. NSUN2 regulates cancer progression and epithelial differentiation via mRNA methylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szu-Ying Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Lin Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Li-Yun Ding
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Hung Yu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Yi Wu
- Instrumentation Center, College of Science, National Taiwan University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Yi Chou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Jung Chang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Han Chang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Medical Device Innovation Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Center for Corporate Relations and Technology Transfer, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Na Wu
- International Institute for Macromolecular Analysis and Nanomedicine Innovations, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Shang-Rung Wu
- International Institute for Macromolecular Analysis and Nanomedicine Innovations, Tainan, Taiwan
- Institute of Oral Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Chin Hou
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Ta Lee
- Department of Pathology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Peng-Chieh Chen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yan-Shen Shan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
| | - Po-Hsien Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
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Wang PY, Yang S, Bao YJ. An Integrative Analysis Framework for Identifying the Prognostic Markers from Multidimensional RNA Data of Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2022; 192:671-686. [PMID: 35063405 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2021.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The altered regulatory status of long noncoding RNA (lncRNA), miRNA, and mRNA and their interactions play critical roles in tumor proliferation, metastasis, and progression, which ultimately influence cancer prognosis. However, there are limited studies of comprehensive identification of prognostic biomarkers from combined data sets of the three RNA types in the highly metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). The current study employed an integrative analysis framework of functional genomics approaches and machine learning methods to the lncRNA, miRNA, and mRNA data and identified 16 RNAs (3 lncRNAs, 6 miRNAs, and 7 mRNAs) of prognostic value, with 9 of them novel. A 16 RNA-based score was established for prognosis prediction of ccRCC with significance (P < 0.0001). The area under the curve for the score model was 0.868 to 0.870 in the training cohort and 0.714 to 0.778 in the validation cohort. Construction of the lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA interaction network showed that the downstream mRNAs and upstream lncRNAs in the network initiated from the miRNA or lncRNA markers exhibit significant enrichment in functional classifications associated with cancer metastasis, proliferation, progression, or prognosis. The functional analysis provided clear support for the role of the RNA biomarkers in predicting cancer prognosis. This study provides promising biomarkers for predicting prognosis of ccRCC using multidimensional RNA data, and these findings are expected to facilitate potential clinical applications of the biomarkers.
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MESH Headings
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Renal Cell/diagnosis
- Carcinoma, Renal Cell/genetics
- Carcinoma, Renal Cell/metabolism
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Gene Regulatory Networks
- Humans
- Kaplan-Meier Estimate
- Male
- MicroRNAs/genetics
- MicroRNAs/metabolism
- Prognosis
- RNA, Long Noncoding/genetics
- RNA, Long Noncoding/metabolism
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng-Ying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shihui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yun-Juan Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China.
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21
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Čada Š, Bryja V. Local Wnt signalling in the asymmetric migrating vertebrate cells. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2021; 125:26-36. [PMID: 34896020 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2021.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Wnt signalling is known to generate cellular asymmetry via Wnt/planar cell polarity pathway (Wnt/PCP). Wnt/PCP acts locally (i) to orient membrane polarity and asymmetric establishment of intercellular junctions via conserved set of PCP proteins most specifically represented by Vangl and Prickle, and (ii) to asymmetrically rearrange cytoskeletal structures via downstream effectors of Dishevelled (Dvl). This process is best described on stable phenotypes of epithelial cells. Here, however, we review the activity of Wnt signalling in migratory cells which experience the extensive rearrangements of cytoskeleton and consequently dynamic asymmetry, making the localised effects of Wnt signalling easier to distinguish. Firstly, we focused on migration of neuronal axons, which allows to study how the pre-existent cellular asymmetry can influence Wnt signalling outcome. Then, we reviewed the role of Wnt signalling in models of mesenchymal migration including neural crest, melanoma, and breast cancer cells. Last, we collected evidence for local Wnt signalling in amoeboid cells, especially lymphocytes. As the outcome of this review, we identify blank spots in our current understanding of this topic, propose models that synthesise the current observations and allow formulation of testable hypotheses for the future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Štěpán Čada
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vítězslav Bryja
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Cytokinetics, Institute of Biophysics CAS, Královopolská 135, 61265 Brno, Czech Republic.
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22
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Sharp KA, Khoury MJ, Wirtz-Peitz F, Bilder D. Evidence for a nuclear role for Drosophila Dlg as a regulator of the NURF complex. Mol Biol Cell 2021; 32:ar23. [PMID: 34495684 PMCID: PMC8693970 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e21-04-0187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Scribble (Scrib), Discs-large (Dlg), and Lethal giant larvae (Lgl) are basolateral regulators of epithelial polarity and tumor suppressors whose molecular mechanisms of action remain unclear. We used proximity biotinylation to identify proteins localized near Dlg in the Drosophila wing imaginal disc epithelium. In addition to expected membrane- and cytoskeleton-associated protein classes, nuclear proteins were prevalent in the resulting mass spectrometry dataset, including all four members of the nucleosome remodeling factor (NURF) chromatin remodeling complex. Subcellular fractionation demonstrated a nuclear pool of Dlg and proximity ligation confirmed its position near the NURF complex. Genetic analysis showed that NURF activity is also required for the overgrowth of dlg tumors, and this growth suppression correlated with a reduction in Hippo pathway gene expression. Together, these data suggest a nuclear role for Dlg in regulating chromatin and transcription through a more direct mechanism than previously thought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine A Sharp
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley CA 94720
| | - Mark J Khoury
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley CA 94720
| | | | - David Bilder
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley CA 94720
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23
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Lou Y, Jiang Y, Liang Z, Liu B, Li T, Zhang D. Role of RhoC in cancer cell migration. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:527. [PMID: 34627249 PMCID: PMC8502390 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-02234-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Migration is one of the five major behaviors of cells. Although RhoC—a classic member of the Rho gene family—was first identified in 1985, functional RhoC data have only been widely reported in recent years. Cell migration involves highly complex signaling mechanisms, in which RhoC plays an essential role. Cell migration regulated by RhoC—of which the most well-known function is its role in cancer metastasis—has been widely reported in breast, gastric, colon, bladder, prostate, lung, pancreatic, liver, and other cancers. Our review describes the role of RhoC in various types of cell migration. The classic two-dimensional cell migration cycle constitutes cell polarization, adhesion regulation, cell contraction and tail retraction, most of which are modulated by RhoC. In the three-dimensional cell migration model, amoeboid migration is the most classic and well-studied model. Here, RhoC modulates the formation of membrane vesicles by regulating myosin II, thereby affecting the rate and persistence of amoeba-like migration. To the best of our knowledge, this review is the first to describe the role of RhoC in all cell migration processes. We believe that understanding the detail of RhoC-regulated migration processes will help us better comprehend the mechanism of cancer metastasis. This will contribute to the study of anti-metastatic treatment approaches, aiding in the identification of new intervention targets for therapeutic or genetic transformational purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingyue Lou
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yuhan Jiang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Zhen Liang
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Bingzhang Liu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Tian Li
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China.
| | - Duo Zhang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China.
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Gao B, Feng C, Chai F, Wei S, Hong N, Ye Y, Wang Y, Cheng J. CT-detected extramural venous invasion-related gene signature for the overall survival prediction in patients with gastric cancer. Cancer Med 2021; 10:7816-7830. [PMID: 34510798 PMCID: PMC8559479 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.4266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Computed tomography (CT)‐detected extramural venous invasion (EMVI) has been identified as an independent factor that can be used for risk stratification and prediction of prognosis in patients with gastric cancer (GC). Overall survival (OS) is identified as the most important prognostic indicator for GC patients. However, the molecular mechanism of EMVI development and its potential relationship with OS in GC are not fully understood. In this radiogenomics‐based study, we sought to investigate the molecular mechanism underlying CT‐detected EMVI in patients with GC, and aimed to construct a genomic signature based on EMVI‐related genes with the goal of using this signature to predict the OS. Materials and Methods Whole mRNA genome sequencing of frozen tumor samples from 13 locally advanced GC patients was performed to identify EMVI‐related genes. EMVI‐prognostic hub genes were selected based on overlapping EMVI‐related differentially expressed genes and OS‐related genes, using a training cohort of 176 GC patients who were included in The Cancer Genome Atlas database. Another 174 GC patients from this database comprised the external validation cohort. A risk stratification model using a seven‐gene signature was constructed through the use of a least absolute shrinkage and selection operator Cox regression model. Results Patients with high risk score showed significantly reduced OS (training cohort, p = 1.143e‐04; validation cohort, p = 2.429e‐02). Risk score was an independent predictor of OS in multivariate Cox regression analyses (training cohort, HR = 2.758; 95% CI: 1.825–4.169; validation cohort, HR = 2.173; 95% CI: 1.347–3.505; p < 0.001 for both). Gene functions/pathways of the seven‐gene signature mainly included cell proliferation, cell adhesion, regulation of metal ion transport, and epithelial to mesenchymal transition. Conclusions A CT‐detected EMVI‐related gene model could be used to predict the prognosis in GC patients, potentially providing clinicians with additional information regarding appropriate therapeutic strategy and medical decision‐making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Gao
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Caizhen Feng
- Department of Radiology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Fan Chai
- Department of Radiology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shengcai Wei
- Department of Radiology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Nan Hong
- Department of Radiology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yingjiang Ye
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Radiology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jin Cheng
- Department of Radiology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
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25
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Ma J, Du WW, Zeng K, Wu N, Fang L, Lyu J, Yee AJ, Yang BB. An antisense circular RNA circSCRIB enhances cancer progression by suppressing parental gene splicing and translation. Mol Ther 2021; 29:2754-2768. [PMID: 34365033 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2021.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) represent a large group of non-coding RNAs that are widely detected in mammalian cells. Although most circRNAs are generated in a sense orientation, there is a group of circRNAs that are synthesized in an antisense orientation. High-throughput analysis of breast cancer specimens revealed a significant enrichment of 209 antisense circRNAs. The tumor suppressor SCRIB was shown to potentially produce thirteen circRNAs, three of which are in an antisense orientation. Among these three circRNAs, circSCRIB (hsa_circ_0001831) was the most enriched in the breast cancer panel. This antisense SCRIB circRNA was shown to span one intron and two exons. We hypothesized that this circRNA could decrease pre-mRNA splicing and mRNA translation. To test this, we generated a hsa_circ_0001831 expression construct. We found that there was decreased SCRIB mRNA production but increased cancer cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. In comparison, an exonic sequence construct did not affect mRNA splicing but decreased protein translation, leading to increased E-cadherin expression and decreased expression of N-cadherin and vimentin. Thus, there was increased cell migration, invasion, proliferation, colony formation, and tumorigenesis. Our study suggests a novel modulatory role of antisense circRNAs on their parental transcripts. This may represent a promising approach for developing circRNA-directed therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Ma
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - William W Du
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Kaixuan Zeng
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Nan Wu
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ling Fang
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, China
| | - Juanjuan Lyu
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Albert J Yee
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Burton B Yang
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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26
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Zhou R, Tang Z, Li H, Wang X, Sun Y. PRICKLE1 promotes gastric cancer metastasis by activating mTOR signaling. Am J Transl Res 2021; 13:4266-4280. [PMID: 34150013 PMCID: PMC8205837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Lymph node metastasis confers an unfavorable prognosis in gastric cancer (GC). Transcriptomic sequencing has been used to explore the molecular changes in metastatic cancers, but the changes of expression profiling of metastatic GC in lymph nodes remain largely unknown. To identify the potential driver genes, we performed whole transcriptomic sequencing (RNA-seq) on five pairs of gastric adenocarcinoma specimens with metastatic lymph nodes confirmed by pathology. We identified six genes associated with lymph node metastasis and predicted poor prognosis in GC patients. Finally, we focused on PRICKLE1, a cell polarity protein, which dramatically upregulated in several GC cell lines from metastatic lesions compared with those from the primary tumor. Loss and gain of function assay in vitro showed that the migration and invasion capability of GC cells were limited by downregulating and upregulating PRICKLE1 expression. Mechanically, we found PRICKLE1 might modulate tumor metastasis through mTOR signaling pathway. Inhibition of mTOR significantly reduced GC cell migration and invasion in vitro. In summary, we identified and validated PRICKLE1 as a novel gene involved in GC metastasis. This study provided a valuable insight into the mechanisms of GC metastasis and developed a potential therapeutic target to prevent GC cell dissemination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongjian Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan UniversityShanghai 200032, China
- Gastric Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan UniversityShanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhaoqing Tang
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan UniversityShanghai 200032, China
- Gastric Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan UniversityShanghai 200032, China
| | - Haojie Li
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan UniversityShanghai 200032, China
- Gastric Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan UniversityShanghai 200032, China
| | - Xuefei Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan UniversityShanghai 200032, China
- Gastric Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan UniversityShanghai 200032, China
| | - Yihong Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan UniversityShanghai 200032, China
- Gastric Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan UniversityShanghai 200032, China
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27
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Feng D, Wang J, Yang W, Li J, Lin X, Zha F, Wang X, Ma L, Choi NT, Mii Y, Takada S, Huen MSY, Guo Y, Zhang L, Gao B. Regulation of Wnt/PCP signaling through p97/VCP-KBTBD7-mediated Vangl ubiquitination and endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:7/20/eabg2099. [PMID: 33990333 PMCID: PMC8121430 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abg2099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The four-pass transmembrane proteins Vangl1 and Vangl2 are dedicated core components of Wnt/planar cell polarity (Wnt/PCP) signaling that critically regulate polarized cell behaviors in many morphological and physiological processes. Here, we found that the abundance of Vangl proteins is tightly controlled by the ubiquitin-proteasome system through endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation (ERAD). The key ERAD component p97/VCP directly binds to Vangl at a highly conserved VCP-interacting motif and recruits the E3 ligase KBTBD7 via its UBA-UBX adaptors to promote Vangl ubiquitination and ERAD. We found that Wnt5a/CK1 prevents Vangl ubiquitination and ERAD by inducing Vangl phosphorylation, which facilitates Vangl export from the ER to the plasma membrane. We also provide in vivo evidence that KBTBD7 regulates convergent extension during zebrafish gastrulation and functions as a tumor suppressor in breast cancer by promoting Vangl degradation. Our findings reveal a previously unknown regulatory mechanism of Wnt/PCP signaling through the p97/VCP-KBTBD7-mediated ERAD pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Feng
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
- The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation (HKU-SIRI), Shenzhen, China
| | - Jin Wang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
- The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation (HKU-SIRI), Shenzhen, China
| | - Wei Yang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
- The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation (HKU-SIRI), Shenzhen, China
| | - Jingyu Li
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xiaochen Lin
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Fangzi Zha
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xiaolu Wang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Luyao Ma
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Nga Ting Choi
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
- The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation (HKU-SIRI), Shenzhen, China
| | - Yusuke Mii
- Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems (ExCELLS) and National Institute for Basic Biology, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Japan
- Japan Science and Technology Agency, PRESTO, Kawaguchi, Japan
| | - Shinji Takada
- Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems (ExCELLS) and National Institute for Basic Biology, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Michael S Y Huen
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yusong Guo
- Division of Life Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Bo Gao
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China.
- The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation (HKU-SIRI), Shenzhen, China
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28
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Wang J, Feng D, Gao B. An Overview of Potential Therapeutic Agents Targeting WNT/PCP Signaling. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2021; 269:175-213. [PMID: 34463852 DOI: 10.1007/164_2021_533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Since the discovery of the proto-oncogene Wnt1 (Int1) in 1982, WNT signaling has been identified as one of the most important pathways that regulates a wide range of fundamental developmental and physiological processes in multicellular organisms. The canonical WNT signaling pathway depends on the stabilization and translocation of β-catenin and plays important roles in development and homeostasis. The WNT/planar cell polarity (WNT/PCP) signaling, also known as one of the β-catenin-independent WNT pathways, conveys directional information to coordinate polarized cell behaviors. Similar to WNT/β-catenin signaling, disruption or aberrant activation of WNT/PCP signaling also underlies a variety of developmental defects and cancers. However, the pharmacological targeting of WNT/PCP signaling for therapeutic purposes remains largely unexplored. In this review, we briefly discuss WNT/PCP signaling in development and disease and summarize the known drugs/inhibitors targeting this pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Wang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Di Feng
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Bo Gao
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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29
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Majmundar AJ, Buerger F, Forbes TA, Klämbt V, Schneider R, Deutsch K, Kitzler TM, Howden SE, Scurr M, Tan KS, Krzeminski M, Widmeier E, Braun DA, Lai E, Ullah I, Amar A, Kolb A, Eddy K, Chen CH, Salmanullah D, Dai R, Nakayama M, Ottlewski I, Kolvenbach CM, Onuchic-Whitford AC, Mao Y, Mann N, Nabhan MM, Rosen S, Forman-Kay JD, Soliman NA, Heilos A, Kain R, Aufricht C, Mane S, Lifton RP, Shril S, Little MH, Hildebrandt F. Recessive NOS1AP variants impair actin remodeling and cause glomerulopathy in humans and mice. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabe1386. [PMID: 33523862 PMCID: PMC10763988 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abe1386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Nephrotic syndrome (NS) is a leading cause of chronic kidney disease. We found recessive NOS1AP variants in two families with early-onset NS by exome sequencing. Overexpression of wild-type (WT) NOS1AP, but not cDNA constructs bearing patient variants, increased active CDC42 and promoted filopodia and podosome formation. Pharmacologic inhibition of CDC42 or its effectors, formin proteins, reduced NOS1AP-induced filopodia formation. NOS1AP knockdown reduced podocyte migration rate (PMR), which was rescued by overexpression of WT Nos1ap but not by constructs bearing patient variants. PMR in NOS1AP knockdown podocytes was also rescued by constitutively active CDC42Q61L or the formin DIAPH3 Modeling a NOS1AP patient variant in knock-in human kidney organoids revealed malformed glomeruli with increased apoptosis. Nos1apEx3-/Ex3- mice recapitulated the human phenotype, exhibiting proteinuria, foot process effacement, and glomerulosclerosis. These findings demonstrate that recessive NOS1AP variants impair CDC42/DIAPH-dependent actin remodeling, cause aberrant organoid glomerulogenesis, and lead to a glomerulopathy in humans and mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amar J Majmundar
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Florian Buerger
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Thomas A Forbes
- Kidney Development, Disease and Regeneration Group, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Nephrology, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Verena Klämbt
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ronen Schneider
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Konstantin Deutsch
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Thomas M Kitzler
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sara E Howden
- Kidney Development, Disease and Regeneration Group, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michelle Scurr
- Kidney Development, Disease and Regeneration Group, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ker Sin Tan
- Kidney Development, Disease and Regeneration Group, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mickaël Krzeminski
- Molecular Medicine Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Eugen Widmeier
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daniela A Braun
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ethan Lai
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ihsan Ullah
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ali Amar
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Amy Kolb
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kaitlyn Eddy
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Chin Heng Chen
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daanya Salmanullah
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rufeng Dai
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Makiko Nakayama
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Isabel Ottlewski
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Caroline M Kolvenbach
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ana C Onuchic-Whitford
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Youying Mao
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nina Mann
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marwa M Nabhan
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Pediatric Nephrology and Transplantation, Kasr Al Ainy Medical School, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Seymour Rosen
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Julie D Forman-Kay
- Molecular Medicine Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Neveen A Soliman
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Pediatric Nephrology and Transplantation, Kasr Al Ainy Medical School, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Andreas Heilos
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Renate Kain
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Shrikant Mane
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Richard P Lifton
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Laboratory of Human Genetics and Genomics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Shirlee Shril
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Melissa H Little
- Kidney Development, Disease and Regeneration Group, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Friedhelm Hildebrandt
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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30
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Tang X, Xiao Q, Yu K. Breast Cancer Candidate Gene Detection Through Integration of Subcellular Localization Data With Protein–Protein Interaction Networks. IEEE Trans Nanobioscience 2020; 19:556-561. [DOI: 10.1109/tnb.2020.2990178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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31
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Li X, Ortiz MA, Kotula L. The physiological role of Wnt pathway in normal development and cancer. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2020; 245:411-426. [PMID: 31996036 PMCID: PMC7082880 DOI: 10.1177/1535370220901683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the decades, many studies have illustrated the critical roles of Wnt signaling pathways in both developmental processes as well as tumorigenesis. Due to the complexity of Wnt signaling regulation, there are still questions to be addressed about ways cells are able to manipulate different types of Wnt pathways in order to fulfill the requirements for normal or cancer development. In this review, we will describe different types of Wnt signaling pathways and their roles in both normal developmental processes and their role in cancer development and progression. Additionally, we will briefly introduce new strategies currently in clinical trials targeting Wnt signaling pathway components for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Li
- Department of Urology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
- Upstate Cancer Center, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - Maria A Ortiz
- Department of Urology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
- Upstate Cancer Center, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - Leszek Kotula
- Department of Urology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
- Upstate Cancer Center, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
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32
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Santoni MJ, Kashyap R, Camoin L, Borg JP. The Scribble family in cancer: twentieth anniversary. Oncogene 2020; 39:7019-7033. [PMID: 32999444 PMCID: PMC7527152 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-020-01478-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Among the more than 160 PDZ containing proteins described in humans, the cytoplasmic scaffold Scribble stands out because of its essential role in many steps of cancer development and dissemination. Its fame has somehow blurred the importance of homologous proteins, Erbin and Lano, all belonging to the LRR and PDZ (LAP) protein family first described twenty years ago. In this review, we will retrace the history of LAP family protein research and draw attention to their contribution in cancer by detailing the features of its members at the structural and functional levels, and highlighting their shared-but also different-implication in the tumoral process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Josée Santoni
- grid.463833.90000 0004 0572 0656Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, CRCM, Equipe labellisée Ligue ‘Cell Polarity, Cell Signaling and Cancer’, Aix Marseille Université, Inserm, CNRS, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - Rudra Kashyap
- grid.463833.90000 0004 0572 0656Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, CRCM, Equipe labellisée Ligue ‘Cell Polarity, Cell Signaling and Cancer’, Aix Marseille Université, Inserm, CNRS, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, 13009 Marseille, France ,grid.5596.f0000 0001 0668 7884Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Katholisch University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Luc Camoin
- grid.463833.90000 0004 0572 0656Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Inserm, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, Marseille Protéomique, Marseille, France
| | - Jean-Paul Borg
- grid.463833.90000 0004 0572 0656Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, CRCM, Equipe labellisée Ligue ‘Cell Polarity, Cell Signaling and Cancer’, Aix Marseille Université, Inserm, CNRS, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, 13009 Marseille, France ,grid.463833.90000 0004 0572 0656Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Inserm, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, Marseille Protéomique, Marseille, France ,grid.440891.00000 0001 1931 4817Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Paris, France
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33
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Heikenwalder M, Lorentzen A. The role of polarisation of circulating tumour cells in cancer metastasis. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:3765-3781. [PMID: 31218452 PMCID: PMC6744547 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03169-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Metastasis is the spread of cancer cells from a primary tumour to a distant site of the body. Metastasising tumour cells have to survive and readjust to different environments, such as heterogeneous solid tissues and liquid phase in lymph- or blood circulation, which they achieve through a high degree of plasticity that renders them adaptable to varying conditions. One defining characteristic of the metastatic process is the transition of tumour cells between different polarised phenotypes, ranging from differentiated epithelial polarity to migratory front-rear polarity. Here, we review the polarisation types adopted by tumour cells during the metastatic process and describe the recently discovered single-cell polarity in liquid phase observed in circulating tumour cells. We propose that single-cell polarity constitutes a mode of polarisation of the cell cortex that is uncoupled from the intracellular polarisation machinery, which distinguishes single-cell polarity from other types of polarity identified so far. We discuss how single-cell polarity can contribute to tumour metastasis and the therapeutic potential of this new discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Heikenwalder
- Divison of Chronic Inflammation and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Anna Lorentzen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark.
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Hayes MN, McCarthy K, Jin A, Oliveira ML, Iyer S, Garcia SP, Sindiri S, Gryder B, Motala Z, Nielsen GP, Borg JP, van de Rijn M, Malkin D, Khan J, Ignatius MS, Langenau DM. Vangl2/RhoA Signaling Pathway Regulates Stem Cell Self-Renewal Programs and Growth in Rhabdomyosarcoma. Cell Stem Cell 2019; 22:414-427.e6. [PMID: 29499154 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2018.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Revised: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Tumor growth and relapse are driven by tumor propagating cells (TPCs). However, mechanisms regulating TPC fate choices, maintenance, and self-renewal are not fully understood. Here, we show that Van Gogh-like 2 (Vangl2), a core regulator of the non-canonical Wnt/planar cell polarity (Wnt/PCP) pathway, affects TPC self-renewal in rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS)-a pediatric cancer of muscle. VANGL2 is expressed in a majority of human RMS and within early mononuclear progenitor cells. VANGL2 depletion inhibited cell proliferation, reduced TPC numbers, and induced differentiation of human RMS in vitro and in mouse xenografts. Using a zebrafish model of embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma (ERMS), we determined that Vangl2 expression enriches for TPCs and promotes their self-renewal. Expression of constitutively active and dominant-negative isoforms of RHOA revealed that it acts downstream of VANGL2 to regulate proliferation and maintenance of TPCs in human RMS. Our studies offer insights into pathways that control TPCs and identify new potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeline N Hayes
- Molecular Pathology, Cancer Center, and Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute, Boston, MA 02129, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Karin McCarthy
- Molecular Pathology, Cancer Center, and Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute, Boston, MA 02129, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Alexander Jin
- Molecular Pathology, Cancer Center, and Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute, Boston, MA 02129, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Mariana L Oliveira
- Molecular Pathology, Cancer Center, and Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute, Boston, MA 02129, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Sowmya Iyer
- Molecular Pathology, Cancer Center, and Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute, Boston, MA 02129, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Sara P Garcia
- Molecular Pathology, Cancer Center, and Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute, Boston, MA 02129, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Sivasish Sindiri
- Oncogenomics Section, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, 37 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Berkley Gryder
- Oncogenomics Section, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, 37 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Zainab Motala
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Hospital for Sick Children and Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G1X8, Canada
| | - G Petur Nielsen
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02129, USA
| | - Jean-Paul Borg
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Aix Marseille Univ UM105, Inst Paoli Calmettes, UMR7258 CNRS, U1068 INSERM, "Cell Polarity, Cell signalling and Cancer - Equipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer," Marseille, France
| | - Matt van de Rijn
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - David Malkin
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Hospital for Sick Children and Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G1X8, Canada
| | - Javed Khan
- Oncogenomics Section, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, 37 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Myron S Ignatius
- Molecular Medicine and Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute, UTHSCSA, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - David M Langenau
- Molecular Pathology, Cancer Center, and Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute, Boston, MA 02129, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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35
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VANGL2 regulates luminal epithelial organization and cell turnover in the mammary gland. Sci Rep 2019; 9:7079. [PMID: 31068622 PMCID: PMC6506599 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-43444-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The VANGL family of planar cell polarity proteins is implicated in breast cancer however its function in mammary gland biology is unknown. Here, we utilized a panel of Vang1 and Vangl2 mouse alleles to examine the requirement of VANGL family members in the murine mammary gland. We show that Vang1CKOΔ/Δ glands display normal branching while Vangl2flox/flox and Vangl2Lp/Lp tissue exhibit several phenotypes. In MMTV-Cre;Vangl2flox/flox glands, cell turnover is reduced and lumens are narrowed. A Vangl2 missense mutation in the Vangl2Lp/Lp tissue leads to mammary anlage sprouting defects and deficient outgrowth with transplantation of anlage or secondary tissue fragments. In successful Vangl2Lp/Lp outgrowths, three morphological phenotypes are observed: distended ducts, supernumerary end buds, and ectopic acini. Layer specific defects are observed with loss of Vangl2 selectively in either basal or luminal layers of mammary cysts. Loss in the basal compartment inhibits cyst formation, but has the opposite effect in the luminal compartment. Candidate gene analysis on MMTV-Cre;Vangl2flox/flox and Vangl2Lp/Lp tissue reveals a significant reduction in Bmi1 expression, with overexpression of Bmi1 rescuing defects in Vangl2 knockdown cysts. Our results demonstrate that VANGL2 is necessary for normal mammary gland development and indicate differential functional requirements in basal versus luminal mammary compartments.
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36
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Microquantitation of Van Gogh-like Protein 1 by Using Antibody-Conjugated Magnetic Beads. BIOCHIP JOURNAL 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s13206-018-3205-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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37
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VanderVorst K, Dreyer CA, Konopelski SE, Lee H, Ho HYH, Carraway KL. Wnt/PCP Signaling Contribution to Carcinoma Collective Cell Migration and Metastasis. Cancer Res 2019; 79:1719-1729. [PMID: 30952630 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-18-2757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Our understanding of the cellular mechanisms governing carcinoma invasiveness and metastasis has evolved dramatically over the last several years. The previous emphasis on the epithelial-mesenchymal transition as a driver of the migratory properties of single cells has expanded with the observation that carcinoma cells often invade and migrate collectively as adherent groups. Moreover, recent analyses suggest that circulating tumor cells within the vasculature often exist as multicellular clusters and that clusters more efficiently seed metastatic lesions than single circulating tumor cells. While these observations point to a key role for collective cell migration in carcinoma metastasis, the molecular mechanisms driving collective tumor cell migration remain to be discerned. Wnt/PCP (planar cell polarity) signaling, one of the noncanonical Wnt signaling pathways, mediates collective migratory events such as convergent extension during developmental processes. Wnt/PCP signaling components are frequently dysregulated in solid tumors, and aberrant pathway activation contributes to tumor cell migratory properties. Here we summarize key studies that address the mechanisms by which Wnt/PCP signaling mediate collective cell migration in developmental and tumor contexts. We emphasize Wnt/PCP component localization within migrating cells and discuss how component asymmetry may govern the spatiotemporal control of downstream cytoskeletal effectors to promote collective cell motility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kacey VanderVorst
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, UC Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, California
| | - Courtney A Dreyer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, UC Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, California
| | - Sara E Konopelski
- Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, UC Davis School of Medicine, Davis, California
| | - Hyun Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, UC Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, California
| | - Hsin-Yi Henry Ho
- Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, UC Davis School of Medicine, Davis, California
| | - Kermit L Carraway
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, UC Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, California.
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38
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Harb J, Lin PJ, Hao J. Recent Development of Wnt Signaling Pathway Inhibitors for Cancer Therapeutics. Curr Oncol Rep 2019; 21:12. [PMID: 30715618 DOI: 10.1007/s11912-019-0763-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Review current understanding of both canonical and non-canonical Wnt signaling in cancer and provide updated knowledge in current clinical trials of Wnt signaling drugs. RECENT FINDINGS Important roles of both canonical and non-canonical Wnt signaling in cancer have been increasingly recognized. Recent clinical trials of several Wnt-signaling drugs have showed promising outcomes. In addition, some drugs that were originally approved for the treatment of other diseases have been recently found to block Wnt signaling, highlighting their potential to treat Wnt-dependent cancer. Dysfunction of Wnt signaling is implicated in cancer, and targeting Wnt signaling represents a useful approach to treat cancer. Current clinical trials of Wnt signaling drugs have showed promising outcomes, and repurposing the previously approved drugs for other diseases to treat Wnt-dependent cancer requires further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerry Harb
- Graduate College of Biomedical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, 91766, USA
| | - Pen-Jen Lin
- Graduate College of Biomedical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, 91766, USA
| | - Jijun Hao
- Graduate College of Biomedical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, 91766, USA. .,College of Veterinary Medicine, Western University of Health Sciences, 309 E 2nd Street, Pomona, CA, 91766, USA.
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39
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Liang D, Song Y, Fan G, Ji D, Zhang T, Nie E, Liu X, Liang J, Yu R, Gao S. Effects of Long Form of CAPON Overexpression on Glioma Cell Proliferation are Dependent on AKT/mTOR/P53 Signaling. Int J Med Sci 2019; 16:614-622. [PMID: 31171914 PMCID: PMC6535660 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.31579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: CAPON has two isoforms in human brain: long form of CAPON (CAPON-L) and short form of CAPON (CAPON-S). Recent studies have indicated the involvement of CAPON in tumor cell growth. We aimed to reveal the role of the two CAPON isoforms in the proliferation of glioma cells in this study. Materials and Methods: Lentivirus-mediated stable cell lines with CAPON-L or CAPON-S overexpression were established in U87 and U251 glioma cells. Cell counting kit-8 and colony formation assays were used to evaluate cell proliferation. Western blot analysis of cell cycle-related proteins and flow cytometry were performed to analyze cell cycle progression. Some important molecules of the AKT/mTOR pathway and P53 were also measured by Western blot analysis. Results: Overexpression of CAPON-L showed a significantly inhibitory role in U251 cells, while it exhibited a promoting role in U87 cells. Consistently, overexpressing CAPON-L impeded the cell cycle progression and down-regulated the expression levels of Cyclin D1, CDK4 and CDK6 in U251 cells, whereas it up-regulated the CDK6 level in U87 cells. The overexpression of CAPON-L significantly decreased the phosphorylation and/or total levels of AKT, mTOR and S6 in U251 cells, while it did not affect these signaling molecules in U87 cells, except for a significant increase in the phosphorylation of AKT at Thr-308 site. Transfecting constitutively active AKT (myr-AKT) partially reversed the decreased phosphorylation of AKT and S6 in the CAPON-L-overexpressing U251 cells. In addition, we found a significant decrease in the wild-type P53 level in the CAPON-L-overexpressing U87 cells. The overexpression of CAPON-S also inhibited cell proliferation, blocked cell cycle progression, and decreased the AKT/mTOR pathway activity in U251 cells. Conclusion: The effects of CAPON-L overexpression on glioma cell proliferation are dependent on the AKT/mTOR/P53 activity. The overexpression of CAPON inhibits U251 cell proliferation through the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway, while overexpressing CAPON-L promoted U87 cell proliferation, possibly through down-regulating the P53 level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Liang
- Institute of Nervous System Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, 84 West Huai-Hai Road, Xuzhou 221002, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, 99 West Huai-Hai Road, Xuzhou 221002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yunnong Song
- Institute of Nervous System Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, 84 West Huai-Hai Road, Xuzhou 221002, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, 99 West Huai-Hai Road, Xuzhou 221002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guangwei Fan
- Institute of Nervous System Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, 84 West Huai-Hai Road, Xuzhou 221002, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, 99 West Huai-Hai Road, Xuzhou 221002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Daofei Ji
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, 32 Mei-Jian Road, Xuzhou 221006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tong Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, 99 West Huai-Hai Road, Xuzhou 221002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Er Nie
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, 99 West Huai-Hai Road, Xuzhou 221002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xuejiao Liu
- Institute of Nervous System Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, 84 West Huai-Hai Road, Xuzhou 221002, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, 99 West Huai-Hai Road, Xuzhou 221002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jun Liang
- Institute of Nervous System Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, 84 West Huai-Hai Road, Xuzhou 221002, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, 99 West Huai-Hai Road, Xuzhou 221002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Rutong Yu
- Institute of Nervous System Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, 84 West Huai-Hai Road, Xuzhou 221002, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, 99 West Huai-Hai Road, Xuzhou 221002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shangfeng Gao
- Institute of Nervous System Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, 84 West Huai-Hai Road, Xuzhou 221002, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, 99 West Huai-Hai Road, Xuzhou 221002, Jiangsu, China
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40
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Young LC, Rodriguez-Viciana P. MRAS: A Close but Understudied Member of the RAS Family. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2018; 8:cshperspect.a033621. [PMID: 29311130 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a033621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
MRAS is the closest relative to the classical RAS oncoproteins and shares most regulatory and effector interactions. However, it also has unique functions, including its ability to function as a phosphatase regulatory subunit when in complex with SHOC2 and protein phosphatase 1 (PP1). This phosphatase complex regulates a crucial step in the activation cycle of RAF kinases and provides a key coordinate input required for efficient ERK pathway activation and transformation by RAS. MRAS mutations rarely occur in cancer but deregulated expression may play a role in tumorigenesis in some settings. Activating mutations in MRAS (as well as SHOC2 and PP1) do occur in the RASopathy Noonan syndrome, underscoring a key role for MRAS within the RAS-ERK pathway. MRAS also has unique roles in cell migration and differentiation and has properties consistent with a key role in the regulation of cell polarity. Further investigations should shed light on what remains a relatively understudied RAS family member.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy C Young
- UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, California 94158
| | - Pablo Rodriguez-Viciana
- UCL Cancer Institute, Paul O'Gorman Building, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
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41
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Pires HR, Boxem M. Mapping the Polarity Interactome. J Mol Biol 2018; 430:3521-3544. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2017.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Revised: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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42
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Mapping Cellular Polarity Networks Using Mass Spectrometry-based Strategies. J Mol Biol 2018; 430:3545-3564. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2018.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Revised: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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43
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Zeng Z, Zhou W, Duan L, Zhang J, Lu X, Jin L, Yu Y. Circular RNA circ‐VANGL1 as a competing endogenous RNA contributes to bladder cancer progression by regulating miR‐605‐3p/VANGL1 pathway. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:3887-3896. [PMID: 30146736 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhihua Zeng
- Department of Urology he Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University Nanchang China
| | - Wanming Zhou
- Department of Urology he Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University Nanchang China
| | - Lingxing Duan
- Department of Urology he Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University Nanchang China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Urology he Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University Nanchang China
| | - Xiongbing Lu
- Department of Urology he Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University Nanchang China
| | - Liang Jin
- Department of Urology Eastern Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University Shanghai China
| | - Yi Yu
- Department of Urology he Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University Nanchang China
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44
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Saito Y, Desai RR, Muthuswamy SK. Reinterpreting polarity and cancer: The changing landscape from tumor suppression to tumor promotion. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2018; 1869:103-116. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2017.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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45
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Stephens R, Lim K, Portela M, Kvansakul M, Humbert PO, Richardson HE. The Scribble Cell Polarity Module in the Regulation of Cell Signaling in Tissue Development and Tumorigenesis. J Mol Biol 2018; 430:3585-3612. [PMID: 29409995 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2018.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Revised: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The Scribble cell polarity module, comprising Scribbled (Scrib), Discs-large (Dlg) and Lethal-2-giant larvae (Lgl), has a tumor suppressive role in mammalian epithelial cancers. The Scribble module proteins play key functions in the establishment and maintenance of different modes of cell polarity, as well as in the control of tissue growth, differentiation and directed cell migration, and therefore are major regulators of tissue development and homeostasis. Whilst molecular details are known regarding the roles of Scribble module proteins in cell polarity regulation, their precise mode of action in the regulation of other key cellular processes remains enigmatic. An accumulating body of evidence indicates that Scribble module proteins play scaffolding roles in the control of various signaling pathways, which are linked to the control of tissue growth, differentiation and cell migration. Multiple Scrib, Dlg and Lgl interacting proteins have been discovered, which are involved in diverse processes, however many function in the regulation of cellular signaling. Herein, we review the components of the Scrib, Dlg and Lgl protein interactomes, and focus on the mechanism by which they regulate cellular signaling pathways in metazoans, and how their disruption leads to cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Stephens
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute of Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Krystle Lim
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute of Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Marta Portela
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Neurobiology, Cajal Institute (CSIC), Avenida Doctor Arce, 37, Madrid 28002, Spain
| | - Marc Kvansakul
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute of Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Patrick O Humbert
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute of Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia; Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Helena E Richardson
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute of Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia; Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia.
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46
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Milgrom-Hoffman M, Humbert PO. Regulation of cellular and PCP signalling by the Scribble polarity module. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2017; 81:33-45. [PMID: 29154823 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2017.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2017] [Revised: 11/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Since the first identification of the Scribble polarity module proteins as a new class of tumour suppressors that regulate both cell polarity and proliferation, an increasing amount of evidence has uncovered a broader role for Scribble, Dlg and Lgl in the control of fundamental cellular functions and their signalling pathways. Here, we review these findings as well as discuss more specifically the role of the Scribble module in PCP signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Milgrom-Hoffman
- Department of Biochemistry & Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria 3086, Australia
| | - Patrick O Humbert
- Department of Biochemistry & Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria 3086, Australia; Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia; Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia.
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47
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VanderVorst K, Hatakeyama J, Berg A, Lee H, Carraway KL. Cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying planar cell polarity pathway contributions to cancer malignancy. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2017; 81:78-87. [PMID: 29107170 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2017.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Revised: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
While the mutational activation of oncogenes drives tumor initiation and growth by promoting cellular transformation and proliferation, increasing evidence suggests that the subsequent re-engagement of largely dormant developmental pathways contributes to cellular phenotypes associated with the malignancy of solid tumors. Genetic studies from a variety of model organisms have defined many of the components that maintain epithelial planar cell polarity (PCP), or cellular polarity in the axis orthogonal to the apical-basal axis. These same components comprise an arm of non-canonical Wnt signaling that mediates cell motility events such as convergent extension movements essential to proper development. In this review, we summarize the increasing evidence that the Wnt/PCP signaling pathway plays active roles in promoting the proliferative and migratory properties of tumor cells, emphasizing the importance of subcellular localization of PCP components and protein-protein interactions in regulating cellullar properties associated with malignancy. Specifically, we discuss the increased expression of Wnt/PCP pathway components in cancer and the functional consequences of aberrant pathway activation, focusing on Wnt ligands, Frizzled (Fzd) receptors, the tetraspanin-like proteins Vangl1 and Vangl2, and the Prickle1 (Pk1) scaffold protein. In addition, we discuss negative regulation of the Wnt/PCP pathway, with particular emphasis on the Nrdp1 E3 ubiquitin ligase. We hypothesize that engagement of the Wnt/PCP pathway after tumor initiation drives malignancy by promoting cellular proliferation and invasiveness, and that the ability of Wnt/PCP signaling to supplant oncogene addiction may contribute to tumor resistance to oncogenic pathway-directed therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kacey VanderVorst
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, UC Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817, United States
| | - Jason Hatakeyama
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, UC Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817, United States
| | - Anastasia Berg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, UC Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817, United States
| | - Hyun Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, UC Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817, United States
| | - Kermit L Carraway
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, UC Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817, United States.
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48
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Bailly E, Walton A, Borg JP. The planar cell polarity Vangl2 protein: From genetics to cellular and molecular functions. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2017; 81:62-70. [PMID: 29111415 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2017.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Planar cell polarity (PCP) refers to the capacity of a tissue, typically, but not exclusively, an epithelium, to transmit directional information across the tissue plane such that its cellular constituents can differentiate, divide or move in a coordinated manner and along a common axis, generally orthogonal to the apical-basal axis. PCP relies on a core module of highly conserved proteins originally identified in Drosophila which can act intra- and extracellularly. In this review, we focus on the vertebrate ortholog of one of these core PCP components, namely the Vangl2 protein. After a brief historical perspective, we discuss novel cellular settings for which a cellular Vangl2 requirement has been recently documented, with a particular emphasis on adult tissues that rely on Vangl2 for the maintenance of their regenerative capacity or their physiological functions. Finally we compile the most recent data about Vangl2 interacting proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Bailly
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), 'Cell Polarity, Cell Signalling, and Cancer', Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Inserm, U1068, Marseille, F-13009, France; CNRS, UMR7258, Marseille, F-13009, France; Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, F-13009, France; Aix-Marseille University, UM 105, Marseille, F-13284, France.
| | - Alexandra Walton
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), 'Cell Polarity, Cell Signalling, and Cancer', Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Inserm, U1068, Marseille, F-13009, France; CNRS, UMR7258, Marseille, F-13009, France; Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, F-13009, France; Aix-Marseille University, UM 105, Marseille, F-13284, France
| | - Jean-Paul Borg
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), 'Cell Polarity, Cell Signalling, and Cancer', Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Inserm, U1068, Marseille, F-13009, France; CNRS, UMR7258, Marseille, F-13009, France; Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, F-13009, France; Aix-Marseille University, UM 105, Marseille, F-13284, France.
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49
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Ngan E, Kiepas A, Brown CM, Siegel PM. Emerging roles for LPP in metastatic cancer progression. J Cell Commun Signal 2017; 12:143-156. [PMID: 29027626 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-017-0415-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
LIM domain containing proteins are important regulators of diverse cellular processes, and play pivotal roles in regulating the actin cytoskeleton. Lipoma Preferred Partner (LPP) is a member of the zyxin family of LIM proteins that has long been characterized as a promoter of mesenchymal/fibroblast cell migration. More recently, LPP has emerged as a critical inducer of tumor cell migration, invasion and metastasis. LPP is thought to contribute to these malignant phenotypes by virtue of its ability to shuttle into the nucleus, localize to adhesions and, most recently, to promote invadopodia formation. In this review, we will examine the mechanisms through which LPP regulates the functions of adhesions and invadopodia, and discuss potential roles of LPP in mediating cellular responses to mechanical cues within these mechanosensory structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine Ngan
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, 1160 Pine Avenue West, Room 508, Montréal, Québec, H3A 1A3, Canada.,Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Alex Kiepas
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Claire M Brown
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Peter M Siegel
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, 1160 Pine Avenue West, Room 508, Montréal, Québec, H3A 1A3, Canada. .,Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
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50
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Gonçalves E, Fragoulis A, Garcia-Alonso L, Cramer T, Saez-Rodriguez J, Beltrao P. Widespread Post-transcriptional Attenuation of Genomic Copy-Number Variation in Cancer. Cell Syst 2017; 5:386-398.e4. [PMID: 29032074 PMCID: PMC5660600 DOI: 10.1016/j.cels.2017.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Revised: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Copy-number variations (CNVs) are ubiquitous in cancer and often act as driver events, but the effects of CNVs on the proteome of tumors are poorly understood. Here, we analyze recently published genomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics datasets made available by CPTAC and TCGA consortia on 282 breast, ovarian, and colorectal tumor samples to investigate the impact of CNVs in the proteomes of these cells. We found that CNVs are buffered by post-transcriptional regulation in 23%-33% of proteins that are significantly enriched in protein complex members. Our analyses show that complex subunits are highly co-regulated, and some act as rate-limiting steps of complex assembly, as their depletion induces decreased abundance of other complex members. We identified 48 such rate-limiting interactions and experimentally confirmed our predictions on the interactions of AP3B1 with AP3M1 and GTF2E2 with GTF2E1. This study highlights the importance of post-transcriptional mechanisms in cancer that allow cells to cope with their altered genomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuel Gonçalves
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Athanassios Fragoulis
- Molecular Tumor Biology, Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, RWTH University Hospital, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Luz Garcia-Alonso
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Thorsten Cramer
- Molecular Tumor Biology, Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, RWTH University Hospital, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany; NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; ESCAM - European Surgery Center Aachen Maastricht, Germany and the Netherlands
| | - Julio Saez-Rodriguez
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge CB10 1SD, UK; RWTH Aachen University, Faculty of Medicine, Joint Research Centre for Computational Biomedicine, 52057 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Pedro Beltrao
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge CB10 1SD, UK.
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