1
|
Dyshlovoy SA, Mansour WY, Ramm NA, Hauschild J, Zhidkov ME, Kriegs M, Zielinski A, Hoffer K, Busenbender T, Glumakova KA, Spirin PV, Prassolov VS, Tilki D, Graefen M, Bokemeyer C, von Amsberg G. Synthesis and new DNA targeting activity of 6- and 7-tert-butylfascaplysins. Sci Rep 2024; 14:11788. [PMID: 38783016 PMCID: PMC11116464 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-62358-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Fascaplysin is a red cytotoxic pigment with anticancer properties isolated from the marine sponge Fascaplysinopsis sp. Recently, structure-activity relationship analysis reported by our group suggested that selective cytotoxicity of fascaplysin derivatives towards tumor cells negatively correlates with their ability to intercalate into DNA. To validate this hypothesis, we synthesized 6- and 7-tert-butylfascaplysins which reveal mitigated DNA-intercalating properties. These derivatives were found to be strongly cytotoxic to drug-resistant human prostate cancer cells, albeit did not demonstrate improved selectivity towards cancer cells when compared to fascaplysin. At the same time, kinome analysis suggested an activation of CHK1/ATR axis in cancer cells shortly after the drug exposure. Further experiments revealed induction of replication stress that is eventually converted to the toxic DNA double-strand breaks, resulting in caspase-independent apoptosis-like cell death. Our observations highlight new DNA-targeting effect of some fascaplysin derivatives and indicate more complex structure-activity relationships within the fascaplysin family, suggesting that cytotoxicity and selectivity of these alkaloids are influenced by multiple factors. Furthermore, combination with clinically-approved inhibitors of ATR/CHK1 as well as testing in tumors particularly sensitive to the DNA damage should be considered in further studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sergey A Dyshlovoy
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation With Section Pneumology, Hubertus Wald Tumorzentrum - University Cancer Center Hamburg (UCCH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Wael Y Mansour
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Hubertus Wald Tumorzentrum - University Cancer Center Hamburg (UCCH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
- Mildred Scheel Cancer Career Center HaTriCS4, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Natalia A Ramm
- Department of Chemistry and Materials, Institute of High Technologies and Advanced Materials, Far Eastern Federal University, FEFU Campus, Ajax Bay 10, 690922, Vladivostok, Russky Island, Russian Federation
| | - Jessica Hauschild
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation With Section Pneumology, Hubertus Wald Tumorzentrum - University Cancer Center Hamburg (UCCH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Maxim E Zhidkov
- Department of Chemistry and Materials, Institute of High Technologies and Advanced Materials, Far Eastern Federal University, FEFU Campus, Ajax Bay 10, 690922, Vladivostok, Russky Island, Russian Federation
| | - Malte Kriegs
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Hubertus Wald Tumorzentrum - University Cancer Center Hamburg (UCCH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
- UCCH Kinomics Core Facility, Hubertus Wald Tumorzentrum - University Cancer Center Hamburg (UCCH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Alexandra Zielinski
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Hubertus Wald Tumorzentrum - University Cancer Center Hamburg (UCCH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Konstantin Hoffer
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Hubertus Wald Tumorzentrum - University Cancer Center Hamburg (UCCH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
- UCCH Kinomics Core Facility, Hubertus Wald Tumorzentrum - University Cancer Center Hamburg (UCCH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Busenbender
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation With Section Pneumology, Hubertus Wald Tumorzentrum - University Cancer Center Hamburg (UCCH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ksenia A Glumakova
- Department of Cancer Cell Biology, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova 32, 119991, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Pavel V Spirin
- Department of Cancer Cell Biology, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova 32, 119991, Moscow, Russian Federation
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova 32, 119991, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Vladimir S Prassolov
- Department of Cancer Cell Biology, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova 32, 119991, Moscow, Russian Federation
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova 32, 119991, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Derya Tilki
- Department of Urology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Urology, Koc University Hospital, 34010, Istanbul, Turkey
- Martini-Klinik, Prostate Cancer Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Markus Graefen
- Martini-Klinik, Prostate Cancer Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Carsten Bokemeyer
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation With Section Pneumology, Hubertus Wald Tumorzentrum - University Cancer Center Hamburg (UCCH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Gunhild von Amsberg
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation With Section Pneumology, Hubertus Wald Tumorzentrum - University Cancer Center Hamburg (UCCH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
- Martini-Klinik, Prostate Cancer Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ghosh D, Pryor B, Jiang N. Cellular signaling in glioblastoma: A molecular and clinical perspective. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 386:1-47. [PMID: 38782497 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2024.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most aggressive brain tumor with an average life expectancy of less than 15 months. Such high patient mortality in GBM is pertaining to the presence of clinical and molecular heterogeneity attributed to various genetic and epigenetic alterations. Such alterations in critically important signaling pathways are attributed to aberrant gene signaling. Different subclasses of GBM show predominance of different genetic alterations and therefore, understanding the complex signaling pathways and their key molecular components in different subclasses of GBM is extremely important with respect to clinical management. In this book chapter, we summarize the common and important signaling pathways that play a significant role in different subclasses and discuss their therapeutic targeting approaches in terms of preclinical studies and clinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Debarati Ghosh
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States.
| | - Brett Pryor
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Nancy Jiang
- Wellesley College, Wellesley, MA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Neves ER, Anand A, Mueller J, Remy RA, Xu H, Selting KA, Sarkaria JN, Harley BA, Pedron-Haba S. Targeting glioblastoma tumor hyaluronan to enhance therapeutic interventions that regulate metabolic cell properties. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.05.574065. [PMID: 38260497 PMCID: PMC10802468 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.05.574065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Despite extensive advances in cancer research, glioblastoma (GBM) still remains a very locally invasive and thus challenging tumor to treat, with a poor median survival. Tumor cells remodel their microenvironment and utilize extracellular matrix to promote invasion and therapeutic resistance. We aim here to determine how GBM cells exploit hyaluronan (HA) to maintain proliferation using ligand-receptor dependent and ligand-receptor independent signaling. We use tissue engineering approaches to recreate the three-dimensional tumor microenvironment in vitro, then analyze shifts in metabolism, hyaluronan secretion, HA molecular weight distribution, as well as hyaluronan synthetic enzymes (HAS) and hyaluronidases (HYAL) activity in an array of patient derived xenograft GBM cells. We reveal that endogenous HA plays a role in mitochondrial respiration and cell proliferation in a tumor subtype dependent manner. We propose a tumor specific combination treatment of HYAL and HAS inhibitors to disrupt the HA stabilizing role in GBM cells. Taken together, these data shed light on the dual metabolic and ligand - dependent signaling roles of hyaluronan in glioblastoma. Significance The control of aberrant hyaluronan metabolism in the tumor microenvironment can improve the efficacy of current treatments. Bioengineered preclinical models demonstrate potential to predict, stratify and accelerate the development of cancer treatments.
Collapse
|
4
|
Bakshi HA, Mkhael M, Faruck HL, Khan AU, Aljabali AAA, Mishra V, El-Tanani M, Charbe NB, Tambuwala MM. Cellular signaling in the hypoxic cancer microenvironment: Implications for drug resistance and therapeutic targeting. Cell Signal 2024; 113:110911. [PMID: 37805102 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2023.110911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
The rewiring of cellular metabolism is a defining characteristic of cancer, as tumor cells adapt to acquire essential nutrients from a nutrient-poor environment to sustain their viability and biomass. While hypoxia has been identified as a major factor depriving cancer cells of nutrients, recent studies have revealed that cancer cells distant from supporting blood vessels also face nutrient limitations. To overcome this challenge, hypoxic cancer cells, which heavily rely on glucose as an energy source, employ alternative pathways such as glycogen metabolism and reductive carboxylation of glutamine to meet their energy requirements for survival. Our preliminary studies, alongside others in the field, have shown that under glucose-deficient conditions, hypoxic cells can utilize mannose and maltose as alternative energy sources. This review aims to comprehensively examine the hypoxic cancer microenvironment, its association with drug resistance, and potential therapeutic strategies for targeting this unique niche. Furthermore, we will critically evaluate the current literature on hypoxic cancer microenvironments and explore state-of-the-art techniques used to analyze alternate carbohydrates, specifically mannose and maltose, in complex biological fluids. We will also propose the most effective analytical methods for quantifying mannose and maltose in such biological samples. By gaining a deeper understanding of the hypoxic cancer cell microenvironment and its role in drug resistance, novel therapeutic approaches can be developed to exploit this knowledge.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hamid A Bakshi
- Laboratory of Cancer Therapy Resistance and Drug Target Discovery, The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin MN55912, USA; School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ulster University, BT521SA, UK.
| | - Michella Mkhael
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ulster University, BT521SA, UK
| | - Hakkim L Faruck
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling and Tumorigenesis, The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin MN55912, USA
| | - Asad Ullah Khan
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Chronic Diseases, The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin MN55912, USA
| | - Alaa A A Aljabali
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yarmouk University Irbid, Jordan
| | - Vijay Mishra
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144411, India
| | - Mohamed El-Tanani
- RAK Medical and Health Sciences University, Ras al Khaimah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Nitin B Charbe
- Center for Pharmacometrics & Systems Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutics (Lake Nona), University of Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Murtaza M Tambuwala
- Lincoln Medical School, University of Lincoln, Brayford Pool Campus, Lincoln LN6 7TS, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Vincent CA, Nissen I, Dakhel S, Hörnblad A, Remeseiro S. Epigenomic perturbation of novel EGFR enhancers reduces the proliferative and invasive capacity of glioblastoma and increases sensitivity to temozolomide. BMC Cancer 2023; 23:945. [PMID: 37803333 PMCID: PMC10557167 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-11418-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastoma (GB) is the most aggressive of all primary brain tumours and due to its highly invasive nature, surgical resection is nearly impossible. Patients typically rely on radiotherapy with concurrent temozolomide (TMZ) treatment and face a median survival of ~ 14 months. Alterations in the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor gene (EGFR) are common in GB tumours, but therapies targeting EGFR have not shown significant clinical efficacy. METHODS Here, we investigated the influence of the EGFR regulatory genome on GB cells and identified novel EGFR enhancers located near the GB-associated SNP rs723527. We used CRISPR/Cas9-based approaches to target the EGFR enhancer regions, generating multiple modified GB cell lines, which enabled us to study the functional response to enhancer perturbation. RESULTS Epigenomic perturbation of the EGFR regulatory region decreases EGFR expression and reduces the proliferative and invasive capacity of glioblastoma cells, which also undergo a metabolic reprogramming in favour of mitochondrial respiration and present increased apoptosis. Moreover, EGFR enhancer-perturbation increases the sensitivity of GB cells to TMZ, the first-choice chemotherapeutic agent to treat glioblastoma. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate how epigenomic perturbation of EGFR enhancers can ameliorate the aggressiveness of glioblastoma cells and enhance the efficacy of TMZ treatment. This study demonstrates how CRISPR/Cas9-based perturbation of enhancers can be used to modulate the expression of key cancer genes, which can help improve the effectiveness of existing cancer treatments and potentially the prognosis of difficult-to-treat cancers such as glioblastoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Craig A Vincent
- Umeå Centre for Molecular Medicine (UCMM), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine (WCMM), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Itzel Nissen
- Umeå Centre for Molecular Medicine (UCMM), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine (WCMM), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Soran Dakhel
- Umeå Centre for Molecular Medicine (UCMM), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine (WCMM), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Andreas Hörnblad
- Umeå Centre for Molecular Medicine (UCMM), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Silvia Remeseiro
- Umeå Centre for Molecular Medicine (UCMM), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine (WCMM), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Yao ZG, Hua F, Yin ZH, Xue YJ, Hou YH, Nie YC, Zheng ZM, Zhao MQ, Guo XH, Ma C, Li XK, Wang Z, Liu GC, Zhang GH. Characteristics of glioblastomas and immune microenvironment in a Chinese family with Lynch syndrome and concurrent porokeratosis. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1194232. [PMID: 37529690 PMCID: PMC10388537 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1194232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Lynch syndrome (LS)-associated glioblastoma (GBM) is rare in clinical practice, and simultaneous occurrence with cutaneous porokeratosis is even rarer. In this study, we analyzed the clinicopathological and genetic characteristics of LS-associated GBMs and concurrent porokeratosis, as well as evaluated the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) of LS-associated GBMs. Methods Immunohistochemical staining was used to confirm the histopathological diagnosis, assess MMR and PD-1/PD-L1 status, and identify immune cell subsets. FISH was used to detect amplification of EGFR and PDGFRA, and deletion of 1p/19q and CDKN2A. Targeted NGS assay analyzed somatic variants, MSI, and TMB status, while whole-exome sequencing and Sanger sequencing were carried out to analyze the germline mutations. Results In the LS family, three members (I:1, II:1 and II:4) were affected by GBM. GBMs with loss of MSH2 and MSH6 expression displayed giant and multinucleated bizarre cells, along with mutations in ARID1A, TP53, ATM, and NF1 genes. All GBMs had TMB-H but not MSI-H. CD8+ T cells and CD163+ macrophages were abundant in each GBM tissue. The primary and recurrent GBMs of II:1 showed mesenchymal characteristics with high PD-L1 expression. The family members harbored a novel heterozygous germline mutation in MSH2 and FDPS genes, confirming the diagnosis of LS and disseminated superficial actinic porokeratosis. Conclusion LS-associated GBM exhibits heterogeneity in clinicopathologic and molecular genetic features, as well as a suppressive TIME. The presence of MMR deficiency and TMB-H may serve as predictive factors for the response to immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy in GBMs. The identification of LS-associated GBM can provide significant benefits to both patients and their family members, including accurate diagnosis, genetic counseling, and appropriate screening or surveillance protocols. Our study serves as a reminder to clinicians and pathologists to consider the possibility of concurrent genetic syndromes in individuals or families.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Gang Yao
- Department of Pathology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Department of Pathology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Fang Hua
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Zuo-Hua Yin
- Department of Pathology, The People’s Hospital of Huaiyin, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Ying-Jie Xue
- Department of Pathology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yang-Hao Hou
- Department of Pathology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yi-Cong Nie
- Department of Pathology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Zhi-Ming Zheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Miao-Qing Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xiao-Hong Guo
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Chao Ma
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xiao-Kang Li
- Department of Dermatology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Zhou Wang
- Department of Pathology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Guang-Cun Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Gui-Hui Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Shi T, Zhu J, Zhang X, Mao X. The Role of Hypoxia and Cancer Stem Cells in Development of Glioblastoma. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15092613. [PMID: 37174078 PMCID: PMC10177528 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15092613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiform (GBM) is recognized as the most malignant brain tumor with a high level of hypoxia, containing a small population of glioblastoma stem like cells (GSCs). These GSCs have the capacity of self-renewal, proliferation, invasion and recapitulating the parent tumor, and are major causes of radio-and chemoresistance of GBM. Upregulated expression of hypoxia inducible factors (HIFs) in hypoxia fundamentally contributes to maintenance and progression of GSCs. Therefore, we thoroughly reviewed the currently acknowledged roles of hypoxia-associated GSCs in development of GBM. In detail, we recapitulated general features of GBM, especially GSC-related features, and delineated essential responses resulted from interactions between GSC and hypoxia, including hypoxia-induced signatures, genes and pathways, and hypoxia-regulated metabolic alterations. Five hypothesized GSC niches are discussed and integrated into one comprehensive concept: hypoxic peri-arteriolar niche of GSCs. Autophagy, another protective mechanism against chemotherapy, is also closely related to hypoxia and is a potential therapeutic target for GBM. In addition, potential causes of therapeutic resistance (chemo-, radio-, surgical-, immuno-), and chemotherapeutic agents which can improve the therapeutic effects of chemo-, radio-, or immunotherapy are introduced and discussed. At last, as a potential approach to reverse the hypoxic microenvironment in GBM, hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) might be an adjuvant therapy to chemo-and radiotherapy after surgery. In conclusion, we focus on demonstrating the important role of hypoxia on development of GBM, especially by affecting the function of GSCs. Important advantages have been made to understand the complicated responses induced by hypoxia in GBM. Further exploration of targeting hypoxia and GSCs can help to develop novel therapeutic strategies to improve the survival of GBM patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tingyu Shi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
- Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710024, China
| | - Jun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Institute of Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Xinggang Mao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Li J, Song C, Gu J, Li C, Zang W, Shi L, Chen L, Zhu L, Zhou M, Wang T, Li H, Qi S, Lu Y. RBBP4 regulates the expression of the Mre11-Rad50-NBS1 (MRN) complex and promotes DNA double-strand break repair to mediate glioblastoma chemoradiotherapy resistance. Cancer Lett 2023; 557:216078. [PMID: 36736531 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2023.216078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
For treatment of glioblastoma (GBM), temozolomide (TMZ) and radiotherapy (RT) exert antitumor effects by inducing DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), mainly via futile DNA mismatch repair (MMR) and inducing apoptosis. Here, we provide evidence that RBBP4 modulates glioblastoma resistance to chemotherapy and radiotherapy by recruiting transcription factors and epigenetic regulators that bind to their promoters to regulate the expression of the Mre11-Rad50-NBS1(MRN) complex and the level of DNA-DSB repair, which are closely associated with recovery from TMZ- and radiotherapy-induced DNA damage in U87MG and LN229 glioblastoma cells, which have negative MGMT expression. Disruption of RBBP4 induced GBM cell DNA damage and apoptosis in response to TMZ and radiotherapy and enhanced radiotherapy and chemotherapy sensitivity by the independent pathway of MGMT. These results displayed a possible chemo-radioresistant mechanism in MGMT negative GBM. In addition, the RBBP4-MRN complex regulation axis may provide an interesting target for developing therapy-sensitizing strategies for GBM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Nanfang Neurology Research Institution, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Nanfang Glioma Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chong Song
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Neurosurgery, The Central Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Junwei Gu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; The First People's Hospital of Xiushui County, Jiujiang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Chiyang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenrui Zang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Linyong Shi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liwen Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Min Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tong Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Nanfang Neurology Research Institution, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Nanfang Glioma Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Songtao Qi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Nanfang Neurology Research Institution, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Nanfang Glioma Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuntao Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Nanfang Neurology Research Institution, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Nanfang Glioma Center, Guangzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
EGFRvIII Promotes the Proneural–Mesenchymal Transition of Glioblastoma Multiforme and Reduces Its Sensitivity to Temozolomide by Regulating the NF-κB/ALDH1A3 Axis. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14030651. [PMID: 36980923 PMCID: PMC10048499 DOI: 10.3390/genes14030651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and malignant intracranial tumor in adults. At present, temozolomide (TMZ) is recognized as the preferred chemotherapeutic drug for GBM, but some patients have low sensitivity to TMZ or chemotherapy resistance to TMZ. Our previous study found that GBM patients with EGFRvIII (+) have low sensitivity to TMZ. However, the reasons and possible mechanisms of the chemoradiotherapy resistance in GBM patients with EGFRvIII (+) are not clear. (2) Methods: In this study, tissue samples of patients with GBM, GBM cell lines, glioma stem cell lines, and NSG mice were used to explore the causes and possible mechanisms of low sensitivity to TMZ in patients with EGFRvIII (+)-GBM. (3) Results: The study found that EGFRvIII promoted the proneural–mesenchymal transition of GBM and reduced its sensitivity to TMZ, and EGFRvIII regulated of the expression of ALDH1A3. (4) Conclusions: EGFRvIII activated the NF-κB pathway and further regulated the expression of ALDH1A3 to promote the proneural–mesenchymal transition of GBM and reduce its sensitivity to TMZ, which will provide an experimental basis for the selection of clinical drugs for GBM patients with EGFRvIII (+).
Collapse
|
10
|
Cetin MH, Rieckmann T, Hoffer K, Riepen B, Christiansen S, Gatzemeier F, Feyerabend S, Schoof M, Schüller U, Petersen C, Mynarek M, Rothkamm K, Kriegs M, Struve N. G2 checkpoint targeting via Wee1 inhibition radiosensitizes EGFRvIII-positive glioblastoma cells. Radiat Oncol 2023; 18:19. [PMID: 36709315 PMCID: PMC9884419 DOI: 10.1186/s13014-023-02210-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The gene of the Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is one of the most frequently altered genes in glioblastoma (GBM), with deletions of exons 2-7 (EGFRvIII) being amongst the most common genomic mutations. EGFRvIII is heterogeneously expressed in GBM. We already showed that EGFRvIII expression has an impact on chemosensitivity, replication stress, and the DNA damage response. Wee1 kinase is a major regulator of the DNA damage induced G2 checkpoint. It is highly expressed in GBM and its overexpression is associated with poor prognosis. Since Wee1 inhibition can lead to radiosensitization of EGFRvIII-negative (EGFRvIII-) GBM cells, we asked, if Wee1 inhibition is sufficient to radiosensitize also EGFRvIII-positive (EGFRvIII+) GBM cells. METHODS We used the clinically relevant Wee1 inhibitor adavosertib and two pairs of isogenetic GBM cell lines with and without endogenous EGFRvIII expression exhibiting different TP53 status. Moreover, human GBM samples displaying heterogenous EGFRvIII expression were analyzed. Expression of Wee1 was assessed by Western blot and respectively immunohistochemistry. The impact of Wee1 inhibition in combination with irradiation on cell cycle and cell survival was analyzed by flow cytometry and colony formation assay. RESULTS Analysis of GBM cells and patient samples revealed a higher expression of Wee1 in EGFRvIII+ cells compared to their EGFRvIII- counterparts. Downregulation of EGFRvIII expression by siRNA resulted in a strong decrease in Wee1 expression. Wee1 inhibition efficiently abrogated radiation-induced G2-arrest and caused radiosensitization, without obvious differences between EGFRvIII- and EGFRvIII+ GBM cells. CONCLUSION We conclude that the inhibition of Wee1 is an effective targeting approach for the radiosensitization of both EGFRvIII- and EGFRvIII+ GBM cells and may therefore represent a promising new therapeutic option to increase response to radiotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meryem H. Cetin
- grid.13648.380000 0001 2180 3484Department of Radiobiology & Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thorsten Rieckmann
- grid.13648.380000 0001 2180 3484Department of Radiobiology & Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany ,grid.13648.380000 0001 2180 3484 Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Konstantin Hoffer
- grid.13648.380000 0001 2180 3484Department of Radiobiology & Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Britta Riepen
- grid.13648.380000 0001 2180 3484Department of Radiobiology & Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sabrina Christiansen
- grid.13648.380000 0001 2180 3484Department of Radiobiology & Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Fruzsina Gatzemeier
- grid.13648.380000 0001 2180 3484Department of Radiobiology & Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Simon Feyerabend
- grid.13648.380000 0001 2180 3484Department of Radiobiology & Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Melanie Schoof
- grid.470174.1Research Institute Children’s Cancer Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany ,grid.13648.380000 0001 2180 3484Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ulrich Schüller
- grid.470174.1Research Institute Children’s Cancer Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany ,grid.13648.380000 0001 2180 3484Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany ,grid.13648.380000 0001 2180 3484Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Cordula Petersen
- grid.13648.380000 0001 2180 3484Department of Radiobiology & Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Martin Mynarek
- grid.13648.380000 0001 2180 3484Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany ,grid.13648.380000 0001 2180 3484Mildred-Scheel Cancer Career Center HaTriCs4, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kai Rothkamm
- grid.13648.380000 0001 2180 3484Department of Radiobiology & Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Malte Kriegs
- grid.13648.380000 0001 2180 3484Department of Radiobiology & Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nina Struve
- grid.13648.380000 0001 2180 3484Department of Radiobiology & Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany ,grid.13648.380000 0001 2180 3484Mildred-Scheel Cancer Career Center HaTriCs4, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Basu D, Pal R, Sarkar M, Barma S, Halder S, Roy H, Nandi S, Samadder A. To Investigate Growth Factor Receptor Targets and Generate Cancer Targeting Inhibitors. Curr Top Med Chem 2023; 23:2877-2972. [PMID: 38164722 DOI: 10.2174/0115680266261150231110053650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) regulates multiple pathways, including Mitogenactivated protein kinases (MAPKs), PI3/AKT, JAK/STAT pathway, etc. which has a significant role in the progression and metastasis of tumor. As RTK activation regulates numerous essential bodily processes, including cell proliferation and division, RTK dysregulation has been identified in many types of cancers. Targeting RTK is a significant challenge in cancer due to the abnormal upregulation and downregulation of RTK receptors subfamily EGFR, FGFR, PDGFR, VEGFR, and HGFR in the progression of cancer, which is governed by multiple RTK receptor signalling pathways and impacts treatment response and disease progression. In this review, an extensive focus has been carried out on the normal and abnormal signalling pathways of EGFR, FGFR, PDGFR, VEGFR, and HGFR and their association with cancer initiation and progression. These are explored as potential therapeutic cancer targets and therefore, the inhibitors were evaluated alone and merged with additional therapies in clinical trials aimed at combating global cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Debroop Basu
- Cell and Developmental Biology Special, Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia, 741235, India
| | - Riya Pal
- Cell and Developmental Biology Special, Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia, 741235, IndiaIndia
| | - Maitrayee Sarkar
- Cell and Developmental Biology Special, Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia, 741235, India
| | - Soubhik Barma
- Cell and Developmental Biology Special, Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia, 741235, India
| | - Sumit Halder
- Cell and Developmental Biology Special, Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia, 741235, India
| | - Harekrishna Roy
- Nirmala College of Pharmacy, Vijayawada, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Sisir Nandi
- Global Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (Affiliated to Uttarakhand Technical University), Kashipur, 244713, India
| | - Asmita Samadder
- Cell and Developmental Biology Special, Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia, 741235, India
- Cytogenetics and Molecular Biology Lab., Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia, 741235, India
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Gong L, Yin Y, Chen C, Wan Q, Xia D, Wang M, Pu Z, Zhang B, Zou J. Characterization of EGFR-reprogrammable temozolomide-resistant cells in a model of glioblastoma. Cell Death Dis 2022; 8:438. [PMID: 36316307 PMCID: PMC9622861 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-022-01230-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Temozolomide (TMZ) resistance is a major clinical challenge for glioblastoma (GBM). O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) mediated DNA damage repair is a key mechanism for TMZ resistance. However, MGMT-null GBM patients remain resistant to TMZ, and the process for resistance evolution is largely unknown. Here, we developed an acquired TMZ resistant xenograft model using serial implantation of MGMT-hypermethylated U87 cells, allowing the extraction of stable, TMZ resistant (TMZ-R) tumors and primary cells. The derived tumors and cells exhibited stable multidrug resistance both in vitro and in vivo. Functional experiments, as well as single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), indicated that TMZ treatment induced cellular heterogeneity including quiescent cancer stem cells (CSCs) in TMZ-R tumors. A subset of these were labeled by NES+/SOX2+/CADM1+ and demonstrated significant advantages for drug resistance. Further study revealed that Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) deficiency and diminished downstream signaling may confer this triple positive CSCs subgroup’s quiescent phenotypes and chemoresistance. Continuous EGF treatment improved the chemosensitivity of TMZ-R cells both in vitro and in vivo, mechanically reversing cell cycle arrest and reduced drug uptake. Further, EGF treatment of TMZ-R tumors favorably normalized the response to TMZ in combination therapy. Here, we characterize a unique subgroup of CSCs in MGMT-null experimental glioblastoma, identifying EGF + TMZ therapy as a potential strategy to overcome cellular quiescence and TMZ resistance, likely endowed by deficient EGFR signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lingli Gong
- grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated Wuxi People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, 214023 China ,grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984Center of Clinical Research, The Affiliated Wuxi People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, 214023 China
| | - Ying Yin
- grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated Wuxi People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, 214023 China ,grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984Center of Clinical Research, The Affiliated Wuxi People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, 214023 China
| | - Cheng Chen
- grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated Wuxi People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, 214023 China ,grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984Center of Clinical Research, The Affiliated Wuxi People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, 214023 China
| | - Quan Wan
- grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Wuxi Second Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214002 China
| | - Die Xia
- grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated Wuxi People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, 214023 China ,grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984Center of Clinical Research, The Affiliated Wuxi People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, 214023 China
| | - Mei Wang
- grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated Wuxi People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, 214023 China ,grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984Center of Clinical Research, The Affiliated Wuxi People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, 214023 China
| | - Zhening Pu
- grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated Wuxi People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, 214023 China ,grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984Center of Clinical Research, The Affiliated Wuxi People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, 214023 China
| | - Bo Zhang
- grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated Wuxi People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, 214023 China ,grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984Center of Clinical Research, The Affiliated Wuxi People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, 214023 China
| | - Jian Zou
- grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated Wuxi People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, 214023 China ,grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984Center of Clinical Research, The Affiliated Wuxi People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, 214023 China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Włodarczyk A, Tręda C, Rutkowska A, Grot D, Dobrewa W, Kierasińska A, Węgierska M, Wasiak T, Strózik T, Rieske P, Stoczyńska-Fidelus E. Phenotypical Flexibility of the EGFRvIII-Positive Glioblastoma Cell Line and the Multidirectional Influence of TGFβ and EGF on These Cells—EGFRvIII Appears as a Weak Oncogene. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012129. [PMID: 36292985 PMCID: PMC9603514 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The biological role of EGFRvIII (epidermal growth factor receptor variant three) remains unclear. Methods: Three glioblastoma DK-MG sublines were tested with EGF (epidermal growth factor) and TGFβ (transforming growth factor β). Sublines were characterized by an increased percentage of EGFRvIII-positive cells and doubling time (DK-MGlow to DK-MGextra-high), number of amplicons, and EGFRvIII mRNA expression. The influence of the growth factors on primary EGFRvIII positive glioblastomas was assessed. Results: The overexpression of exoEGFRvIII in DK-MGhigh did not convert them into DK-MGextra-high, and this overexpression did not change DK-MGlow to DK-MGhigh; however, the overexpression of RASG12V increased the proliferation of DK-MGlow. Moreover, the highest EGFRvIII phosphorylation in DK-MGextra-high did not cause relevant AKT (known as protein kinase B) and ERK (extracellular signal-regulated kinase) activation. Further analyses indicate that TGFβ is able to induce apoptosis of DK-MGhigh cells. This subline was able to convert to DK-MGextra-high, which appeared resistant to this proapoptotic effect. EGF acted as a pro-survival factor and stimulated proliferation; however, simultaneous senescence induction in DK-MGextra-high cells was ambiguous. Primary EGFRvIII positive (and SOX2 (SRY-Box Transcription Factor 2) positive or SOX2 negative) glioblastoma cells differentially responded to EGF and TGFβ. Conclusions: The roles of TGFβ and EGF in the EGFRvIII context remain unclear. EGFRvIII appears as a weak oncogene and not a marker of GSC (glioma stem cells). Hence, it may not be a proper target for CAR-T (chimeric antigen receptor T cells).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aneta Włodarczyk
- Department of Tumor Biology, Medical University of Lodz, Zeligowskiego 7/9 St., 90-752 Lodz, Poland
- Department of Research and Development, Celther Polska LTD, Inwestycyjna 7 St., 95-050 Konstantynow Lodzki, Poland
- Department of Research and Development, Personather LTD, Inwestycyjna 7 St., 95-050 Konstantynow Lodzki, Poland
| | - Cezary Tręda
- Department of Tumor Biology, Medical University of Lodz, Zeligowskiego 7/9 St., 90-752 Lodz, Poland
- Department of Research and Development, Celther Polska LTD, Inwestycyjna 7 St., 95-050 Konstantynow Lodzki, Poland
- Department of Research and Development, Personather LTD, Inwestycyjna 7 St., 95-050 Konstantynow Lodzki, Poland
| | - Adrianna Rutkowska
- Department of Tumor Biology, Medical University of Lodz, Zeligowskiego 7/9 St., 90-752 Lodz, Poland
- Department of Research and Development, Celther Polska LTD, Inwestycyjna 7 St., 95-050 Konstantynow Lodzki, Poland
- Department of Research and Development, Personather LTD, Inwestycyjna 7 St., 95-050 Konstantynow Lodzki, Poland
| | - Dagmara Grot
- Department of Tumor Biology, Medical University of Lodz, Zeligowskiego 7/9 St., 90-752 Lodz, Poland
- Department of Research and Development, Celther Polska LTD, Inwestycyjna 7 St., 95-050 Konstantynow Lodzki, Poland
- Department of Research and Development, Personather LTD, Inwestycyjna 7 St., 95-050 Konstantynow Lodzki, Poland
| | - Weronika Dobrewa
- Department of Tumor Biology, Medical University of Lodz, Zeligowskiego 7/9 St., 90-752 Lodz, Poland
| | - Amelia Kierasińska
- Department of Tumor Biology, Medical University of Lodz, Zeligowskiego 7/9 St., 90-752 Lodz, Poland
- Department of Research and Development, Celther Polska LTD, Inwestycyjna 7 St., 95-050 Konstantynow Lodzki, Poland
| | - Marta Węgierska
- Department of Tumor Biology, Medical University of Lodz, Zeligowskiego 7/9 St., 90-752 Lodz, Poland
- Department of Research and Development, Celther Polska LTD, Inwestycyjna 7 St., 95-050 Konstantynow Lodzki, Poland
| | - Tomasz Wasiak
- Department of Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lodz, Zeligowskiego 7/9 St., 90-752 Lodz, Poland
| | - Tadeusz Strózik
- Department of Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lodz, Zeligowskiego 7/9 St., 90-752 Lodz, Poland
| | - Piotr Rieske
- Department of Tumor Biology, Medical University of Lodz, Zeligowskiego 7/9 St., 90-752 Lodz, Poland
- Department of Research and Development, Celther Polska LTD, Inwestycyjna 7 St., 95-050 Konstantynow Lodzki, Poland
- Department of Research and Development, Personather LTD, Inwestycyjna 7 St., 95-050 Konstantynow Lodzki, Poland
| | - Ewelina Stoczyńska-Fidelus
- Department of Tumor Biology, Medical University of Lodz, Zeligowskiego 7/9 St., 90-752 Lodz, Poland
- Department of Research and Development, Celther Polska LTD, Inwestycyjna 7 St., 95-050 Konstantynow Lodzki, Poland
- Department of Research and Development, Personather LTD, Inwestycyjna 7 St., 95-050 Konstantynow Lodzki, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-426-393-221
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Dyshlovoy SA, Busenbender T, Hauschild J, Girich EV, Kriegs M, Hoffer K, Graefen M, Yurchenko AN, Bokemeyer C, von Amsberg G. Cytotoxic N-Methylpretrichodermamide B Reveals Anticancer Activity and Inhibits P-Glycoprotein in Drug-Resistant Prostate Cancer Cells. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:597. [PMID: 36286421 PMCID: PMC9605374 DOI: 10.3390/md20100597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
N-methylpretrichodermamide B (NB) is a biologically active epidithiodiketopiperazine isolated from several strains of the algae-derived fungus Penicillium sp. Recently, we reported the first data on its activity in human cancer cells lines in vitro. Here, we investigated the activity, selectivity, and mechanism of action of NB in human prostate cancer cell lines, including drug-resistant subtypes. NB did not reveal cross-resistance to docetaxel in the PC3-DR cell line model and was highly active in hormone-independent 22Rv1 cells. NB-induced cell death was stipulated by externalization of phosphatidylserine and activation of caspase-3. Moreover, inhibition of caspase activity by z-VAD(OMe)-fmk did not affect NB cytotoxicity, suggesting a caspase-independent cell death induced by NB. The compound has a moderate p-glycoprotein (p-gp) substrate-like affinity and can simultaneously inhibit p-gp at nanomolar concentrations. Therefore, NB resensitized p-gp-overexpressing PC3-DR cells to docetaxel. A kinome profiling of the NB-treated cells revealed, among other things, an induction of mitogen-activated protein kinases JNK1/2 and p38. Further functional analysis confirmed an activation of both kinases and indicated a prosurvival role of this biological event in the cellular response to the treatment. Overall, NB holds promising anticancer potential and further structure-activity relationship studies and structural optimization are needed in order to improve its biological properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sergey A. Dyshlovoy
- Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation with Section Pneumology, Hubertus Wald Tumorzentrum—University Cancer Center Hamburg (UCCH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
- Martini-Klinik, Prostate Cancer Center, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
- Institute of High Technologies and Advanced Materials, Far Eastern Federal University, FEFU Campus, Ajax Bay 10, Russky Island, 690922 Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Tobias Busenbender
- Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation with Section Pneumology, Hubertus Wald Tumorzentrum—University Cancer Center Hamburg (UCCH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jessica Hauschild
- Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation with Section Pneumology, Hubertus Wald Tumorzentrum—University Cancer Center Hamburg (UCCH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
- Martini-Klinik, Prostate Cancer Center, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Elena V. Girich
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far-East Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospect 100 let Vladivostoku 159, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Malte Kriegs
- Department of Radiotherapy & Radiation Oncology, Hubertus Wald Tumorzentrum—University Cancer Center Hamburg (UCCH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
- UCCH Kinomics Core Facility, Hubertus Wald Tumorzentrum—University Cancer Center Hamburg (UCCH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20461 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Konstantin Hoffer
- Department of Radiotherapy & Radiation Oncology, Hubertus Wald Tumorzentrum—University Cancer Center Hamburg (UCCH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
- UCCH Kinomics Core Facility, Hubertus Wald Tumorzentrum—University Cancer Center Hamburg (UCCH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20461 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Markus Graefen
- Martini-Klinik, Prostate Cancer Center, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anton N. Yurchenko
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far-East Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospect 100 let Vladivostoku 159, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Carsten Bokemeyer
- Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation with Section Pneumology, Hubertus Wald Tumorzentrum—University Cancer Center Hamburg (UCCH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Gunhild von Amsberg
- Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation with Section Pneumology, Hubertus Wald Tumorzentrum—University Cancer Center Hamburg (UCCH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
- Martini-Klinik, Prostate Cancer Center, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Hermawan A, Wulandari F, Hanif N, Utomo RY, Jenie RI, Ikawati M, Tafrihani AS. Identification of potential targets of the curcumin analog CCA-1.1 for glioblastoma treatment : integrated computational analysis and in vitro study. Sci Rep 2022; 12:13928. [PMID: 35977996 PMCID: PMC9385707 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-18348-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The treatment of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is challenging owing to its localization in the brain, the limited capacity of brain cells to repair, resistance to conventional therapy, and its aggressiveness. Curcumin has anticancer activity against aggressive cancers, such as leukemia, and GBM; however, its application is limited by its low solubility and bioavailability. Chemoprevention curcumin analog 1.1 (CCA-1.1), a curcumin analog, has better solubility and stability than those of curcumin. In this study, we explored potential targets of CCA-1.1 in GBM (PTCGs) by an integrated computational analysis and in vitro study. Predicted targets of CCA-1.1 obtained using various databases were subjected to comprehensive downstream analyses, including functional annotation, disease and drug association analyses, protein–protein interaction network analyses, analyses of genetic alterations, expression, and associations with survival and immune cell infiltration. Our integrative bioinformatics analysis revealed four candidate targets of CCA-1.1 in GBM: TP53, EGFR, AKT1, and CASP3. In addition to targeting specific proteins with regulatory effects in GBM, CCA-1.1 has the capacity to modulate the immunological milieu. Cytotoxicity of CCA-1.1 was lower than TMZ with an IC50 value of 9.8 μM compared to TMZ with an IC50 of 40 μM. mRNA sequencing revealed EGFR transcript variant 8 was upregulated, whereas EGFRvIII was downregulated in U87 cells after treatment with CCA-1.1. Furthermore, a molecular docking analysis suggested that CCA-1.1 inhibits EGFR with various mutations in GBM, which was confirmed using molecular dynamics simulation, wherein the binding between CCA-1.1 with the mutant EGFR L861Q was stable. For successful clinical translation, the effects of CCA-1.1 need to be confirmed in laboratory studies and clinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adam Hermawan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Cancer Chemoprevention Research Center, Universitas Gadjah Mada Sekip Utara II, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia. .,Laboratory of Macromolecular Engineering, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada Sekip Utara II, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia.
| | - Febri Wulandari
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Cancer Chemoprevention Research Center, Universitas Gadjah Mada Sekip Utara II, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia
| | - Naufa Hanif
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Cancer Chemoprevention Research Center, Universitas Gadjah Mada Sekip Utara II, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia
| | - Rohmad Yudi Utomo
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Cancer Chemoprevention Research Center, Universitas Gadjah Mada Sekip Utara II, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia.,Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada Sekip Utara II, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia
| | - Riris Istighfari Jenie
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Cancer Chemoprevention Research Center, Universitas Gadjah Mada Sekip Utara II, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia.,Laboratory of Macromolecular Engineering, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada Sekip Utara II, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia
| | - Muthi Ikawati
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Cancer Chemoprevention Research Center, Universitas Gadjah Mada Sekip Utara II, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia.,Laboratory of Macromolecular Engineering, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada Sekip Utara II, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia
| | - Ahmad Syauqy Tafrihani
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Cancer Chemoprevention Research Center, Universitas Gadjah Mada Sekip Utara II, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Ubiquitin-Specific Protease 6 n-Terminal-like Protein (USP6NL) and the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) Signaling Axis Regulates Ubiquitin-Mediated DNA Repair and Temozolomide-Resistance in Glioblastoma. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10071531. [PMID: 35884836 PMCID: PMC9312792 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10071531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most malignant glioma, with a 30–60% epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation. This mutation is associated with unrestricted cell growth and increases the possibility of cancer invasion. Patients with EGFR-mutated GBM often develop resistance to the available treatment modalities and higher recurrence rates. The drug resistance observed is associated with multiple genetic or epigenetic factors. The ubiquitin-specific protease 6 N-terminal-like protein (USP6NL) is a GTPase-activating protein that functions as a deubiquitinating enzyme and regulates endocytosis and signal transduction. It is highly expressed in many cancer types and may promote the growth and proliferation of cancer cells. We hypothesized that USP6NL affects GBM chemoresistance and tumorigenesis, and that its inhibition may be a novel therapeutic strategy for GBM treatment. The USP6NL level, together with EGFR expression in human GBM tissue samples and cell lines associated with therapy resistance, tumor growth, and cancer invasion, were investigated. Its pivotal roles and potential mechanism in modulating tumor growth, and the key mechanism associated with therapy resistance of GBM cells, were studied, both in vitro and in vivo. Herein, we found that deubiquitinase USP6NL and growth factor receptor EGFR were strongly associated with the oncogenicity and resistance of GBM, both in vitro and in vivo, toward temozolomide, as evidenced by enhanced migration, invasion, and acquisition of a highly invasive and drug-resistant phenotype by the GBM cells. Furthermore, abrogation of USP6NL reversed the properties of GBM cells and resensitized them toward temozolomide by enhancing autophagy and reducing the DNA damage repair response. Our results provide novel insights into the probable mechanism through which USP6NL/EGFR signaling might suppress the anticancer therapeutic response, induce cancer invasiveness, and facilitate reduced sensitivity to temozolomide treatment in GBM in an autolysosome-dependent manner. Therefore, controlling the USP6NL may offer an alternative, but efficient, therapeutic strategy for targeting and eradicating otherwise resistant and recurrent phenotypes of aggressive GBM cells.
Collapse
|
17
|
Vilar JB, Christmann M, Tomicic MT. Alterations in Molecular Profiles Affecting Glioblastoma Resistance to Radiochemotherapy: Where Does the Good Go? Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14102416. [PMID: 35626024 PMCID: PMC9139489 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14102416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Glioblastoma is a type of brain cancer that remains incurable. Despite multiple past and ongoing preclinical studies and clinical trials, involving adjuvants to the conventional therapy and based on molecular targeting, no relevant benefit for patients’ survival has been achieved so far. The current first-line treatment regimen is based on ionizing radiation and the monoalkylating compound, temozolomide, and has been administered for more than 15 years. Glioblastoma is extremely resistant to most agents due to a mutational background that elicits quick response to insults and adapts to microenvironmental and metabolic changes. Here, we present the most recent evidence concerning the molecular features and their alterations governing pathways involved in GBM response to the standard radio-chemotherapy and discuss how they collaborate with acquired GBM’s resistance. Abstract Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a brain tumor characterized by high heterogeneity, diffuse infiltration, aggressiveness, and formation of recurrences. Patients with this kind of tumor suffer from cognitive, emotional, and behavioral problems, beyond exhibiting dismal survival rates. Current treatment comprises surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy with the methylating agent, temozolomide (TMZ). GBMs harbor intrinsic mutations involving major pathways that elicit the cells to evade cell death, adapt to the genotoxic stress, and regrow. Ionizing radiation and TMZ induce, for the most part, DNA damage repair, autophagy, stemness, and senescence, whereas only a small fraction of GBM cells undergoes treatment-induced apoptosis. Particularly upon TMZ exposure, most of the GBM cells undergo cellular senescence. Increased DNA repair attenuates the agent-induced cytotoxicity; autophagy functions as a pro-survival mechanism, protecting the cells from damage and facilitating the cells to have energy to grow. Stemness grants the cells capacity to repopulate the tumor, and senescence triggers an inflammatory microenvironment favorable to transformation. Here, we highlight this mutational background and its interference with the response to the standard radiochemotherapy. We discuss the most relevant and recent evidence obtained from the studies revealing the molecular mechanisms that lead these cells to be resistant and indicate some future perspectives on combating this incurable tumor.
Collapse
|
18
|
Tang Q, Cao H, Tong N, Liu Y, Wang W, Zou Y, Xu L, Zeng Z, Xu W, Yin Z, Ma W, Wang Q. Tubeimoside-I sensitizes temozolomide-resistant glioblastoma cells to chemotherapy by reducing MGMT expression and suppressing EGFR induced PI3K/Akt/mTOR/NF-κB-mediated signaling pathway. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 99:154016. [PMID: 35278900 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM, World Health Organization [WHO] grade IV) is one of the malignant Central Nerve System (CNS) tumors with high incidence rate and poor prognosis. The use of alkylating agents, such as temozolomide (TMZ), has been the main method of cytotoxic therapy for glioma patients for decades. However, TMZ resistance may be one of the major reasons for treatment failure, so far. In searching for effective agents to reverse TMZ resistance, we found that Tubeimoside-I (TBMS1), a saponin from traditional Chinese medicine, Bolbostemma paniculatum (Maxim.) Franquet, showed activities of reversing TMZ resistance of GBM. However, the ability of TBMS1 enhancing the chemosensitivity of GBM has been rarely studied, and its underlying mechanisms remain unclear. PURPOSE This study purposes to reveal the synergistic effects and mechanism of TBMS1 and TMZ against TMZ-resistant GBM cells. METHODS CCK8 assay was used to investigate the anti-proliferative effects on grade IV glioblastoma human T98G and U118 MG cells. Cell proliferation was determined by EdU assay and clonogenic assay after TMZ plus TBMS1 treatment. Apoptosis was analyzed by flow cytometry. DNA damage and DNA Double Strand Break (DSB) were assessed by cleaved Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), γH2AX Foci Assay and Comet Assay, respectively. Expression of proteins associated with apoptosis and DNA repair enzymes were measured by Western blot analysis. The prognostic significance of key proteins of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) induced PI3K/Akt/mTOR/NF-κB signaling pathway was analyzed using GEPIA (http://gepia.cancer-pku.cn) and validated by Western blotting. RESULTS Here we demonstrated that TBMS1 sensitized TMZ-resistant T98G and U118 MG glioblastoma cells to chemotherapy and exhibited promotion of apoptosis and inhibition on cell viability, proliferation and clone formation. Coefficient of drug in interaction (CDI) values showed a notable synergistic effect between TBMS1 and TMZ. Moreover, we observed that combination of TBMS1 and TMZ induced apoptosis was accompanied by robust DSB, γH2AX Foci formation and increasing cleaved PARP, as well as the heightened ratio of Bax/Bcl-2, cleavages of caspase-3 and caspase-9. In addition, the synergistic anti-glioma effect between TBMS1 and TMZ was intimately related to the reduction of MGMT expression in TMZ-resistant GBM cells. Moreover, it was also associated with attenuated expression of EGFR, p-PI3K-p85, p-Akt (Ser473), p-mTOR (Ser2481) and p-NF-κB p65(Ser536), which implying deactivation of the EGFR induced PI3K/Akt/mTOR/NF-κB signaling pathway. CONCLUSION We first demonstrated that synergistic effects of TBMS1 and TMZ induced apoptosis in GBM cells through reducing MGMT expression and inhibiting the EGFR induced PI3K/Akt/mTOR/NF-κB signaling pathway. This study provides a rationale for combined application of TMZ and TBMS1 as a potential chemotherapeutic treatment for MGMT+ GBM patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qingfa Tang
- Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510282, China; School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutics, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Haihong Cao
- Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510282, China; School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Ni Tong
- Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510282, China; School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Yuanliang Liu
- Department of Pathology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510180, China
| | - Wanyu Wang
- Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510282, China; School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Yuheng Zou
- Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510282, China; School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Lanyang Xu
- Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510282, China; School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Zhiyun Zeng
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Wei Xu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Zhixin Yin
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Wenjuan Ma
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, China.
| | - Qirui Wang
- Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510282, China; School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Molecular Analysis in a Glioblastoma Cohort-Results of a Prospective Analysis. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12050685. [PMID: 35629107 PMCID: PMC9148107 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12050685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The prognostic role of epidermal growth factor receptor variant III (EGFRvIII), a constitutively activated oncogenic receptor, in glioblastoma is controversial. We performed a prospective study enrolling 355 patients operated on for de novo glioblastoma at a large academic center. The molecular profile, including EGFRvIII status, MGMT promoter methylation, and VEGF expression, was assessed. Standard parameters (age, clinical status and extent of surgical resection) were confirmed to hold prognostic value. MGMT promoter methylation portended a slightly improved survival. In the whole series, confirming previous results, EGFRvIII was not associated with worsened prognosis. Interestingly, female sex was associated with a better outcome. Such findings are of interest for the design of future trials.
Collapse
|
20
|
Serum-derived extracellular vesicles facilitate temozolomide resistance in glioblastoma through a HOTAIR-dependent mechanism. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:344. [PMID: 35418162 PMCID: PMC9008004 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-04699-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicle (EV)-mediated transfer of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) has been reported to regulate chemoresistance in various cancers. We herein investigate the therapeutic potential of bioinformatically identified HOTAIR transferred by serum-derived EVs (serum-EVs) in temozolomide (TMZ) resistance of glioblastoma (GBM) and the downstream mechanisms. EVs were isolated from the serum of GBM patients. Expression of HOTAIR was examined in the clinical tissue samples and serum-EVs of GBM patients. The downstream miRNAs of HOTAIR and its target genes were predicted in silico. The effects of the HOTAIR transmitted by serum-EVs in malignant phenotypes, tumor growth, and TMZ resistance were assessed in vitro and in vivo. HOTAIR expression was upregulated in clinical tissues, cells, and serum-EVs of GBM. Co-culture data showed that GBM-serum-EVs facilitated GBM cell proliferative and invasive phenotypes and TMZ resistance by elevating HOTAIR. In GBM cells, HOTAIR competitively bound to miR-526b-3p and weakened miR-526b-3p’s binding ability to EVA1, thus increasing the expression of EVA1. Furthermore, HOTAIR carried by serum-EVs promoted tumor growth and TMZ resistance in vivo by suppressing miR-526b-3p-mediated EVA1 inhibition. GBM-serum-EV-enclosed HOTAIR may augment GBM progression and chemoresistance through miR-526b-3p downregulation and EVA1 upregulation. These results provide a strategy to reduce TMZ resistance in GBM treatment.
Collapse
|
21
|
Transcriptomic Profiling of DNA Damage Response in Patient-Derived Glioblastoma Cells before and after Radiation and Temozolomide Treatment. Cells 2022; 11:cells11071215. [PMID: 35406779 PMCID: PMC8997841 DOI: 10.3390/cells11071215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is a highly aggressive, invasive and treatment-resistant tumour. The DNA damage response (DDR) provides tumour cells with enhanced ability to activate cell cycle arrest and repair treatment-induced DNA damage. We studied the expression of DDR, its relationship with standard treatment response and patient survival, and its activation after treatment. The transcriptomic profile of DDR pathways was characterised within a cohort of isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) wild-type glioblastoma from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and 12 patient-derived glioblastoma cell lines. The relationship between DDR expression and patient survival and cell line response to temozolomide (TMZ) or radiation therapy (RT) was assessed. Finally, the expression of 84 DDR genes was examined in glioblastoma cells treated with TMZ and/or RT. Although distinct DDR cluster groups were apparent in the TCGA cohort and cell lines, no significant differences in OS and treatment response were observed. At the gene level, the high expression of ATP23, RAD51C and RPA3 independently associated with poor prognosis in glioblastoma patients. Finally, we observed a substantial upregulation of DDR genes after treatment with TMZ and/or RT, particularly in RT-treated glioblastoma cells, peaking within 24 h after treatment. Our results confirm the potential influence of DDR genes in patient outcome. The observation of DDR genes in response to TMZ and RT gives insight into the global response of DDR pathways after adjuvant treatment in glioblastoma, which may have utility in determining DDR targets for inhibition.
Collapse
|
22
|
Pacia CP, Yuan J, Yue Y, Xu L, Nazeri A, Desai R, Gach HM, Wang X, Talcott MR, Chaudhuri AA, Dunn GP, Leuthardt EC, Chen H. Sonobiopsy for minimally invasive, spatiotemporally-controlled, and sensitive detection of glioblastoma-derived circulating tumor DNA. Am J Cancer Res 2022; 12:362-378. [PMID: 34987650 PMCID: PMC8690937 DOI: 10.7150/thno.65597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Though surgical biopsies provide direct access to tissue for genomic characterization of brain cancer, they are invasive and pose significant clinical risks. Brain cancer management via blood-based liquid biopsies is a minimally invasive alternative; however, the blood-brain barrier (BBB) restricts the release of brain tumor-derived molecular biomarkers necessary for sensitive diagnosis. Methods: A mouse glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) model was used to demonstrate the capability of focused ultrasound (FUS)-enabled liquid biopsy (sonobiopsy) to improve the diagnostic sensitivity of brain tumor-specific genetic mutations compared with conventional blood-based liquid biopsy. Furthermore, a pig GBM model was developed to characterize the translational implications of sonobiopsy in humans. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-guided FUS sonication was performed in mice and pigs to locally enhance the BBB permeability of the GBM tumor. Contrast-enhanced T1-weighted MR images were acquired to evaluate the BBB permeability change. Blood was collected immediately after FUS sonication. Droplet digital PCR was used to quantify the levels of brain tumor-specific genetic mutations in the circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA). Histological staining was performed to evaluate the potential for off-target tissue damage by sonobiopsy. Results: Sonobiopsy improved the detection sensitivity of EGFRvIII from 7.14% to 64.71% and TERT C228T from 14.29% to 45.83% in the mouse GBM model. It also improved the diagnostic sensitivity of EGFRvIII from 28.57% to 100% and TERT C228T from 42.86% to 71.43% in the porcine GBM model. Conclusion: Sonobiopsy disrupts the BBB at the spatially-targeted brain location, releases tumor-derived DNA into the blood circulation, and enables timely collection of ctDNA. Converging evidence from both mouse and pig GBM models strongly supports the clinical translation of sonobiopsy for the minimally invasive, spatiotemporally-controlled, and sensitive molecular characterization of brain cancer.
Collapse
|
23
|
Struve N, Hoffer K, Weik AS, Riepen B, Krug L, Cetin MH, Burmester J, Ott L, Liebing J, Gatzemeier F, Müller-Goebel J, Gerbach M, Bußmann L, Parplys AC, Unger K, Mansour WY, Schüller U, Rieckmann T, Petersen C, Rothkamm K, Short SC, Kriegs M. Increased replication stress and R-loop accumulation in EGFRvIII-expressing glioblastoma present new therapeutic opportunities. Neurooncol Adv 2022; 4:vdab180. [PMID: 35274102 PMCID: PMC8903237 DOI: 10.1093/noajnl/vdab180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The oncogene epidermal growth factor receptor variant III (EGFRvIII) is expressed in approximately one-third of all glioblastomas (GBMs). So far it is not clear if EGFRvIII expression induces replication stress in GBM cells, which might serve as a therapeutical target. Methods Isogenetic EGFRvIII− and EGFRvIII+ cell lines with endogenous EGFRvIII expression were used. Markers of oncogenic and replication stress such as γH2AX, RPA, 53BP1, ATR, and CHK1 were analyzed using western blot, immunofluorescence, and flow cytometry. The DNA fiber assay was performed to analyze replication, transcription was measured by incorporation of EU, and genomic instability was investigated by micronuclei and CGH-Array analysis. Immunohistochemistry staining was used to detect replication stress markers and R-loops in human GBM samples. Results EGFRvIII+ cells exhibit an activated replication stress response, increased spontaneous DNA damage, elevated levels of single-stranded DNA, and reduced DNA replication velocity, which are all indicative characteristics of replication stress. Furthermore, we show here that EGFRvIII expression is linked to increased genomic instability. EGFRvIII-expressing cells display elevated RNA synthesis and R-loop formation, which could also be confirmed in EGFRvIII-positive GBM patient samples. Targeting replication stress by irinotecan resulted in increased sensitivity of EGFRvIII+ cells. Conclusion This study demonstrates that EGFRvIII expression is associated with increased replication stress, R-loop accumulation, and genomic instability. This might contribute to intratumoral heterogeneity but may also be exploited for individualized therapy approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nina Struve
- Department of Radiotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Mildred-Scheel Cancer Career Center HATRICs4, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Konstantin Hoffer
- Department of Radiotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anna-Sophie Weik
- Department of Radiotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Britta Riepen
- Department of Radiotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Leonie Krug
- Department of Radiotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Meryem H Cetin
- Department of Radiotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jasmin Burmester
- Department of Radiotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Leonie Ott
- Department of Radiotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jana Liebing
- Department of Radiotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Fruzsina Gatzemeier
- Department of Radiotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Justus Müller-Goebel
- Department of Radiotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Mirja Gerbach
- Department of Radiotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lara Bußmann
- Department of Radiotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Mildred-Scheel Cancer Career Center HATRICs4, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Laboratory of Radiobiology & Experimental Radiation, Germany
| | - Ann Christin Parplys
- Department of Radiotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Department of Radiotherapy and Radiooncology, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Kristian Unger
- Research Unit Radiation Cytogenetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Oberschleibheim, Germany
| | - Wael Y Mansour
- Department of Radiotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Mildred-Scheel Cancer Career Center HATRICs4, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ulrich Schüller
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Research Institute Children's Cancer Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thorsten Rieckmann
- Department of Radiotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Laboratory of Radiobiology & Experimental Radiation, Germany
| | - Cordula Petersen
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kai Rothkamm
- Department of Radiotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Susan C Short
- Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, St James's University Hospital, UK
| | - Malte Kriegs
- Department of Radiotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Qin A, Musket A, Musich PR, Schweitzer JB, Xie Q. Receptor tyrosine kinases as druggable targets in glioblastoma: Do signaling pathways matter? Neurooncol Adv 2021; 3:vdab133. [PMID: 34806012 PMCID: PMC8598918 DOI: 10.1093/noajnl/vdab133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most malignant primary brain tumor without effective therapies. Since bevacizumab was FDA approved for targeting vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) in adult patients with recurrent GBM, targeted therapy against receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) has become a new avenue for GBM therapeutics. In addition to VEGFR, the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR), hepatocyte growth factor receptor (HGFR/MET), and fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) are major RTK targets. However, results from clinical Phase II/III trials indicate that most RTK-targeting therapeutics including tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and neutralizing antibodies lack clinical efficacy, either alone or in combination. The major challenge is to uncover the genetic RTK alterations driving GBM initiation and progression, as well as to elucidate the mechanisms toward therapeutic resistance. In this review, we will discuss the genetic alterations in these 5 commonly targeted RTKs, the clinical trial outcomes of the associated RTK-targeting therapeutics, and the potential mechanisms toward the resistance. We anticipate that future design of new clinical trials with combination strategies, based on the genetic alterations within an individual patient’s tumor and mechanisms contributing to therapeutic resistance after treatment, will achieve durable remissions and improve outcomes in GBM patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Qin
- Department of Biomedical Science, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, USA
| | - Anna Musket
- Department of Biomedical Science, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, USA
| | - Phillip R Musich
- Department of Biomedical Science, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, USA
| | - John B Schweitzer
- Department of Pathology, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, USA
| | - Qian Xie
- Department of Biomedical Science, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Barthel L, Hadamitzky M, Dammann P, Schedlowski M, Sure U, Thakur BK, Hetze S. Glioma: molecular signature and crossroads with tumor microenvironment. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2021; 41:53-75. [PMID: 34687436 PMCID: PMC8924130 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-021-09997-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In patients with glioblastoma, the average survival time with current treatments is short, mainly due to recurrences and resistance to therapy. This insufficient treatment success is, in large parts, due to the tremendous molecular heterogeneity of gliomas, which affects the overall prognosis and response to therapies and plays a vital role in gliomas’ grading. In addition, the tumor microenvironment is a major player for glioma development and resistance to therapy. Active communication between glioma cells and local or neighboring healthy cells and the immune environment promotes the cancerogenic processes and contributes to establishing glioma stem cells, which drives therapy resistance. Besides genetic alterations in the primary tumor, tumor-released factors, cytokines, proteins, extracellular vesicles, and environmental influences like hypoxia provide tumor cells the ability to evade host tumor surveillance machinery and promote disease progression. Moreover, there is increasing evidence that these players affect the molecular biological properties of gliomas and enable inter-cell communication that supports pro-cancerogenic cell properties. Identifying and characterizing these complex mechanisms are inevitably necessary to adapt therapeutic strategies and to develop novel measures. Here we provide an update about these junctions where constant traffic of biomolecules adds complexity in the management of glioblastoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lennart Barthel
- Department of Neurosurgery and Spine Surgery, Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, 45147, Essen, Germany. .,Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Immunobiology Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences, University Hospital Essen, 45147, Essen, Germany.
| | - Martin Hadamitzky
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Immunobiology Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences, University Hospital Essen, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Philipp Dammann
- Department of Neurosurgery and Spine Surgery, Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Manfred Schedlowski
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Immunobiology Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences, University Hospital Essen, 45147, Essen, Germany.,Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Osher Center for Integrative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ulrich Sure
- Department of Neurosurgery and Spine Surgery, Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Basant Kumar Thakur
- Cancer Exosome Research Lab, Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Essen, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Susann Hetze
- Department of Neurosurgery and Spine Surgery, Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, 45147, Essen, Germany.,Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Immunobiology Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences, University Hospital Essen, 45147, Essen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Cardona AF, Jaramillo-Velásquez D, Ruiz-Patiño A, Polo C, Jiménez E, Hakim F, Gómez D, Ramón JF, Cifuentes H, Mejía JA, Salguero F, Ordoñez C, Muñoz Á, Bermúdez S, Useche N, Pineda D, Ricaurte L, Zatarain-Barrón ZL, Rodríguez J, Avila J, Rojas L, Jaller E, Sotelo C, Garcia-Robledo JE, Santoyo N, Rolfo C, Rosell R, Arrieta O. Efficacy of osimertinib plus bevacizumab in glioblastoma patients with simultaneous EGFR amplification and EGFRvIII mutation. J Neurooncol 2021; 154:353-364. [PMID: 34498213 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-021-03834-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Amplification of EGFR and its active mutant EGFRvIII are common in glioblastoma (GB). While EGFR and EGFRvIII play critical roles in pathogenesis, targeted therapy with EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitors or antibodies has shown limited efficacy. To improve the likelihood of effectiveness, we targeted adult patients with recurrent GB enriched for simultaneous EGFR amplification and EGFRvIII mutation, with osimertinib/bevacizumab at doses described for non-small cell lung cancer. METHODS We retrospectively explored whether previously described EGFRvIII mutation in association with EGFR gene amplification could predict response to osimertinib/bevacizumab combination in a subset of 15 patients treated at recurrence. The resistance pattern in a subgroup of subjects is described using a commercial next-generation sequencing panel in liquid biopsy. RESULTS There were ten males (66.7%), and the median patient's age was 56 years (range 38-70 years). After their initial diagnosis, 12 patients underwent partial (26.7%) or total resection (53.3%). Subsequently, all cases received IMRT and concurrent and adjuvant temozolomide (TMZ; the median number of cycles 9, range 6-12). The median follow-up after recurrence was 17.1 months (95% CI 12.3-22.6). All patients received osimertinib/bevacizumab as a second-line intervention with a median progression-free survival (PFS) of 5.1 months (95% CI 2.8-7.3) and overall survival of 9.0 months (95% CI 3.9-14.0). The PFS6 was 46.7%, and the overall response rate was 13.3%. After exposure to the osimertinib/bevacizumab combination, the main secondary alterations were MET amplification, STAT3, IGF1R, PTEN, and PDGFR. CONCLUSIONS While the osimertinib/bevacizumab combination was marginally effective in most GB patients with simultaneous EGFR amplification plus EGFRvIII mutation, a subgroup experienced a long-lasting meaningful benefit. The findings of this brief cohort justify the continuation of the research in a clinical trial. The pattern of resistance after exposure to osimertinib/bevacizumab includes known mechanisms in the regulation of EGFR, findings that contribute to the understanding and targeting in a stepwise rational this pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrés F Cardona
- Clinical and Translational Oncology Group, Brain Tumor Unit, Clínica del Country, Calle 116 No. 9 - 72, c. 318, Bogotá, Colombia. .,Foundation for Clinical and Applied Cancer Research - FICMAC, Bogotá, Colombia. .,Molecular Oncology and Biology Systems Research Group (Fox-G), Universidad El Bosque, Bogotá, Colombia. .,Thoracic Oncology Unit, Clínica del Country, Bogotá, Colombia.
| | | | - Alejandro Ruiz-Patiño
- Foundation for Clinical and Applied Cancer Research - FICMAC, Bogotá, Colombia.,Molecular Oncology and Biology Systems Research Group (Fox-G), Universidad El Bosque, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Carolina Polo
- Foundation for Clinical and Applied Cancer Research - FICMAC, Bogotá, Colombia.,Molecular Oncology and Biology Systems Research Group (Fox-G), Universidad El Bosque, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Enrique Jiménez
- Neurosurgery Department, Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Fernando Hakim
- Neurosurgery Department, Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Diego Gómez
- Neurosurgery Department, Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | | | | | - Fernando Salguero
- Neurosurgery Department, Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Camila Ordoñez
- Foundation for Clinical and Applied Cancer Research - FICMAC, Bogotá, Colombia.,Molecular Oncology and Biology Systems Research Group (Fox-G), Universidad El Bosque, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Álvaro Muñoz
- Radio-Oncology Department, Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Sonia Bermúdez
- Neuroradiology Section, Radiology Department, Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Nicolas Useche
- Neuroradiology Section, Radiology Department, Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Diego Pineda
- Neuroradiology Section, Radiology Department, Clínica del Country, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | | | - July Rodríguez
- Foundation for Clinical and Applied Cancer Research - FICMAC, Bogotá, Colombia.,Molecular Oncology and Biology Systems Research Group (Fox-G), Universidad El Bosque, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Jenny Avila
- Foundation for Clinical and Applied Cancer Research - FICMAC, Bogotá, Colombia.,Molecular Oncology and Biology Systems Research Group (Fox-G), Universidad El Bosque, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Leonardo Rojas
- Clinical and Translational Oncology Group, Brain Tumor Unit, Clínica del Country, Calle 116 No. 9 - 72, c. 318, Bogotá, Colombia.,Molecular Oncology and Biology Systems Research Group (Fox-G), Universidad El Bosque, Bogotá, Colombia.,Clinical Oncology Department, Clínica Colsanitas, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Elvira Jaller
- Foundation for Clinical and Applied Cancer Research - FICMAC, Bogotá, Colombia.,Molecular Oncology and Biology Systems Research Group (Fox-G), Universidad El Bosque, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Carolina Sotelo
- Foundation for Clinical and Applied Cancer Research - FICMAC, Bogotá, Colombia.,Molecular Oncology and Biology Systems Research Group (Fox-G), Universidad El Bosque, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | - Nicolas Santoyo
- Foundation for Clinical and Applied Cancer Research - FICMAC, Bogotá, Colombia.,Molecular Oncology and Biology Systems Research Group (Fox-G), Universidad El Bosque, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Christian Rolfo
- Center for Thoracic Oncology, Tisch Cáncer Center, Mount Sinai Hospital System & Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rafael Rosell
- Cancer Biology and Precision Medicine Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Oscar Arrieta
- Laboratory of Personalized Medicine, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan), Mexico City, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Bolcaen J, Nair S, Driver CHS, Boshomane TMG, Ebenhan T, Vandevoorde C. Novel Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Pathway Inhibitors for Targeted Radionuclide Therapy of Glioblastoma. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:626. [PMID: 34209513 PMCID: PMC8308832 DOI: 10.3390/ph14070626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GB) remains the most fatal brain tumor characterized by a high infiltration rate and treatment resistance. Overexpression and/or mutation of receptor tyrosine kinases is common in GB, which subsequently leads to the activation of many downstream pathways that have a critical impact on tumor progression and therapy resistance. Therefore, receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (RTKIs) have been investigated to improve the dismal prognosis of GB in an effort to evolve into a personalized targeted therapy strategy with a better treatment outcome. Numerous RTKIs have been approved in the clinic and several radiopharmaceuticals are part of (pre)clinical trials as a non-invasive method to identify patients who could benefit from RTKI. The latter opens up the scope for theranostic applications. In this review, the present status of RTKIs for the treatment, nuclear imaging and targeted radionuclide therapy of GB is presented. The focus will be on seven tyrosine kinase receptors, based on their central role in GB: EGFR, VEGFR, MET, PDGFR, FGFR, Eph receptor and IGF1R. Finally, by way of analyzing structural and physiological characteristics of the TKIs with promising clinical trial results, four small molecule RTKIs were selected based on their potential to become new therapeutic GB radiopharmaceuticals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julie Bolcaen
- Radiobiology, Radiation Biophysics Division, Nuclear Medicine Department, iThemba LABS, Cape Town 7131, South Africa;
| | - Shankari Nair
- Radiobiology, Radiation Biophysics Division, Nuclear Medicine Department, iThemba LABS, Cape Town 7131, South Africa;
| | - Cathryn H. S. Driver
- Radiochemistry, South African Nuclear Energy Corporation, Pelindaba, Brits 0240, South Africa;
- Pre-Clinical Imaging Facility, Nuclear Medicine Research Infrastructure, Pelindaba, Brits 0242, South Africa;
| | - Tebatso M. G. Boshomane
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Pretoria Steve Biko Academic Hospital, Pretoria 0001, South Africa;
| | - Thomas Ebenhan
- Pre-Clinical Imaging Facility, Nuclear Medicine Research Infrastructure, Pelindaba, Brits 0242, South Africa;
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Pretoria Steve Biko Academic Hospital, Pretoria 0001, South Africa;
- Preclinical Drug Development Platform, Department of Science and Technology, North West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - Charlot Vandevoorde
- Radiobiology, Radiation Biophysics Division, Nuclear Medicine Department, iThemba LABS, Cape Town 7131, South Africa;
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
From Laboratory Studies to Clinical Trials: Temozolomide Use in IDH-Mutant Gliomas. Cells 2021; 10:cells10051225. [PMID: 34067729 PMCID: PMC8157002 DOI: 10.3390/cells10051225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review, we discuss the use of the alkylating agent temozolomide (TMZ) in the treatment of IDH-mutant gliomas. We describe the challenges associated with TMZ in clinical (drug resistance and tumor recurrence) and preclinical settings (variabilities associated with in vitro models) in treating IDH-mutant glioma. Lastly, we summarize the emerging therapeutic targets that can potentially be used in combination with TMZ.
Collapse
|
29
|
Ortiz R, Perazzoli G, Cabeza L, Jiménez-Luna C, Luque R, Prados J, Melguizo C. Temozolomide: An Updated Overview of Resistance Mechanisms, Nanotechnology Advances and Clinical Applications. Curr Neuropharmacol 2021; 19:513-537. [PMID: 32589560 PMCID: PMC8206461 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x18666200626204005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Temozolomide (TMZ), an oral alkylating prodrug which delivers a methyl group to purine bases of DNA (O6-guanine; N7-guanine and N3-adenine), is frequently used together with radiotherapy as part of the first-line treatment of high-grade gliomas. The main advantages are its high oral bioavailability (almost 100% although the concentration found in the cerebrospinal fluid was approximately 20% of the plasma concentration of TMZ), its lipophilic properties, and small size that confer the ability to cross the blood-brain barrier. Furthermore, this agent has demonstrated activity not only in brain tumors but also in a variety of solid tumors. However, conventional therapy using surgery, radiation, and TMZ in glioblastoma results in a median patient survival of 14.6 months. Treatment failure has been associated with tumor drug resistance. This phenomenon has been linked to the expression of O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase, but the mismatch repair system and the presence of cancer stem-like cells in tumors have also been related to TMZ resistance. The understanding of these mechanisms is essential for the development of new therapeutic strategies in the clinical use of TMZ, including the use of nanomaterial delivery systems and the association with other chemotherapy agents. The aim of this review is to summarize the resistance mechanisms of TMZ and the current advances to improve its clinical use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raúl Ortiz
- Institute of Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine (IBIMER), Biomedical Research Centre (CIBM), University of Granada, Spain
| | | | - Laura Cabeza
- Institute of Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine (IBIMER), Biomedical Research Centre (CIBM), University of Granada, Spain
| | - Cristina Jiménez-Luna
- Department of Oncology, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, Epalinges 1066, Switzerland
| | - Raquel Luque
- Medical Oncology Service, Virgen de las Nieves Hospital, Granada, Spain
| | - Jose Prados
- Institute of Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine (IBIMER), Biomedical Research Centre (CIBM), University of Granada, Spain
| | - Consolación Melguizo
- Institute of Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine (IBIMER), Biomedical Research Centre (CIBM), University of Granada, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Singh N, Miner A, Hennis L, Mittal S. Mechanisms of temozolomide resistance in glioblastoma - a comprehensive review. CANCER DRUG RESISTANCE (ALHAMBRA, CALIF.) 2021; 4:17-43. [PMID: 34337348 PMCID: PMC8319838 DOI: 10.20517/cdr.2020.79] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common primary malignant brain tumor in adults and has an exceedingly low median overall survival of only 15 months. Current standard-of-care for GBM consists of gross total surgical resection followed by radiation with concurrent and adjuvant chemotherapy. Temozolomide (TMZ) is the first-choice chemotherapeutic agent in GBM; however, the development of resistance to TMZ often becomes the limiting factor in effective treatment. While O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase repair activity and uniquely resistant populations of glioma stem cells are the most well-known contributors to TMZ resistance, many other molecular mechanisms have come to light in recent years. Key emerging mechanisms include the involvement of other DNA repair systems, aberrant signaling pathways, autophagy, epigenetic modifications, microRNAs, and extracellular vesicle production. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the clinically relevant molecular mechanisms and their extensive interconnections to better inform efforts to combat TMZ resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neha Singh
- Division of Neurosurgery, Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, Roanoke, VA 24014, USA.,Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at VTC, Roanoke, VA 24014, USA
| | - Alexandra Miner
- Division of Neurosurgery, Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, Roanoke, VA 24014, USA.,Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at VTC, Roanoke, VA 24014, USA
| | - Lauren Hennis
- Division of Neurosurgery, Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, Roanoke, VA 24014, USA.,Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at VTC, Roanoke, VA 24014, USA
| | - Sandeep Mittal
- Division of Neurosurgery, Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, Roanoke, VA 24014, USA.,Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at VTC, Roanoke, VA 24014, USA.,Carilion Clinic - Neurosurgery, Roanoke, VA 24014, USA
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Wu WT, Lin WY, Chen YW, Lin CF, Wang HH, Wu SH, Lee YY. New Era of Immunotherapy in Pediatric Brain Tumors: Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-Cell Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22052404. [PMID: 33673696 PMCID: PMC7957810 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy, including chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy, immune checkpoint inhibitors, cancer vaccines, and dendritic cell therapy, has been incorporated as a fifth modality of modern cancer care, along with surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, and target therapy. Among them, CAR T-cell therapy emerges as one of the most promising treatments. In 2017, the first two CAR T-cell drugs, tisagenlecleucel and axicabtagene ciloleucel for B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), respectively, were approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). In addition to the successful applications to hematological malignancies, CAR T-cell therapy has been investigated to potentially treat solid tumors, including pediatric brain tumor, which serves as the leading cause of cancer-associated death for children and adolescents. However, the employment of CAR T-cell therapy in pediatric brain tumors still faces multiple challenges, such as CAR T-cell transportation and expansion through the blood–brain barrier, and identification of the specific target antigen on the tumor surface and immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Nevertheless, encouraging outcomes in both clinical and preclinical trials are coming to light. In this article, we outline the current propitious progress and discuss the obstacles needed to be overcome in order to unveil a new era of treatment in pediatric brain tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Tai Wu
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112304, Taiwan; (W.-T.W.); (Y.-W.C.); (C.-F.L.)
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, 201, Section 2, Shih-Pai Road, Taipei 112201, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Ying Lin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112201, Taiwan;
| | - Yi-Wei Chen
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112304, Taiwan; (W.-T.W.); (Y.-W.C.); (C.-F.L.)
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112201, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Fu Lin
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112304, Taiwan; (W.-T.W.); (Y.-W.C.); (C.-F.L.)
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112201, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Hui Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Immunology and Nephrology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112201, Taiwan;
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112304, Taiwan
- Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112304, Taiwan
| | - Szu-Hsien Wu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112201, Taiwan;
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112304, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Yen Lee
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112304, Taiwan; (W.-T.W.); (Y.-W.C.); (C.-F.L.)
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, 201, Section 2, Shih-Pai Road, Taipei 112201, Taiwan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112201, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-2-2875-7491; Fax: +886-2-2875-7588
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cells, an immunotherapy that demonstrates marked success in treatment of hematologic malignancies, are an emergent therapeutic for patients with glioblastoma (GBM). GBM CAR-T trials have focused on targeting well-characterized antigens in the pathogenesis of GBM. Early stage trials demonstrate initial success in terms of safety and tolerability. There is preliminary evidence of antitumor activity and localization of the CAR-T product to tumoral sites. There are mixed results regarding patient outcomes. Ongoing GBM CAR-T trials will target novel antigens, explore CAR-T combination therapy, design multivalent CAR constructs, and assess the impact of lymphodepletion before CAR-T delivery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thilan Tudor
- University of Pennsylvania, 3600 Hamilton Walk, Stemmler Hall, Room 176, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Zev A Binder
- University of Pennsylvania, 3600 Hamilton Walk, Stemmler Hall, Room 176, Philadelphia, PA 19104.
| | - Donald M O'Rourke
- John Templeton, Jr. M.D. Professor in Neurosurgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce St. Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. https://twitter.com/DrORourke2
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Nguyen HM, Guz-Montgomery K, Lowe DB, Saha D. Pathogenetic Features and Current Management of Glioblastoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13040856. [PMID: 33670551 PMCID: PMC7922739 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13040856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common form of primary malignant brain tumor with a devastatingly poor prognosis. The disease does not discriminate, affecting adults and children of both sexes, and has an average overall survival of 12-15 months, despite advances in diagnosis and rigorous treatment with chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and surgical resection. In addition, most survivors will eventually experience tumor recurrence that only imparts survival of a few months. GBM is highly heterogenous, invasive, vascularized, and almost always inaccessible for treatment. Based on all these outstanding obstacles, there have been tremendous efforts to develop alternative treatment options that allow for more efficient targeting of the tumor including small molecule drugs and immunotherapies. A number of other strategies in development include therapies based on nanoparticles, light, extracellular vesicles, and micro-RNA, and vessel co-option. Advances in these potential approaches shed a promising outlook on the future of GBM treatment. In this review, we briefly discuss the current understanding of adult GBM's pathogenetic features that promote treatment resistance. We also outline novel and promising targeted agents currently under development for GBM patients during the last few years with their current clinical status.
Collapse
|
34
|
Updated Insights on EGFR Signaling Pathways in Glioma. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020587. [PMID: 33435537 PMCID: PMC7827907 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, due to recent advances in molecular biology, the pathogenesis of glioblastoma is better understood. For the newly diagnosed, the current standard of care is represented by resection followed by radiotherapy and temozolomide administration, but because median overall survival remains poor, new diagnosis and treatment strategies are needed. Due to the quick progression, even with aggressive multimodal treatment, glioblastoma remains almost incurable. It is known that epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) amplification is a characteristic of the classical subtype of glioma. However, targeted therapies against this type of receptor have not yet shown a clear clinical benefit. Many factors contribute to resistance, such as ineffective blood-brain barrier penetration, heterogeneity, mutations, as well as compensatory signaling pathways. A better understanding of the EGFR signaling network, and its interrelations with other pathways, are essential to clarify the mechanisms of resistance and create better therapeutic agents.
Collapse
|
35
|
Temozolomide treatment outcomes and immunotherapy efficacy in brain tumor. J Neurooncol 2021; 151:55-62. [PMID: 32813186 PMCID: PMC9833842 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-020-03598-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Glioblastoma (GBM) has a survival rate of around 2 years with aggressive current standard of care. While other tumors have responded favorably to trials combining immunotherapy and chemotherapy, GBM remains uniformly deadly with minimal increases in overall survival. GBM differ from others due to being isolated behind the blood brain barrier, increased heterogeneity and mutational burden, and immunosuppression from the brain environment and tumor itself. METHODS We have reviewed clinical and preclinical studies investigating how different doses (dose intense (DI) and metronomic) and timing of immunotherapy following TMZ treatment can eradicate tumor cells, alter tumor mutational burden, and change immune cells. RESULTS Recent clinical trials with standard of care (SoC), DI and metronomic TMZ regimes are no able to completely eradicate GBM. Elevated TMZ levels in DI treatment can overcome MGMT resistance but may result in hypermutation of surviving tumor cells. Higher levels of TMZ will also generate a higher degree of lymphopenia compared to SoC and metronomic regimes in preclinical studies. CONCLUSION The different levels of lymphopenia and tumor eradication discussed in this review suggest possible beneficial pairings between immunotherapy and TMZ treatment. Treatments resulting in profound lymphopenia will allow for expansion of vaccine specific T cells or of CAT T cells. Clinical and preclinical studies are currently comparing different combinations of TMZ and immunotherapy timing to treat GBM through a balance between tumor killing and immune cell expansion. More frequent immune monitoring time points in ongoing clinical trials are crucial for further development of these combinations.
Collapse
|
36
|
Dyshlovoy SA, Kaune M, Hauschild J, Kriegs M, Hoffer K, Busenbender T, Smirnova PA, Zhidkov ME, Poverennaya EV, Oh-Hohenhorst SJ, Spirin PV, Prassolov VS, Tilki D, Bokemeyer C, Graefen M, von Amsberg G. Efficacy and Mechanism of Action of Marine Alkaloid 3,10-Dibromofascaplysin in Drug-Resistant Prostate Cancer Cells. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:md18120609. [PMID: 33271756 PMCID: PMC7761490 DOI: 10.3390/md18120609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Efficacy and mechanism of action of marine alkaloid 3,10-dibromofascaplysin (DBF) were investigated in human prostate cancer (PCa) cells harboring different levels of drug resistance. Anticancer activity was observed across all cell lines examined without signs of cross-resistance to androgen receptor targeting agents (ARTA) or taxane based chemotherapy. Kinome analysis followed by functional investigation identified JNK1/2 to be one of the molecular targets of DBF in 22Rv1 cells. In contrast, no activation of p38 and ERK1/2 MAPKs was observed. Inhibition of the drug-induced JNK1/2 activation or of the basal p38 activity resulted in increased cytotoxicity of DBF, whereas an active ERK1/2 was identified to be important for anticancer activity of the alkaloid. Synergistic effects of DBF were observed in combination with PARP-inhibitor olaparib most likely due to the induction of ROS production by the marine alkaloid. In addition, DBF intensified effects of platinum-based drugs cisplatin and carboplatin, and taxane derivatives docetaxel and cabazitaxel. Finally, DBF inhibited AR-signaling and resensitized AR-V7-positive 22Rv1 prostate cancer cells to enzalutamide, presumably due to AR-V7 down-regulation. These findings propose DBF to be a promising novel drug candidate for the treatment of human PCa regardless of resistance to standard therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sergey A. Dyshlovoy
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation with Section Pneumology, Hubertus Wald-Tumorzentrum, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20251 Hamburg, Germany; (M.K.); (J.H.); (T.B.); (C.B.); (G.v.A.)
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, A.V. Zhirmunsky National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Palchevskogo str. 17, 690041 Vladivostok, Russian
- Martini-Klinik, Prostate Cancer Center, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20251 Hamburg, Germany; (S.J.O.-H.); (D.T.); (M.G.)
- School of Natural Sciences, Far Eastern Federal University, FEFU Campus, Ajax Bay 10, Russky Island, 690922 Vladivostok, Russian; (P.A.S.); (M.E.Z.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Moritz Kaune
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation with Section Pneumology, Hubertus Wald-Tumorzentrum, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20251 Hamburg, Germany; (M.K.); (J.H.); (T.B.); (C.B.); (G.v.A.)
| | - Jessica Hauschild
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation with Section Pneumology, Hubertus Wald-Tumorzentrum, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20251 Hamburg, Germany; (M.K.); (J.H.); (T.B.); (C.B.); (G.v.A.)
| | - Malte Kriegs
- Department of Radiotherapy & Radiation Oncology, Hubertus Wald Tumorzentrum–University Cancer Center Hamburg (UCCH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20251 Hamburg, Germany; (M.K.); (K.H.)
- UCCH Kinomics Core Facility, Hubertus Wald Tumorzentrum–University Cancer Center Hamburg (UCCH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Konstantin Hoffer
- Department of Radiotherapy & Radiation Oncology, Hubertus Wald Tumorzentrum–University Cancer Center Hamburg (UCCH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20251 Hamburg, Germany; (M.K.); (K.H.)
- UCCH Kinomics Core Facility, Hubertus Wald Tumorzentrum–University Cancer Center Hamburg (UCCH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Busenbender
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation with Section Pneumology, Hubertus Wald-Tumorzentrum, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20251 Hamburg, Germany; (M.K.); (J.H.); (T.B.); (C.B.); (G.v.A.)
| | - Polina A. Smirnova
- School of Natural Sciences, Far Eastern Federal University, FEFU Campus, Ajax Bay 10, Russky Island, 690922 Vladivostok, Russian; (P.A.S.); (M.E.Z.)
| | - Maxim E. Zhidkov
- School of Natural Sciences, Far Eastern Federal University, FEFU Campus, Ajax Bay 10, Russky Island, 690922 Vladivostok, Russian; (P.A.S.); (M.E.Z.)
| | - Ekaterina V. Poverennaya
- Laboratory of Proteoform Interactomics, Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Pogodinskaya str. 10/8, 119121 Moscow, Russian;
| | - Su Jung Oh-Hohenhorst
- Martini-Klinik, Prostate Cancer Center, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20251 Hamburg, Germany; (S.J.O.-H.); (D.T.); (M.G.)
- Institute of Anatomy and Experimental Morphology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Pavel V. Spirin
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova 32, 119991 Moscow, Russian; (P.V.S.); (V.S.P.)
| | - Vladimir S. Prassolov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova 32, 119991 Moscow, Russian; (P.V.S.); (V.S.P.)
| | - Derya Tilki
- Martini-Klinik, Prostate Cancer Center, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20251 Hamburg, Germany; (S.J.O.-H.); (D.T.); (M.G.)
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Carsten Bokemeyer
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation with Section Pneumology, Hubertus Wald-Tumorzentrum, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20251 Hamburg, Germany; (M.K.); (J.H.); (T.B.); (C.B.); (G.v.A.)
| | - Markus Graefen
- Martini-Klinik, Prostate Cancer Center, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20251 Hamburg, Germany; (S.J.O.-H.); (D.T.); (M.G.)
| | - Gunhild von Amsberg
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation with Section Pneumology, Hubertus Wald-Tumorzentrum, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20251 Hamburg, Germany; (M.K.); (J.H.); (T.B.); (C.B.); (G.v.A.)
- Martini-Klinik, Prostate Cancer Center, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20251 Hamburg, Germany; (S.J.O.-H.); (D.T.); (M.G.)
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Effects of miR-373 Inhibition on Glioblastoma Growth by Reducing Limk1 In Vitro. J Immunol Res 2020; 2020:7671502. [PMID: 33062725 PMCID: PMC7539108 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7671502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is an aggressive brain tumor with shorter median overall survival time. It is urgent to find novel methods to enhance the therapeutic efficiency clinically. miR-373 is related to the biological development process of cancers, but there are no reports whether modulation on miR-373 could affect GBM development or modify the efficiency of chemo- or radiotherapy yet. Our current study found that the higher level of miR-373 was observed in U-251 cells. Inhibition on miR-373 could reduce the U-251 cell number by 65% and PCNA expression obviously. In addition, inhibition on miR-373 sensitized U-251 cells to chemo- or radiotherapy. The cell cycle of U-251 cells could be modulated by miR-373 knockdown, which could enhance the p21 expression and reduce the cdc2 level. Anti-miR-373 could increase the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio of U-251 cells and induce cell apoptosis significantly. These above effects of miR-373 could be reversed by Limk1 overexpression. Thus, our experimental data confirmed the fact that miR-373 could be a new therapeutic target to enhance the efficiency of chemo- or radiotherapy for clinical GBM patients.
Collapse
|
38
|
Marine alkaloid monanchoxymycalin C: a new specific activator of JNK1/2 kinase with anticancer properties. Sci Rep 2020; 10:13178. [PMID: 32764580 PMCID: PMC7411023 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-69751-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Monanchoxymycalin C (MomC) is a new marine pentacyclic guanidine alkaloid, recently isolated from marine sponge Monanchora pulchra by us. Here, anticancer activity and mechanism of action was investigated for the first time using a human prostate cancer (PCa) model. MomC was active in all PCa cell lines at low micromolar concentrations and induced an unusual caspase-independent, non-apoptotic cell death. Kinase activity screening identified activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) c-Jun N-terminal protein kinase (JNK1/2) to be one of the primary molecular mechanism of MomC anticancer activity. Functional assays demonstrated a specific and selective JNK1/2 activation prior to the induction of other cell death related processes. Inhibition of JNK1/2 by pretreatment with the JNK-inhibitor SP600125 antagonized cytotoxic activity of the marine compound. MomC caused an upregulation of cytotoxic ROS. However, in contrast to other ROS-inducing agents, co-treatment with PARP-inhibitor olaparib revealed antagonistic effects indicating an active PARP to be necessary for MomC activity. Interestingly, although no direct regulation of p38 and ERK1/2 were detected, active p38 kinase was required for MomC efficacy, while the inhibition of ERK1/2 increased its cytotoxicity. In conclusion, MomC shows promising activity against PCa, which is exerted via JNK1/2 activation and non-apoptotic cell death.
Collapse
|