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Choi H, Kim JA, Cho KO, Kim HJ, Park MH. Case Report: Intellectual disability and borderline intellectual functioning in two sisters with a 12p11.22 loss. Front Genet 2024; 15:1355823. [PMID: 38628577 PMCID: PMC11018894 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2024.1355823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Multiple genome sequencing studies have identified genetic abnormalities as major causes of severe intellectual disability (ID). However, many children affected by mild ID and borderline intellectual functioning (BIF) lack a genetic diagnosis because known causative ID genetic mutations have not been identified or the role of genetic variants in mild cases is less understood. Genetic variant testing in mild cases is necessary to provide information on prognosis and risk of occurrence. In this study, we report two sibling patients who were 5 years 9 months old and 3 years 3 months old and presented to the hospital due to developmental delay. Clinical assessment and chromosomal microarray analysis were performed. The patients were diagnosed with mild intellectual disability (ID) and borderline intellectual functioning (BIF). Genetic analysis identified a loss of 12p11.22, including the OVCH1-AS1, OVCH1, and TMTC1 genes, which was the only variant that occurred in both sisters. Identical variants were found in their father with probable BIF. Neither patient presented any brain structural abnormalities or dysmorphism, and no exogenous factors or parenting problems were reported. Thus, loss of 12p11.22 may be associated with our patients' cognitive impairment. The OVCH1, OVCH1-AS1 and TMTC1 variants identified in this study are the most likely disease-causing genes in the sisters. Our findings may expand as yet limited knowledge on mild ID and BIF causative variants, which would further support the diagnosis even if the severity is mild.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haemi Choi
- Department of Psychiatry, Eunpyeong St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-A. Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Eunpyeong St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Ok Cho
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Catholic Neuroscience Institute, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Institute for Aging and Metabolic Diseases, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jung Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Division of Psychotic Disorders, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, United States
| | - Min-Hyeon Park
- Department of Psychiatry, Eunpyeong St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Lu Y, Qing L, Hu L, Yin W, Chen X, Wang Z, Cheng T, Wang J, Liu L, Nie S. Hypomethylation and high expression of the TMTC1 gene in patients with schizophrenia. Asian J Psychiatr 2024; 93:103922. [PMID: 38232443 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2024.103922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Yumei Lu
- School of Forensic Medicine, NHC Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Lili Qing
- School of Forensic Medicine, NHC Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Liping Hu
- School of Forensic Medicine, NHC Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Wensa Yin
- Dept. of Medical, The Mental Hospital of Yunnan Province, The Mental Health Center Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Xuanyu Chen
- School of Forensic Medicine, NHC Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Zhiyong Wang
- School of Forensic Medicine, NHC Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Tiantian Cheng
- School of Forensic Medicine, NHC Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Jia Wang
- School of Forensic Medicine, NHC Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China; Kunming Yan'an Hospital, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Linlin Liu
- School of Forensic Medicine, NHC Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China.
| | - Shengjie Nie
- School of Forensic Medicine, NHC Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China.
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Ajayi T, Thomas A, Nikolic M, Henderson L, Zaheri A, Dwyer DS. Evolutionary conservation of putative suicidality-related risk genes that produce diminished motivation corrected by clozapine, lithium and antidepressants. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1341735. [PMID: 38362034 PMCID: PMC10867104 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1341735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Genome wide association studies (GWAS) and candidate gene analyses have identified genetic variants and genes that may increase the risk for suicidal thoughts and behaviors (STBs). Important unresolved issues surround these tentative risk variants such as the characteristics of the associated genes and how they might elicit STBs. Methods Putative suicidality-related risk genes (PSRGs) were identified by comprehensive literature search and were characterized with respect to evolutionary conservation, participation in gene interaction networks and associated phenotypes. Evolutionary conservation was established with database searches and BLASTP queries, whereas gene-gene interactions were ascertained with GeneMANIA. We then examined whether mutations in risk-gene counterparts in C. elegans produced a diminished motivation phenotype previously connected to suicide risk factors. Results and conclusions From the analysis, 105 risk-gene candidates were identified and found to be: 1) highly conserved during evolution, 2) enriched for essential genes, 3) involved in significant gene-gene interactions, and 4) associated with psychiatric disorders, metabolic disturbances and asthma/allergy. Evaluation of 17 mutant strains with loss-of-function/deletion mutations in PSRG orthologs revealed that 11 mutants showed significant evidence of diminished motivation that manifested as immobility in a foraging assay. Immobility was corrected in some or all of the mutants with clozapine, lithium and tricyclic antidepressant drugs. In addition, 5-HT2 receptor and muscarinic receptor antagonists restored goal-directed behavior in most or all of the mutants. These studies increase confidence in the validity of the PSRGs and provide initial clues about possible mechanisms that mediate STBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Titilade Ajayi
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Neuroscience, LSU Health Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, United States
| | - Alicia Thomas
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Neuroscience, LSU Health Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, United States
| | - Marko Nikolic
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, LSU Health Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, United States
| | - Lauryn Henderson
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, LSU Health Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, United States
| | - Alexa Zaheri
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, LSU Health Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, United States
| | - Donard S. Dwyer
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Neuroscience, LSU Health Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, United States
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, LSU Health Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, United States
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4
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Tandon R, Nasrallah H, Akbarian S, Carpenter WT, DeLisi LE, Gaebel W, Green MF, Gur RE, Heckers S, Kane JM, Malaspina D, Meyer-Lindenberg A, Murray R, Owen M, Smoller JW, Yassin W, Keshavan M. The schizophrenia syndrome, circa 2024: What we know and how that informs its nature. Schizophr Res 2024; 264:1-28. [PMID: 38086109 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2023.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
With new data about different aspects of schizophrenia being continually generated, it becomes necessary to periodically revisit exactly what we know. Along with a need to review what we currently know about schizophrenia, there is an equal imperative to evaluate the construct itself. With these objectives, we undertook an iterative, multi-phase process involving fifty international experts in the field, with each step building on learnings from the prior one. This review assembles currently established findings about schizophrenia (construct, etiology, pathophysiology, clinical expression, treatment) and posits what they reveal about its nature. Schizophrenia is a heritable, complex, multi-dimensional syndrome with varying degrees of psychotic, negative, cognitive, mood, and motor manifestations. The illness exhibits a remitting and relapsing course, with varying degrees of recovery among affected individuals with most experiencing significant social and functional impairment. Genetic risk factors likely include thousands of common genetic variants that each have a small impact on an individual's risk and a plethora of rare gene variants that have a larger individual impact on risk. Their biological effects are concentrated in the brain and many of the same variants also increase the risk of other psychiatric disorders such as bipolar disorder, autism, and other neurodevelopmental conditions. Environmental risk factors include but are not limited to urban residence in childhood, migration, older paternal age at birth, cannabis use, childhood trauma, antenatal maternal infection, and perinatal hypoxia. Structural, functional, and neurochemical brain alterations implicate multiple regions and functional circuits. Dopamine D-2 receptor antagonists and partial agonists improve psychotic symptoms and reduce risk of relapse. Certain psychological and psychosocial interventions are beneficial. Early intervention can reduce treatment delay and improve outcomes. Schizophrenia is increasingly considered to be a heterogeneous syndrome and not a singular disease entity. There is no necessary or sufficient etiology, pathology, set of clinical features, or treatment that fully circumscribes this syndrome. A single, common pathophysiological pathway appears unlikely. The boundaries of schizophrenia remain fuzzy, suggesting the absence of a categorical fit and need to reconceptualize it as a broader, multi-dimensional and/or spectrum construct.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajiv Tandon
- Department of Psychiatry, WMU Homer Stryker School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, MI 49008, United States of America.
| | - Henry Nasrallah
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine Cincinnati, OH 45267, United States of America
| | - Schahram Akbarian
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai, New York, NY 10029, United States of America
| | - William T Carpenter
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States of America
| | - Lynn E DeLisi
- Department of Psychiatry, Cambridge Health Alliance and Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States of America
| | - Wolfgang Gaebel
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, LVR-Klinikum Dusseldorf, Heinrich-Heine University, Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Michael F Green
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Jane and Terry Semel Institute of Neuroscience and Human Behavior, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90024, United States of America; Greater Los Angeles Veterans' Administration Healthcare System, United States of America
| | - Raquel E Gur
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States of America
| | - Stephan Heckers
- Department of Psychiatry, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, United States of America
| | - John M Kane
- Department of Psychiatry, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Glen Oaks, NY 11004, United States of America
| | - Dolores Malaspina
- Department of Psychiatry, Neuroscience, Genetics, and Genomics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai, New York, NY 10029, United States of America
| | - Andreas Meyer-Lindenberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannhein/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Robin Murray
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, Kings College, London, UK
| | - Michael Owen
- Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, and Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Jordan W Smoller
- Center for Precision Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, United States of America
| | - Walid Yassin
- Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States of America
| | - Matcheri Keshavan
- Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States of America
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Wei H, Kong L, Zhu X, Chen S, Zhang L, Niu W. The Correlation Between Peripheral Blood Micro-Ribonucleic Acid Expression Level and Personality Disorder in Patients with Schizophrenia. ALPHA PSYCHIATRY 2024; 25:23-29. [PMID: 38799488 PMCID: PMC11114240 DOI: 10.5152/alphapsychiatry.2024.231216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Objective Schizophrenia patients often have personality disorders; schizophrenia patients with personality disorders are more difficult to treat and have a worse prognosis. Early identification of this group of patients and early intervention can achieve better prognosis. Therefore, it is very important to explore effective biomarkers and early diagnosis for the prognosis of schizophrenia. The primary purpose of this paper is to explore the relationship between plasma miRNA expression level and personality disorder with schizophrenia. Methods Gene microarrays in miRNA files were employed, and the plasma of peripheral blood of 82 schizophrenic patients and 43 healthy control subjects were examined. Real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction detection were performed to explore the results. Spearman correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation between expression level of miRNAs and Personality Diagnosis Questionnaire-4 score. Results The results showed that miR-1273d, miR-1303, miR-3064-5p, miR-3131, miR-3687, miR-4428, miR-4725-3p, and miR-5096 were up-regulated in schizophrenic patients. Compared to healthy control subjects, the difference was statistically significant (P < .05). Schizophrenic patients with schizoid, paranoid, schizotypal, and obsessive compulsive traits had negative correlation with miR-1303, miR-3131, miR-4428, and miR-5096 expression level (r = -0.40 to -0.62, P < .05); there were no significant differences in the other miRNAs. Correlation with other personality traits was not significant (P > .05). The stepwise regression analysis indicated that miR-5096, miR-3131, and miR-1273d have a significant predictive effect on the schizoid trait (P < .01). MiR-4428 and miR-1303 had a significant predictive effect on the schizotypal trait (P < .01). MiR-5096, miR-4428, and miR-4725-3P had a significant predictive effect on the paranoid trait (P < .05). MiR-4428, miR-1303, and miR-5096 had a significant predictive effect on the obsessive compulsive trait (P < .05). Conclusion The expression levels of miR-1273d, miR-1303, miR-3064-5p, miR-3131, miR-3687, miR-4428, miR-4725-3p, and miR-5096 were up-regulated in the peripheral blood of patients with schizophrenia, and these miRNAs are expected to be diagnostic biomarkers for accurate diagnosis of schizophrenia. The expression levels of miR-1303, miR-3131, miR-1273d, miR-4428, miR-4725-3p, and miR-5096 have significant predictive effects on personality disorder in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honghui Wei
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Zhejiang Mental Health Center, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lingming Kong
- Prevention and Treatment Center for Psychological Diseases, No.904 Hospital of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoli Zhu
- Prevention and Treatment Center for Psychological Diseases, No.904 Hospital of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shengdong Chen
- Prevention and Treatment Center for Psychological Diseases, No.904 Hospital of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, Jiangsu, China
| | - Liyi Zhang
- Prevention and Treatment Center for Psychological Diseases, No.904 Hospital of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Niu
- Mental Rehabilitation Center, No.904 Hospital of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, Jiangsu, China
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6
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Koff M, Monagas-Valentin P, Novikov B, Chandel I, Panin V. Protein O-mannosylation: one sugar, several pathways, many functions. Glycobiology 2023; 33:911-926. [PMID: 37565810 PMCID: PMC10859634 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwad067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent research has unveiled numerous important functions of protein glycosylation in development, homeostasis, and diseases. A type of glycosylation taking the center stage is protein O-mannosylation, a posttranslational modification conserved in a wide range of organisms, from yeast to humans. In animals, protein O-mannosylation plays a crucial role in the nervous system, whereas protein O-mannosylation defects cause severe neurological abnormalities and congenital muscular dystrophies. However, the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying protein O-mannosylation functions and biosynthesis remain not well understood. This review outlines recent studies on protein O-mannosylation while focusing on the functions in the nervous system, summarizes the current knowledge about protein O-mannosylation biosynthesis, and discusses the pathologies associated with protein O-mannosylation defects. The evolutionary perspective revealed by studies in the Drosophila model system are also highlighted. Finally, the review touches upon important knowledge gaps in the field and discusses critical questions for future research on the molecular and cellular mechanisms associated with protein O-mannosylation functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Koff
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, AgriLife Research, Texas A&M University, College Station, College Station, TX 77843, United States
| | - Pedro Monagas-Valentin
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, AgriLife Research, Texas A&M University, College Station, College Station, TX 77843, United States
| | - Boris Novikov
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, AgriLife Research, Texas A&M University, College Station, College Station, TX 77843, United States
| | - Ishita Chandel
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, AgriLife Research, Texas A&M University, College Station, College Station, TX 77843, United States
| | - Vladislav Panin
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, AgriLife Research, Texas A&M University, College Station, College Station, TX 77843, United States
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Benner O, Cast TP, Minamide LS, Lenninger Z, Bamburg JR, Chanda S. Multiple N-linked glycosylation sites critically modulate the synaptic abundance of neuroligin isoforms. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:105361. [PMID: 37865312 PMCID: PMC10679506 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, elegant glycomic and glycoproteomic approaches have revealed an intricate glycosylation profile of mammalian brain with enormous spatial and temporal diversities. Nevertheless, at a cellular level, it is unclear how these post-translational modifications affect various proteins to influence crucial neuronal properties. Here, we have investigated the impact of N-linked glycosylation on neuroligins (NLGNs), a class of cell-adhesion molecules that play instructive roles in synapse organization. We found that endogenous NLGN proteins are differentially glycosylated across several regions of murine brain in a sex-independent but isoform-dependent manner. In both rodent primary neurons derived from brain sections and human neurons differentiated from stem cells, all NLGN variants were highly enriched with multiple N-glycan subtypes, which cumulatively ensured their efficient trafficking to the cell surface. Removal of these N-glycosylation residues only had a moderate effect on NLGNs' stability or expression levels but particularly enhanced their retention at the endoplasmic reticulum. As a result, the glycosylation-deficient NLGNs exhibited considerable impairments in their dendritic distribution and postsynaptic accumulation, which in turn, virtually eliminated their ability to recruit presynaptic terminals and significantly reduced NLGN overexpression-induced assemblies of both glutamatergic and GABAergic synapse structures. Therefore, our results highlight an essential mechanistic contribution of N-linked glycosylations in facilitating the appropriate secretory transport of a major synaptic cell-adhesion molecule and promoting its cellular function in neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orion Benner
- Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, USA
| | - Thomas P Cast
- Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, USA
| | - Laurie S Minamide
- Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, USA
| | - Zephyr Lenninger
- Molecular, Cellular & Integrated Neurosciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - James R Bamburg
- Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, USA; Molecular, Cellular & Integrated Neurosciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA; Cell & Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Soham Chanda
- Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, USA; Molecular, Cellular & Integrated Neurosciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA; Cell & Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA.
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8
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Downs M, Zaia J, Sethi MK. Mass spectrometry methods for analysis of extracellular matrix components in neurological diseases. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2023; 42:1848-1875. [PMID: 35719114 PMCID: PMC9763553 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The brain extracellular matrix (ECM) is a highly glycosylated environment and plays important roles in many processes including cell communication, growth factor binding, and scaffolding. The formation of structures such as perineuronal nets (PNNs) is critical in neuroprotection and neural plasticity, and the formation of molecular networks is dependent in part on glycans. The ECM is also implicated in the neuropathophysiology of disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and Schizophrenia (SZ). As such, it is of interest to understand both the proteomic and glycomic makeup of healthy and diseased brain ECM. Further, there is a growing need for site-specific glycoproteomic information. Over the past decade, sample preparation, mass spectrometry, and bioinformatic methods have been developed and refined to provide comprehensive information about the glycoproteome. Core ECM molecules including versican, hyaluronan and proteoglycan link proteins, and tenascin are dysregulated in AD, PD, and SZ. Glycomic changes such as differential sialylation, sulfation, and branching are also associated with neurodegeneration. A more thorough understanding of the ECM and its proteomic, glycomic, and glycoproteomic changes in brain diseases may provide pathways to new therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret Downs
- Department of Biochemistry, Center for Biomedical Mass Spectrometry, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Joseph Zaia
- Department of Biochemistry, Center for Biomedical Mass Spectrometry, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Bioinformatics Program, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Manveen K Sethi
- Department of Biochemistry, Center for Biomedical Mass Spectrometry, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Rouskas K, Katsareli EA, Amerikanou C, Dimopoulos AC, Glentis S, Kalantzi A, Skoulakis A, Panousis N, Ongen H, Bielser D, Planchon A, Romano L, Harokopos V, Reczko M, Moulos P, Griniatsos I, Diamantis T, Dermitzakis ET, Ragoussis J, Dedoussis G, Dimas AS. Identifying novel regulatory effects for clinically relevant genes through the study of the Greek population. BMC Genomics 2023; 24:442. [PMID: 37543566 PMCID: PMC10403965 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09532-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) studies provide insights into regulatory mechanisms underlying disease risk. Expanding studies of gene regulation to underexplored populations and to medically relevant tissues offers potential to reveal yet unknown regulatory variants and to better understand disease mechanisms. Here, we performed eQTL mapping in subcutaneous (S) and visceral (V) adipose tissue from 106 Greek individuals (Greek Metabolic study, GM) and compared our findings to those from the Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) resource. RESULTS We identified 1,930 and 1,515 eGenes in S and V respectively, over 13% of which are not observed in GTEx adipose tissue, and that do not arise due to different ancestry. We report additional context-specific regulatory effects in genes of clinical interest (e.g. oncogene ST7) and in genes regulating responses to environmental stimuli (e.g. MIR21, SNX33). We suggest that a fraction of the reported differences across populations is due to environmental effects on gene expression, driving context-specific eQTLs, and suggest that environmental effects can determine the penetrance of disease variants thus shaping disease risk. We report that over half of GM eQTLs colocalize with GWAS SNPs and of these colocalizations 41% are not detected in GTEx. We also highlight the clinical relevance of S adipose tissue by revealing that inflammatory processes are upregulated in individuals with obesity, not only in V, but also in S tissue. CONCLUSIONS By focusing on an understudied population, our results provide further candidate genes for investigation regarding their role in adipose tissue biology and their contribution to disease risk and pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Rouskas
- Institute for Bioinnovation, Biomedical Sciences Research Center 'Alexander Fleming', Vari, Greece
- Institute of Applied Biosciences, Centre for Research & Technology Hellas, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Efthymia A Katsareli
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | - Charalampia Amerikanou
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | - Alexandros C Dimopoulos
- Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Science, Biomedical Sciences Research Center 'Alexander Fleming', Vari, Greece
- Hellenic Naval Academy, Hatzikyriakou Avenue, Pireaus, Greece
| | - Stavros Glentis
- Institute for Bioinnovation, Biomedical Sciences Research Center 'Alexander Fleming', Vari, Greece
- Pediatric Hematology/Oncology Unit (POHemU), First Department of Pediatrics, University of Athens, Aghia Sophia Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Alexandra Kalantzi
- Institute for Bioinnovation, Biomedical Sciences Research Center 'Alexander Fleming', Vari, Greece
| | - Anargyros Skoulakis
- Institute for Bioinnovation, Biomedical Sciences Research Center 'Alexander Fleming', Vari, Greece
| | | | - Halit Ongen
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Institute of Genetics and Genomics in Geneva, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Deborah Bielser
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Alexandra Planchon
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Luciana Romano
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Vaggelis Harokopos
- Institute for Bioinnovation, Biomedical Sciences Research Center 'Alexander Fleming', Vari, Greece
| | - Martin Reczko
- Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Science, Biomedical Sciences Research Center 'Alexander Fleming', Vari, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Moulos
- Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Science, Biomedical Sciences Research Center 'Alexander Fleming', Vari, Greece
- Center of New Biotechnologies & Precision Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis Griniatsos
- First Department of Surgery, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Laiko Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Theodoros Diamantis
- First Department of Surgery, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Laiko Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Emmanouil T Dermitzakis
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jiannis Ragoussis
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University Genome Centre, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Bioengineering, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - George Dedoussis
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | - Antigone S Dimas
- Institute for Bioinnovation, Biomedical Sciences Research Center 'Alexander Fleming', Vari, Greece.
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10
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Costa J, Hayes C, Lisacek F. Protein glycosylation and glycoinformatics for novel biomarker discovery in neurodegenerative diseases. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 89:101991. [PMID: 37348818 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.101991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
Glycosylation is a common post-translational modification of brain proteins including cell surface adhesion molecules, synaptic proteins, receptors and channels, as well as intracellular proteins, with implications in brain development and functions. Using advanced state-of-the-art glycomics and glycoproteomics technologies in conjunction with glycoinformatics resources, characteristic glycosylation profiles in brain tissues are increasingly reported in the literature and growing evidence shows deregulation of glycosylation in central nervous system disorders, including aging associated neurodegenerative diseases. Glycan signatures characteristic of brain tissue are also frequently described in cerebrospinal fluid due to its enrichment in brain-derived molecules. A detailed structural analysis of brain and cerebrospinal fluid glycans collected in publications in healthy and neurodegenerative conditions was undertaken and data was compiled to create a browsable dedicated set in the GlyConnect database of glycoproteins (https://glyconnect.expasy.org/brain). The shared molecular composition of cerebrospinal fluid with brain enhances the likelihood of novel glycobiomarker discovery for neurodegeneration, which may aid in unveiling disease mechanisms, therefore, providing with novel therapeutic targets as well as diagnostic and progression monitoring tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Júlia Costa
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal.
| | - Catherine Hayes
- Proteome Informatics Group, Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, CH-1227 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Frédérique Lisacek
- Proteome Informatics Group, Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, CH-1227 Geneva, Switzerland; Computer Science Department, University of Geneva, CH-1227 Geneva, Switzerland; Section of Biology, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
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11
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Pradeep P, Kang H, Lee B. Glycosylation and behavioral symptoms in neurological disorders. Transl Psychiatry 2023; 13:154. [PMID: 37156804 PMCID: PMC10167254 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-023-02446-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycosylation, the addition of glycans or carbohydrates to proteins, lipids, or other glycans, is a complex post-translational modification that plays a crucial role in cellular function. It is estimated that at least half of all mammalian proteins undergo glycosylation, underscoring its importance in the functioning of cells. This is reflected in the fact that a significant portion of the human genome, around 2%, is devoted to encoding enzymes involved in glycosylation. Changes in glycosylation have been linked to various neurological disorders, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, autism spectrum disorder, and schizophrenia. Despite its widespread occurrence, the role of glycosylation in the central nervous system remains largely unknown, particularly with regard to its impact on behavioral abnormalities in brain diseases. This review focuses on examining the role of three types of glycosylation: N-glycosylation, O-glycosylation, and O-GlcNAcylation, in the manifestation of behavioral and neurological symptoms in neurodevelopmental, neurodegenerative, and neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prajitha Pradeep
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon, 34126, South Korea
- IBS School, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34113, South Korea
| | - Hyeyeon Kang
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon, 34126, South Korea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Information and Biotechnology, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
| | - Boyoung Lee
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon, 34126, South Korea.
- IBS School, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34113, South Korea.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Information and Biotechnology, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, South Korea.
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12
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Bradberry MM, Peters-Clarke TM, Shishkova E, Chapman ER, Coon JJ. N-glycoproteomics of brain synapses and synaptic vesicles. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112368. [PMID: 37036808 PMCID: PMC10560701 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
At mammalian neuronal synapses, synaptic vesicle (SV) glycoproteins are essential for robust neurotransmission. Asparagine (N)-linked glycosylation is required for delivery of the major SV glycoproteins synaptophysin and SV2A to SVs. Despite this key role for N-glycosylation, the molecular compositions of SV N-glycans are largely unknown. In this study, we combined organelle isolation techniques and high-resolution mass spectrometry to characterize N-glycosylation at synapses and SVs from mouse brain. Detecting over 2,500 unique glycopeptides, we found that SVs harbor a distinct population of oligomannose and highly fucosylated N-glycans. Using complementary fluorescence methods, we identify at least one highly fucosylated N-glycan enriched in SVs compared with synaptosomes. High fucosylation was characteristic of SV proteins, plasma membrane proteins, and cell adhesion molecules with key roles in synaptic function and development. Our results define the N-glycoproteome of a specialized neuronal organelle and inform timely questions in the glycobiology of synaptic pruning and neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mazdak M Bradberry
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; National Center for Quantitative Biology of Complex Systems, Madison, WI 53706, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Neuroscience, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.
| | - Trenton M Peters-Clarke
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; National Center for Quantitative Biology of Complex Systems, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Evgenia Shishkova
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; National Center for Quantitative Biology of Complex Systems, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Edwin R Chapman
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Neuroscience, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Joshua J Coon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; National Center for Quantitative Biology of Complex Systems, Madison, WI 53706, USA; Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI 53715, USA
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13
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Raj Shekhar B, Rupani K, Raghunath Parkar S, Sunil Nayak A, Vasant Kumbhar B, Khare SP, Menon S, Gawde H, Kumar Das D. Identifying Novel Risk Conferring Genes Involved in Glycosylation Processes with Familial Schizophrenia in an Indian Cohort: Prediction of ADAMTS9 gene Variant for Structural Stability. Gene 2023; 872:147443. [PMID: 37105505 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.147443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a complex neuropsychiatric disorder and heritability is as high as 80% making it the most heritable mental disorder. Although GWAS has identified numerous variants, the pathophysiology is still elusive. Here, an attempt was made to identify genetic risk factors in familial cases of schizophrenia that are associated with a common causative pathway. To achieve this objective, exome sequencing was done in 4 familial cases and identified six unique coding variants in five genes. Among these genes, PIGQ gene has two pathogenic variants, one nonsense and in-frame deletion. One missense variant in GALNT16 and one in GALNT5 have variable damaging score, however, the other variants, in ADAMTS9 and in LTBP4 have the highest damaging score. Further analysis showed that the variant of LTBP4 was not present in the functional domain. The other missense variant in the ADAMTS9 gene was found to be significant and was present in the thrombospondin repeat motif, one of the important motifs. Detailed molecular dynamics simulation study on this variant showed a damaging effect on structural stability. Since, all these genes culminated into the glycosylation process, it was evident that an aberrant glycosylation process may be one of the risk factors. Although, extracellular matrix formation through glycosylation have been shown to be associated, the involvement of ADAMTS9 and PIGQ gene mediated glycosylation has not been reported. In this paper, a novel link between ADAMTS9 and PIGQ gene with schizophrenia have been reported. Therefore, this novel observation has contributed immensely to the existing knowledge on risk factor of Schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bipin Raj Shekhar
- Genetic Research Centre, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Reproductive and Child Health, Parel, Mumbai, Maharashtra-400012, India; Stem Cell Biology, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Reproductive and Child Health, Parel, Mumbai, Maharashtra-400012, India
| | - Karishma Rupani
- Department of Psychiatry, Seth GS Medical College and KEM Hospital, Parel, Mumbai, Maharashtra-400012, India
| | - Shubhangi Raghunath Parkar
- Department of Psychiatry, Seth GS Medical College and KEM Hospital, Parel, Mumbai, Maharashtra-400012, India
| | - Ajita Sunil Nayak
- Department of Psychiatry, Seth GS Medical College and KEM Hospital, Parel, Mumbai, Maharashtra-400012, India
| | - Bajarang Vasant Kumbhar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sunandan Divatia School of Science, NMIMS University (Deemed), Mumbai, Maharashtra-400012, India
| | - Satyajeet P Khare
- Symbiosis School of Biological Sciences, Symbiosis International University, Pune, Maharashtra-412115, India
| | - Shyla Menon
- Stem Cell Biology, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Reproductive and Child Health, Parel, Mumbai, Maharashtra-400012, India
| | - Harshavardhan Gawde
- Genetic Research Centre, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Reproductive and Child Health, Parel, Mumbai, Maharashtra-400012, India
| | - Dhanjit Kumar Das
- Stem Cell Biology, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Reproductive and Child Health, Parel, Mumbai, Maharashtra-400012, India.
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14
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Mallard TT, Grotzinger AD, Smoller JW. Examining the shared etiology of psychopathology with genome-wide association studies. Physiol Rev 2023; 103:1645-1665. [PMID: 36634217 PMCID: PMC9988537 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00016.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have ushered in a new era of reproducible discovery in psychiatric genetics. The field has now identified hundreds of common genetic variants that are associated with mental disorders, and many of them influence more than one disorder. By advancing the understanding of causal biology underlying psychopathology, GWAS results are poised to inform the development of novel therapeutics, stratification of at-risk patients, and perhaps even the revision of top-down classification systems in psychiatry. Here, we provide a concise review of GWAS findings with an emphasis on findings that have elucidated the shared genetic etiology of psychopathology, summarizing insights at three levels of analysis: 1) genome-wide architecture; 2) networks, pathways, and gene sets; and 3) individual variants/genes. Three themes emerge from these efforts. First, all psychiatric phenotypes are heritable, highly polygenic, and influenced by many pleiotropic variants with incomplete penetrance. Second, GWAS results highlight the broad etiological roles of neuronal biology, system-wide effects over localized effects, and early neurodevelopment as a critical period. Third, many loci that are robustly associated with multiple forms of psychopathology harbor genes that are involved in synaptic structure and function. Finally, we conclude our review by discussing the implications that GWAS results hold for the field of psychiatry, as well as expected challenges and future directions in the next stage of psychiatric genetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Travis T Mallard
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Andrew D Grotzinger
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, United States
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, United States
| | - Jordan W Smoller
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
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15
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Müller-Miny L, Thiel K, Meinert S, Hahn T, Kircher T, Nenadić I, Krug A, Hufschmidt F, Liao H, Neumann H, Dannlowski U, Lünemann JD. Association of polysialic acid serum levels with schizophrenia spectrum and bipolar disorder-related structural brain changes and hospitalization. Sci Rep 2023; 13:2085. [PMID: 36747002 PMCID: PMC9902615 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-29242-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Expression of polysialic acid (polySia) in the adult brain is enriched in areas of continuous neurogenesis and plasticity such as the hippocampus. Genome-wide association studies identified variants of glycosylation enzyme-encoding genes, required for the generation of polySia, to be associated with the development of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Here, we report that serum levels of polySia are increased in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorder compared to patients with major depressive disorders or demographically matched healthy controls. Furthermore, elevated polySia serum levels are associated with structural hippocampal gray matter decline in schizophrenia spectrum and bipolar disorder. In patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorder, polySia serum levels correlate with the number, duration of disease-related hospitalizations, early retirement and medical leave as estimators of detrimental long-term disease trajectories. Our data show that polySia serum levels are linked to structural hippocampal brain changes in schizophrenia spectrum and bipolar disorders, and suggest a contribution of polySia to the pathophysiology of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louisa Müller-Miny
- Department of Neurology With Institute of Translational Neurology, University Hospital Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Katharina Thiel
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Susanne Meinert
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.,Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Tim Hahn
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Tilo Kircher
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Marburg, Marburg, Germany.,Marburg Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (MCMBB), Marburg, Germany
| | - Igor Nenadić
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Marburg, Marburg, Germany.,Marburg Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (MCMBB), Marburg, Germany
| | - Axel Krug
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Marburg, Marburg, Germany.,Marburg Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (MCMBB), Marburg, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Felix Hufschmidt
- Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital of Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Huan Liao
- Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital of Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Harald Neumann
- Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital of Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Udo Dannlowski
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Jan D Lünemann
- Department of Neurology With Institute of Translational Neurology, University Hospital Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany.
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16
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Zhou H, Kember RL, Deak JD, Xu H, Toikumo S, Yuan K, Lind PA, Farajzadeh L, Wang L, Hatoum AS, Johnson J, Lee H, Mallard TT, Xu J, Johnston KJ, Johnson EC, Galimberti M, Dao C, Levey DF, Overstreet C, Byrne EM, Gillespie NA, Gordon S, Hickie IB, Whitfield JB, Xu K, Zhao H, Huckins LM, Davis LK, Sanchez-Roige S, Madden PAF, Heath AC, Medland SE, Martin NG, Ge T, Smoller JW, Hougaard DM, Børglum AD, Demontis D, Krystal JH, Gaziano JM, Edenberg HJ, Agrawal A, Justice AC, Stein MB, Kranzler HR, Gelernter J. Multi-ancestry study of the genetics of problematic alcohol use in >1 million individuals. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.01.24.23284960. [PMID: 36747741 PMCID: PMC9901058 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.24.23284960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Problematic alcohol use (PAU) is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide. To improve our understanding of the genetics of PAU, we conducted a large cross-ancestry meta-analysis of PAU in 1,079,947 individuals. We observed a high degree of cross-ancestral similarity in the genetic architecture of PAU and identified 110 independent risk variants in within- and cross-ancestry analyses. Cross-ancestry fine-mapping improved the identification of likely causal variants. Prioritizing genes through gene expression and/or chromatin interaction in brain tissues identified multiple genes associated with PAU. We identified existing medications for potential pharmacological studies by drug repurposing analysis. Cross-ancestry polygenic risk scores (PRS) showed better performance in independent sample than single-ancestry PRS. Genetic correlations between PAU and other traits were observed in multiple ancestries, with other substance use traits having the highest correlations. The analysis of diverse ancestries contributed significantly to the findings, and fills an important gap in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Zhou
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Rachel L. Kember
- Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Joseph D. Deak
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Heng Xu
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sylvanus Toikumo
- Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kai Yuan
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Penelope A. Lind
- Psychiatric Genetics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Leila Farajzadeh
- Department of Biomedicine - Human Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Denmark
- Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Alexander S. Hatoum
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jessica Johnson
- Pamela Sklar Division of Psychiatric Genomics, Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hyunjoon Lee
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Travis T. Mallard
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jiayi Xu
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - Emma C. Johnson
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Marco Galimberti
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Cecilia Dao
- Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale University School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Daniel F. Levey
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Cassie Overstreet
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Enda M. Byrne
- Child Health Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Nathan A. Gillespie
- Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Scott Gordon
- Genetic Epidemiology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Ian B. Hickie
- Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - John B. Whitfield
- Genetic Epidemiology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Ke Xu
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Hongyu Zhao
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Laura M. Huckins
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Lea K. Davis
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Genetics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Sandra Sanchez-Roige
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Genetics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Pamela A. F. Madden
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Andrew C. Heath
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Sarah E. Medland
- Psychiatric Genetics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- School of Psychology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Nicholas G. Martin
- Genetic Epidemiology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Tian Ge
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Precision Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jordan W. Smoller
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David M. Hougaard
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Denmark
- Center for Neonatal Screening, Department for Congenital Disorders, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anders D. Børglum
- Department of Biomedicine - Human Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Denmark
- Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ditte Demontis
- Department of Biomedicine - Human Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Denmark
- Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - John H. Krystal
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- National Center for PTSD, US Department of Veterans Affairs, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - J. Michael Gaziano
- Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology and Research Information Center (MAVERIC), Boston Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Divisions of Aging and Preventative Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Howard J. Edenberg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Arpana Agrawal
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | | | - Amy C. Justice
- Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research on AIDS, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Murray B. Stein
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, Psychiatry Service, San Diego, CA, USA
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Henry R. Kranzler
- Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- These authors jointly supervised this work
| | - Joel Gelernter
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- These authors jointly supervised this work
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17
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Fišar Z. Biological hypotheses, risk factors, and biomarkers of schizophrenia. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2023; 120:110626. [PMID: 36055561 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2022.110626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Both the discovery of biomarkers of schizophrenia and the verification of biological hypotheses of schizophrenia are an essential part of the process of understanding the etiology of this mental disorder. Schizophrenia has long been considered a neurodevelopmental disease whose symptoms are caused by impaired synaptic signal transduction and brain neuroplasticity. Both the onset and chronic course of schizophrenia are associated with risk factors-induced disruption of brain function and the establishment of a new homeostatic setpoint characterized by biomarkers. Different risk factors and biomarkers can converge to the same symptoms of schizophrenia, suggesting that the primary cause of the disease can be highly individual. Schizophrenia-related biomarkers include measurable biochemical changes induced by stress (elevated allostatic load), mitochondrial dysfunction, neuroinflammation, oxidative and nitrosative stress, and circadian rhythm disturbances. Here is a summary of selected valid biological hypotheses of schizophrenia formulated based on risk factors and biomarkers, neurodevelopment, neuroplasticity, brain chemistry, and antipsychotic medication. The integrative neurodevelopmental-vulnerability-neurochemical model is based on current knowledge of the neurobiology of the onset and progression of the disease and the effects of antipsychotics and psychotomimetics and reflects the complex and multifactorial nature of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zdeněk Fišar
- Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, First Faculty of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Czech Republic.
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18
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Suttapitugsakul S, Stavenhagen K, Donskaya S, Bennett DA, Mealer RG, Seyfried NT, Cummings RD. Glycoproteomics Landscape of Asymptomatic and Symptomatic Human Alzheimer's Disease Brain. Mol Cell Proteomics 2022; 21:100433. [PMID: 36309312 PMCID: PMC9706167 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcpro.2022.100433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular changes in the brain of individuals afflicted with Alzheimer's disease (AD) are an intense area of study. Little is known about the role of protein abundance and posttranslational modifications in AD progression and treatment, in particular large-scale intact N-linked glycoproteomics analysis. To elucidate the N-glycoproteome landscape, we developed an approach based on multi-lectin affinity enrichment, hydrophilic interaction chromatography, and LC-MS-based glycoproteomics. We analyzed brain tissue from 10 persons with no cognitive impairment or AD, 10 with asymptomatic AD, and 10 with symptomatic AD, detecting over 300 glycoproteins and 1900 glycoforms across the samples. The majority of glycoproteins have N-glycans that are high-mannosidic or complex chains that are fucosylated and bisected. The Man5 N-glycan was found to occur most frequently at >20% of the total glycoforms. Unlike the glycoproteomes of other tissues, sialylation is a minor feature of the brain N-glycoproteome, occurring at <9% among the glycoforms. We observed AD-associated differences in the number of antennae, frequency of fucosylation, bisection, and other monosaccharides at individual glycosylation sites among samples from our three groups. Further analysis revealed glycosylation differences in subcellular compartments across disease stage, including glycoproteins in the lysosome frequently modified with paucimannosidic glycans. These results illustrate the N-glycoproteomics landscape across the spectrum of AD clinical and pathologic severity and will facilitate a deeper understanding of progression and treatment development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suttipong Suttapitugsakul
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kathrin Stavenhagen
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sofia Donskaya
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - David A Bennett
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Robert G Mealer
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nicholas T Seyfried
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Richard D Cummings
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
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19
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Wang Y, Meng W, Liu Z, An Q, Hu X. Cognitive impairment in psychiatric diseases: Biomarkers of diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:1046692. [DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.1046692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Psychiatric diseases, such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, autism spectrum disorder, and major depressive disorder, place a huge health burden on society. Cognitive impairment is one of the core characteristics of psychiatric disorders and a vital determinant of social function and disease recurrence in patients. This review thus aims to explore the underlying molecular mechanisms of cognitive impairment in major psychiatric disorders and identify valuable biomarkers for diagnosis, treatment and prevention of patients.
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20
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Using AI-Based Evolutionary Algorithms to Elucidate Adult Brain Tumor (Glioma) Etiology Associated with IDH1 for Therapeutic Target Identification. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2022; 44:2982-3000. [PMID: 35877430 PMCID: PMC9323620 DOI: 10.3390/cimb44070206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult brain tumors (glioma) represent a cancer of unmet need where standard-of-care is non-curative; thus, new therapies are urgently needed. It is unclear whether isocitrate dehydrogenases (IDH1/2) when not mutated have any role in gliomagenesis or tumor growth. Nevertheless, IDH1 is overexpressed in glioblastoma (GBM), which could impact upon cellular metabolism and epigenetic reprogramming. This study characterizes IDH1 expression and associated genes and pathways. A novel biomarker discovery pipeline using artificial intelligence (evolutionary algorithms) was employed to analyze IDH-wildtype adult gliomas from the TCGA LGG-GBM cohort. Ninety genes whose expression correlated with IDH1 expression were identified from: (1) All gliomas, (2) primary GBM, and (3) recurrent GBM tumors. Genes were overrepresented in ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis, focal adhesion, mTOR signaling, and pyruvate metabolism pathways. Other non-enriched pathways included O-glycan biosynthesis, notch signaling, and signaling regulating stem cell pluripotency (PCGF3). Potential prognostic (TSPYL2, JAKMIP1, CIT, TMTC1) and two diagnostic (MINK1, PLEKHM3) biomarkers were downregulated in GBM. Their gene expression and methylation were negatively and positively correlated with IDH1 expression, respectively. Two diagnostic biomarkers (BZW1, RCF2) showed the opposite trend. Prognostic genes were not impacted by high frequencies of molecular alterations and only one (TMTC1) could be validated in another cohort. Genes with mechanistic links to IDH1 were involved in brain neuronal development, cell proliferation, cytokinesis, and O-mannosylation as well as tumor suppression and anaplerosis. Results highlight metabolic vulnerabilities and therapeutic targets for use in future clinical trials.
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21
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What can genetics tell us about the schizophrenia construct? Schizophr Res 2022; 242:126-129. [PMID: 35125284 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2021.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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22
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Jaaro-Peled H, Landek-Salgado MA, Cascella NG, Nucifora FC, Coughlin JM, Nestadt G, Sedlak TW, Lavoie J, De Silva S, Lee S, Tajinda K, Hiyama H, Ishizuka K, Yang K, Sawa A. Sex-specific involvement of the Notch-JAG pathway in social recognition. Transl Psychiatry 2022; 12:99. [PMID: 35273151 PMCID: PMC8913639 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-022-01867-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Under the hypothesis that olfactory neural epithelium gene expression profiles may be useful to look for disease-relevant neuronal signatures, we examined microarray gene expression in olfactory neuronal cells and underscored Notch-JAG pathway molecules in association with schizophrenia (SZ). The microarray profiling study underscored JAG1 as the most promising candidate. Combined with further validation with real-time PCR, downregulation of NOTCH1 was statistically significant. Accordingly, we reverse-translated the significant finding from a surrogate tissue for neurons, and studied the behavioral profile of Notch1+/- mice. We found a specific impairment in social novelty recognition, whereas other behaviors, such as sociability, novel object recognition and olfaction of social odors, were normal. This social novelty recognition deficit was male-specific and was rescued by rapamycin treatment. Based on the results from the animal model, we next tested whether patients with psychosis might have male-specific alterations in social cognition in association with the expression of NOTCH1 or JAG1. In our first episode psychosis cohort, we observed a specific correlation between the expression of JAG1 and a face processing measure only in male patients. The expression of JAG1 was not correlated with any other cognitive and symptomatic scales in all subjects. Together, although we acknowledge the pioneering and exploratory nature, the present work that combines both human and animal studies in a reciprocal manner suggests a novel role for the Notch-JAG pathway in a behavioral dimension(s) related to social cognition in psychotic disorders in a male-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Jaaro-Peled
- grid.21107.350000 0001 2171 9311Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
| | - Melissa A. Landek-Salgado
- grid.21107.350000 0001 2171 9311Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
| | - Nicola G. Cascella
- grid.21107.350000 0001 2171 9311Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
| | - Frederick C. Nucifora
- grid.21107.350000 0001 2171 9311Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
| | - Jennifer M. Coughlin
- grid.21107.350000 0001 2171 9311Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
| | - Gerald Nestadt
- grid.21107.350000 0001 2171 9311Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
| | - Thomas W. Sedlak
- grid.21107.350000 0001 2171 9311Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
| | - Joelle Lavoie
- grid.21107.350000 0001 2171 9311Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
| | - Sarah De Silva
- grid.21107.350000 0001 2171 9311Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
| | - Somin Lee
- grid.21107.350000 0001 2171 9311Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
| | - Katsunori Tajinda
- grid.21107.350000 0001 2171 9311Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
| | - Hideki Hiyama
- grid.21107.350000 0001 2171 9311Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
| | - Koko Ishizuka
- grid.21107.350000 0001 2171 9311Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
| | - Kun Yang
- grid.21107.350000 0001 2171 9311Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
| | - Akira Sawa
- Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA. .,Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA. .,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA. .,Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA. .,Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
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23
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Mealer RG, Williams SE, Noel M, Yang B, D’Souza AK, Nakata T, Graham DB, Creasey EA, Cetinbas M, Sadreyev RI, Scolnick EM, Woo CM, Smoller JW, Xavier RJ, Cummings RD. The schizophrenia-associated variant in SLC39A8 alters protein glycosylation in the mouse brain. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:1405-1415. [PMID: 35260802 PMCID: PMC9106890 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-022-01490-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
A missense mutation (A391T) in SLC39A8 is strongly associated with schizophrenia in genomic studies, though the molecular connection to the brain is unknown. Human carriers of A391T have reduced serum manganese, altered plasma glycosylation, and brain MRI changes consistent with altered metal transport. Here, using a knock-in mouse model homozygous for A391T, we show that the schizophrenia-associated variant changes protein glycosylation in the brain. Glycosylation of Asn residues in glycoproteins (N-glycosylation) was most significantly impaired, with effects differing between regions. RNAseq analysis showed negligible regional variation, consistent with changes in the activity of glycosylation enzymes rather than gene expression. Finally, nearly one-third of detected glycoproteins were differentially N-glycosylated in the cortex, including members of several pathways previously implicated in schizophrenia, such as cell adhesion molecules and neurotransmitter receptors that are expressed across all cell types. These findings provide a mechanistic link between a risk allele and potentially reversible biochemical changes in the brain, furthering our molecular understanding of the pathophysiology of schizophrenia and a novel opportunity for therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert G. Mealer
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,Center for Precision Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital. Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,National Center for Functional Glycomics, Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,The Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research at Broad Institute of Harvard/MIT, Cambridge, MA.,Corresponding Author: Robert Gene Mealer, M.D., Ph.D., Richard B. Simches Research Center, 185 Cambridge St, 6th Floor, Boston, MA 02114,
| | - Sarah E. Williams
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,National Center for Functional Glycomics, Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Maxence Noel
- National Center for Functional Glycomics, Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Bo Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA
| | | | - Toru Nakata
- Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Daniel B. Graham
- Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Elizabeth A. Creasey
- Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Murat Cetinbas
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Ruslan I. Sadreyev
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Edward M. Scolnick
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,The Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research at Broad Institute of Harvard/MIT, Cambridge, MA
| | - Christina M. Woo
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA
| | - Jordan W. Smoller
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,Center for Precision Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital. Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,The Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research at Broad Institute of Harvard/MIT, Cambridge, MA
| | - Ramnik J. Xavier
- Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Richard D. Cummings
- National Center for Functional Glycomics, Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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24
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Accogli A, Radenkovic S, Ranatunga W, Ligezka AN, Rivière JB, Morava E, Trakadis Y. Could distal variants in ALG13 lead to atypical clinical presentation? Eur J Med Genet 2022; 65:104473. [PMID: 35240324 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2022.104473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG) represent a wide range of some 150 inherited metabolic diseases, continually expanding in terms of newly identified genes and the heterogeneity of clinical and molecular presentations within each subtype. Heterozygous pathogenic variants in ALG13 are associated with early-onset epileptic encephalopathy, typically in females. The majority of subjects described so far harbour one of the two recurrent pathogenic variants, namely p.(Asn107Ser) and p.(Ala81Thr) in the C-terminal glycosyltransferase domain. We report a novel ALG13 variant (c.1709G > A, p.(Gly570Glu)) in an adult female with unremarkable past developmental and medical history, except for mild kinetic tremor. Our proband presented with acute onset of neurological and psychiatric features, along with liver dysfunction, during pregnancy, all of which gradually resolved after delivery. The proband's newborn baby died at 22 days of life from neonatal liver disease, due to gestational alloimmune liver disease (GALD). Functional assessment on fibroblasts derived from our case showed alterations in 2 of 3 cellular glycosylation markers (LAMP2, Factor IX), suggesting a functional effect of this novel ALG13 variant on glycosylation. This paper raises the possibility that variants outside the glycosyltransferase domain may have a hypomorphic effect leading to atypical clinical manifestations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Accogli
- Department of Specialized Medicine, Division of Medical Genetics, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 1B1, Canada
| | - Silvia Radenkovic
- Department of Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minesota, USA; Metabolomics Expertise Center, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB-KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Anna N Ligezka
- Department of Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minesota, USA
| | - Jean-Baptiste Rivière
- Department of Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 1B1, Canada; Bioinformatics Platform, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Eva Morava
- Department of Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minesota, USA
| | - Yannis Trakadis
- Department of Specialized Medicine, Division of Medical Genetics, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 1B1, Canada.
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25
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Williams SE, Noel M, Lehoux S, Cetinbas M, Xavier RJ, Sadreyev RI, Scolnick EM, Smoller JW, Cummings RD, Mealer RG. Mammalian brain glycoproteins exhibit diminished glycan complexity compared to other tissues. Nat Commun 2022; 13:275. [PMID: 35022400 PMCID: PMC8755730 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27781-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycosylation is essential to brain development and function, but prior studies have often been limited to a single analytical technique and excluded region- and sex-specific analyses. Here, using several methodologies, we analyze Asn-linked and Ser/Thr/Tyr-linked protein glycosylation between brain regions and sexes in mice. Brain N-glycans are less complex in sequence and variety compared to other tissues, consisting predominantly of high-mannose and fucosylated/bisected structures. Most brain O-glycans are unbranched, sialylated O-GalNAc and O-mannose structures. A consistent pattern is observed between regions, and sex differences are minimal compared to those in plasma. Brain glycans correlate with RNA expression of their synthetic enzymes, and analysis of glycosylation genes in humans show a global downregulation in the brain compared to other tissues. We hypothesize that this restricted repertoire of protein glycans arises from their tight regulation in the brain. These results provide a roadmap for future studies of glycosylation in neurodevelopment and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Williams
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Maxence Noel
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sylvain Lehoux
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Murat Cetinbas
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ramnik J Xavier
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ruslan I Sadreyev
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Edward M Scolnick
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- The Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research at Broad Institute of Harvard/MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jordan W Smoller
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- The Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research at Broad Institute of Harvard/MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Center for Precision Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Richard D Cummings
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Robert G Mealer
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- The Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research at Broad Institute of Harvard/MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Center for Precision Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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26
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Brandão-Teles C, Smith BJ, Carregari VC. PTMs: A Missing Piece for Schizophrenia Studies. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1382:119-127. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-05460-0_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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27
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Li Y, Li S, Liu J, Huo Y, Luo XJ. The schizophrenia susceptibility gene NAGA regulates dendritic spine density: further evidence for the dendritic spine pathology of schizophrenia. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:7102-7104. [PMID: 34376824 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-021-01261-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China.,Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Shiwu Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Jiewei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yongxia Huo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Xiong-Jian Luo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China. .,Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China. .,Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China. .,KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China.
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28
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Li Y, Ma C, Li W, Yang Y, Li X, Liu J, Wang J, Li S, Liu Y, Li K, Li J, Huang D, Chen R, Lv L, Li M, Luo XJ. A missense variant in NDUFA6 confers schizophrenia risk by affecting YY1 binding and NAGA expression. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:6896-6911. [PMID: 33931730 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-021-01125-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have revealed that genetic variants at the 22q13.2 risk locus were robustly associated with schizophrenia. However, the causal variants at this risk locus and their roles in schizophrenia remain elusive. Here we identify the risk missense variant rs1801311 (located in the 1st exon of NDUFA6 gene) as likely causal for schizophrenia at 22q13.2 by disrupting binding of YY1, TAF1, and POLR2A. We systematically elucidated the regulatory mechanisms of rs1801311 and validated the regulatory effect of this missense variant. Intriguingly, rs1801311 physically interacted with NAGA (encodes the alpha-N-acetylgalactosaminidase, which is mainly involved in regulating metabolisms of glycoproteins and glycolipids in lysosome) and showed the most significant association with NAGA expression in the human brain, with the risk allele (G) associated with higher NAGA expression. Consistent with eQTL analysis, expression analysis showed that NAGA was significantly upregulated in brains of schizophrenia cases compared with controls, further supporting that rs1801311 may confer schizophrenia risk by regulating NAGA expression. Of note, we found that NAGA regulates important neurodevelopmental processes, including proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells. Transcriptome analysis corroborated that NAGA regulates pathways associated with neuronal differentiation. Finally, we independently confirmed the association between rs1801311 and schizophrenia in a large Chinese cohort. Our study elucidates the regulatory mechanisms of the missense schizophrenia risk variant rs1801311 and provides mechanistic links between risk variant and schizophrenia etiology. In addition, this study also revealed the novel role of coding variants in gene regulation and schizophrenia risk, i.e., genetic variant in coding region of a specific gene may confer disease risk through regulating distal genes (act as regulatory variant for distal genes).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China.,Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Changguo Ma
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China.,Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Wenqiang Li
- Henan Mental Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China.,Henan Key Lab of Biological Psychiatry, International Joint Research Laboratory for Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Henan, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Yongfeng Yang
- Henan Mental Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China.,Henan Key Lab of Biological Psychiatry, International Joint Research Laboratory for Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Henan, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Xiaoyan Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China.,Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Jiewei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Junyang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China.,Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Shiwu Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China.,Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yixing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China.,Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Kaiqin Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China.,Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Jiao Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China.,Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Di Huang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Rui Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China.,Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Luxian Lv
- Henan Mental Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China.,Henan Key Lab of Biological Psychiatry, International Joint Research Laboratory for Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Henan, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Ming Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Xiong-Jian Luo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China. .,Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China. .,Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China. .,KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China.
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Kato K, Hansen L, Clausen H. Polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase-Associated Phenotypes in Mammals. Molecules 2021; 26:5504. [PMID: 34576978 PMCID: PMC8472655 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26185504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Mucin-type O-glycosylation involves the attachment of glycans to an initial O-linked N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) on serine and threonine residues on proteins. This process in mammals is initiated and regulated by a large family of 20 UDP-GalNAc: polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferases (GalNAc-Ts) (EC 2.4.1.41). The enzymes are encoded by a large gene family (GALNTs). Two of these genes, GALNT2 and GALNT3, are known as monogenic autosomal recessive inherited disease genes with well characterized phenotypes, whereas a broad spectrum of phenotypes is associated with the remaining 18 genes. Until recently, the overlapping functionality of the 20 members of the enzyme family has hindered characterizing the specific biological roles of individual enzymes. However, recent evidence suggests that these enzymes do not have full functional redundancy and may serve specific purposes that are found in the different phenotypes described. Here, we summarize the current knowledge of GALNT and associated phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Kato
- Department of Eco-Epidemiology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
- School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
| | - Lars Hansen
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Mærsk Building, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark;
| | - Henrik Clausen
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Mærsk Building, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark;
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Lai JW, Ang CKE, Acharya UR, Cheong KH. Schizophrenia: A Survey of Artificial Intelligence Techniques Applied to Detection and Classification. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:6099. [PMID: 34198829 PMCID: PMC8201065 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18116099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Artificial Intelligence in healthcare employs machine learning algorithms to emulate human cognition in the analysis of complicated or large sets of data. Specifically, artificial intelligence taps on the ability of computer algorithms and software with allowable thresholds to make deterministic approximate conclusions. In comparison to traditional technologies in healthcare, artificial intelligence enhances the process of data analysis without the need for human input, producing nearly equally reliable, well defined output. Schizophrenia is a chronic mental health condition that affects millions worldwide, with impairment in thinking and behaviour that may be significantly disabling to daily living. Multiple artificial intelligence and machine learning algorithms have been utilized to analyze the different components of schizophrenia, such as in prediction of disease, and assessment of current prevention methods. These are carried out in hope of assisting with diagnosis and provision of viable options for individuals affected. In this paper, we review the progress of the use of artificial intelligence in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel Weijia Lai
- Science, Mathematics and Technology, Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, Singapore 487372, Singapore; (J.W.L.); (C.K.E.A.)
| | - Candice Ke En Ang
- Science, Mathematics and Technology, Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, Singapore 487372, Singapore; (J.W.L.); (C.K.E.A.)
- MOH Holdings Pte Ltd, 1 Maritime Square, Singapore 099253, Singapore
| | - U. Rajendra Acharya
- Department of Electronics and Computer Engineering, Ngee Ann Polytechnic, Clementi 599489, Singapore;
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Science and Technology, Singapore University of Social Sciences, Clementi 599491, Singapore
- Department of Biomedical Informatics and Medical Engineering, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan
| | - Kang Hao Cheong
- Science, Mathematics and Technology, Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, Singapore 487372, Singapore; (J.W.L.); (C.K.E.A.)
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31
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Towards structure-focused glycoproteomics. Biochem Soc Trans 2021; 49:161-186. [PMID: 33439247 PMCID: PMC7925015 DOI: 10.1042/bst20200222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Facilitated by advances in the separation sciences, mass spectrometry and informatics, glycoproteomics, the analysis of intact glycopeptides at scale, has recently matured enabling new insights into the complex glycoproteome. While diverse quantitative glycoproteomics strategies capable of mapping monosaccharide compositions of N- and O-linked glycans to discrete sites of proteins within complex biological mixtures with considerable sensitivity, quantitative accuracy and coverage have become available, developments supporting the advancement of structure-focused glycoproteomics, a recognised frontier in the field, have emerged. Technologies capable of providing site-specific information of the glycan fine structures in a glycoproteome-wide context are indeed necessary to address many pending questions in glycobiology. In this review, we firstly survey the latest glycoproteomics studies published in 2018–2020, their approaches and their findings, and then summarise important technological innovations in structure-focused glycoproteomics. Our review illustrates that while the O-glycoproteome remains comparably under-explored despite the emergence of new O-glycan-selective mucinases and other innovative tools aiding O-glycoproteome profiling, quantitative glycoproteomics is increasingly used to profile the N-glycoproteome to tackle diverse biological questions. Excitingly, new strategies compatible with structure-focused glycoproteomics including novel chemoenzymatic labelling, enrichment, separation, and mass spectrometry-based detection methods are rapidly emerging revealing glycan fine structural details including bisecting GlcNAcylation, core and antenna fucosylation, and sialyl-linkage information with protein site resolution. Glycoproteomics has clearly become a mainstay within the glycosciences that continues to reach a broader community. It transpires that structure-focused glycoproteomics holds a considerable potential to aid our understanding of systems glycobiology and unlock secrets of the glycoproteome in the immediate future.
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Eisenhaber B, Sinha S, Jadalanki CK, Shitov VA, Tan QW, Sirota FL, Eisenhaber F. Conserved sequence motifs in human TMTC1, TMTC2, TMTC3, and TMTC4, new O-mannosyltransferases from the GT-C/PMT clan, are rationalized as ligand binding sites. Biol Direct 2021; 16:4. [PMID: 33436046 PMCID: PMC7801869 DOI: 10.1186/s13062-021-00291-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The human proteins TMTC1, TMTC2, TMTC3 and TMTC4 have been experimentally shown to be components of a new O-mannosylation pathway. Their own mannosyl-transferase activity has been suspected but their actual enzymatic potential has not been demonstrated yet. So far, sequence analysis of TMTCs has been compromised by evolutionary sequence divergence within their membrane-embedded N-terminal region, sequence inaccuracies in the protein databases and the difficulty to interpret the large functional variety of known homologous proteins (mostly sugar transferases and some with known 3D structure). RESULTS Evolutionary conserved molecular function among TMTCs is only possible with conserved membrane topology within their membrane-embedded N-terminal regions leading to the placement of homologous long intermittent loops at the same membrane side. Using this criterion, we demonstrate that all TMTCs have 11 transmembrane regions. The sequence segment homologous to Pfam model DUF1736 is actually just a loop between TM7 and TM8 that is located in the ER lumen and that contains a small hydrophobic, but not membrane-embedded helix. Not only do the membrane-embedded N-terminal regions of TMTCs share a common fold and 3D structural similarity with subgroups of GT-C sugar transferases. The conservation of residues critical for catalysis, for binding of a divalent metal ion and of the phosphate group of a lipid-linked sugar moiety throughout enzymatically and structurally well-studied GT-Cs and sequences of TMTCs indicates that TMTCs are actually sugar-transferring enzymes. We present credible 3D structural models of all four TMTCs (derived from their closest known homologues 5ezm/5f15) and find observed conserved sequence motifs rationalized as binding sites for a metal ion and for a dolichyl-phosphate-mannose moiety. CONCLUSIONS With the results from both careful sequence analysis and structural modelling, we can conclusively say that the TMTCs are enzymatically active sugar transferases belonging to the GT-C/PMT superfamily. The DUF1736 segment, the loop between TM7 and TM8, is critical for catalysis and lipid-linked sugar moiety binding. Together with the available indirect experimental data, we conclude that the TMTCs are not only part of an O-mannosylation pathway in the endoplasmic reticulum of upper eukaryotes but, actually, they are the sought mannosyl-transferases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birgit Eisenhaber
- Bioinformatics Institute (BII), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 30 Biopolis Street, #07-01 Matrix, Singapore, 138671, Republic of Singapore.
- Genome Institute of Singapore (BII), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 60 Biopolis Street, Singapore, 138672, Republic of Singapore.
| | - Swati Sinha
- Bioinformatics Institute (BII), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 30 Biopolis Street, #07-01 Matrix, Singapore, 138671, Republic of Singapore
| | - Chaitanya K Jadalanki
- Bioinformatics Institute (BII), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 30 Biopolis Street, #07-01 Matrix, Singapore, 138671, Republic of Singapore
| | - Vladimir A Shitov
- Bioinformatics Institute (BII), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 30 Biopolis Street, #07-01 Matrix, Singapore, 138671, Republic of Singapore
- Siberian State Medical University, Moskovskiy Trakt, 2, Tomsk, Tomsk Oblast, 634050, Russia
| | - Qiao Wen Tan
- Bioinformatics Institute (BII), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 30 Biopolis Street, #07-01 Matrix, Singapore, 138671, Republic of Singapore
- School of Biological Science (SBS), Nanyang Technological University (NTU), 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637551, Republic of Singapore
| | - Fernanda L Sirota
- Bioinformatics Institute (BII), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 30 Biopolis Street, #07-01 Matrix, Singapore, 138671, Republic of Singapore
| | - Frank Eisenhaber
- Bioinformatics Institute (BII), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 30 Biopolis Street, #07-01 Matrix, Singapore, 138671, Republic of Singapore.
- Genome Institute of Singapore (BII), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 60 Biopolis Street, Singapore, 138672, Republic of Singapore.
- School of Biological Science (SBS), Nanyang Technological University (NTU), 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637551, Republic of Singapore.
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Lee PH, Feng YCA, Smoller JW. Pleiotropy and Cross-Disorder Genetics Among Psychiatric Disorders. Biol Psychiatry 2021; 89:20-31. [PMID: 33131714 PMCID: PMC7898275 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2020.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Genome-wide analyses of common and rare genetic variations have documented the heritability of major psychiatric disorders, established their highly polygenic genetic architecture, and identified hundreds of contributing variants. In recent years, these studies have illuminated another key feature of the genetic basis of psychiatric disorders: the important role and pervasive nature of pleiotropy. It is now clear that a substantial fraction of genetic influences on psychopathology transcend clinical diagnostic boundaries. In this review, we summarize evidence in psychiatry for pleiotropy at multiple levels of analysis: from overall genome-wide correlation to biological pathways and down to the level of individual loci. We examine underlying mechanisms of observed pleiotropy, including genetic effects on neurodevelopment, diverse actions of regulatory elements, mediated effects, and spurious associations of genomic variation with multiple phenotypes. We conclude with an exploration of the implications of pleiotropy for understanding the genetic basis of psychiatric disorders, informing nosology, and advancing the aims of precision psychiatry and genomic medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phil H Lee
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, and Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; and Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Yen-Chen A Feng
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, and Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; and Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Jordan W Smoller
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, and Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; and Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
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Aberrant glycosylation in schizophrenia: a review of 25 years of post-mortem brain studies. Mol Psychiatry 2020; 25:3198-3207. [PMID: 32404945 PMCID: PMC8081047 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-020-0761-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Glycosylation, the enzymatic attachment of carbohydrates to proteins and lipids, regulates nearly all cellular processes and is critical in the development and function of the nervous system. Axon pathfinding, neurite outgrowth, synaptogenesis, neurotransmission, and many other neuronal processes are regulated by glycans. Over the past 25 years, studies analyzing post-mortem brain samples have found evidence of aberrant glycosylation in individuals with schizophrenia. Proteins involved in both excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmission display altered glycans in the disease state, including AMPA and kainate receptor subunits, glutamate transporters EAAT1 and EAAT2, and the GABAA receptor. Polysialylated NCAM (PSA-NCAM) and perineuronal nets, highly glycosylated molecules critical for axonal migration and synaptic stabilization, are both downregulated in multiple brain regions of individuals with schizophrenia. In addition, enzymes spanning several pathways of glycan synthesis show differential expression in brains of individuals with schizophrenia. These changes may be due to genetic predisposition, environmental perturbations, medication use, or a combination of these factors. However, the recent association of several enzymes of glycosylation with schizophrenia by genome-wide association studies underscores the importance of glycosylation in this disease. Understanding how glycosylation is dysregulated in the brain will further our understanding of how this pathway contributes to the development and pathophysiology of schizophrenia.
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Park JH, Mealer RG, Elias AF, Hoffmann S, Grüneberg M, Biskup S, Fobker M, Haven J, Mangels U, Reunert J, Rust S, Schoof J, Schwanke C, Smoller JW, Cummings RD, Marquardt T. N-glycome analysis detects dysglycosylation missed by conventional methods in SLC39A8 deficiency. J Inherit Metab Dis 2020; 43:1370-1381. [PMID: 32852845 PMCID: PMC8086894 DOI: 10.1002/jimd.12306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG) are a growing group of inborn metabolic disorders with multiorgan presentation. SLC39A8-CDG is a severe subtype caused by biallelic mutations in the manganese transporter SLC39A8, reducing levels of this essential cofactor for many enzymes including glycosyltransferases. The current diagnostic standard for disorders of N-glycosylation is the analysis of serum transferrin. Exome and Sanger sequencing were performed in two patients with severe neurodevelopmental phenotypes suggestive of CDG. Transferrin glycosylation was analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and isoelectric focusing in addition to comprehensive N-glycome analysis using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry (MS). Atomic absorption spectroscopy was used to quantify whole blood manganese levels. Both patients presented with a severe, multisystem disorder, and a complex neurological phenotype. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a Leigh-like syndrome with bilateral T2 hyperintensities of the basal ganglia. In patient 1, exome sequencing identified the previously undescribed homozygous variant c.608T>C [p.F203S] in SLC39A8. Patient 2 was found to be homozygous for c.112G>C [p.G38R]. Both individuals showed a reduction of whole blood manganese, though transferrin glycosylation was normal. N-glycome using MALDI-TOF MS identified an increase of the asialo-agalactosylated precursor N-glycan A2G1S1 and a decrease in bisected structures. In addition, analysis of heterozygous CDG-allele carriers identified similar but less severe glycosylation changes. Despite its reliance as a clinical gold standard, analysis of transferrin glycosylation cannot be categorically used to rule out SLC39A8-CDG. These results emphasize that SLC39A8-CDG presents as a spectrum of dysregulated glycosylation, and MS is an important tool for identifying deficiencies not detected by conventional methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien H Park
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Neurosciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Department of General Pediatrics, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Robert G Mealer
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- The Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research at Broad Institute of Harvard/MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- National Center for Functional Glycomics, Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Abdallah F Elias
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shodair Children’s Hospital, Helena, Montana, USA
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | | | - Marianne Grüneberg
- Department of General Pediatrics, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Saskia Biskup
- CeGAT GmbH and Praxis für Humangenetik Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Manfred Fobker
- Center for Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Jaclyn Haven
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shodair Children’s Hospital, Helena, Montana, USA
| | - Ute Mangels
- Department of General Pediatrics, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Janine Reunert
- Department of General Pediatrics, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Stephan Rust
- Department of General Pediatrics, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Jonathan Schoof
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shodair Children’s Hospital, Helena, Montana, USA
| | - Corbin Schwanke
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shodair Children’s Hospital, Helena, Montana, USA
| | - Jordan W Smoller
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- The Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research at Broad Institute of Harvard/MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Richard D Cummings
- National Center for Functional Glycomics, Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Thorsten Marquardt
- Department of General Pediatrics, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
- to whom correspondence should be addressed: Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Geb. A13, 48149 Münster, Germany, , telephone: + 49 (0) 251 – 83 56494
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Mealer RG, Jenkins BG, Chen CY, Daly MJ, Ge T, Lehoux S, Marquardt T, Palmer CD, Park JH, Parsons PJ, Sackstein R, Williams SE, Cummings RD, Scolnick EM, Smoller JW. The schizophrenia risk locus in SLC39A8 alters brain metal transport and plasma glycosylation. Sci Rep 2020; 10:13162. [PMID: 32753748 PMCID: PMC7403432 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-70108-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A common missense variant in SLC39A8 is convincingly associated with schizophrenia and several additional phenotypes. Homozygous loss-of-function mutations in SLC39A8 result in undetectable serum manganese (Mn) and a Congenital Disorder of Glycosylation (CDG) due to the exquisite sensitivity of glycosyltransferases to Mn concentration. Here, we identified several Mn-related changes in human carriers of the common SLC39A8 missense allele. Analysis of structural brain MRI scans showed a dose-dependent change in the ratio of T2w to T1w signal in several regions. Comprehensive trace element analysis confirmed a specific reduction of only serum Mn, and plasma protein N-glycome profiling revealed reduced complexity and branching. N-glycome profiling from two individuals with SLC39A8-CDG showed similar but more severe alterations in branching that improved with Mn supplementation, suggesting that the common variant exists on a spectrum of hypofunction with potential for reversibility. Characterizing the functional impact of this variant will enhance our understanding of schizophrenia pathogenesis and identify novel therapeutic targets and biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert G Mealer
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- The Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research at Broad Institute of Harvard/MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- National Center for Functional Glycomics, Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Bruce G Jenkins
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Chia-Yen Chen
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- The Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research at Broad Institute of Harvard/MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mark J Daly
- The Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research at Broad Institute of Harvard/MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tian Ge
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- The Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research at Broad Institute of Harvard/MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Sylvain Lehoux
- National Center for Functional Glycomics, Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Thorsten Marquardt
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin-Allgemeine Pädiatrie, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Christopher D Palmer
- Laboratory of Inorganic and Nuclear Chemistry, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, USA
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University at Albany, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Julien H Park
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin-Allgemeine Pädiatrie, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Patrick J Parsons
- Laboratory of Inorganic and Nuclear Chemistry, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, USA
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University at Albany, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Robert Sackstein
- Department of Translational Medicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Sarah E Williams
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- National Center for Functional Glycomics, Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Richard D Cummings
- National Center for Functional Glycomics, Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Edward M Scolnick
- The Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research at Broad Institute of Harvard/MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jordan W Smoller
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- The Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research at Broad Institute of Harvard/MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
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Licinio J, Wong ML. Advances in schizophrenia research: glycobiology, white matter abnormalities, and their interactions. Mol Psychiatry 2020; 25:3116-3118. [PMID: 33273719 PMCID: PMC7714683 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-020-00961-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julio Licinio
- State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA.
| | - Ma-Li Wong
- grid.411023.50000 0000 9159 4457State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA
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