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Cheng F, Li W, Li J, Ji Z, Hu W, Zhao M, Yu D, Zhang L, Yuan P, Simayijiang H, Yan J. Circadian metabolites for evaluating the timing of bloodstain deposition: A preliminary study. Forensic Sci Int 2024; 361:112102. [PMID: 38889602 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2024.112102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Metabolites, as products of cellular metabolism, can provide a wealth of biological information and are less susceptible to degradation than other biomarkers due to their low molecular weight. Due to these properties, metabolites can be used as valuable biomarkers for forensic investigations. Knowing the timing of deposition of bloodstain could help to reconstruct crime scenes, draw conclusions about the time of the crime, and narrow down the circle of possible suspects. Previous studies have indicated that the concentration of some metabolites in blood is subject to circadian changes. However, the circadian metabolites of bloodstains have been still unclear. A total of sixty-four bloodstain samples were prepared under real conditions in three time categories (morning/noon (09:00 h ∼ 17:00 h), afternoon/evening (18:00 h ∼ 23:00 h) and night/early morning (24:00 h ∼ 08:00 h)). Fifty metabolites of bloodstains with significant differences were identified in the three time categories. Twenty-eight of these metabolites exhibited significant circadian changes. Finally, three independently contributing circadian metabolites were selected to build the logistic regression model, with an area under the curve of 0.91, 0.84 and 0.87 for the prediction of bloodstain deposition time in the morning/noon, afternoon/evening and night/early morning, respectively. The study indicated that circadian metabolites can be used for evaluating the timing of bloodstain deposition. This would provide a valuable perspective for analyzing the deposition time of biological traces in forensic investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Cheng
- School of Forensic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, PR China; Shanxi Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, PR China
| | - Wanting Li
- School of Forensic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, PR China; Shanxi Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, PR China
| | - Junli Li
- School of Forensic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, PR China; Shanxi Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, PR China
| | - Zhimin Ji
- School of Forensic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, PR China; Shanxi Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, PR China
| | - Wenjing Hu
- School of Forensic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, PR China; Shanxi Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, PR China
| | - Mengyang Zhao
- School of Forensic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, PR China; Shanxi Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, PR China
| | - Daijing Yu
- School of Forensic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, PR China; Shanxi Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, PR China
| | - Liwei Zhang
- School of Forensic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, PR China; Shanxi Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, PR China
| | - Piao Yuan
- School of Forensic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, PR China; Shanxi Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, PR China
| | - Halimureti Simayijiang
- School of Forensic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, PR China; Shanxi Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, PR China.
| | - Jiangwei Yan
- School of Forensic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, PR China; Shanxi Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, PR China.
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2
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Peng F, Lu J, Su K, Liu X, Luo H, He B, Wang C, Zhang X, An F, Lv D, Luo Y, Su Q, Jiang T, Deng Z, He B, Xu L, Guo T, Xiang J, Gu C, Wang L, Xu G, Xu Y, Li M, Kelley KW, Cui B, Liu Q. Oncogenic fatty acid oxidation senses circadian disruption in sleep-deficiency-enhanced tumorigenesis. Cell Metab 2024:S1550-4131(24)00138-4. [PMID: 38772364 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2024.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
Circadian disruption predicts poor cancer prognosis, yet how circadian disruption is sensed in sleep-deficiency (SD)-enhanced tumorigenesis remains obscure. Here, we show fatty acid oxidation (FAO) as a circadian sensor relaying from clock disruption to oncogenic metabolic signal in SD-enhanced lung tumorigenesis. Both unbiased transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses reveal that FAO senses SD-induced circadian disruption, as illustrated by continuously increased palmitoyl-coenzyme A (PA-CoA) catalyzed by long-chain fatty acyl-CoA synthetase 1 (ACSL1). Mechanistically, SD-dysregulated CLOCK hypertransactivates ACSL1 to produce PA-CoA, which facilitates CLOCK-Cys194 S-palmitoylation in a ZDHHC5-dependent manner. This positive transcription-palmitoylation feedback loop prevents ubiquitin-proteasomal degradation of CLOCK, causing FAO-sensed circadian disruption to maintain SD-enhanced cancer stemness. Intriguingly, timed β-endorphin resets rhythmic Clock and Acsl1 expression to alleviate SD-enhanced tumorigenesis. Sleep quality and serum β-endorphin are negatively associated with both cancer development and CLOCK/ACSL1 expression in patients with cancer, suggesting dawn-supplemented β-endorphin as a potential chronotherapeutic strategy for SD-related cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Peng
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Jinxin Lu
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Keyu Su
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Psychobehavioral Cancer Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xinyu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, National Chromatographic R&A Center, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Huandong Luo
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Bin He
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Cenxin Wang
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Fan An
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Dekang Lv
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Yuanyuan Luo
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China; Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, National Chromatographic R&A Center, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Qitong Su
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Tonghui Jiang
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Ziqian Deng
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Bin He
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Psychobehavioral Cancer Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Lingzhi Xu
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Tao Guo
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Jin Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Psychobehavioral Cancer Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Chundong Gu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Ling Wang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Guowang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, National Chromatographic R&A Center, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Ying Xu
- Cambridge-Soochow University Genomic Resource Center, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mindian Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Center for Circadian Metabolism and Cardiovascular Disease, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Keith W Kelley
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine and Department of Animal Sciences, College of ACES, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Bai Cui
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Psychobehavioral Cancer Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Quentin Liu
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Psychobehavioral Cancer Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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Ma H, Deng J, Liu J, Jin X, Yang J. Daytime aspartame intake results in larger influences on body weight, serum corticosterone level, serum/cerebral cytokines levels and depressive-like behaviors in mice than nighttime intake. Neurotoxicology 2024; 102:37-47. [PMID: 38499183 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2024.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Revised: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Aspartame (APM) is one of the most widely used artificial sweeteners worldwide. Studies have revealed that consuming APM may negatively affect the body, causing oxidative stress damage to multiple organs and leading to various neurophysiological symptoms. However, it's still unclear if consuming APM and one's daily biological rhythm have an interactive effect on health. In this study, healthy adult C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into four groups: Control group (CON), oral gavage sham group (OGS), daytime APM intragastric group (DAI) and nighttime APM intragastric group (NAI). DAI and NAI groups were given 80 mg/kg body weight daily for 4 weeks. We found that DAI and NAI groups had significantly increased mean body weight, higher serum corticosterone levels, up-regulated pro-inflammatory responses in serum and brain, and exacerbated depressive-like behaviors than the CON and the two APM intake groups. Moreover, all these changes induced by APM intake were more significant in the DAI group than in the NAI group. The present study, for the first time, revealed that the intake of APM and daily biological rhythm have an interactive effect on health. This suggests that more attention should be paid to the timing of APM intake in human beings, and this study also provides an intriguing clue to the circadian rhythms of experimental animals that researchers should consider more when conducting animal experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyuan Ma
- School of Clinical Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jiapeng Deng
- School of Clinical Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiaobao Jin
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Junhua Yang
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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Rovira-Llopis S, Luna-Marco C, Perea-Galera L, Bañuls C, Morillas C, Victor VM. Circadian alignment of food intake and glycaemic control by time-restricted eating: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2024; 25:325-337. [PMID: 37993559 PMCID: PMC10943166 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-023-09853-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Daily rhythms of metabolic function are supported by molecular circadian clock systems that are strongly regulated by feeding and fasting. Intermittent fasting diets have been associated with weight loss and improved metabolism. However, the effects of time-restricted eating (TRE) on glycemic parameters are still under debate. In this review, we aim to systematically analyze the effects of TRE on glycemic parameters. We searched on PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library for controlled studies in which subjects followed TRE for at least 4 weeks. 20 studies were included in the qualitative systematic review, and 18 studies (n = 1169 subjects) were included in the meta-analysis. Overall, TRE had no significant effect on fasting glucose (Hedges's g = -0.08; 95% CI:-0.31,0.16; p = 0.52), but it did reduce HbA1c levels (Hedges's g = -0.27; 95% CI: -0.47, -0.06; p = 0.01). TRE significantly reduced fasting insulin (Hedges's g = -0.40; 95% CI: -0.73,-0.08; p = 0.01) and showed a tendency to decrease HOMA-IR (Hedges's g = -0.32; 95% CI:-0.66,0.02; p = 0.06). Interestingly, a cumulative analysis showed that the beneficial effects of TRE regarding glucose levels were less apparent as studies with later TRE windows (lTRE) were being included. Indeed, a subgroup analysis of the early TRE (eTRE) studies revealed that fasting glucose was significantly reduced by eTRE (Hedges's g = -0.38; 95% CI:-0.62, -0.14; p < 0.01). Our meta-analysis suggests that TRE can reduce HbA1c and insulin levels, and that timing of food intake is a crucial factor in the metabolic benefit of TRE, as only eTRE is capable of reducing fasting glucose levels in subjects with overweight or obesity.PROSPERO registration number CRD42023405946.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Rovira-Llopis
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Facultad de Medicina y Odontologia, Universidad de Valencia - INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, Valencia, Spain.
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain.
| | - Clara Luna-Marco
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain
| | - Laura Perea-Galera
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain
| | - Celia Bañuls
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain
| | - Carlos Morillas
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain
| | - Victor M Victor
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Facultad de Medicina y Odontologia, Universidad de Valencia - INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, Valencia, Spain.
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain.
- CIBERehd - Department of Pharmacology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
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5
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Fu M, Lu S, Gong L, Zhou Y, Wei F, Duan Z, Xiang R, Gonzalez FJ, Li G. Intermittent fasting shifts the diurnal transcriptome atlas of transcription factors. Mol Cell Biochem 2024:10.1007/s11010-024-04928-y. [PMID: 38528297 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-024-04928-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Intermittent fasting remains a safe and effective strategy to ameliorate various age-related diseases, but its specific mechanisms are not fully understood. Considering that transcription factors (TFs) determine the response to environmental signals, here, we profiled the diurnal expression of 600 samples across four metabolic tissues sampled every 4 over 24 h from mice placed on five different feeding regimens to provide an atlas of TFs in biological space, time, and feeding regimen. Results showed that 1218 TFs exhibited tissue-specific and temporal expression profiles in ad libitum mice, of which 974 displayed significant oscillations at least in one tissue. Intermittent fasting triggered more than 90% (1161 in 1234) of TFs to oscillate somewhere in the body and repartitioned their tissue-specific expression. A single round of fasting generally promoted TF expression, especially in skeletal muscle and adipose tissues, while intermittent fasting mainly suppressed TF expression. Intermittent fasting down-regulated aging pathway and upregulated the pathway responsible for the inhibition of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). Intermittent fasting shifts the diurnal transcriptome atlas of TFs, and mTOR inhibition may orchestrate intermittent fasting-induced health improvements. This atlas offers a reference and resource to understand how TFs and intermittent fasting may contribute to diurnal rhythm oscillation and bring about specific health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Fu
- Department of Neurology, The Fourth Hospital of Changsha, Affiliated Changsha Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410006, Hunan, China
| | - Siyu Lu
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Model Animal and Stem Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, Hunan, China
- Center for Aging Biomedicine, National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, Hunan, China
| | - Lijun Gong
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Model Animal and Stem Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, Hunan, China
- Center for Aging Biomedicine, National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, Hunan, China
| | - Yiming Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Model Animal and Stem Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, Hunan, China
- Center for Aging Biomedicine, National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, Hunan, China
| | - Fang Wei
- Department of Neurology, The Fourth Hospital of Changsha, Affiliated Changsha Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410006, Hunan, China.
- Center for Aging Biomedicine, National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, Hunan, China.
| | - Zhigui Duan
- Center for Aging Biomedicine, National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, Hunan, China
| | - Rong Xiang
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 41001, Hunan, China
| | - Frank J Gonzalez
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Guolin Li
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Model Animal and Stem Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, Hunan, China.
- Center for Aging Biomedicine, National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, Hunan, China.
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Yu L, Xue H, Li Z. Exercise alters molecular rhythms in the central nervous system that negatively correlate with depression-like behavior. Neuroreport 2024; 35:233-241. [PMID: 38251445 DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000001994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) ranks among the top 10 leading causes of death. However, exercise is known to improve depressive symptoms but the mechanism responsible is still unknown. To date, numerous studies have shown that molecular rhythms and exercise are associated with MDD. Thus, we hypothesized that exercise could affect the expression of central nervous system clock genes to improve depressive symptoms. Ninety adult male Sprague-Dawley rats (250 g) were divided into a control Normal Group, an unpredictable chronic mild stress (CMS) treated CMS Group and an Exercise Group, which was intervened by a moderate-intensity exercise training on a treadmill at 2 p.m. every day for 4 weeks after CMS treatment. The open field test, elevated plus maze and forced swim test were employed to test mood-related behaviors. The telemetry recording method recorded voluntary locomotor activity and core body temperature. Expression of core clock genes in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) was tested by qRT-PCR. Compared with the CMS Group, depressive symptoms were improved in the Exercise Group ( P < 0.05). Moreover, the periodic changes of molecular rhythms in the Exercise Group were close to those of rats in Normal Group. Next, exercise increased oscillations of expression of core clock genes in SCN after CMS treatment, and the amplitudes of core clock gene expression oscillations were negatively correlated with depressive-like behavior. Our findings suggested that exercise could change the expressions of central clock genes in MDD animals, and this effect was positively correlated with the improvement of depressive symptoms by exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Yu
- Institute of Physical Education, Jiangsu Second Normal University, Nanjing, China
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Rastogi S, Verma N, Raghuwanshi GS, Atam V, Kumar Verma D. The Impact of Time-Restricted Meal Intake on Glycemic Control and Weight Management in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients: An 18-Month Longitudinal Study. Cureus 2024; 16:e53680. [PMID: 38455801 PMCID: PMC10918388 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.53680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
AIMS This study aimed to investigate the impact of time-restricted meal intake (TRM) on anthropometric and biochemical parameters in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). METHODS A total of 400 patients diagnosed with T2DM were selected from the Endocrinology Department at King George's Medical University (KGMU), Lucknow, based on the American Diabetes Association (ADA) guidelines and specific criteria. A total of 127 patients were lost to follow-up, resulting in 273 patients who completed the study. The patients were randomly assigned to two groups: the TRM group (consenting to have an early dinner at 7 pm) and the control group (non-TRM/late-night eater group). Baseline data were recorded, and follow-up assessments were conducted at six months, 12 months, and 18 months. Informed consent was obtained, and a diet chart was regularly maintained and updated. RESULTS The TRM group experienced a significant weight loss of 3.88 kg (5.45%) and a substantial reduction in BMI by 1.5 units (5.26%). In contrast, the non-TRM/control group had smaller reductions in weight (1.36 kg, 1.77%) and BMI (0.5 units, 1.65%). TRM group showed significant reductions in fasting blood sugar levels by 33.9 mg/dl (21.17%), postprandial blood sugar levels by 94.6 mg/dl (38.88%), and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels by 1.37 (15.87%). These improvements were significantly greater than the reductions observed in the control group, which had decreases of 29.3 mg/dl (17.85%) in fasting blood sugar levels, 41.6 mg/dl (16.84%) in postprandial blood sugar levels, and 0.59 (6.89%) in HbA1c levels. CONCLUSION Our findings underscore the potential of TRM as an effective strategy for weight management and glycemic control in patients with T2DM, even in a long-term context. These results support time-restricted eating as a sustainable lifestyle modification for managing chronic metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smriti Rastogi
- Physiology, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, IND
| | - Narsingh Verma
- Physiology, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, IND
| | - Gourav S Raghuwanshi
- Physiology, People's College of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Bhopal, IND
| | - Virendra Atam
- Internal Medicine, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, IND
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Dawson MA, Cheung SN, La Frano MR, Nagpal R, Berryman CE. Early time-restricted eating improves markers of cardiometabolic health but has no impact on intestinal nutrient absorption in healthy adults. Cell Rep Med 2024; 5:101363. [PMID: 38232698 PMCID: PMC10829793 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2023.101363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Early time-restricted eating (eTRE) improves aspects of cardiometabolic health. Although the circadian system appears to regulate nutrient absorption, little is known about the effects of eTRE on intestinal absorption. In this randomized crossover trial, 16 healthy adults follow a controlled, weight maintenance diet for 9 days, consuming all calories between 0800 and 1400 (eTRE schedule) or 0800 and 2000 (control schedule). We measure the energy content of the diet, stool, and urine with bomb calorimetry and calculate intestinal energy absorption. The eTRE schedule is more effective than the control eating schedule for improving markers of cardiometabolic health, including 24-h mean glucose concentrations and glycemic variability, assessed as the mean amplitude of glycemic excursions. However, eTRE has no effect on intestinal energy and macronutrient absorption, gastrointestinal transit time, colonic hydrogen gas production, or stool microbial composition, suggesting eTRE does not impact gastrointestinal function. This trial is registered (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04877262).
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Affiliation(s)
- M Alan Dawson
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA; Military Nutrition Division, US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA 01760, USA
| | - Susan N Cheung
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA; Military Nutrition Division, US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA 01760, USA; Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Belcamp, MD 21017, USA
| | - Michael R La Frano
- Food Science and Nutrition Department, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407, USA; Cal Poly Metabolomics Service Center, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407, USA; Carver Metabolomics Core, Roy J. Carver Biotechnology Center, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Ravinder Nagpal
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Claire E Berryman
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA; Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA.
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9
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Guo Y, Livelo C, Melkani G. Time-restricted feeding regulates lipid metabolism under metabolic challenges. Bioessays 2023; 45:e2300157. [PMID: 37850554 PMCID: PMC10841423 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202300157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
Dysregulation of lipid metabolism is a commonly observed feature associated with metabolic syndrome and leads to the development of negative health outcomes such as obesity, diabetes mellitus, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, or atherosclerosis. Time-restricted feeding/eating (TRF/TRE), an emerging dietary intervention, has been shown to promote pleiotropic health benefits including the alteration of diurnal expression of genes associated with lipid metabolism, as well as levels of lipid species. Although TRF likely induces a response in multiple organs leading to the modulation of lipid metabolism, a majority of the studies related to TRF effects on lipids have focused only on individual tissues, and furthermore there is a lack of insight into potential underlying mechanisms. In this review, we summarize the current insights regarding TRF effects on lipid metabolism and the potential mechanisms in adipose tissue, liver, skeletal muscle, and heart, and conclude by outlining possible avenues for future exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Guo
- Department of Pathology, Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Christopher Livelo
- Department of Pathology, Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Girish Melkani
- Department of Pathology, Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
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10
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Shi D, Fang G, Chen Q, Li J, Ruan X, Lian X. Six-hour time-restricted feeding inhibits lung cancer progression and reshapes circadian metabolism. BMC Med 2023; 21:417. [PMID: 37924048 PMCID: PMC10625271 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-023-03131-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accumulating evidence has suggested an oncogenic effect of diurnal disruption on cancer progression. To test whether targeting circadian rhythm by dietary strategy suppressed lung cancer progression, we adopted 6-h time-restricted feeding (TRF) paradigm to elucidate whether and how TRF impacts lung cancer progression. METHODS This study used multiple lung cancer cell lines, two xenograft mouse models, and a chemical-treated mouse lung cancer model. Stable TIM-knockdown and TIM-overexpressing A549 cells were constructed. Cancer behaviors in vitro were determined by colony formation, EdU proliferation, wound healing, transwell migration, flow cytometer, and CCK8 assays. Immunofluorescence, pathology examinations, and targeted metabolomics were also used in tumor cells and tissues. mCherry-GFP-LC3 plasmid was used to detect autophagic flux. RESULTS We found for the first time that compared to normal ad libitum feeding, 6-h TRF inhibited lung cancer progression and reprogrammed the rhythms of metabolites or genes involved in glycolysis and the circadian rhythm in tumors. After TRF intervention, only timeless (TIM) gene among five lung cancer-associated clock genes was found to consistently align rhythm of tumor cells to that of tumor tissues. Further, we demonstrated that the anti-tumor effect upon TRF was partially mediated by the rhythmic downregulation of the TIM and the subsequent activation of autophagy. Combining TRF with TIM inhibition further enhanced the anti-tumor effect, comparable to treatment efficacy of chemotherapy in xenograft model. CONCLUSIONS Six-hour TRF inhibits lung cancer progression and reshapes circadian metabolism, which is partially mediated by the rhythmic downregulation of the TIM and the subsequent upregulation of autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Shi
- Center for Lipid Research, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, P.R. China.
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, P.R. China.
- Research Center for Environment and Population Health, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, P. R. China.
- Nutrition Innovation Platform-Sichuan and Chongqing, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Gaofeng Fang
- Center for Lipid Research, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, P.R. China
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, P.R. China
| | - Qianyao Chen
- Center for Lipid Research, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, P.R. China
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, P.R. China
| | - Jianling Li
- Center for Lipid Research, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, P.R. China
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, P.R. China
| | - Xiongzhong Ruan
- Center for Lipid Research, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, P.R. China.
| | - Xuemei Lian
- Center for Lipid Research, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, P.R. China.
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, P.R. China.
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11
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Fang G, Wang S, Chen Q, Luo H, Lian X, Shi D. Time-restricted feeding affects the fecal microbiome metabolome and its diurnal oscillations in lung cancer mice. Neoplasia 2023; 45:100943. [PMID: 37852131 PMCID: PMC10590998 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2023.100943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
The homeostasis of the gut microbiota and circadian rhythm is critical to host health, and both are inextricably intertwined with lung cancer. Although time-restricted feeding (TRF) can maintain circadian synchronization and improve metabolic disorders, the effects of TRF on the fecal microbiome, metabolome and their diurnal oscillations in lung cancer have not been discussed. We performed 16S rRNA sequencing and untargeted metabonomic sequencing of the feces prepared from models of tumor-bearing BALB/c nude mice and urethane-induced lung cancer. We demonstrated for the first time that TRF significantly delayed the growth of lung tumors. Moreover, TRF altered the abundances of the fecal microbiome, metabolome and circadian clocks, as well as their rhythmicity, in lung cancer models of tumor-bearing BALB/c nude mice and/or urethane-induced lung cancer C57BL/6J mice. The results of fecal microbiota transplantation proved that the antitumor effects of TRF occur by regulating the fecal microbiota. Notably, Lactobacillus and Bacillus were increased upon TRF and were correlated with most differential metabolites. Pathway enrichment analysis of metabolites revealed that TRF mainly affected immune and inflammatory processes, which might further explain how TRF exerted its anticancer benefits. These findings underscore the possibility that the fecal microbiome/metabolome regulates lung cancer following a TRF paradigm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaofeng Fang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China; Center for Lipid Research, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Shengquan Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China; Center for Lipid Research, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Qianyao Chen
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China; Center for Lipid Research, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Han Luo
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China; Center for Lipid Research, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Xuemei Lian
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China; Center for Lipid Research, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China.
| | - Dan Shi
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China; Center for Lipid Research, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China.
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12
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Zakharova AN, Milovanova KG, Orlova AA, Dyakova EY, Kalinnikova JG, Kollantay OV, Shuvalov IY, Chibalin AV, Kapilevich LV. Effects of Treadmill Running at Different Light Cycles in Mice with Metabolic Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15132. [PMID: 37894813 PMCID: PMC10606442 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus accounts for about 90% of cases of diabetes and is considered one of the most important problems of our time. Despite a significant number of studies on glucose metabolism, the molecular mechanisms of its regulation in health and disease remain insufficiently studied. That is why non-drug treatment of metabolic disorders is of great relevance, including physical activity. Metabolic changes under the influence of physical activity are very complex and are still difficult to understand. This study aims to deepen the understanding of the effect of physical exercise on metabolic changes in mice with diabetes mellitus. We studied the effect of forced treadmill running on body weight and metabolic parameters in mice with metabolic disorders. We developed a high-fat-diet-induced diabetic model of metabolic disorders. We exposed mice to forced treadmill running for 4 weeks. We determined glucose and insulin levels in the blood plasma biochemically and analyzed Glut-4 and citrate synthase in M. gastrocnemius muscle tissue using Western blotting. The research results show that daily treadmill running has different effects on different age groups of mice with metabolic disorders. In young-age animals, forced running has a more pronounced effect on body weight. At week 12, young obese mice had a 17% decrease in body weight. Body weight did not change in old mice. Moreover, at weeks 14 and 16, the decrease in body weight was more significant in the young mice (by 17%) compared to the old mice (by 6%) (p < 0.05). In older animals, it influences the rate of glucose uptake. At 60 min, the blood glucose in the exercised older mice decreased to 14.46 mmol/L, while the glucose concentration in the non-exercised group remained at 17 mmol/L. By 120 min, in mice subjected to exercise, the blood glucose approached the initial value (6.92 mmol/L) and amounted to 8.35 mmol/L. In the non-exercised group, this difference was 45%. The effects of physical activity depend on the time of day. The greater effect is observed when performing shift training or exercise during the time when animals are passive (light phase). In young mice, light phase training had a significant effect on increasing the content of Glut-4 in muscle tissue (84.3 ± 11.3%, p < 0.05 with control group-59.3 ± 7.8%). In aged mice, shift training caused an increase in the level of Glut-4 in muscle tissue (71.3 ± 4.1%, p < 0.05 with control group-56.4 ± 10,9%). In the group of aged mice, a lower CS level was noticed in all groups in comparison with young mice. It should also be noted that we observed that CS increased during exercise in the group of young mice, especially during light phase training. The CS content in the light phase subgroup (135.8 ± 7.0%) was higher than in the dark phase subgroup (113.3 ± 7.7%) (p = 0.0006). The CS decreased in aged chow-fed mice and increased in the high-fat-fed group. The CS content in the chow diet group (58.2 ± 5.0%) was 38% lower than in the HFD group (94.9 ± 8.8%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Nikolaevna Zakharova
- Department of Sport Tourism, Sport Physiology and Medicine, National Research Tomsk State University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia; (K.G.M.); (A.A.O.); (E.Y.D.); (J.G.K.); (O.V.K.); (I.Y.S.); (A.V.C.); (L.V.K.)
| | - Kseniya Gennadievna Milovanova
- Department of Sport Tourism, Sport Physiology and Medicine, National Research Tomsk State University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia; (K.G.M.); (A.A.O.); (E.Y.D.); (J.G.K.); (O.V.K.); (I.Y.S.); (A.V.C.); (L.V.K.)
| | - Anna Alekseevna Orlova
- Department of Sport Tourism, Sport Physiology and Medicine, National Research Tomsk State University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia; (K.G.M.); (A.A.O.); (E.Y.D.); (J.G.K.); (O.V.K.); (I.Y.S.); (A.V.C.); (L.V.K.)
| | - Elena Yuryevna Dyakova
- Department of Sport Tourism, Sport Physiology and Medicine, National Research Tomsk State University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia; (K.G.M.); (A.A.O.); (E.Y.D.); (J.G.K.); (O.V.K.); (I.Y.S.); (A.V.C.); (L.V.K.)
| | - Julia Gennadievna Kalinnikova
- Department of Sport Tourism, Sport Physiology and Medicine, National Research Tomsk State University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia; (K.G.M.); (A.A.O.); (E.Y.D.); (J.G.K.); (O.V.K.); (I.Y.S.); (A.V.C.); (L.V.K.)
| | - Olesya Vadimovna Kollantay
- Department of Sport Tourism, Sport Physiology and Medicine, National Research Tomsk State University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia; (K.G.M.); (A.A.O.); (E.Y.D.); (J.G.K.); (O.V.K.); (I.Y.S.); (A.V.C.); (L.V.K.)
| | - Igor Yurievich Shuvalov
- Department of Sport Tourism, Sport Physiology and Medicine, National Research Tomsk State University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia; (K.G.M.); (A.A.O.); (E.Y.D.); (J.G.K.); (O.V.K.); (I.Y.S.); (A.V.C.); (L.V.K.)
| | - Alexander Valerievich Chibalin
- Department of Sport Tourism, Sport Physiology and Medicine, National Research Tomsk State University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia; (K.G.M.); (A.A.O.); (E.Y.D.); (J.G.K.); (O.V.K.); (I.Y.S.); (A.V.C.); (L.V.K.)
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Section of Integrative Physiology, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Leonid Vladimirovich Kapilevich
- Department of Sport Tourism, Sport Physiology and Medicine, National Research Tomsk State University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia; (K.G.M.); (A.A.O.); (E.Y.D.); (J.G.K.); (O.V.K.); (I.Y.S.); (A.V.C.); (L.V.K.)
- Central Research Laboratory, Siberian State Medical University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
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13
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Chambers L, Seidler K, Barrow M. Circadian misalignment in obesity: The role for time-restricted feeding. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2023; 57:430-447. [PMID: 37739690 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2023.07.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The epidemic of obesity is associated with a substantial, complex and escalating burden of disease. Dietary and lifestyle interventions provide the mainstay of management; however, obesity is multifactorial and challenging to address clinically. Disrupted circadian behaviours, including late eating, are associated with obesity. Time-restricted feeding (TRF), the confinement of calorie intake to a temporal 'eating window', has received growing interest as a weight-loss intervention. Benefits are purported to arise from the fasting period and strengthened circadian metabolism. However, the current evidence-base for TRF is small-scale, limited, and there has been little evaluation of circadian schedule. This research aims to enable evidence-based conclusions regarding circadian-aligned TRF as a weight-loss intervention in obesity. METHODS A systematic three-tranche search strategy was conducted within PubMed. Included studies were critically evaluated. Search tranches scoped: interventional evidence for TRF; evidence linking meal timing, obesity and metabolic function; and evidence linking circadian function, obesity, and dysmetabolism. Results were summarised in a narrative analysis. RESULTS A total of 30 studies were included. From small-scale and short-term evidence, TRF was consistently associated with improved weight, glycaemic and anthropometric outcomes versus baseline or control. Good adherence and safety, and consistency of results between studies, were notable. Earlier ('circadian-aligned') eating was associated with greater diet-induced thermogenesis, and improved weight loss and glycaemic outcomes. Limited evidence suggested meaningful correlations between circadian clock function and obesity/metabolic risk. CONCLUSIONS Circadian-aligned TRF may present a promising intervention for weight loss and metabolic benefits in obese/overweight individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia Chambers
- CNELM (Centre for Nutrition Education and Lifestyle Management), 14 Rectory Road, Wokingham, RG40 1DH, UK.
| | - Karin Seidler
- CNELM (Centre for Nutrition Education and Lifestyle Management), 14 Rectory Road, Wokingham, RG40 1DH, UK.
| | - Michelle Barrow
- CNELM (Centre for Nutrition Education and Lifestyle Management), 14 Rectory Road, Wokingham, RG40 1DH, UK.
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14
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Amatobi KM, Ozbek-Unal AG, Schäbler S, Deppisch P, Helfrich-Förster C, Mueller MJ, Wegener C, Fekete A. The circadian clock is required for rhythmic lipid transport in Drosophila in interaction with diet and photic condition. J Lipid Res 2023; 64:100417. [PMID: 37481037 PMCID: PMC10550813 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2023.100417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Modern lifestyle is often at odds with endogenously driven rhythmicity, which can lead to circadian disruption and metabolic syndrome. One signature for circadian disruption is a reduced or altered metabolite cycling in the circulating tissue reflecting the current metabolic status. Drosophila is a well-established model in chronobiology, but day-time dependent variations of transport metabolites in the fly circulation are poorly characterized. Here, we sampled fly hemolymph throughout the day and analyzed diacylglycerols (DGs), phosphoethanolamines (PEs) and phosphocholines (PCs) using LC-MS. In wild-type flies kept on sugar-only medium under a light-dark cycle, all transport lipid species showed a synchronized bimodal oscillation pattern with maxima at the beginning and end of the light phase which were impaired in period01 clock mutants. In wild-type flies under constant dark conditions, the oscillation became monophasic with a maximum in the middle of the subjective day. In strong support of clock-driven oscillations, levels of the targeted lipids peaked once in the middle of the light phase under time-restricted feeding independent of the time of food intake. When wild-type flies were reared on full standard medium, the rhythmic alterations of hemolymph lipid levels were greatly attenuated. Our data suggest that the circadian clock aligns daily oscillations of DGs, PEs, and PCs in the hemolymph to the anabolic siesta phase, with a strong influence of light on phase and modality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelechi M Amatobi
- Biocenter, Julius-von-Sachs-Institute, Pharmaceutical Biology, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; Biocenter, Theodor-Boveri-Institute, Würzburg Insect Research (WIR), Neurobiology and Genetics, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ayten Gizem Ozbek-Unal
- Biocenter, Julius-von-Sachs-Institute, Pharmaceutical Biology, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Schäbler
- Biocenter, Julius-von-Sachs-Institute, Pharmaceutical Biology, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Peter Deppisch
- Biocenter, Theodor-Boveri-Institute, Würzburg Insect Research (WIR), Neurobiology and Genetics, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Charlotte Helfrich-Förster
- Biocenter, Theodor-Boveri-Institute, Würzburg Insect Research (WIR), Neurobiology and Genetics, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Martin J Mueller
- Biocenter, Julius-von-Sachs-Institute, Pharmaceutical Biology, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Christian Wegener
- Biocenter, Theodor-Boveri-Institute, Würzburg Insect Research (WIR), Neurobiology and Genetics, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Agnes Fekete
- Biocenter, Julius-von-Sachs-Institute, Pharmaceutical Biology, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
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15
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Guan L, Liu R. The Role of Diet and Gut Microbiota Interactions in Metabolic Homeostasis. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2023; 7:e2300100. [PMID: 37142556 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202300100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Diet is a pivotal determinant in shaping the structure and function of resident microorganisms in the gut through different food components, nutritive proportion, and calories. The effects of diet on host metabolism and physiology can be mediated through the gut microbiota. Gut microbiota-derived metabolites have been shown to regulate glucose and lipid metabolism, energy consumption, and the immune system. On the other hand, emerging evidence indicates that baseline gut microbiota could predict the efficacy of diet intervention, highlighting gut microbiota can be harnessed as a biomarker in personalized nutrition. In this review, the alterations of gut microbiota in different dietary components and dietary patterns, and the potential mechanisms in the diet-microbiota crosstalk are summarized to understand the interactions of diet and gut microbiota on the impact of metabolic homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizhi Guan
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Disease, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the P. R. China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Ruixin Liu
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Disease, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the P. R. China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
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16
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Zong W, Seney ML, Ketchesin KD, Gorczyca MT, Liu AC, Esser KA, Tseng GC, McClung CA, Huo Z. Experimental design and power calculation in omics circadian rhythmicity detection using the cosinor model. Stat Med 2023; 42:3236-3258. [PMID: 37265194 PMCID: PMC10425922 DOI: 10.1002/sim.9803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Circadian clocks are 24-h endogenous oscillators in physiological and behavioral processes. Though recent transcriptomic studies have been successful in revealing the circadian rhythmicity in gene expression, the power calculation for omics circadian analysis have not been fully explored. In this paper, we develop a statistical method, namely CircaPower, to perform power calculation for circadian pattern detection. Our theoretical framework is determined by three key factors in circadian gene detection: sample size, intrinsic effect size and sampling design. Via simulations, we systematically investigate the impact of these key factors on circadian power calculation. We not only demonstrate that CircaPower is fast and accurate, but also show its underlying cosinor model is robust against variety of violations of model assumptions. In real applications, we demonstrate the performance of CircaPower using mouse pan-tissue data and human post-mortem brain data, and illustrate how to perform circadian power calculation using mouse skeleton muscle RNA-Seq pilot as case study. Our method CircaPower has been implemented in an R package, which is made publicly available on GitHub ( https://github.com/circaPower/circaPower).
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zong
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Marianne L. Seney
- Translational Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychiatry, Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Kyle D. Ketchesin
- Translational Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychiatry, Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Michael T. Gorczyca
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Andrew C. Liu
- Department of Physiology and Aging, University of Florida, FL, USA
| | - Karyn A. Esser
- Department of Physiology and Aging, University of Florida, FL, USA
| | - George C. Tseng
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Colleen A. McClung
- Translational Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychiatry, Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Zhiguang Huo
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Florida, FL, USA
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17
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Marjot T, Tomlinson JW, Hodson L, Ray DW. Timing of energy intake and the therapeutic potential of intermittent fasting and time-restricted eating in NAFLD. Gut 2023; 72:1607-1619. [PMID: 37286229 PMCID: PMC10359613 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2023-329998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) represents a major public health concern and is associated with a substantial global burden of liver-related and cardiovascular-related morbidity and mortality. High total energy intake coupled with unhealthy consumption of ultra-processed foods and saturated fats have long been regarded as major dietary drivers of NAFLD. However, there is an accumulating body of evidence demonstrating that the timing of energy intake across a the day is also an important determinant of individual risk for NAFLD and associated metabolic conditions. This review summarises the available observational and epidemiological data describing associations between eating patterns and metabolic disease, including the negative effects of irregular meal patterns, skipping breakfast and night-time eating on liver health. We suggest that that these harmful behaviours deserve greater consideration in the risk stratification and management of patients with NAFLD particularly in a 24-hour society with continuous availability of food and with up to 20% of the population now engaged in shiftwork with mistimed eating patterns. We also draw on studies reporting the liver-specific impact of Ramadan, which represents a unique real-world opportunity to explore the physiological impact of fasting. By highlighting data from preclinical and pilot human studies, we present a further biological rationale for manipulating timing of energy intake to improve metabolic health and discuss how this may be mediated through restoration of natural circadian rhythms. Lastly, we comprehensively review the landscape of human trials of intermittent fasting and time-restricted eating in metabolic disease and offer a look to the future about how these dietary strategies may benefit patients with NAFLD and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Marjot
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes Endocrinology and Metabolism, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford Liver Unit, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Jeremy W Tomlinson
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes Endocrinology and Metabolism, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Leanne Hodson
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes Endocrinology and Metabolism, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - David W Ray
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes Endocrinology and Metabolism, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Sir Jules Thorn Sleep and Circadian Neuroscience Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Petrenko V, Sinturel F, Riezman H, Dibner C. Lipid metabolism around the body clocks. Prog Lipid Res 2023; 91:101235. [PMID: 37187314 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2023.101235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Lipids play important roles in energy metabolism along with diverse aspects of biological membrane structure, signaling and other functions. Perturbations of lipid metabolism are responsible for the development of various pathologies comprising metabolic syndrome, obesity, and type 2 diabetes. Accumulating evidence suggests that circadian oscillators, operative in most cells of our body, coordinate temporal aspects of lipid homeostasis. In this review we summarize current knowledge on the circadian regulation of lipid digestion, absorption, transportation, biosynthesis, catabolism, and storage. Specifically, we focus on the molecular interactions between functional clockwork and biosynthetic pathways of major lipid classes comprising cholesterol, fatty acids, triacylglycerols, glycerophospholipids, glycosphingolipids, and sphingomyelins. A growing body of epidemiological studies associate a socially imposed circadian misalignment common in modern society with growing incidence of metabolic disorders, however the disruption of lipid metabolism rhythms in this connection has only been recently revealed. Here, we highlight recent studies that unravel the mechanistic link between intracellular molecular clocks, lipid homeostasis and development of metabolic diseases based on animal models of clock disruption and on innovative translational studies in humans. We also discuss the perspectives of manipulating circadian oscillators as a potentially powerful approach for preventing and managing metabolic disorders in human patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Volodymyr Petrenko
- Thoracic and Endocrine Surgery Division, Department of Surgery, University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva 1211, Switzerland; Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva 1211, Switzerland; Diabetes Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva 1211, Switzerland; Institute of Genetics and Genomics in Geneva (iGE3), Geneva 1211, Switzerland
| | - Flore Sinturel
- Thoracic and Endocrine Surgery Division, Department of Surgery, University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva 1211, Switzerland; Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva 1211, Switzerland; Diabetes Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva 1211, Switzerland; Institute of Genetics and Genomics in Geneva (iGE3), Geneva 1211, Switzerland
| | - Howard Riezman
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, NCCR Chemical Biology, University of Geneva, Geneva 1211, Switzerland
| | - Charna Dibner
- Thoracic and Endocrine Surgery Division, Department of Surgery, University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva 1211, Switzerland; Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva 1211, Switzerland; Diabetes Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva 1211, Switzerland; Institute of Genetics and Genomics in Geneva (iGE3), Geneva 1211, Switzerland.
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19
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Xin H, Huang R, Zhou M, Chen J, Zhang J, Zhou T, Ji S, Liu X, Tian H, Lam SM, Bao X, Li L, Tong S, Deng F, Shui G, Zhang Z, Wong CCL, Li MD. Daytime-restricted feeding enhances running endurance without prior exercise in mice. Nat Metab 2023; 5:1236-1251. [PMID: 37365376 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-023-00826-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Physical endurance and energy conservation are essential for survival in the wild. However, it remains unknown whether and how meal timing regulates physical endurance and muscle diurnal rhythms. Here, we show that day/sleep time-restricted feeding (DRF) enhances running endurance by 100% throughout the circadian cycle in both male and female mice, compared to either ad libitum feeding or night/wake time-restricted feeding. Ablation of the circadian clock in the whole body or the muscle abolished the exercise regulatory effect of DRF. Multi-omics analysis revealed that DRF robustly entrains diurnal rhythms of a mitochondrial oxidative metabolism-centric network, compared to night/wake time-restricted feeding. Remarkably, muscle-specific knockdown of the myocyte lipid droplet protein perilipin-5 completely mimics DRF in enhancing endurance, enhancing oxidative bioenergetics and outputting rhythmicity to circulating energy substrates, including acylcarnitine. Together, our work identifies a potent dietary regimen to enhance running endurance without prior exercise, as well as providing a multi-omics atlas of muscle circadian biology regulated by meal timing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Xin
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Center for Circadian Metabolism and Cardiovascular Disease, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Rongfeng Huang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Center for Circadian Metabolism and Cardiovascular Disease, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Meiyu Zhou
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Center for Circadian Metabolism and Cardiovascular Disease, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jianghui Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Center for Circadian Metabolism and Cardiovascular Disease, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Cardiology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jianxin Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Center for Circadian Metabolism and Cardiovascular Disease, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tingting Zhou
- Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Shushen Ji
- Department of Bioinformatics, GFK Biotech, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao Liu
- Department of Bioinformatics, GFK Biotech, Shanghai, China
| | - He Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Sin Man Lam
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- LipidALL Technologies, Changzhou, China
| | - Xinyu Bao
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Center for Circadian Metabolism and Cardiovascular Disease, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lihua Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Center for Circadian Metabolism and Cardiovascular Disease, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shifei Tong
- Department of Cardiology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Fang Deng
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of High Altitude Military Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Guanghou Shui
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhihui Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Center for Circadian Metabolism and Cardiovascular Disease, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Catherine C L Wong
- Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
- Tsinghua University-Peking University Joint Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
| | - Min-Dian Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Center for Circadian Metabolism and Cardiovascular Disease, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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Wang H, Li Q, Xu R, Su Y, Zhu W. Time-restricted feeding affects colonic nutrient substrates and modulates the diurnal fluctuation of microbiota in pigs. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1162482. [PMID: 37275162 PMCID: PMC10235616 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1162482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Studies demonstrate that time-restricted feeding (TRF) can regulate gut microbiota composition. However, it is unclear whether TRF could affect the gut microbial rhythmicity in growing pigs. Therefore, the present study aimed to explore the effects of TRF on the dynamic fluctuation of the gut microbiota. Methods A total of 10 healthy growing pigs equipped with T cannula were employed. Pigs were randomly allotted to the free access (FA) and the TRF groups with 5 replicates (1 pig/replicates). Pigs in the FA group were fed free access during the whole experimental period, whereas pigs in the TRF group were fed free access three times per day within limited times (7:00-8:00, 12:00-13:00, 17:00-18:00). The experiment lasted for 15 days, at 06:00 a.m. of the day 16, colonic digesta were collected at a 6-h interval for consecutive 24 h marked as T06 (06:00), T12 (12:00), T18 (18:00), T24 (24:00), T30 (06:00), respectively. Results Results showed that TRF altered the distribution of feed intake without changing the total feed intake within a day (p = 0.870). TRF decreased the overall concentration of colonic cellulose and altered their oscillating patterns. All alpha-diversity indexes of different time points showed significant differences regardless of feeding pattern with a trough at T18 or T24. TRF shifted the trough of the alpha-diversity index Simpson and Invsimpson. TRF lost the rhythmicity of Prevotellaceae, Ruminococcaceae, Bacteroidales_S24-7_group, and Peptococcaceae and gained the rhythmicity of Pasteurellaceae, Clostridiaceae_1, Veillonellaceae, and Peptostreptococcaceae. Also, TRF altered the interaction pattern by increasing the microbes involved in the co-occurrence network and their crosstalk, especially at T24. Interestingly, the microbial variation at T24 could largely explained by colonic substrates starch (R2 = 0.369; p = 0.001), cellulose (R2 = 0.235; p = 0.009) and NH4-N (R2 = 0.489; p = 0.001). Conclusion In conclusion, TRF has changed the concentrates of cellulose and the relative abundance of specific microbes and certain microbial metabolites. In addition, TRF has more powerful effects on the fluctuation modes of these nutrient substrates, microbes, and metabolites by shifting their peaks or troughs. This knowledge facilitates the development of precision regulation targeting gut microbial rhythmicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Wang
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiuke Li
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Rongying Xu
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yong Su
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Weiyun Zhu
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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Zou S, Liu J, Si H, Huang D, Qi D, Pei X, Lu D, Huang S, Li Z. High-fat intake reshapes the circadian transcriptome profile and metabolism in murine meibomian glands. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1146916. [PMID: 37006922 PMCID: PMC10062204 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1146916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BackgroundNutritional and food components reshape the peripheral clock and metabolism. However, whether food challenges affect the circadian clock and metabolism of meibomian glands (MGs) has not been fully explored. This study was designed to analyze alterations in the rhythmic transcriptome and metabolism of MGs of murine fed a balanced diet or a high-fat diet (HFD).MethodsMale C57BL/6J mice were maintained on a 12/12 h light/dark cycle and fed ad libitum on normal chow (NC) or HFD for 4 weeks. MGs were collected from sacrificed animals at 3-h intervals throughout a 24-h circadian cycle. The circadian transcriptome of MGs was analyzed via bioinformatics approaches using high-throughput RNA sequencing (RNA-seq). In addition, circadian oscillations of lipid components in MGs were analyzed.ResultsMeibomian glands displayed robust transcriptome rhythmicity. HFD feeding significantly altered the circadian transcriptome profile of MGs—including composition and phase—and spatiotemporally affected the enriched signaling pathways. In addition, HFD feeding significantly altered the normal rhythmic oscillations of lipid components in MGs.ConclusionOur data show that HFD significantly affects MGs’ rhythmicity, which reveals a high sensitivity of MGs’ clocks to lipid composition in food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen Zou
- Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital and Henan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People’s Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jiangman Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hongli Si
- Department of Ophthalmology, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Duliurui Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Di Qi
- Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital and Henan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People’s Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaoting Pei
- Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital and Henan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People’s Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Dingli Lu
- Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital and Henan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People’s Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shenzhen Huang
- Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital and Henan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People’s Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhijie Li
- Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital and Henan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People’s Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Zhijie Li, ,
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22
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Tang D, Tang Q, Huang W, Zhang Y, Tian Y, Fu X. Fasting: From Physiology to Pathology. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2204487. [PMID: 36737846 PMCID: PMC10037992 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202204487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Overnutrition is a risk factor for various human diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases, metabolic disorders, and cancers. Therefore, targeting overnutrition represents a simple but attractive strategy for the treatment of these increasing public health threats. Fasting as a dietary intervention for combating overnutrition has been extensively studied. Fasting has been practiced for millennia, but only recently have its roles in the molecular clock, gut microbiome, and tissue homeostasis and function emerged. Fasting can slow aging in most species and protect against various human diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases, metabolic disorders, and cancers. These centuried and unfading adventures and explorations suggest that fasting has the potential to delay aging and help prevent and treat diseases while minimizing side effects caused by chronic dietary interventions. In this review, recent animal and human studies concerning the role and underlying mechanism of fasting in physiology and pathology are summarized, the therapeutic potential of fasting is highlighted, and the combination of pharmacological intervention and fasting is discussed as a new treatment regimen for human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongmei Tang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China HospitalSichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of BiotherapyChengduSichuan610041China
| | - Qiuyan Tang
- Neurology Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Clinical MedicineChengdu University of Traditional Chinese MedicineChengduSichuan610075China
| | - Wei Huang
- West China Centre of Excellence for PancreatitisInstitute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western MedicineWest China‐Liverpool Biomedical Research CentreWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuan610041China
| | - Yuwei Zhang
- Division of Endocrinology and MetabolismWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuan610041China
| | - Yan Tian
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China HospitalSichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of BiotherapyChengduSichuan610041China
| | - Xianghui Fu
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China HospitalSichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of BiotherapyChengduSichuan610041China
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23
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Livelo C, Guo Y, Abou Daya F, Rajasekaran V, Varshney S, Le HD, Barnes S, Panda S, Melkani GC. Time-restricted feeding promotes muscle function through purine cycle and AMPK signaling in Drosophila obesity models. Nat Commun 2023; 14:949. [PMID: 36810287 PMCID: PMC9944249 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36474-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity caused by genetic and environmental factors can lead to compromised skeletal muscle function. Time-restricted feeding (TRF) has been shown to prevent muscle function decline from obesogenic challenges; however, its mechanism remains unclear. Here we demonstrate that TRF upregulates genes involved in glycine production (Sardh and CG5955) and utilization (Gnmt), while Dgat2, involved in triglyceride synthesis is downregulated in Drosophila models of diet- and genetic-induced obesity. Muscle-specific knockdown of Gnmt, Sardh, and CG5955 lead to muscle dysfunction, ectopic lipid accumulation, and loss of TRF-mediated benefits, while knockdown of Dgat2 retains muscle function during aging and reduces ectopic lipid accumulation. Further analyses demonstrate that TRF upregulates the purine cycle in a diet-induced obesity model and AMPK signaling-associated pathways in a genetic-induced obesity model. Overall, our data suggest that TRF improves muscle function through modulations of common and distinct pathways under different obesogenic challenges and provides potential targets for obesity treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Livelo
- Department of Pathology, Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Yiming Guo
- Department of Pathology, Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Farah Abou Daya
- Department of Pathology, Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Vasanthi Rajasekaran
- Department of Pathology, Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Shweta Varshney
- Regulatory Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- Department of Biology, Molecular Biology Institute, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, 92182, USA
| | - Hiep D Le
- Regulatory Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Stephen Barnes
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Satchidananda Panda
- Regulatory Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Girish C Melkani
- Department of Pathology, Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA.
- Department of Biology, Molecular Biology Institute, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, 92182, USA.
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Zhao J, Sun Y, Yuan C, Li T, Liang Y, Zou H, Zhang J, Ren L. Quercetin ameliorates hepatic fat accumulation in high-fat diet-induced obese mice via PPARs. Food Funct 2023; 14:1674-1684. [PMID: 36691903 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo03013f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
As a natural pigment in food, quercetin possesses multiple biological activities and plays a crucial role in regulating metabolic syndrome. Herein, we aim to explore the potential mechanism of quercetin to ameliorate hepatic fat accumulation. In vivo experiments showed that quercetin significantly relieved inflammation response by decreasing the serum TNF-α and IL-6 levels and also improved high-fat diet-induced hepatic steatosis without other organ injuries. Quercetin can effectively reduce lipid aggregation and down-regulate the protein expression of PCK1 in HepG2 cells induced by oleic acid and palmitic acid, indicating that inhibiting gluconeogenesis leads to hepatic fat accumulation reduction. Furthermore, molecular docking results suggested that quercetin can bind to both PPARα and PPARγ, with an even more potent binding affinity than indeglitazar, a pan-agonist of PPARs. In conclusion, quercetin may regulate gluconeogenesis to ameliorate hepatic fat accumulation via targeting PPARα/γ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingqi Zhao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China.
| | - Yantong Sun
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Cuiping Yuan
- Institute of Agro-food Technology, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130033, China
| | - Tiezhu Li
- Institute of Agro-food Technology, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130033, China
| | - Yuan Liang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China.
| | - Haoyang Zou
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China.
| | - Jie Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China.
| | - Li Ren
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China.
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25
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Wolff CA, Gutierrez-Monreal MA, Meng L, Zhang X, Douma LG, Costello HM, Douglas CM, Ebrahimi E, Pham A, Oliveira AC, Fu C, Nguyen A, Alava BR, Hesketh SJ, Morris AR, Endale MM, Crislip GR, Cheng KY, Schroder EA, Delisle BP, Bryant AJ, Gumz ML, Huo Z, Liu AC, Esser KA. Defining the age-dependent and tissue-specific circadian transcriptome in male mice. Cell Rep 2023; 42:111982. [PMID: 36640301 PMCID: PMC9929559 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular circadian clocks direct a daily transcriptional program that supports homeostasis and resilience. Emerging evidence has demonstrated age-associated changes in circadian functions. To define age-dependent changes at the systems level, we profile the circadian transcriptome in the hypothalamus, lung, heart, kidney, skeletal muscle, and adrenal gland in three age groups. We find age-dependent and tissue-specific clock output changes. Aging reduces the number of rhythmically expressed genes (REGs), indicative of weakened circadian control. REGs are enriched for the hallmarks of aging, adding another dimension to our understanding of aging. Analyzing differential gene expression within a tissue at four different times of day identifies distinct clusters of differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Increased variability of gene expression across the day is a common feature of aged tissues. This analysis extends the landscape for understanding aging and highlights the impact of aging on circadian clock function and temporal changes in gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher A Wolff
- Department of Physiology and Aging, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; Myology Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Miguel A Gutierrez-Monreal
- Department of Physiology and Aging, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; Myology Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; Claude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Lingsong Meng
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Xiping Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Aging, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; Myology Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Lauren G Douma
- Department of Physiology and Aging, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Hypertension, and Renal Transplantation, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Hannah M Costello
- Department of Physiology and Aging, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Hypertension, and Renal Transplantation, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Collin M Douglas
- Department of Physiology and Aging, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; Myology Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Elnaz Ebrahimi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Ann Pham
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Aline C Oliveira
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Chunhua Fu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Amy Nguyen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Bryan R Alava
- Department of Physiology and Aging, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Stuart J Hesketh
- Department of Physiology and Aging, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; Myology Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Andrew R Morris
- Department of Physiology and Aging, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Mehari M Endale
- Department of Physiology and Aging, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - G Ryan Crislip
- Department of Physiology and Aging, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Hypertension, and Renal Transplantation, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Kit-Yan Cheng
- Department of Physiology and Aging, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Hypertension, and Renal Transplantation, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Schroder
- Internal Medicine, Pulmonary, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA; Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| | - Brian P Delisle
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| | - Andrew J Bryant
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Michelle L Gumz
- Department of Physiology and Aging, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Hypertension, and Renal Transplantation, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; Center for Integrative Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Zhiguang Huo
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
| | - Andrew C Liu
- Department of Physiology and Aging, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
| | - Karyn A Esser
- Department of Physiology and Aging, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; Myology Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; Claude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
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Deota S, Lin T, Chaix A, Williams A, Le H, Calligaro H, Ramasamy R, Huang L, Panda S. Diurnal transcriptome landscape of a multi-tissue response to time-restricted feeding in mammals. Cell Metab 2023; 35:150-165.e4. [PMID: 36599299 PMCID: PMC10026518 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2022.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Time-restricted feeding (TRF) is an emerging behavioral nutrition intervention that involves a daily cycle of feeding and fasting. In both animals and humans, TRF has pleiotropic health benefits that arise from multiple organ systems, yet the molecular basis of TRF-mediated benefits is not well understood. Here, we subjected mice to isocaloric ad libitum feeding (ALF) or TRF of a western diet and examined gene expression changes in samples taken from 22 organs and brain regions collected every 2 h over a 24-h period. We discovered that TRF profoundly impacts gene expression. Nearly 80% of all genes show differential expression or rhythmicity under TRF in at least one tissue. Functional annotation of these changes revealed tissue- and pathway-specific impacts of TRF. These findings and resources provide a critical foundation for future mechanistic studies and will help to guide human time-restricted eating (TRE) interventions to treat various disease conditions with or without pharmacotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaunak Deota
- The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Terry Lin
- The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Amandine Chaix
- The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - April Williams
- The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Hiep Le
- The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Hugo Calligaro
- The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Ramesh Ramasamy
- The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Ling Huang
- The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Satchidananda Panda
- The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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A Skeletal Muscle-Centric View on Time-Restricted Feeding and Obesity under Various Metabolic Challenges in Humans and Animals. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010422. [PMID: 36613864 PMCID: PMC9820735 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Nearly 50% of adults will suffer from obesity in the U.S. by 2030. High obesity rates can lead to high economic and healthcare burdens in addition to elevated mortality rates and reduced health span in patients. Emerging data demonstrate that obesity is a multifactorial complex disease with various etiologies including aging, a lifestyle of chronic high-fat diets (HFD), genetic predispositions, and circadian disruption. Time-restricted feeding/eating (TRF; TRE in humans) is an intervention demonstrated by studies to show promise as an effective alternative therapy for ameliorating the effects of obesity and metabolic disease. New studies have recently suggested that TRF/TRE modulates the skeletal muscle which plays a crucial role in metabolism historically observed to be impaired under obesity. Here we discuss recent findings regarding potential mechanisms underlying TRF's modulation of skeletal muscle function, metabolism, and structure which may shed light on future research related to TRF as a solution to obesity.
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Effects of Time-Restricted Feeding and Ramadan Fasting on Body Weight, Body Composition, Glucose Responses, and Insulin Resistance: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14224778. [PMID: 36432465 PMCID: PMC9696013 DOI: 10.3390/nu14224778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Time-restricted feeding (TRF) and Ramadan fasting (RF) have been recently associated with several health outcomes. However, it is not yet clear if they are superior to existing treatments in terms of glucose metabolism, insulin action, and weight loss. This review aims to summarize the current data on the effects of these regimes on body weight, body composition, and glycemia. An electronic search was conducted in PUBMED and SCOPUS databases up to August 2022. Twenty-four records met the inclusion criteria and underwent a risk-of-bias assessment. The main outcomes were: (a) TRF may result in moderate weight loss in individuals with overweight/obesity; when TRF is combined with caloric restriction, weight loss is >5% of the initial body weight, (b) 14 h of fasting may be as effective as 16 h in terms of weight loss, and (c) TRF may lead to improved insulin sensitivity and glycemic responses/variability throughout the day in individuals with overweight/obesity. Concerning RF, only two studies were available and thus, conclusions were not drawn. TRF may be an effective nutritional approach for weight loss, and the amelioration of glycemic control and insulin sensitivity in individuals with overweight/obesity. However, more long-term, well-designed studies are needed.
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Whittaker DS, Tamai TK, Bains RS, Villanueva SAM, Luk SHC, Dell’Angelica D, Block GD, Ghiani CA, Colwell CS. Dietary ketosis improves circadian dysfunction as well as motor symptoms in the BACHD mouse model of Huntington's disease. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1034743. [PMID: 36407529 PMCID: PMC9669764 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1034743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Disturbances in sleep/wake cycles are common among patients with neurodegenerative diseases including Huntington's disease (HD) and represent an appealing target for chrono-nutrition-based interventions. In the present work, we sought to determine whether a low-carbohydrate, high-fat diet would ameliorate the symptoms and delay disease progression in the BACHD mouse model of HD. Adult WT and BACHD male mice were fed a normal or a ketogenic diet (KD) for 3 months. The KD evoked a robust rhythm in serum levels of β-hydroxybutyrate and dramatic changes in the microbiome of male WT and BACHD mice. NanoString analysis revealed transcriptional changes driven by the KD in the striatum of both WT and BACHD mice. Disturbances in sleep/wake cycles have been reported in mouse models of HD and are common among HD patients. Having established that the KD had effects on both the WT and mutant mice, we examined its impact on sleep/wake cycles. KD increased daytime sleep and improved the timing of sleep onset, while other sleep parameters were not altered. In addition, KD improved activity rhythms, including rhythmic power, and reduced inappropriate daytime activity and onset variability. Importantly, KD improved motor performance on the rotarod and challenging beam tests. It is worth emphasizing that HD is a genetically caused disease with no known cure. Life-style changes that not only improve the quality of life but also delay disease progression for HD patients are greatly needed. Our study demonstrates the therapeutic potential of diet-based treatment strategies in a pre-clinical model of HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel S. Whittaker
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - T. Katherine Tamai
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Raj S. Bains
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Sophia Anne Marie Villanueva
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Shu Hon Christopher Luk
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Derek Dell’Angelica
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Gene D. Block
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Cristina A. Ghiani
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Christopher S. Colwell
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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Savikj M, Stocks B, Sato S, Caidahl K, Krook A, Deshmukh AS, Zierath JR, Wallberg-Henriksson H. Exercise timing influences multi-tissue metabolome and skeletal muscle proteome profiles in type 2 diabetic patients - A randomized crossover trial. Metabolism 2022; 135:155268. [PMID: 35908579 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2022.155268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Metabolic effects of exercise may partly depend on the time-of-day when exercise is performed. We tested the hypothesis that exercise timing affects the adaptations in multi-tissue metabolome and skeletal muscle proteome profiles in men with type 2 diabetes. METHODS Men fitting the inclusion (type 2 diabetes, age 45-68 years and body mass index 23-33 kg/m2) and exclusion criteria (insulin treatment, smoking, concurrent systemic disease, and regular exercise training) were included in a randomized crossover trial (n = 15). Participants included in this metabolomics and proteomics analysis fully completed all exercise sessions (n = 8). The trial consisted of two weeks of high-intensity interval training (HIT) (three sessions/week) either in the morning (08:00, n = 5) or afternoon (16:45, n = 3), a two-week wash-out period, and an additional two weeks of HIT at the opposing time. Participants and researchers were not blinded to group allocation. Blood, skeletal muscle and subcutaneous adipose tissue were obtained before the first, and after each training period. Broad-spectrum, untargeted proteomic analysis was performed on skeletal muscle, and metabolomic analysis was performed on all biosamples. Differential content was assessed by linear regression and pathway set enrichment analyses were performed. Coordinated metabolic changes across tissues were identified by Spearman correlation analysis. RESULTS Metabolic and proteomic profiles remained stable after two weeks of HIT, and individual metabolites and proteins were not altered, irrespective of the time of day at which the training was performed. However, coordinated changes in relevant metabolic pathways and protein categories were identified. Morning and afternoon HIT similarly increased plasma diacylglycerols, skeletal muscle acyl-carnitines, and subcutaneous adipose tissue sphingomyelins and lysophospholipids. Acyl-carnitines were central to training-induced metabolic cross-talk across tissues. Plasma carbohydrates, via the penthose phosphate pathway, were increased and skeletal muscle lipids were decreased after morning compared to afternoon HIT. Skeletal muscle lipoproteins were higher, and mitochondrial complex III abundance was lower after morning compared to afternoon HIT. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION We provide a comprehensive analysis of a multi-tissue metabolomic and skeletal muscle proteomic responses to training at different times of the day in men with type 2 diabetes. Increased circulating lipids and changes in adipose tissue lipid composition were common between morning and afternoon HIT. However, afternoon HIT increased skeletal muscle lipids and mitochondrial content to a greater degree than morning training. Thus, there is a diurnal component in the metabolomic and proteomic response to exercise in men with type 2 diabetes. The clinical relevance of this response warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mladen Savikj
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ben Stocks
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Shogo Sato
- Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism, INSERM U1233, Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Kenneth Caidahl
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Clinical Physiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Krook
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Atul S Deshmukh
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Juleen R Zierath
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Ding L, Liu J, Zhou L, Jia X, Li S, Zhang Q, Yu M, Xiao X. A high-fat diet disrupts the hepatic and adipose circadian rhythms and modulates the diurnal rhythm of gut microbiota-derived short-chain fatty acids in gestational mice. Front Nutr 2022; 9:925390. [PMID: 36245521 PMCID: PMC9554467 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.925390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of gestational obesity has reached epidemic proportions. Evidence supported that the interactions between the gut microbiota and circadian clocks far reached, affecting host metabolism. Our study aimed to investigate the effect of a high-fat diet (HF) on the hepatic and adipose circadian rhythms in gestational mice and to explore the role of gut microbiota-derived short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in mediating the effects. C57BL/6 female mice were randomly fed a standard chow diet (Ctr) or HF prior to and during pregnancy. Samples were collected every 4 h over 24 h (six time points), and 16S rRNA and metabonomics were carried out. Rhythmic patterns were identified and compared using CircaCompare. The results showed that the HF before and during pregnancy significantly induced obesity and worsen glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity, and lipid metabolism in the gestational mice. Furthermore, the HF significantly disrupted the rhythmic pattern of hepatic and adipose circadian clock genes and downstream metabolic genes. Importantly, our results revealed that the HF altered the diurnal rhythm of the gut microbiota in a diverse manner, which was assessed across three categories: phase shift, loss rhythmicity, and gained rhythmicity. We report here, for the first time, a parallel alteration of the rhythmic phase of butyric acid and butyrate-producing Clostridiaceae_1, which was confirmed by a positive correlation between them. Overall, our research emphasized the importance of the rhythmicity of gut microbiota-derived SCFAs in mediating circadian disruption in response to the HF in gestational mice, which may provide novel insights into the prevention and treatment of gestational obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Ding
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Ministry of Health, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jieying Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Ministry of Health, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Department of Medical Research Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Liyuan Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Ministry of Health, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xinmiao Jia
- Department of Medical Research Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Shunhua Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Ministry of Health, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Ministry of Health, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Miao Yu
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Ministry of Health, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xinhua Xiao
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Ministry of Health, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Xinhua Xiao,
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Randomized Controlled Trial for Time-Restricted Eating in Overweight and Obese Young Adults. iScience 2022; 25:104870. [PMID: 36034217 PMCID: PMC9400087 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Time-restricted eating (TRE) is known to improve metabolic health, whereas very few studies have compared the effects of early and late TRE (eTRE and lTRE) on metabolic health. Overweight and obese young adults were randomized to 6-h eTRE (eating from 7 a.m. to 1 p.m.) (n = 21), 6-h lTRE (eating from 12 p.m. to 6 p.m.) (n = 20), or a control group (ad libitum intake in a day) (n = 19). After 8 weeks, 6-h eTRE and lTRE produced comparable body weight loss compared with controls. Compared with control, 6-h eTRE reduced systolic blood pressure, mean glucose, fasting insulin, insulin resistance, leptin, and thyroid axis activity, whereas lTRE only reduced leptin. These findings shed light on the promise of 6-h eTRE and lTRE for weight loss. Larger studies are needed to assess the promise of eTRE to yield better thyroid axis modulation and overall cardiometabolic health improvement. 6-h eTRE and lTRE regimens were evaluated in 60 overweight and obese young adults The duration from the last meal to the measurement for eTRE is much longer than lTRE Both regimens produce similar body weight loss over the 8 weeks of the study ETRE, but not lTRE, reduced blood pressure, mean glucose, and insulin resistance
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33
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Kouw IW, Heilbronn LK, van Zanten AR. Intermittent feeding and circadian rhythm in critical illness. Curr Opin Crit Care 2022; 28:381-388. [PMID: 35797531 PMCID: PMC9594144 DOI: 10.1097/mcc.0000000000000960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Circadian rhythms, i.e., periodic oscillations in internal biological processes, modulate metabolic processes such as hormonal signalling, nutrient absorption, and xenobiotic detoxification. Meal timing is a strong entraining cue for peripheral clocks in various organs, and eating out of circadian phases can impair glucose, gastrointestinal, and muscle metabolism. Sleep/wake cycles and circadian rhythms are extremely disrupted during critical illness. Timing of nutritional support may help preserve circadian rhythms and improve post-Intensive Care Unit (ICU) recovery. This review summarises circadian disruptors during ICU admission and evaluates the potential benefits of intermittent feeding on metabolism and circadian rhythms. RECENT FINDINGS Rhythmic expression of core clock genes becomes rapidly disturbed during critical illness and remains disturbed for weeks. Intermittent, bolus, and cyclic enteral feeding have been directly compared to routine continuous feeding, yet no benefits on glycaemic control, gastrointestinal tolerance, and muscle mass have been observed and impacts of circadian clocks remain untested. SUMMARY Aligning timing of nutritional intake, physical activity, and/or medication with circadian rhythms are potential strategies to reset peripheral circadian rhythms and may enhance ICU recovery but is not proven beneficial yet. Therefore, selecting intermittent feeding over continuous feeding must be balanced against the pros and cons of clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imre W.K. Kouw
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Intensive Care Unit, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Centre of Research Excellence in Translating Nutritional Science to Good Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Leonie K. Heilbronn
- Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Centre of Research Excellence in Translating Nutritional Science to Good Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Arthur R.H. van Zanten
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Gelderse Vallei Hospital, Ede, The Netherlands
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Ratiner K, Shapiro H, Goldenberg K, Elinav E. Time-limited diets and the gut microbiota in cardiometabolic disease. J Diabetes 2022; 14:377-393. [PMID: 35698246 PMCID: PMC9366560 DOI: 10.1111/1753-0407.13288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, intermittent fasting (IF), including periodic fasting and time-restricted feeding (TRF), has been increasingly suggested to constitute a promising treatment for cardiometabolic diseases (CMD). A deliberate daily pause in food consumption influences the gut microbiome and the host circadian clock, resulting in improved cardiometabolic health. Understanding the molecular mechanisms by which circadian host-microbiome interactions affect host metabolism and immunity may add a potentially important dimension to effective implementation of IF diets. In this review, we discuss emerging evidence potentially linking compositional and functional alterations of the gut microbiome with IF impacts on mammalian metabolism and risk of development of hypertension, type 2 diabetes (T2D), obesity, and their long-term micro- and macrovascular complications. We highlight the challenges and unknowns in causally linking diurnal bacterial signals with dietary cues and downstream metabolic consequences and means of harnessing these signals toward future microbiome integration into precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Ratiner
- Systems Immunology DepartmentWeizmann Institute of ScienceRehovotIsrael
| | - Hagit Shapiro
- Systems Immunology DepartmentWeizmann Institute of ScienceRehovotIsrael
| | - Kim Goldenberg
- Systems Immunology DepartmentWeizmann Institute of ScienceRehovotIsrael
| | - Eran Elinav
- Systems Immunology DepartmentWeizmann Institute of ScienceRehovotIsrael
- Microbiome & Cancer Division, DKFZHeidelbergGermany
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Zou S, Jiao X, Liu J, Qi D, Pei X, Lu D, Huang S, Li Z. High-Fat Nutritional Challenge Reshapes Circadian Signatures in Murine Extraorbital Lacrimal Glands. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2022; 63:23. [PMID: 35588356 PMCID: PMC9123521 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.63.5.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose A high-fat diet (HFD) increases the risk of developing many systemic diseases; however, the effects of high fat intake on lacrimal gland functions and the molecular mechanisms underlying these effects are unknown. We explored the effects of an HFD on the circadian rhythms of the extraorbital lacrimal glands (ELGs). Methods Male C57BL/6J mice maintained on a 12/12-hour light/dark cycle were fed an ad libitum HFD or normal chow (NC) for 2 weeks. The ELGs were collected from euthanized animals every 3 hours throughout the circadian cycle (24 hours). Using high-throughput RNA-sequencing (RNA-Seq), we studied the circadian transcriptomic profile of the ELGs. Circadian oscillations in cell size, secretion response, lipid deposition, and immune cell trafficking of the ELGs were also analyzed. Results An HFD modulated the circadian transcriptomic profile of the ELGs, including the composition, phase, and amplitude of cyclical transcript oscillations, and affected the associated signaling pathways at spatiotemporal levels. HFD feeding significantly altered the normal rhythmic oscillations of ELG cell size, immune cell trafficking, secretion response, and lipid deposition. After dietary reversal in HFD-fed animals, the activity, core temperature, and lipid accumulation in lacrimal glands recovered partially to the level of NC-fed animals. However, the average cell size of the ELGs, the recruitment of immune cells, and the rhythm of lacrimal secretion did not return to the levels of the NC-fed group. Conclusions HFD perturbation interferes with the cyclical transcriptomic profile, cell size, immune cell trafficking, and secretion function of the ELGs with a strikingly high sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen Zou
- Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital and Henan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People's Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou City, China
| | - Xinwei Jiao
- Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital and Henan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People's Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou City, China
| | - Jiangman Liu
- Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital and Henan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People's Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou City, China
| | - Di Qi
- Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital and Henan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People's Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou City, China
| | - Xiaoting Pei
- Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital and Henan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People's Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou City, China
| | - Dingli Lu
- Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital and Henan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People's Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou City, China
| | - Shenzhen Huang
- Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital and Henan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People's Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou City, China
| | - Zhijie Li
- Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital and Henan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People's Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou City, China
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Zhao Y, Jia M, Chen W, Liu Z. The neuroprotective effects of intermittent fasting on brain aging and neurodegenerative diseases via regulating mitochondrial function. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 182:206-218. [PMID: 35218914 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Intermittent fasting (IF) has been studied for its effects on lifespan and the prevention or delay of age-related diseases upon the regulation of metabolic pathways. Mitochondria participate in key metabolic pathways and play important roles in maintaining intracellular signaling networks that modulate various cellular functions. Mitochondrial dysfunction has been described as an early feature of brain aging and neurodegeneration. Although IF has been shown to prevent brain aging and neurodegeneration, the mechanism is still unclear. This review focuses on the mechanisms by which IF improves mitochondrial function, which plays a central role in brain aging and neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and Huntington's disease. The cellular and molecular mechanisms of IF in brain aging and neurodegeneration involve activation of adaptive cellular stress responses and signaling- and transcriptional pathways, thereby enhancing mitochondrial function, by promoting energy metabolism and reducing oxidant production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihang Zhao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Mengzhen Jia
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Weixuan Chen
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhigang Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China; German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany.
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Intermittent Fasting: Potential Bridge of Obesity and Diabetes to Health? Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14050981. [PMID: 35267959 PMCID: PMC8912812 DOI: 10.3390/nu14050981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity has been an escalating worldwide health problem for decades, and it is likely a risk factor of prediabetes and diabetes. Correlated with obesity, the number of diabetic patients is also remarkable. A modest weight loss (5–10%) is critical to alleviate the risk of any other metabolic disease. Reduced energy intake has been an essential factor for weight loss reduction. As a new behavior intervention to lose weight, intermittent fasting (IF) attracts considerable attention and has become a popular strategy among young people. IF is a diet pattern that cycles between periods of fasting and eating on a regular schedule, involving various types, mainly Intermittent Energy Restriction and Time-Restricted Fasting. Accumulating evidence shows that short-term IF has a greatly positive effect in animal studies and contributes favorable benefits in human trials as well. Nevertheless, as an emerging, diverse, and relatively premature behavior intervention, there are still limited studies considering patients with obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. It is also a controversial intervention for the treatment of metabolic disease and cancer. The risks and challenges appear consequently. Additionally, whether intermittent fasting can be applied to long-term clinical treatment, and whether it has side effects during the long-term period or not, demands more large-scale and long-term experiments.
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Austad SN, Ballinger S, Buford TW, Carter CS, Smith DL, Darley-Usmar V, Zhang J. Targeting whole body metabolism and mitochondrial bioenergetics in the drug development for Alzheimer's disease. Acta Pharm Sin B 2022; 12:511-531. [PMID: 35256932 PMCID: PMC8897048 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is by far the most prominent risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD), and both aging and AD are associated with apparent metabolic alterations. As developing effective therapeutic interventions to treat AD is clearly in urgent need, the impact of modulating whole-body and intracellular metabolism in preclinical models and in human patients, on disease pathogenesis, have been explored. There is also an increasing awareness of differential risk and potential targeting strategies related to biological sex, microbiome, and circadian regulation. As a major part of intracellular metabolism, mitochondrial bioenergetics, mitochondrial quality-control mechanisms, and mitochondria-linked inflammatory responses have been considered for AD therapeutic interventions. This review summarizes and highlights these efforts.
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Key Words
- ACE2, angiotensin I converting enzyme (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) 2
- AD, Alzheimer's disease
- ADP, adenosine diphosphate
- ADRD, AD-related dementias
- Aβ, amyloid β
- CSF, cerebrospinal fluid
- Circadian regulation
- DAMPs
- DAMPs, damage-associated molecular patterns
- Diabetes
- ER, estrogen receptor
- ETC, electron transport chain
- FCCP, trifluoromethoxy carbonylcyanide phenylhydrazone
- FPR-1, formyl peptide receptor 1
- GIP, glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide
- GLP-1, glucagon-like peptide-1
- HBP, hexoamine biosynthesis pathway
- HTRA, high temperature requirement A
- Hexokinase biosynthesis pathway
- I3A, indole-3-carboxaldehyde
- IRF-3, interferon regulatory factor 3
- LC3, microtubule associated protein light chain 3
- LPS, lipopolysaccharide
- LRR, leucine-rich repeat
- MAVS, mitochondrial anti-viral signaling
- MCI, mild cognitive impairment
- MRI, magnetic resonance imaging
- MRS, magnetic resonance spectroscopy
- Mdivi-1, mitochondrial division inhibitor 1
- Microbiome
- Mitochondrial DNA
- Mitochondrial electron transport chain
- Mitochondrial quality control
- NLRP3, leucine-rich repeat (LRR)-containing protein (NLR)-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3
- NOD, nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain
- NeuN, neuronal nuclear protein
- PET, fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-positron emission tomography
- PKA, protein kinase A
- POLβ, the base-excision repair enzyme DNA polymerase β
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- Reactive species
- SAMP8, senescence-accelerated mice
- SCFAs, short-chain fatty acids
- SIRT3, NAD-dependent deacetylase sirtuin-3
- STING, stimulator of interferon genes
- STZ, streptozotocin
- SkQ1, plastoquinonyldecyltriphenylphosphonium
- T2D, type 2 diabetes
- TCA, Tricarboxylic acid
- TLR9, toll-like receptor 9
- TMAO, trimethylamine N-oxide
- TP, tricyclic pyrone
- TRF, time-restricted feeding
- cAMP, cyclic adenosine monophosphate
- cGAS, cyclic GMP/AMP synthase
- hAPP, human amyloid precursor protein
- hPREP, human presequence protease
- i.p., intraperitoneal
- mTOR, mechanistic target of rapamycin
- mtDNA, mitochondrial DNA
- αkG, alpha-ketoglutarate
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven N. Austad
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Scott Ballinger
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Thomas W. Buford
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Christy S. Carter
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Daniel L. Smith
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Victor Darley-Usmar
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
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Sato S, Dyar KA, Treebak JT, Jepsen SL, Ehrlich AM, Ashcroft SP, Trost K, Kunzke T, Prade VM, Small L, Basse AL, Schönke M, Chen S, Samad M, Baldi P, Barrès R, Walch A, Moritz T, Holst JJ, Lutter D, Zierath JR, Sassone-Corsi P. Atlas of exercise metabolism reveals time-dependent signatures of metabolic homeostasis. Cell Metab 2022; 34:329-345.e8. [PMID: 35030324 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2021.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Tissue sensitivity and response to exercise vary according to the time of day and alignment of circadian clocks, but the optimal exercise time to elicit a desired metabolic outcome is not fully defined. To understand how tissues independently and collectively respond to timed exercise, we applied a systems biology approach. We mapped and compared global metabolite responses of seven different mouse tissues and serum after an acute exercise bout performed at different times of the day. Comparative analyses of intra- and inter-tissue metabolite dynamics, including temporal profiling and blood sampling across liver and hindlimb muscles, uncovered an unbiased view of local and systemic metabolic responses to exercise unique to time of day. This comprehensive atlas of exercise metabolism provides clarity and physiological context regarding the production and distribution of canonical and novel time-dependent exerkine metabolites, such as 2-hydroxybutyrate (2-HB), and reveals insight into the health-promoting benefits of exercise on metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shogo Sato
- Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism, INSERM U1233, Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Kenneth A Dyar
- Metabolic Physiology, Institute for Diabetes and Cancer, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jonas T Treebak
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sara L Jepsen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Amy M Ehrlich
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Stephen P Ashcroft
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kajetan Trost
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas Kunzke
- Research Unit Analytical Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Verena M Prade
- Research Unit Analytical Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Lewin Small
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Astrid Linde Basse
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Milena Schönke
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Integrative Physiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Siwei Chen
- Institute for Genomics and Bioinformatics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Muntaha Samad
- Institute for Genomics and Bioinformatics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Pierre Baldi
- Institute for Genomics and Bioinformatics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Romain Barrès
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Axel Walch
- Research Unit Analytical Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Moritz
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jens J Holst
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Dominik Lutter
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany; Computational Discovery Research, Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Juleen R Zierath
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Integrative Physiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Integrative Physiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Paolo Sassone-Corsi
- Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism, INSERM U1233, Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
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Debik J, Sangermani M, Wang F, Madssen TS, Giskeødegård GF. Multivariate analysis of NMR-based metabolomic data. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2022; 35:e4638. [PMID: 34738674 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy allows for simultaneous detection of a wide range of metabolites and lipids. As metabolites act together in complex metabolic networks, they are often highly correlated, and optimal biological insight is achieved when using methods that take the correlation into account. For this reason, latent-variable-based methods, such as principal component analysis and partial least-squares discriminant analysis, are widely used in metabolomic studies. However, with increasing availability of larger population cohorts, and a shift from analysis of spectral data to using quantified metabolite levels, both more traditional statistical approaches and alternative machine learning methods have become more widely used. This review aims at providing an overview of the current state-of-the-art multivariate methods for the analysis of NMR-based metabolomic data as well as alternative methods, highlighting their strengths and limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Debik
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology-NTNU, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Matteo Sangermani
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology-NTNU, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology-NTNU, Trondheim, Norway
- Clinic of Surgery, St. Olavs Hospital HF, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Torfinn S Madssen
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology-NTNU, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Guro F Giskeødegård
- Clinic of Surgery, St. Olavs Hospital HF, Trondheim, Norway
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology-NTNU, Trondheim, Norway
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Tuning up an aged clock: Circadian clock regulation in metabolism and aging. TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE OF AGING 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tma.2021.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
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Ribas-Aulinas F, Parra-Vargas M, Ramon-Krauel M, Diaz R, Lerin C, Cambras T, Jimenez-Chillaron JC. Time-Restricted Feeding during Puberty Ameliorates Adiposity and Prevents Hepatic Steatosis in a Mouse Model of Childhood Obesity. Nutrients 2021; 13:3579. [PMID: 34684586 PMCID: PMC8538558 DOI: 10.3390/nu13103579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Time restricted feeding (TRF) refers to dietary interventions in which food access is limited during a specific timeframe of the day. TRFs have proven useful in improving metabolic health in adult subjects with obesity. Their beneficial effects are mediated, in part, through modulating the circadian rhythm. Nevertheless, the translation of these dietary interventions onto obese/overweight children and adolescents remains uncharacterized. The objective of this study is to explore the feasibility of temporal dietary interventions for improving metabolic health in the context of childhood obesity. METHODS We have previously developed a mouse model of early adiposity (i.e., childhood obesity) through litter size reduction. Mice raised in small litters (SL) became obese as early as by two weeks of age, and as adults, they developed several obesity-related co-morbidities, including insulin resistance, glucose intolerance and hepatic steatosis. Here, we explored whether two independent short-term chrono-nutritional interventions might improve metabolic health in 1-month-old pre-pubertal SL mice. Both TRFs comprised 8 h feeding/14 h fasting. In the first one (TRF1) Control and SL mice had access to the diet for 8 h during the dark phase. In the second intervention (TRF2) food was available during the light:dark transitions. RESULTS TRF1 did not alter food intake nor ameliorate adiposity in SL-TRF1. In contrast, SL-TRF2 mice showed unintentional reduction of caloric intake, which was accompanied by reduced total body weight and adiposity. Strikingly, hepatic triglyceride content was completely normalized in SL-TRF1 and SL-TRF2 mice, when compared to the ad lib-fed SL mice. These effects were partially mediated by (i) clock-dependent signals, which might modulate the expression of Pparg or Cpt1a, and (ii) clock-independent signals, such as fasting itself, which could influence Fasn expression. CONCLUSIONS Time-restricted feeding is an effective and feasible nutritional intervention to improve metabolic health, namely hepatic steatosis, in a model of childhood obesity. These data open new avenues for future safe and efficient chrono-nutritional interventions aimed to improve metabolic health in children with overweight/obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesc Ribas-Aulinas
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues, 08950 Barcelona, Spain; (F.R.-A.); (M.P.-V.); (M.R.-K.); (R.D.); (C.L.)
| | - Marcela Parra-Vargas
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues, 08950 Barcelona, Spain; (F.R.-A.); (M.P.-V.); (M.R.-K.); (R.D.); (C.L.)
| | - Marta Ramon-Krauel
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues, 08950 Barcelona, Spain; (F.R.-A.); (M.P.-V.); (M.R.-K.); (R.D.); (C.L.)
- School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ruben Diaz
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues, 08950 Barcelona, Spain; (F.R.-A.); (M.P.-V.); (M.R.-K.); (R.D.); (C.L.)
- School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carles Lerin
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues, 08950 Barcelona, Spain; (F.R.-A.); (M.P.-V.); (M.R.-K.); (R.D.); (C.L.)
| | - Trinitat Cambras
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Josep C. Jimenez-Chillaron
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues, 08950 Barcelona, Spain; (F.R.-A.); (M.P.-V.); (M.R.-K.); (R.D.); (C.L.)
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Lee Y. Roles of circadian clocks in cancer pathogenesis and treatment. Exp Mol Med 2021; 53:1529-1538. [PMID: 34615982 PMCID: PMC8568965 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-021-00681-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Circadian clocks are ubiquitous timing mechanisms that generate approximately 24-h rhythms in cellular and bodily functions across nearly all living species. These internal clock systems enable living organisms to anticipate and respond to daily changes in their environment in a timely manner, optimizing temporal physiology and behaviors. Dysregulation of circadian rhythms by genetic and environmental risk factors increases susceptibility to multiple diseases, particularly cancers. A growing number of studies have revealed dynamic crosstalk between circadian clocks and cancer pathways, providing mechanistic insights into the therapeutic utility of circadian rhythms in cancer treatment. This review will discuss the roles of circadian rhythms in cancer pathogenesis, highlighting the recent advances in chronotherapeutic approaches for improved cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yool Lee
- grid.30064.310000 0001 2157 6568Department of Translational Medicine and Physiology, Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane, WA 99202 USA
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Abstract
Circadian clocks are biological timing mechanisms that generate 24-h rhythms of physiology and behavior, exemplified by cycles of sleep/wake, hormone release, and metabolism. The adaptive value of clocks is evident when internal body clocks and daily environmental cycles are mismatched, such as in the case of shift work and jet lag or even mistimed eating, all of which are associated with physiological disruption and disease. Studies with animal and human models have also unraveled an important role of functional circadian clocks in modulating cellular and organismal responses to physiological cues (ex., food intake, exercise), pathological insults (e.g. virus and parasite infections), and medical interventions (e.g. medication). With growing knowledge of the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying circadian physiology and pathophysiology, it is becoming possible to target circadian rhythms for disease prevention and treatment. In this review, we discuss recent advances in circadian research and the potential for therapeutic applications that take patient circadian rhythms into account in treating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yool Lee
- Department of Translational Medicine and Physiology, Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington
| | - Jeffrey M Field
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Amita Sehgal
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chronobiology and Sleep Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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Moholdt T, Parr EB, Devlin BL, Debik J, Giskeødegård G, Hawley JA. The effect of morning vs evening exercise training on glycaemic control and serum metabolites in overweight/obese men: a randomised trial. Diabetologia 2021; 64:2061-2076. [PMID: 34009435 PMCID: PMC8382617 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-021-05477-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS We determined whether the time of day of exercise training (morning vs evening) would modulate the effects of consumption of a high-fat diet (HFD) on glycaemic control, whole-body health markers and serum metabolomics. METHODS In this three-armed parallel-group randomised trial undertaken at a university in Melbourne, Australia, overweight/obese men consumed an HFD (65% of energy from fat) for 11 consecutive days. Participants were recruited via social media and community advertisements. Eligibility criteria for participation were male sex, age 30-45 years, BMI 27.0-35.0 kg/m2 and sedentary lifestyle. The main exclusion criteria were known CVD or type 2 diabetes, taking prescription medications, and shift-work. After 5 days, participants were allocated using a computer random generator to either exercise in the morning (06:30 hours), exercise in the evening (18:30 hours) or no exercise for the subsequent 5 days. Participants and researchers were not blinded to group assignment. Changes in serum metabolites, circulating lipids, cardiorespiratory fitness, BP, and glycaemic control (from continuous glucose monitoring) were compared between groups. RESULTS Twenty-five participants were randomised (morning exercise n = 9; evening exercise n = 8; no exercise n = 8) and 24 participants completed the study and were included in analyses (n = 8 per group). Five days of HFD induced marked perturbations in serum metabolites related to lipid and amino acid metabolism. Exercise training had a smaller impact than the HFD on changes in circulating metabolites, and only exercise undertaken in the evening was able to partly reverse some of the HFD-induced changes in metabolomic profiles. Twenty-four-hour glucose concentrations were lower after 5 days of HFD compared with the participants' habitual diet (5.3 ± 0.4 vs 5.6 ± 0.4 mmol/l, p = 0.001). There were no significant changes in 24 h glucose concentrations for either exercise group but lower nocturnal glucose levels were observed in participants who trained in the evening, compared with when they consumed the HFD alone (4.9 ± 0.4 vs 5.3 ± 0.3 mmol/l, p = 0.04). Compared with the no-exercise group, peak oxygen uptake improved after both morning (estimated effect 1.3 ml min-1 kg-1 [95% CI 0.5, 2.0], p = 0.003) and evening exercise (estimated effect 1.4 ml min-1 kg-1 [95% CI 0.6, 2.2], p = 0.001). Fasting blood glucose, insulin, cholesterol, triacylglycerol and LDL-cholesterol concentrations decreased only in participants allocated to evening exercise training. There were no unintended or adverse effects. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION A short-term HFD in overweight/obese men induced substantial alterations in lipid- and amino acid-related serum metabolites. Improvements in cardiorespiratory fitness were similar regardless of the time of day of exercise training. However, improvements in glycaemic control and partial reversal of HFD-induced changes in metabolic profiles were only observed when participants exercise trained in the evening. TRIAL REGISTRATION anzctr.org.au registration no. ACTRN12617000304336. FUNDING This study was funded by the Novo Nordisk Foundation (NNF14OC0011493).
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Affiliation(s)
- Trine Moholdt
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
- Women's Clinic, St Olavs Hospital, Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Evelyn B Parr
- Exercise & Nutrition Research Program, Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia
| | - Brooke L Devlin
- Exercise & Nutrition Research Program, Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia
- Department of Dietetics, Nutrition and Sport, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Julia Debik
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Guro Giskeødegård
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - John A Hawley
- Exercise & Nutrition Research Program, Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia.
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Wahl D, LaRocca TJ. Transcriptomic Effects of Healthspan-Promoting Dietary Interventions: Current Evidence and Future Directions. Front Nutr 2021; 8:712129. [PMID: 34447778 PMCID: PMC8383293 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.712129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is the greatest risk factor most diseases, including cardiovascular disorders, cancers, diabetes, and neurodegeneration, but select nutritional interventions may profoundly reduce the risk for these conditions. These interventions include calorie restriction, intermittent fasting, protein restriction, and reducing intake of certain amino acids. Certain ad libitum diets, including the Mediterranean, Finnish Geriatric Intervention Study to Prevent Cognitive Impairment and Disability, and Okinawan diets also promote healthy aging. Evidence indicates that these dietary strategies influence aging and healthspan by acting on the biological "hallmarks of aging" and especially upstream nutrient sensing pathways. Recent advances in "omics" technologies, including RNA-sequencing (transcriptomics), have increased our understanding of how such nutritional interventions may influence gene expression related to these biological mediators of aging, primarily in pre-clinical studies. However, whether these effects are also reflected in the human transcriptome, which may provide insight on other downstream/related cellular processes with aging, is an emerging topic. Broadly, the investigation of how these nutritional interventions influence the transcriptome may provide novel insight into pathways associated with aging, and potential targets to treat age-associated disease and increase healthspan. Therefore, the purpose of this mini review is to summarize what is known about the transcriptomic effects of key dietary/nutritional interventions in both pre-clinical models and humans, address gaps in the literature, and provide insight into future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devin Wahl
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
- Center for Healthy Aging, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Thomas J. LaRocca
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
- Center for Healthy Aging, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
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Guan D, Lazar MA. Interconnections between circadian clocks and metabolism. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:e148278. [PMID: 34338232 DOI: 10.1172/jci148278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Circadian rhythms evolved through adaptation to daily light/dark changes in the environment; they are believed to be regulated by the core circadian clock interlocking feedback loop. Recent studies indicate that each core component executes general and specific functions in metabolism. Here, we review the current understanding of the role of these core circadian clock genes in the regulation of metabolism using various genetically modified animal models. Additionally, emerging evidence shows that exposure to environmental stimuli, such as artificial light, unbalanced diet, mistimed eating, and exercise, remodels the circadian physiological processes and causes metabolic disorders. This Review summarizes the reciprocal regulation between the circadian clock and metabolism, highlights remaining gaps in knowledge about the regulation of circadian rhythms and metabolism, and examines potential applications to human health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyin Guan
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism.,Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Mitchell A Lazar
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism.,Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, and.,Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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48
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Templeman I, Smith HA, Chowdhury E, Chen YC, Carroll H, Johnson-Bonson D, Hengist A, Smith R, Creighton J, Clayton D, Varley I, Karagounis LG, Wilhelmsen A, Tsintzas K, Reeves S, Walhin JP, Gonzalez JT, Thompson D, Betts JA. A randomized controlled trial to isolate the effects of fasting and energy restriction on weight loss and metabolic health in lean adults. Sci Transl Med 2021; 13:13/598/eabd8034. [PMID: 34135111 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abd8034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Intermittent fasting may impart metabolic benefits independent of energy balance by initiating fasting-mediated mechanisms. This randomized controlled trial examined 24-hour fasting with 150% energy intake on alternate days for 3 weeks in lean, healthy individuals (0:150; n = 12). Control groups involved a matched degree of energy restriction applied continuously without fasting (75% energy intake daily; 75:75; n = 12) or a matched pattern of fasting without net energy restriction (200% energy intake on alternate days; 0:200; n = 12). Primary outcomes were body composition, components of energy balance, and postprandial metabolism. Daily energy restriction (75:75) reduced body mass (-1.91 ± 0.99 kilograms) almost entirely due to fat loss (-1.75 ± 0.79 kilograms). Restricting energy intake via fasting (0:150) also decreased body mass (-1.60 ± 1.06 kilograms; P = 0.46 versus 75:75) but with attenuated reductions in body fat (-0.74 ± 1.32 kilograms; P = 0.01 versus 75:75), whereas fasting without energy restriction (0:200) did not significantly reduce either body mass (-0.52 ± 1.09 kilograms; P ≤ 0.04 versus 75:75 and 0:150) or fat mass (-0.12 ± 0.68 kilograms; P ≤ 0.05 versus 75:75 and 0:150). Postprandial indices of cardiometabolic health and gut hormones, along with the expression of key genes in subcutaneous adipose tissue, were not statistically different between groups (P > 0.05). Alternate-day fasting less effectively reduces body fat mass than a matched degree of daily energy restriction and without evidence of fasting-specific effects on metabolic regulation or cardiovascular health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iain Templeman
- Centre for Nutrition, Exercise and Metabolism, Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Harry Alex Smith
- Centre for Nutrition, Exercise and Metabolism, Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Enhad Chowdhury
- Centre for Nutrition, Exercise and Metabolism, Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Yung-Chih Chen
- Centre for Nutrition, Exercise and Metabolism, Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK.,Department of Physical Education, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei City 106, Taiwan
| | - Harriet Carroll
- Centre for Nutrition, Exercise and Metabolism, Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK.,Cardiovascular Research-Hypertension, Clinical Research Centre, Lund University, Malmö 221 00, Sweden
| | - Drusus Johnson-Bonson
- Centre for Nutrition, Exercise and Metabolism, Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Aaron Hengist
- Centre for Nutrition, Exercise and Metabolism, Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Rowan Smith
- Centre for Nutrition, Exercise and Metabolism, Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Jade Creighton
- Centre for Nutrition, Exercise and Metabolism, Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK.,School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham NG11 8NS, UK
| | - David Clayton
- School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham NG11 8NS, UK
| | - Ian Varley
- School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham NG11 8NS, UK
| | - Leonidas Georgios Karagounis
- Nestlé Health Science, Translation Research, Avenue Nestlé 55, CH-1800 Vevey, Switzerland.,Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Andrew Wilhelmsen
- MRC Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Kostas Tsintzas
- MRC Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Sue Reeves
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Roehampton, London SW15 4JD, UK
| | - Jean-Philippe Walhin
- Centre for Nutrition, Exercise and Metabolism, Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Javier Thomas Gonzalez
- Centre for Nutrition, Exercise and Metabolism, Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Dylan Thompson
- Centre for Nutrition, Exercise and Metabolism, Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
| | - James Alexander Betts
- Centre for Nutrition, Exercise and Metabolism, Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK.
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49
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Zhao L, Hutchison AT, Heilbronn LK. Carbohydrate intake and circadian synchronicity in the regulation of glucose homeostasis. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2021; 24:342-348. [PMID: 33883418 DOI: 10.1097/mco.0000000000000756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Glucose metabolism is under circadian regulation, with insulin secretion and sensitivity being highest in the morning as compared to the evening. The present review will discuss the existing evidence for the role of meal and macronutrient timing to improve glucose metabolism and reset circadian clocks, with a focus on the evidence in humans. RECENT FINDINGS Shortening the daily eating window (also known as time-restricted eating), or skewing food intake towards breakfast and away from the evening meal both improve glucose control in people with impaired glucose metabolism. Insulin is recently purported to be a zeitgeber and thus an important reset signal for peripheral circadian clocks in vitro and in mice. Although few studies have tested the impact of macronutrient timing in humans, eating a greater proportion of carbohydrates earlier, rather than later, in the day is associated with better glucose control. SUMMARY The impact of carbohydrate intake timing on endogenous central and peripheral clocks, and its potential to optimize circadian regulation and improve glycaemic control, are not well understood but are currently under intense exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Zhao
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide
- Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Amy T Hutchison
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide
- Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Leonie K Heilbronn
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide
- Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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50
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Duregon E, Pomatto-Watson LCDD, Bernier M, Price NL, de Cabo R. Intermittent fasting: from calories to time restriction. GeroScience 2021; 43:1083-1092. [PMID: 33686571 PMCID: PMC8190218 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-021-00335-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The global human population has recently experienced an increase in life expectancy with a mounting concern about the steady rise in the incidence of age-associated chronic diseases and socio-economic burden. Calorie restriction (CR), the reduction of energy intake without malnutrition, is a dietary manipulation that can increase health and longevity in most model organisms. However, the practice of CR in day-to-day life is a challenging long-term goal for human intervention. Recently, daily fasting length and periodicity have emerged as potential drivers behind CR's beneficial health effects. Numerous strategies and eating patterns have been successfully developed to recapitulate many of CR's benefits without its austerity. These novel feeding protocols range from shortened meal timing designed to interact with our circadian system (e.g., daily time-restricted feeding) to more extended fasting regimens known as intermittent fasting. Here, we provide a glimpse of the current status of knowledge on different strategies to reap the benefits of CR on metabolic health in murine models and in humans, without the rigor of continuous reduction in caloric intake as presented at the USU State of the Science Symposium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Duregon
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Laura C D D Pomatto-Watson
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Michel Bernier
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Nathan L Price
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Rafael de Cabo
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA.
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