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Wang X, Zhou Y, Luo C, Zhao J, Ji Y, Wang Z, Zheng P, Li D, Shi Y, Nishiura A, Matsumoto N, Honda Y, Xu B, Huang F. Senolytics ameliorate the failure of bone regeneration through the cell senescence-related inflammatory signalling pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 175:116606. [PMID: 38670048 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Stress-induced premature senescent (SIPS) cells induced by various stresses deteriorate cell functions. Dasatinib and quercetin senolytics (DQ) can alleviate several diseases by eliminating senescent cells. α-tricalcium phosphate (α-TCP) is a widely used therapeutic approach for bone restoration but induces bone formation for a comparatively long time. Furthermore, bone infection exacerbates the detrimental prognosis of bone formation during material implant surgery due to oral cavity bacteria and unintentional contamination. It is essential to mitigate the inhibitory effects on bone formation during surgical procedures. Little is known that DQ improves bone formation in Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-contaminated implants and its intrinsic mechanisms in the study of maxillofacial bone defects. This study aims to investigate whether the administration of DQ ameliorates the impairments on bone repair inflammation and contamination by eliminating SIPS cells. α-TCP and LPS-contaminated α-TCP were implanted into Sprague-Dawley rat calvaria bone defects. Simultaneously, bone formation in the bone defects was investigated with or without the oral administration of DQ. Micro-computed tomography and hematoxylin-eosin staining showed that senolytics significantly enhanced bone formation at the defect site. Histology and immunofluorescence staining revealed that the levels of p21- and p16-positive senescent cells, inflammation, macrophages, reactive oxygen species, and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-positive cells declined after administering DQ. DQ could partially alleviate the production of senescent markers and senescence-associated secretory phenotypes in vitro. This study indicates that LPS-contaminated α-TCP-based biomaterials can induce cellular senescence and hamper bone regeneration. Senolytics have significant therapeutic potential in reducing the adverse osteogenic effects of biomaterial-related infections and improving bone formation capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinchen Wang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Institute of Stomatological Research, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Department of Orthodontics, Osaka Dental University, 8-1 Kuzuhahanazonocho, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1121, Japan
| | - Yue Zhou
- Department of Orthodontics, Osaka Dental University, 8-1 Kuzuhahanazonocho, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1121, Japan; Department of Stomatological Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Chuyi Luo
- Department of Orthodontics, Osaka Dental University, 8-1 Kuzuhahanazonocho, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1121, Japan
| | - Jianxin Zhao
- Department of Orthodontics, Osaka Dental University, 8-1 Kuzuhahanazonocho, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1121, Japan
| | - Yuna Ji
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Institute of Stomatological Research, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Institute of Stomatological Research, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Pengchao Zheng
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Institute of Stomatological Research, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Dingji Li
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Institute of Stomatological Research, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuhan Shi
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Institute of Stomatological Research, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Aki Nishiura
- Department of Orthodontics, Osaka Dental University, 8-1 Kuzuhahanazonocho, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1121, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Matsumoto
- Department of Orthodontics, Osaka Dental University, 8-1 Kuzuhahanazonocho, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1121, Japan
| | - Yoshitomo Honda
- Department of Oral Anatomy, Osaka Dental University, 8-1 Kuzuhahanazonocho, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1121, Japan.
| | - Baoshan Xu
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Institute of Stomatological Research, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Fang Huang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Institute of Stomatological Research, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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Han J, Wang Q, Li S, Yang J, Qiu Z, Fu W. Comprehensive analysis of basement membrane-related gene based on single-cell and bulk RNA sequencing data to predict prognosis and evaluate immune characteristics in colorectal cancer. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2024; 39:3367-3380. [PMID: 38445432 DOI: 10.1002/tox.24211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
AIMS Basement membrane-related genes (BMs) participate in regulating cell polarity, invasion, metastasis, and survival across different tumor types. Nevertheless, the specific functions of BMs in colorectal cancer (CRC) remain uncertain. METHODS To investigate the clinical relevance of BMs in CRC, we retrieved both gene expression and clinical data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) datasets for subsequent analysis. The Kaplan-Meier (K-M) survival curve was employed to evaluate prognosis in high- and low-risk groups. Furthermore, additional analyses, including nomogram construction, functional enrichment, examination of the tumor immune microenvironment, prediction of small-molecule drugs, and more, were conducted to delve into the significance of BM-related signatures in CRC. Single-cell data from seven CRC patients were obtained from the TISCH2 database, and expression validation and cell source exploration of BM-related signatures were performed. Lastly, the expression and function of TIMP1, a key gene in BMs that may play a role in the progression of CRC, was validated in vitro through a series of basic experiments. RESULTS We constructed a seven BMs-based model to categorize CRC patients into high-risk and low-risk groups. K-M survival analysis indicated a poorer prognosis for high-risk CRC patients. Cox regression analysis further identified the risk score as an independent prognostic factor for CRC patients. The nomogram model exhibited superior discrimination and calibration abilities of CRC patients. Based on the results from GO/KEGG and GSEA, genes in the high-risk subgroup were implicated in immune-related pathways and exhibited a positive correlation with immune checkpoints. In single-cell data, we found that TIMP1 is highly expressed in many cells, especially in malignant tumor cells. We also observed up-regulation of TIMP1 in CRC cell lines, promoting cancer invasion and migration in vitro. CONCLUSIONS Our study has discovered a novel prognostic index derived from BM-related genes in CRC patients. Specifically, the new model enables patient stratification, improving the selection of individuals likely to benefit from immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Han
- Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
- Department of General Surgery, Shuyang Hospital of TCM, Shuyang, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Qipeng Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Shuyang Hospital of TCM, Shuyang, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Shangshang Li
- Department of General Surgery, Shuyang Hospital of TCM, Shuyang, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Shuyang Hospital of TCM, Shuyang, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhengcai Qiu
- Department of General Surgery, Shuyang Hospital of TCM, Shuyang, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Wei Fu
- Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
- Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
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Xu J, Wei C, Wang C, Li F, Wang Z, Xiong J, Zhou Y, Li S, Liu X, Yang G, Han L, Zhang J, Zhang S. TIMP1/CHI3L1 facilitates glioma progression and immunosuppression via NF-κB activation. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:167041. [PMID: 38290591 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2024.167041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Gliomas are highly heterogeneous brain tumours that are resistant to therapies. The molecular signatures of gliomas play a high-ranking role in tumour prognosis and treatment. In addition, patients with gliomas with a mesenchymal phenotype manifest overpowering immunosuppression and sophisticated resistance to treatment. Thus, studies on gene/protein coexpression networks and hub genes in gliomas holds promise in determining effective treatment strategies. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to. Using average linkage hierarchical clustering, 13 modules and 224 hub genes were described. Top ten hub genes (CLIC1, EMP3, TIMP1, CCDC109B, CASP4, MSN, ANXA2P2, CHI3L1, TAGLN2, S100A11), selected from the most meaningful module, were associated with poor prognosis. String analysis, co-immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence revealed a significant correlation between TIMP1 and CHI3L1. Furthermore, we found, both in vivo and in vitro, that TIMP1 promoted gliomagenesis via CHI3L1 overexpression as well as NF-κB activation. TIMP1 expression correlated with tumour immune infiltration and immune checkpoint-related gene expression. In addition, TIMP1 resulted in immunosuppressive macrophage polarization. In summary, TIMP1/CHI3L1 might be perceived as a diagnostic marker and an immunotherapy target for gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianye Xu
- Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post Neuro-Injury Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Tianjin 300052, China; Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Cheng Wei
- Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post Neuro-Injury Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Tianjin 300052, China; Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Cong Wang
- Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post Neuro-Injury Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Tianjin 300052, China; Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Fanjian Li
- Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post Neuro-Injury Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Tianjin 300052, China; Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Zhitao Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Jianhua Xiong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Yuan Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Shenghui Li
- Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post Neuro-Injury Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Tianjin 300052, China; Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Xiao Liu
- Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post Neuro-Injury Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Tianjin 300052, China; Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Guili Yang
- Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post Neuro-Injury Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Tianjin 300052, China; Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Lei Han
- Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post Neuro-Injury Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Tianjin 300052, China; Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Jianning Zhang
- Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post Neuro-Injury Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Tianjin 300052, China; Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Tianjin 300052, China.
| | - Shu Zhang
- Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post Neuro-Injury Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Tianjin 300052, China; Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Tianjin 300052, China.
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Wang H, Dou L. Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals hub genes of myocardial infarction-associated endothelial cells. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2024; 24:70. [PMID: 38267885 PMCID: PMC10809747 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-024-03727-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myocardial infarction (MI) is a cardiovascular disease that seriously threatens human health. Dysangiogenesis of endothelial cells (ECs) primarily inhibits recovery from MI, but the specific mechanism remains to be further elucidated. METHODS In this study, the single-cell RNA-sequencing data from both MI and Sham mice were analyzed by the Seurat Package (3.2.2). The number of ECs in MI and Sham groups were compared by PCA and tSNE algorithm. FindMarkers function of Seurat was used to analyze the DEGs between the MI and Sham groups. Then, the ECs was further clustered into 8 sub-clusters for trajectory analysis. The BEAM was used to analyze the branch point 3 and cluster the results. In addition, the DEGs in the microarray data set of MI and Sham mice were cross-linked, and the cross-linked genes were used to construct PPI networks. The key genes with the highest degree were identified and analyzed for functional enrichment. Finally, this study cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), established hypoxia models, and interfered with hub gene expression in cells. The impact of hub genes on the migration and tube formation of hypoxic-induced HUVECs were verified by Wound healing assays and tubule formation experiments. RESULTS The number and proportion of ECs in the MI group were significantly lower than those in the Sham group. Meantime, 225 DEGs were found in ECs between the MI and Sham groups. Through trajectory analysis, EC4 was found to play an important role in MI. Then, by using BEAM to analyze the branch point 3, and clustering the results, a total of 495 genes were found to be highly expressed in cell Fate2 (mainly EC4). In addition, a total of 194 DEGs were identified in Micro array dataset containing both MI and Sham mice. The hub genes (Timp1 and Fn1) with the highest degree were identified. Inhibiting Timp1 and Fn1 expression promoted the migration and tube formation of HUVECs. CONCLUSIONS Our data highlighted the non-linear dynamics of ECs in MI, and provided a foothold for analyzing cardiac homeostasis and pro-angiogenesis in MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Zhejiang Greentown Cardiovascular Hospital, No.409 Gudun Road, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Liping Dou
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, No. 318 Chaowang Road, Hangzhou, 310005, Zhejiang, China.
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Jhunjhunwala M, Yu LS, Kuo PC, Li CY, Chen CS. Tumor-Derived Membrane Vesicles Restrain Migration in Gliomas By Altering Collective Polarization. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2023; 6:4764-4774. [PMID: 37862244 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c00533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
Mechanobiology is a cornerstone in physiology. However, its role in biomedical applications remains considerably undermined. In this study, we employed cell membrane vesicles (CMVs), which are currently being used as nanodrug carriers, as tactile cues for mechano-regulation of collective cell behaviors. Gliomas, which are among the most resilient brain tumors and have a low patient survival rate, were used as the cell model. We observed that mechanical responses due to the application of glioma- or microglia-derived CMVs resulted in the doubling of the traction stress of glioma cell collectives with a 10-fold increase in the CMV concentration. Glioma-CMVs constrained cell protrusions and hindered their collective migration, with the migration speed of such cells declining by almost 40% compared to the untreated cells. We speculated that the alteration of collective polarization leads to migration speed changes, and this phenomenon was elucidated using the cellular Potts model. In addition to intracellular force modulation and cytoskeletal reorganization, glioma-CMVs altered drug diffusion within glioma spheroids by downregulating the mechano-signaling protein YAP-1 while also marginally enhancing the associated apoptotic events. Our results suggest that glioma-CMVs can be applied as an adjuvant to current treatment approaches to restrict tumor invasion and enhance the penetration of reagents within tumors. Considering the broad impact of mechano-transduction on cell functions, the regulation of cell mechanics through CMVs can provide a foundation for alternative therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lin-Sheng Yu
- National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300044, Republic of China
| | - Ping-Chen Kuo
- National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300044, Republic of China
| | - Chia-Yang Li
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Republic of China
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Republic of China
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Republic of China
| | - Chi-Shuo Chen
- National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300044, Republic of China
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Zhong Q, Zhong Q, Cai X, Wu R. Identification and validation of an ECM organization-related gene signature as a prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target for glioma patients. Genes Genomics 2023; 45:1211-1226. [PMID: 37301776 DOI: 10.1007/s13258-023-01413-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioma is the most common and devastating form of malignant brain tumor, with a poor prognosis. Extracellular matrix (ECM) organization is a crucial determinant of glioma invasion and progression. However, the clinical significance of ECM organization in glioma patients remains unclear. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the prognostic value of ECM organization-related genes in glioma patients and identify potential therapeutic targets. METHODS Bulk RNA-sequencing and corresponding clinical data for patients with glioma were downloaded from TCGA and GEO databases. Differentially expressed ECM organization genes were identified, and an ECM organization-related gene prognostic model was then generated. Furthermore, the prognostic model has validated in the Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA) dataset. The role of TIMP1 in glioma cells by using various functional assays revealed their underlying mechanism in vitro. RESULTS We identified and validated a nine-gene signature (TIMP1, SERPINE1, PTX3, POSTN, PLOD3, PDPN, LOXL1, ITGA2, and COL8A1) related to ECM organization as a robust prognostic biomarker for glioma. Time-dependent ROC curve analysis confirmed the specificity and sensitivity of the signature. The signature was closely related to an immunosuppressive phenotype, and its combination with immune checkpoints served as a good predictor for patients' clinical outcomes. Notably, single-cell RNA sequencing analysis revealed high expression of TIMP1 in astrocytes and oligodendrocyte progenitor cells in glioma patients. Last, we show that TIMP1 regulates glioma cell growth and invasion via the AKT/GSK3β signaling pathway. CONCLUSION This study provides promising insights into predicting glioma prognosis and identifying a potential therapeutic target in TIMP1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Zhong
- Department of Oncology, Ganzhou People's Hospital, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China.
| | - Qiuxia Zhong
- Department of Oncology, Ganzhou People's Hospital, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xiaolong Cai
- Department of Oncology, Ganzhou People's Hospital, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Renrui Wu
- Department of Oncology, Ganzhou People's Hospital, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
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Chernikov IV, Staroseletz YY, Tatarnikova IS, Sen’kova AV, Savin IA, Markov AV, Logashenko EB, Chernolovskaya EL, Zenkova MA, Vlassov VV. siRNA-Mediated Timp1 Silencing Inhibited the Inflammatory Phenotype during Acute Lung Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021641. [PMID: 36675165 PMCID: PMC9865963 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute lung injury is a complex cascade process that develops in response to various damaging factors, which can lead to acute respiratory distress syndrome. Within this study, based on bioinformatics reanalysis of available full-transcriptome data of acute lung injury induced in mice and humans by various factors, we selected a set of genes that could serve as good targets for suppressing inflammation in the lung tissue, evaluated their expression in the cells of different origins during LPS-induced inflammation, and chose the tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase Timp1 as a promising target for suppressing inflammation. We designed an effective chemically modified anti-TIMP1 siRNA and showed that Timp1 silencing correlates with a decrease in the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL6 secretion in cultured macrophage cells and reduces the severity of LPS-induced acute lung injury in a mouse model.
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