1
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Anfray A, Schaeffer S, Hattori Y, Santisteban MM, Casey N, Wang G, Strickland M, Zhou P, Holtzman DM, Anrather J, Park L, Iadecola C. A cell-autonomous role for border-associated macrophages in ApoE4 neurovascular dysfunction and susceptibility to white matter injury. Nat Neurosci 2024:10.1038/s41593-024-01757-6. [PMID: 39294490 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-024-01757-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 09/20/2024]
Abstract
Apolipoprotein E4 (ApoE4), the strongest genetic risk factor for sporadic Alzheimer's disease, is also a risk factor for microvascular pathologies leading to cognitive impairment, particularly subcortical white matter injury. These effects have been attributed to alterations in the regulation of the brain blood supply, but the cellular source of ApoE4 and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In mice expressing human ApoE3 or ApoE4, we report that border-associated macrophages (BAMs), myeloid cells closely apposed to neocortical microvessels, are both sources and effectors of ApoE4 mediating the neurovascular dysfunction through reactive oxygen species. ApoE4 in BAMs is solely responsible for the increased susceptibility to oligemic white matter damage in ApoE4 mice and is sufficient to enhance damage in ApoE3 mice. The data unveil a new aspect of BAM pathobiology and highlight a previously unrecognized cell-autonomous role of BAM in the neurovascular dysfunction of ApoE4 with potential therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Anfray
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Samantha Schaeffer
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yorito Hattori
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Monica M Santisteban
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nicole Casey
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gang Wang
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michael Strickland
- Department of Neurology, Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Charles F. and Joanne Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Ping Zhou
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - David M Holtzman
- Department of Neurology, Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Charles F. and Joanne Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Josef Anrather
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Laibaik Park
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Costantino Iadecola
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
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2
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Biffi A. Hematopoietic stem cell gene therapy to halt neurodegeneration. Neurotherapeutics 2024; 21:e00440. [PMID: 39276677 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurot.2024.e00440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Revised: 08/19/2024] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Microglia play fundamental roles in multiple pathological primary and secondary processes affecting the central nervous system that ultimately result in neurodegeneration and for this reason they are considered as a key therapeutic target in several neurodegenerative diseases. Microglia-targeted therapies are directed at either restoring or modulating microglia function, to redirect their functional features toward neuroprotection. Among these strategies, hematopoietic stem cell gene therapy have proven to be endowed with a unique potential for replacing diseased microglia with engineered, transplant progeny cells that can integrate and exert relevant beneficial effects in the central nervous system of patients affected by inherited and acquired neurodegenerative conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Biffi
- Division of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Department of Women and Child's Health, University of Padova and Padova University Hospital, Padova, Italy.
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3
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Milazzo R, Montepeloso A, Kumar R, Ferro F, Cavalca E, Rigoni P, Cabras P, Ciervo Y, Das S, Capotondo A, Pellin D, Peviani M, Biffi A. Therapeutic efficacy of intracerebral hematopoietic stem cell gene therapy in an Alzheimer's disease mouse model. Nat Commun 2024; 15:8024. [PMID: 39271711 PMCID: PMC11399302 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-52301-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
The conditions supporting the generation of microglia-like cells in the central nervous system (CNS) after transplantation of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPC) have been studied to advance the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders. Here, we explored the transplantation efficacy of different cell subsets and delivery routes with the goal of favoring the establishment of a stable and exclusive engraftment of HSPCs and their progeny in the CNS of female mice. In this setting, we show that the CNS environment drives the expansion, distribution and myeloid differentiation of the locally transplanted cells towards a microglia-like phenotype. Intra-CNS transplantation of HSPCs engineered to overexpress TREM2 decreased neuroinflammation, Aβ aggregation and improved memory in 5xFAD female mice. Our proof of concept study demonstrates the therapeutic potential of HSPC gene therapy for Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Milazzo
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Department of Women and Child's Health, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, Division of Regenerative Medicine, Stem Cell and Gene Therapy, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Annita Montepeloso
- Gene Therapy Program, Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rajesh Kumar
- Gene Therapy Program, Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Francesca Ferro
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, Division of Regenerative Medicine, Stem Cell and Gene Therapy, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Gene Therapy Program, Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eleonora Cavalca
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, Division of Regenerative Medicine, Stem Cell and Gene Therapy, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Gene Therapy Program, Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Pietro Rigoni
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Department of Women and Child's Health, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Paolo Cabras
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "L. Spallanzani", Cellular and Molecular Neuropharmacology lab, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Yuri Ciervo
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Department of Women and Child's Health, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Sabyasachi Das
- Gene Therapy Program, Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alessia Capotondo
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, Division of Regenerative Medicine, Stem Cell and Gene Therapy, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Danilo Pellin
- Gene Therapy Program, Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marco Peviani
- Gene Therapy Program, Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "L. Spallanzani", Cellular and Molecular Neuropharmacology lab, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Alessandra Biffi
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Department of Women and Child's Health, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, Division of Regenerative Medicine, Stem Cell and Gene Therapy, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
- Gene Therapy Program, Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, MA, USA.
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4
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Chadarevian JP, Hasselmann J, Lahian A, Capocchi JK, Escobar A, Lim TE, Le L, Tu C, Nguyen J, Kiani Shabestari S, Carlen-Jones W, Gandhi S, Bu G, Hume DA, Pridans C, Wszolek ZK, Spitale RC, Davtyan H, Blurton-Jones M. Therapeutic potential of human microglia transplantation in a chimeric model of CSF1R-related leukoencephalopathy. Neuron 2024; 112:2686-2707.e8. [PMID: 38897209 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2024.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Microglia replacement strategies are increasingly being considered for the treatment of primary microgliopathies like adult-onset leukoencephalopathy with axonal spheroids and pigmented glia (ALSP). However, available mouse models fail to recapitulate the diverse neuropathologies and reduced microglia numbers observed in patients. In this study, we generated a xenotolerant mouse model lacking the fms-intronic regulatory element (FIRE) enhancer within Csf1r, which develops nearly all the hallmark pathologies associated with ALSP. Remarkably, transplantation of human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived microglial (iMG) progenitors restores a homeostatic microglial signature and prevents the development of axonal spheroids, white matter abnormalities, reactive astrocytosis, and brain calcifications. Furthermore, transplantation of CRISPR-corrected ALSP-patient-derived iMG reverses pre-existing spheroids, astrogliosis, and calcification pathologies. Together with the accompanying study by Munro and colleagues, our results demonstrate the utility of FIRE mice to model ALSP and provide compelling evidence that iMG transplantation could offer a promising new therapeutic strategy for ALSP and perhaps other microglia-associated neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Paul Chadarevian
- Department of Neurobiology & Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA; Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA; Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Jonathan Hasselmann
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA; Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Alina Lahian
- Department of Neurobiology & Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA; Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA; Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Joia K Capocchi
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Adrian Escobar
- Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Tau En Lim
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA; Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Lauren Le
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Christina Tu
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA; Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Jasmine Nguyen
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Sepideh Kiani Shabestari
- Department of Neurobiology & Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA; Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - William Carlen-Jones
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Sunil Gandhi
- Department of Neurobiology & Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Guojun Bu
- Division of Life Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - David A Hume
- Mater Research Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Clare Pridans
- University of Edinburgh, University of Edinburgh Center for Inflammation Research, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - Robert C Spitale
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Hayk Davtyan
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA; Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
| | - Mathew Blurton-Jones
- Department of Neurobiology & Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA; Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA; Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
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5
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Du S, Drieu A, Cheng Y, Storck SE, Rustenhoven J, Mamuladze T, Bhattarai B, Brioschi S, Nguyen K, Ou F, Cao J, Rodrigues PF, Smirnov I, DeNardo D, Ginhoux F, Cella M, Colonna M, Kipnis J. Brain-Engrafted Monocyte-derived Macrophages from Blood and Skull-Bone Marrow Exhibit Distinct Identities from Microglia. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.08.08.606900. [PMID: 39211090 PMCID: PMC11361186 DOI: 10.1101/2024.08.08.606900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Microglia are thought to originate exclusively from primitive macrophage progenitors in the yolk sac (YS) and to persist throughout life without much contribution from definitive hematopoiesis. Here, using lineage tracing, pharmacological manipulation, and RNA-sequencing, we elucidated the presence and characteristics of monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) in the brain parenchyma at baseline and during microglia repopulation, and defined the core transcriptional signatures of brain-engrafted MDMs. Lineage tracing mouse models revealed that MDMs transiently express CD206 during brain engraftment as CD206 + microglia precursors in the YS. We found that brain-engrafted MDMs exhibit transcriptional and epigenetic characteristics akin to meningeal macrophages, likely due to environmental imprinting within the meningeal space. Utilizing parabiosis and skull transplantation, we demonstrated that monocytes from both peripheral blood and skull bone marrow can repopulate microglia-depleted brains. Our results reveal the heterogeneous origins and cellular dynamics of brain parenchymal macrophages at baseline and in models of microglia depletion.
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6
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Stoolman JS, Grant RA, Poor TA, Weinberg SE, D'Alessandro KB, Tan J, Hu JYS, Zerrer ME, Wood WA, Harding MC, Soni S, Ridge KM, Schumacker PT, Budinger GRS, Chandel NS. Mitochondrial respiration in microglia is essential for response to demyelinating injury but not proliferation. Nat Metab 2024; 6:1492-1504. [PMID: 39048801 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-024-01080-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Microglia are necessary for central nervous system (CNS) function during development and play roles in ageing, Alzheimer's disease and the response to demyelinating injury1-5. The mitochondrial respiratory chain (RC) is necessary for conventional T cell proliferation6 and macrophage-dependent immune responses7-10. However, whether mitochondrial RC is essential for microglia proliferation or function is not known. We conditionally deleted the mitochondrial complex III subunit Uqcrfs1 (Rieske iron-sulfur polypeptide 1) in the microglia of adult mice to assess the requirement of microglial RC for survival, proliferation and adult CNS function in vivo. Notably, mitochondrial RC function was not required for survival or proliferation of microglia in vivo. RNA sequencing analysis showed that loss of RC function in microglia caused changes in gene expression distinct from aged or disease-associated microglia. Microglia-specific loss of mitochondrial RC function is not sufficient to induce cognitive decline. Amyloid-β plaque coverage decreased and microglial interaction with amyloid-β plaques increased in the hippocampus of 5xFAD mice with mitochondrial RC-deficient microglia. Microglia-specific loss of mitochondrial RC function did impair remyelination following an acute, reversible demyelinating event. Thus, mitochondrial respiration in microglia is dispensable for proliferation but is essential to maintain a proper response to CNS demyelinating injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua S Stoolman
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Rogan A Grant
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Taylor A Poor
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Samuel E Weinberg
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Karis B D'Alessandro
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jerica Tan
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jennifer Yuan-Shih Hu
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Megan E Zerrer
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Walter A Wood
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Madeline C Harding
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sahil Soni
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Karen M Ridge
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Paul T Schumacker
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - G R Scott Budinger
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Navdeep S Chandel
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.
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7
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Carrier M, Robert MÈ, St-Pierre MK, Ibáñez FG, Gonçalves de Andrade E, Laroche A, Picard K, Vecchiarelli HA, Savage JC, Boilard É, Desjardins M, Tremblay MÈ. Bone marrow-derived myeloid cells transiently colonize the brain during postnatal development and interact with glutamatergic synapses. iScience 2024; 27:110037. [PMID: 39021809 PMCID: PMC11253522 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.110037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Although the roles of embryonic yolk sac-derived, resident microglia in neurodevelopment were extensively studied, the possible involvement of bone marrow-derived cells remains elusive. In this work, we used a fate-mapping strategy to selectively label bone marrow-derived cells and their progeny in the brain (FLT3+IBA1+). FLT3+IBA1+ cells were confirmed to be transiently present in the healthy brain during early postnatal development. FLT3+IBA1+ cells have a distinct morphology index at postnatal day(P)0, P7, and P14 compared with neighboring microglia. FLT3+IBA1+ cells also express the microglial markers P2RY12 and TMEM119 and interact with VGLUT1 synapses at P14. Scanning electron microscopy indeed showed that FLT3+ cells contact and engulf pre-synaptic elements. Our findings suggest FLT3+IBA1+ cells might assist microglia in their physiological functions in the developing brain including synaptic pruning which is performed using their purinergic sensors. Our findings stimulate further investigation on the involvement of peripheral macrophages during homeostatic and pathological development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micaël Carrier
- Axe neurosciences, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
- Département de psychiatrie et de neurosciences, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 3E6, Canada
| | - Marie-Ève Robert
- Axe neurosciences, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Marie-Kim St-Pierre
- Axe neurosciences, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 3E6, Canada
- Département de médecine moléculaire, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Fernando González Ibáñez
- Axe neurosciences, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 3E6, Canada
- Département de médecine moléculaire, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | | | - Audrée Laroche
- Département de microbiologie et immunologie, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Katherine Picard
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 3E6, Canada
| | | | - Julie C. Savage
- Axe neurosciences, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Éric Boilard
- Département de microbiologie et immunologie, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Michèle Desjardins
- Department of Physics, Physical Engineering and Optics, Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Oncology Division, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Marie-Ève Tremblay
- Axe neurosciences, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 3E6, Canada
- Département de médecine moléculaire, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4 Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 0G4 Canada
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Related Technology (CAMTEC), Institute on Aging and Lifelong Health (IALH), University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada
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8
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Zhang J, Shi J, Wang L, Liu X, Cao Z, Ruan C, Ning G, Feng S, Yao X, Gao S. Re-analysis of single-cell RNA-seq data reveals the origin and roles of cycling myeloid cells. Stem Cells 2024; 42:593-606. [PMID: 38655770 DOI: 10.1093/stmcls/sxae030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Cycling myeloid cells (CMCs) are often detected from various tissues using single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) datasets, however, their research value was not noticed before. For the first time, our study preliminarily revealed the origin, differentiation, and roles of CMCs in physiological processes. Particularly, subgroup a of cycling myeloid cells (aCMCs) were conclusively identified as belonging to a specific cell type. In an active state, aCMCs rapidly proliferate during the early stages of an embryonic development. With an individual maturing, most aCMCs differentiate into specialized cells, while a small portion of them enter an inactive or dormant state. Under pathological conditions, aCMCs restore their proliferative and differentiation capacities via activation or revival. The present study has set the stage for future research on CMCs by linking them with progenitors of immune cells, and provided a crucial starting point to understand the origin, differentiation, and roles of CMCs in various physiological and pathological processes, particularly those related to traumatic injury, cancer, and pathogen infection, leading to develop targeted therapies or interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord, International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, International Chinese Musculoskeletal Research Society Collaborating Center for Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin, Tianjin 300050, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingsong Shi
- National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210016, People's Republic of China
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Liangge Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Nanjing Mingzhou Rehabilitation Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinjie Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord, International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, International Chinese Musculoskeletal Research Society Collaborating Center for Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin, Tianjin 300050, People's Republic of China
| | - Zemin Cao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord, International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, International Chinese Musculoskeletal Research Society Collaborating Center for Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin, Tianjin 300050, People's Republic of China
| | - Cihan Ruan
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangzhi Ning
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord, International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, International Chinese Musculoskeletal Research Society Collaborating Center for Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin, Tianjin 300050, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiqing Feng
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord, International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, International Chinese Musculoskeletal Research Society Collaborating Center for Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin, Tianjin 300050, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Yao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord, International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, International Chinese Musculoskeletal Research Society Collaborating Center for Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin, Tianjin 300050, People's Republic of China
| | - Shan Gao
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
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9
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Colella P, Sayana R, Suarez-Nieto MV, Sarno J, Nyame K, Xiong J, Pimentel Vera LN, Arozqueta Basurto J, Corbo M, Limaye A, Davis KL, Abu-Remaileh M, Gomez-Ospina N. CNS-wide repopulation by hematopoietic-derived microglia-like cells corrects progranulin deficiency in mice. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5654. [PMID: 38969669 PMCID: PMC11226701 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49908-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation can deliver therapeutic proteins to the central nervous system (CNS) through transplant-derived microglia-like cells. However, current conditioning approaches result in low and slow engraftment of transplanted cells in the CNS. Here we optimized a brain conditioning regimen that leads to rapid, robust, and persistent microglia replacement without adverse effects on neurobehavior or hematopoiesis. This regimen combines busulfan myeloablation and six days of Colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor inhibitor PLX3397. Single-cell analyses revealed unappreciated heterogeneity of microglia-like cells with most cells expressing genes characteristic of homeostatic microglia, brain-border-associated macrophages, and unique markers. Cytokine analysis in the CNS showed transient inductions of myeloproliferative and chemoattractant cytokines that help repopulate the microglia niche. Bone marrow transplant of progranulin-deficient mice conditioned with busulfan and PLX3397 restored progranulin in the brain and eyes and normalized brain lipofuscin storage, proteostasis, and lipid metabolism. This study advances our understanding of CNS repopulation by hematopoietic-derived cells and demonstrates its therapeutic potential for treating progranulin-dependent neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasqualina Colella
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
| | - Ruhi Sayana
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | | | - Jolanda Sarno
- Hematology, Oncology, Stem Cell Transplant, and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Tettamanti Center, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, 20900, Monza, Italy
| | - Kwamina Nyame
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- The Institute for Chemistry, Engineering and Medicine for Human Health (Sarafan ChEM-H), Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Jian Xiong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- The Institute for Chemistry, Engineering and Medicine for Human Health (Sarafan ChEM-H), Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | | | | | - Marco Corbo
- MedGenome, Inc, 348 Hatch Dr, Foster City, CA, 94404, USA
| | - Anay Limaye
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- MedGenome, Inc, 348 Hatch Dr, Foster City, CA, 94404, USA
| | - Kara L Davis
- Hematology, Oncology, Stem Cell Transplant, and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Monther Abu-Remaileh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- The Institute for Chemistry, Engineering and Medicine for Human Health (Sarafan ChEM-H), Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Natalia Gomez-Ospina
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
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10
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Trzebanski S, Kim JS, Larossi N, Raanan A, Kancheva D, Bastos J, Haddad M, Solomon A, Sivan E, Aizik D, Kralova JS, Gross-Vered M, Boura-Halfon S, Lapidot T, Alon R, Movahedi K, Jung S. Classical monocyte ontogeny dictates their functions and fates as tissue macrophages. Immunity 2024; 57:1225-1242.e6. [PMID: 38749446 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2024.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Classical monocytes (CMs) are ephemeral myeloid immune cells that circulate in the blood. Emerging evidence suggests that CMs can have distinct ontogeny and originate from either granulocyte-monocyte- or monocyte-dendritic-cell progenitors (GMPs or MDPs). Here, we report surface markers that allowed segregation of murine GMP- and MDP-derived CMs, i.e., GMP-Mo and MDP-Mo, as well as their functional characterization, including fate definition following adoptive cell transfer. GMP-Mo and MDP-Mo yielded an equal increase in homeostatic CM progeny, such as blood-resident non-classical monocytes and gut macrophages; however, these cells differentially seeded various other selected tissues, including the dura mater and lung. Specifically, GMP-Mo and MDP-Mo differentiated into distinct interstitial lung macrophages, linking CM dichotomy to previously reported pulmonary macrophage heterogeneity. Collectively, we provide evidence for the existence of two functionally distinct CM subsets in the mouse that differentially contribute to peripheral tissue macrophage populations in homeostasis and following challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Trzebanski
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Jung-Seok Kim
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Niss Larossi
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Ayala Raanan
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Daliya Kancheva
- Brain and Systems Immunology Laboratory, Brussels Center for Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jonathan Bastos
- Brain and Systems Immunology Laboratory, Brussels Center for Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Montaser Haddad
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Aryeh Solomon
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Ehud Sivan
- MICC Cell Observatory Unit, Life Sciences Core Facilities, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Dan Aizik
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | | | - Mor Gross-Vered
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Sigalit Boura-Halfon
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Tsvee Lapidot
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Ronen Alon
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Kiavash Movahedi
- Brain and Systems Immunology Laboratory, Brussels Center for Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Steffen Jung
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
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11
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Li Q, Li B, Liu L, Wang KJ, Liu MY, Deng Y, Li Z, Zhao WD, Wu LY, Chen YH, Zhang K. Monocytes release cystatin F dimer to associate with Aβ and aggravate amyloid pathology and cognitive deficits in Alzheimer's disease. J Neuroinflammation 2024; 21:125. [PMID: 38730470 PMCID: PMC11088181 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-024-03119-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding the molecular mechanisms of Alzheimer's disease (AD) has important clinical implications for guiding therapy. Impaired amyloid beta (Aβ) clearance is critical in the pathogenesis of sporadic AD, and blood monocytes play an important role in Aβ clearance in the periphery. However, the mechanism underlying the defective phagocytosis of Aβ by monocytes in AD remains unclear. METHODS Initially, we collected whole blood samples from sporadic AD patients and isolated the monocytes for RNA sequencing analysis. By establishing APP/PS1 transgenic model mice with monocyte-specific cystatin F overexpression, we assessed the influence of monocyte-derived cystatin F on AD development. We further used a nondenaturing gel to identify the structure of the secreted cystatin F in plasma. Flow cytometry, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and laser scanning confocal microscopy were used to analyse the internalization of Aβ by monocytes. Pull down assays, bimolecular fluorescence complementation assays and total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy were used to determine the interactions and potential interactional amino acids between the cystatin F protein and Aβ. Finally, the cystatin F protein was purified and injected via the tail vein into 5XFAD mice to assess AD pathology. RESULTS Our results demonstrated that the expression of the cystatin F protein was specifically increased in the monocytes of AD patients. Monocyte-derived cystatin F increased Aβ deposition and exacerbated cognitive deficits in APP/PS1 mice. Furthermore, secreted cystatin F in the plasma of AD patients has a dimeric structure that is closely related to clinical signs of AD. Moreover, we noted that the cystatin F dimer blocks the phagocytosis of Aβ by monocytes. Mechanistically, the cystatin F dimer physically interacts with Aβ to inhibit its recognition and internalization by monocytes through certain amino acid interactions between the cystatin F dimer and Aβ. We found that high levels of the cystatin F dimer protein in blood contributed to amyloid pathology and cognitive deficits as a risk factor in 5XFAD mice. CONCLUSIONS Our findings highlight that the cystatin F dimer plays a crucial role in regulating Aβ metabolism via its peripheral clearance pathway, providing us with a potential biomarker for diagnosis and potential target for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Li
- Department of Developmental Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology,, Ministry of Public Health, China Medical University, 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang, 110122, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, China
| | - Bing Li
- Department of Developmental Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology,, Ministry of Public Health, China Medical University, 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang, 110122, China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China
- Department of Neurology, Shenyang Fifth People Hospital, Shenyang, 110023, China
| | - Kang-Ji Wang
- Department of Developmental Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology,, Ministry of Public Health, China Medical University, 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang, 110122, China
| | - Ming-Yue Liu
- Department of Developmental Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology,, Ministry of Public Health, China Medical University, 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang, 110122, China
| | - Yu Deng
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China
| | - Ze Li
- Department of Developmental Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology,, Ministry of Public Health, China Medical University, 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang, 110122, China
| | - Wei-Dong Zhao
- Department of Developmental Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology,, Ministry of Public Health, China Medical University, 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang, 110122, China.
| | - Li-Yong Wu
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China.
| | - Yu-Hua Chen
- Department of Developmental Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology,, Ministry of Public Health, China Medical University, 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang, 110122, China.
| | - Ke Zhang
- Department of Developmental Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology,, Ministry of Public Health, China Medical University, 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang, 110122, China.
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12
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Hoffmann MH, Kirchner H, Krönke G, Riemekasten G, Bonelli M. Inflammatory tissue priming: novel insights and therapeutic opportunities for inflammatory rheumatic diseases. Ann Rheum Dis 2024:ard-2023-224092. [PMID: 38702177 DOI: 10.1136/ard-2023-224092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
Due to optimised treatment strategies and the availability of new therapies during the last decades, formerly devastating chronic inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis or systemic sclerosis (SSc) have become less menacing. However, in many patients, even state-of-the-art treatment cannot induce remission. Moreover, the risk for flares strongly increases once anti-inflammatory therapy is tapered or withdrawn, suggesting that underlying pathological processes remain active even in the absence of overt inflammation. It has become evident that tissues have the ability to remember past encounters with pathogens, wounds and other irritants, and to react more strongly and/or persistently to the next occurrence. This priming of the tissue bears a paramount role in defence from microbes, but on the other hand drives inflammatory pathologies (the Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde aspect of tissue adaptation). Emerging evidence suggests that long-lived tissue-resident cells, such as fibroblasts, macrophages, long-lived plasma cells and tissue-resident memory T cells, determine inflammatory tissue priming in an interplay with infiltrating immune cells of lymphoid and myeloid origin, and with systemically acting factors such as cytokines, extracellular vesicles and antibodies. Here, we review the current state of science on inflammatory tissue priming, focusing on tissue-resident and tissue-occupying cells in arthritis and SSc, and reflect on the most promising treatment options targeting the maladapted tissue response during these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Henriette Kirchner
- Institute for Human Genetics, Epigenetics and Metabolism Lab, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Gerhard Krönke
- Department of Rheumatology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gabriela Riemekasten
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Michael Bonelli
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Arthritis and Rehabilitation, Vienna, Austria
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13
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Zhao J, Andreev I, Silva HM. Resident tissue macrophages: Key coordinators of tissue homeostasis beyond immunity. Sci Immunol 2024; 9:eadd1967. [PMID: 38608039 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.add1967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Resident tissue macrophages (RTMs) encompass a highly diverse set of cells abundantly present in every tissue and organ. RTMs are recognized as central players in innate immune responses, and more recently their importance beyond host defense has started to be highlighted. Despite sharing a universal name and several canonical markers, RTMs perform remarkably specialized activities tailored to sustain critical homeostatic functions of the organs they reside in. These cells can mediate neuronal communication, participate in metabolic pathways, and secrete growth factors. In this Review, we summarize how the division of labor among different RTM subsets helps support tissue homeostasis. We discuss how the local microenvironment influences the development of RTMs, the molecular processes they support, and how dysregulation of RTMs can lead to disease. Last, we highlight both the similarities and tissue-specific distinctions of key RTM subsets, aiming to coalesce recent classifications and perspectives into a unified view.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Zhao
- Laboratory of Immunophysiology, Ragon Institute of Mass General, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ilya Andreev
- Laboratory of Immunophysiology, Ragon Institute of Mass General, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Hernandez Moura Silva
- Laboratory of Immunophysiology, Ragon Institute of Mass General, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
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14
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Hu A, Sun L, Lin H, Liao Y, Yang H, Mao Y. Harnessing innate immune pathways for therapeutic advancement in cancer. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:68. [PMID: 38523155 PMCID: PMC10961329 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01765-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The innate immune pathway is receiving increasing attention in cancer therapy. This pathway is ubiquitous across various cell types, not only in innate immune cells but also in adaptive immune cells, tumor cells, and stromal cells. Agonists targeting the innate immune pathway have shown profound changes in the tumor microenvironment (TME) and improved tumor prognosis in preclinical studies. However, to date, the clinical success of drugs targeting the innate immune pathway remains limited. Interestingly, recent studies have shown that activation of the innate immune pathway can paradoxically promote tumor progression. The uncertainty surrounding the therapeutic effectiveness of targeted drugs for the innate immune pathway is a critical issue that needs immediate investigation. In this review, we observe that the role of the innate immune pathway demonstrates heterogeneity, linked to the tumor development stage, pathway status, and specific cell types. We propose that within the TME, the innate immune pathway exhibits multidimensional diversity. This diversity is fundamentally rooted in cellular heterogeneity and is manifested as a variety of signaling networks. The pro-tumor effect of innate immune pathway activation essentially reflects the suppression of classical pathways and the activation of potential pro-tumor alternative pathways. Refining our understanding of the tumor's innate immune pathway network and employing appropriate targeting strategies can enhance our ability to harness the anti-tumor potential of the innate immune pathway and ultimately bridge the gap from preclinical to clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankang Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
- Institute for Translational Brain Research, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
- National Center for Neurological Disorders, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Li Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
- National Center for Neurological Disorders, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Hao Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
- National Center for Neurological Disorders, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Yuheng Liao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism (Ministry of Science and Technology), and Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine (Ministry of Education), and Molecular and Cell Biology Lab, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Hui Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China.
- Institute for Translational Brain Research, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China.
- National Center for Neurological Disorders, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China.
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China.
| | - Ying Mao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China.
- National Center for Neurological Disorders, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China.
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China.
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15
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Sun R, Jiang H. Border-associated macrophages in the central nervous system. J Neuroinflammation 2024; 21:67. [PMID: 38481312 PMCID: PMC10938757 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-024-03059-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Tissue-resident macrophages play an important role in the local maintenance of homeostasis and immune surveillance. In the central nervous system (CNS), brain macrophages are anatomically divided into parenchymal microglia and non-parenchymal border-associated macrophages (BAMs). Among these immune cell populations, microglia have been well-studied for their roles during development as well as in health and disease. BAMs, mostly located in the choroid plexus, meningeal and perivascular spaces, are now gaining increased attention due to advancements in multi-omics technologies and genetic methodologies. Research on BAMs over the past decade has focused on their ontogeny, immunophenotypes, involvement in various CNS diseases, and potential as therapeutic targets. Unlike microglia, BAMs display mixed origins and distinct self-renewal capacity. BAMs are believed to regulate neuroimmune responses associated with brain barriers and contribute to immune-mediated neuropathology. Notably, BAMs have been observed to function in diverse cerebral pathologies, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, ischemic stroke, and gliomas. The elucidation of the heterogeneity and diverse functions of BAMs during homeostasis and neuroinflammation is mesmerizing, since it may shed light on the precision medicine that emphasizes deep insights into programming cues in the unique brain immune microenvironment. In this review, we delve into the latest findings on BAMs, covering aspects like their origins, self-renewal capacity, adaptability, and implications in different brain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Sun
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, 660 S. Euclid Ave., Box 8057, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
| | - Haowu Jiang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University Pain Center, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, 660 S. Euclid Ave., CB 8054, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
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16
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Yu C, Lad EM, Mathew R, Shiraki N, Littleton S, Chen Y, Hou J, Schlepckow K, Degan S, Chew L, Amason J, Kalnitsky J, Bowes Rickman C, Proia AD, Colonna M, Haass C, Saban DR. Microglia at sites of atrophy restrict the progression of retinal degeneration via galectin-3 and Trem2. J Exp Med 2024; 221:e20231011. [PMID: 38289348 PMCID: PMC10826045 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20231011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Outer retinal degenerations, including age-related macular degeneration (AMD), are characterized by photoreceptor and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) atrophy. In these blinding diseases, macrophages accumulate at atrophic sites, but their ontogeny and niche specialization remain poorly understood, especially in humans. We uncovered a unique profile of microglia, marked by galectin-3 upregulation, at atrophic sites in mouse models of retinal degeneration and human AMD. In disease models, conditional deletion of galectin-3 in microglia led to phagocytosis defects and consequent augmented photoreceptor death, RPE damage, and vision loss, indicating protective roles. Mechanistically, Trem2 signaling orchestrated microglial migration to atrophic sites and induced galectin-3 expression. Moreover, pharmacologic Trem2 agonization led to heightened protection but in a galectin-3-dependent manner. In elderly human subjects, we identified this highly conserved microglial population that expressed galectin-3 and Trem2. This population was significantly enriched in the macular RPE-choroid of AMD subjects. Collectively, our findings reveal a neuroprotective population of microglia and a potential therapeutic target for mitigating retinal degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Yu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Eleonora M. Lad
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Rose Mathew
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Nobuhiko Shiraki
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Sejiro Littleton
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Immunology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Yun Chen
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jinchao Hou
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Kai Schlepckow
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Simone Degan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Lindsey Chew
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Joshua Amason
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Joan Kalnitsky
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Catherine Bowes Rickman
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Alan D. Proia
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Pathology, Campbell University Jerry M. Wallace School of Osteopathic Medicine, Lillington, NC, USA
| | - Marco Colonna
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Christian Haass
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases Munich, Munich, Germany
- Chair of Metabolic Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Daniel R. Saban
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Immunology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
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17
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Rao Y, Peng B. Allogenic microglia replacement: A novel therapeutic strategy for neurological disorders. FUNDAMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 4:237-245. [PMID: 38933508 PMCID: PMC11197774 DOI: 10.1016/j.fmre.2023.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Microglia are resident immune cells in the central nervous system (CNS) that play vital roles in CNS development, homeostasis and disease pathogenesis. Genetic defects in microglia lead to microglial dysfunction, which in turn leads to neurological disorders. The correction of the specific genetic defects in microglia in these disorders can lead to therapeutic effects. Traditional genetic defect correction approaches are dependent on viral vector-based genetic defect corrections. However, the viruses used in these approaches, including adeno-associated viruses, lentiviruses and retroviruses, do not primarily target microglia; therefore, viral vector-based genetic defect corrections are ineffective in microglia. Microglia replacement is a novel approach to correct microglial genetic defects via replacing microglia of genetic defects with allogenic healthy microglia. In this paper, we systematically review the history, rationale and therapeutic perspectives of microglia replacement, which would be a novel strategy for treating CNS disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxia Rao
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Bo Peng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Institute for Translational Brain Research, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, MOE Innovative Center for New Drug Development of Immune Inflammatory Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai 200000, China
- Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China
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18
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Dalmau Gasull A, Glavan M, Samawar SKR, Kapupara K, Kelk J, Rubio M, Fumagalli S, Sorokin L, Vivien D, Prinz M. The niche matters: origin, function and fate of CNS-associated macrophages during health and disease. Acta Neuropathol 2024; 147:37. [PMID: 38347231 PMCID: PMC10861620 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-023-02676-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
There are several cellular and acellular structural barriers associated with the brain interfaces, which include the dura, the leptomeninges, the perivascular space and the choroid plexus epithelium. Each structure is enriched by distinct myeloid populations, which mainly originate from erythromyeloid precursors (EMP) in the embryonic yolk sac and seed the CNS during embryogenesis. However, depending on the precise microanatomical environment, resident myeloid cells differ in their marker profile, turnover and the extent to which they can be replenished by blood-derived cells. While some EMP-derived cells seed the parenchyma to become microglia, others engraft the meninges and become CNS-associated macrophages (CAMs), also referred to as border-associated macrophages (BAMs), e.g., leptomeningeal macrophages (MnMΦ). Recent data revealed that MnMΦ migrate into perivascular spaces postnatally where they differentiate into perivascular macrophages (PvMΦ). Under homeostatic conditions in pathogen-free mice, there is virtually no contribution of bone marrow-derived cells to MnMΦ and PvMΦ, but rather to macrophages of the choroid plexus and dura. In neuropathological conditions in which the blood-brain barrier is compromised, however, an influx of bone marrow-derived cells into the CNS can occur, potentially contributing to the pool of CNS myeloid cells. Simultaneously, resident CAMs may also proliferate and undergo transcriptional and proteomic changes, thereby, contributing to the disease outcome. Thus, both resident and infiltrating myeloid cells together act within their microenvironmental niche, but both populations play crucial roles in the overall disease course. Here, we summarize the current understanding of the sources and fates of resident CAMs in health and disease, and the role of the microenvironment in influencing their maintenance and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrià Dalmau Gasull
- Institute of Neuropathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Martina Glavan
- Normandie University, UNICAEN, INSERM UMR-S U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders (PhIND), GIP Cyceron, Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen-Normandie (BB@C), 14000, Caen, France
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, USA
| | - Sai K Reddy Samawar
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry and Cells in Motion Interfaculty Centre (CIMIC), University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Kishan Kapupara
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry and Cells in Motion Interfaculty Centre (CIMIC), University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Joe Kelk
- Laboratory of Stroke and Vascular Dysfunctions, Department of Acute Brain and Cardiovascular Injury, Istituto Di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, 20156, Milan, Italy
| | - Marina Rubio
- Normandie University, UNICAEN, INSERM UMR-S U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders (PhIND), GIP Cyceron, Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen-Normandie (BB@C), 14000, Caen, France
| | - Stefano Fumagalli
- Laboratory of Stroke and Vascular Dysfunctions, Department of Acute Brain and Cardiovascular Injury, Istituto Di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, 20156, Milan, Italy
| | - Lydia Sorokin
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry and Cells in Motion Interfaculty Centre (CIMIC), University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Denis Vivien
- Normandie University, UNICAEN, INSERM UMR-S U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders (PhIND), GIP Cyceron, Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen-Normandie (BB@C), 14000, Caen, France
- Department of Clinical Research, Caen-Normandie University Hospital, CHU, Avenue de La Côte de Nacre, Caen, France
| | - Marco Prinz
- Institute of Neuropathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
- Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS-Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
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19
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Avloniti M, Evangelidou M, Gomini M, Loupis T, Emmanouil M, Mitropoulou A, Tselios T, Lassmann H, Gruart A, Delgado-García JM, Probert L, Kyrargyri V. IKKβ deletion from CNS macrophages increases neuronal excitability and accelerates the onset of EAE, while from peripheral macrophages reduces disease severity. J Neuroinflammation 2024; 21:34. [PMID: 38279130 PMCID: PMC10821407 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-024-03023-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neuroinflammatory demyelinating disease characterized by motor deficits and cognitive decline. Many immune aspects of the disease are understood through studies in the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model, including the contribution of the NF-κB transcription factor to neuroinflammation. However, the cell-specific roles of NF-κB to EAE and its cognitive comorbidities still needs further investigation. We have previously shown that the myeloid cell NF-κB plays a role in the healthy brain by exerting homeostatic regulation of neuronal excitability and synaptic plasticity and here we investigated its role in EAE. METHODS We used constitutive MφIKKβΚΟ mice, in which depletion of IKKβ, the main activating kinase of NF-κB, was global to CNS and peripheral macrophages, and ΜgΙΚΚβKO mice, in which depletion was inducible and specific to CNS macrophages by 28 days after tamoxifen administration. We subjected these mice to MOG35-55 induced EAE and cuprizone-induced demyelination. We measured pathology by immunohistochemistry, investigated molecular mechanisms by RNA sequencing analysis and studied neuronal functions by in vivo electrophysiology in awake animals. RESULTS Global depletion of IKKβ from myeloid cells in MφIKKβΚΟ mice accelerated the onset and significantly supressed chronic EAE. Knocking out IKKβ only from CNS resident macrophages accelerated the onset and exacerbated chronic EAE, accompanied by earlier demyelination and immune cell infiltration but had no effect in cuprizone-induced demyelination. Peripheral T cell effector functions were not affected by myeloid cell deletion of IKKβ, but CNS resident mechanisms, such as microglial activation and neuronal hyperexcitability were altered from early in EAE. Lastly, depletion of myeloid cell IKKβ resulted in enhanced late long-term potentiation in EAE. CONCLUSIONS IKKβ-mediated activation of NF-κΒ in myeloid cells has opposing roles in EAE depending on the cell type and the disease stage. In CNS macrophages it is protective while in peripheral macrophages it is disease-promoting and acts mainly during chronic disease. Although clinically protective, CNS myeloid cell IKKβ deletion dysregulates neuronal excitability and synaptic plasticity in EAE. These effects of IKKβ on brain cognitive abilities deserve special consideration when therapeutic interventions that inhibit NF-κB are used in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Avloniti
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Evangelidou
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Gomini
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, Athens, Greece
| | - Theodore Loupis
- Greek Genome Centre, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens (BRFAA), Athens, Greece
- Haematology Research Laboratory, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens (BRFAA), Athens, Greece
| | - Mary Emmanouil
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, Athens, Greece
| | | | | | - Hans Lassmann
- Department of Neuroimmunology, Centre for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Agnès Gruart
- Division of Neurosciences, Pablo de Olavide University, 41013, Seville, Spain
| | | | - Lesley Probert
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, Athens, Greece
| | - Vasiliki Kyrargyri
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, Athens, Greece.
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20
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Luo EY, Sugimura RR. Taming microglia: the promise of engineered microglia in treating neurological diseases. J Neuroinflammation 2024; 21:19. [PMID: 38212785 PMCID: PMC10785527 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-024-03015-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Microglia, the CNS-resident immune cells, are implicated in many neurological diseases. Nearly one in six of the world's population suffers from neurological disorders, encompassing neurodegenerative and neuroautoimmune diseases, most with dysregulated neuroinflammation involved. Activated microglia become phagocytotic and secret various immune molecules, which are mediators of the brain immune microenvironment. Given their ability to penetrate through the blood-brain barrier in the neuroinflammatory context and their close interaction with neurons and other glial cells, microglia are potential therapeutic delivery vehicles and modulators of neuronal activity. Re-engineering microglia to treat neurological diseases is, thus, increasingly gaining attention. By altering gene expression, re-programmed microglia can be utilized to deliver therapeutics to targeted sites and control neuroinflammation in various neuroinflammatory diseases. This review addresses the current development in microglial engineering, including genetic targeting and therapeutic modulation. Furthermore, we discuss limitations to the genetic engineering techniques and models used to test the functionality of re-engineered microglia, including cell culture and animal models. Finally, we will discuss future directions for the application of engineered microglia in treating neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Echo Yongqi Luo
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Rio Ryohichi Sugimura
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.
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21
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Wen W, Cheng J, Tang Y. Brain perivascular macrophages: current understanding and future prospects. Brain 2024; 147:39-55. [PMID: 37691438 PMCID: PMC10766266 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awad304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain perivascular macrophages are specialized populations of macrophages that reside in the space around cerebral vessels, such as penetrating arteries and venules. With the help of cutting-edge technologies, such as cell fate mapping and single-cell multi-omics, their multifaceted, pivotal roles in phagocytosis, antigen presentation, vascular integrity maintenance and metabolic regulation have more recently been further revealed under physiological conditions. Accumulating evidence also implies that perivascular macrophages are involved in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disease, cerebrovascular dysfunction, autoimmune disease, traumatic brain injury and epilepsy. They can act in either protective or detrimental ways depending on the disease course and stage. However, the underlying mechanisms of perivascular macrophages remain largely unknown. Therefore, we highlight potential future directions in research on perivascular macrophages, including the utilization of genetic mice and novel therapeutic strategies that target these unique immune cells for neuroprotective purposes. In conclusion, this review provides a comprehensive update on the current knowledge of brain perivascular macrophages, shedding light on their pivotal roles in central nervous system health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Wen
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
- Brain Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
- Nanhai Translational Innovation Center of Precision Immunology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Foshan 528200, China
| | - Jinping Cheng
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
- Brain Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
- Nanhai Translational Innovation Center of Precision Immunology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Foshan 528200, China
| | - Yamei Tang
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
- Brain Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
- Nanhai Translational Innovation Center of Precision Immunology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Foshan 528200, China
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22
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Weyer MP, Strehle J, Schäfer MKE, Tegeder I. Repurposing of pexidartinib for microglia depletion and renewal. Pharmacol Ther 2024; 253:108565. [PMID: 38052308 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2023.108565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Pexidartinib (PLX3397) is a small molecule receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor of colony stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R) with moderate selectivity over other members of the platelet derived growth factor receptor family. It is approved for treatment of tenosynovial giant cell tumors (TGCT). CSF1R is highly expressed by microglia, which are macrophages of the central nervous system (CNS) that defend the CNS against injury and pathogens and contribute to synapse development and plasticity. Challenged by pathogens, apoptotic cells, debris, or inflammatory molecules they adopt a responsive state to propagate the inflammation and eventually return to a homeostatic state. The phenotypic switch may fail, and disease-associated microglia contribute to the pathophysiology in neurodegenerative or neuropsychiatric diseases or long-lasting detrimental brain inflammation after brain, spinal cord or nerve injury or ischemia/hemorrhage. Microglia also contribute to the growth permissive tumor microenvironment of glioblastoma (GBM). In rodents, continuous treatment for 1-2 weeks via pexidartinib food pellets leads to a depletion of microglia and subsequent repopulation from the remaining fraction, which is aided by peripheral monocytes that search empty niches for engraftment. The putative therapeutic benefit of such microglia depletion or forced renewal has been assessed in almost any rodent model of CNS disease or injury or GBM with heterogeneous outcomes, but a tendency of partial beneficial effects. So far, microglia monitoring e.g. via positron emission imaging is not standard of care for patients receiving Pexidartinib (e.g. for TGCT), so that the depletion and repopulation efficiency in humans is still largely unknown. Considering the virtuous functions of microglia, continuous depletion is likely no therapeutic option but short-lasting transient partial depletion to stimulate microglia renewal or replace microglia in genetic disease in combination with e.g. stem cell transplantation or as part of a multimodal concept in treatment of glioblastoma appears feasible. The present review provides an overview of the preclinical evidence pro and contra microglia depletion as a therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc-Philipp Weyer
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Faculty of Medicine, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Jenny Strehle
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Medical Center Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Germany
| | - Michael K E Schäfer
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Medical Center Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Germany
| | - Irmgard Tegeder
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Faculty of Medicine, Frankfurt, Germany.
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23
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Frumer GR, Shin SH, Jung S, Kim JS. Not just Glia-Dissecting brain macrophages in the mouse. Glia 2024; 72:5-18. [PMID: 37501579 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages have emerged as critical cellular components of the central nervous system (CNS), promoting development, maintenance, and immune defense of the CNS. Here we will review recent advances in our understanding of brain macrophage heterogeneity, including microglia and border-associated macrophages, focusing on the mouse. Emphasis will be given to the discussion of strengths and limitations of the experimental approaches that have led to the recent insights and hold promise to further deepen our mechanistic understanding of brain macrophages that might eventually allow to harness their activities for the management of CNS pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gal Ronit Frumer
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Sun-Hye Shin
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Steffen Jung
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Jung-Seok Kim
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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24
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Reghu G, Vemula PK, Bhat SG, Narayanan S. Harnessing the innate immune system by revolutionizing macrophage-mediated cancer immunotherapy. J Biosci 2024; 49:63. [PMID: 38864238 PMCID: PMC11286319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Immunotherapy is a promising and safer alternative to conventional cancer therapies. It involves adaptive T-cell therapy, cancer vaccines, monoclonal antibodies, immune checkpoint blockade (ICB), and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) based therapies. However, most of these modalities encounter restrictions in solid tumours owing to a dense, highly hypoxic and immune-suppressive microenvironment as well as the heterogeneity of tumour antigens. The elevated intra-tumoural pressure and mutational rates within fastgrowing solid tumours present challenges in efficient drug targeting and delivery. The tumour microenvironment is a dynamic niche infiltrated by a variety of immune cells, most of which are macrophages. Since they form a part of the innate immune system, targeting macrophages has become a plausible immunotherapeutic approach. In this review, we discuss several versatile approaches (both at pre-clinical and clinical stages) such as the direct killing of tumour-associated macrophages, reprogramming pro-tumour macrophages to anti-tumour phenotypes, inhibition of macrophage recruitment into the tumour microenvironment, novel CAR macrophages, and genetically engineered macrophages that have been devised thus far. These strategies comprise a strong and adaptable macrophage-toolkit in the ongoing fight against cancer and by understanding their significance, we may unlock the full potential of these immune cells in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gayatri Reghu
- Department of Biotechnology, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Kochi 682 022, India
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25
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Kim JS, Jung S. Visualization, Fate Mapping, Ablation, and Mutagenesis of Microglia in the Mouse Brain. ADVANCES IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2024; 37:53-63. [PMID: 39207686 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-55529-9_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Since the classical studies of Pío del Río-Hortega, microglia research has come a long way. In particular, recent advances in bulk and single-cell (sc) transcriptomics have yielded many fascinating new insights into these intriguing immune cells at the interface with the central nervous system (CNS), both in small animal models and human samples. In parallel, tools developed by advanced mouse genetics have revealed the unique ontogeny of microglia and their striking dynamic interactions with other cells in the brain parenchyma. In this chapter, we will discuss various applications of the Cre/loxP-based approach that have enabled the study of microglia in their physiological context of the mouse brain. We will highlight selected key findings that have shaped our current understanding of these cells and discuss the technical intricacies of the Cre/loxP approach and some remaining challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Seok Kim
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology (IRB), Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
| | - Steffen Jung
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology (IRB), Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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26
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Guffart E, Prinz M. Evolution of Microglia. ADVANCES IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2024; 37:39-51. [PMID: 39207685 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-55529-9_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Microglial cells are unique tissue-resident macrophages located in the parenchyma of the central nervous system (CNS). A recent comparative transcriptional study on microglia across more than 20 species from leach across chicken and many more up to humans revealed multiple conserved features. The results indicate the imperative role of microglia over the last 500 million years (Geirsdottir et al. Cell 181:746, 2020). Improved understanding of microglial evolution provides essential insights into conserved and divergent microglial pathways and will have implications for future development of microglia-based therapies to treat CNS disorders. Not only therapeutic approaches may be rethought, but also the understanding of sex specificity of the immune system within the CNS needs to be renewed. Besides revealing the highly detailed characteristics of microglia, the former paradigm of microglia being the only CNS-resident immune cells was outdated by the identification of CNS-associated macrophages (CAMs) as CNS interface residents, who, most likely, accompanied microglia in evolution over the past million years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Guffart
- Institute of Neuropathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Marco Prinz
- Institute of Neuropathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
- Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
- Center for Basics in NeuroModulation (NeuroModulBasics), Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
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27
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Sankowski R, Süß P, Benkendorff A, Böttcher C, Fernandez-Zapata C, Chhatbar C, Cahueau J, Monaco G, Gasull AD, Khavaran A, Grauvogel J, Scheiwe C, Shah MJ, Heiland DH, Schnell O, Markfeld-Erol F, Kunze M, Zeiser R, Priller J, Prinz M. Multiomic spatial landscape of innate immune cells at human central nervous system borders. Nat Med 2024; 30:186-198. [PMID: 38123840 PMCID: PMC10803260 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-023-02673-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
The innate immune compartment of the human central nervous system (CNS) is highly diverse and includes several immune-cell populations such as macrophages that are frequent in the brain parenchyma (microglia) and less numerous at the brain interfaces as CNS-associated macrophages (CAMs). Due to their scantiness and particular location, little is known about the presence of temporally and spatially restricted CAM subclasses during development, health and perturbation. Here we combined single-cell RNA sequencing, time-of-flight mass cytometry and single-cell spatial transcriptomics with fate mapping and advanced immunohistochemistry to comprehensively characterize the immune system at human CNS interfaces with over 356,000 analyzed transcriptomes from 102 individuals. We also provide a comprehensive analysis of resident and engrafted myeloid cells in the brains of 15 individuals with peripheral blood stem cell transplantation, revealing compartment-specific engraftment rates across different CNS interfaces. Integrated multiomic and high-resolution spatial transcriptome analysis of anatomically dissected glioblastoma samples shows regionally distinct myeloid cell-type distributions driven by hypoxia. Notably, the glioblastoma-associated hypoxia response was distinct from the physiological hypoxia response in fetal microglia and CAMs. Our results highlight myeloid diversity at the interfaces of the human CNS with the periphery and provide insights into the complexities of the human brain's immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Sankowski
- Institute of Neuropathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Patrick Süß
- Institute of Neuropathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Molecular Neurology, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Alexander Benkendorff
- Institute of Neuropathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Chotima Böttcher
- Neuropsychiatry Unit and Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin and DZNE, Berlin, Germany
| | - Camila Fernandez-Zapata
- Neuropsychiatry Unit and Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin and DZNE, Berlin, Germany
| | - Chintan Chhatbar
- Institute of Neuropathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jonathan Cahueau
- Institute of Neuropathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Gianni Monaco
- Institute of Neuropathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Gene Therapy, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Adrià Dalmau Gasull
- Institute of Neuropathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ashkan Khavaran
- Institute of Neuropathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Grauvogel
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christian Scheiwe
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Mukesch Johannes Shah
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Dieter Henrik Heiland
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Oliver Schnell
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Filiz Markfeld-Erol
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics, and Perinatology, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Mirjam Kunze
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics, and Perinatology, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Robert Zeiser
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Josef Priller
- Neuropsychiatry Unit and Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin and DZNE, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- University of Edinburgh and UK DRI, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Marco Prinz
- Institute of Neuropathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
- Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
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28
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Janssen P, De Pauw L, Mambretti M, Lara O, Walckiers J, Mackens L, Rooman I, Guillaume B, De Ridder M, Ates G, Massie A. Characterization of the long-term effects of lethal total body irradiation followed by bone marrow transplantation on the brain of C57BL/6 mice. Int J Radiat Biol 2023; 100:385-398. [PMID: 37976378 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2023.2283092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Total body irradiation (TBI) followed by bone marrow transplantation (BMT) is used in pre-clinical research to generate mouse chimeras that allow to study the function of a protein specifically on immune cells. Adverse consequences of irradiation on the juvenile body and brain are well described and include general fatigue, neuroinflammation, neurodegeneration and cognitive impairment. Yet, the long-term consequences of TBI/BMT performed on healthy adult mice have been poorly investigated. MATERIAL AND METHODS We developed a robust protocol to achieve near complete bone marrow replacement in mice using 2x550cGy TBI and evaluated the impact of the procedure on their general health, mood disturbances, memory, brain atrophy, neurogenesis, neuroinflammation and blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability 2 and/or 16 months post-BMT. RESULTS We found a persistent decrease in weight along with long-term impact on locomotion after TBI and BMT. Although the TBI/BMT procedure did not lead to anxiety- or depressive-like behavior 2- or 16-months post-BMT, long-term spatial memory of the irradiated mice was impaired. We also observed radiation-induced impaired neurogenesis and cortical microglia activation 2 months post-BMT. Moreover, higher levels of hippocampal IgG in aged BMT mice suggest an enhanced age-related increase in BBB permeability that could potentially contribute to the observed memory deficit. CONCLUSIONS Overall health of the mice did not seem to be majorly impacted by TBI followed by BMT during adulthood. Yet, TBI-induced alterations in the brain and behavior could lead to erroneous conclusions on the function of a protein on immune cells when comparing mouse chimeras with different genetic backgrounds that might display altered susceptibility to radiation-induced damage. Ultimately, the BMT model we here present could also be used to study the related long-term consequences of TBI and BMT seen in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Janssen
- Laboratory of Neuro-Aging & Viro-Immunotherapy, Center for Neurosciences (C4N), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
- Laboratory of Medical and Molecular Oncology, Oncology Research Centre (ORC), VUB, Brussels, Belgium
| | - L De Pauw
- Laboratory of Neuro-Aging & Viro-Immunotherapy, Center for Neurosciences (C4N), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - M Mambretti
- Laboratory of Medical and Molecular Oncology, Oncology Research Centre (ORC), VUB, Brussels, Belgium
| | - O Lara
- Laboratory of Neuro-Aging & Viro-Immunotherapy, Center for Neurosciences (C4N), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
- Laboratory of Medical and Molecular Oncology, Oncology Research Centre (ORC), VUB, Brussels, Belgium
| | - J Walckiers
- Laboratory of Neuro-Aging & Viro-Immunotherapy, Center for Neurosciences (C4N), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - L Mackens
- Laboratory of Neuro-Aging & Viro-Immunotherapy, Center for Neurosciences (C4N), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - I Rooman
- Laboratory of Medical and Molecular Oncology, Oncology Research Centre (ORC), VUB, Brussels, Belgium
| | - B Guillaume
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Brussels, Belgium
- de Duve Institute, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
- Centre hospitalier de Jolimont, Service de Biochimie Médicale, La Louvière, Belgium
| | - M De Ridder
- Department of Radiotherapy, UZ Brussel, VUB, Brussels, Belgium
| | - G Ates
- Laboratory of Neuro-Aging & Viro-Immunotherapy, Center for Neurosciences (C4N), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - A Massie
- Laboratory of Neuro-Aging & Viro-Immunotherapy, Center for Neurosciences (C4N), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
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29
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McKendrick JG, Jones GR, Elder SS, Watson E, T'Jonck W, Mercer E, Magalhaes MS, Rocchi C, Hegarty LM, Johnson AL, Schneider C, Becher B, Pridans C, Mabbott N, Liu Z, Ginhoux F, Bajenoff M, Gentek R, Bain CC, Emmerson E. CSF1R-dependent macrophages in the salivary gland are essential for epithelial regeneration after radiation-induced injury. Sci Immunol 2023; 8:eadd4374. [PMID: 37922341 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.add4374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/05/2023]
Abstract
The salivary glands often become damaged in individuals receiving radiotherapy for head and neck cancer, resulting in chronic dry mouth. This leads to detrimental effects on their health and quality of life, for which there is no regenerative therapy. Macrophages are the predominant immune cell in the salivary glands and are attractive therapeutic targets due to their unrivaled capacity to drive tissue repair. Yet, the nature and role of macrophages in salivary gland homeostasis and how they may contribute to tissue repair after injury are not well understood. Here, we show that at least two phenotypically and transcriptionally distinct CX3CR1+ macrophage populations are present in the adult salivary gland, which occupy anatomically distinct niches. CD11c+CD206-CD163- macrophages typically associate with gland epithelium, whereas CD11c-CD206+CD163+ macrophages associate with blood vessels and nerves. Using a suite of complementary fate mapping systems, we show that there are highly dynamic changes in the ontogeny and composition of salivary gland macrophages with age. Using an in vivo model of radiation-induced salivary gland injury combined with genetic or antibody-mediated depletion of macrophages, we demonstrate an essential role for macrophages in clearance of cells with DNA damage. Furthermore, we show that epithelial-associated macrophages are indispensable for effective tissue repair and gland function after radiation-induced injury, with their depletion resulting in reduced saliva production. Our data, therefore, provide a strong case for exploring the therapeutic potential of manipulating macrophages to promote tissue repair and thus minimize salivary gland dysfunction after radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- John G McKendrick
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, 4-5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, UK
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, 4-5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Gareth-Rhys Jones
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, 4-5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Sonia S Elder
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, 4-5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Erin Watson
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, 4-5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Wouter T'Jonck
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, 4-5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Ella Mercer
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, 4-5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Marlene S Magalhaes
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, 4-5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, UK
- Centre for Reproductive Health, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, 4-5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Cecilia Rocchi
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, 4-5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Lizi M Hegarty
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, 4-5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Amanda L Johnson
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, 4-5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, UK
| | | | - Burkhard Becher
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Clare Pridans
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, 4-5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Neil Mabbott
- Roslin Institute & Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Campus, Midlothian EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Zhaoyuan Liu
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Florent Ginhoux
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore 138648, Singapore
- Translational Immunology Institute, SingHealth Duke-NUS Academic Medical Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Marc Bajenoff
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Aix Marseille Université UM2, INSERM, U1104, CNRS UMR7280, Marseille 13288, France
| | - Rebecca Gentek
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, 4-5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, UK
- Centre for Reproductive Health, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, 4-5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Calum C Bain
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, 4-5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Elaine Emmerson
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, 4-5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, UK
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Irie T, Matsuda T, Hayashi Y, Matsuda-Ito K, Kamiya A, Masuda T, Prinz M, Isobe N, Kira JI, Nakashima K. Direct neuronal conversion of microglia/macrophages reinstates neurological function after stroke. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2307972120. [PMID: 37812721 PMCID: PMC10589698 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2307972120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Although generating new neurons in the ischemic injured brain would be an ideal approach to replenish the lost neurons for repairing the damage, the adult mammalian brain retains only limited neurogenic capability. Here, we show that direct conversion of microglia/macrophages into neurons in the brain has great potential as a therapeutic strategy for ischemic brain injury. After transient middle cerebral artery occlusion in adult mice, microglia/macrophages converge at the lesion core of the striatum, where neuronal loss is prominent. Targeted expression of a neurogenic transcription factor, NeuroD1, in microglia/macrophages in the injured striatum enables their conversion into induced neuronal cells that functionally integrate into the existing neuronal circuits. Furthermore, NeuroD1-mediated induced neuronal cell generation significantly improves neurological function in the mouse stroke model, and ablation of these cells abolishes the gained functional recovery. Our findings thus demonstrate that neuronal conversion contributes directly to functional recovery after stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Irie
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 812-8582Fukuoka, Japan
- Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 812-8582Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Taito Matsuda
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 812-8582Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Hayashi
- Department of Physiology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, 101-8310Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kanae Matsuda-Ito
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 812-8582Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Akihide Kamiya
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, Tokai University School of Medicine, 259-1193Isehara, Japan
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, 108-8639Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahiro Masuda
- Division of Molecular Neuroinflammation, Medical Research Center for High Depth Omics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, 812-8582Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Marco Prinz
- Institute of Neuropathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, D-79106Freiburg, Germany
- Signalling Research Centres Centre for Biological Signalling Studies and Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, D-79106Freiburg, Germany
| | - Noriko Isobe
- Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 812-8582Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Jun-ichi Kira
- Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 812-8582Fukuoka, Japan
- Translational Neuroscience Center, Graduate School of Medicine, and School of Pharmacy at Fukuoka, International University of Health and Welfare, 831-8501Okawa, Japan
- Department of Neurology, Brain and Nerve Center, Fukuoka Central Hospital, International University of Health and Welfare, 810-0022Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kinichi Nakashima
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 812-8582Fukuoka, Japan
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31
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Loeb AM, Pattwell SS, Meshinchi S, Bedalov A, Loeb KR. Donor bone marrow-derived macrophage engraftment into the central nervous system of patients following allogeneic transplantation. Blood Adv 2023; 7:5851-5859. [PMID: 37315172 PMCID: PMC10558597 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2023010409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is a well-known treatment for hematologic malignancies, wherein nascent stem cells provide regenerating marrow and immunotherapy against the tumor. The progeny of hematopoietic stem cells also populate a wide spectrum of tissues, including the brain, as bone marrow-derived macrophages similar to microglial cells. We developed a sensitive and novel combined immunohistochemistry (IHC) and XY fluorescence in situ hybridization assay to detect, quantify, and characterize donor cells in the cerebral cortices of 19 female patients who underwent allogeneic stem cell transplantation. We showed that the number of male donor cells ranged from 0.14% to 3.0% of the total cells or from 1.2% to 25% of microglial cells. Using tyramide-based fluorescent IHC, we found that at least 80% of the donor cells expressed the microglial marker ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule-1, consistent with bone marrow-derived macrophages. The percentage of donor cells was related to pretransplantation conditioning; donor cells from radiation-based myeloablative cases averaged 8.1% of microglial cells, whereas those from nonmyeloablative cases averaged only 1.3%. The number of donor cells in patients conditioned with busulfan- or treosulfan-based myeloablation was similar to that in total body irradiation-based conditioning; donor cells averaged 6.8% of the microglial cells. Notably, patients who received multiple transplantations and those with the longest posttransplantation survival had the highest level of donor engraftment, with donor cells averaging 16.3% of the microglial cells. Our work represents the largest study characterizing bone marrow-derived macrophages in patients after transplantation. The efficiency of engraftment observed in our study warrants future research on microglial replacement as a therapeutic option for disorders of the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Siobhan S. Pattwell
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
- Ben Towne Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Soheil Meshinchi
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Antonio Bedalov
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Keith R. Loeb
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
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Snoek L, Karampatsas K, Bijlsma MW, Henneke P, Jauneikaite E, Khan UB, Zadoks RN, Le Doare K. Meeting report: Towards better risk stratification, prevention and therapy of invasive GBS disease, ESPID research meeting May 2022. Vaccine 2023; 41:6137-6142. [PMID: 37699783 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
The European Society of Pediatric Infectious Diseases (ESPID) hosted the third Group B Streptococcus (GBS) Research Session in Athens on 11th May 2022, providing researchers and clinicians from around the world an opportunity to share and discuss recent advances in GBS pathophysiology, molecular and genetic epidemiology and how these new insights can help in improving prevention and control of early- and late-onset GBS disease. The meeting provided a state-of-the-art overview of the existing GBS prevention strategies and their limitations, and an opportunity to share the latest research findings. The first presentation provided an overview of current GBS prevention and treatment strategies. In the second presentation, the genomic and antimicrobial resistance profiles of invasive and colonizing GBS strains were presented. The third presentation explained the association of intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis (IAP) with the development of late-onset disease (LOD) and the interplay of host innate immunity and GBS. The fourth presentation evaluated the role of genomics in understanding horizontal GBS transmission. The fifth presentation focused on the zoonotic links for certain GBS lineages and the last presentation described the protective role of breastmilk. Talks were followed with interactive discussions and concluded with recommendations on what is needed to further GBS clinical research; these included: (i) the development of better risk stratification methods by combining GBS virulence factors, serological biomarkers and clinical risk factors; (ii) further studies on the interplay of perinatal antimicrobials, disturbances in the development of host immunity and late-onset GBS disease; (iii) routine submission of GBS isolates to reference laboratories to help in detecting potential clusters by using genomic sequencing; (iv) collaboration in animal and human GBS studies to detect and prevent the emergence of new pathogenic sequence types; and (v) harnessing the plethora of immune factors in the breastmilk to develop adjunct therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linde Snoek
- Department of Neurology, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Amsterdam Neuroscience, Neuroinfection and Inflammation, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
| | - Konstantinos Karampatsas
- Paediatric Infectious Diseases Research Group, Institute of Infection and Immunity, St. George's, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Merijn W Bijlsma
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Neuroinfection and Inflammation, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Department of Paediatrics, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Philipp Henneke
- Institute for Immunodeficiency, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), University Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg, Germany; Institute for Infection Prevention and Control, University Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Elita Jauneikaite
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare Associated Infections and Antimicrobial Resistance, Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Uzma B Khan
- Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom; Parasites and Microbes, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | - Ruth N Zadoks
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Kirsty Le Doare
- Paediatric Infectious Diseases Research Group, Institute of Infection and Immunity, St. George's, University of London, London, United Kingdom
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33
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Uekawa K, Hattori Y, Ahn SJ, Seo J, Casey N, Anfray A, Zhou P, Luo W, Anrather J, Park L, Iadecola C. Border-associated macrophages promote cerebral amyloid angiopathy and cognitive impairment through vascular oxidative stress. Mol Neurodegener 2023; 18:73. [PMID: 37789345 PMCID: PMC10548599 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-023-00660-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) is a devastating condition common in patients with Alzheimer's disease but also observed in the general population. Vascular oxidative stress and neurovascular dysfunction have been implicated in CAA but the cellular source of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and related signaling mechanisms remain unclear. We tested the hypothesis that brain border-associated macrophages (BAM), yolk sac-derived myeloid cells closely apposed to parenchymal and leptomeningeal blood vessels, are the source of radicals through the Aβ-binding innate immunity receptor CD36, leading to neurovascular dysfunction, CAA, and cognitive impairment. METHODS Tg2576 mice and WT littermates were transplanted with CD36-/- or CD36+/+ bone marrow at 12-month of age and tested at 15 months. This approach enables the repopulation of perivascular and leptomeningeal compartments with CD36-/- BAM. Neurovascular function was tested in anesthetized mice equipped with a cranial window in which cerebral blood flow was monitored by laser-Doppler flowmetry. Amyloid pathology and cognitive function were also examined. RESULTS The increase in blood flow evoked by whisker stimulation (functional hyperemia) or by endothelial and smooth muscle vasoactivity was markedly attenuated in WT → Tg2576 chimeras but was fully restored in CD36-/- → Tg2576 chimeras, in which BAM ROS production was suppressed. CAA-associated Aβ1-40, but not Aβ1-42, was reduced in CD36-/- → Tg2576 chimeras. Similarly, CAA, but not parenchymal plaques, was reduced in CD36-/- → Tg2576 chimeras. These beneficial vascular effects were associated with cognitive improvement. Finally, CD36-/- mice were able to more efficiently clear exogenous Aβ1-40 injected into the neocortex or the striatum. CONCLUSIONS CD36 deletion in BAM suppresses ROS production and rescues the neurovascular dysfunction and damage induced by Aβ. CD36 deletion in BAM also reduced brain Aβ1-40 and ameliorated CAA without affecting parenchyma plaques. Lack of CD36 enhanced the vascular clearance of exogenous Aβ. Restoration of neurovascular function and attenuation of CAA resulted in a near complete rescue of cognitive function. Collectively, these data implicate brain BAM in the pathogenesis of CAA and raise the possibility that targeting BAM CD36 is beneficial in CAA and other conditions associated with vascular Aβ deposition and damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken Uekawa
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Yorito Hattori
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Sung Ji Ahn
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - James Seo
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Nicole Casey
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Antoine Anfray
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Ping Zhou
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Wenjie Luo
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Josef Anrather
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Laibaik Park
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA.
| | - Costantino Iadecola
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA.
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Colella P, Sayana R, Suarez-Nieto MV, Sarno J, Nyame K, Xiong J, Vera LNP, Basurto JA, Corbo M, Limaye A, Davis KL, Abu-Remaileh M, Gomez-Ospina N. CNS Repopulation by Hematopoietic-Derived Microglia-Like Cells Corrects Progranulin deficiency. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-3263412. [PMID: 37790525 PMCID: PMC10543302 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3263412/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation can deliver therapeutic proteins to the CNS through donor-derived hematopoietic cells that become microglia-like cells. However, using standard conditioning approaches, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is currently limited by low and slow engraftment of microglia-like cells. We report an efficient conditioning regimen based on Busulfan and a six-day course of microglia depletion using the colony-stimulating factor receptor 1 inhibitor PLX3397. Combining Busulfan-myeloablation and transient microglia depletion results in robust, rapid, and persistent microglia replacement by bone marrow-derived microglia-like cells throughout the CNS. Adding PLX3397 does not affect neurobehavior or has adverse effects on hematopoietic reconstitution. Through single-cell RNA sequencing and high-dimensional CyTOF mass cytometry, we show that microglia-like cells are a heterogeneous population and describe six distinct subpopulations. Though most bone-marrow-derived microglia-like cells can be classified as homeostatic microglia, their gene signature is a hybrid of homeostatic/embryonic microglia and border associated-macrophages. Busulfan-myeloablation and transient microglia depletion induce specific cytokines in the brain, ultimately combining myeloid proliferative and chemo-attractive signals that act locally to repopulate microglia from outside the niche. Importantly, this conditioning approach demonstrates therapeutic efficacy in a mouse model of GRN deficiency. Transplanting wild-type bone marrow into Grn-/- mice conditioned with Busulfan plus PLX3397 results in high engraftment of microglia-like cells in the brain and retina, restoring GRN levels and normalizing lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasqualina Colella
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305
| | - Ruhi Sayana
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305
| | | | - Jolanda Sarno
- Hematology, Oncology, Stem Cell Transplant, and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305
| | - Kwamina Nyame
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Jian Xiong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | | | | | - Marco Corbo
- MedGenome, Inc, 348 Hatch Dr, Foster City, CA 94404
| | - Anay Limaye
- MedGenome, Inc, 348 Hatch Dr, Foster City, CA 94404
| | - Kara Lynn Davis
- Hematology, Oncology, Stem Cell Transplant, and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305
| | - Monther Abu-Remaileh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
- The Institute for Chemistry, Engineering and Medicine for Human Health (Sarafan ChEM-H), Stanford University, Stanford, USA
| | - Natalia Gomez-Ospina
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305
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35
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Iadecola C, Anfray A, Schaeffer S, Hattori Y, Santisteban M, Casey N, Wang G, Strickland M, Zhou P, Holtzman D, Anrather J, Park L. Cell autonomous role of border associated macrophages in ApoE4 neurovascular dysfunction and susceptibility to white matter injury. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-3222611. [PMID: 37577565 PMCID: PMC10418550 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3222611/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Apolipoprotein-E4 (ApoE4), the strongest genetic risk factor for sporadic Alzheimer's disease, is also a risk factor for microvascular pathologies leading to cognitive impairment, particularly subcortical white matter injury. These effects have been attributed to alterations in the regulation of the brain blood supply, but the cellular source of ApoE4 and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In mice expressing human ApoE3 or ApoE4 we report that border associated macrophages (BAM), myeloid cells closely apposed to neocortical microvessels, are both the source and the target of the ApoE4 mediating the neurovascular dysfunction through reactive oxygen species. ApoE4 in BAM is solely responsible for the increased susceptibility to oligemic white matter damage in ApoE4 mice and is sufficient to enhance damage in ApoE3 mice. The data unveil a new aspect of BAM pathobiology and highlight a previously unrecognized cell autonomous role of BAM in the neurovascular dysfunction of ApoE4 with potential therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Gang Wang
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute - Weill Cornell Medicine
| | | | | | | | | | - Laibaik Park
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
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36
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Yang X, Ji C, Qi Y, Huang J, Hu L, Zhou Y, Zou L, Xia Y, Tan F, Yao Y, Chen D. Signal-transducing adaptor protein 1 (STAP1) in microglia promotes the malignant progression of glioma. J Neurooncol 2023; 164:127-139. [PMID: 37462801 PMCID: PMC10462508 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-023-04390-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioma is the most malignant primary brain tumor with a poor survival time. The tumour microenvironment, especially glioma-associated microglia/macrophages (GAMs), plays an important role in the pathogenesis of glioma. Currently, microglia (CD11b+/CD45Low) and macrophages (CD11b+/CD45High) are distinguished as distinct cell types due to their different origins. Moreover, signal-transducing adaptor protein 1 (STAP1) plays a role in tumourigenesis and immune responses. However, to date, no studies have been reported on STAP1 in GAMs. METHODS The Cancer Genome Atlas and Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas databases were used to investigate the association between STAP1 mRNA levels and clinical parameters (grades, mutations in isocitrate dehydrogenase, and overall survival). RNA-sequencing, qRT-PCR, Western blotting, immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence analyses were performed to detect the expression level of STAP1 and related proteins. BV-2 cells were used to construct a STAP1-overexpressing cell line. Phagocytosis of BV-2 cells was assessed by flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy. C57BL/6 mice were used to establish orthotopic and subcutaneous glioma mouse models. Glioma growth was monitored by bioluminescence imaging. RESULTS STAP1 expression in glioma-associated microglia is positively correlated with the degree of malignancy and poor prognosis of glioma. Moreover, STAP1 may promote M2-like polarisation by increasing ARG1 expression and inhibiting microglial phagocytosis of microglia. Increased ARG1 may be associated with the IL-6/STAT3 pathway. Impaired phagocytosis may be associated with decreased cofilin and filopodia. CONCLUSION STAP1 is positively associated with the degree of glioma malignancy and may represent a potential novel therapeutic target for glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai, China
- Immunology Laboratory, Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunxia Ji
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai, China
- Immunology Laboratory, Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Qi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai, China
- Immunology Laboratory, Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianhan Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai, China
- Immunology Laboratory, Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, Shanghai, China
| | - Lang Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai, China
- Immunology Laboratory, Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai, China
- Immunology Laboratory, Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, Shanghai, China
| | - Liping Zou
- Department of Pathology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Xia
- Department of Pathology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Tan
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yu Yao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai, China.
- Immunology Laboratory, Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, Shanghai, China.
| | - Di Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai, China.
- Immunology Laboratory, Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, Shanghai, China.
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Yu C, Lad EM, Mathew R, Littleton S, Chen Y, Schlepckow K, Degan S, Chew L, Amason J, Kalnitsky J, Rickman CB, Proia AD, Colonna M, Haass C, Saban DR. Microglia at Sites of Atrophy Restrict the Progression of Retinal Degeneration via Galectin-3 and Trem2 Interactions. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.07.19.549403. [PMID: 37502831 PMCID: PMC10370087 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.19.549403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Degenerative diseases of the outer retina, including age-related macular degeneration (AMD), are characterized by atrophy of photoreceptors and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). In these blinding diseases, macrophages are known to accumulate ectopically at sites of atrophy, but their ontogeny and functional specialization within this atrophic niche remain poorly understood, especially in the human context. Here, we uncovered a transcriptionally unique profile of microglia, marked by galectin-3 upregulation, at atrophic sites in mouse models of retinal degeneration and in human AMD. Using disease models, we found that conditional deletion of galectin-3 in microglia led to defects in phagocytosis and consequent augmented photoreceptor death, RPE damage and vision loss, suggestive of a protective role. Mechanistically, Trem2 signaling orchestrated the migration of microglial cells to sites of atrophy, and there, induced galectin-3 expression. Moreover, pharmacologic Trem2 agonization led to heightened protection, but only in a galectin-3-dependent manner, further signifying the functional interdependence of these two molecules. Likewise in elderly human subjects, we identified a highly conserved population of microglia at the transcriptomic, protein and spatial levels, and this population was enriched in the macular region of postmortem AMD subjects. Collectively, our findings reveal an atrophy-associated specialization of microglia that restricts the progression of retinal degeneration in mice and further suggest that these protective microglia are conserved in AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Yu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University School of Medicine; Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Eleonora M Lad
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University School of Medicine; Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Rose Mathew
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University School of Medicine; Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Sejiro Littleton
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University School of Medicine; Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Immunology, Duke University; Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Yun Chen
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine; St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine; St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Kai Schlepckow
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich; 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Simone Degan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University School of Medicine; Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Lindsey Chew
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University School of Medicine; Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Joshua Amason
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University School of Medicine; Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Joan Kalnitsky
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University School of Medicine; Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Catherine Bowes Rickman
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University School of Medicine; Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University; Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Alan D Proia
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University School of Medicine; Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine; Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Pathology, Campbell University Jerry M. Wallace School of Osteopathic Medicine, Lillington, NC 27546, USA
| | - Marco Colonna
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine; St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Christian Haass
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich; 81377 Munich, Germany
- Chair of Metabolic Biochemistry, Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München; 81377 Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy); 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Daniel R Saban
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University School of Medicine; Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Immunology, Duke University; Durham, NC 27710, USA
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38
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Fixsen BR, Han CZ, Zhou Y, Spann NJ, Saisan P, Shen Z, Balak C, Sakai M, Cobo I, Holtman IR, Warden AS, Ramirez G, Collier JG, Pasillas MP, Yu M, Hu R, Li B, Belhocine S, Gosselin D, Coufal NG, Ren B, Glass CK. SALL1 enforces microglia-specific DNA binding and function of SMADs to establish microglia identity. Nat Immunol 2023; 24:1188-1199. [PMID: 37322178 PMCID: PMC10307637 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-023-01528-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Spalt-like transcription factor 1 (SALL1) is a critical regulator of organogenesis and microglia identity. Here we demonstrate that disruption of a conserved microglia-specific super-enhancer interacting with the Sall1 promoter results in complete and specific loss of Sall1 expression in microglia. By determining the genomic binding sites of SALL1 and leveraging Sall1 enhancer knockout mice, we provide evidence for functional interactions between SALL1 and SMAD4 required for microglia-specific gene expression. SMAD4 binds directly to the Sall1 super-enhancer and is required for Sall1 expression, consistent with an evolutionarily conserved requirement of the TGFβ and SMAD homologs Dpp and Mad for cell-specific expression of Spalt in the Drosophila wing. Unexpectedly, SALL1 in turn promotes binding and function of SMAD4 at microglia-specific enhancers while simultaneously suppressing binding of SMAD4 to enhancers of genes that become inappropriately activated in enhancer knockout microglia, thereby enforcing microglia-specific functions of the TGFβ-SMAD signaling axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bethany R Fixsen
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Claudia Z Han
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Yi Zhou
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Nathanael J Spann
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Payam Saisan
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Zeyang Shen
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Christopher Balak
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Mashito Sakai
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Isidoro Cobo
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Inge R Holtman
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, Section Molecular Neurobiology, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Anna S Warden
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - Jana G Collier
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Martina P Pasillas
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Miao Yu
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Rong Hu
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Sarah Belhocine
- Axe Neuroscience, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Quebec, Quebec, Canada
- Département de Médecine Moléculaire de la Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Quebec, Quebec, Canada
| | - David Gosselin
- Axe Neuroscience, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Quebec, Quebec, Canada
- Département de Médecine Moléculaire de la Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Quebec, Quebec, Canada
| | - Nicole G Coufal
- Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Bing Ren
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Christopher K Glass
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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39
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Lazarov T, Juarez-Carreño S, Cox N, Geissmann F. Physiology and diseases of tissue-resident macrophages. Nature 2023; 618:698-707. [PMID: 37344646 PMCID: PMC10649266 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06002-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 70.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
Embryo-derived tissue-resident macrophages are the first representatives of the haematopoietic lineage to emerge in metazoans. In mammals, resident macrophages originate from early yolk sac progenitors and are specified into tissue-specific subsets during organogenesis-establishing stable spatial and functional relationships with specialized tissue cells-and persist in adults. Resident macrophages are an integral part of tissues together with specialized cells: for instance, microglia reside with neurons in brain, osteoclasts reside with osteoblasts in bone, and fat-associated macrophages reside with white adipocytes in adipose tissue. This ancillary cell type, which is developmentally and functionally distinct from haematopoietic stem cell and monocyte-derived macrophages, senses and integrates local and systemic information to provide specialized tissue cells with the growth factors, nutrient recycling and waste removal that are critical for tissue growth, homeostasis and repair. Resident macrophages contribute to organogenesis, promote tissue regeneration following damage and contribute to tissue metabolism and defence against infectious disease. A correlate is that genetic or environment-driven resident macrophage dysfunction is a cause of degenerative, metabolic and possibly inflammatory and tumoural diseases. In this Review, we aim to provide a conceptual outline of our current understanding of macrophage physiology and its importance in human diseases, which may inform and serve the design of future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomi Lazarov
- Immunology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sergio Juarez-Carreño
- Immunology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nehemiah Cox
- Immunology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Frederic Geissmann
- Immunology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
- Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, NY, USA.
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40
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Andries L, Kancheva D, Masin L, Scheyltjens I, Van Hove H, De Vlaminck K, Bergmans S, Claes M, De Groef L, Moons L, Movahedi K. Immune stimulation recruits a subset of pro-regenerative macrophages to the retina that promotes axonal regrowth of injured neurons. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2023; 11:85. [PMID: 37226256 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-023-01580-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The multifaceted nature of neuroinflammation is highlighted by its ability to both aggravate and promote neuronal health. While in mammals retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) are unable to regenerate following injury, acute inflammation can induce axonal regrowth. However, the nature of the cells, cellular states and signalling pathways that drive this inflammation-induced regeneration have remained elusive. Here, we investigated the functional significance of macrophages during RGC de- and regeneration, by characterizing the inflammatory cascade evoked by optic nerve crush (ONC) injury, with or without local inflammatory stimulation in the vitreous. By combining single-cell RNA sequencing and fate mapping approaches, we elucidated the response of retinal microglia and recruited monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) to RGC injury. Importantly, inflammatory stimulation recruited large numbers of MDMs to the retina, which exhibited long-term engraftment and promoted axonal regrowth. Ligand-receptor analysis highlighted a subset of recruited macrophages that exhibited expression of pro-regenerative secreted factors, which were able to promote axon regrowth via paracrine signalling. Our work reveals how inflammation may promote CNS regeneration by modulating innate immune responses, providing a rationale for macrophage-centred strategies for driving neuronal repair following injury and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lien Andries
- Neural Circuit Development and Regeneration Research Group, Animal Physiology and Neurobiology Division, Department of Biology, Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Naamsestraat 61, Box 2464, 3000, Louvain, Belgium
| | - Daliya Kancheva
- Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090, Brussels, Belgium
- Myeloid Cell Immunology Lab, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Luca Masin
- Neural Circuit Development and Regeneration Research Group, Animal Physiology and Neurobiology Division, Department of Biology, Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Naamsestraat 61, Box 2464, 3000, Louvain, Belgium
| | - Isabelle Scheyltjens
- Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090, Brussels, Belgium
- Myeloid Cell Immunology Lab, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Hannah Van Hove
- Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090, Brussels, Belgium
- Myeloid Cell Immunology Lab, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Karen De Vlaminck
- Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090, Brussels, Belgium
- Myeloid Cell Immunology Lab, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Steven Bergmans
- Neural Circuit Development and Regeneration Research Group, Animal Physiology and Neurobiology Division, Department of Biology, Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Naamsestraat 61, Box 2464, 3000, Louvain, Belgium
| | - Marie Claes
- Neural Circuit Development and Regeneration Research Group, Animal Physiology and Neurobiology Division, Department of Biology, Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Naamsestraat 61, Box 2464, 3000, Louvain, Belgium
| | - Lies De Groef
- Neural Circuit Development and Regeneration Research Group, Animal Physiology and Neurobiology Division, Department of Biology, Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Naamsestraat 61, Box 2464, 3000, Louvain, Belgium
- Cellular Communication and Neurodegeneration Research Group, Animal Physiology and Neurobiology Division, Department of Biology, Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, 3000, Louvain, Belgium
| | - Lieve Moons
- Neural Circuit Development and Regeneration Research Group, Animal Physiology and Neurobiology Division, Department of Biology, Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Naamsestraat 61, Box 2464, 3000, Louvain, Belgium.
| | - Kiavash Movahedi
- Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090, Brussels, Belgium.
- Myeloid Cell Immunology Lab, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Brussels, Belgium.
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41
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Dermitzakis I, Theotokis P, Evangelidis P, Delilampou E, Evangelidis N, Chatzisavvidou A, Avramidou E, Manthou ME. CNS Border-Associated Macrophages: Ontogeny and Potential Implication in Disease. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:4285-4300. [PMID: 37232741 PMCID: PMC10217436 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45050272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Being immune privileged, the central nervous system (CNS) is constituted by unique parenchymal and non-parenchymal tissue-resident macrophages, namely, microglia and border-associated macrophages (BAMs), respectively. BAMs are found in the choroid plexus, meningeal and perivascular spaces, playing critical roles in maintaining CNS homeostasis while being phenotypically and functionally distinct from microglial cells. Although the ontogeny of microglia has been largely determined, BAMs need comparable scrutiny as they have been recently discovered and have not been thoroughly explored. Newly developed techniques have transformed our understanding of BAMs, revealing their cellular heterogeneity and diversity. Recent data showed that BAMs also originate from yolk sac progenitors instead of bone marrow-derived monocytes, highlighting the absolute need to further investigate their repopulation pattern in adult CNS. Shedding light on the molecular cues and drivers orchestrating BAM generation is essential for delineating their cellular identity. BAMs are receiving more attention since they are gradually incorporated into neurodegenerative and neuroinflammatory disease evaluations. The present review provides insights towards the current understanding regarding the ontogeny of BAMs and their involvement in CNS diseases, paving their way into targeted therapeutic strategies and precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Maria Eleni Manthou
- Department of Histology-Embryology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (I.D.); (P.T.); (P.E.); (E.D.); (N.E.); (A.C.); (E.A.)
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42
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Brioschi S, Belk JA, Peng V, Molgora M, Rodrigues PF, Nguyen KM, Wang S, Du S, Wang WL, Grajales-Reyes GE, Ponce JM, Yuede CM, Li Q, Baer JM, DeNardo DG, Gilfillan S, Cella M, Satpathy AT, Colonna M. A Cre-deleter specific for embryo-derived brain macrophages reveals distinct features of microglia and border macrophages. Immunity 2023; 56:1027-1045.e8. [PMID: 36791722 PMCID: PMC10175109 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2023.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Genetic tools to target microglia specifically and efficiently from the early stages of embryonic development are lacking. We generated a constitutive Cre line controlled by the microglia signature gene Crybb1 that produced nearly complete recombination in embryonic brain macrophages (microglia and border-associated macrophages [BAMs]) by the perinatal period, with limited recombination in peripheral myeloid cells. Using this tool in combination with Flt3-Cre lineage tracer, single-cell RNA-sequencing analysis, and confocal imaging, we resolved embryonic-derived versus monocyte-derived BAMs in the mouse cortex. Deletion of the transcription factor SMAD4 in microglia and embryonic-derived BAMs using Crybb1-Cre caused a developmental arrest of microglia, which instead acquired a BAM specification signature. By contrast, the development of genuine BAMs remained unaffected. Our results reveal that SMAD4 drives a transcriptional and epigenetic program that is indispensable for the commitment of brain macrophages to the microglia fate and highlight Crybb1-Cre as a tool for targeting embryonic brain macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Brioschi
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, MO, USA.
| | - Julia A Belk
- Department of Computer Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Gladstone-UCSF Institute of Genomic Immunology, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Vincent Peng
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Martina Molgora
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Patrick Fernandes Rodrigues
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Khai M Nguyen
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Shoutang Wang
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Siling Du
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Wei-Le Wang
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Gary E Grajales-Reyes
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jennifer M Ponce
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Carla M Yuede
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Qingyun Li
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, MO, USA; Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - John M Baer
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - David G DeNardo
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, MO, USA; Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, MO, USA; Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Susan Gilfillan
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Marina Cella
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Ansuman T Satpathy
- Gladstone-UCSF Institute of Genomic Immunology, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Marco Colonna
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, MO, USA.
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43
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Chen H, Peng H, Wang PC, Zou T, Feng XM, Wan BW. Role of regulatory T cells in spinal cord injury. Eur J Med Res 2023; 28:163. [PMID: 37161548 PMCID: PMC10169350 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-023-01122-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury is an intricate process involving a series of multi-temporal and multi-component pathological events, among which inflammatory response is the core. Thus, it is crucial to find a way to prevent the damaging effects of the inflammatory response. The research has found that Treg cells can suppress the activation, proliferation, and effector functions of many parenchymal cells by multiple mechanisms. This review discusses how Treg cells regulate the inflammatory cells to promote spinal cord recovery. These parenchymal cells include macrophages/microglia, oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, and others. In addition, we discuss the adverse role of Treg cells, the status of treatment, and the prospects of cell-based therapies after spinal cord injury. In conclusion, this review provides an overview of the regulatory role of Treg cells in spinal cord injury. We hope to offer new insights into the treatment of spinal cord injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Chen
- Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou University/Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225000, China
| | - Hao Peng
- Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou University/Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225000, China
| | - Ping-Chuan Wang
- Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou University/Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225000, China
| | - Tao Zou
- Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou University/Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225000, China
| | - Xin-Min Feng
- Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou University/Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225000, China
| | - Bo-Wen Wan
- Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou University/Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225000, China.
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44
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Temple S. Advancing cell therapy for neurodegenerative diseases. Cell Stem Cell 2023; 30:512-529. [PMID: 37084729 PMCID: PMC10201979 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2023.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
Abstract
Cell-based therapies are being developed for various neurodegenerative diseases that affect the central nervous system (CNS). Concomitantly, the roles of individual cell types in neurodegenerative pathology are being uncovered by genetic and single-cell studies. With a greater understanding of cellular contributions to health and disease and with the arrival of promising approaches to modulate them, effective therapeutic cell products are now emerging. This review examines how the ability to generate diverse CNS cell types from stem cells, along with a deeper understanding of cell-type-specific functions and pathology, is advancing preclinical development of cell products for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally Temple
- Neural Stem Cell Institute, Rensselaer, NY 12144, USA.
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45
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Dorion MF, Yaqubi M, Murdoch HJ, Hall JA, Dudley R, Antel JP, Durcan TM, Healy LM. Systematic comparison of culture media uncovers phenotypic shift of primary human microglia defined by reduced reliance to CSF1R signaling. Glia 2023; 71:1278-1293. [PMID: 36680780 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Efforts to understand microglia function in health and diseases have been hindered by the lack of culture models that recapitulate in situ cellular properties. In recent years, the use of serum-free media with brain-derived growth factors (colony stimulating factor 1 receptor [CSF1R] ligands and TGF-β1/2) have been favored for the maintenance of rodent microglia as they promote morphological features observed in situ. Here we study the functional and transcriptomic impacts of such media on human microglia (hMGL). Media formulation had little impact on microglia transcriptome assessed by RNA sequencing which was sufficient to significantly alter microglia capacity to phagocytose myelin debris and to elicit an inflammatory response to lipopolysaccharide. When compared to immediately ex vivo microglia from the same donors, the addition of fetal bovine serum to culture media, but not growth factors, was found to aid in the maintenance of key signature genes including those involved in phagocytic processes. A phenotypic shift characterized by CSF1R downregulation in culture correlated with a lack of reliance on CSF1R signaling for survival. Consequently, no improvement in cell survival was observed following culture supplementation with CSF1R ligands. Our study provides better understanding of hMGL in culture, with observations that diverge from those previously made in rodent microglia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-France Dorion
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Québec, Canada
| | - Moein Yaqubi
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Québec, Canada
| | - Hunter J Murdoch
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Québec, Canada
| | - Jeffery A Hall
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Québec, Canada
| | - Roy Dudley
- Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Montreal Children's Hospital, Montreal, Canada
| | - Jack P Antel
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Québec, Canada
| | - Thomas Martin Durcan
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Québec, Canada
| | - Luke Michael Healy
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Québec, Canada
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46
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Luo H, Zhang H, Mao J, Cao H, Tao Y, Zhao G, Zhang Z, Zhang N, Liu Z, Zhang J, Luo P, Xia Y, Cheng Y, Xie Z, Cheng Q, Liu G. Exosome-based nanoimmunotherapy targeting TAMs, a promising strategy for glioma. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:235. [PMID: 37012233 PMCID: PMC10070666 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-05753-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes, the cell-derived small extracellular vehicles, play a vital role in intracellular communication by reciprocally transporting DNA, RNA, bioactive protein, chains of glucose, and metabolites. With great potential to be developed as targeted drug carriers, cancer vaccines and noninvasive biomarkers for diagnosis, treatment response evaluation, prognosis prediction, exosomes show extensive advantages of relatively high drug loading capacity, adjustable therapeutic agents release, enhanced permeation and retention effect, striking biodegradability, excellent biocompatibility, low toxicity, etc. With the rapid progression of basic exosome research, exosome-based therapeutics are gaining increasing attention in recent years. Glioma, the standard primary central nervous system (CNS) tumor, is still up against significant challenges as current traditional therapies of surgery resection combined with radiotherapy and chemotherapy and numerous efforts into new drugs showed little clinical curative effect. The emerging immunotherapy strategy presents convincing results in many tumors and is driving researchers to exert its potential in glioma. As the crucial component of the glioma microenvironment, tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) significantly contribute to the immunosuppressive microenvironment and strongly influence glioma progression via various signaling molecules, simultaneously providing new insight into therapeutic strategies. Exosomes would substantially assist the TAMs-centered treatment as drug delivery vehicles and liquid biopsy biomarkers. Here we review the current potential exosome-mediated immunotherapeutics targeting TAMs in glioma and conclude the recent investigation on the fundamental mechanisms of diversiform molecular signaling events by TAMs that promote glioma progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Luo
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jinning Mao
- Health management center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hui Cao
- Brain Hospital of Hunan Province, The Second People's Hospital of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
- The School of Clinical Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Yihao Tao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Guanjian Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhiwen Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zaoqu Liu
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peng Luo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yuguo Xia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yuan Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zongyi Xie
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Quan Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
| | - Guodong Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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47
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Garcia-Epelboim A, Christian KM. Modeling neuro-immune interactions using human pluripotent stem cells. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2023; 79:102672. [PMID: 36634408 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2022.102672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cells can be differentiated into cell types that are representative of the central nervous system. Under specific culture conditions, these cells can be induced to self-organize into 3D organoids that are reminiscent of the developing brain. Microglia are the resident immune cells of the brain but are derived from a different lineage than neural cells, which presents a challenge to modeling neuroimmune interactions. Although human microglia-like cells can be differentiated from pluripotent stem cells, important considerations include ensuring the identity of microglia, which can be influenced by both the lineage and the local environment, and developing culture methods that promote the integration and survival of diverse cell types in a physiologically relevant model. Recently, several strategies to generate neural organoids with integrated microglia have been demonstrated and provide new opportunities to interrogate interactions among microglia and neurons during development and in response to injury and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Garcia-Epelboim
- Mahoney Institute for Neurosciences, Department of Neuroscience, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kimberly M Christian
- Mahoney Institute for Neurosciences, Department of Neuroscience, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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48
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Benhar I, Ding J, Yan W, Whitney IE, Jacobi A, Sud M, Burgin G, Shekhar K, Tran NM, Wang C, He Z, Sanes JR, Regev A. Temporal single-cell atlas of non-neuronal retinal cells reveals dynamic, coordinated multicellular responses to central nervous system injury. Nat Immunol 2023; 24:700-713. [PMID: 36807640 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-023-01437-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
Non-neuronal cells are key to the complex cellular interplay that follows central nervous system insult. To understand this interplay, we generated a single-cell atlas of immune, glial and retinal pigment epithelial cells from adult mouse retina before and at multiple time points after axonal transection. We identified rare subsets in naive retina, including interferon (IFN)-response glia and border-associated macrophages, and delineated injury-induced changes in cell composition, expression programs and interactions. Computational analysis charted a three-phase multicellular inflammatory cascade after injury. In the early phase, retinal macroglia and microglia were reactivated, providing chemotactic signals concurrent with infiltration of CCR2+ monocytes from the circulation. These cells differentiated into macrophages in the intermediate phase, while an IFN-response program, likely driven by microglia-derived type I IFN, was activated across resident glia. The late phase indicated inflammatory resolution. Our findings provide a framework to decipher cellular circuitry, spatial relationships and molecular interactions following tissue injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inbal Benhar
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Department of Systems Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
| | - Jiarui Ding
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Computer Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Wenjun Yan
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Irene E Whitney
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Anne Jacobi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Malika Sud
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Grace Burgin
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Karthik Shekhar
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Nicholas M Tran
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Chen Wang
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Zhigang He
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joshua R Sanes
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Aviv Regev
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA.
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49
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Dermitzakis I, Manthou ME, Meditskou S, Tremblay MÈ, Petratos S, Zoupi L, Boziki M, Kesidou E, Simeonidou C, Theotokis P. Origin and Emergence of Microglia in the CNS-An Interesting (Hi)story of an Eccentric Cell. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:2609-2628. [PMID: 36975541 PMCID: PMC10047736 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45030171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Microglia belong to tissue-resident macrophages of the central nervous system (CNS), representing the primary innate immune cells. This cell type constitutes ~7% of non-neuronal cells in the mammalian brain and has a variety of biological roles integral to homeostasis and pathophysiology from the late embryonic to adult brain. Its unique identity that distinguishes its "glial" features from tissue-resident macrophages resides in the fact that once entering the CNS, it is perennially exposed to a unique environment following the formation of the blood-brain barrier. Additionally, tissue-resident macrophage progenies derive from various peripheral sites that exhibit hematopoietic potential, and this has resulted in interpretation issues surrounding their origin. Intensive research endeavors have intended to track microglial progenitors during development and disease. The current review provides a corpus of recent evidence in an attempt to disentangle the birthplace of microglia from the progenitor state and underlies the molecular elements that drive microgliogenesis. Furthermore, it caters towards tracking the lineage spatiotemporally during embryonic development and outlining microglial repopulation in the mature CNS. This collection of data can potentially shed light on the therapeutic potential of microglia for CNS perturbations across various levels of severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iasonas Dermitzakis
- Department of Histology-Embryology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Maria Eleni Manthou
- Department of Histology-Embryology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Soultana Meditskou
- Department of Histology-Embryology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Marie-Ève Tremblay
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Steven Petratos
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Lida Zoupi
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences & Simons Initiative for the Developing Brain, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, UK
| | - Marina Boziki
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology and Neuroimmunology, Second Department of Neurology, AHEPA University Hospital, 54621 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Evangelia Kesidou
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology and Neuroimmunology, Second Department of Neurology, AHEPA University Hospital, 54621 Thessaloniki, Greece
- Laboratory of Experimental Physiology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Constantina Simeonidou
- Laboratory of Experimental Physiology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Paschalis Theotokis
- Department of Histology-Embryology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology and Neuroimmunology, Second Department of Neurology, AHEPA University Hospital, 54621 Thessaloniki, Greece
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50
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Masuda T. Recent topics regarding macrophage in the central nervous system. J Biochem 2023; 173:139-143. [PMID: 36346133 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvac093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The central nervous system (CNS) is a highly complex collection of neurons with a variety of stromal cells, such as glia cells, immune cells, vascular cells and fibroblasts. Microglia are a resident macrophage and a type of glial cells located in the parenchyma of the CNS and play a pivotal role in the maintenance of tissue homeostasis. They are early responders to the abnormality of the CNS, leading to the adaptation of their phenotypes by virtue of their plasticity, after which they give an impact on neuronal functions. Besides microglia, there are anatomically and phenotypically distinct macrophage populations at the border of the CNS, such as meninge, perivascular space and choroid plexus, where they show distinct morphology and gene expression profiles when compared with microglia. This review will summarize the recent advance in our knowledge regarding their heterogeneity, plasticity, ontogenetic relationship of these CNS-resident macrophage populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Masuda
- Department of Molecular and System Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 812-8582 Fukuoka, Japan
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