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Cai Y, Guo H, Han T, Wang H. Lactate: a prospective target for therapeutic intervention in psychiatric disease. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:1473-1479. [PMID: 38051889 PMCID: PMC10883489 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.387969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Although antipsychotics that act via monoaminergic neurotransmitter modulation have considerable therapeutic effect, they cannot completely relieve clinical symptoms in patients suffering from psychiatric disorders. This may be attributed to the limited range of neurotransmitters that are regulated by psychotropic drugs. Recent findings indicate the need for investigation of psychotropic medications that target less-studied neurotransmitters. Among these candidate neurotransmitters, lactate is developing from being a waste metabolite to a glial-neuronal signaling molecule in recent years. Previous studies have suggested that cerebral lactate levels change considerably in numerous psychiatric illnesses; animal experiments have also shown that the supply of exogenous lactate exerts an antidepressant effect. In this review, we have described how medications targeting newer neurotransmitters offer promise in psychiatric diseases; we have also summarized the advances in the use of lactate (and its corresponding signaling pathways) as a signaling molecule. In addition, we have described the alterations in brain lactate levels in depression, anxiety, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia and have indicated the challenges that need to be overcome before brain lactate can be used as a therapeutic target in psychopharmacology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhui Cai
- Department of Psychiatry, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Haiyun Guo
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Tianle Han
- Department of Psychiatry, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Huaning Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
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2
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Chen Z, Ge R, Wang C, Elazab A, Fu X, Min W, Qin F, Jia G, Fan X. Identification of important gene signatures in schizophrenia through feature fusion and genetic algorithm. Mamm Genome 2024; 35:241-255. [PMID: 38512459 DOI: 10.1007/s00335-024-10034-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a debilitating psychiatric disorder that can significantly affect a patient's quality of life and lead to permanent brain damage. Although medical research has identified certain genetic risk factors, the specific pathogenesis of the disorder remains unclear. Despite the prevalence of research employing magnetic resonance imaging, few studies have focused on the gene level and gene expression profile involving a large number of screened genes. However, the high dimensionality of genetic data presents a great challenge to accurately modeling the data. To tackle the current challenges, this study presents a novel feature selection strategy that utilizes heuristic feature fusion and a multi-objective optimization genetic algorithm. The goal is to improve classification performance and identify the key gene subset for schizophrenia diagnostics. Traditional gene screening techniques are inadequate for accurately determining the precise number of key genes associated with schizophrenia. Our innovative approach integrates a filter-based feature selection method to reduce data dimensionality and a multi-objective optimization genetic algorithm for improved classification tasks. By combining the filtering and wrapper methods, our strategy leverages their respective strengths in a deliberate manner, leading to superior classification accuracy and a more efficient selection of relevant genes. This approach has demonstrated significant improvements in classification results across 11 out of 14 relevant datasets. The performance on the remaining three datasets is comparable to the existing methods. Furthermore, visual and enrichment analyses have confirmed the practicality of our proposed method as a promising tool for the early detection of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ruiquan Ge
- Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, China.
- Hangzhou Institute of Advanced Technology, Hangzhou, China.
- Key Laboratory of Discrete Industrial Internet of Things of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Changmiao Wang
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Big Data, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ahmed Elazab
- Computer Science Department, Misr Higher Institute for Commerce and Computers, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Xianjun Fu
- School of Artificial Intelligence, Zhejiang College of Security Technology, Wenzhou, China
| | - Wenwen Min
- School of Information Science and Engineering, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Feiwei Qin
- Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, China
| | | | - Xiaopeng Fan
- Hangzhou Institute of Advanced Technology, Hangzhou, China
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3
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Sethi S, Wakeham D, Ketter T, Hooshmand F, Bjornstad J, Richards B, Westman E, Krauss RM, Saslow L. Ketogenic Diet Intervention on Metabolic and Psychiatric Health in Bipolar and Schizophrenia: A Pilot Trial. Psychiatry Res 2024; 335:115866. [PMID: 38547601 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2024.115866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
The ketogenic diet (KD, also known as metabolic therapy) has been successful in the treatment of obesity, type 2 diabetes, and epilepsy. More recently, this treatment has shown promise in the treatment of psychiatric illness. We conducted a 4-month pilot study to investigate the effects of a KD on individuals with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder with existing metabolic abnormalities. Twenty-three participants were enrolled in a single-arm trial. Results showcased improvements in metabolic health, with no participants meeting metabolic syndrome criteria by study conclusion. Adherent individuals experienced significant reduction in weight (12 %), BMI (12 %), waist circumference (13 %), and visceral adipose tissue (36 %). Observed biomarker enhancements in this population include a 27 % decrease in HOMA-IR, and a 25 % drop in triglyceride levels. In psychiatric measurements, participants with schizophrenia showed a 32 % reduction in Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale scores. Overall Clinical Global Impression (CGI) severity improved by an average of 31 %, and the proportion of participants that started with elevated symptomatology improved at least 1-point on CGI (79 %). Psychiatric outcomes across the cohort encompassed increased life satisfaction (17 %) and enhanced sleep quality (19 %). This pilot trial underscores the potential advantages of adjunctive ketogenic dietary treatment in individuals grappling with serious mental illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shebani Sethi
- Metabolic Psychiatry, Dept. of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - Diane Wakeham
- Metabolic Psychiatry, Dept. of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Terence Ketter
- Metabolic Psychiatry, Dept. of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Farnaz Hooshmand
- Metabolic Psychiatry, Dept. of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Julia Bjornstad
- Metabolic Psychiatry, Dept. of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Blair Richards
- Department of Health Behavior and Biological Sciences, School of Nursing, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Eric Westman
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Ronald M Krauss
- Department of Pediatrics and Medicine, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Laura Saslow
- Department of Health Behavior and Biological Sciences, School of Nursing, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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4
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Yang H, Zhu D, Liu Y, Xu Z, Liu Z, Zhang W, Cai J. Employing graph attention networks to decode psycho-metabolic interactions in Schizophrenia. Psychiatry Res 2024; 335:115841. [PMID: 38522150 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2024.115841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a severe mental disorder characterized by intricate and underexplored interactions between psychological symptoms and metabolic health, presenting challenges in understanding the disease mechanisms and designing effective treatment strategies. To delve deeply into the complex interactions between mental and metabolic health in patients with schizophrenia, this study constructed a psycho-metabolic interaction network and optimized the Graph Attention Network (GAT). This approach reveals complex data patterns that traditional statistical analyses fail to capture. The results show that weight management and medication management play a central role in the interplay between psychiatric disorders and metabolic health. Furthermore, additional analysis revealed significant correlations between the history of psychiatric symptoms and physical health indicators, as well as the key roles of biochemical markers(e.g., triglycerides and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol), which have not been sufficiently emphasized in previous studies. This highlights the importance of medication management approaches, weight management, psychological treatment, and biomarker monitoring in comprehensive treatment and underscores the significance of the biopsychosocial model. This study is the first to utilize a GNN to explore the interactions between schizophrenia symptoms and metabolic features, providing new insights into understanding psychiatric disorders and guiding the development of more comprehensive treatment strategies for schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyi Yang
- School of Design, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Dian Zhu
- School of Design, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - YanLi Liu
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Zhiqi Xu
- School of Design, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Zhao Liu
- School of Design, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, PR China.
| | - Weibo Zhang
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China; Mental Health Branch, China Hospital Development Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, PR China.
| | - Jun Cai
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China; Mental Health Branch, China Hospital Development Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, PR China.
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5
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Zhang X, Valeri J, Eladawi MA, Gisabella B, Garrett MR, Vallender EJ, McCullumsmith R, Pantazopoulos H, O’Donovan SM. Differentially Altered Metabolic Pathways in the Amygdala of Subjects with Schizophrenia, Bipolar Disorder and Major Depressive Disorder. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2024:2024.04.17.24305854. [PMID: 38699334 PMCID: PMC11065019 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.17.24305854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Background and hypothesis A growing number of studies implicate a key role for metabolic processes in psychiatric disorders. Recent studies suggest that ketogenic diet may be therapeutically effective for subgroups of people with schizophrenia (SCZ), bipolar disorder (BPD) and possibly major depressive disorder (MDD). Despite this promise, there is currently limited information regarding brain energy metabolism pathways across these disorders, limiting our understanding of how brain metabolic pathways are altered and who may benefit from ketogenic diets. We conducted gene expression profiling on the amygdala, a key region involved in in the regulation of mood and appetitive behaviors, to test the hypothesis that amygdala metabolic pathways are differentially altered between these disorders. Study Design We used a cohort of subjects diagnosed with SCZ, BPD or MDD, and non-psychiatrically ill control subjects (n=15/group), together with our bioinformatic 3-pod analysis consisting of full transcriptome pathway analysis, targeted pathway analysis, leading-edge gene analysis and iLINCS perturbagen analysis. Study Results We identified differential expression of metabolic pathways in each disorder. Subjects with SCZ displayed downregulation of mitochondrial respiration and nucleotide metabolism pathways. In comparison, we observed upregulation of mitochondrial respiration pathways in subjects with MDD, while subjects with BPD displayed enrichment of pathways involved in carbohydrate metabolism. Several pathways associated with brain metabolism including immune system processes and calcium ion transport were also differentially altered between diagnosis groups. Conclusion Our findings suggest metabolic pathways are differentially altered in the amygdala in these disorders, which may impact approaches for therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolu Zhang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA
| | - Jake Valeri
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS
- Program in Neuroscience, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS
| | | | - Barbara Gisabella
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS
- Program in Neuroscience, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS
| | - Michael R. Garrett
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS
| | - Eric J Vallender
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS
- Program in Neuroscience, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS
| | - Robert McCullumsmith
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH
- Promedica Neuroscience Institute, Toledo, OH
| | - Harry Pantazopoulos
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS
- Program in Neuroscience, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS
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O'Brien JT, Jalilvand SP, Suji NA, Jupelly RK, Phensy A, Mwirigi JM, Elahi H, Price TJ, Kroener S. Elevations in the Mitochondrial Matrix Protein Cyclophilin D Correlate With Reduced Parvalbumin Expression in the Prefrontal Cortex of Patients With Schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull 2024:sbae016. [PMID: 38412332 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbae016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND HYPOTHESIS Cognitive deficits in schizophrenia are linked to dysfunctions of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), including alterations in parvalbumin (PV)-expressing interneurons (PVIs). Redox dysregulation and oxidative stress may represent convergence points in the pathology of schizophrenia, causing dysfunction of GABAergic interneurons and loss of PV. Here, we show that the mitochondrial matrix protein cyclophilin D (CypD), a critical initiator of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) and modulator of the intracellular redox state, is altered in PVIs in schizophrenia. STUDY DESIGN Western blotting was used to measure CypD protein levels in postmortem DLPFC specimens of schizophrenic patients (n = 27) and matched comparison subjects with no known history of psychiatric or neurological disorders (n = 26). In a subset of this cohort, multilabel immunofluorescent confocal microscopy with unbiased stereological sampling methods were used to quantify (1) numbers of PVI across the cortical mantle (20 unaffected comparison, 14 schizophrenia) and (2) PV and CypD protein levels from PVIs in the cortical layers 2-4 (23 unaffected comparison, 18 schizophrenia). STUDY RESULTS In schizophrenic patients, the overall number of PVIs in the DLPFC was not significantly altered, but in individual PVIs of layers 2-4 PV protein levels decreased along a superficial-to-deep gradient when compared to unaffected comparison subjects. These laminar-specific PVI alterations were reciprocally linked to significant CypD elevations both in PVIs and total DLPFC gray matter. CONCLUSIONS Our findings support previously reported PVI anomalies in schizophrenia and suggest that CypD-mediated mPTP formation could be a potential contributor to PVI dysfunction in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- John T O'Brien
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
| | - Sophia P Jalilvand
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
| | - Neha A Suji
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
| | - Rohan K Jupelly
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
| | - Aarron Phensy
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
| | - Juliet M Mwirigi
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
| | - Hajira Elahi
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
| | - Theodore J Price
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
| | - Sven Kroener
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
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7
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Choi J, Kang J, Kim T, Nehs CJ. Sleep, mood disorders, and the ketogenic diet: potential therapeutic targets for bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1358578. [PMID: 38419903 PMCID: PMC10899493 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1358578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Bipolar disorder and schizophrenia are serious psychiatric conditions that cause a significant reduction in quality of life and shortened life expectancy. Treatments including medications and psychosocial support exist, but many people with these disorders still struggle to participate in society and some are resistant to current therapies. Although the exact pathophysiology of bipolar disorder and schizophrenia remains unclear, increasing evidence supports the role of oxidative stress and redox dysregulation as underlying mechanisms. Oxidative stress is an imbalance between the production of reactive oxygen species generated by metabolic processes and antioxidant systems that can cause damage to lipids, proteins, and DNA. Sleep is a critical regulator of metabolic homeostasis and oxidative stress. Disruption of sleep and circadian rhythms contribute to the onset and progression of bipolar disorder and schizophrenia and these disorders often coexist with sleep disorders. Furthermore, sleep deprivation has been associated with increased oxidative stress and worsening mood symptoms. Dysfunctional brain metabolism can be improved by fatty acid derived ketones as the brain readily uses both ketones and glucose as fuel. Ketones have been helpful in many neurological disorders including epilepsy and Alzheimer's disease. Recent clinical trials using the ketogenic diet suggest positive improvement in symptoms for bipolar disorder and schizophrenia as well. The improvement in psychiatric symptoms from the ketogenic diet is thought to be linked, in part, to restoration of mitochondrial function. These findings encourage further randomized controlled clinical trials, as well as biochemical and mechanistic investigation into the role of metabolism and sleep in psychiatric disorders. This narrative review seeks to clarify the intricate relationship between brain metabolism, sleep, and psychiatric disorders. The review will delve into the initial promising effects of the ketogenic diet on mood stability, examining evidence from both human and animal models of bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. The article concludes with a summary of the current state of affairs and encouragement for future research focused on the role of metabolism and sleep in mood disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyoung Choi
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Jiseung Kang
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Tae Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Christa J. Nehs
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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8
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Lee J, Xue X, Au E, McIntyre WB, Asgariroozbehani R, Panganiban K, Tseng GC, Papoulias M, Smith E, Monteiro J, Shah D, Maksyutynska K, Cavalier S, Radoncic E, Prasad F, Agarwal SM, Mccullumsmith R, Freyberg Z, Logan RW, Hahn MK. Glucose dysregulation in antipsychotic-naive first-episode psychosis: in silico exploration of gene expression signatures. Transl Psychiatry 2024; 14:19. [PMID: 38199991 PMCID: PMC10781725 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-023-02716-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Antipsychotic (AP)-naive first-episode psychosis (FEP) patients display early dysglycemia, including insulin resistance and prediabetes. Metabolic dysregulation may therefore be intrinsic to psychosis spectrum disorders (PSDs), independent of the metabolic effects of APs. However, the potential biological pathways that overlap between PSDs and dysglycemic states remain to be identified. Using meta-analytic approaches of transcriptomic datasets, we investigated whether AP-naive FEP patients share overlapping gene expression signatures with non-psychiatrically ill early dysglycemia individuals. We meta-analyzed peripheral transcriptomic datasets of AP-naive FEP patients and non-psychiatrically ill early dysglycemia subjects to identify common gene expression signatures. Common signatures underwent pathway enrichment analysis and were then used to identify potential new pharmacological compounds via Integrative Library of Integrated Network-Based Cellular Signatures (iLINCS). Our search results yielded 5 AP-naive FEP studies and 4 early dysglycemia studies which met inclusion criteria. We discovered that AP-naive FEP and non-psychiatrically ill subjects exhibiting early dysglycemia shared 221 common signatures, which were enriched for pathways related to endoplasmic reticulum stress and abnormal brain energetics. Nine FDA-approved drugs were identified as potential drug treatments, of which the antidiabetic metformin, the first-line treatment for type 2 diabetes, has evidence to attenuate metabolic dysfunction in PSDs. Taken together, our findings support shared gene expression changes and biological pathways associating PSDs with dysglycemic disorders. These data suggest that the pathobiology of PSDs overlaps and potentially contributes to dysglycemia. Finally, we find that metformin may be a potential treatment for early metabolic dysfunction intrinsic to PSDs.
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Grants
- R01 DK124219 NIDDK NIH HHS
- R01 HL150432 NHLBI NIH HHS
- R01 MH107487 NIMH NIH HHS
- R01 MH121102 NIMH NIH HHS
- Holds the Meighen Family Chair in Psychosis Prevention, the Cardy Schizophrenia Research Chair, a Danish Diabetes Academy Professorship, a Steno Diabetes Center Fellowship, and a U of T Academic Scholar Award, and is funded by operating grants from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR), the Banting and Best Diabetes Center, the Miners Lamp U of T award, CIHR and Canadian Psychiatric Association Glenda MacQueen Memorial Award, and the PSI Foundation.
- Hilda and William Courtney Clayton Paediatric Research Fund and Dr. LG Rao/Industrial Partners Graduate Student Award from the University of Toronto, and Meighen Family Chair in Psychosis Prevention
- U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)
- UofT | Banting and Best Diabetes Centre, University of Toronto (BBDC)
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) Canada Graduate Scholarship-Master’s program
- Cleghorn Award
- University of Toronto (UofT)
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (Centre de Toxicomanie et de Santé Mentale)
- U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH)
- U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (National Institute of Diabetes & Digestive & Kidney Diseases)
- U.S. Department of Defense (United States Department of Defense)
- Commonwealth of Pennsylvania Formula Fund, The Pittsburgh Foundation
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiwon Lee
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Xiangning Xue
- Department of Biostatistics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Emily Au
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - William B McIntyre
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Roshanak Asgariroozbehani
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Kristoffer Panganiban
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - George C Tseng
- Department of Biostatistics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - Emily Smith
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Divia Shah
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Kateryna Maksyutynska
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Samantha Cavalier
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Emril Radoncic
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Femin Prasad
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sri Mahavir Agarwal
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Robert Mccullumsmith
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
- ProMedica, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Zachary Freyberg
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Ryan W Logan
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology & Biophysics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Margaret K Hahn
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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9
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Stein A, Zhu C, Du F, Öngür D. Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Studies of Brain Energy Metabolism in Schizophrenia: Progression from Prodrome to Chronic Psychosis. Curr Psychiatry Rep 2023; 25:659-669. [PMID: 37812338 DOI: 10.1007/s11920-023-01457-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Schizophrenia (SZ) is a debilitating mental illness; existing treatments are partially effective and associated with significant side effect burden, largely due to our limited understanding of disease mechanisms and the trajectory of disease progression. Accumulating evidence suggests that metabolic changes associated with glucose metabolism, mitochondrial dysfunction, and redox imbalance play an important role in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. However, the molecular mechanisms associated with these abnormalities in the brains of schizophrenia patients and the ways in which they change over time remain unclear. This paper aims to review the current literature on molecular mechanisms and in vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) studies of impaired energy metabolism in patients at clinical high risk for psychosis, with first-episode SZ, and with chronic SZ. Our review covers research related to high-energy phosphate metabolism, lactate, intracellular pH, redox ratio, and the antioxidant glutathione. RECENT FINDINGS Both first-episode and chronic SZ patients display a significant reduction in creatine kinase reaction activity and redox (NAD + /NADH) ratio in the prefrontal cortex. Chronic, but not first-episode, SZ patients also show a trend toward increased lactate levels and decreased pH value. These findings suggest a progressive shift from oxidative phosphorylation to glycolysis for energy production over the course of SZ, which is associated with redox imbalance and mitochondrial dysfunction. Accumulating evidence indicates that aberrant brain energy metabolism associated with mitochondrial dysfunction and redox imbalance plays a critical role in SZ and will be a promising target for future treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail Stein
- Psychotic Disorders Division, McLean Hospital, Belmont, 02478, USA
- McLean Imaging Center, McLean Hospital, Belmont, 02478, USA
| | - Chenyanwen Zhu
- Psychotic Disorders Division, McLean Hospital, Belmont, 02478, USA
- McLean Imaging Center, McLean Hospital, Belmont, 02478, USA
| | - Fei Du
- Psychotic Disorders Division, McLean Hospital, Belmont, 02478, USA.
- McLean Imaging Center, McLean Hospital, Belmont, 02478, USA.
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Dost Öngür
- Psychotic Disorders Division, McLean Hospital, Belmont, 02478, USA.
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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10
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Rodríguez-Vega A, Dutra-Tavares AC, Souza TP, Semeão KA, Filgueiras CC, Ribeiro-Carvalho A, Manhães AC, Abreu-Villaça Y. Nicotine Exposure in a Phencyclidine-Induced Mice Model of Schizophrenia: Sex-Selective Medial Prefrontal Cortex Protein Markers of the Combined Insults in Adolescent Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14634. [PMID: 37834084 PMCID: PMC10572990 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Tobacco misuse as a comorbidity of schizophrenia is frequently established during adolescence. However, comorbidity markers are still missing. Here, the method of label-free proteomics was used to identify deregulated proteins in the medial prefrontal cortex (prelimbic and infralimbic) of male and female mice modelled to schizophrenia with a history of nicotine exposure during adolescence. Phencyclidine (PCP), used to model schizophrenia (SCHZ), was combined with an established model of nicotine minipump infusions (NIC). The combined insults led to worse outcomes than each insult separately when considering the absolute number of deregulated proteins and that of exclusively deregulated ones. Partially shared Reactome pathways between sexes and between PCP, NIC and PCPNIC groups indicate functional overlaps. Distinctively, proteins differentially expressed exclusively in PCPNIC mice reveal unique effects associated with the comorbidity model. Interactome maps of these proteins identified sex-selective subnetworks, within which some proteins stood out: for females, peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase (Fkbp1a) and heat shock 70 kDa protein 1B (Hspa1b), both components of the oxidative stress subnetwork, and gamma-enolase (Eno2), a component of the energy metabolism subnetwork; and for males, amphiphysin (Amph), a component of the synaptic transmission subnetwork. These are proposed to be further investigated and validated as markers of the combined insult during adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Rodríguez-Vega
- Laboratório de Neurofisiologia, Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro 20550-170, RJ, Brazil; (A.R.-V.); (A.C.D.-T.); (T.P.S.); (K.A.S.); (C.C.F.); (A.C.M.)
| | - Ana Carolina Dutra-Tavares
- Laboratório de Neurofisiologia, Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro 20550-170, RJ, Brazil; (A.R.-V.); (A.C.D.-T.); (T.P.S.); (K.A.S.); (C.C.F.); (A.C.M.)
| | - Thainá P. Souza
- Laboratório de Neurofisiologia, Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro 20550-170, RJ, Brazil; (A.R.-V.); (A.C.D.-T.); (T.P.S.); (K.A.S.); (C.C.F.); (A.C.M.)
| | - Keila A. Semeão
- Laboratório de Neurofisiologia, Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro 20550-170, RJ, Brazil; (A.R.-V.); (A.C.D.-T.); (T.P.S.); (K.A.S.); (C.C.F.); (A.C.M.)
| | - Claudio C. Filgueiras
- Laboratório de Neurofisiologia, Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro 20550-170, RJ, Brazil; (A.R.-V.); (A.C.D.-T.); (T.P.S.); (K.A.S.); (C.C.F.); (A.C.M.)
| | - Anderson Ribeiro-Carvalho
- Departamento de Ciências, Faculdade de Formação de Professores da Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, São Gonçalo 24435-005, RJ, Brazil;
| | - Alex C. Manhães
- Laboratório de Neurofisiologia, Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro 20550-170, RJ, Brazil; (A.R.-V.); (A.C.D.-T.); (T.P.S.); (K.A.S.); (C.C.F.); (A.C.M.)
| | - Yael Abreu-Villaça
- Laboratório de Neurofisiologia, Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro 20550-170, RJ, Brazil; (A.R.-V.); (A.C.D.-T.); (T.P.S.); (K.A.S.); (C.C.F.); (A.C.M.)
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11
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Clemente-Suárez VJ, Redondo-Flórez L, Beltrán-Velasco AI, Ramos-Campo DJ, Belinchón-deMiguel P, Martinez-Guardado I, Dalamitros AA, Yáñez-Sepúlveda R, Martín-Rodríguez A, Tornero-Aguilera JF. Mitochondria and Brain Disease: A Comprehensive Review of Pathological Mechanisms and Therapeutic Opportunities. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2488. [PMID: 37760929 PMCID: PMC10526226 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11092488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria play a vital role in maintaining cellular energy homeostasis, regulating apoptosis, and controlling redox signaling. Dysfunction of mitochondria has been implicated in the pathogenesis of various brain diseases, including neurodegenerative disorders, stroke, and psychiatric illnesses. This review paper provides a comprehensive overview of the intricate relationship between mitochondria and brain disease, focusing on the underlying pathological mechanisms and exploring potential therapeutic opportunities. The review covers key topics such as mitochondrial DNA mutations, impaired oxidative phosphorylation, mitochondrial dynamics, calcium dysregulation, and reactive oxygen species generation in the context of brain disease. Additionally, it discusses emerging strategies targeting mitochondrial dysfunction, including mitochondrial protective agents, metabolic modulators, and gene therapy approaches. By critically analysing the existing literature and recent advancements, this review aims to enhance our understanding of the multifaceted role of mitochondria in brain disease and shed light on novel therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicente Javier Clemente-Suárez
- Faculty of Sports Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Tajo Street, s/n, 28670 Madrid, Spain; (V.J.C.-S.); (J.F.T.-A.)
- Group de Investigación en Cultura, Educación y Sociedad, Universidad de la Costa, Barranquilla 080002, Colombia
| | - Laura Redondo-Flórez
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, C/Tajo s/n, Villaviciosa de Odón, 28670 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Isabel Beltrán-Velasco
- Psychology Department, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida y la Naturaleza, Universidad Antonio de Nebrija, 28240 Madrid, Spain
| | - Domingo Jesús Ramos-Campo
- LFE Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Science-INEF, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Pedro Belinchón-deMiguel
- Department of Nursing and Nutrition, Faculty of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, 28670 Villaviciosa de Odón, Spain;
| | | | - Athanasios A. Dalamitros
- Laboratory of Evaluation of Human Biological Performance, School of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Rodrigo Yáñez-Sepúlveda
- Faculty of Education and Social Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Viña del Mar 2520000, Chile;
| | - Alexandra Martín-Rodríguez
- Faculty of Sports Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Tajo Street, s/n, 28670 Madrid, Spain; (V.J.C.-S.); (J.F.T.-A.)
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12
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Brown BC, Wang C, Kasela S, Aguet F, Nachun DC, Taylor KD, Tracy RP, Durda P, Liu Y, Johnson WC, Van Den Berg D, Gupta N, Gabriel S, Smith JD, Gerzsten R, Clish C, Wong Q, Papanicolau G, Blackwell TW, Rotter JI, Rich SS, Barr RG, Ardlie KG, Knowles DA, Lappalainen T. Multiset correlation and factor analysis enables exploration of multi-omics data. CELL GENOMICS 2023; 3:100359. [PMID: 37601969 PMCID: PMC10435377 DOI: 10.1016/j.xgen.2023.100359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Multi-omics datasets are becoming more common, necessitating better integration methods to realize their revolutionary potential. Here, we introduce multi-set correlation and factor analysis (MCFA), an unsupervised integration method tailored to the unique challenges of high-dimensional genomics data that enables fast inference of shared and private factors. We used MCFA to integrate methylation markers, protein expression, RNA expression, and metabolite levels in 614 diverse samples from the Trans-Omics for Precision Medicine/Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis multi-omics pilot. Samples cluster strongly by ancestry in the shared space, even in the absence of genetic information, while private spaces frequently capture dataset-specific technical variation. Finally, we integrated genetic data by conducting a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of our inferred factors, observing that several factors are enriched for GWAS hits and trans-expression quantitative trait loci. Two of these factors appear to be related to metabolic disease. Our study provides a foundation and framework for further integrative analysis of ever larger multi-modal genomic datasets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brielin C. Brown
- New York Genome Center, New York, NY, USA
- Data Science Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Collin Wang
- New York Genome Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Computer Science, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Silva Kasela
- New York Genome Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - François Aguet
- Illumina Incorporated, San Francisco, CA, USA
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Kent D. Taylor
- Department of Pediatrics, The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Russell P. Tracy
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Peter Durda
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Yongmei Liu
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - W. Craig Johnson
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - David Van Den Berg
- Department of Clinical Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Namrata Gupta
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stacy Gabriel
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joshua D. Smith
- Northwest Genomics Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Robert Gerzsten
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Clary Clish
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Quenna Wong
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - George Papanicolau
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Thomas W. Blackwell
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jerome I. Rotter
- Department of Pediatrics, The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Stephen S. Rich
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - R. Graham Barr
- Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - David A. Knowles
- New York Genome Center, New York, NY, USA
- Data Science Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Computer Science, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tuuli Lappalainen
- New York Genome Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Gene Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
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13
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Zhuo C, Tian H, Chen G, Ping J, Yang L, Li C, Zhang Q, Wang L, Mac X, Li R, Sun Y, Song X, Chen L. Low-dose lithium mono- and adjunctive therapies improve MK-801-induced cognitive impairment and schizophrenia-like behavior in mice - Evidence from altered prefrontal lobe Ca 2+ activity. J Affect Disord 2023:S0165-0327(23)00709-7. [PMID: 37244539 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.05.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few studies have evaluated lithium either as monotherapy or in combination with anti-psychotic agents to improve cognition in murine models of schizophrenia. METHODS Visualization of Ca2+ activity in the prefrontal cortex was used to characterize brain neural activity. Novel object recognition (NOR), Morris water maze (MWM), and fear conditioning (FCT) tests were used to characterize cognitive performance; while pre-pulse inhibition (PPI), elevated plus maze (EPM) and the open field test (OFT) were used to characterize schizophrenia-like behavior. RESULTS A 28-day course of low-dose lithium (human equivalent dose of 250 mg/day) combined with moderate-dose quetiapine (human equivalent dose of 600 mg/day) improved Ca2+ ratio by 70.10 %, PPI by 69.28 %, NOR by 70.09 %, MWM by 71.28 %, FCT by 68.56 %, EPM by 70.95 % and OFT by 75.23 % compared to the results of positive controls. Unexpectedly, moderate-dose lithium (human equivalent dose of 500 mg/day) used either as monotherapy or as an adjunct with quetiapine worsened Ca2+ activity, PPI, MWM, FCT, EPM, and OPT. LIMITATIONS Our study cannot explain the contrasting positive and negative effects of low-dose and moderate-dose lithium, respectively, when used either as monotherapies or as adjuncts. Further studies, especially Western blotting, may reveal molecular mechanisms of action. CONCLUSIONS Low-dose lithium (human equivalent dose of 250 mg/day) combined with moderate-dose quetiapine (human equivalent dose of 600 mg/day) provided the best improvements. Furthermore, benefits persisted for 14 days post-treatment. Our data provide directions for further research of therapeutic alternatives to mitigate schizophrenia-related cognopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanjun Zhuo
- Animal Micro-imaging Center (AMC) of TJ4CH-WZ7PH Joint Mental Health Institute, Wenzhou Seventh Peoples Hospital, Wenzhou 325000, China; Key Laboratory of Sensory Information Processing Abnormalities in Schizophrenia (SIPAS-Lab), Tianjin Fourth Center Hospital, Nankai University Affiliated Tianjin Fourth Center Hospital, Tianjin Medical University Affiliated Tianjin Fourth Center Hospital, Tianjin 300140, China; Laboratory of Psychiatric-Neuroimaging-Genetic and Co-morbidity (PNGC-Lab), Tianjin Mental Health Center of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Tianjin 300222, China; Department of Psychiatry, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; Henan International Joint Laboratory of Biological Psychiatry, Zhengzhou, China; Henan Psychiatric Transformation Research Key Laboratory, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China.
| | - Hongjun Tian
- Key Laboratory of Sensory Information Processing Abnormalities in Schizophrenia (SIPAS-Lab), Tianjin Fourth Center Hospital, Nankai University Affiliated Tianjin Fourth Center Hospital, Tianjin Medical University Affiliated Tianjin Fourth Center Hospital, Tianjin 300140, China
| | - Guangdong Chen
- Animal Micro-imaging Center (AMC) of TJ4CH-WZ7PH Joint Mental Health Institute, Wenzhou Seventh Peoples Hospital, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Jing Ping
- Animal Micro-imaging Center (AMC) of TJ4CH-WZ7PH Joint Mental Health Institute, Wenzhou Seventh Peoples Hospital, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Sensory Information Processing Abnormalities in Schizophrenia (SIPAS-Lab), Tianjin Fourth Center Hospital, Nankai University Affiliated Tianjin Fourth Center Hospital, Tianjin Medical University Affiliated Tianjin Fourth Center Hospital, Tianjin 300140, China
| | - Chao Li
- Key Laboratory of Sensory Information Processing Abnormalities in Schizophrenia (SIPAS-Lab), Tianjin Fourth Center Hospital, Nankai University Affiliated Tianjin Fourth Center Hospital, Tianjin Medical University Affiliated Tianjin Fourth Center Hospital, Tianjin 300140, China
| | - Qiuyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Sensory Information Processing Abnormalities in Schizophrenia (SIPAS-Lab), Tianjin Fourth Center Hospital, Nankai University Affiliated Tianjin Fourth Center Hospital, Tianjin Medical University Affiliated Tianjin Fourth Center Hospital, Tianjin 300140, China
| | - Lina Wang
- Laboratory of Psychiatric-Neuroimaging-Genetic and Co-morbidity (PNGC-Lab), Tianjin Mental Health Center of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Tianjin 300222, China
| | - Xiaoyan Mac
- Laboratory of Psychiatric-Neuroimaging-Genetic and Co-morbidity (PNGC-Lab), Tianjin Mental Health Center of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Tianjin 300222, China
| | - Ranli Li
- Laboratory of Psychiatric-Neuroimaging-Genetic and Co-morbidity (PNGC-Lab), Tianjin Mental Health Center of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Tianjin 300222, China
| | - Yun Sun
- Laboratory of Psychiatric-Neuroimaging-Genetic and Co-morbidity (PNGC-Lab), Tianjin Mental Health Center of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Tianjin 300222, China
| | - Xueqin Song
- Department of Psychiatry, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; Henan International Joint Laboratory of Biological Psychiatry, Zhengzhou, China; Henan Psychiatric Transformation Research Key Laboratory, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Langlang Chen
- Animal Micro-imaging Center (AMC) of TJ4CH-WZ7PH Joint Mental Health Institute, Wenzhou Seventh Peoples Hospital, Wenzhou 325000, China
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14
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Schulmann A, Marenco S, Vawter MP, Akula N, Limon A, Mandal A, Auluck PK, Patel Y, Lipska BK, McMahon FJ. Antipsychotic drug use complicates assessment of gene expression changes associated with schizophrenia. Transl Psychiatry 2023; 13:93. [PMID: 36932057 PMCID: PMC10023659 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-023-02392-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent postmortem transcriptomic studies of schizophrenia (SCZ) have shown hundreds of differentially expressed genes. However, the extent to which these gene expression changes reflect antipsychotic drug (APD) exposure remains uncertain. We compared differential gene expression in the prefrontal cortex of SCZ patients who tested positive for APDs at the time of death with SCZ patients who did not. APD exposure was associated with numerous changes in the brain transcriptome, especially among SCZ patients on atypical APDs. Brain transcriptome data from macaques chronically treated with APDs showed that APDs affect the expression of many functionally relevant genes, some of which show expression changes in the same directions as those observed in SCZ. Co-expression modules enriched for synaptic function showed convergent patterns between SCZ and some of the APD effects, while those associated with inflammation and glucose metabolism exhibited predominantly divergent patterns between SCZ and APD effects. In contrast, major cell-type shifts inferred in SCZ were primarily unaffected by APD use. These results show that APDs may confound SCZ-associated gene expression changes in postmortem brain tissue. Disentangling these effects will help identify causal genes and improve our neurobiological understanding of SCZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton Schulmann
- Human Genetics Branch, National Institute of Mental Health Intramural Research Program, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Stefano Marenco
- Human Brain Collection Core, National Institute of Mental Health Intramural Research Program, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Marquis P Vawter
- Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry & Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Nirmala Akula
- Human Genetics Branch, National Institute of Mental Health Intramural Research Program, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Agenor Limon
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Ajeet Mandal
- Human Brain Collection Core, National Institute of Mental Health Intramural Research Program, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Pavan K Auluck
- Human Brain Collection Core, National Institute of Mental Health Intramural Research Program, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yash Patel
- Human Brain Collection Core, National Institute of Mental Health Intramural Research Program, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Barbara K Lipska
- Human Brain Collection Core, National Institute of Mental Health Intramural Research Program, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Francis J McMahon
- Human Genetics Branch, National Institute of Mental Health Intramural Research Program, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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15
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Neurotoxic/Neuroprotective Effects of Clozapine and the Positive Allosteric Modulator of mGluR2 JNJ-46356479 in Human Neuroblastoma Cell Cultures. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032054. [PMID: 36768378 PMCID: PMC9916793 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Current antipsychotics (APs) effectively control positive psychotic symptoms, mainly by blocking dopamine (DA) D2 receptors, but have little effect on negative and cognitive symptoms. Increased glutamate (GLU) release would trigger neurotoxicity, leading to apoptosis and synaptic pruning, which is involved in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. New pharmacological strategies are being developed such as positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) of the metabotropic GLU receptor 2 (mGluR2) that inhibit the presynaptic release of GLU. We previously reported that treatment of adult mice with JNJ-46356479 (JNJ), a recently developed mGluR2 PAM, partially improved neuropathological deficits and schizophrenia-like behavior in a postnatal ketamine mouse model. In the present study, we evaluated, for the first time, the putative neuroprotective and antiapoptotic activity of JNJ in a human neuroblastoma cell line and compared it with the effect of clozapine (CLZ) as a clinical AP with the highest efficacy and with apparent utility in managing negative symptoms. Specifically, we measured changes in cell viability, caspase 3 activity and apoptosis, as well as in the expression of key genes involved in survival and cell death, produced by CLZ and JNJ alone and in combination with a high DA or GLU concentration as apoptosis inducers. Our results suggest that JNJ is not neurotoxic and attenuates apoptosis, particularly by decreasing the caspase 3 activation induced by DA and GLU, as well as increasing and decreasing the number of viable and apoptotic cells, respectively, only when cultures were exposed to GLU. Its effects seem to be less neurotoxic and more neuroprotective than those observed with CLZ. Moreover, JNJ partially normalized altered expression levels of glycolytic genes, which could act as a protective factor and be related to its putative neuroprotective effect. More studies are needed to define the mechanisms of action of this GLU modulator and its potential to become a novel therapeutic agent for schizophrenia.
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16
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The Association of the Oral Microbiota with the Effects of Acid Stress Induced by an Increase of Brain Lactate in Schizophrenia Patients. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11020240. [PMID: 36830777 PMCID: PMC9953675 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11020240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The altered cerebral energy metabolism central to schizophrenia can be linked to lactate accumulation. Lactic acid is produced by gastrointestinal bacteria, among others, and readily crosses the blood-brain barrier, leading to the brain acidity. This study aimed to examine the association of the oral microbiota with the effects of acid stress induced by an increase of brain lactate in schizophrenia patients. The study included patients with a diagnosis of acute polyphasic psychotic disorder meeting criteria for schizophrenia at 3-month follow-up. Results: Individuals with a significantly higher total score on the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale had statistically significantly lower lactate concentrations compared to those with a lower total score and higher brain lactate. We observed a positive correlation between Actinomyces and lactate levels in the anterior cingulate cap and a negative correlation between bacteria associated with lactate metabolism and some clinical assessment scales. Conclusions: Shifts in the oral microbiota in favour of lactate-utilising bacterial genera may represent a compensatory mechanism in response to increased lactate production in the brain. Assessment of neuronal function mediated by ALA-LAC-dependent NMDA regulatory mechanisms may, thus, support new therapies for schizophrenia, for which acidosis has become a differentiating feature of individuals with schizophrenia endophenotypes.
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17
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Omori NE, Malys MK, Woo G, Mansor L. Exploring the role of ketone bodies in the diagnosis and treatment of psychiatric disorders. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1142682. [PMID: 37139329 PMCID: PMC10149735 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1142682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent times, advances in the field of metabolomics have shed greater light on the role of metabolic disturbances in neuropsychiatric conditions. The following review explores the role of ketone bodies and ketosis in both the diagnosis and treatment of three major psychiatric disorders: major depressive disorder, anxiety disorders, and schizophrenia. Distinction is made between the potential therapeutic effects of the ketogenic diet and exogenous ketone preparations, as exogenous ketones in particular offer a standardized, reproducible manner for inducing ketosis. Compelling associations between symptoms of mental distress and dysregulation in central nervous system ketone metabolism have been demonstrated in preclinical studies with putative neuroprotective effects of ketone bodies being elucidated, including effects on inflammasomes and the promotion of neurogenesis in the central nervous system. Despite emerging pre-clinical data, clinical research on ketone body effectiveness as a treatment option for psychiatric disorders remains lacking. This gap in understanding warrants further investigating, especially considering that safe and acceptable ways of inducing ketosis are readily available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi Elyse Omori
- Health Via Modern Nutrition Inc. (H.V.M.N.), San Francisco, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: Naomi Elyse Omori,
| | - Mantas Kazimieras Malys
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Geoffrey Woo
- Health Via Modern Nutrition Inc. (H.V.M.N.), San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Latt Mansor
- Health Via Modern Nutrition Inc. (H.V.M.N.), San Francisco, CA, United States
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18
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McCullumsmith RE, Rowland LM. Postmortem, in silico, and clinical studies focused on perturbations of glutamate neurobiology in schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2022; 249:1-3. [PMID: 36088176 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2022.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert E McCullumsmith
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, USA; Neurosciences Institute, ProMedica, Toledo, OH, USA.
| | - Laura M Rowland
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland Baltimore, Baltimore, MD, USA
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19
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Liu J, Yu W, Pan R, He Y, Wu Y, Yan S, Yi W, Li X, Song R, Yuan J, Liu L, Wei N, Jin X, Li Y, Liang Y, Sun X, Mei L, Song J, Cheng J, Su H. Association between sequential extreme precipitation-heatwaves events and hospitalizations for schizophrenia: The damage amplification effects of sequential extremes. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 214:114143. [PMID: 35998693 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In the context of frequent global extreme weather events, there are few studies on the effects of sequential extreme precipitation (EP) and heatwaves (HW) events on schizophrenia. We aimed to quantify the effects of the events on hospitalizations for schizophrenia and compare them with EP and HW alone to explore the amplification effect of successive extremes on health loss. METHODS A time-series Poisson regression model combined with a distributed lag non-linear model was applied to estimate the association between sequential EP and HW events (EP-HW) and schizophrenia hospitalizations. The effects of EP-HW with different intervals and intensities on the admission of schizophrenia were compared. In addition, we calculated the mean attributable fraction (AF) and attributable numbers (AN) per exposure of extreme events to reflect the amplification effect of sequential extreme events on health hazards compared with individual extreme events. RESULTS EP-HW increased the risk of hospitalization for schizophrenia, with significant effects lasting from lag0 (RR and 95% CI: 1.150 (1.041-1.271)) to lag11 (1.046 (1.000-1.094)). Significant associations were found in the subgroups of male, female, married people, and those aged≥ 40 years old. Shorter-interval (0-3days) or higher-intensity EP-HW (both precipitation ≥ P97.5 and mean temperature ≥ P97.5) had a longer lag effect compared to EP-HW with longer intervals or lower intensity. We found that the mean AF and AN caused by each exposure to EP-HW (AF: 0.074% (0.015%-0.123%); AN: 4.284 (0.862-7.118)) were higher than those induced by each exposure to HW occurring alone (AF:0.032% (0.004%-0.058%); AN:1.845 (0.220-3.329)). CONCLUSIONS Sequential extreme precipitation-heatwaves events significantly increase the risk of hospitalizations for schizophrenia, with greater impact and disease burden than independently occurring extremes. The impact of consecutive extremes is supposed to be considered in local sector early warning systems for comprehensive public health decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jintao Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Disease, China
| | - Wenping Yu
- Department of Geriatrics, Shandong Daizhuang Hospital, China
| | - Rubing Pan
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Disease, China
| | - Yangyang He
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Disease, China
| | - Yudong Wu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Disease, China
| | - Shuangshuang Yan
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Disease, China
| | - Weizhuo Yi
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Disease, China
| | - Xuanxuan Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Disease, China
| | - Rong Song
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Disease, China
| | - Jiajun Yuan
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Disease, China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Disease, China
| | - Ning Wei
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Disease, China
| | - Xiaoyu Jin
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Disease, China
| | - Yuxuan Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Disease, China
| | - Yunfeng Liang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Disease, China
| | - Xiaoni Sun
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Disease, China
| | - Lu Mei
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Disease, China
| | - Jian Song
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Disease, China
| | - Jian Cheng
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Disease, China
| | - Hong Su
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Disease, China.
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20
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Zaki JK, Lago SG, Rustogi N, Gangadin SS, Benacek J, van Rees GF, Haenisch F, Broek JA, Suarez-Pinilla P, Ruland T, Auyeung B, Mikova O, Kabacs N, Arolt V, Baron-Cohen S, Crespo-Facorro B, Drexhage HA, de Witte LD, Kahn RS, Sommer IE, Bahn S, Tomasik J. Diagnostic model development for schizophrenia based on peripheral blood mononuclear cell subtype-specific expression of metabolic markers. Transl Psychiatry 2022; 12:457. [PMID: 36310155 PMCID: PMC9618570 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-022-02229-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A significant proportion of the personal and economic burden of schizophrenia can be attributed to the late diagnosis or misdiagnosis of the disorder. A novel, objective diagnostic approaches could facilitate the early detection and treatment of schizophrenia and improve patient outcomes. In the present study, we aimed to identify robust schizophrenia-specific blood biomarkers, with the goal of developing an accurate diagnostic model. The levels of selected serum and peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) markers relevant to metabolic and immune function were measured in healthy controls (n = 26) and recent-onset schizophrenia patients (n = 36) using multiplexed immunoassays and flow cytometry. Analysis of covariance revealed significant upregulation of insulin receptor (IR) and fatty acid translocase (CD36) levels in T helper cells (F = 10.75, P = 0.002, Q = 0.024 and F = 21.58, P = 2.8 × 10-5, Q = 0.0004, respectively), as well as downregulation of glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) expression in monocytes (F = 21.46, P = 2.9 × 10-5, Q = 0.0004). The most robust predictors, monocyte GLUT1 and T helper cell CD36, were used to develop a diagnostic model, which showed a leave-one-out cross-validated area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.78 (95% CI: 0.66-0.92). The diagnostic model was validated in two independent datasets. The model was able to distinguish first-onset, drug-naïve schizophrenia patients (n = 34) from healthy controls (n = 39) with an AUC of 0.75 (95% CI: 0.64-0.86), and also differentiated schizophrenia patients (n = 22) from patients with other neuropsychiatric conditions, including bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder and autism spectrum disorder (n = 68), with an AUC of 0.83 (95% CI: 0.75-0.92). These findings indicate that PBMC-derived biomarkers have the potential to support an accurate and objective differential diagnosis of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihan K. Zaki
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Santiago G. Lago
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nitin Rustogi
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Shiral S. Gangadin
- grid.4830.f0000 0004 0407 1981Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells & Systems, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jiri Benacek
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Geertje F. van Rees
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Frieder Haenisch
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jantine A. Broek
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Paula Suarez-Pinilla
- grid.7821.c0000 0004 1770 272XDepartment of Psychiatry, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, IDIVAL, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain ,grid.469673.90000 0004 5901 7501Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Santander, Spain
| | - Tillmann Ruland
- grid.16149.3b0000 0004 0551 4246University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Bonnie Auyeung
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Autism Research Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Olya Mikova
- Foundation Biological Psychiatry, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Nikolett Kabacs
- grid.450563.10000 0004 0412 9303Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Volker Arolt
- grid.16149.3b0000 0004 0551 4246University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Simon Baron-Cohen
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Autism Research Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Benedicto Crespo-Facorro
- grid.7821.c0000 0004 1770 272XDepartment of Psychiatry, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, IDIVAL, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain ,grid.469673.90000 0004 5901 7501Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Santander, Spain ,grid.411109.c0000 0000 9542 1158Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University Hospital Virgen del Rocio, IBiS, Sevilla, Spain ,grid.469673.90000 0004 5901 7501Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Sevilla, Spain
| | - Hemmo A. Drexhage
- grid.5645.2000000040459992XDepartment of Immunology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lot D. de Witte
- grid.59734.3c0000 0001 0670 2351Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA
| | - René S. Kahn
- grid.59734.3c0000 0001 0670 2351Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA ,grid.7692.a0000000090126352Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Iris E. Sommer
- grid.4830.f0000 0004 0407 1981Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells & Systems, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands ,grid.4494.d0000 0000 9558 4598Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sabine Bahn
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Jakub Tomasik
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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21
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Saito ER, Warren CE, Hanegan CM, Larsen JG, du Randt JD, Cannon M, Saito JY, Campbell RJ, Kemberling CM, Miller GS, Edwards JG, Bikman BT. A Novel Ketone-Supplemented Diet Improves Recognition Memory and Hippocampal Mitochondrial Efficiency in Healthy Adult Mice. Metabolites 2022; 12:1019. [PMID: 36355101 PMCID: PMC9693360 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12111019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction and cognitive impairment are common symptoms in many neurologic and psychiatric disorders, as well as nonpathological aging. Ketones have been suggested as therapeutic for their efficacy in epilepsy and other brain pathologies such as Alzheimer's disease and major depressive disorder. However, their effects on cognitive function in healthy individuals is less established. Here, we explored the mitochondrial and performative outcomes of a novel eight-week ketone-supplemented ketogenic (KETO) diet in healthy adult male and female mice. In a novel object recognition test, KETO mice spent more time with the novel, compared to familiar, object, indicating an improvement in recognition memory. High-resolution respirometry on permeabilized hippocampal tissue returned significant reductions in mitochondrial O2 consumption. No changes in ATP production were observed, yielding a significantly higher ATP:O2 ratio, a measure of mitochondrial efficiency. Together, these findings demonstrate the KETO diet improves hippocampal mitochondrial efficiency. They add to a growing body of evidence that suggests ketones and ketogenic diets are neuroprotective and metabolically and cognitively relevant, even in healthy adults. They also suggest that ketogenic lifestyle changes may be effective strategies for protecting against cognitive decline associated with aging and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Benjamin T. Bikman
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
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22
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Wang X, Xiu M, Wang K, Su X, Li X, Wu F. Plasma linoelaidyl carnitine levels positively correlated with symptom improvement in olanzapine-treated first-episode drug-naïve schizophrenia. Metabolomics 2022; 18:50. [PMID: 35819637 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-022-01909-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Olanzapine (OLA) is one of the most commonly used second-generation antipsychotics for the treatment of schizophrenia. However, the heterogeneity of therapeutic response to OLA among schizophrenia patients deserves further exploration. The role of carnitine in the clinical response to OLA monotherapy remains unclear. OBJECTIVES The current study was designed to investigate whether carnitine and its derivatives are linked to the response to OLA treatment. Drug-naïve first-episode patients with schizophrenia were recruited and treated with OLA for 4 weeks. Psychiatric symptoms were assessed using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) in pre and post treatment. RESULTS After treatment, we found a significant decrease in 2-Octenoylcarnitine levels and a significant increase in linoelaidyl carnitine, 11Z-Octadecenylcarnitine and 9-Decenoylcarnitine levels. Furthermore, baseline linoelaidyl carnitine levels were correlated with the reduction of PANSS positive symptom subscore. Linear regression and logistic regression analyses found that the baseline linoelaidyl carnitine level was a predictive marker for the therapeutic response to OLA monotherapy for 4 weeks. CONCLUSION Our pilot study suggests that linoelaidyl carnitine levels at baseline may have a predictive role for the improvement of positive symptoms after OLA monotherapy in the patients with schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Wang
- Hebei Province Veterans Hospital, Baoding, China
| | - Meihong Xiu
- Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Keqiang Wang
- Hebei Province Veterans Hospital, Baoding, China
| | - Xiuru Su
- Hebei Province Veterans Hospital, Baoding, China
| | - Xirong Li
- Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Fengchun Wu
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Liwan District, Guangzhou, 510370, China.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Guangzhou Medical University, Liwan District, Guangzhou, 510370, China.
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine of Mental Disorders, Liwan District, Guangzhou, 510370, China.
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23
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The Role of Ketogenic Metabolic Therapy on the Brain in Serious Mental Illness: A Review. JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY AND BRAIN SCIENCE 2022; 7:e220009. [PMID: 36483840 PMCID: PMC9728807 DOI: 10.20900/jpbs.20220009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In search of interventions targeting brain dysfunction and underlying cognitive impairment in schizophrenia, we look at the brain and beyond to the potential role of dysfunctional systemic metabolism on neural network instability and insulin resistance in serious mental illness. We note that disrupted insulin and cerebral glucose metabolism are seen even in medication-naïve first-episode schizophrenia, suggesting that people with schizophrenia are at risk for Type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease, resulting in a shortened life span. Although glucose is the brain's default fuel, ketones are a more efficient fuel for the brain. We highlight evidence that a ketogenic diet can improve both the metabolic and neural stability profiles. Specifically, a ketogenic diet improves mitochondrial metabolism, neurotransmitter function, oxidative stress/inflammation, while also increasing neural network stability and cognitive function. To reverse the neurodegenerative process, increasing the brain's access to ketone bodies may be needed. We describe evidence that metabolic, neuroprotective, and neurochemical benefits of a ketogenic diet potentially provide symptomatic relief to people with schizophrenia while also improving their cardiovascular or metabolic health. We review evidence for KD side effects and note that although high in fat it improves various cardiovascular and metabolic risk markers in overweight/obese individuals. We conclude by calling for controlled clinical trials to confirm or refute the findings from anecdotal and case reports to address the potential beneficial effects of the ketogenic diet in people with serious mental illness.
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24
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Jiang Y, Sun X, Hu M, Zhang L, Zhao N, Shen Y, Yu S, Huang J, Li H, Yu W. Plasma metabolomics of schizophrenia with cognitive impairment: A pilot study. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:950602. [PMID: 36245866 PMCID: PMC9554540 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.950602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia (SCZ) acts as a complex and burdensome disease, in which the functional outcome can be validly predicted by cognitive impairment, as one of the core features. However, there still lack considerable markers of cognitive deficits in SCZ. Based on metabolomics, it is expected to identify different metabolic characteristics of SCZ with cognitive impairment. In the present study, 17 SCZ patients with cognitive impairment (CI), 17 matched SCZ patients with cognitive normal (CN), and 20 healthy control subjects (HC) were recruited, whose plasma metabolites were measured using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). The result of metabolic profiling indicated the identification of 46 differentially expressed metabolites between HC, CN, and CI groups, with 7 differentially expressed metabolites between CN and CI groups. Four differential metabolites (imidazolepropionic acid, Homoserine, and Aspartic acid) were repeatedly found in both screenings, by which the formed biomarker panel could discriminate SCZ with cognitive impairment from matched patients (AUC = 0.974) and health control (AUC = 0.841), respectively. Several significant metabolic pathways were highlighted in pathway analysis, involving Alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism, D-glutamine and D-glutamate metabolism, and Citrate cycle (TCA cycle). In this study, several differentially expressed metabolites were identified in SCZ with cognitive impairment, providing novel insights into clinical treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihe Jiang
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiujia Sun
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Miaowen Hu
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Nan Zhao
- Shanghai Pudong New Area Mental Health Center, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yifeng Shen
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Mental Health, Shanghai, China
| | - Shunying Yu
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingjing Huang
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Huafang Li
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Mental Health, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenjuan Yu
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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