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Zhang C, Zeng M, Xu Y, Huang B, Shi P, Zhu X, Cao Y. S100A6 mediated epithelial-mesenchymal transition affects chemosensitivity of colorectal cancer to oxaliplatin. Gene 2024; 914:148406. [PMID: 38521111 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2024.148406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the mechanism by which S100 calcium-binding protein A6 (S100A6) affects colorectal cancer (CRC) cells to oxaliplatin (L-OHP) chemotherapy, and to explore new strategies for CRC treatment. METHODS S100A6 expression was assessed in both parental and L-OHP-resistant CRC cells using western blotting, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). Lentiviral vectors were utilized to induce the knockdown of S100A6 expression, followed by comprehensive evaluations of cell proliferation, apoptosis, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Additionally, RNA-seq analysis was conducted to identify genes associated with the knockdown of S100A6. RESULTS Elevated S100A6 expression in CRC tissues correlated with an adverse prognosis in patients with CRC. Higher expression of S100A6 was also observed in L-OHP-resistant CRC cells, which showed enhanced proliferation, migration, invasion, and antiapoptotic capabilities. Notably, the knockdown of S100A6 expression resulted in decreased proliferation, increased apoptosis, and suppression of EMT and tumorigenicity in L-OHP-resistant CRC cells. Transcriptome sequencing reveals a noteworthy association between S100A6 and vimentin expression. Application of the EMT agonist, transforming growth factor β (TGF-β), induces EMT in CRC cells. S100A6 expression positively correlates with TGF-β expression. TGF-β facilitated the expression of EMT-related molecules and reduced the chemosensitivity of L-OHP in S100A6-knockdown cells. CONCLUSION In conclusion, the knockdown of S100A6 may overcome the L-OHP resistance of CRC cells by modulating EMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunying Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Menglu Zeng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynaecology and Paediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yihan Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Bihan Huang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Pengchong Shi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xianjin Zhu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China.
| | - Yingping Cao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China.
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2
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Pellecchia S, Franchini M, Viscido G, Arnese R, Gambardella G. Single cell lineage tracing reveals clonal dynamics of anti-EGFR therapy resistance in triple negative breast cancer. Genome Med 2024; 16:55. [PMID: 38605363 PMCID: PMC11008053 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-024-01327-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most primary Triple Negative Breast Cancers (TNBCs) show amplification of the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) gene, leading to increased protein expression. However, unlike other EGFR-driven cancers, targeting this receptor in TNBC yields inconsistent therapeutic responses. METHODS To elucidate the underlying mechanisms of this variability, we employ cellular barcoding and single-cell transcriptomics to reconstruct the subclonal dynamics of EGFR-amplified TNBC cells in response to afatinib, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) that irreversibly inhibits EGFR. RESULTS Integrated lineage tracing analysis revealed a rare pre-existing subpopulation of cells with distinct biological signature, including elevated expression levels of Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 2 (IGFBP2). We show that IGFBP2 overexpression is sufficient to render TNBC cells tolerant to afatinib treatment by activating the compensatory insulin-like growth factor I receptor (IGF1-R) signalling pathway. Finally, based on reconstructed mechanisms of resistance, we employ deep learning techniques to predict the afatinib sensitivity of TNBC cells. CONCLUSIONS Our strategy proved effective in reconstructing the complex signalling network driving EGFR-targeted therapy resistance, offering new insights for the development of individualized treatment strategies in TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Pellecchia
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Naples, Italy
- Scuola Superiore Meridionale, Genomics and Experimental Medicine Program, Naples, Italy
| | - Melania Franchini
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Naples, Italy
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Gaetano Viscido
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Naples, Italy
- Department of Chemical, Materials and Industrial Engineering , University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Riccardo Arnese
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Naples, Italy
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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3
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McDonald PC, Dedhar S. Persister cell plasticity in tumour drug resistance. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2024; 156:1-10. [PMID: 37977107 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2023.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of therapeutic resistance remains a formidable barrier to durable responses by cancer patients and is a major cause of cancer-related deaths. It is increasingly recognized that non-genetic mechanisms of acquired resistance are important in many cancers. These mechanisms of resistance rely on inherent cellular plasticity where cancer cells can switch between multiple phenotypic states without genetic alterations, providing a dynamic, reversible resistance landscape. Such mechanisms underlie the generation of drug-tolerant persister (DTP) cells, a subpopulation of tumour cells that contributes to heterogeneity within tumours and that supports therapeutic resistance. In this review, we provide an overview of the major features of DTP cells, focusing on phenotypic and metabolic plasticity as two key drivers of tolerance and persistence. We discuss the link between DTP cell plasticity and the potential vulnerability of these cells to ferroptosis. We also discuss the relationship between DTP cells and cells that survive the induction of apoptosis, a process termed anastasis, and discuss the properties of such cells in the context of increased metastatic potential and sensitivity to cell death mechanisms such as ferroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul C McDonald
- Department of Integrative Oncology, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Shoukat Dedhar
- Department of Integrative Oncology, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada.
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4
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Shi C, Wang C, Fu Z, Liu J, Zhou Y, Cheng B, Zhang C, Li S, Zhang Y. Lipocalin 2 (LCN2) confers acquired resistance to almonertinib in NSCLC through LCN2-MMP-9 signaling pathway. Pharmacol Res 2024; 201:107088. [PMID: 38295916 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
Almonertinib, a third-generation epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor, is highly selective for EGFR-activating mutations as well as the EGFR T790M mutation in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, the development of resistance inevitably occurs and poses a major obstacle to the clinical efficacy of almonertinib. Therefore, a clear understanding of the mechanism is of great significance to overcome drug resistance to almonertinib in the future. In this study, NCI-H1975 cell lines resistant to almonertinib (NCI-H1975 AR) were developed by concentration-increasing induction and were employed for clarification of underlying mechanisms of acquired resistance. Through RNA-seq analysis, the HIF-1 and TGF-β signaling pathways were significantly enriched by gene set enrichment analysis. Lipocalin-2 (LCN2), as the core node in these two signaling pathways, were found to be positively correlated to almonertinib-resistance in NSCLC cells. The function of LCN2 in the drug resistance of almonertinib was investigated through knockdown and overexpression assays in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, matrix metalloproteinases-9 (MMP-9) was further identified as a critical downstream effector of LCN2 signaling, which is regulated via the LCN2-MMP-9 axis. Pharmacological inhibition of MMP-9 could overcome resistance to almonertinib, as evidenced in both in vitro and in vivo models. Our findings suggest that LCN2 was a crucial regulator for conferring almonertinib-resistance in NSCLC and demonstrate the potential utility of targeting the LCN2-MMP-9 axis for clinical treatment of almonertinib-resistant lung adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Shi
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Precision Medicine for Critical Illness, Wuhan, China
| | - Cong Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhiwen Fu
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jinmei Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuanfeng Zhou
- Department of Preclinical Translational Science, Shanghai Hansoh Biomedical Co.,Ltd., Shanghai 201203. China
| | - Bao Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Hansoh Biomedical Co., Ltd, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Cong Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shijun Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Precision Medicine for Critical Illness, Wuhan, China.
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5
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Tabatabaee A, Nafari B, Farhang A, Hariri A, Khosravi A, Zarrabi A, Mirian M. Targeting vimentin: a multifaceted approach to combatting cancer metastasis and drug resistance. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2024; 43:363-377. [PMID: 38012357 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-023-10154-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
This comprehensive review explores vimentin as a pivotal therapeutic target in cancer treatment, with a primary focus on mitigating metastasis and overcoming drug resistance. Vimentin, a key player in cancer progression, is intricately involved in processes such as epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and resistance mechanisms to standard cancer therapies. The review delves into diverse vimentin inhibition strategies. Precision tools, including antibodies and nanobodies, selectively neutralize vimentin's pro-tumorigenic effects. DNA and RNA aptamers disrupt vimentin-associated signaling pathways through their adaptable binding properties. Innovative approaches, such as vimentin-targeted vaccines and microRNAs (miRNAs), harness the immune system and post-transcriptional regulation to combat vimentin-expressing cancer cells. By dissecting vimentin inhibition strategies across these categories, this review provides a comprehensive overview of anti-vimentin therapeutics in cancer treatment. It underscores the growing recognition of vimentin as a pivotal therapeutic target in cancer and presents a diverse array of inhibitors, including antibodies, nanobodies, DNA and RNA aptamers, vaccines, and miRNAs. These multifaceted approaches hold substantial promise for tackling metastasis and overcoming drug resistance, collectively presenting new avenues for enhanced cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliye Tabatabaee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, 8174673461, Iran
| | - Behjat Nafari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, 8174673461, Iran
| | - Armin Farhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, 8174673461, Iran
| | - Amirali Hariri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, 8174673461, Iran
| | - Arezoo Khosravi
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istanbul Okan University, Istanbul, 34959, Türkiye
| | - Ali Zarrabi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istinye University, Istanbul, 34396, Türkiye.
- Department of Research Analytics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, 600 077, India.
| | - Mina Mirian
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, 8174673461, Iran.
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6
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Bhat GR, Sethi I, Sadida HQ, Rah B, Mir R, Algehainy N, Albalawi IA, Masoodi T, Subbaraj GK, Jamal F, Singh M, Kumar R, Macha MA, Uddin S, Akil ASAS, Haris M, Bhat AA. Cancer cell plasticity: from cellular, molecular, and genetic mechanisms to tumor heterogeneity and drug resistance. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2024; 43:197-228. [PMID: 38329598 PMCID: PMC11016008 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-024-10172-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Cancer is a complex disease displaying a variety of cell states and phenotypes. This diversity, known as cancer cell plasticity, confers cancer cells the ability to change in response to their environment, leading to increased tumor diversity and drug resistance. This review explores the intricate landscape of cancer cell plasticity, offering a deep dive into the cellular, molecular, and genetic mechanisms that underlie this phenomenon. Cancer cell plasticity is intertwined with processes such as epithelial-mesenchymal transition and the acquisition of stem cell-like features. These processes are pivotal in the development and progression of tumors, contributing to the multifaceted nature of cancer and the challenges associated with its treatment. Despite significant advancements in targeted therapies, cancer cell adaptability and subsequent therapy-induced resistance remain persistent obstacles in achieving consistent, successful cancer treatment outcomes. Our review delves into the array of mechanisms cancer cells exploit to maintain plasticity, including epigenetic modifications, alterations in signaling pathways, and environmental interactions. We discuss strategies to counteract cancer cell plasticity, such as targeting specific cellular pathways and employing combination therapies. These strategies promise to enhance the efficacy of cancer treatments and mitigate therapy resistance. In conclusion, this review offers a holistic, detailed exploration of cancer cell plasticity, aiming to bolster the understanding and approach toward tackling the challenges posed by tumor heterogeneity and drug resistance. As articulated in this review, the delineation of cellular, molecular, and genetic mechanisms underlying tumor heterogeneity and drug resistance seeks to contribute substantially to the progress in cancer therapeutics and the advancement of precision medicine, ultimately enhancing the prospects for effective cancer treatment and patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gh Rasool Bhat
- Advanced Centre for Human Genetics, Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Soura, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Itty Sethi
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Jammu, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Hana Q Sadida
- Department of Human Genetics-Precision Medicine in Diabetes, Obesity and Cancer Program, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Bilal Rah
- Iron Biology Group, Research Institute of Medical and Health Science, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
| | - Rashid Mir
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Fahad Bin Sultan Chair for Biomedical Research, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naseh Algehainy
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Fahad Bin Sultan Chair for Biomedical Research, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Tariq Masoodi
- Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Genetics, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Farrukh Jamal
- Dr. Rammanohar, Lohia Avadh University, Ayodhya, India
| | - Mayank Singh
- Department of Medical Oncology (Lab.), Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Dr. BRAIRCH, All India, New Delhi, India
| | - Rakesh Kumar
- School of Biotechnology, Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University, Katra, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Muzafar A Macha
- Watson-Crick Centre for Molecular Medicine, Islamic University of Science and Technology, Awantipora, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Shahab Uddin
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
- Laboratory Animal Research Centre, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ammira S Al-Shabeeb Akil
- Department of Human Genetics-Precision Medicine in Diabetes, Obesity and Cancer Program, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mohammad Haris
- Laboratory Animal Research Centre, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.
- Center for Advanced Metabolic Imaging in Precision Medicine, Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA.
| | - Ajaz A Bhat
- Department of Human Genetics-Precision Medicine in Diabetes, Obesity and Cancer Program, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar.
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7
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Alfonsín G, Berral-González A, Rodríguez-Alonso A, Quiroga M, De Las Rivas J, Figueroa A. Stratification of Colorectal Patients Based on Survival Analysis Shows the Value of Consensus Molecular Subtypes and Reveals the CBLL1 Gene as a Biomarker of CMS2 Tumours. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1919. [PMID: 38339195 PMCID: PMC10856263 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The consensus molecular subtypes (CMSs) classification of colorectal cancer (CRC) is a system for patient stratification that can be potentially applied to therapeutic decisions. Hakai (CBLL1) is an E3 ubiquitin-ligase that induces the ubiquitination and degradation of E-cadherin, inducing epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), tumour progression and metastasis. Using bioinformatic methods, we have analysed CBLL1 expression on a large integrated cohort of primary tumour samples from CRC patients. The cohort included survival data and was divided into consensus molecular subtypes. Colon cancer tumourspheres were used to analyse the expression of stem cancer cells markers via RT-PCR and Western blotting. We show that CBLL1 gene expression is specifically associated with canonical subtype CMS2. WNT target genes LGR5 and c-MYC show a similar association with CMS2 as CBLL1. These mRNA levels are highly upregulated in cancer tumourspheres, while CBLL1 silencing shows a clear reduction in tumoursphere size and in stem cell biomarkers. Importantly, CMS2 patients with high CBLL1 expression displayed worse overall survival (OS), which is similar to that associated with CMS4 tumours. Our findings reveal CBLL1 as a specific biomarker for CMS2 and the potential of using CMS2 with high CBLL1 expression to stratify patients with poor OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Alfonsín
- Epithelial Plasticity and Metastasis Group, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), Sergas, Universidade da Coruña (UDC), 15006 A Coruña, Spain; (G.A.); (A.R.-A.); (M.Q.)
| | - Alberto Berral-González
- Bioinformatics and Functional Genomics Group, Cancer Research Center (CiC-IBMCC, CSIC/USAL & IBSAL), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC), University of Salamanca (USAL) and Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain;
| | - Andrea Rodríguez-Alonso
- Epithelial Plasticity and Metastasis Group, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), Sergas, Universidade da Coruña (UDC), 15006 A Coruña, Spain; (G.A.); (A.R.-A.); (M.Q.)
| | - Macarena Quiroga
- Epithelial Plasticity and Metastasis Group, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), Sergas, Universidade da Coruña (UDC), 15006 A Coruña, Spain; (G.A.); (A.R.-A.); (M.Q.)
| | - Javier De Las Rivas
- Bioinformatics and Functional Genomics Group, Cancer Research Center (CiC-IBMCC, CSIC/USAL & IBSAL), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC), University of Salamanca (USAL) and Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain;
| | - Angélica Figueroa
- Epithelial Plasticity and Metastasis Group, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), Sergas, Universidade da Coruña (UDC), 15006 A Coruña, Spain; (G.A.); (A.R.-A.); (M.Q.)
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8
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Bukkuri A. Modeling stress-induced responses: plasticity in continuous state space and gradual clonal evolution. Theory Biosci 2024; 143:63-77. [PMID: 38289469 DOI: 10.1007/s12064-023-00410-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
Mathematical models of cancer and bacterial evolution have generally stemmed from a gene-centric framework, assuming clonal evolution via acquisition of resistance-conferring mutations and selection of their corresponding subpopulations. More recently, the role of phenotypic plasticity has been recognized and models accounting for phenotypic switching between discrete cell states (e.g., epithelial and mesenchymal) have been developed. However, seldom do models incorporate both plasticity and mutationally driven resistance, particularly when the state space is continuous and resistance evolves in a continuous fashion. In this paper, we develop a framework to model plastic and mutational mechanisms of acquiring resistance in a continuous gradual fashion. We use this framework to examine ways in which cancer and bacterial populations can respond to stress and consider implications for therapeutic strategies. Although we primarily discuss our framework in the context of cancer and bacteria, it applies broadly to any system capable of evolving via plasticity and genetic evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuraag Bukkuri
- Cancer Biology and Evolution Program and Department of Integrated Mathematical Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, USA.
- Tissue Development and Evolution Research Group, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
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9
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Basu B, Kal S, Karmakar S, Basu M, Ghosh MK. E3 ubiquitin ligases in lung cancer: Emerging insights and therapeutic opportunities. Life Sci 2024; 336:122333. [PMID: 38061537 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Aim In this review, we have attempted to provide the readers with an updated account of the role of a family of proteins known as E3 ligases in different aspects of lung cancer progression, along with insights into the deregulation of expression of these proteins during lung cancer. A detailed account of the therapeutic strategies involving E3 ligases that have been developed or currently under development has also been provided in this review. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The review article employs extensive literature search, along with differential gene expression analysis of lung cancer associated E3 ligases using the DESeq2 package in R, and the Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA) database (http://gepia.cancer-pku.cn/). Protein expression analysis of CPTAC lung cancer samples was carried out using the UALCAN webtool (https://ualcan.path.uab.edu/index.html). Assessment of patient overall survival (OS) in response to high and low expression of selected E3 ligases was performed using the online Kaplan-Meier plotter (https://kmplot.com/analysis/index.php?p=background). KEY FINDINGS: SIGNIFICANCE: The review provides an in-depth understanding of the role of E3 ligases in lung cancer progression and an up-to-date account of the different therapeutic strategies targeting oncogenic E3 ligases for improved lung cancer management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhaskar Basu
- Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology (CSIR-IICB), TRUE Campus, CN-6, Sector-V, Salt Lake, Kolkata- 700091 & 4, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Satadeepa Kal
- Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology (CSIR-IICB), TRUE Campus, CN-6, Sector-V, Salt Lake, Kolkata- 700091 & 4, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Subhajit Karmakar
- Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology (CSIR-IICB), TRUE Campus, CN-6, Sector-V, Salt Lake, Kolkata- 700091 & 4, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Malini Basu
- Department of Microbiology, Dhruba Chand Halder College, Dakshin Barasat, South 24 Parganas, PIN -743372, India
| | - Mrinal K Ghosh
- Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology (CSIR-IICB), TRUE Campus, CN-6, Sector-V, Salt Lake, Kolkata- 700091 & 4, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India.
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10
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Li Q, Xu N, Lin M, Chen Y, Li H. Successful treatment of severe lung cancer caused by third-generation EGFR-TKI resistance due to EGFR genotype conversion with afatinib plus anlotinib. Anticancer Drugs 2024; 35:93-96. [PMID: 37449979 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0000000000001530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Third-generation EGFR-TKIs can be used to treat advanced non-small cell lung cancer patients with T790M resistance mutation induced by first- or second-generation EGFR-TKIs. However, it will also result in drug resistance, and the resistance mechanisms of third-generation EGFR-TKIs are complex. Here we reported a patient diagnosed with advanced lung adenocarcinoma and EGFR positive in September 2016. Following first-line targeted therapy with gefitinib, genetic testing showed EGFR T790M positive, which resulted in a change to osimertinib targeted therapy. In May 2021, troponin and creatinine levels were elevated, and the tumor hyperprogressed to severe lung cancer. Repeated genetic testing revealed that EGFR genotype converted to a non-classical mutation and EGFR T790M turned negative, which caused third-generation EGFR-TKI resistance. As a result, afatinib combined with anlotinib was selected to stabilize the patient's condition. We were inspired by the case that it reflects the significance and necessity of exploring the resistance mechanism and dynamically detecting genetic status throughout the course of treatment, which may help realize individualized precision therapy, and maximize the potential of patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Fujian Shengli Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Hospital
| | - Nengluan Xu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Fujian Shengli Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Hospital
| | - Ming Lin
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Fujian Shengli Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Hospital
| | - Yusheng Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Fujian Shengli Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Hospital
| | - Hongru Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Fujian Shengli Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Hospital
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Big Data Engineering, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China
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11
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Chen Y, Xu H, Yu P, Wang Q, Li S, Ji F, Wu C, Lan Q. Interferon-γ inducible protein 30 promotes the epithelial-mesenchymal transition-like phenotype and chemoresistance by activating EGFR/AKT/GSK3β/β-catenin pathway in glioma. CNS Neurosci Ther 2023; 29:4124-4138. [PMID: 37408388 PMCID: PMC10651985 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Previous studies have indicated that IFI30 plays a protective role in human cancers. However, its potential roles in regulating glioma development are not fully understood. METHODS Public datasets, immunohistochemistry, and western blotting (WB) were used to evaluate the expression of IFI30 in glioma. The potential functions and mechanisms of IFI30 were examined by public dataset analysis; quantitative real-time PCR; WB; limiting dilution analysis; xenograft tumor assays; CCK-8, colony formation, wound healing, and transwell assays; and immunofluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry. RESULTS IFI30 was significantly upregulated in glioma tissues and cell lines compared with corresponding controls, and the expression level of IFI30 was positively associated with tumor grade. Functionally, both in vivo and in vitro evidence showed that IFI30 regulated the migration and invasion of glioma cells. Mechanistically, we found that IFI30 dramatically promoted the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-like process by activating the EGFR/AKT/GSK3β/β-catenin pathway. In addition, IFI30 regulated the chemoresistance of glioma cells to temozolomide directly via the expression of the transcription factor Slug, a key regulator of the EMT-like process. CONCLUSION The present study suggests that IFI30 is a regulator of the EMT-like phenotype and acts not only as a prognostic marker but also as a potential therapeutic target for temozolomide-resistant glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Chen
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhouJiangsuP.R. China
| | - Hui Xu
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhouJiangsuP.R. China
| | - Pei Yu
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhouJiangsuP.R. China
| | - Qing Wang
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhouJiangsuP.R. China
| | - Shenggang Li
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhouJiangsuP.R. China
| | - Fufu Ji
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhouJiangsuP.R. China
| | - Chunwang Wu
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhouJiangsuP.R. China
| | - Qing Lan
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhouJiangsuP.R. China
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12
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Ludwig ML, Michmerhuizen NL, Wang J, Birkeland AC, Majchrowski BK, Nimmagadda S, Zhai J, Bhangale A, Kulkarni A, Jiang H, Swiecicki PL, Brenner JC. Multi-kinase compensation rescues EGFR knockout in a cell line model of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Arch Oral Biol 2023; 156:105822. [PMID: 37844343 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2023.105822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a debilitating disease with poor survival rates. While the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-targeting antibody Cetuximab is approved for treatment, responses are limited and the molecular mechanisms driving resistance remain incompletely understood. METHODS To better understand how cells survive without EGFR activity, we developed an EGFR knockout derivative of the UM-SCC-92 cell line using CRISPR/Cas9 technology. We then characterized changes to the transcriptome with RNAseq and changes in response to kinase inhibitors with resazurin cell viability assays. Finally, we tested if inhibitors with activity in the EGFR knockout model also had synergistic activity in combination with EGFR inhibitors in either wild type UM-SCC-92 cells or a known Cetuximab-resistant model. RESULTS Functional and molecular analysis showed that knockout cells had decreased cell proliferation, upregulation of FGFR1 expression, and an enhanced mesenchymal phenotype. In fact, expression of common EMT genes including VIM, SNAIL1, ZEB1 and TWIST1 were all upregulated in the EGFR knockout. Surprisingly, EGFR knockout cells were resistant to FGFR inhibitor monotherapies, but sensitive to combinations of FGFR and either XIAP or IGF-1R inhibitors. Accordingly, both wild type UM-SCC-92 and Cetuximab-resistant UM-SCC-104 cells with were sensitive to combined inhibition of EGFR, FGFR and either XIAP or IGF-1R. CONCLUSIONS These data offer insights into EGFR inhibitor resistance and show that resistance to EGFR knockout likely occurs through a complex network of kinases. Future studies of cetuximab-resistant HNSCC tumors are warranted to determine if this EMT phenotype and/or multi-kinase resistance is observed in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan L Ludwig
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States; Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Nicole L Michmerhuizen
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States; Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Jiayu Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States; Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Andrew C Birkeland
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Behirda K Majchrowski
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Sai Nimmagadda
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Jingyi Zhai
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Apurva Bhangale
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Aditi Kulkarni
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Hui Jiang
- Rogel Cancer Center University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States; Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Paul L Swiecicki
- Department of Hematology Oncology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States; Rogel Cancer Center University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - J Chad Brenner
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States; Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States; Rogel Cancer Center University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States.
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13
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Park HJ, Park SH. Root Extract of Trichosanthes kirilowii Suppresses Metastatic Activity of EGFR TKI-Resistant Human Lung Cancer Cells by Inhibiting Src-Mediated EMT. Nutr Cancer 2023; 75:1945-1957. [PMID: 37870977 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2023.2272345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
The roots of Trichosanthes kirilowii (TK) have been used in traditional oriental medicine for the treatment of respiratory diseases. In this study, we investigated whether an ethanolic root extract of TK (ETK) can regulate the metastatic potency of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI)-resistant human lung cancer cells. The relative migration and invasion abilities of erlotinib-resistant PC9 (PC9/ER) and gefitinib-resistant PC9 (PC9/GR) cells were higher than those of parental PC9 cells. Mesenchymal markers were overexpressed, whereas epithelial markers were downregulated in resistant cells, suggesting that resistant cells acquired the EMT phenotype. ETK reduced migration and invasion of resistant cells. The expression levels of N-cadherin and Twist were downregulated, whereas Claudin-1 was upregulated by ETK, demonstrating that ETK suppresses EMT. As a molecular mechanism, Src was dephosphorylated by ETK. The anti-metastatic effect of ETK was reduced by transfecting PC9/ER cells with a constitutively active form of c-Src. Dasatinib downregulated N-cadherin, Twist, and vimentin, suggesting that Src regulates EMT in resistant cells. Notably, CuB played a key role in mediating the anti-metastatic activity of ETK. Collectively, our results demonstrate that ETK can attenuate the metastatic ability of EGFR-TKI-resistant lung cancer cells by inhibiting Src-mediated EMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Ji Park
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Dong-eui University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Shin-Hyung Park
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Dong-eui University, Busan, South Korea
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14
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Twum Y, Marshall K, Gao W. Caffeic acid phenethyl ester surmounts acquired resistance of AZD9291 in non-small cell lung cancer cells. Biofactors 2023; 49:1143-1157. [PMID: 37555475 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
Epithelial growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) are the first-line therapy for EGFR mutated non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC); however, resistance rapidly develops. The objective of this study was therefore to establish and characterize a gefitinib resistant NSCLC line (HCC827GR) and evaluate the therapeutic effects of natural products in combination with third-generation EGFR-TKI, AZD9291. The IC50 of gefitinib and AZD9291 in HCC827GR were significantly higher than those of HCC827 (p < 0.05). Furthermore, anchorage-independent colony assay indicated that HCC827GR cells were more aggressive than their predecessors. This was reflected by the gene/protein expression changes observed in HCC827GR versus HCC827 profiled by cancer drug resistance real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) array and Western blot. Three natural products were screened and caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) exhibited the most significant combinative cytotoxic effect with AZD9291. Specifically, flow cytometry revealed that AZD9291 + CAPE considerably increased the fraction of cell in pre-G1 of the cell cycle and caspase-Glo3/7 assay showed a dramatic increase in apoptosis when compared to AZD9291 alone. Furthermore, Western blot showed significant downregulation of p-EGFR/p-AKT in HCC827GR cells treated with AZD9291 + CAPE as compared to AZD9291. Moreover, it is evident that AZD9291 + CAPE specifically resulted in a marked reduction in the protein expressions of the cell-proliferation-related genes p21, cyclin D1, and survivin. Finally, refined RT-PCR/Western blot data indicated that AZD9291 + CAPE may at least partially exert its synergistic effects via the PLK2 pathway. Together, these results suggest that CAPE is a clinically relevant compound to aid AZD9291 in treating EGFR-TKI resistant cells through modulating critical genes/proteins involved in cancer resistance/therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaw Twum
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Kent Marshall
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Weimin Gao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
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15
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Singh S, Sadhukhan S, Sonawane A. 20 years since the approval of first EGFR-TKI, gefitinib: Insight and foresight. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2023; 1878:188967. [PMID: 37657684 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.188967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) actively involves in modulation of various cancer progression related mechanisms including angiogenesis, differentiation and migration. Therefore, targeting EGFR has surfaced as a prominent approach for the treatment of several types of cancers, including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), pancreatic cancer, glioblastoma. Various first, second and third generation of EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) have demonstrated effectiveness as an anti-cancer therapeutics. However, rapid development of drug resistance and mutations still remains a major challenge for the EGFR-TKIs therapy. Overcoming from intrinsic and acquired resistance caused by EGFR mutations warrants the further exploration of alternative strategies and discovery of novel inhibitors. In this review, we delve into the breakthrough discoveries have been made in previous 20 years, and discuss the currently ongoing efforts aimed to circumvent the chemo-resistance. We also highlight the new challenges, limitations and future directions for the development of improved therapeutic approaches such as fourth-generation EGFR-TKIs, peptides, nanobodies, PROTACs etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satyam Singh
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Madhya Pradesh 453 552, India
| | - Sushabhan Sadhukhan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Palakkad, Kerala 678 623, India; Department of Biological Sciences & Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Palakkad, Kerala 678 623, India.
| | - Avinash Sonawane
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Madhya Pradesh 453 552, India.
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16
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To KKW, Chow JCH, Cheung KM, Cho WCS. Circumvention of Gefitinib Resistance by Repurposing Flunarizine via Histone Deacetylase Inhibition. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2023; 6:1531-1543. [PMID: 37854628 PMCID: PMC10580381 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.3c00202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Gefitinib is an epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR TKI) for treating advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, drug resistance seriously impedes the clinical efficacy of gefitinib. This study investigated the repositioning of the non-oncology drug capable of inhibiting histone deacetylases (HDACs) to overcome gefitinib resistance. A few drug candidates were identified using the in silico repurposing tool "DRUGSURV" and tested for HDAC inhibition. Flunarizine, originally indicated for migraine prophylaxis and vertigo treatment, was selected for detailed investigation in NSCLC cell lines harboring a range of different gefitinib resistance mechanisms (EGFR T790M, KRAS G12S, MET amplification, or PTEN loss). The circumvention of gefitinib resistance by flunarizine was further demonstrated in an EGFR TKI (erlotinib)-refractory patient-derived tumor xenograft (PDX) model in vivo. The acetylation level of cellular histone protein was increased by flunarizine in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. Among the NSCLC cell lines evaluated, the extent of gefitinib resistance circumvention by flunarizine was found to be the most pronounced in EGFR T790M-bearing H1975 cells. The gefitinib-flunarizine combination was shown to induce the apoptotic protein Bim but reduce the antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2, which apparently circumvented gefitinib resistance. The induction of Bim by flunarizine was accompanied by an increase in the histone acetylation and E2F1 interaction with the BIM gene promoter. Flunarizine was also found to upregulate E-cadherin but downregulate the vimentin expression, which subsequently inhibited cancer cell migration and invasion. Importantly, flunarizine was also shown to significantly potentiate the tumor growth suppressive effect of gefitinib in EGFR TKI-refractory PDX in vivo. The findings advocate for the translational application of flunarizine to circumvent gefitinib resistance in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth K. W. To
- School
of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese
University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - James C. H. Chow
- Department
of Clinical Oncology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Ka-Man Cheung
- Department
of Clinical Oncology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - William C. S. Cho
- Department
of Clinical Oncology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong, SAR, China
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17
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Gohlke L, Alahdab A, Oberhofer A, Worf K, Holdenrieder S, Michaelis M, Cinatl J, Ritter CA. Loss of Key EMT-Regulating miRNAs Highlight the Role of ZEB1 in EGFR Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor-Resistant NSCLC. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14742. [PMID: 37834189 PMCID: PMC10573279 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite recent advances in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), acquired drug resistance to targeted therapy remains a major obstacle. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) has been identified as a key resistance mechanism in NSCLC. Here, we investigated the mechanistic role of key EMT-regulating small non-coding microRNAs (miRNAs) in sublines of the NSCLC cell line HCC4006 adapted to afatinib, erlotinib, gefitinib, or osimertinib. The most differentially expressed miRNAs derived from extracellular vesicles were associated with EMT, and their predicted target ZEB1 was significantly overexpressed in all resistant cell lines. Transfection of a miR-205-5p mimic partially reversed EMT by inhibiting ZEB1, restoring CDH1 expression, and inhibiting migration in erlotinib-resistant cells. Gene expression of EMT-markers, transcription factors, and miRNAs were correlated during stepwise osimertinib adaptation of HCC4006 cells. Temporally relieving cells of osimertinib reversed transition trends, suggesting that the implementation of treatment pauses could provide prolonged benefits for patients. Our results provide new insights into the contribution of miRNAs to drug-resistant NSCLC harboring EGFR-activating mutations and highlight their role as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linus Gohlke
- Institute of Pharmacy, Clinical Pharmacy, University Greifswald, Friedrich-Ludwig-Jahn-Str. 17, 17489 Greifswald, Germany;
| | - Ahmad Alahdab
- Institute of Pharmacy, Clinical Pharmacy, University Greifswald, Friedrich-Ludwig-Jahn-Str. 17, 17489 Greifswald, Germany;
| | - Angela Oberhofer
- Munich Biomarker Research Center, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, German Heart Center, Technical University Munich, 80636 Munich, Germany; (A.O.); (K.W.); (S.H.)
| | - Karolina Worf
- Munich Biomarker Research Center, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, German Heart Center, Technical University Munich, 80636 Munich, Germany; (A.O.); (K.W.); (S.H.)
| | - Stefan Holdenrieder
- Munich Biomarker Research Center, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, German Heart Center, Technical University Munich, 80636 Munich, Germany; (A.O.); (K.W.); (S.H.)
| | - Martin Michaelis
- School of Biosciences, Division of Natural Sciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent CT2 7NJ, UK;
| | - Jindrich Cinatl
- Institute of Medical Virology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany;
| | - Christoph A Ritter
- Institute of Pharmacy, Clinical Pharmacy, University Greifswald, Friedrich-Ludwig-Jahn-Str. 17, 17489 Greifswald, Germany;
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18
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Crintea A, Constantin AM, Motofelea AC, Crivii CB, Velescu MA, Coșeriu RL, Ilyés T, Crăciun AM, Silaghi CN. Targeted EGFR Nanotherapy in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. J Funct Biomater 2023; 14:466. [PMID: 37754880 PMCID: PMC10532491 DOI: 10.3390/jfb14090466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains a leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Despite advances in treatment, the prognosis remains poor, highlighting the need for novel therapeutic strategies. The present review explores the potential of targeted epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) nanotherapy as an alternative treatment for NSCLC, showing that EGFR-targeted nanoparticles are efficiently taken up by NSCLC cells, leading to a significant reduction in tumor growth in mouse models. Consequently, we suggest that targeted EGFR nanotherapy could be an innovative treatment strategy for NSCLC; however, further studies are needed to optimize the nanoparticles and evaluate their safety and efficacy in clinical settings and human trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreea Crintea
- Department of Molecular Sciences, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Iuliu Hațieganu”, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.C.); (T.I.); (C.N.S.)
| | - Anne-Marie Constantin
- Department of Morphological Sciences, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Iuliu Hațieganu”, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.-M.C.); (C.-B.C.)
| | - Alexandru C. Motofelea
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Victor Babeș”, 300041 Timișoara, Romania;
| | - Carmen-Bianca Crivii
- Department of Morphological Sciences, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Iuliu Hațieganu”, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.-M.C.); (C.-B.C.)
| | - Maria A. Velescu
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Iuliu Hațieganu”, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Răzvan L. Coșeriu
- Department of Microbiology, University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology “George Emil Palade”, 540142 Târgu-Mureș, Romania;
| | - Tamás Ilyés
- Department of Molecular Sciences, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Iuliu Hațieganu”, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.C.); (T.I.); (C.N.S.)
| | - Alexandra M. Crăciun
- Department of Molecular Sciences, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Iuliu Hațieganu”, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.C.); (T.I.); (C.N.S.)
| | - Ciprian N. Silaghi
- Department of Molecular Sciences, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Iuliu Hațieganu”, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.C.); (T.I.); (C.N.S.)
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19
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Li X, Wang L, Zhao WL. [Progress in molecular mechanisms and targeted therapies of persistent cancer cells]. ZHONGHUA XUE YE XUE ZA ZHI = ZHONGHUA XUEYEXUE ZAZHI 2023; 44:700-704. [PMID: 37803850 PMCID: PMC10520234 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0253-2727.2023.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- X Li
- Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - L Wang
- Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - W L Zhao
- Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Shanghai 200025, China
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20
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Araghi M, Mannani R, Heidarnejad maleki A, Hamidi A, Rostami S, Safa SH, Faramarzi F, Khorasani S, Alimohammadi M, Tahmasebi S, Akhavan-Sigari R. Recent advances in non-small cell lung cancer targeted therapy; an update review. Cancer Cell Int 2023; 23:162. [PMID: 37568193 PMCID: PMC10416536 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-023-02990-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer continues to be the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. In the last decade, significant advancements in the diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer, particularly NSCLC, have been achieved with the help of molecular translational research. Among the hopeful breakthroughs in therapeutic approaches, advances in targeted therapy have brought the most successful outcomes in NSCLC treatment. In targeted therapy, antagonists target the specific genes, proteins, or the microenvironment of tumors supporting cancer growth and survival. Indeed, cancer can be managed by blocking the target genes related to tumor cell progression without causing noticeable damage to normal cells. Currently, efforts have been focused on improving the targeted therapy aspects regarding the encouraging outcomes in cancer treatment and the quality of life of patients. Treatment with targeted therapy for NSCLC is changing rapidly due to the pace of scientific research. Accordingly, this updated study aimed to discuss the tumor target antigens comprehensively and targeted therapy-related agents in NSCLC. The current study also summarized the available clinical trial studies for NSCLC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmood Araghi
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Reza Mannani
- Vascular Surgeon, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | | | - Adel Hamidi
- Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Arak Branch, karaj, Iran
| | - Samaneh Rostami
- School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | | | - Fatemeh Faramarzi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Sahar Khorasani
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mina Alimohammadi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Safa Tahmasebi
- Student Research Committee, Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Akhavan-Sigari
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center, Tuebingen, Germany
- Department of Health Care Management and Clinical Research, Collegium Humanum Warsaw Management University Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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21
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Tang Y, Dai G, Yang Y, Liu H. GSG2 facilitates the progression of human breast cancer through MDM2-mediated ubiquitination of E2F1. J Transl Med 2023; 21:523. [PMID: 37537694 PMCID: PMC10398932 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04358-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer (BC) has posed a great threat to world health as the leading cause of cancer death among women. Previous evidence demonstrated that germ cell-specific gene 2 (GSG2) was involved in the regulation of multiple cancers. Thus, the clinical value, biological function and underlying mechanism of GSG2 in BC were investigated in this study. METHODS The expression of GSG2 in BC was revealed by immunohistochemistry (IHC), qPCR and western blotting. Secondly, the biological function of GSG2 in BC was evaluated by MTT assay, flow cytometry, Transwell assay and wound healing assay. Furthermore, the potential molecular mechanism of GSG2 regulating the progression of BC by co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) and protein stability detection. RESULTS Our data indicated that GSG2 was frequently overexpressed in BC. Moreover, there was a significant correlation between the GSG2 expression and the poor prognosis of BC patients. Functionally, GSG2 knockdown inhibited the malignant progression of BC characterized by reduced proliferation, enhanced apoptosis and attenuated tumor growth. Migration inhibition of GSG2 knockdown BC cells via epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), such as downregulation of Vimentin and Snail. In addition, E2F transcription factor 1 (E2F1) was regarded as a target protein of GSG2. Downregulation of E2F1 attenuated the promoting role of GSG2 on BC cells. Mechanistically, knockdown of GSG2 accelerated the ubiquitination of E2F1 protein, which was mediated by E3 ubiquitin ligase MDM2. CONCLUSIONS GSG2 facilitated the development and progression of BC through MDM2-mediated ubiquitination of E2F1, which may be a promising candidate target with potential therapeutic value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Tang
- Day Ward, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, No. 44 Xianheyan Road, Shenyang, 110042, China
| | - Gaosai Dai
- Department of Breast Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, No. 107 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Yupeng Yang
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Jinan Zhangqiu District Hospital of TCM, Xiushui Street 1463, Jinan, 250200, Shandong, China
| | - Huantao Liu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, No. 107 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.
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22
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Garcia NMG, Becerra JN, McKinney BJ, DiMarco AV, Wu F, Fitzgibbon M, Alvarez JV. APOBEC3 activity promotes the survival and evolution of drug-tolerant persister cells during acquired resistance to EGFR inhibitors in lung cancer. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.07.02.547443. [PMID: 37461590 PMCID: PMC10350004 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.02.547443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
APOBEC mutagenesis is one of the most common endogenous sources of mutations in human cancer and is a major source of genetic intratumor heterogeneity. High levels of APOBEC mutagenesis are associated with poor prognosis and aggressive disease across diverse cancers, but the mechanistic and functional impacts of APOBEC mutagenesis on tumor evolution and therapy resistance remain relatively unexplored. To address this, we investigated the contribution of APOBEC mutagenesis to acquired therapy resistance in a model of EGFR-mutant non-small cell lung cancer. We find that inhibition of EGFR in lung cancer cells leads to a rapid and pronounced induction of APOBEC3 expression and activity. Functionally, APOBEC expression promotes the survival of drug-tolerant persister cells (DTPs) following EGFR inhibition. Constitutive expression of APOBEC3B alters the evolutionary trajectory of acquired resistance to the EGFR inhibitor gefitinib, making it more likely that resistance arises through de novo acquisition of the T790M gatekeeper mutation and squamous transdifferentiation during the DTP state. APOBEC3B expression is associated with increased expression of the squamous cell transcription factor ΔNp63 and squamous cell transdifferentiation in gefitinib-resistant cells. Knockout of ΔNp63 in gefitinibresistant cells reduces the expression of the p63 target genes IL1a/b and sensitizes these cells to the thirdgeneration EGFR inhibitor osimertinib. These results suggest that APOBEC activity promotes acquired resistance by facilitating evolution and transdifferentiation in DTPs, and suggest that approaches to target ΔNp63 in gefitinib-resistant lung cancers may have therapeutic benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Marie G Garcia
- Translational Research Program, Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine
| | - Jessica N Becerra
- Translational Research Program, Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center
| | - Brock J McKinney
- Translational Research Program, Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center
| | - Ashley V DiMarco
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine
| | - Feinan Wu
- Genomics and Bioinformatics, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center
| | | | - James V Alvarez
- Translational Research Program, Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center
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23
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Racherla KS, Dovalovsky K, Patel M, Harper E, Barnard J, Nasifuzzaman SM, Smith M, Sikand R, Drinka E, Puri N. PRMT-1 and p120-Catenin as EMT Mediators in Osimertinib Resistance in NSCLC. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3461. [PMID: 37444572 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15133461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Osimertinib, an irreversible tyrosine kinase inhibitor, is a first-line therapy in EGFR-mutant NSCLC patients. Prolonged treatment with Osimertinib leads to resistance due to an acquired C797S mutation in the EGFR domain and other mechanisms, such as epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). In this study, we investigated the role of PRMT-1 and p120-catenin in mediating Osimertinib resistance (OR) through EMT. These studies found upregulation of gene and protein expression of PRMT-1, p120-catenin and Kaiso factor. Knockdown of p120-catenin using siRNA increased OR efficacy by 45% as compared to cells treated with mock siRNA and OR. After 24 h of transfection, the percentage wound closure in cells transfected with p120-catenin siRNA was 26.2%. However, in mock siRNA-treated cells the wound closure was 7.4%, showing its involvement in EMT. We also found high levels of p120-catenin expressed in 30% of smokers as compared to 5.5% and 0% of non-smokers and quit-smokers (respectively) suggesting that smoking may influence p120-catenin expression in NSCLC patients. These results suggest that biomarkers such as PRMT-1 may mediate EMT by methylating Twist-1 and increasing p120-catenin expression, which causes transcriptional activation of genes associated with Kaiso factor to promote EMT in Osimertinib-resistant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavya Sri Racherla
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Rockford, Rockford, IL 61107, USA
| | - Katrina Dovalovsky
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Rockford, Rockford, IL 61107, USA
| | - Meet Patel
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Rockford, Rockford, IL 61107, USA
| | - Emma Harper
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Rockford, Rockford, IL 61107, USA
| | - Jacob Barnard
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Rockford, Rockford, IL 61107, USA
| | - S M Nasifuzzaman
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Rockford, Rockford, IL 61107, USA
| | - Mason Smith
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Rockford, Rockford, IL 61107, USA
| | - Riya Sikand
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Rockford, Rockford, IL 61107, USA
| | - Eva Drinka
- Department of Pathology, University of Wisconsin Health, Swedish American Hospital, Rockford, IL 61104, USA
| | - Neelu Puri
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Rockford, Rockford, IL 61107, USA
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24
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Venkadakrishnan VB, Yamada Y, Weng K, Idahor O, Beltran H. Significance of RB Loss in Unlocking Phenotypic Plasticity in Advanced Cancers. Mol Cancer Res 2023; 21:497-510. [PMID: 37052520 PMCID: PMC10239360 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-23-0045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Cancer cells can undergo plasticity in response to environmental stimuli or under selective therapeutic pressures that result in changes in phenotype. This complex phenomenon of phenotypic plasticity is now recognized as a hallmark of cancer. Lineage plasticity is often associated with loss of dependence on the original oncogenic driver and is facilitated, in part, by underlying genomic and epigenetic alterations. Understanding the molecular drivers of cancer plasticity is critical for the development of novel therapeutic strategies. The retinoblastoma gene RB1 (encoding RB) is the first tumor suppressor gene to be discovered and has a well-described role in cell-cycle regulation. RB is also involved in diverse cellular functions beyond cell cycle including differentiation. Here, we describe the emerging role of RB loss in unlocking cancer phenotypic plasticity and driving therapy resistance across cancer types. We highlight parallels in cancer with the noncanonical role of RB that is critical for normal development and lineage specification, and the downstream consequences of RB loss including epigenetic reprogramming and chromatin reorganization that can lead to changes in lineage program. Finally, we discuss potential therapeutic approaches geared toward RB loss cancers undergoing lineage reprogramming.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yasutaka Yamada
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kenny Weng
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Osasenaga Idahor
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Himisha Beltran
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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25
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Yan R, Huang X, Liu H, Xiao Z, Liu J, An G, Ge Y. DCLK1 Drives EGFR-TKI-Acquired Resistance in Lung Adenocarcinoma by Remodeling the Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition Status. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11051490. [PMID: 37239162 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11051490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI) is a first-line treatment for lung adenocarcinoma with EGFR-sensitive mutations, but acquired resistance to EGFR-TKIs remains a problem in clinical practice. The development of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a critical mechanism that induces acquired resistance to TKIs. Reversing acquired resistance to EGFR-TKIs through targeting the key molecules driving EMT provides an alternative choice for patients. We, therefore, aimed to explore the role of doublecortin-like kinase 1 (DCLK1) as an EMT driver gene in the acquired resistance of lung adenocarcinoma to EGFR-TKIs. METHODS The IC50 of Gefitinib or Osimertinib in PC9/HCC827 cells was measured using a cell counting kit-8 (CCK8) assay. The expression levels of EMT-related genes in PC9 and HCC827 cells were detected using RT-PCR and Western blot. Cell migration and invasion abilities were assessed via a transwell assay. For the in vivo experiments, PC9 cells were subcutaneously injected into BALB/c nude mice to form tumors. Upon harvesting, tumor tissues were retained for RT-PCR, Western blot, and polychromatic fluorescence staining to detect biomarker changes in the EMT process. RESULTS Gefitinib-resistant PC9 (PC9/GR) and Osimertinib-resistant HCC827 (HCC827/OR) cells showed remarkable activation of EMT and enhanced migration and invasion abilities compared to TKI-sensitive cells. In addition, DCLK1 expression was markedly increased in EGFR-TKI-resistant lung adenocarcinoma cells. The targeted knockout of DCLK1 effectively reversed the EMT phenotype in TKI-resistant cells and improved EGFR-TKI sensitivity, which was further validated by the in vivo experiments. CONCLUSIONS DCLK1 facilitates acquired resistance to EGFR-TKI in lung adenocarcinoma by inducting EMT and accelerating the migration and invasion abilities of TKI-resistant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Yan
- Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital Department of Oncology, Capital Medical University, 8 Gongren Tiyuchang Nanlu Road, Chaoyang Dist., Beijing 100020, China
| | - Xuying Huang
- Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital Department of Oncology, Capital Medical University, 8 Gongren Tiyuchang Nanlu Road, Chaoyang Dist., Beijing 100020, China
| | - Heshu Liu
- Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital Department of Oncology, Capital Medical University, 8 Gongren Tiyuchang Nanlu Road, Chaoyang Dist., Beijing 100020, China
| | - Zeru Xiao
- Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital Department of Oncology, Capital Medical University, 8 Gongren Tiyuchang Nanlu Road, Chaoyang Dist., Beijing 100020, China
| | - Jian Liu
- Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital Department of Oncology, Capital Medical University, 8 Gongren Tiyuchang Nanlu Road, Chaoyang Dist., Beijing 100020, China
| | - Guangyu An
- Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital Department of Oncology, Capital Medical University, 8 Gongren Tiyuchang Nanlu Road, Chaoyang Dist., Beijing 100020, China
| | - Yang Ge
- Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital Department of Oncology, Capital Medical University, 8 Gongren Tiyuchang Nanlu Road, Chaoyang Dist., Beijing 100020, China
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26
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Fan Q, Liang X, Xu Z, Li S, Han S, Xiao Y, Xu Q, Yuan R, Yang S, Gao H. Pedunculoside inhibits epithelial-mesenchymal transition and overcomes Gefitinib-resistant non-small cell lung cancer through regulating MAPK and Nrf2 pathways. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 116:154884. [PMID: 37209605 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.154884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lung cancer is the primary cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide owing to its strong metastatic ability. EGFR-TKI (Gefitinib) has demonstrated efficacy in metastatic lung cancer therapy, but most patients ultimately develop resistance to Gefitinib, leading to a poor prognosis. Pedunculoside (PE), a triterpene saponin extracted from Ilex rotunda Thunb., has shown anti-inflammatory, lipid-lowering and anti-tumor effects. Nevertheless, the therapeutic effect and potential mechanisms of PE on NSCLC treatment are unclear. PURPOSE To investigate the inhibitory effect and prospective mechanisms of PE on NSCLC metastases and Gefitinib-resistant NSCLC. METHODS In vitro, A549/GR cells were established by Gefitinib persistent induction of A549 cells with a low dose and shock with a high dose. The cell migratory ability was measured using wound healing and Transwell assays. Additionally, EMT-related Markers or ROS production were assessed by RT-qPCR, immunofluorescence, Western blotting, and flow cytometry assays in A549/GR and TGF-β1-induced A549 cells. In vivo, B16-F10 cells were intravenously injected into mice, and the effect of PE on tumor metastases were determined using hematoxylin-eosin staining, Caliper IVIS Lumina, DCFH2-DA staining, and western blotting assays. RESULTS PE reversed TGF-β1-induced EMT by downregulating EMT-related protein expression through MAPK and Nrf2 pathways, decreasing ROS production, and inhibiting cell migration and invasion ability. Moreover, PE treatment enabled A549/GR cells to retrieve the sensitivity to Gefitinib and mitigate the biological characteristics of EMT. PE also significantly inhibited lung metastasis in mice by reversing EMT proteins expression, decreasing ROS production, and inhibiting MAPK and Nrf2 pathways. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, this research presents a novel finding that PE can reverse NSCLC metastasis and improve Gefitinib sensitivity in Gefitinib-resistant NSCLC through the MAPK and Nrf2 pathways, subsequently suppressing lung metastasis in B16-F10 lung metastatic mice model. Our findings indicate that PE is a potential agent for inhibiting metastasis and improving Gefitinib resistance in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiumei Fan
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530000, China
| | - Xiaowei Liang
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530000, China
| | - Zhipeng Xu
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530000, China
| | - Siyuan Li
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530000, China
| | - Shan Han
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530000, China
| | - Yuntian Xiao
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530000, China
| | - Qiongming Xu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Renyikun Yuan
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530000, China.
| | - Shilin Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530000, China
| | - Hongwei Gao
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530000, China.
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27
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Zhou J, Zhang XC, Xue S, Dai M, Wang Y, Peng X, Chen J, Wang X, Shen Y, Qin H, Chen B, Zheng Y, Gao X, Xie Z, Ding J, Jiang H, Wu YL, Geng M, Ai J. SYK-mediated epithelial cell state is associated with response to c-Met inhibitors in c-Met-overexpressing lung cancer. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:185. [PMID: 37183231 PMCID: PMC10183461 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01403-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Genomic MET amplification and exon 14 skipping are currently clinically recognized biomarkers for stratifying subsets of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients according to the predicted response to c-Met inhibitors (c-Metis), yet the overall clinical benefit of this strategy is quite limited. Notably, c-Met protein overexpression, which occurs in approximately 20-25% of NSCLC patients, has not yet been clearly defined as a clinically useful biomarker. An optimized strategy for accurately classifying patients with c-Met overexpression for decision-making regarding c-Meti treatment is lacking. Herein, we found that SYK regulates the plasticity of cells in an epithelial state and is associated with their sensitivity to c-Metis both in vitro and in vivo in PDX models with c-Met overexpression regardless of MET gene status. Furthermore, TGF-β1 treatment resulted in SYK transcriptional downregulation, increased Sp1-mediated transcription of FRA1, and restored the mesenchymal state, which conferred resistance to c-Metis. Clinically, a subpopulation of NSCLC patients with c-Met overexpression coupled with SYK overexpression exhibited a high response rate of 73.3% and longer progression-free survival with c-Meti treatment than other patients. SYK negativity coupled with TGF-β1 positivity conferred de novo and acquired resistance. In summary, SYK regulates cell plasticity toward a therapy-sensitive epithelial cell state. Furthermore, our findings showed that SYK overexpression can aid in precisely stratifying NSCLC patients with c-Met overexpression regardless of MET alterations and expand the population predicted to benefit from c-Met-targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Zhou
- Division of Antitumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xu-Chao Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Lung Cancer, Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Shan Xue
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Mengdi Dai
- Division of Antitumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yueliang Wang
- Division of Antitumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Xia Peng
- Division of Antitumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Jianjiao Chen
- Department of Neurobiology, Brain Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, 15213, USA
| | - Xinyi Wang
- Division of Antitumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yanyan Shen
- Division of Antitumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Hui Qin
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Bi Chen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221000, China
| | - Yu Zheng
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Xiwen Gao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201199, China
| | - Zuoquan Xie
- Division of Antitumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jian Ding
- Division of Antitumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310024, P. R. China
| | - Handong Jiang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China.
| | - Yi-Long Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Lung Cancer, Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
| | - Meiyu Geng
- Division of Antitumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China.
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310024, P. R. China.
| | - Jing Ai
- Division of Antitumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China.
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310024, P. R. China.
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28
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Oh SJ, Lim JY, Son MK, Ahn JH, Song KH, Lee HJ, Kim S, Cho EH, Chung JY, Cho H, Kim H, Kim JH, Park J, Choi J, Hwang SW, Kim TW. TRPV1 inhibition overcomes cisplatin resistance by blocking autophagy-mediated hyperactivation of EGFR signaling pathway. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2691. [PMID: 37165076 PMCID: PMC10172196 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38318-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin resistance along with chemotherapy-induced neuropathic pain is an important cause of treatment failure for many cancer types and represents an unmet clinical need. Therefore, future studies should provide evidence regarding the mechanisms of potential targets that can overcome the resistance as well as alleviate pain. Here, we show that the emergence of cisplatin resistance is highly associated with EGFR hyperactivation, and that EGFR hyperactivation is arisen by a transcriptional increase in the pain-generating channel, TRPV1, via NANOG. Furthermore, TRPV1 promotes autophagy-mediated EGF secretion via Ca2+ influx, which activates the EGFR-AKT signaling and, consequentially, the acquisition of cisplatin resistance. Importantly, TRPV1 inhibition renders tumors susceptible to cisplatin. Thus, our findings indicate a link among cisplatin resistance, EGFR hyperactivation, and TRPV1-mediated autophagic secretion, and implicate that TRPV1 could be a crucial drug target that could not only overcome cisplatin resistance but also alleviate pain in NANOG+ cisplatin-resistant cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se Jin Oh
- BK21 Graduate Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Yeon Lim
- BK21 Graduate Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
- Department of Physiology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Kyu Son
- BK21 Graduate Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Hyeok Ahn
- BK21 Graduate Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwon-Ho Song
- Department of Cell biology, Daegu Catholic University School of Medicine, Daegu, 42472, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Jung Lee
- BK21 Graduate Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Suyeon Kim
- BK21 Graduate Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Ho Cho
- BK21 Graduate Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon-Yong Chung
- Molecular Imaging Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Hanbyoul Cho
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 06273, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyosun Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 06273, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hoon Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 06273, Republic of Korea
| | - Jooyoung Park
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungmin Choi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Wook Hwang
- BK21 Graduate Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
- Department of Physiology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Woo Kim
- BK21 Graduate Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.
- NEX-I Inc., Seoul, 05854, Republic of Korea.
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29
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Zalaquett Z, Catherine Rita Hachem M, Kassis Y, Hachem S, Eid R, Raphael Kourie H, Planchard D. Acquired resistance mechanisms to osimertinib: The constant battle. Cancer Treat Rev 2023; 116:102557. [PMID: 37060646 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2023.102557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2023]
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Detectable driver mutations have now changed the course of lung cancer treatment with the emergence of targeted therapy as a novel strategy that widely improved lung cancer prognosis, especially in metastatic patients. Osimertinib (AZD9291) is an irreversible third-generation epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI) used to treat stage IV EGFR-mutated non-small-cell lung cancer. It was initially designed to target both EGFR-activating mutations and the EGFR T790M mutation as well, which is the most common resistance mechanism to first- and second-generation EGFR-TKIs. Following the FLAURA trial, osimertinib is now widely used in the first-line setting. However, resistance to osimertinib inevitably develops, with numerous mechanisms leading to its resistance, classified into two main categories: EGFR-dependent and EGFR-independent mechanisms. While EGFR-dependent mechanisms consist mainly of the C797S EGFR mutation, EGFR-independent mechanisms include bypass pathways, oncogenic fusions, and phenotypic transformation, among others. This review summarizes the molecular resistance mechanisms to osimertinib, with the aim of identifying novel therapeutic approaches to overcome osimertinib resistance and improve patient outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziad Zalaquett
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Hôtel-Dieu de France University Hospital, Saint Joseph University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.
| | - Maria Catherine Rita Hachem
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Hôtel-Dieu de France University Hospital, Saint Joseph University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Yara Kassis
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Hôtel-Dieu de France University Hospital, Saint Joseph University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Samir Hachem
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Hôtel-Dieu de France University Hospital, Saint Joseph University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Roland Eid
- Department of Medical Oncology, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| | - Hampig Raphael Kourie
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Hôtel-Dieu de France University Hospital, Saint Joseph University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - David Planchard
- Department of Medical Oncology, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
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30
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Wu H, Lv WH, Zhu YY, Jia YY, Nie F. Ultrasound-mediated mesoporous silica nanoparticles loaded with PDLIM5 siRNA inhibit gefitinib resistance in NSCLC cells by attenuating EMT. Eur J Pharm Sci 2023; 182:106372. [PMID: 36621614 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2023.106372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR TKIs) was one of the main drugs in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Previous studies had demonstrated that PDZ and LIM Domain 5 (PDLIM5) played an important role in EGFR TKIs resistance. However, there was no feasible method to eliminate EGFR TKIs resistance by suppressing this gene. Here, we formulated a novel mesoporous silica-loaded PDLIM5 siRNA (Small interfering RNA) nanoplatforms. The results have shown that PDLIM5 siRNA could be effectively bound to the nanoplatforms and had good biocompatibility. Further exploration suggested that the nano-platform combined with ultrasonic irradiation could be very effective for siRNA delivery and ultrasound imaging. Moreover, Epithelial-mesenchymal transformation (EMT) changes occurred in PC-9 Gefitinib resistance (PC-9/GR) cells during the development of drug resistance. When PDLIM5 siRNA entered PC-9/GR cells, the sensitivity of drug-resistant cells to gefitinib could be restored through the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)/EMT pathway. Therefore, PDLIM5 may be an important reason for the resistance of NSCLC cells to gefitinib, and this nanoplatform may become a novel treatment for EGFR TKIs resistance in NSCLC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wu
- Ultrasound Medical Center, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Cuiyingmen No.82, Chengguan District, Lanzhou 730030, China; Gansu Province Clinical Research Center for Ultrasonography, Lanzhou, China; Gansu Province Medical Engineering Research Center for Intelligence Ultrasound, Lanzhou, China
| | - Wen-Hao Lv
- Ultrasound Medical Center, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Cuiyingmen No.82, Chengguan District, Lanzhou 730030, China; Gansu Province Clinical Research Center for Ultrasonography, Lanzhou, China; Gansu Province Medical Engineering Research Center for Intelligence Ultrasound, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yang-Yang Zhu
- Ultrasound Medical Center, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Cuiyingmen No.82, Chengguan District, Lanzhou 730030, China; Gansu Province Clinical Research Center for Ultrasonography, Lanzhou, China; Gansu Province Medical Engineering Research Center for Intelligence Ultrasound, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ying-Ying Jia
- Ultrasound Medical Center, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Cuiyingmen No.82, Chengguan District, Lanzhou 730030, China; Gansu Province Clinical Research Center for Ultrasonography, Lanzhou, China; Gansu Province Medical Engineering Research Center for Intelligence Ultrasound, Lanzhou, China
| | - Fang Nie
- Ultrasound Medical Center, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Cuiyingmen No.82, Chengguan District, Lanzhou 730030, China; Gansu Province Clinical Research Center for Ultrasonography, Lanzhou, China; Gansu Province Medical Engineering Research Center for Intelligence Ultrasound, Lanzhou, China.
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31
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Zhang Z, Tan Y, Huang C, Wei X. Redox signaling in drug-tolerant persister cells as an emerging therapeutic target. EBioMedicine 2023; 89:104483. [PMID: 36827719 PMCID: PMC9982619 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug-tolerant persister (DTP) cells have attracted significant interest, given their predominant role in treatment failure. In this respect, DTP cells reportedly survive after anticancer drug exposure, and their DNA repair mechanisms are altered to enhance adaptive mutation, accounting for the emergence of drug-resistant mutations. DTP cells resume proliferation upon treatment withdrawal and are responsible for cancer relapse. Current evidence suggests that DTP cells mediate redox signaling-mediated cellular homeostasis by developing various adaptive mechanisms, especially metabolic reprogramming that promotes mitochondrial oxidative respiration and a robust antioxidant process. There is an increasing consensus that disrupting redox homeostasis by intervening with redox signaling is theoretically a promising therapeutic strategy for targeting these sinister cells. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the characteristics of DTP cells and the underlying mechanisms involved in redox signaling, aiming to provide a unique perspective on potential therapeutic applications based on their vulnerabilities to redox regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Zhang
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, PR China
| | - Yunhan Tan
- West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Canhua Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, PR China.
| | - Xiawei Wei
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, PR China.
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32
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Ma L, Xuan XJ, Chen XM, Fan MH, Liu J, Huang GZ, Liu Z. Ethoxysanguinarine Induces Apoptosis, Inhibits Metastasis and Sensitizes cells to Docetaxel in Breast Cancer Cells through Inhibition of Hakai. Chem Biodivers 2023; 20:e202200284. [PMID: 36633334 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202200284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Ethoxysanguinarine (ESG) is a benzophenanthridine alkaloid extracted from plants of Papaveraceae family, such as Macleaya cordata (Willd) R. Br. The anti-cancer activity of ESG has been rarely reported. In this study, we investigated the anti-breast cancer effect of ESG and its underlying mechanism. MTT assay and flow cytometry analysis showed that ESG inhibited the viability and induced apoptosis in MCF7 and MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells. Western blot revealed that ESG triggered intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathways, as evidenced by the activation of caspase-8, caspase-9 and caspase-3. ESG attenuated breast cancer cell migration and invasion through Hakai/E-cadherin/N-cadherin. Moreover, Hakai knockdown sensitized ESG-triggered viability and motility inhibition, suggesting that Hakai mediated the anti-breast cancer effect of ESG. In addition, ESG potentiated the anti-cancer activity of docetaxel (DTX) in breast cancer cells. Overall, our findings demonstrate that ESG exhibits outstanding pro-apoptosis and anti-metastasis effects on breast cancer via a mechanism related to Hakai-related signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Ma
- Department of Chemical Biology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Ma'anshan, Anhui, 243002, China
| | - Xiao-Jing Xuan
- Department of Chemical Biology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Ma'anshan, Anhui, 243002, China
| | - Xue-Ming Chen
- Department of Chemical Biology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Ma'anshan, Anhui, 243002, China
| | - Ming-Hui Fan
- Department of Chemical Biology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Ma'anshan, Anhui, 243002, China
| | - Jian Liu
- Department of Chemical Biology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Ma'anshan, Anhui, 243002, China
| | - Guo-Zheng Huang
- Department of Chemical Biology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Ma'anshan, Anhui, 243002, China
| | - Zi Liu
- Department of Chemical Biology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Ma'anshan, Anhui, 243002, China
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Osimertinib Resistance: Molecular Mechanisms and Emerging Treatment Options. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15030841. [PMID: 36765799 PMCID: PMC9913144 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15030841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) targeting the mutant epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) protein initiated the success story of targeted therapies in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Osimertinib, a third-generation EGFR-TKI, is currently indicated as first-line therapy in patients with NSCLC with sensitizing EGFR mutations, as second-line therapy in patients who present the resistance-associated mutation T790M after treatment with previous EGFR-TKIs, and as adjuvant therapy for patients with early stage resected NSCLC, harboring EGFR mutations. Despite durable responses in patients with advanced NSCLC, resistance to osimertinib, similar to other targeted therapies, inevitably develops. Understanding the mechanisms of resistance, including both EGFR-dependent and -independent molecular pathways, as well as their therapeutic potential, represents an unmet need in thoracic oncology. Interestingly, differential resistance mechanisms develop when osimertinib is administered in a first-line versus second-line setting, indicating the importance of selection pressure and clonal evolution of tumor cells. Standard therapeutic approaches after progression to osimertinib include other targeted therapies, when a targetable genetic alteration is detected, and cytotoxic chemotherapy with or without antiangiogenic and immunotherapeutic agents. Deciphering the when and how to use immunotherapeutic agents in EGFR-positive NSCLC is a current challenge in clinical lung cancer research. Emerging treatment options after progression to osimertinib involve combinations of different therapeutic approaches and novel EGFR-TKI inhibitors. Research should also be focused on the standardization of liquid biopsies in order to facilitate the monitoring of molecular alterations after progression to osimertinib.
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Development of 99mTc-Hynic-Adh-1 Molecular Probe Specifically Targeting N-Cadherin and Its Preliminary Experimental Study in Monitoring Drug Resistance of Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15030755. [PMID: 36765712 PMCID: PMC9913320 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15030755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND N-cadherin is considered a characteristic protein of EMT and has been found to be closely related to tumor resistance. In this study, a novel molecular imaging probe, 99mTc-HYNIC-ADH-1, was developed, and its diagnostic value in monitoring drug resistance in NSCLC was preliminarily investigated. METHODS ADH-1 was labeled indirectly with 99mTc. Radiochemical purity and stability, partition coefficients and pharmacokinetics were evaluated. Additionally, the fluorescent probe of ADH-1 was synthesized to study tumor uptake in cells level and in vivo. Biodistribution analysis and small animal SPECT/CT were performed in PC9GR and PC9 tumor-bearing mice. RESULTS 99mTc-HYNIC-ADH-1 was highly stable (radiochemical purity ≥ 98% in PBS and serum after 24 h). A cell binding study and fluorescence imaging showed that the uptake was significantly higher in PC9GR cells (gefitinib-resistant) than in PC9 cells (nonresistant) (p < 0.05). Biodistribution analysis showed rapid blood clearance and significant uptake in the kidney and resistant tumor. Small animal SPECT/CT studies showed that uptake in PC9GR tumors (T/NT = 7.73 ± 0.54) was significantly higher than that in PC9 tumors (T/NT = 3.66 ± 0.78) at 1 h (p = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS The 99mTc-HYNIC-ADH-1 molecular probe has a short synthesis time, high labeling rate, high radiochemical purity and good stability, does not require purification, is characterized by rapid blood clearance and is mainly excreted through the urinary system. 99mTc-HYNIC-ADH-1 is considered a promising probe for monitoring drug resistance in NSCLC.
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35
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Chhouri H, Alexandre D, Grumolato L. Mechanisms of Acquired Resistance and Tolerance to EGFR Targeted Therapy in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15020504. [PMID: 36672453 PMCID: PMC9856371 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15020504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC) harboring activating mutations of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) are treated with specific tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) of this receptor, resulting in clinically responses that can generally last several months. Unfortunately, EGFR-targeted therapy also favors the emergence of drug tolerant or resistant cells, ultimately resulting in tumor relapse. Recently, cellular barcoding strategies have arisen as a powerful tool to investigate the clonal evolution of these subpopulations in response to anti-cancer drugs. In this review, we provide an overview of the currently available treatment options for NSCLC, focusing on EGFR targeted therapy, and discuss the common mechanisms of resistance to EGFR-TKIs. We also review the characteristics of drug-tolerant persister (DTP) cells and the mechanistic basis of drug tolerance in EGFR-mutant NSCLC. Lastly, we address how cellular barcoding can be applied to investigate the response and the behavior of DTP cells upon EGFR-TKI treatment.
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36
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Fabrizio FP, Sparaneo A, Muscarella LA. Monitoring EGFR-lung cancer evolution: a possible beginning of a "methylation era" in TKI resistance prediction. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1137384. [PMID: 37152062 PMCID: PMC10157092 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1137384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The advances in scientific knowledge on biological therapies of the last two decades have impressively oriented the clinical management of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. The treatment with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) in patients harboring Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR)-activating mutations is dramatically associated with an improvement in disease control. Anyhow, the prognosis for this selected group of patients remains unfavorable, due to the innate and/or acquired resistance to biological therapies. The methylome analysis of many tumors revealed multiple patterns of methylation at single/multiple cytosine-phosphate-guanine (CpG) sites that are linked to the modulation of several cellular pathways involved in cancer onset and progression. In lung cancer patients, ever increasing evidences also suggest that the association between DNA methylation changes at promoter/intergenic regions and the consequent alteration of gene-expression signatures could be related to the acquisition of resistance to biological therapies. Despite this intriguing hypothesis, large confirmatory studies are demanded to consolidate and finalize many preliminary observations made in this field. In this review, we will summarize the available knowledge about the dynamic role of DNA methylation in EGFR-mutated NSCLC patients.
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37
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Wang L, Fu H, Song L, Wu Z, Yu J, Guo Q, Chen C, Yang X, Zhang J, Wang Q, Duan Y, Yang Y. Overcoming AZD9291 Resistance and Metastasis of NSCLC via Ferroptosis and Multitarget Interference by Nanocatalytic Sensitizer Plus AHP-DRI-12. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2204133. [PMID: 36420659 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202204133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The acquired resistance to Osimertinib (AZD9291) greatly limits the clinical benefit of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), whereas AZD9291-resistant NSCLCs are prone to metastasis. It's challenging to overcome AZD9291 resistance and suppress metastasis of NSCLC simultaneously. Here, a nanocatalytic sensitizer (VF/S/A@CaP) is proposed to deliver Vitamin c (Vc)-Fe(II), si-OTUB2, ASO-MALAT1, resulting in efficient inhibition of tumor growth and metastasis of NSCLC by synergizing with AHP-DRI-12, an anti-hematogenous metastasis inhibitor by blocking the amyloid precursor protein (APP)/death receptor 6 (DR6) interaction designed by our lab. Fe2+ released from Vc-Fe(II) generates cytotoxic hydroxyl radicals (•OH) through Fenton reaction. Subsequently, glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) is consumed to sensitize AZD9291-resistant NSCLCs with high mesenchymal state to ferroptosis due to the glutathione (GSH) depletion caused by Vc/dehydroascorbic acid (DHA) conversion. By screening NSCLC patients' samples, metastasis-related targets (OTUB2, LncRNA MALAT1) are confirmed. Accordingly, the dual-target knockdown plus AHP-DRI-12 significantly suppresses the metastasis of AZD9291-resistant NSCLC. Such modality leads to 91.39% tumor inhibition rate in patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models. Collectively, this study highlights the vulnerability to ferroptosis of AZD9291-resistant tumors and confirms the potential of this nanocatalytic-medicine-based modality to overcome critical AZD9291 resistance and inhibit metastasis of NSCLC simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liting Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Hao Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Liwei Song
- Shanghai Pulmonary Tumor Medical Center, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Zhihua Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jian Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Qianqian Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Chuanrong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xupeng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jiali Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Quan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yourong Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yunhai Yang
- Shanghai Pulmonary Tumor Medical Center, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200080, China
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Hu C, Zhou A, Hu X, Xiang Y, Huang M, Huang J, Yang D, Tang Y. LMNA Reduced Acquired Resistance to Erlotinib in NSCLC by Reversing the Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition via the FGFR/MAPK/c-fos Signaling Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:13237. [PMID: 36362025 PMCID: PMC9658955 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 09/17/2023] Open
Abstract
For patients exhibiting non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with activating epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations, epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) are a first-line treatment. However, most patients who initially responded to EGFR-TKIs eventually developed acquired resistance, limiting the effectiveness of therapy. It has long been known that epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) leads to acquired resistance to EGFR-TKIs in NSCLC. However, the mechanisms underlying the resistance dependent on EMT are unknown. This research aimed to reveal the effects of LMNA in the regulation of acquired resistance to erlotinib by EMT in NSCLC. The acquired erlotinib-resistant cells (HCC827/ER) were induced by gradual increase of concentrations of erlotinib in erlotinib-sensitive HCC827 cells. RNA sequencing and bioinformatics analysis were performed to uncover the involvement of LMNA in the EMT process that induced acquired resistance to erlotinib. The effect of LMNA on cell proliferation and migration was measured by clone-formation, wound-healing, and transwell assays, respectively. The EMT-related protein, nuclear shape and volume, and cytoskeleton changes were examined by immunofluorescence. Western blot was used to identify the underlying molecular mechanism of LMNA regulation of EMT. HCC827/ER cells with acquired resistance to erlotinib underwent EMT and exhibited lower LMNA expression compared to parental sensitive cells. LMNA negatively regulated the expression of EMT markers; HCC827/ER cells showed a significant up-regulation of mesenchymal markers, such as CDH2, SNAI2, VIM, ZEB1, and TWIST1. The overexpression of LMNA in HCC827/ER cells significantly inhibited EMT and cell proliferation, and this inhibitory effect of LMNA was enhanced in the presence of 2.5 μM erlotinib. Furthermore, a decrease in LMNA expression resulted in a higher nuclear deformability and cytoskeletal changes. In HCC827/ER cells, AKT, FGFR, ERK1/2, and c-fos phosphorylation levels were higher than those in HCC827 cells; Furthermore, overexpression of LMNA in HCC827/ER cells reduced the phosphorylation of AKT, ERK1/2, c-fos, and FGFR. In conclusion, our findings first demonstrated that downregulation of LMNA promotes acquired EGFR-TKI resistance in NSCLC with EGFR mutations by EMT. LMNA inhibits cell proliferation and migration of erlotinib-resistant cells via inhibition of the FGFR/MAPK/c-fos signaling pathway. These findings indicated LMNA as a driver of acquired resistance to erlotinib and provided important information about the development of resistance to erlotinib treatment in NSCLC patients with EGFR mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunsheng Hu
- College of Pharmacy (International Academy of Targeted Therapeutics and Innovation), Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing 402160, China
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Anting Zhou
- College of Pharmacy (International Academy of Targeted Therapeutics and Innovation), Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing 402160, China
| | - Xin Hu
- College of Pharmacy (International Academy of Targeted Therapeutics and Innovation), Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing 402160, China
| | - Yu Xiang
- College of Pharmacy (International Academy of Targeted Therapeutics and Innovation), Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing 402160, China
| | - Mengjun Huang
- College of Pharmacy (International Academy of Targeted Therapeutics and Innovation), Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing 402160, China
| | - Jiuhong Huang
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Targeted and Innovative Therapeutics, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing 402160, China
| | - Donglin Yang
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Targeted and Innovative Therapeutics, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing 402160, China
| | - Yan Tang
- College of Pharmacy (International Academy of Targeted Therapeutics and Innovation), Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing 402160, China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Targeted and Innovative Therapeutics, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing 402160, China
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Roca-Lema D, Quiroga M, Khare V, Díaz-Díaz A, Barreiro-Alonso A, Rodríguez-Alonso A, Concha Á, Romay G, Cerdán ME, Gasche C, Figueroa A. Role of the E3 ubiquitin-ligase Hakai in intestinal inflammation and cancer bowel disease. Sci Rep 2022; 12:17571. [PMID: 36266428 PMCID: PMC9584894 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-22295-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The E3 ubiquitin-ligases are important for cellular protein homeostasis and their deregulation is implicated in cancer. The E3 ubiquitin-ligase Hakai is involved in tumour progression and metastasis, through the regulation of the tumour suppressor E-cadherin. Hakai is overexpressed in colon cancer, however, the implication in colitis-associated cancer is unknown. Here, we investigated the potential role of Hakai in intestinal inflammation and cancer bowel disease. Several mouse models of colitis and associated cancer were used to analyse Hakai expression by immunohistochemistry. We also analysed Hakai expression in patients with inflamed colon biopsies from ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. By Hakai interactome analysis, it was identified Fatty Acid Synthase (FASN) as a novel Hakai-interacting protein. Moreover, we show that Hakai induces FASN ubiquitination and degradation via lysosome, thus regulating FASN-mediated lipid accumulation. An inverse expression of FASN and Hakai was detected in inflammatory AOM/DSS mouse model. In conclusion, Hakai regulates FASN ubiquitination and degradation, resulting in the regulation of FASN-mediated lipid accumulation, which is associated to the development of inflammatory bowel disease. The interaction between Hakai and FASN may be an important mechanism for the homeostasis of intestinal barrier function and in the pathogenesis of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Roca-Lema
- grid.8073.c0000 0001 2176 8535Epithelial Plasticity and Metastasis Group, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), Sergas, Universidade da Coruña (UDC), As Xubias, 15006 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Macarena Quiroga
- grid.8073.c0000 0001 2176 8535Epithelial Plasticity and Metastasis Group, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), Sergas, Universidade da Coruña (UDC), As Xubias, 15006 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Vineeta Khare
- grid.22937.3d0000 0000 9259 8492Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andrea Díaz-Díaz
- grid.8073.c0000 0001 2176 8535Epithelial Plasticity and Metastasis Group, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), Sergas, Universidade da Coruña (UDC), As Xubias, 15006 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Aida Barreiro-Alonso
- grid.18886.3fFunctional Proteomics Group, Chester Beatty Laboratories, Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK ,grid.8073.c0000 0001 2176 8535EXPRELA, Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Departamento de BioloxíaFacultade de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, Campus da Zapateira, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Andrea Rodríguez-Alonso
- grid.8073.c0000 0001 2176 8535Epithelial Plasticity and Metastasis Group, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), Sergas, Universidade da Coruña (UDC), As Xubias, 15006 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Ángel Concha
- grid.411066.40000 0004 1771 0279Pathology Department and A Coruña Biobank From INIBIC, CHUAC, Sergas, UDC, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Gabriela Romay
- grid.8073.c0000 0001 2176 8535Epithelial Plasticity and Metastasis Group, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), Sergas, Universidade da Coruña (UDC), As Xubias, 15006 A Coruña, Spain
| | - M. Esperanza Cerdán
- grid.8073.c0000 0001 2176 8535EXPRELA, Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Departamento de BioloxíaFacultade de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, Campus da Zapateira, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Christoph Gasche
- grid.22937.3d0000 0000 9259 8492Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Angélica Figueroa
- grid.8073.c0000 0001 2176 8535Epithelial Plasticity and Metastasis Group, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), Sergas, Universidade da Coruña (UDC), As Xubias, 15006 A Coruña, Spain
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40
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Xu L, Zhou L, Yan C, Li L. Emerging role of N6-methyladenosine RNA methylation in lung diseases. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2022; 247:1862-1872. [PMID: 36278325 PMCID: PMC9679358 DOI: 10.1177/15353702221128564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, with the increase of air pollution, smoking, aging, and respiratory infection, the incidence rate and mortality of lung diseases are increasing annually, which has become a major hazard to human health. N6-methyladenosine (m6A) RNA methylation is the most abundant modifications in eukaryotes, and such modified RNA can be specifically recognized and combined by m6A recognition proteins and then mediate RNA splicing, maturation, enucleation, degradation, and translation. More and more studies have revealed that the m6A modification is involved in the pathogenesis and development of some diseases; however, the mechanisms of m6A in lung diseases are poorly understood. In this review, we summarize the latest progress in the biological function of m6A modifications in lung diseases and discuss the potential therapeutic and prognostic strategies. The dysregulation of global m6A levels and m6A regulators may affect the occurrence and development of asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, lung cancer, and other lung diseases through inflammation and immune function. In lung cancer, this modification has an important impact on malignant cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and drug resistance. In addition, abnormally changed m6A-modified proteins in lung cancer tissue samples and circulating tumor cells (CTCs) may be used as diagnostic and prognostic markers of lung cancer. Models composed of multiple m6A regulators can be used to evaluate the risk prediction or prognosis of asthma and pulmonary fibrosis. In general, the in-depth study of m6A modifications is a frontier direction in disease research. It provides novel insights for understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying disease occurrence, development, and drug resistance, as well as for the development of effective novel therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limin Xu
- Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Huzhou Normal University, Huzhou 313000, China,Huzhou Hospital, Zhejiang University, Huzhou 313000, China
| | - Lingyan Zhou
- Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Huzhou Normal University, Huzhou 313000, China,Huzhou Hospital, Zhejiang University, Huzhou 313000, China
| | - Chenxin Yan
- Shulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, China
| | - Liqin Li
- Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Huzhou Normal University, Huzhou 313000, China,Huzhou Hospital, Zhejiang University, Huzhou 313000, China,Liqin Li.
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41
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Dzul Keflee R, Hoong Leong K, Ogawa S, Bignon J, Chiang Chan M, Weng Kong K. Overview of the multifaceted resistances toward EGFR-TKIs and new chemotherapeutic strategies in non-small cell lung cancer. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 205:115262. [PMID: 36191627 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The role of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has been vastly studied over the last decade. This has led to the rapid development of many generations of EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs). However, patients treated with third-generation TKIs (osimertinib, avitinib and rociletinib) targeting the EGFR T790M mutation have shown emerging resistances and relapses. Therefore, further molecular understanding of NSCLC mutations, bypass signalling, tumour microenvironment and the existence of cancer stem cells to overcome such resistances is warranted. This will pave the way for designing novel and effective chemotherapies to improve patients' overall survival. In this review, we provide an overview of the multifaceted mechanism of resistances towards EGFR-TKIs, as well as the challenges and perspectives that should be addressed in strategising chemotherapeutic treatments to overcome the ever evolving and adaptive nature of NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashidi Dzul Keflee
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kok Hoong Leong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Satoshi Ogawa
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Jerome Bignon
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles CNRS UPR 2301, Université Paris Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Mun Chiang Chan
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kin Weng Kong
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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42
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Sun SY. Targeting apoptosis to manage acquired resistance to third generation EGFR inhibitors. Front Med 2022; 16:701-713. [PMID: 36152124 DOI: 10.1007/s11684-022-0951-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A significant clinical challenge in lung cancer treatment is management of the inevitable acquired resistance to third-generation epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs), such as osimertinib, which have shown remarkable success in the treatment of advanced NSCLC with EGFR activating mutations, in order to achieve maximal response duration or treatment remission. Apoptosis is a major type of programmed cell death tightly associated with cancer development and treatment. Evasion of apoptosis is considered a key hallmark of cancer and acquisition of apoptosis resistance is accordingly a key mechanism of drug acquired resistance in cancer therapy. It has been clearly shown that effective induction of apoptosis is a key mechanism for third generation EGFR-TKIs, particularly osimertinib, to exert their therapeutic efficacies and the development of resistance to apoptosis is tightly associated with the emergence of acquired resistance. Hence, restoration of cell sensitivity to undergo apoptosis using various means promises an effective strategy for the management of acquired resistance to third generation EGFR-TKIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Yong Sun
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine and Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
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43
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Protein tyrosine kinase inhibitor resistance in malignant tumors: molecular mechanisms and future perspective. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:329. [PMID: 36115852 PMCID: PMC9482625 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-01168-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
AbstractProtein tyrosine kinases (PTKs) are a class of proteins with tyrosine kinase activity that phosphorylate tyrosine residues of critical molecules in signaling pathways. Their basal function is essential for maintaining normal cell growth and differentiation. However, aberrant activation of PTKs caused by various factors can deviate cell function from the expected trajectory to an abnormal growth state, leading to carcinogenesis. Inhibiting the aberrant PTK function could inhibit tumor growth. Therefore, tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), target-specific inhibitors of PTKs, have been used in treating malignant tumors and play a significant role in targeted therapy of cancer. Currently, drug resistance is the main reason for limiting TKIs efficacy of cancer. The increasing studies indicated that tumor microenvironment, cell death resistance, tumor metabolism, epigenetic modification and abnormal metabolism of TKIs were deeply involved in tumor development and TKI resistance, besides the abnormal activation of PTK-related signaling pathways involved in gene mutations. Accordingly, it is of great significance to study the underlying mechanisms of TKIs resistance and find solutions to reverse TKIs resistance for improving TKIs efficacy of cancer. Herein, we reviewed the drug resistance mechanisms of TKIs and the potential approaches to overcome TKI resistance, aiming to provide a theoretical basis for improving the efficacy of TKIs.
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TIAM2 Contributes to Osimertinib Resistance, Cell Motility, and Tumor-Associated Macrophage M2-like Polarization in Lung Adenocarcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810415. [PMID: 36142328 PMCID: PMC9499457 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Osimertinib-based therapy effectively improves the prognosis of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) patients with epidermal growth factor receptor mutations. However, patients will have cancer progression after approximately one year due to the occurrence of drug resistance. Extensive evidence has revealed that lipid metabolism and tumor-associated macrophage (TAM) are associated with drug resistance, which deserves further exploration. Methods: An osimertinib resistance index (ORi) was built to investigate the link between lipid metabolism and osimertinib resistance. The ORi was constructed and validated using TCGA and GEO data, and the relationship between ORi and immune infiltration was discussed. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis based on the M2/M1 macrophage ratio determined the hub gene TIAM2 and the biological function of TIAM2 in LUAD was verified in vitro. Results: ORi based on nine lipid metabolism-related genes was successfully constructed, which could accurately reflect the resistance of LUAD patients to osimertinib, predict the prognosis, and correlate with M2-like TAM. Additionally, TIAM2 was found to increase osimertinib tolerance, enhance cell motility, and promote M2-like TAM polarization in LUAD. Conclusions: The lipid metabolism gene is strongly connected with osimertinib resistance. TIAM2 contributes to osimertinib resistance, enhances cell motility, and induces M2-like TAM polarization in LUAD.
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The current state of the art and future trends in RAS-targeted cancer therapies. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2022; 19:637-655. [PMID: 36028717 PMCID: PMC9412785 DOI: 10.1038/s41571-022-00671-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Despite being the most frequently altered oncogenic protein in solid tumours, KRAS has historically been considered ‘undruggable’ owing to a lack of pharmacologically targetable pockets within the mutant isoforms. However, improvements in drug design have culminated in the development of inhibitors that are selective for mutant KRAS in its active or inactive state. Some of these inhibitors have proven efficacy in patients with KRASG12C-mutant cancers and have become practice changing. The excitement associated with these advances has been tempered by drug resistance, which limits the depth and/or duration of responses to these agents. Improvements in our understanding of RAS signalling in cancer cells and in the tumour microenvironment suggest the potential for several novel combination therapies, which are now being explored in clinical trials. Herein, we provide an overview of the RAS pathway and review the development and current status of therapeutic strategies for targeting oncogenic RAS, as well as their potential to improve outcomes in patients with RAS-mutant malignancies. We then discuss challenges presented by resistance mechanisms and strategies by which they could potentially be overcome. The RAS oncogenes are among the most common drivers of tumour development and progression but have historically been considered undruggable. The development of direct KRAS inhibitors has changed this paradigm, although currently clinical use of these novel therapeutics is limited to a select subset of patients, and intrinsic or acquired resistance presents an inevitable challenge to cure. Herein, the authors provide an overview of the RAS pathway in cancer and review the ongoing efforts to develop effective therapeutic strategies for RAS-mutant cancers. They also discuss the current understanding of mechanisms of resistance to direct KRAS inhibitors and strategies by which they might be overcome. Owing to intrinsic and extrinsic factors, KRAS and other RAS isoforms have until recently been impervious to targeting with small-molecule inhibitors. Inhibitors of the KRASG12C variant constitute a potential breakthrough in the treatment of many cancer types, particularly non-small-cell lung cancer, for which such an agent has been approved by the FDA. Several forms of resistance to KRAS inhibitors have been defined, including primary, adaptive and acquired resistance; these resistance mechanisms are being targeted in studies that combine KRAS inhibitors with inhibitors of horizontal or vertical signalling pathways. Mutant KRAS has important effects on the tumour microenvironment, including the immunological milieu; these effects must be considered to fully understand resistance to KRAS inhibitors and when designing novel treatment strategies.
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Ablative Radiotherapy as a Strategy to Overcome TKI Resistance in EGFR-Mutated NSCLC. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14163983. [PMID: 36010982 PMCID: PMC9406789 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14163983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Most patients with EGFR-mutated NSCLC who receive treatment with targeted therapy will eventually develop resistance, meaning the therapy will lose its efficacy. Prior studies have shown a benefit to continuing to treat patients on TKI therapy despite limited progression of one or more sites of metastatic disease in EGFR-mutated NSCLC. Based on the data reviewed here, the use of radiation therapy to sites of disease progression is both efficacious and carries a low risk for side effects, with the added benefit of allowing patients to continue on TKI therapy. Abstract Tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) therapy is the recommended first-line treatment for metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) positive for epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene mutation. However, most individuals treated with TKI therapy for EGFR-mutant NSCLC will develop tumor resistance to TKI therapy. Therapeutic strategies to overcome TKI resistance are the topic of several ongoing clinical trials. One potential strategy, which has been explored in numerous trials, is the treatment of progressive sites of disease with stereotactic body radiation treatment (SBRT) or stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS). We sought to review the literature pertaining to the use of local ablative radiation therapy in the setting of acquired resistance to TKI therapy and to discuss stereotactic radiation therapy as a strategy to overcome TKI resistance.
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47
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Ding X, Zhu Z, Lapek J, McMillan EA, Zhang A, Chung CY, Dubbury S, Lapira J, Firdaus S, Kang X, Gao J, Oyer J, Chionis J, Rollins RA, Li L, Niessen S, Bagrodia S, Zhang L, VanArsdale T. PARP1-SNAI2 transcription axis drives resistance to PARP inhibitor, Talazoparib. Sci Rep 2022; 12:12501. [PMID: 35864202 PMCID: PMC9304387 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-16623-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The synthetic lethal association between BRCA deficiency and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibition supports PARP inhibitor (PARPi) clinical efficacy in BRCA-mutated tumors. PARPis also demonstrate activity in non-BRCA mutated tumors presumably through induction of PARP1-DNA trapping. Despite pronounced clinical response, therapeutic resistance to PARPis inevitably develops. An abundance of knowledge has been built around resistance mechanisms in BRCA-mutated tumors, however, parallel understanding in non-BRCA mutated settings remains insufficient. In this study, we find a strong correlation between the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) signature and resistance to a clinical PARPi, Talazoparib, in non-BRCA mutated tumor cells. Genetic profiling demonstrates that SNAI2, a master EMT transcription factor, is transcriptionally induced by Talazoparib treatment or PARP1 depletion and this induction is partially responsible for the emerging resistance. Mechanistically, we find that the PARP1 protein directly binds to SNAI2 gene promoter and suppresses its transcription. Talazoparib treatment or PARP1 depletion lifts PARP1-mediated suppression and increases chromatin accessibility around SNAI2 promoters, thus driving SNAI2 transcription and drug resistance. We also find that depletion of the chromatin remodeler CHD1L suppresses SNAI2 expression and reverts acquired resistance to Talazoparib. The PARP1/CHD1L/SNAI2 transcription axis might be therapeutically targeted to re-sensitize Talazoparib in non-BRCA mutated tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Ding
- Oncology Research Unit, Pfizer, Inc., San Diego, CA, 92121, USA.
| | - Zhou Zhu
- Oncology Research Unit, Pfizer, Inc., San Diego, CA, 92121, USA.,AstraZeneca, Inc., Gaithersburg, MD, 20878, USA
| | - John Lapek
- Oncology Research Unit, Pfizer, Inc., San Diego, CA, 92121, USA.,Belharra Therapeutics, Inc., San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - Elizabeth A McMillan
- Oncology Research Unit, Pfizer, Inc., San Diego, CA, 92121, USA.,Odyssey Therapeutics., San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - Alexander Zhang
- Oncology Research Unit, Pfizer, Inc., San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - Chi-Yeh Chung
- Oncology Research Unit, Pfizer, Inc., San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - Sara Dubbury
- Oncology Research Unit, Pfizer, Inc., San Diego, CA, 92121, USA.,Bristol Myers Squibb., San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - Jennifer Lapira
- Oncology Research Unit, Pfizer, Inc., San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - Sarah Firdaus
- Oncology Research Unit, Pfizer, Inc., San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - Xiaolin Kang
- Oncology Research Unit, Pfizer, Inc., San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - Jingjin Gao
- Oncology Research Unit, Pfizer, Inc., San Diego, CA, 92121, USA.,Turning Point Therapeutics., San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - Jon Oyer
- Oncology Research Unit, Pfizer, Inc., San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - John Chionis
- Oncology Research Unit, Pfizer, Inc., San Diego, CA, 92121, USA.,Genesis Therapeutics., San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | | | - Lianjie Li
- Oncology Research Unit, Pfizer, Inc., San Diego, CA, 92121, USA.,Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, NY, 10591, USA
| | - Sherry Niessen
- Oncology Research Unit, Pfizer, Inc., San Diego, CA, 92121, USA.,Belharra Therapeutics, Inc., San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - Shubha Bagrodia
- Oncology Research Unit, Pfizer, Inc., San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - Lianglin Zhang
- Oncology Research Unit, Pfizer, Inc., San Diego, CA, 92121, USA.
| | - Todd VanArsdale
- Oncology Research Unit, Pfizer, Inc., San Diego, CA, 92121, USA.
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Shi K, Wang G, Pei J, Zhang J, Wang J, Ouyang L, Wang Y, Li W. Emerging strategies to overcome resistance to third-generation EGFR inhibitors. J Hematol Oncol 2022; 15:94. [PMID: 35840984 PMCID: PMC9287895 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-022-01311-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), the receptor for members of the epidermal growth factor family, regulates cell proliferation and signal transduction; moreover, EGFR is related to the inhibition of tumor cell proliferation, angiogenesis, invasion, metastasis, and apoptosis. Therefore, EGFR has become an important target for the treatment of cancer, including non-small cell lung cancer, head and neck cancer, breast cancer, glioma, cervical cancer, and bladder cancer. First- to third-generation EGFR inhibitors have shown considerable efficacy and have significantly improved disease prognosis. However, most patients develop drug resistance after treatment. The challenge of overcoming intrinsic and acquired resistance in primary and recurrent cancer mediated by EGFR mutations is thus driving the search for alternative strategies in the design of new therapeutic agents. In view of resistance to third-generation inhibitors, understanding the intricate mechanisms of resistance will offer insight for the development of more advanced targeted therapies. In this review, we discuss the molecular mechanisms of resistance to third-generation EGFR inhibitors and review recent strategies for overcoming resistance, new challenges, and future development directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunyu Shi
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, Institute of Respiratory Health, Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.,Tianfu Jincheng Laboratory, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Guan Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, Institute of Respiratory Health, Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Junping Pei
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, Institute of Respiratory Health, Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jifa Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, Institute of Respiratory Health, Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.,Tianfu Jincheng Laboratory, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jiaxing Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
| | - Liang Ouyang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, Institute of Respiratory Health, Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China. .,Tianfu Jincheng Laboratory, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Yuxi Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, Institute of Respiratory Health, Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China. .,Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province and Precision Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China. .,Tianfu Jincheng Laboratory, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Weimin Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, Institute of Respiratory Health, Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China. .,Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province and Precision Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China. .,Tianfu Jincheng Laboratory, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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Resistance to TKIs in EGFR-Mutated Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: From Mechanisms to New Therapeutic Strategies. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14143337. [PMID: 35884398 PMCID: PMC9320011 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14143337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Resistance to tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in advanced mutant non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) constitutes a therapeutic challenge. Resistance may occur as a result of EGFR-dependent and independent molecular pathways. The first commonly includes T790M, C797S, L792X and L718X mutations, while the latter pertains to HER2 and MET amplifications, gene rearrangements, disruption in PIK3CA, MAPK signaling and SCLC and epithelial–mesenchymal cells transformation. Liquid biopsies detecting mutant cell-free DNA (cfDNA) have a major potential in the detection of mutant clones before they become clinically apparent. Newer-generation TKIs, bispecific antibodies and antibody-drug conjugates or combinations of TKIs with other TKIs or chemotherapy, immunotherapy and anti-vascular endothelial growth factors (anti-VEGFs) are currently in use or under investigation in EGFR mutant NSCLC. In EGFR mutant NSCLC metastatic to the brain, the blood–brain barrier (BBB) decreases the ability of TKIs to reach the central nervous system (CNS), acting as an additional resistance factor, which can presently be addressed with osimertinib. The potential of rechallenging EFGR TKIs after chemotherapy and combining it with anti-PD-1 immunotherapeutics remains ambivalent. Harnessing nanocarriers to improve drug delivery in EGFR TKIs-resistant NSCLC has been promising in preclinical settings, but it is yet to be determined in a clinical context. Abstract Resistance to tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in advanced mutant Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) constitutes a therapeutic challenge. This review intends to summarize the existing knowledge about the mechanisms of resistance to TKIs in the context of EGFR mutant NSCLC and discuss its clinical and therapeutic implications. EGFR-dependent and independent molecular pathways have the potential to overcome or circumvent the activity of EGFR-targeted agents including the third-generation TKI, osimertinib, negatively impacting clinical outcomes. CNS metastases occur frequently in patients on EGFR-TKIs, due to the inability of first and second-generation agents to overcome both the BBB and the acquired resistance of cancer cells in the CNS. Newer-generation TKIs, TKIs targeting EGFR-independent resistance mechanisms, bispecific antibodies and antibody-drug conjugates or combinations of TKIs with other TKIs or chemotherapy, immunotherapy and Anti-Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors (anti-VEGFs) are currently in use or under investigation in EGFR mutant NSCLC. Liquid biopsies detecting mutant cell-free DNA (cfDNA) provide a window of opportunity to attack mutant clones before they become clinically apparent. Overall, EGFR TKIs-resistant NSCLC constitutes a multifaceted therapeutic challenge. Mapping its underlying mutational landscape, accelerating the detection of resistance mechanisms and diversifying treatment strategies are essential for the management of the disease.
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50
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Duan Q, Shen X, He D, Xu Y, Zheng Z, Zheng Z, Jiang X, Ren M, Chen L, Zhang T, Lu Y, Ye L, Xie X. Role and Mechanism of Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition Mediated by Inflammatory Stress-Induced TGF- β1 in Promoting Arteriovenous Fistula Stenosis. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2022; 2022:9454843. [PMID: 37671238 PMCID: PMC10477026 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9454843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
Objective To explore the role and mechanism of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) mediated by inflammatory stress-induced TGF-β1 in promoting arteriovenous fistula stenosis. Methods The inflammatory cells HK-2 were cultured by adding TGF-β1. The optimal stimulation time was determined after TGF-β1 was added. HK-2 cells were divided into two groups, DMEM/F12 medium was added to one group (the control group), and the other group was treated with TGF-β1 (10 ng/ml) in serum-free DMEM/F12 medium to stimulate cell differentiation to mesenchymal. Results TGF-β1 was stably expressed after being transfected into EMT. The expression of TGF-β1 in the experimental group was higher than that in the control group (P < 0.05) 7 days after transfection. Western blot showed that TGF-β1 protein expression was higher in the experimental group 7 days after transfection, and no TGF-β1 protein expression was detected in the control group. The smooth muscle cells showed α-SMA expression in the control group, but no cells with expression of SMA and CD31/vWF were found at the same time; α-SMA expression was shown in smooth muscle cells and proliferative myofibroblasts, but no cells with expressions of SMA and CD31/vWF were found at the same time. The observation group showed that the expression of α-SMA was detected in smooth muscle cells and proliferative myofibroblasts, CD31/vWF was also expressed in endothelial cells, and α-SMA and vWF were also observed in endothelial cells, but no CD31 expression was found. Conclusion The inflammatory stress-induced TGF-β1 could act on epithelial-mesenchymal transition and promote the degree of arteriovenous fistula stenosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Duan
- Nephrology Department, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Xiaogang Shen
- Nephrology Department, Zhejiang Provincial Peoples' Hospital, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Dongyuan He
- Nephrology Department, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Yuankai Xu
- Nephrology Department, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Zhigui Zheng
- Nephrology Department, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Zhibo Zheng
- Nephrology Department, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Xinxin Jiang
- Nephrology Department, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Min Ren
- The Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Lili Chen
- Nephrology Department, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Nephrology Department, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Yunan Lu
- Nephrology Department, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Luxi Ye
- Nephrology Department, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Xiaohui Xie
- Nephrology Department, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou 310012, China
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