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Miteva M, Mihaylova Z, Mitev V, Aleksiev E, Stanimirov P, Praskova M, Dimitrova VS, Vasileva A, Calenic B, Constantinescu I, Perlea P, Ishkitiev N. A Review of Stem Cell Attributes Derived from the Oral Cavity. Int Dent J 2024:S0020-6539(24)00093-5. [PMID: 38582718 DOI: 10.1016/j.identj.2024.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Oral cavity stem cells (OCSCs) have been the focus of intense scientific efforts due to their accessibility and stem cell properties. The present work aims to compare the different characteristics of 6 types of dental stem cells derived from the oral cavity: dental pulp stem cells (DPSC), stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED), periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSC), stem cells from the apical papilla (SCAP), bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSC), and gingival mesenchymal stem cells (GMSC). Using immunofluorescence and real-time polymerase chain reaction techniques, we analysed the cells for stem cell, differentiation, adhesion, and extracellular matrix markers; the ability to proliferate in vitro; and multilineage differentiation potential. Markers such as vimentin, CD44, alkaline phosphatase, CD146, CD271, CD49f, Oct 3/4, Sox 9, FGF7, nestin, and BMP4 showed significant differences in expression levels, highlighting the heterogeneity and unique characteristics of each cell type. At the same time, we confirmed that all cell types successfully differentiated into osteogenic, chondrogenic, or adipose lineages, with different readiness. In conclusion, our study reveals the distinct properties and potential applications of various dental-derived stem cells. These findings contribute to a deeper understanding of OCSCs and their significance in future clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Miteva
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Medical University Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Zornitsa Mihaylova
- Department of Dental, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Medical University Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Vanyo Mitev
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Medical University Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Evgeniy Aleksiev
- Department of Dental, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Medical University Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Pavel Stanimirov
- Department of Dental, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Medical University Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Maria Praskova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Medical University Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Violeta S Dimitrova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Medical University Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Anelia Vasileva
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Medical University Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Bogdan Calenic
- Centre for Immunogenetics and Virology, Fundeni Clinical Institute, University of Medicine and Farmacy "Carol Davila," Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Ileana Constantinescu
- Centre for Immunogenetics and Virology, Fundeni Clinical Institute, University of Medicine and Farmacy "Carol Davila," Bucharest, Romania
| | - Paula Perlea
- Department of Endodontics, UMF Carol Davila, Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Nikolay Ishkitiev
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Medical University Sofia, Bulgaria
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Wang J, Ferrena A, Zhang R, Singh S, Viscarret V, Al-Harden W, Aldahamsheh O, Borjihan H, Singla A, Yaguare S, Tingling J, Zi X, Lo Y, Gorlick R, Schwartz EL, Zhao H, Yang R, Geller DS, Zheng D, Hoang BH. Targeted inhibition of SCF SKP2 confers anti-tumor activities resulting in a survival benefit in osteosarcoma. Oncogene 2024; 43:962-975. [PMID: 38355807 PMCID: PMC10959747 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-024-02942-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma(OS) is a highly aggressive bone cancer for which treatment has remained essentially unchanged for decades. Although OS is characterized by extensive genomic heterogeneity and instability, RB1 and TP53 have been shown to be the most commonly inactivated tumor suppressors in OS. We previously generated a mouse model with a double knockout (DKO) of Rb1 and Trp53 within cells of the osteoblastic lineage, which largely recapitulates human OS with nearly complete penetrance. SKP2 is a repression target of pRb and serves as a substrate recruiting subunit of the SCFSKP2 complex. In addition, SKP2 plays a central role in regulating the cell cycle by ubiquitinating and promoting the degradation of p27. We previously reported the DKOAA transgenic model, which harbored a knock-in mutation in p27 that impaired its binding to SKP2. Here, we generated a novel p53-Rb1-SKP2 triple-knockout model (TKO) to examine SKP2 function and its potential as a therapeutic target in OS. First, we observed that OS tumorigenesis was significantly delayed in TKO mice and their overall survival was markedly improved. In addition, the loss of SKP2 also promoted an apoptotic microenvironment and reduced the stemness of DKO tumors. Furthermore, we found that small-molecule inhibitors of SKP2 exhibited anti-tumor activities in vivo and in OS organoids as well as synergistic effects when combined with a standard chemotherapeutic agent. Taken together, our results suggest that SKP2 inhibitors may reduce the stemness plasticity of OS and should be leveraged as next-generation adjuvants in this cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jichuan Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Musculoskleletal Tumor Center, Beijing Key Laboratory for Musculoskeletal Tumors, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Alexander Ferrena
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Ranxin Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Swapnil Singh
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Valentina Viscarret
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Waleed Al-Harden
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Osama Aldahamsheh
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Orthopedic Department, Al-Balqa Applied University, As-Salt, Jordan
| | - Hasibagan Borjihan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Amit Singla
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Simon Yaguare
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Janet Tingling
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Xiaolin Zi
- Department of Urology, University of California, Irvine Medical Center, Orange, CA, USA
| | - Yungtai Lo
- Department of Epidemiology & Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Richard Gorlick
- Division of Pediatrics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Edward L Schwartz
- Departments of Oncology, Molecular Pharmacology, and Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Hongling Zhao
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Rui Yang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - David S Geller
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Deyou Zheng
- Departments of Genetics, Neurology and Neuroscience. Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
| | - Bang H Hoang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
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Zhao Z, Sun Y, Tang J, Yang Y, Xu X. LRPPRC regulates malignant behaviors, protects mitochondrial homeostasis, mitochondrial function in osteosarcoma and derived cancer stem-like cells. BMC Cancer 2023; 23:935. [PMID: 37789316 PMCID: PMC10548780 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-11443-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leucine-rich pentatricopeptide repeat containing (LRPPRC) is a potential oncogene in multiple tumor types, including lung adenocarcinoma, esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and gastric cancer. LRPPRC exerts its tumor-promoting effects mainly by regulating mitochondrial homeostasis and inducing oxidative stress. However, the exact role and mechanisms by which LRPPRC acts in osteosarcoma and osteosarcoma-derived cancer stem-like cells (CSCs), which potentially critically contribute to recurrence, metastasis and chemoresistance, are still largely unclear. METHODS LRPPRC level in osteosarcoma cells and CSCs were detected by western blot. Effects of LRPPRC on CSCs were accessed after LRPPRC knockdown by introducing lentivirus containing shRNA targeting to LRPPRC mRNA. RESULTS we found that LRPPRC was highly expressed in several osteosarcoma cell lines and that LRPPRC knockdown inhibited malignant behaviors, including proliferation, invasion, colony formation and tumor formation, in MG63 and U2OS cells. Enriched CSCs derived from MG63 and U2OS cells presented upregulated LRPPRC levels compared to parental cells (PCs), and LRPPRC knockdown markedly decreased the sphere-forming capacity. These findings demonstrate that LRPPRC knockdown decreased stemness in CSCs. Consistent with a previous report, LRPPRC knockdown decreased the expression levels of FOXM1 and its downstream target genes, including PRDX3, MnSOD and catalase, which are responsible for scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS). Expectedly, LRPPRC knockdown increased the accumulation of ROS in osteosarcoma and osteosarcoma-derived CSCs under hypoxic conditions due to the decrease in ROS scavenging proteins. Moreover, LRPPRC knockdown sensitized osteosarcomas and CSCs against carboplatin, a ROS-inducing chemoagent, and promoted apoptosis. Furthermore, LRPPRC knockdown significantly decreased the mitochondrial membrane potential, disturbed mitochondrial homeostasis and led to mitochondrial dysfunction. CONCLUSION Taken together, these findings indicated that LRPPRC exerts critical roles in regulating mitochondrial homeostasis, mitochondrial function and tumorigenesis in osteosarcomas and osteosarcoma-derived CSCs. This suggests that LRPPRC might be a promising therapeutic target for osteosarcomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyi Zhao
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610041, P.R. China
| | - Yingwei Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610041, P.R. China
| | - Jing Tang
- Chongqing Three gorges medical college, Chongqing, 404120, P.R. China
| | - Yuting Yang
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610041, P.R. China
| | - Xiaochao Xu
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610000, P.R. China.
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He X, Liao Y, Liu J, Sun S. Research Progress of Natural Small-Molecule Compounds Related to Tumor Differentiation. Molecules 2022; 27:2128. [PMID: 35408534 PMCID: PMC9000768 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27072128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor differentiation is a therapeutic strategy aimed at reactivating the endogenous differentiation program of cancer cells and inducing cancer cells to mature and differentiate into other types of cells. It has been found that a variety of natural small-molecule drugs can induce tumor cell differentiation both in vitro and in vivo. Relevant molecules involved in the differentiation process may be potential therapeutic targets for tumor cells. Compared with synthetic drugs, natural small-molecule antitumor compounds have the characteristics of wide sources, structural diversity and low toxicity. In addition, natural drugs with structural modification and transformation have relatively concentrated targets and enhanced efficacy. Therefore, using natural small-molecule compounds to induce malignant cell differentiation represents a more targeted and potential low-toxicity means of tumor treatment. In this review, we focus on natural small-molecule compounds that induce differentiation of myeloid leukemia cells, osteoblasts and other malignant cells into functional cells by regulating signaling pathways and the expression of specific genes. We provide a reference for the subsequent development of natural small molecules for antitumor applications and promote the development of differentiation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli He
- Molecular Biology Research Center, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China; (X.H.); (Y.L.)
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Hematology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Yongkang Liao
- Molecular Biology Research Center, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China; (X.H.); (Y.L.)
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Hematology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Molecular Biology Research Center, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China; (X.H.); (Y.L.)
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Hematology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Shuming Sun
- Molecular Biology Research Center, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China; (X.H.); (Y.L.)
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Hematology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
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Menéndez ST, Gallego B, Murillo D, Rodríguez A, Rodríguez R. Cancer Stem Cells as a Source of Drug Resistance in Bone Sarcomas. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10122621. [PMID: 34198693 PMCID: PMC8232081 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10122621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone sarcomas are commonly characterized by a high degree of intra-tumor heterogeneity, which in part is due to the presence of subpopulations of tumor cells presenting stem cell properties. Similar to normal stem cells, these cancer stem cells (CSCs) display a drug resistant phenotype and therefore are responsible for relapses and tumor dissemination. Drug resistance in bone sarcomas could be enhanced/modulated during tumor evolution though the acquisition of (epi)-genetic alterations and the adaptation to changing microenvironments, including drug treatments. Here we summarize findings supporting the involvement of pro-stemness signaling in the development of drug resistance in bone sarcomas. This include the activation of well-known pro-stemness pathways (Wnt/β-Cat, NOTCH or JAT/STAT pathways), changes in the metabolic and autophagic activities, the alteration of epigenetic pathways, the upregulation of specific non-coding RNAs and the crosstalk with different microenvironmental factors. This altered signaling is expected to be translated to the clinic in the form of biomarkers of response and new therapies able to overcome drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofía T. Menéndez
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Avenida de Roma s/n, 33011 Oviedo, Spain; (B.G.); (D.M.); (A.R.)
- Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, Universidad de Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
- CIBER en Oncología (CIBERONC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (S.T.M.); (R.R.)
| | - Borja Gallego
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Avenida de Roma s/n, 33011 Oviedo, Spain; (B.G.); (D.M.); (A.R.)
| | - Dzohara Murillo
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Avenida de Roma s/n, 33011 Oviedo, Spain; (B.G.); (D.M.); (A.R.)
| | - Aida Rodríguez
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Avenida de Roma s/n, 33011 Oviedo, Spain; (B.G.); (D.M.); (A.R.)
| | - René Rodríguez
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Avenida de Roma s/n, 33011 Oviedo, Spain; (B.G.); (D.M.); (A.R.)
- Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, Universidad de Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
- CIBER en Oncología (CIBERONC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (S.T.M.); (R.R.)
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Wang J, Aldahamsheh O, Ferrena A, Borjihan H, Singla A, Yaguare S, Singh S, Viscarret V, Tingling J, Zi X, Lo Y, Gorlick R, Zheng D, Schwartz EL, Zhao H, Yang R, Geller DS, Hoang BH. The interaction of SKP2 with p27 enhances the progression and stemness of osteosarcoma. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2021; 1490:90-104. [PMID: 33594717 PMCID: PMC8632790 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is a highly aggressive malignancy for which treatment has remained essentially unchanged for years. Our previous studies found that the F-box protein SKP2 is overexpressed in osteosarcoma, acting as a proto-oncogene; p27Kip1 (p27) is an inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinases and a downstream substrate of SKP2-mediated ubiquitination. Overexpression of SKP2 and underexpression of p27 are common characteristics of cancer cells. The SCFSKP2 E3 ligase ubiquitinates Thr187-phosphorylated p27 for proteasome degradation, which can be abolished by a Thr187Ala knock-in (p27T187A KI) mutation. RB1 and TP53 are two major tumor suppressors commonly coinactivated in osteosarcoma. We generated a mouse model with a double knockout (DKO) of Rb1 and Trp53 within cells of the osteoblastic lineage, which developed osteosarcoma with full penetrance. When p27T187A KI mice were crossed on to the DKO background, p27T187A protein was found to accumulate in osteosarcoma tumor tissues. Furthermore, p27T187A promoted apoptosis in DKO tumors, slowed disease progression, and significantly prolonged overall survival. RNA sequencing analysis also linked the SCFSKP2 -p27T187A axis to potentially reduced cancer stemness. Given that RB1 and TP53 loss or coinactivation is common in human osteosarcoma, our study suggests that inhibiting the SKP2-p27 axis may represent a desirable therapeutic strategy for this cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jichuan Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
- Musculoskleletal Tumor Center, Beijing Key Laboratory for Musculoskeletal Tumors, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Osama Aldahamsheh
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Alexander Ferrena
- Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Hasibagan Borjihan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Amit Singla
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Simon Yaguare
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Swapnil Singh
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Valentina Viscarret
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Janet Tingling
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Xiaolin Zi
- Department of Urology, University of California, Irvine Medical Center, Orange, California
| | - Yungtai Lo
- Department of Epidemiology & Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Richard Gorlick
- Division of Pediatrics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Deyou Zheng
- Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Edward L. Schwartz
- Departments of Medicine (Oncology) and Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Hongling Zhao
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Rui Yang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - David S. Geller
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Bang H. Hoang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
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Serial Xenotransplantation in NSG Mice Promotes a Hybrid Epithelial/Mesenchymal Gene Expression Signature and Stemness in Rhabdomyosarcoma Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12010196. [PMID: 31941033 PMCID: PMC7016569 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12010196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Serial xenotransplantation of sorted cancer cells in immunodeficient mice remains the most complex test of cancer stem cell (CSC) phenotype. However, we have demonstrated in various sarcomas that putative CSC surface markers fail to identify CSCs, thereby impeding the isolation of CSCs for subsequent analyses. Here, we utilized serial xenotransplantation of unsorted rhabdomyosarcoma cells in NOD/SCID gamma (NSG) mice as a proof-of-principle platform to investigate the molecular signature of CSCs. Indeed, serial xenotransplantation steadily enriched for rhabdomyosarcoma stem-like cells characterized by enhanced aldehyde dehydrogenase activity and increased colony and sphere formation capacity in vitro. Although the expression of core pluripotency factors (SOX2, OCT4, NANOG) and common CSC markers (CD133, ABCG2, nestin) was maintained over the passages in mice, gene expression profiling revealed gradual changes in several stemness regulators and genes linked with undifferentiated myogenic precursors, e.g., SOX4, PAX3, MIR145, and CDH15. Moreover, we identified the induction of a hybrid epithelial/mesenchymal gene expression signature that was associated with the increase in CSC number. In total, 60 genes related to epithelial or mesenchymal traits were significantly altered upon serial xenotransplantation. In silico survival analysis based on the identified potential stemness-associated genes demonstrated that serial xenotransplantation of unsorted rhabdomyosarcoma cells in NSG mice might be a useful tool for the unbiased enrichment of CSCs and the identification of novel CSC-specific targets. Using this approach, we provide evidence for a recently proposed link between the hybrid epithelial/mesenchymal phenotype and cancer stemness.
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Jiang T, Xu G, Chen X, Huang X, Zhao J, Zheng L. Impact of Hydrogel Elasticity and Adherence on Osteosarcoma Cells and Osteoblasts. Adv Healthc Mater 2019; 8:e1801587. [PMID: 30838809 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201801587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Biochemical and physical properties of extracellular matrix (ECM) control cell behaviors, but how they affect osteosarcoma cells that do not require attachment and their normal counterparts (osteoblasts) that are anchorage-dependent has not been reported yet. In this study, the effects of matrix elasticity and adherence on osteosarcoma MG63 cells are investigated using four types of scaffolds (collagen type I, matrigel, alginate, and agarose) with varied adhesion ligands and rigidity, as compared with osteoblast hFOB1.19 cells. MG63 cells on 2D films are sensitive to ECM adherence, similar to the situation of hFOB1.19 cultured in both 2D and 3D. However, osteosarcoma cells in 3D hydrogels are sensitive to ECM elasticity rather than adherence, with tumor proliferation and malignancy varied with matrix rigidity. The results indicate that osteosarcomas cells might adopt unnatural characteristics on flat surfaces. But in 3D culture, they recover their normal state independent of adherence, as regulated mainly by ECM elasticity via the integrin-mediated focal adhesion pathway, which is further confirmed by in vivo studies. In contrast, osteoblasts and 2D cultured osteosarcoma cells are predominantly influenced by ECM bioactivity regulated by integrin-mediated adherens junction pathway. This study might provide new insights into rational design of scaffolds for tumor/tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongmeng Jiang
- Guangxi Engineering Center in Biomedical Materials for Tissue and Organ Regeneration & Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for BiomedicineLife Sciences InstituteGuangxi Medical University Nanning 530021 China
- Department of Orthopaedics (Bone and Joint Surgery, Trauma and Hand Surgery, Spine Osteopathia)The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University Nanning 530021 China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative MedicineInternational Joint Laboratory on Regeneration of Bone and Soft TissueThe First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical UniversityGuangxi Medical University Nanning 530021 China
| | - Guojie Xu
- Guangxi Engineering Center in Biomedical Materials for Tissue and Organ Regeneration & Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for BiomedicineLife Sciences InstituteGuangxi Medical University Nanning 530021 China
- Department of Orthopaedics (Bone and Joint Surgery, Trauma and Hand Surgery, Spine Osteopathia)The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University Nanning 530021 China
| | - Xiaoming Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics (Bone and Joint Surgery, Trauma and Hand Surgery, Spine Osteopathia)The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University Nanning 530021 China
| | - Xianyuan Huang
- Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Wuzhou City Wuzhou 543002 China
| | - Jinmin Zhao
- Guangxi Engineering Center in Biomedical Materials for Tissue and Organ Regeneration & Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for BiomedicineLife Sciences InstituteGuangxi Medical University Nanning 530021 China
- Department of Orthopaedics (Bone and Joint Surgery, Trauma and Hand Surgery, Spine Osteopathia)The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University Nanning 530021 China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative MedicineInternational Joint Laboratory on Regeneration of Bone and Soft TissueThe First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical UniversityGuangxi Medical University Nanning 530021 China
| | - Li Zheng
- Guangxi Engineering Center in Biomedical Materials for Tissue and Organ Regeneration & Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for BiomedicineLife Sciences InstituteGuangxi Medical University Nanning 530021 China
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Qi XT, Li YL, Zhang YQ, Xu T, Lu B, Fang L, Gao JQ, Yu LS, Zhu DF, Yang B, He QJ, Ying MD. KLF4 functions as an oncogene in promoting cancer stem cell-like characteristics in osteosarcoma cells. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2019; 40:546-555. [PMID: 29930276 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-018-0050-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite more effective chemotherapy combined with limb-salvage surgery for the osteosarcoma treatment, survival rates for osteosarcoma patients have stagnated over the past three decades due to the poor prognosis. Osteosarcoma cancer stem cells (OSCs) are responsible for the growth and metastasis of osteosarcoma. The existence of OSCs offers a theoretical explanation for therapeutic failures including tumor recurrence, metastasis, and drug resistance. Understanding the pathways that regulate properties of OSCs may shed light on mechanisms that lead to osteosarcoma and suggest better modes of treatment. In this study, we showed that the expression level of Kruppel-like factor 4 (KLF4) is highly associated with human osteosarcoma cancer stemness. KLF4-overexpressed osteosarcoma cells displayed characteristics of OSCs: increased sphere-forming potential, enhanced levels of stemness-associated genes, great chemoresistance to adriamycin and CDDP, as well as more metastasis potential. Inversely, KLF4 knockdown could reduce colony formation in vitro and inhibit tumorigenesis in vivo, supporting an oncogenic role for KLF4 in osteosarcoma pathogenesis. Furthermore, KLF4 was shown to activate the p38 MAPK signaling pathway to promote cancer stemness. Altogether, our studies uncover an essential role for KLF4 in regulation of OSCs and identify KLF4-p38 MAPK axis as a potential therapeutic target for osteosarcoma treatment.
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Cancer stem cells in sarcomas: Getting to the stemness core. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2018; 1862:2134-2139. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2018.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Revised: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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11
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Ubiquitin-dependent degradation of CDK2 drives the therapeutic differentiation of AML by targeting PRDX2. Blood 2018; 131:2698-2711. [PMID: 29720484 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2017-10-813139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A distinct hallmark of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is the arrest of leukemic myeloblasts at an immature stage of development. Therapies that overcome differentiation arrest have emerged as a powerful strategy for treating AML, but targeting leukemia differentiation remains challenging, mainly because of an incomplete mechanistic understanding of the process. Here, we unveil a new role for cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) in blocking myeloid differentiation in AML. We show that among several interphase CDK, only CDK2 undergoes ubiquitin-dependent proteasome degradation, which is accompanied by AML cell differentiation. By using the yeast 2-hybrid system and functional analyses, KLHL6 was identified as a specific E3 ubiquitin ligase regulating the degradation of CDK2. Importantly, inhibiting CDK2, but not other cyclin-dependent kinases CDK1/4/6, effectively induced granulocytic differentiation in AML cell lines and 5 major subtypes of primary patient-derived AML samples. Mechanistically, CDK2 depletion led to the reactivation of differentiation pathway translation, and the differentiation blockade function of CDK2 may be achieved directly by maintaining the activity of PRDX2. Finally, CDK2 depletion arrested tumor growth of AML cells in nude mice and extended survival in both AML cell line and PDX-AML cells derived xenograft mouse models. Thus, our work not only provides experimental evidence for validating CDK2 as a potential therapeutic target for differentiation, but also uncovers the biological function of the CDK2-PRDX2 axis in blocking AML differentiation.
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12
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Qu H, Xue Y, Lian W, Wang C, He J, Fu Q, Zhong L, Lin N, Lai L, Ye Z, Wang Q. Melatonin inhibits osteosarcoma stem cells by suppressing SOX9-mediated signaling. Life Sci 2018; 207:253-264. [PMID: 29689273 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2018] [Revised: 04/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) has been reported to suppress epithelial-mesenchymal transition and cancer stem cells in some types of cancer. However, the effects of melatonin on the osteosarcoma stem cells, epithelial-mesenchymal transition and metastasis of osteosarcoma are still not clear. The present study was conducted to dissect the activity of melatonin on the osteosarcoma stem cells and the underlying mechanisms. MAIN METHODS MTT, wound healing, transwell assay and western blotting were conducted to determine the effect of melatonin on osteosarcoma cell invasion and migration and downregulation of SOX9-mediated signaling. Tumor spheroid assay and FACS analysis were performed to analyze the inhibition of the osteosarcoma stem cells. In vivo model for tumor formation and metastasis from single cell clone was used to evaluate the suppression of osteosarcoma stem cells by melatonin. KEY FINDINGS We demonstrated that melatonin potently suppresses the migration and invasion of osteosarcoma cells. Furthermore, melatonin significantly inhibits the sarcosphere formation of osteosarcoma stem cells and regulates EMT markers of osteosarcoma cells. In vivo mice model showed that melatonin significantly inhibits the initiation and metastasis of osteosarcoma. SOX9 is the key transcription factor mediating the effect of melatonin. Melatonin inhibited of cancer stem cell by down-regulation of SOX9-mediated signaling pathway in osteosarcoma. SIGNIFICANCE Collectively, these results deepen the understanding of the biological functions of melatonin and provide new insights for the intervention of osteosarcoma stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Qu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Yue Xue
- Institute of Immunology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Wenwen Lian
- Institute of Immunology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Cong Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Jia He
- Institute of Immunology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Qihong Fu
- Hangzhou Normal University School of Clinical Medicine, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Lijia Zhong
- Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Nong Lin
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Lihua Lai
- Institute of Immunology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zhaoming Ye
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China.
| | - Qingqing Wang
- Institute of Immunology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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13
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Gozo MC, Jia D, Aspuria PJ, Cheon DJ, Miura N, Walts AE, Karlan BY, Orsulic S. FOXC2 augments tumor propagation and metastasis in osteosarcoma. Oncotarget 2018; 7:68792-68802. [PMID: 27634875 PMCID: PMC5356590 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is a highly malignant tumor that contains a small subpopulation of tumor-propagating cells (also known as tumor-initiating cells) characterized by drug resistance and high metastatic potential. The molecular mechanism by which tumor-propagating cells promote tumor growth is poorly understood. Here, we report that the transcription factor forkhead box C2 (FOXC2) is frequently expressed in human osteosarcomas and is important in maintaining osteosarcoma cells in a stem-like state. In osteosarcoma cell lines, we show that anoikis conditions stimulate FOXC2 expression. Downregulation of FOXC2 decreases anchorage-independent growth and invasion in vitro and lung metastasis in vivo, while overexpression of FOXC2 increases tumor propagation in vivo. In osteosarcoma cell lines, we demonstrate that high levels of FOXC2 are associated with and required for the expression of osteosarcoma tumor-propagating cell markers. In FOXC2 knockdown cell lines, we show that CXCR4, a downstream target of FOXC2, can restore osteosarcoma cell invasiveness and metastasis to the lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maricel C Gozo
- Women's Cancer Program at the Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Graduate Program in Biomedical Science and Translational Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Dongyu Jia
- Women's Cancer Program at the Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Paul-Joseph Aspuria
- Women's Cancer Program at the Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Dong-Joo Cheon
- Women's Cancer Program at the Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Naoyuki Miura
- Department of Biochemistry, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Ann E Walts
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Beth Y Karlan
- Women's Cancer Program at the Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sandra Orsulic
- Women's Cancer Program at the Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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14
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Zhang N, Xie T, Xian M, Wang YJ, Li HY, Ying MD, Ye ZM. SIRT1 promotes metastasis of human osteosarcoma cells. Oncotarget 2018; 7:79654-79669. [PMID: 27793039 PMCID: PMC5346743 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2015] [Accepted: 09/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary metastasis is the leading cause of mortality in patients with osteosarcoma; however, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. The NAD+-dependent deacetylase, sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), has been reported to play a key role in carcinogenesis through deacetylation of important regulatory proteins. Here, we report that SIRT1 promotes osteosarcoma metastasis by regulating the expression of metastatic-associated genes. The SIRT1 protein was significantly upregulated in most primary osteosarcoma tumours, compared with normal tissues, and the SIRT1 expression level may be coupled with metastatic risk in patients with osteosarcoma. Moreover, the results of cell migration and wound-healing assays further suggested that higher expression of SIRT1 promoted invasive activity of osteosarcoma cells. Importantly, downregulating SIRT1 with shRNA inhibited the migration ability of osteosarcoma cells in vitro and suppressed tumour lung metastasis in mice. Finally, a gene expression analysis showed that knockdown of SIRT1 profoundly activated translation of its downstream pathway, particularly at migration and invasion. In summary, high levels of SIRT1 may be a biomarker for a high metastatic rate in osteosarcoma patients; inhibiting SIRT1 could be a potent therapeutic intervention for these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, P.R. China
| | - Tao Xie
- Department of Orthopaedics, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, P.R. China
| | - Miao Xian
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, P.R. China
| | - Yi-Jie Wang
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, P.R. China
| | - Heng-Yuan Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, P.R. China
| | - Mei-Dan Ying
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, P.R. China
| | - Zhao-Ming Ye
- Department of Orthopaedics, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, P.R. China
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15
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Zhong Z, Mao S, Lin H, Lin JM, Lin J. Comparative proteomics of cancer stem cells in osteosarcoma using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography and Orbitrap Fusion mass spectrometer. Talanta 2018; 178:362-368. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2017.09.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Revised: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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16
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Gatti M, Solari A, Pattarozzi A, Campanella C, Thellung S, Maniscalco L, De Maria R, Würth R, Corsaro A, Bajetto A, Ratto A, Ferrari A, Daga A, Barbieri F, Florio T. In vitro and in vivo characterization of stem-like cells from canine osteosarcoma and assessment of drug sensitivity. Exp Cell Res 2018; 363:48-64. [PMID: 29305964 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2018.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Revised: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cancer stem cell (CSC) self-renewing and drug resistance cause treatment failure and tumor recurrence. Osteosarcoma is an aggressive bone tumor characterized by biological and molecular heterogeneity, possibly dependent on CSCs. CSC identification in osteosarcoma and their efficient targeting are still open questions. Spontaneous canine osteosarcoma shares clinical and biological features with the human tumors, representing a model for translational studies. We characterized three CSC-enriched canine osteosarcoma cultures. In serum-free conditions, these CSC cultures grow as anchorage-independent spheroids, show mesenchymal-like properties and in vivo tumorigenicity, recapitulating the heterogeneity of the original osteosarcoma. Osteosarcoma CSCs express stem-related factors (Sox2, Oct4, CD133) and chemokine receptors and ligands (CXCR4, CXCL12) involved in tumor proliferation and self-renewal. Standard drugs for osteosarcoma treatment (doxorubicin and cisplatin) affected CSC-enriched and parental primary cultures, showing different efficacy within tumors. Moreover, metformin, a type-2 diabetes drug, significantly inhibits osteosarcoma CSC viability, migration and self-renewal and, in co-treatment with doxorubicin and cisplatin, enhances drug cytotoxicity. Collectively, we demonstrate that canine osteosarcoma primary cultures contain CSCs exhibiting distinctive sensitivity to anticancer agents, as a reliable experimental model to assay drug efficacy. We also provide proof-of-principle of metformin efficacy, alone or in combination, as pharmacological strategy to target osteosarcoma CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Gatti
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Internal Medicine, and Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research (CEBR), University of Genova, Viale Benedetto XV, 2, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Agnese Solari
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Internal Medicine, and Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research (CEBR), University of Genova, Viale Benedetto XV, 2, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Alessandra Pattarozzi
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Internal Medicine, and Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research (CEBR), University of Genova, Viale Benedetto XV, 2, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Chiara Campanella
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle D'Aosta, National Reference Center of Veterinary and Comparative Oncology (CEROVEC), Piazza Borgo Pila 39, 16129 Genova, Italy
| | - Stefano Thellung
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Internal Medicine, and Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research (CEBR), University of Genova, Viale Benedetto XV, 2, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Lorella Maniscalco
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Torino, Largo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco (Torino), Italy
| | - Raffaella De Maria
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Torino, Largo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco (Torino), Italy
| | - Roberto Würth
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Internal Medicine, and Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research (CEBR), University of Genova, Viale Benedetto XV, 2, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Alessandro Corsaro
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Internal Medicine, and Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research (CEBR), University of Genova, Viale Benedetto XV, 2, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Adriana Bajetto
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Internal Medicine, and Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research (CEBR), University of Genova, Viale Benedetto XV, 2, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Alessandra Ratto
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle D'Aosta, National Reference Center of Veterinary and Comparative Oncology (CEROVEC), Piazza Borgo Pila 39, 16129 Genova, Italy
| | - Angelo Ferrari
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle D'Aosta, National Reference Center of Veterinary and Comparative Oncology (CEROVEC), Piazza Borgo Pila 39, 16129 Genova, Italy
| | - Antonio Daga
- IRCCS-AOU San Martino-IST, Largo Benzi 10, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Federica Barbieri
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Internal Medicine, and Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research (CEBR), University of Genova, Viale Benedetto XV, 2, 16132 Genova, Italy.
| | - Tullio Florio
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Internal Medicine, and Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research (CEBR), University of Genova, Viale Benedetto XV, 2, 16132 Genova, Italy.
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17
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Abstract
Sarcomas arise from primitive mesenchymal cells, which are classified, into two main groups: Bone and soft tissue sarcomas. We have searched all-important electronic databases including Google scholar and PubMed for the collection of latest literature pertaining to pediatric sarcomas. Latest literature confirmed that these tumors are relatively rare and represent only 1% of all malignancies but they have higher incidence in children. Pediatric sarcomas comprise about 13% of all pediatric malignancies and are ranked third in childhood cancers. The highest incidence rates are reported among rhabdomyosarcoma, osteosarcoma and Ewing's sarcomas in children. All of these neoplasms often display highly aggressive behavior with tendency to form metastases. Important globally used management avenues include surgery with systemic chemotherapy and have success rate of 70% at 5-years. Furthermore, in the cases of advanced stages, the prognosis is poor, chances of treatment failure and recurrence are quite high. Utilization of cancer stem cells is the latest approach with great potential in management of above pathological state. The present review article discuss all-important aspects of commonly found pediatric sarcomas throughout the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhua Cao
- Department of Pediatric Internal Medicine, Xuzhou Children's Hospital, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, P.R. China
| | - Qi An
- Department of Pediatric Internal Medicine, Xuzhou Children's Hospital, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, P.R. China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Pediatric Internal Medicine, Xuzhou Children's Hospital, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, P.R. China
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18
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Li Y, Xian M, Yang B, Ying M, He Q. Inhibition of KLF4 by Statins Reverses Adriamycin-Induced Metastasis and Cancer Stemness in Osteosarcoma Cells. Stem Cell Reports 2017; 8:1617-1629. [PMID: 28552603 PMCID: PMC5470096 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2017.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Revised: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Adriamycin-based combination chemotherapy is the standard first-line treatment for osteosarcoma, but tumor recurrence and metastasis occurs in most cases. Recent evidence suggests that microenvironmental stress such as chemotherapy can lead to the enrichment of cancer stem cells (CSCs), which result in cancer metastasis, recurrence, and drug resistance. However, the exact mechanisms underlying this phenomenon and how to target CSCs are still open questions. Herein, we report that Adriamycin treatment induces a stem-like phenotype and promotes metastatic potential in osteosarcoma cells through upregulating KLF4. KLF4 knockdown blocks Adriamycin-induced stemness phenotype and metastasis capacity. We further screen that statins remarkably reverse Adriamycin-induced CSC properties and metastasis by downregulating KLF4. Most strikingly, simvastatin severely impaired Adriamycin-enhanced tumorigenesis of KHOS/NP cells in vivo. These data suggest that Adriamycin-based chemotherapeutics may simulate CSCs through activation of KLF4 signaling and that selective inhibition of KLF4 with statins should be considered in the development of osteosarcoma therapeutics. Adriamycin treatment induces a stemness phenotype in osteosarcoma cells KLF4 is a key transcriptional regulator of ADR-induced osteosarcoma cancer stemness Simvastatin reverses ADR-induced CSC properties by downregulating KLF4 Simvastatin abolishes ADR-enhanced tumorigenesis of KHOS/NP cells in vivo
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangling Li
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Room 427, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Miao Xian
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Room 427, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Bo Yang
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Room 427, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Meidan Ying
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Room 427, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Qiaojun He
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Room 427, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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19
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Liu X, Li C, Zhang L, Shi X, Wu S. Personalized Identification of Differentially Expressed Modules in Osteosarcoma. Med Sci Monit 2017; 23:774-779. [PMID: 28190021 PMCID: PMC5319443 DOI: 10.12659/msm.899638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteosarcoma (OS), an aggressive malignant neoplasm, is the most common primary bone cancer mainly in adolescents and young adults. Differentially expressed modules tend to distinguish differences integrally. Identifying modules individually has been crucial for understanding OS mechanisms and applications of custom therapeutic decisions in the future. MATERIAL AND METHODS Samples came from individuals were used from control group (n=15) and OS group (n=84). Based on clique-merging, module-identification algorithm was used to identify modules from OS PPI networks. A novel approach - the individualized module aberrance score (iMAS) was performed to distinguish differences, making special use of accumulated normal samples (ANS). We performed biological process ontology to classify functionally modules. Then Support Vector Machine (SVM) was used to test distribution results of normal and OS group with screened modules. RESULTS We identified 83 modules containing 2084 genes from PPI network in which 61 modules were significantly different. Cluster analysis of OS using the iMAS method identified 5 modules clusters. Specificity=1.00 and Sensitivity=1.00 proved the distribution outcomes of screened modules were mainly consistent with that of total data, which suggested the efficiency of 61 modules. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that a novel pipeline that identified the dysregulated modules in individuals of OS. The constructed process is expected to aid in personalized health care, which may present fruitful strategies for medical therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhou Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Jinling Hospital affiliated to Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Chengjun Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Jinling Hospital affiliated to Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Jinling Hospital affiliated to Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Xin Shi
- Department of Orthopedics, Jinling Hospital affiliated to Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Sujia Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, Jinling Hospital affiliated to Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
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20
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Overcoming Therapeutic Resistance of Bone Sarcomas: Overview of the Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Targets for Bone Sarcoma Stem Cells. Stem Cells Int 2016; 2016:2603092. [PMID: 28115942 PMCID: PMC5223039 DOI: 10.1155/2016/2603092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2016] [Revised: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone sarcomas are heterogeneous malignant tumors that exhibit clinical, histological, and molecular heterogeneity. Recent progress in their multimodal treatment has gradually improved patient prognosis; however, drug resistance and distant metastasis remain unresolved clinical problems. Recent investigations have suggested the existence of cancer stem-like cells (CSCs) in bone sarcomas, which represent a subpopulation of tumor cells with high tumor-forming ability. The hallmarks of CSCs include tumor- and metastasis-forming potential and drug resistance, which are responsible for poor prognoses of bone sarcoma patients. Therefore, elucidation of the molecular mechanisms of CSCs and identification of therapeutic targets could contribute to novel treatment strategies for bone sarcomas and improve patient prognosis. This paper provides an overview of the accumulating knowledge on bone sarcoma stem cells and preclinical analyses to overcome their lethal phenotypes, in addition to a discussion of their potential for novel therapeutics for bone sarcomas.
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21
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Zhang D, Zhao Q, Sun H, Yin L, Wu J, Xu J, He T, Yang C, Liang C. Defective autophagy leads to the suppression of stem-like features of CD271 + osteosarcoma cells. J Biomed Sci 2016; 23:82. [PMID: 27863492 PMCID: PMC5116184 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-016-0297-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background As an important stress-response mechanism, autophagy plays crucial role in the tumor formation and drug resistance of cancer cells including osteosarcoma (OS). OS cancer stem cells (CSCs) also are considered a key factor of tumorigenesis, drug resistance and tumor recurrence. However, the relationship between autophagy and OS CSCs still remains unclear. Methods CD271+ OS CSCs and CD271- OS cells were isolated by magnetic activated cell sorting. The autophagy level was evaluated by the mRNA expression of autophagy genes, the protein level of LC3II and p62, and the mean number of GFP-LC3 dot per cell. Lentivirus-delivered specific shRNA was utilized to inhibit the corresponding gene expression. The cell viability was examined with CCK8 assay. The cell proliferation level was detected with BrdU staining assay. Cell death was determined by Annexin V/PI double staining of fluorescence activated cell sorting, lactate dehydrogenase release and caspase-3 activity. Tumorigenicity ability was evaluated by colony and sphere formation assay, the protein expression of stemness markers and tumor formation in nude mice. Results Our data indicated that CD271+ OS CSCs had a similar basic autophagy level with CD271- OS cells. Autophagy deficiency had no observable effects on the levels of cell proliferation and death both in CD271+ and CD271- OS cells under normal condition. However, CD271+ OS cells showed a higher autophagy activity than CD271- OS cells under hypoxia and low nutrient (LH) condition. Moreover, autophagy-deficient CD271+ OS cells lost the advantage of tolerance to LH condition compared to CD271- OS cells. Meanwhile, autophagy deficiency enhanced the sensitivity to chemotherapeutics in the CD271+ cells to the comparable level in the CD271- cells. More importantly, deficient-autophagy decreased the protein expression of stemness markers and caused the disappearance of the superiority in tumorigenicity in vitro and vivo in CD271+ OS cells. Conclusion The results above demonstrated that autophagy contributes to the stem-like features of CD271+ OS CSCs. Inhibition of autophagy is a promising strategy in the CSCs-targeting OS therapy. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12929-016-0297-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Zhang
- Department of Spinal Disease, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200437, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Zhao
- Department of Spinal Disease, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200437, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Sun
- Department of Spinal Disease, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200437, People's Republic of China
| | - Lijuan Yin
- Department of Pathology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiajun Wu
- Department of Spinal Disease, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200437, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Xu
- Department of Spinal Disease, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200437, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianxiang He
- Department of Spinal Disease, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200437, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunlei Yang
- Department of Spinal Disease, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200437, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chengwei Liang
- Department of Orthopedics, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, No. 221 West Yan An Road, Shanghai, 200040, People's Republic of China.
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22
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He L, Yang Z, Li Z. The clinical pathological significance of Thy1 and CD49f expression in chondrosarcomas. Pathol Res Pract 2016; 212:636-42. [PMID: 27155928 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2016.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2015] [Revised: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study investigated the protein expression and clinicopathological significance of Thy1 and CD49f in chondrosarcomas. METHODS Thy1 and CD49f protein expression in 59 chondrosarcomas and 33 osteochondromas were measured by immunohistochemical staining. RESULTS The percentage of positive Thy1 and CD49f expression was significantly higher in patients with chondrosarcoma than in patients with osteochondroma (P<0.01). The percentage of positive Thy1 and CD49f expression was significantly lower in patients with histological grade I, Enneking stage I, AJCC stage I/II stage, non-metastatic and non-invasive chondrosarcoma than in patients with histological grade III, Enneking stage II+III, AJCC stage III/IV, metastatic and invasive chondrosarcoma (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Thy1 expression was positively correlated with CD49f expression in chondrosarcoma. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that histological grade, AJCC stage, Enneking stage, metastasis, invasion, and Thy1 and CD49f expression significantly correlated with shorter mean survival time in chondrosarcoma patients (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Cox multivariate analysis showed that positive Thy1 and CD49f expression was an independent prognostic factor that negatively correlated with overall postoperative survival. CONCLUSION Positive Thy1 and CD49f expression is significantly associated with the progression and poor prognosis of chondrosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lile He
- Department of Orthopedics, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Zhulin Yang
- Research Laboratory of Hepatobiliary Diseases, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Zhihong Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China.
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Yan GN, Lv YF, Guo QN. Advances in osteosarcoma stem cell research and opportunities for novel therapeutic targets. Cancer Lett 2016; 370:268-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2015.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Revised: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Fouladiha H, Marashi SA, Shokrgozar MA. Reconstruction and validation of a constraint-based metabolic network model for bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Cell Prolif 2015; 48:475-85. [PMID: 26132591 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Over recent years, constraint-based modelling of metabolic networks has become increasingly popular; the models are suitable for system-level modelling of cell physiology. The goal of the present work was to reconstruct a constraint-based metabolic network model of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs). MATERIALS AND METHODS To reconstruct a BMMSC-specific metabolic model, transcriptomic data of BMMSCs, and additionally, the human generic metabolic network model (Recon1) were used. Then, using the mCADRE algorithm, a draft metabolic network was reconstructed. Literature and proteomic data were subsequently used to refine and improve the draft. From this, iMSC1255 was derived to be the metabolic network model of BMMSCs. RESULTS iMSC1255 has 1255 genes, 1850 metabolites and 2288 reactions. After including additional constraints based on previously reported experimental results, our model successfully predicted BMMSC growth rate and metabolic phenotypes. CONCLUSIONS Here, iMSC1255 is introduced to be the metabolic network model of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Based on current knowledge, this is the first report on genome-scale reconstruction and validation of a stem cell metabolic network model.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Fouladiha
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, 1417614411, Iran
| | - S-A Marashi
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, 1417614411, Iran
| | - M A Shokrgozar
- National Cell Bank of Iran, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, 1316943551, Iran
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TAMARI KEISUKE, HAYASHI KAZUHIKO, ISHII HIDESHI, KANO YOSHIHIRO, KONNO MASAMITSU, KAWAMOTO KOICHI, NISHIDA NAOHIRO, KOSEKI JUN, FUKUSUMI TAKAHITO, HASEGAWA SHINICHIRO, OGAWA HISATAKA, HAMABE ATSUSHI, MIYO MASAAKI, NOGUCHI KOZO, SEO YUJI, DOKI YUICHIRO, MORI MASAKI, OGAWA KAZUHIKO. Identification of chemoradiation-resistant osteosarcoma stem cells using an imaging system for proteasome activity. Int J Oncol 2014; 45:2349-54. [DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2014.2671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2014] [Accepted: 08/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Yang Z, Chen Y, Fu Y, Yang Y, Zhang Y, Chen Y, Li D. Meta-analysis of differentially expressed genes in osteosarcoma based on gene expression data. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2014; 15:80. [PMID: 25023069 PMCID: PMC4109777 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2350-15-80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2014] [Accepted: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Background To uncover the genes involved in the development of osteosarcoma (OS), we performed a meta-analysis of OS microarray data to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and biological functions associated with gene expression changes between OS and normal control (NC) tissues. Methods We used publicly available GEO datasets of OS to perform a meta-analysis. We performed Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis and Protein-Protein interaction (PPI) networks analysis. Results Eight GEO datasets, including 240 samples of OS and 35 samples of controls, were available for the meta-analysis. We identified 979 DEGs across the studies between OS and NC tissues (472 up-regulated and 507 down-regulated). We found GO terms for molecular functions significantly enriched in protein binding (GO: 0005515, P = 3.83E-60) and calcium ion binding (GO: 0005509, P = 3.79E-13), while for biological processes, the enriched GO terms were cell adhesion (GO:0007155, P = 2.26E-19) and negative regulation of apoptotic process (GO: 0043066, P = 3.24E-15), and for cellular component, the enriched GO terms were cytoplasm (GO: 0005737, P = 9.18E-63) and extracellular region (GO: 0005576, P = 2.28E-47). The most significant pathway in our KEGG analysis was Focal adhesion (P = 5.70E-15). Furthermore, ECM-receptor interaction (P = 1.27E-13) and Cell cycle (P = 4.53E-11) are found to be highly enriched. PPI network analysis indicated that the significant hub proteins containing PTBP2 (Degree = 33), RGS4 (Degree = 15) and FXYD6 (Degree = 13). Conclusions Our meta-analysis detected DEGs and biological functions associated with gene expression changes between OS and NC tissues, guiding further identification and treatment for OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuozhang Yang
- Bone and Soft Tissue Tumors Research Center of Yunnan Province, Department of Orthopaedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Tumor Hospital of Yunnan Province), Kunming, Yunnan 650118, PR China.
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Hyperoside, a flavonoid compound, inhibits proliferation and stimulates osteogenic differentiation of human osteosarcoma cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e98973. [PMID: 24983940 PMCID: PMC4077650 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0098973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2013] [Accepted: 05/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma, one of the most common malignant bone tumours, is generally considered a differentiation disease caused by genetic and epigenetic disruptions in the terminal differentiation of osteoblasts. Novel therapies based on the non-cytotoxic induction of cell differentiation-responsive pathways could represent a significant advance in treating osteosarcoma; however, effective pharmaceuticals to induce differentiation are lacking. In the present study, we investigated the effect of hyperoside, a flavonoid compound, on the osteoblastic differentiation of U2OS and MG63 osteosarcoma cells in vitro. Our results demonstrated that hyperoside inhibits the proliferation of osteosarcoma cells by inducing G0/G1 arrest in the cell cycle, without causing obvious cell death. Cell migration assay further suggested that hyperoside could inhibit the invasion potential of osteosarcoma cells. Additionally, osteopontin and runt-related transcription factor 2 protein levels and osteocalcin activation were upregulated dramatically in hyperoside-treated osteosarcoma cells, suggesting that hyperoside may stimulates osteoblastic differentiation in osteosarcoma cells. This differentiation was accompanied by the activation of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β and bone morphogenetic protein-2, suggesting that the hyperoside-induced differentiation involves the TGF-β signalling pathway. To our knowledge, this study is the first to evaluate the differentiation effect of hyperoside in osteosarcoma cells and assess the possible potential for hyperoside treatment as a future therapeutic approach for osteosarcoma differentiation therapy.
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Yu L, Liu S, Zhang C, Zhang B, Simões BM, Eyre R, Liang Y, Yan H, Wu Z, Guo W, Clarke RB. Enrichment of human osteosarcoma stem cells based on hTERT transcriptional activity. Oncotarget 2013; 4:2326-38. [PMID: 24334332 PMCID: PMC3926830 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.1554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2013] [Accepted: 11/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Telomerase is crucial for the maintenance of stem/progenitor cells in adult tissues and is detected in most malignant cancers, including osteosarcoma. However, the relationship between telomerase expression and cancer stem cells remains unknown. We observed that sphere-derived osteosarcoma cells had higher telomerase activity, indicating that telomerase activity might be enriched in osteosarcoma stem cells. We sorted subpopulations with high or low telomerase activity (TEL) using hTERT transcriptional promoter-induced green fluorescent protein (GFP). The TELpos cells showed an increased sphere and tumor propagating capacity compared to TELneg cells, and enhanced stem cell-like properties such as invasiveness, metastatic activity and resistance to chemotherapeutic agents both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, the telomerase inhibitor MST312 prevented tumorigenic potential both in vitro and in vivo, preferentially targeting the TELpos cells. These data support telomerase inhibition as a potential targeted therapy for osteosarcoma stem-like cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Yu
- Department of Orthopedics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Jiefang Road, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Wilmslow Road, Manchester, UK
| | - Shiqing Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Jiefang Road, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Chun Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Jiefang Road, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Jiefang Road, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Bruno M. Simões
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Wilmslow Road, Manchester, UK
| | - Rachel Eyre
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Wilmslow Road, Manchester, UK
| | - Yi Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China and the Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Dongfeng Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Huichao Yan
- Opening Laboratory for Oversea Scientists, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Science, Donghu Road, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Zheng Wu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Tumor Hospital Xiangya School of Medicine of Central South University, Tongzipo Road, Changsha, Hunan, P.R.China
| | - Weichun Guo
- Department of Orthopedics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Jiefang Road, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Robert B. Clarke
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Wilmslow Road, Manchester, UK
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Bashur L, Zhou G. CANCER STEM CELLS IN OSTEOSARCOMA. CASE ORTHOPAEDIC JOURNAL 2013; 10:38-42. [PMID: 26719842 PMCID: PMC4692277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is the most common type of bone cancer and the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in pediatric patients. Despite conventional treatments such as surgery and chemotherapy, long-term survival rates for patients diagnosed with osteosarcoma have not improved over the last 30 years, likely due to drug-resistant metastasis and disease recurrence. An emerging concept in cancer research is that within a heterogeneous tumor there is a small subset of cells called "cancer stem cells" that are responsible for drug resistance, tumor recurrence and metastasis. This brief review summarizes our current knowledge about cancer stem cells in osteosarcoma, including their potential as a new target for osteosarcoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay Bashur
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Case Western Reserve University
| | - Guang Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Case Western Reserve University
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