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Xue M, Lin Z, Wen Y, Fan S, Li Y, Qu HQ, Hu Q, Guo Q, Su L, Yang Q, Chen J, Jiang C, Huang H, Zheng P, Li N, Yuan Q, Zhang M, Zhao X, Wu Q, Hu F, Li L, Wang X, Liu P, Hakonarson H, Deng Z, Wang H, Tang X, Sun B. VCL/ICAM-1 pathway is associated with lung inflammatory damage in SARS-CoV-2 Omicron infection. Nat Commun 2025; 16:3801. [PMID: 40268929 PMCID: PMC12019401 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-025-59145-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2025] [Indexed: 04/25/2025] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 variants present diverse clinical manifestations, necessitating deeper insights into their pathogenic effects. This study employs multi-omics approaches to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying SARS-CoV-2 infection, focusing on vascular damage. Plasma proteomic analysis of unvaccinated participants infected with Omicron BA.2.76 or ancestral variants identifies key signaling pathways associated with endothelial dysfunction, with the vinculin (VCL) pathway emerging as a hallmark of Omicron infections, contributing to lung exudation. Metabolomic analysis of plasma samples from the same cohort reveals disruptions in immune function, cell membrane integrity, and metabolic processes, including altered tricarboxylic acid cycle and glycolysis pathways. An integrated analysis of proteomic and metabolomic data underscores the role of VCL in inflammation and extravasation, highlighting its interactions with adhesion molecules and inflammatory metabolites. A validation cohort of plasma samples from Omicron-infected participants confirms this association by replicating proteomic analysis, showing elevated VCL levels correlated with inflammatory markers. Functional studies in a male rat model of lung injury demonstrate that anti-VCL intervention reduces plasma VCL levels, mitigates alveolar edema, and restores alveolar-capillary barrier integrity, as assessed by histological staining and electron microscopy, thereby illustrating VCL modulation's impact on vascular leakage and extravasation. These findings establish VCL as a potential therapeutic target for mitigating vascular complications in SARS-CoV-2 infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingshan Xue
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, National Center for Respiratory Medicine / National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease / Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, China
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510000, China
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Guangzhou Eighth Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, China
- Guangzhou Laboratory, XingDaoHuanBei Road, Guangzhou International Bio Island, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510005, China
| | - Zhiwei Lin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, National Center for Respiratory Medicine / National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease / Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, China
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510000, China
| | - Youli Wen
- Zigong First People's Hospital, Sichuan, 643000, China
| | - Shaohui Fan
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, 519100, China
| | - Youxia Li
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, 519100, China
| | - Hui-Qi Qu
- The Center for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Qiurong Hu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, National Center for Respiratory Medicine / National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease / Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, China
| | - Qian Guo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, National Center for Respiratory Medicine / National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease / Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, China
| | - Lijun Su
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, National Center for Respiratory Medicine / National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease / Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, China
| | - Qianyue Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, National Center for Respiratory Medicine / National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease / Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, China
| | - Jiahong Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, National Center for Respiratory Medicine / National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease / Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, China
| | - Chuci Jiang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, National Center for Respiratory Medicine / National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease / Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, China
| | - Huimin Huang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, National Center for Respiratory Medicine / National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease / Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, China
| | - Peiyan Zheng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, National Center for Respiratory Medicine / National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease / Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, China
| | - Ning Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, National Center for Respiratory Medicine / National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease / Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, China
| | - Quan Yuan
- Zigong First People's Hospital, Sichuan, 643000, China
| | - Meixia Zhang
- Zigong First People's Hospital, Sichuan, 643000, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Zigong First People's Hospital, Sichuan, 643000, China
| | - Qunhua Wu
- Zigong First People's Hospital, Sichuan, 643000, China
| | - Fengyu Hu
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Guangzhou Eighth Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, China
| | - Lu Li
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Guangzhou Eighth Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, China
| | - Xiaowen Wang
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, 519100, China
| | - Peixin Liu
- Zhuhai People's Hospital, Zhuhai, Guangdong, 519100, China
| | - Hakon Hakonarson
- The Center for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Division of Human Genetics, Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, 101, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Zhiping Deng
- Zigong First People's Hospital, Sichuan, 643000, China
| | - Hongman Wang
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, 519100, China
| | - Xiaoping Tang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, National Center for Respiratory Medicine / National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease / Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, China
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Guangzhou Eighth Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, China
- Guangzhou Laboratory, XingDaoHuanBei Road, Guangzhou International Bio Island, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510005, China
| | - Baoqing Sun
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, National Center for Respiratory Medicine / National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease / Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510000, China.
- Guangzhou Laboratory, XingDaoHuanBei Road, Guangzhou International Bio Island, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510005, China.
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Li Y, Zhang X, Yi J, Chen Y, Liang J, Wang L, Ma J, Zhu R, Zhang X, Hu D, Jia Y, Yu X, Wang Y. Synergistic evolution: The dynamic adaptation of SARS-CoV-2 and human protective immunity in the real world. J Infect 2024; 89:106310. [PMID: 39393556 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2024.106310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Revised: 09/18/2024] [Accepted: 09/30/2024] [Indexed: 10/13/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES SARS-CoV-2 is continually evolving with new variants to evade protective immunity and cause new infections. This study aimed to assess infection-acquired immunity and hybrid immunity against re-infection or severe COVID-19. METHODS During 2020-2023, we collected 890 serum samples from individuals infected with SARS-CoV-2 variants including wild type, D614G, Alpha, Delta, BA.1, BA.2, BA.2.76, BA.5.2, BF.7, XBB, and EG.5. The levels of serum neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) against 18 diverse SARS-CoV-2 variants were determined using a bead-based high-throughput broad neutralizing-antibody assay. RESULTS In the initial wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, >75% of the patients demonstrated robust NAb responses against the ancestral SARS-CoV-2, during a period when vaccines were not yet available. After the emergence of the Omicron variant, the seroprevalence of anti-Omicron NAbs among the patients increased rapidly. By April 2023, when XBB variant was predominant, approximately 80% of the patients demonstrated >50% neutralization against the highly immune-evasive XBB lineages. Three serotypes of SARS-CoV-2, namely non-Omicron, Omicron, and XBB serotypes, were identified, with the strong likelihood of further changes occurring as the virus mutating. Generally, NAbs elicited by a previous serotype could not typically effectively protect against another serotype that emerges later in the evolutionary stages. CONCLUSION Our results firstly demonstrated the synergistic evolution between host immunity and SARS-CoV-2 variants in the real world, which would be helpful to develop future vaccines and public health strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunhui Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100015, China
| | - Xiaohan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences-Beijing (PHOENIX Center), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Jingkun Yi
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yuan Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University Ditan Teaching Hospital, Beijing 100015, China
| | - Jing Liang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100015, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100015, China
| | - Jiayue Ma
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100015, China
| | - Renlong Zhu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University Ditan Teaching Hospital, Beijing 100015, China
| | - Xiaomei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences-Beijing (PHOENIX Center), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Di Hu
- ProteomicsEra Medical Co., Ltd., Beijing 102206, China
| | - Yan Jia
- ProteomicsEra Medical Co., Ltd., Beijing 102206, China
| | - Xiaobo Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences-Beijing (PHOENIX Center), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 102206, China.
| | - Yajie Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100015, China.
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Tan HY, Khamis NH, Goh A, Mah TKL, Yeo B, Ngan JY, Ding Y, Lin C, Chae SR, Lee P, Ho ZJM. Singapore's COVID-19 Genomic Surveillance Programme: Strategies and Insights From a Pandemic Year. Influenza Other Respir Viruses 2024; 18:e70060. [PMID: 39701579 PMCID: PMC11658827 DOI: 10.1111/irv.70060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2024] [Revised: 11/19/2024] [Accepted: 12/01/2024] [Indexed: 12/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND During the COVID-19 pandemic, genomic surveillance was crucial for monitoring virus spread and identifying variants. Effective surveillance helped understand transmission dynamics. Singapore had success in combating COVID-19 through its surveillance programmes. This paper outlines Singapore's strategy and its impact on public health during the transition to endemicity over 54 weeks from February 2022 to February 2023. METHODS In May 2022, Singapore expanded its acute respiratory infections (ARI) surveillance to enhance COVID-19 detection. COVID-19-positive samples from ARI cases were sent to the National Public Health Laboratory for whole genome sequencing (WGS). WGS data informed public health actions based on transmission origins and case severity. RESULTS Over 54 weeks, NPHL sequenced 18,918 (73%) samples. Analysis showed 29% imported and 71% local cases. Severe cases accounted for 12% and were mostly elderly, specifically those aged 80 years old and above. Variant analysis identified 11 predominant variants and 288 subvariants. Omicron BA.2, BA.5 and XBB were initially dominant, followed by increased variant heterogeneity. Severe cases mirrored these trends. CONCLUSION Genomic surveillance was integral in Singapore's COVID-19 response, guiding timely public health decisions. Effective variant tracking supported proactive measures. The experience underscores the importance of genomic surveillance for future pandemic preparedness and emerging disease detection, emphasising its role in shaping pandemic responses and global health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Yi Tan
- Communicable Diseases Group, Ministry of Health, Singapore
- Health Systems Group, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Alvin Goh
- Communicable Diseases Group, Ministry of Health, Singapore
| | - Tania K L Mah
- Communicable Diseases Group, Ministry of Health, Singapore
| | - Benny Yeo
- National Public Health Laboratory, Ministry of Health, Singapore
| | - Jie Yin Ngan
- National Public Health Laboratory, Ministry of Health, Singapore
| | - Yichen Ding
- National Public Health Laboratory, Ministry of Health, Singapore
| | - Cui Lin
- National Public Health Laboratory, Ministry of Health, Singapore
| | - Sae-Rom Chae
- Communicable Diseases Group, Ministry of Health, Singapore
| | - Phoebe Lee
- Communicable Diseases Group, Ministry of Health, Singapore
| | - Zheng Jie Marc Ho
- Communicable Diseases Group, Ministry of Health, Singapore
- Asia Centre for Health Security, Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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Tang CY, Li T, Haynes TA, McElroy JA, Ritter D, Hammer RD, Sampson C, Webby R, Hang J, Wan XF. Rural populations facilitated early SARS-CoV-2 evolution and transmission in Missouri, USA. NPJ VIRUSES 2023; 1:7. [PMID: 38186942 PMCID: PMC10769004 DOI: 10.1038/s44298-023-00005-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
In the United States, rural populations comprise 60 million individuals and suffered from high COVID-19 disease burdens. Despite this, surveillance efforts are biased toward urban centers. Consequently, how rurally circulating SARS-CoV-2 viruses contribute toward emerging variants remains poorly understood. In this study, we aim to investigate the role of rural communities in the evolution and transmission of SARS-CoV-2 during the early pandemic. We collected 544 urban and 435 rural COVID-19-positive respiratory specimens from an overall vaccine-naïve population in Southwest Missouri between July and December 2020. Genomic analyses revealed 53 SARS-CoV-2 Pango lineages in our study samples, with 14 of these lineages identified only in rural samples. Phylodynamic analyses showed that frequent bi-directional diffusions occurred between rural and urban communities in Southwest Missouri, and that four out of seven Missouri rural-origin lineages spread globally. Further analyses revealed that the nucleocapsid protein (N):R203K/G204R paired substitutions, which were detected disproportionately across multiple Pango lineages, were more associated with urban than rural sequences. Positive selection was detected at N:204 among rural samples but was not evident in urban samples, suggesting that viruses may encounter distinct selection pressures in rural versus urban communities. This study demonstrates that rural communities may be a crucial source of SARS-CoV-2 evolution and transmission, highlighting the need to expand surveillance and resources to rural populations for COVID-19 mitigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia Y. Tang
- Center for Influenza and Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- Institute for Data Science and Informatics, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- These authors contributed equally: Cynthia Y. Tang, Tao Li
| | - Tao Li
- Viral Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
- These authors contributed equally: Cynthia Y. Tang, Tao Li
| | - Tricia A. Haynes
- Center for Influenza and Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Jane A. McElroy
- Family and Community Medicine, University of Missouriś, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Detlef Ritter
- Anatomic Pathology & Clinical Pathology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Richard D. Hammer
- Anatomic Pathology & Clinical Pathology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | | | - Richard Webby
- Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Jun Hang
- Viral Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Xiu-Feng Wan
- Center for Influenza and Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- Institute for Data Science and Informatics, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering & Computer Science, College of Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
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Sun B, Ni M, Liu H, Liu D. Viral intra-host evolutionary dynamics revealed via serial passage of Japanese encephalitis virus in vitro. Virus Evol 2023; 9:veac103. [PMID: 37205166 PMCID: PMC10185921 DOI: 10.1093/ve/veac103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Analyses of viral inter- and intra-host mutations could better guide the prevention and control of infectious diseases. For a long time, studies on viral evolution have focused on viral inter-host variations. Next-generation sequencing has accelerated the investigations of viral intra-host diversity. However, the theoretical basis and dynamic characteristics of viral intra-host mutations remain unknown. Here, using serial passages of the SA14-14-2 vaccine strain of Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) as the in vitro model, the distribution characteristics of 1,788 detected intra-host single-nucleotide variations (iSNVs) and their mutated frequencies from 477 deep-sequenced samples were analyzed. Our results revealed that in adaptive (baby hamster kidney (BHK)) cells, JEV is under a nearly neutral selection pressure, and both non-synonymous and synonymous mutations represent an S-shaped growth trend over time. A higher positive selection pressure was observed in the nonadaptive (C6/36) cells, and logarithmic growth in non-synonymous iSNVs and linear growth in synonymous iSNVs were observed over time. Moreover, the mutation rates of the NS4B protein and the untranslated region (UTR) of the JEV are significantly different between BHK and C6/36 cells, suggesting that viral selection pressure is regulated by different cellular environments. In addition, no significant difference was detected in the distribution of mutated frequencies of iSNVs between BHK and C6/36 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bangyao Sun
- School of Medical Laboratory, Weifang Medical University, Baotong West Street, Weifang 261053, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiaohongshan 44#, Wuhan 430000, China
- Computational Virology Group, Center for Bacteria and Viruses Resources and Bioinformation, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiaohongshan 44#, Wuhan 430000, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquan Road 19#, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ming Ni
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Taiping Road 27#, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Haizhou Liu
- Computational Virology Group, Center for Bacteria and Viruses Resources and Bioinformation, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiaohongshan 44#, Wuhan 430000, China
| | - Di Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiaohongshan 44#, Wuhan 430000, China
- Computational Virology Group, Center for Bacteria and Viruses Resources and Bioinformation, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiaohongshan 44#, Wuhan 430000, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquan Road 19#, Beijing 100049, China
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Towards precision medicine: Omics approach for COVID-19. BIOSAFETY AND HEALTH 2023; 5:78-88. [PMID: 36687209 PMCID: PMC9846903 DOI: 10.1016/j.bsheal.2023.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic had a devastating impact on human society. Beginning with genome surveillance of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the development of omics technologies brought a clearer understanding of the complex SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19. Here, we reviewed how omics, including genomics, proteomics, single-cell multi-omics, and clinical phenomics, play roles in answering biological and clinical questions about COVID-19. Large-scale sequencing and advanced analysis methods facilitate COVID-19 discovery from virus evolution and severity risk prediction to potential treatment identification. Omics would indicate precise and globalized prevention and medicine for the COVID-19 pandemic under the utilization of big data capability and phenotypes refinement. Furthermore, decoding the evolution rule of SARS-CoV-2 by deep learning models is promising to forecast new variants and achieve more precise data to predict future pandemics and prevent them on time.
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Alisoltani A, Jaroszewski L, Godzik A, Iranzadeh A, Simons LM, Dean TJ, Lorenzo-Redondo R, Hultquist JF, Ozer EA. ViralVar: A Web Tool for Multilevel Visualization of SARS-CoV-2 Genomes. Viruses 2022; 14:2714. [PMID: 36560718 PMCID: PMC9781208 DOI: 10.3390/v14122714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The unprecedented growth of publicly available SARS-CoV-2 genome sequence data has increased the demand for effective and accessible SARS-CoV-2 data analysis and visualization tools. The majority of the currently available tools either require computational expertise to deploy them or limit user input to preselected subsets of SARS-CoV-2 genomes. To address these limitations, we developed ViralVar, a publicly available, point-and-click webtool that gives users the freedom to investigate and visualize user-selected subsets of SARS-CoV-2 genomes obtained from the GISAID public database. ViralVar has two primary features that enable: (1) the visualization of the spatiotemporal dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 lineages and (2) a structural/functional analysis of genomic mutations. As proof-of-principle, ViralVar was used to explore the evolution of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in the USA in pediatric, adult, and elderly populations (n > 1.7 million genomes). Whereas the spatiotemporal dynamics of the variants did not differ between these age groups, several USA-specific sublineages arose relative to the rest of the world. Our development and utilization of ViralVar to provide insights on the evolution of SARS-CoV-2 in the USA demonstrates the importance of developing accessible tools to facilitate and accelerate the large-scale surveillance of circulating pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arghavan Alisoltani
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Center for Pathogen Genomics and Microbial Evolution, Havey Institute for Global Health, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Lukasz Jaroszewski
- Biosciences Division, School of Medicine, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA 92507, USA
| | - Adam Godzik
- Biosciences Division, School of Medicine, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA 92507, USA
| | - Arash Iranzadeh
- Computational Biology Division, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
| | - Lacy M. Simons
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Center for Pathogen Genomics and Microbial Evolution, Havey Institute for Global Health, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Taylor J. Dean
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Center for Pathogen Genomics and Microbial Evolution, Havey Institute for Global Health, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Ramon Lorenzo-Redondo
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Center for Pathogen Genomics and Microbial Evolution, Havey Institute for Global Health, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Judd F. Hultquist
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Center for Pathogen Genomics and Microbial Evolution, Havey Institute for Global Health, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Egon A. Ozer
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Center for Pathogen Genomics and Microbial Evolution, Havey Institute for Global Health, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
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8
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Chan ER, Jones LD, Linger M, Kovach JD, Torres-Teran MM, Wertz A, Donskey CJ, Zimmerman PA. COVID-19 infection and transmission includes complex sequence diversity. PLoS Genet 2022; 18:e1010200. [PMID: 36074769 PMCID: PMC9455841 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 whole genome sequencing has played an important role in documenting the emergence of polymorphisms in the viral genome and its continuing evolution during the COVID-19 pandemic. Here we present data from over 360 patients to characterize the complex sequence diversity of individual infections identified during multiple variant surges (e.g., Alpha and Delta). Across our survey, we observed significantly increasing SARS-CoV-2 sequence diversity during the pandemic and frequent occurrence of multiple biallelic sequence polymorphisms in all infections. This sequence polymorphism shows that SARS-CoV-2 infections are heterogeneous mixtures. Convention for reporting microbial pathogens guides investigators to report a majority consensus sequence. In our study, we found that this approach would under-report sequence variation in all samples tested. As we find that this sequence heterogeneity is efficiently transmitted from donors to recipients, our findings illustrate that infection complexity must be monitored and reported more completely to understand SARS-CoV-2 infection and transmission dynamics. Many of the nucleotide changes that would not be reported in a majority consensus sequence have now been observed as lineage defining SNPs in Omicron BA.1 and/or BA.2 variants. This suggests that minority alleles in earlier SARS-CoV-2 infections may play an important role in the continuing evolution of new variants of concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernest R. Chan
- Institute for Computational Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Lucas D. Jones
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Marlin Linger
- The Center for Global Health & Diseases, Pathology Department, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey D. Kovach
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- The Center for Global Health & Diseases, Pathology Department, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Maria M. Torres-Teran
- Pathology Department, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Audric Wertz
- Biology Department, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Curtis J. Donskey
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Peter A. Zimmerman
- The Center for Global Health & Diseases, Pathology Department, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- Master of Public Health Program, Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
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9
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Li Y, Si HR, Zhu Y, Xie N, Li B, Zhang XP, Han JF, Bao HH, Yang Y, Zhao K, Hou ZY, Cheng SJ, Zhang SH, Shi ZL, Zhou P. Characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 transmission in a medium-sized city with traditional communities during the early COVID-19 epidemic in China. Virol Sin 2022; 37:187-197. [PMID: 35279413 PMCID: PMC8786408 DOI: 10.1016/j.virs.2022.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The nationwide COVID-19 epidemic ended in 2020, a few months after its outbreak in Wuhan, China at the end of 2019. Most COVID-19 cases occurred in Hubei Province, with a few local outbreaks in other provinces of China. A few studies have reported the early SARS-CoV-2 epidemics in several large cities or provinces of China. However, information regarding the early epidemics in small and medium-sized cities, where there are still traditionally large families and community culture is more strongly maintained and thus, transmission profiles may differ, is limited. In this study, we characterized 60 newly sequenced SARS-CoV-2 genomes from Anyang as a representative of small and medium-sized Chinese cities, compared them with more than 400 reference genomes from the early outbreak, and studied the SARS-CoV-2 transmission profiles. Genomic epidemiology revealed multiple SARS-CoV-2 introductions in Anyang and a large-scale expansion of the epidemic because of the large family size. Moreover, our study revealed two transmission patterns in a single outbreak, which were attributed to different social activities. We observed the complete dynamic process of single-nucleotide polymorphism development during community transmission and found that intrahost variant analysis was an effective approach to studying cluster infections. In summary, our study provided new SARS-CoV-2 transmission profiles representative of small and medium-sized Chinese cities as well as information on the evolution of SARS-CoV-2 strains during the early COVID-19 epidemic in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China; Anyang Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Anyang, 455000, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101409, China
| | - Hao-Rui Si
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101409, China
| | - Yan Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Nan Xie
- Anyang Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Anyang, 455000, China
| | - Bei Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Xiang-Ping Zhang
- Anyang Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Anyang, 455000, China
| | - Jun-Feng Han
- Anyang Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Anyang, 455000, China
| | - Hong-Hong Bao
- Anyang Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Anyang, 455000, China
| | - Yong Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101409, China
| | - Kai Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101409, China
| | - Zi-Yuan Hou
- Anyang Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Anyang, 455000, China
| | - Si-Jia Cheng
- Anyang Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Anyang, 455000, China
| | - Shuan-Hu Zhang
- Anyang Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Anyang, 455000, China.
| | - Zheng-Li Shi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China.
| | - Peng Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China.
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10
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Aggarwal D, Page AJ, Schaefer U, Savva GM, Myers R, Volz E, Ellaby N, Platt S, Groves N, Gallagher E, Tumelty NM, Le Viet T, Hughes GJ, Chen C, Turner C, Logan S, Harrison A, Peacock SJ, Chand M, Harrison EM. Genomic assessment of quarantine measures to prevent SARS-CoV-2 importation and transmission. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1012. [PMID: 35197443 PMCID: PMC8866425 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28371-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitigation of SARS-CoV-2 transmission from international travel is a priority. We evaluated the effectiveness of travellers being required to quarantine for 14-days on return to England in Summer 2020. We identified 4,207 travel-related SARS-CoV-2 cases and their contacts, and identified 827 associated SARS-CoV-2 genomes. Overall, quarantine was associated with a lower rate of contacts, and the impact of quarantine was greatest in the 16-20 age-group. 186 SARS-CoV-2 genomes were sufficiently unique to identify travel-related clusters. Fewer genomically-linked cases were observed for index cases who returned from countries with quarantine requirement compared to countries with no quarantine requirement. This difference was explained by fewer importation events per identified genome for these cases, as opposed to fewer onward contacts per case. Overall, our study demonstrates that a 14-day quarantine period reduces, but does not completely eliminate, the onward transmission of imported cases, mainly by dissuading travel to countries with a quarantine requirement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh Aggarwal
- University of Cambridge, Department of Medicine, Cambridge, UK.
- Public Health England, 61 Colindale Ave, London, NW9 5EQ, UK.
- Cambridge University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK.
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Andrew J Page
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UQ, UK
| | - Ulf Schaefer
- Public Health England, 61 Colindale Ave, London, NW9 5EQ, UK
| | - George M Savva
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UQ, UK
| | - Richard Myers
- Public Health England, 61 Colindale Ave, London, NW9 5EQ, UK
| | - Erik Volz
- Imperial College London, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London, UK
| | - Nicholas Ellaby
- Public Health England, 61 Colindale Ave, London, NW9 5EQ, UK
| | - Steven Platt
- Public Health England, 61 Colindale Ave, London, NW9 5EQ, UK
| | - Natalie Groves
- Public Health England, 61 Colindale Ave, London, NW9 5EQ, UK
| | | | - Niamh M Tumelty
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge University Libraries, Cambridge, UK
| | - Thanh Le Viet
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UQ, UK
| | - Gareth J Hughes
- Public Health England National Infections Service, Field Service, Leeds, UK
| | - Cong Chen
- Public Health England, 61 Colindale Ave, London, NW9 5EQ, UK
| | - Charlie Turner
- Public Health England, 61 Colindale Ave, London, NW9 5EQ, UK
| | - Sophie Logan
- Public Health England, National Infections Service, Field Service, Nottingham, UK
| | - Abbie Harrison
- Public Health England, 61 Colindale Ave, London, NW9 5EQ, UK
| | - Sharon J Peacock
- University of Cambridge, Department of Medicine, Cambridge, UK
- Public Health England, 61 Colindale Ave, London, NW9 5EQ, UK
- Cambridge University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Meera Chand
- Public Health England, 61 Colindale Ave, London, NW9 5EQ, UK
| | - Ewan M Harrison
- University of Cambridge, Department of Medicine, Cambridge, UK.
- Public Health England, 61 Colindale Ave, London, NW9 5EQ, UK.
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK.
- University of Cambridge, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Cambridge, UK.
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11
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Sojobi AO, Zayed T. Impact of sewer overflow on public health: A comprehensive scientometric analysis and systematic review. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 203:111609. [PMID: 34216613 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Sewer overflow (SO), which has attracted global attention, poses serious threat to public health and ecosystem. SO impacts public health via consumption of contaminated drinking water, aerosolization of pathogens, food-chain transmission, and direct contact with fecally-polluted rivers and beach sediments during recreation. However, no study has attempted to map the linkage between SO and public health including Covid-19 using scientometric analysis and systematic review of literature. Results showed that only few countries were actively involved in SO research in relation to public health. Furthermore, there are renewed calls to scale up environmental surveillance to safeguard public health. To safeguard public health, it is important for public health authorities to optimize water and wastewater treatment plants and improve building ventilation and plumbing systems to minimize pathogen transmission within buildings and transportation systems. In addition, health authorities should formulate appropriate policies that can enhance environmental surveillance and facilitate real-time monitoring of sewer overflow. Increased public awareness on strict personal hygiene and point-of-use-water-treatment such as boiling drinking water will go a long way to safeguard public health. Ecotoxicological studies and health risk assessment of exposure to pathogens via different transmission routes is also required to appropriately inform the use of lockdowns, minimize their socio-economic impact and guide evidence-based welfare/social policy interventions. Soft infrastructures, optimized sewer maintenance and prescreening of sewer overflow are recommended to reduce stormwater burden on wastewater treatment plant, curtail pathogen transmission and marine plastic pollution. Comprehensive, integrated surveillance and global collaborative efforts are important to curtail on-going Covid-19 pandemic and improve resilience against future pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tarek Zayed
- Department of Building and Real Estate, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China.
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12
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Brüningk SC, Klatt J, Stange M, Mari A, Brunner M, Roloff TC, Seth-Smith HMB, Schweitzer M, Leuzinger K, Søgaard KK, Albertos Torres D, Gensch A, Schlotterbeck AK, Nickel CH, Ritz N, Heininger U, Bielicki J, Rentsch K, Fuchs S, Bingisser R, Siegemund M, Pargger H, Ciardo D, Dubuis O, Buser A, Tschudin-Sutter S, Battegay M, Schneider-Sliwa R, Borgwardt KM, Hirsch HH, Egli A. OUP accepted manuscript. Virus Evol 2022; 8:veac002. [PMID: 35310621 PMCID: PMC8927799 DOI: 10.1093/ve/veac002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Transmission chains within small urban areas (accommodating ∼30 per cent of the European population) greatly contribute to case burden and economic impact during the ongoing coronavirus pandemic and should be a focus for preventive measures to achieve containment. Here, at very high spatio-temporal resolution, we analysed determinants of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) transmission in a European urban area, Basel-City (Switzerland). We combined detailed epidemiological, intra-city mobility and socio-economic data sets with whole-genome sequencing during the first SARS-CoV-2 wave. For this, we succeeded in sequencing 44 per cent of all reported cases from Basel-City and performed phylogenetic clustering and compartmental modelling based on the dominating viral variant (B.1-C15324T; 60 per cent of cases) to identify drivers and patterns of transmission. Based on these results we simulated vaccination scenarios and corresponding healthcare system burden (intensive care unit (ICU) occupancy). Transmissions were driven by socio-economically weaker and highly mobile population groups with mostly cryptic transmissions which lacked genetic and identifiable epidemiological links. Amongst more senior population transmission was clustered. Simulated vaccination scenarios assuming 60–90 per cent transmission reduction and 70–90 per cent reduction of severe cases showed that prioritising mobile, socio-economically weaker populations for vaccination would effectively reduce case numbers. However, long-term ICU occupation would also be effectively reduced if senior population groups were prioritised, provided there were no changes in testing and prevention strategies. Reducing SARS-CoV-2 transmission through vaccination strongly depends on the efficacy of the deployed vaccine. A combined strategy of protecting risk groups by extensive testing coupled with vaccination of the drivers of transmission (i.e. highly mobile groups) would be most effective at reducing the spread of SARS-CoV-2 within an urban area.
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13
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Li J, Lai S, Gao GF, Shi W. The emergence, genomic diversity and global spread of SARS-CoV-2. Nature 2021; 600:408-418. [PMID: 34880490 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-04188-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 251] [Impact Index Per Article: 62.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Since the first cases of COVID-19 were documented in Wuhan, China in 2019, the world has witnessed a devastating global pandemic, with more than 238 million cases, nearly 5 million fatalities and the daily number of people infected increasing rapidly. Here we describe the currently available data on the emergence of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, the causative agent of COVID-19, outline the early viral spread in Wuhan and its transmission patterns in China and across the rest of the world, and highlight how genomic surveillance, together with other data such as those on human mobility, has helped to trace the spread and genetic variation of the virus and has also comprised a key element for the control of the pandemic. We pay particular attention to characterizing and describing the international spread of the major variants of concern of SARS-CoV-2 that were first identified in late 2020 and demonstrate that virus evolution has entered a new phase. More broadly, we highlight our currently limited understanding of coronavirus diversity in nature, the rapid spread of the virus and its variants in such an increasingly connected world, the reduced protection of vaccines, and the urgent need for coordinated global surveillance using genomic techniques. In summary, we provide important information for the prevention and control of both the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic and any new diseases that will inevitably emerge in the human population in future generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Li
- School of Public Health, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai'an, China.,Key Laboratory of Etiology and Epidemiology of Emerging Infectious Diseases in the Universities of Shandong, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai'an, China
| | - Shengjie Lai
- WorldPop, School of Geography and Environmental Science, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - George F Gao
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, Beijing, China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology,, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Center for Influenza Research and Early-warning (CASCIRE), CAS-TWAS Center of Excellence for Emerging Infectious Diseases (CEEID), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Weifeng Shi
- School of Public Health, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai'an, China. .,Key Laboratory of Etiology and Epidemiology of Emerging Infectious Diseases in the Universities of Shandong, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai'an, China.
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14
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Sant’Anna FH, Muterle Varela AP, Prichula J, Comerlato J, Comerlato CB, Roglio VS, Mendes Pereira GF, Moreno F, Seixas A, Wendland EM. Emergence of the novel SARS-CoV-2 lineage VUI-NP13L and massive spread of P.2 in South Brazil. Emerg Microbes Infect 2021; 10:1431-1440. [PMID: 34184973 PMCID: PMC8284128 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2021.1949948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we analyzed 340 whole genomes of SARS-CoV-2, which were sampled between April and November 2020 in 33 cities of Rio Grande do Sul, South Brazil. We demonstrated the circulation of two novel emergent lineages, VUI-NP13L and VUI-NP13L-like, and five major lineages that had already been assigned (B.1.1.33, B.1.1.28, P.2, B.1.91, B.1.195). P.2 and VUI-NP13L demonstrated a massive spread in October 2020. Constant and consistent genomic surveillance is crucial to identify newly emerging SARS-CoV-2 lineages in Brazil and to guide decision making in the Brazilian Public Healthcare System.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ana Paula Muterle Varela
- Graduate Program in Biosciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Janira Prichula
- Graduate Program in Biosciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Flávia Moreno
- Department of Chronic Conditions and Sexually Transmitted Infections, Ministry of Health, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Adriana Seixas
- Graduate Program in Biosciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Eliana Márcia Wendland
- Hospital Moinhos de Vento, PROADI – SUS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Department of Community Health, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
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15
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Abstract
Here, we report the genome sequences of five severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) strains that were obtained from symptomatic individuals with travel histories during community surveillance in the Dominican Republic in 2020. These sequences provide a starting point for further genomic studies of gene flow and molecular diversity in the Caribbean nation. Phylogenetic analysis suggests that all genomes correspond to the B.1 variant.
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16
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A Global Mutational Profile of SARS-CoV-2: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of 368,316 COVID-19 Patients. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11111224. [PMID: 34833100 PMCID: PMC8620851 DOI: 10.3390/life11111224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Since its first detection in December 2019, more than 232 million cases of COVID-19, including 4.7 million deaths, have been reported by the WHO. The SARS-CoV-2 viral genomes have evolved rapidly worldwide, causing the emergence of new variants. This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to provide a global mutational profile of SARS-CoV-2 from December 2019 to October 2020. The review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA), and a study protocol was lodged with PROSPERO. Data from 62 eligible studies involving 368,316 SARS-CoV-2 genomes were analyzed. The mutational data analyzed showed most studies detected mutations in the Spike protein (n = 50), Nucleocapsid phosphoprotein (n = 34), ORF1ab gene (n = 29), 5′-UTR (n = 28) and ORF3a (n = 25). Under the random-effects model, pooled prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 variants was estimated at 95.1% (95% CI; 93.3–96.4%; I2 = 98.952%; p = 0.000) while subgroup meta-analysis by country showed majority of the studies were conducted ‘Worldwide’ (n = 10), followed by ‘Multiple countries’ (n = 6) and the USA (n = 5). The estimated prevalence indicated a need to continuously monitor the prevalence of new mutations due to their potential influence on disease severity, transmissibility and vaccine effectiveness.
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17
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Liu H, Li J, Lin Y, Bo X, Song H, Li K, Li P, Ni M. Assessment of two-pool multiplex long-amplicon nanopore sequencing of SARS-CoV-2. J Med Virol 2021; 94:327-334. [PMID: 34524690 PMCID: PMC8662006 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.27336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Genomic surveillance of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) plays an important role in COVID‐19 pandemic control and elimination efforts, especially by elucidating its global transmission network and illustrating its viral evolution. The deployment of multiplex PCR assays that target SARS‐CoV‐2 followed by either massively parallel or nanopore sequencing is a widely‐used strategy to obtain genome sequences from primary samples. However, multiplex PCR‐based sequencing carries an inherent bias of sequencing depth among different amplicons, which may cause uneven coverage. Here we developed a two‐pool, long‐amplicon 36‐plex PCR primer panel with ~1000‐bp amplicon lengths for full‐genome sequencing of SARS‐CoV‐2. We validated the panel by assessing nasopharyngeal swab samples with a <30 quantitative reverse transcription PCR cycle threshold value and found that ≥90% of viral genomes could be covered with high sequencing depths (≥20% mean depth). In comparison, the widely‐used ARTIC panel yielded 79%–88% high‐depth genome regions. We estimated that ~5 Mbp nanopore sequencing data may ensure a >95% viral genome coverage with a ≥10‐fold depth and may generate reliable genomes at consensus sequence levels. Nanopore sequencing yielded false‐positive variations with frequencies of supporting reads <0.8, and the sequencing errors mostly occurred on the 5′ or 3′ ends of reads. Thus, nanopore sequencing could not elucidate intra‐host viral diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjie Liu
- Department of Biotechnology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jinhui Li
- Department of Bio-security, Chinese PLA Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Yanfeng Lin
- Department of Bio-security, Chinese PLA Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.,Graduate School, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaochen Bo
- Department of Biotechnology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Hongbin Song
- Department of Bio-security, Chinese PLA Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Kuibiao Li
- Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology, Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Peng Li
- Department of Bio-security, Chinese PLA Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Ni
- Department of Biotechnology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
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18
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Meng Z, Guo S, Zhou Y, Li M, Wang M, Ying B. Applications of laboratory findings in the prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring of COVID-19. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2021; 6:316. [PMID: 34433805 PMCID: PMC8386162 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-021-00731-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The worldwide pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) presents us with a serious public health crisis. To combat the virus and slow its spread, wider testing is essential. There is a need for more sensitive, specific, and convenient detection methods of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Advanced detection can greatly improve the ability and accuracy of the clinical diagnosis of COVID-19, which is conducive to the early suitable treatment and supports precise prophylaxis. In this article, we combine and present the latest laboratory diagnostic technologies and methods for SARS-CoV-2 to identify the technical characteristics, considerations, biosafety requirements, common problems with testing and interpretation of results, and coping strategies of commonly used testing methods. We highlight the gaps in current diagnostic capacity and propose potential solutions to provide cutting-edge technical support to achieve a more precise diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of COVID-19 and to overcome the difficulties with the normalization of epidemic prevention and control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zirui Meng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Shuo Guo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yanbing Zhou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Mengjiao Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Minjin Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Binwu Ying
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China.
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19
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Jaroszewski L, Iyer M, Alisoltani A, Sedova M, Godzik A. The interplay of SARS-CoV-2 evolution and constraints imposed by the structure and functionality of its proteins. PLoS Comput Biol 2021; 17:e1009147. [PMID: 34237054 PMCID: PMC8291704 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1009147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The unprecedented pace of the sequencing of the SARS-CoV-2 virus genomes provides us with unique information about the genetic changes in a single pathogen during ongoing pandemic. By the analysis of close to 200,000 genomes we show that the patterns of the SARS-CoV-2 virus mutations along its genome are closely correlated with the structural and functional features of the encoded proteins. Requirements of foldability of proteins' 3D structures and the conservation of their key functional regions, such as protein-protein interaction interfaces, are the dominant factors driving evolutionary selection in protein-coding genes. At the same time, avoidance of the host immunity leads to the abundance of mutations in other regions, resulting in high variability of the missense mutation rate along the genome. "Unexplained" peaks and valleys in the mutation rate provide hints on function for yet uncharacterized genomic regions and specific protein structural and functional features they code for. Some of these observations have immediate practical implications for the selection of target regions for PCR-based COVID-19 tests and for evaluating the risk of mutations in epitopes targeted by specific antibodies and vaccine design strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukasz Jaroszewski
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California Riverside School of Medicine, Riverside, California, United States of America
| | - Mallika Iyer
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Arghavan Alisoltani
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California Riverside School of Medicine, Riverside, California, United States of America
| | - Mayya Sedova
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California Riverside School of Medicine, Riverside, California, United States of America
| | - Adam Godzik
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California Riverside School of Medicine, Riverside, California, United States of America
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20
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Miao M, Clercq ED, Li G. Genetic Diversity of SARS-CoV-2 over a One-Year Period of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Global Perspective. Biomedicines 2021; 9:412. [PMID: 33920487 PMCID: PMC8069977 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9040412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) caused a global pandemic of coronavirus disease in 2019 (COVID-19). Genome surveillance is a key method to track the spread of SARS-CoV-2 variants. Genetic diversity and evolution of SARS-CoV-2 were analyzed based on 260,673 whole-genome sequences, which were sampled from 62 countries between 24 December 2019 and 12 January 2021. We found that amino acid (AA) substitutions were observed in all SARS-CoV-2 proteins, and the top six proteins with the highest substitution rates were ORF10, nucleocapsid, ORF3a, spike glycoprotein, RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, and ORF8. Among 25,629 amino acid substitutions at 8484 polymorphic sites across the coding region of the SARS-CoV-2 genome, the D614G (93.88%) variant in spike and the P323L (93.74%) variant in RNA-dependent RNA polymerase were the dominant variants on six continents. As of January 2021, the genomic sequences of SARS-CoV-2 could be divided into at least 12 different clades. Distributions of SARS-CoV-2 clades were featured with temporal and geographical dynamics on six continents. Overall, this large-scale analysis provides a detailed mapping of SARS-CoV-2 variants in different geographic areas at different time points, highlighting the importance of evaluating highly prevalent variants in the development of SARS-CoV-2 antiviral drugs and vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Miao
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China;
| | - Erik De Clercq
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium;
| | - Guangdi Li
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China;
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21
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Zhang J, Ding N, Ren L, Song R, Chen D, Zhao X, Chen B, Han J, Li J, Song Y, Di L, Han K, Yu F, Xie R, Chen Z, Xie W, Liu J, Cen S, Bi Y, Wu AR, Zhang F, Chen C, Zeng H. COVID-19 reinfection in the presence of neutralizing antibodies. Natl Sci Rev 2021; 8:nwab006. [PMID: 34676097 PMCID: PMC7928639 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwab006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
After a short recovery period, COVID-19 reinfections could occur in convalescent patients, even those with measurable levels of neutralizing antibodies. Effective vaccinations and protective public health measures are recommended for the convalescent COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Zhang
- Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases,
China
| | - Nan Ding
- Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases,
China
| | - Lili Ren
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens and Christophe Mérieux
Laboratory, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and
Peking Union Medical College, China
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease Pathogenomics, Chinese Academy of
Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, China
| | - Rui Song
- Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, China
| | - Danying Chen
- Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases,
China
| | - Xuesen Zhao
- Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases,
China
| | - Budong Chen
- Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, China
| | - Junyan Han
- Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases,
China
| | - Jiarui Li
- Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases,
China
| | - Yangzi Song
- Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases,
China
| | - Lin Di
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics, Biomedical Pioneering
Innovation Center, Peking University, China
| | - Kai Han
- Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases,
China
| | - Fengting Yu
- Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, China
| | - Ruming Xie
- Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, China
| | - Zhihai Chen
- Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, China
| | - Wen Xie
- Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, China
| | - Jingyuan Liu
- Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, China
| | - Shan Cen
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences
and Peking Union Medical School, China
| | - Yuhai Bi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of
Microbiology, Center for Influenza Research and Early-Warning (CASCIRE), CAS-TWAS
Center of Excellence for Emerging Infectious Diseases (CEEID), Chinese Academy of
Sciences, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Angela R Wu
- Division of Life Science and Department of Chemical and Biological
Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, China
| | - Fujie Zhang
- Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases,
China
| | - Hui Zeng
- Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases,
China
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22
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Pereira NL, Ahmad F, Byku M, Cummins NW, Morris AA, Owens A, Tuteja S, Cresci S. COVID-19: Understanding Inter-Individual Variability and Implications for Precision Medicine. Mayo Clin Proc 2021; 96:446-463. [PMID: 33549263 PMCID: PMC7713605 DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2020.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is characterized by heterogeneity in susceptibility to the disease and severity of illness. Understanding inter-individual variation has important implications for not only allocation of resources but also targeting patients for escalation of care, inclusion in clinical trials, and individualized medical therapy including vaccination. In addition to geographic location and social vulnerability, there are clear biological differences such as age, sex, race, presence of comorbidities, underlying genetic variation, and differential immune response that contribute to variability in disease manifestation. These differences may have implications for precision medicine. Specific examples include the observation that androgens regulate the expression of the enzyme transmembrane protease, serine 2 which facilitates severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 viral entry into the cell; therefore, androgen deprivation therapy is being explored as a treatment option in males infected with COVID-19. An immunophenotyping study of COVID-19 patients has shown that a subset develop T cytopenia which has prompted a clinical trial that is testing the efficacy of interleukin-7 in these patients. Predicting which COVID-19 patients will develop progressive disease that will require hospitalization has important implications for clinical trials that target outpatients. Enrollment of patients at low risk for progression of disease and hospitalization would likely not result in such therapy demonstrating efficacy. There are efforts to use artificial intelligence to integrate digital data from smartwatch applications or digital monitoring systems and biological data to enable identification of the high risk COVID-19 patient. The ultimate goal of precision medicine using such modern technology is to recognize individual differences to improve health for all.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveen L Pereira
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.
| | - Ferhaan Ahmad
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine Iowa City, IA
| | - Mirnela Byku
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | | | | | - Anjali Owens
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Sony Tuteja
- Division of Translational Medicine and Human Genetics, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Sharon Cresci
- Department of Medicine and Genetics, Washington University, St Louis, MO
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