1
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Ruiz-Mateos Serrano R, Aguzin A, Mitoudi-Vagourdi E, Tao X, Naegele TE, Jin AT, Lopez-Larrea N, Picchio ML, Vinicio Alban-Paccha M, Minari RJ, Mecerreyes D, Dominguez-Alfaro A, Malliaras GG. 3D printed PEDOT:PSS-based conducting and patternable eutectogel electrodes for machine learning on textiles. Biomaterials 2024; 310:122624. [PMID: 38805956 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2024.122624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
The proliferation of medical wearables necessitates the development of novel electrodes for cutaneous electrophysiology. In this work, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) is combined with a deep eutectic solvent (DES) and polyethylene glycol diacrylate (PEGDA) to develop printable and biocompatible electrodes for long-term cutaneous electrophysiology recordings. The impact of printing parameters on the conducting properties, morphological characteristics, mechanical stability and biocompatibility of the material were investigated. The optimised eutectogel formulations were fabricated in four different patterns -flat, pyramidal, striped and wavy- to explore the influence of electrode geometry on skin conformability and mechanical contact. These electrodes were employed for impedance and forearm EMG measurements. Furthermore, arrays of twenty electrodes were embedded into a textile and used to generate body surface potential maps (BSPMs) of the forearm, where different finger movements were recorded and analysed. Finally, BSPMs for three different letters (B, I, O) in sign-language were recorded and used to train a logistic regressor classifier able to reliably identify each letter. This novel cutaneous electrode fabrication approach offers new opportunities for long-term electrophysiological recordings, online sign-language translation and brain-machine interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruben Ruiz-Mateos Serrano
- Electrical Engineering Division, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, 9 JJ Thomson Ave, Cambridge, CB3 0FA, UK
| | - Ana Aguzin
- Group of Polymers and Polymerization Reactors, INTEC, National University of the Litoral - CONICET, Güemes 3450, Santa Fe, 3000, Argentina
| | - Eleni Mitoudi-Vagourdi
- Electrical Engineering Division, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, 9 JJ Thomson Ave, Cambridge, CB3 0FA, UK
| | - Xudong Tao
- Electrical Engineering Division, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, 9 JJ Thomson Ave, Cambridge, CB3 0FA, UK
| | - Tobias E Naegele
- Electrical Engineering Division, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, 9 JJ Thomson Ave, Cambridge, CB3 0FA, UK
| | - Amy T Jin
- Electrical Engineering Division, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, 9 JJ Thomson Ave, Cambridge, CB3 0FA, UK
| | - Naroa Lopez-Larrea
- POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Avenida Tolosa 72, Donostia-San Sebastián, Gipuzkoa, 20018, Spain
| | - Matías L Picchio
- POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Avenida Tolosa 72, Donostia-San Sebastián, Gipuzkoa, 20018, Spain; Group of Polymers and Polymerization Reactors, INTEC, National University of the Litoral - CONICET, Güemes 3450, Santa Fe, 3000, Argentina
| | - Marco Vinicio Alban-Paccha
- Electrical Engineering Division, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, 9 JJ Thomson Ave, Cambridge, CB3 0FA, UK; Division of Anaesthesia, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge, UK
| | - Roque J Minari
- Group of Polymers and Polymerization Reactors, INTEC, National University of the Litoral - CONICET, Güemes 3450, Santa Fe, 3000, Argentina
| | - David Mecerreyes
- POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Avenida Tolosa 72, Donostia-San Sebastián, Gipuzkoa, 20018, Spain; IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48009, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Antonio Dominguez-Alfaro
- Electrical Engineering Division, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, 9 JJ Thomson Ave, Cambridge, CB3 0FA, UK.
| | - George G Malliaras
- Electrical Engineering Division, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, 9 JJ Thomson Ave, Cambridge, CB3 0FA, UK.
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2
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Zhu C, Gemeda HB, Duoss EB, Spadaccini CM. Toward Multiscale, Multimaterial 3D Printing. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2314204. [PMID: 38775924 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202314204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Biological materials and organisms possess the fundamental ability to self-organize, through which different components are assembled from the molecular level up to hierarchical structures with superior mechanical properties and multifunctionalities. These complex composites inspire material scientists to design new engineered materials by integrating multiple ingredients and structures over a wide range. Additive manufacturing, also known as 3D printing, has advantages with respect to fabricating multiscale and multi-material structures. The need for multifunctional materials is driving 3D printing techniques toward arbitrary 3D architectures with the next level of complexity. In this paper, the aim is to highlight key features of those 3D printing techniques that can produce either multiscale or multimaterial structures, including innovations in printing methods, materials processing approaches, and hardware improvements. Several issues and challenges related to current methods are discussed. Ultimately, the authors also provide their perspective on how to realize the combination of multiscale and multimaterial capabilities in 3D printing processes and future directions based on emerging research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Zhu
- Center for Engineered Materials and Manufacturing, Materials Engineering Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA, 94550, USA
| | - Hawi B Gemeda
- Center for Engineered Materials and Manufacturing, Materials Engineering Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA, 94550, USA
| | - Eric B Duoss
- Center for Engineered Materials and Manufacturing, Materials Engineering Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA, 94550, USA
| | - Christopher M Spadaccini
- Center for Engineered Materials and Manufacturing, Materials Engineering Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA, 94550, USA
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3
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Chae S, Choi WJ, Nebel LJ, Cho CH, Besford QA, Knapp A, Makushko P, Zabila Y, Pylypovskyi O, Jeong MW, Avdoshenko S, Sander O, Makarov D, Chung YJ, Fery A, Oh JY, Lee TI. Kinetically controlled metal-elastomer nanophases for environmentally resilient stretchable electronics. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3071. [PMID: 38594231 PMCID: PMC11004024 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47223-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Nanophase mixtures, leveraging the complementary strengths of each component, are vital for composites to overcome limitations posed by single elemental materials. Among these, metal-elastomer nanophases are particularly important, holding various practical applications for stretchable electronics. However, the methodology and understanding of nanophase mixing metals and elastomers are limited due to difficulties in blending caused by thermodynamic incompatibility. Here, we present a controlled method using kinetics to mix metal atoms with elastomeric chains on the nanoscale. We find that the chain migration flux and metal deposition rate are key factors, allowing the formation of reticular nanophases when kinetically in-phase. Moreover, we observe spontaneous structural evolution, resulting in gyrified structures akin to the human brain. The hybridized gyrified reticular nanophases exhibit strain-invariant metallic electrical conductivity up to 156% areal strain, unparalleled durability in organic solvents and aqueous environments with pH 2-13, and high mechanical robustness, a prerequisite for environmentally resilient devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soosang Chae
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Institute of Physical Chemistry and Polymer Physics, Hohe Str. 6, 01069, Dresden, Germany
- School of Energy Materials and Chemical Engineering, Korea University of Technology and Education, Cheonan, 31253, South Korea
| | - Won Jin Choi
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Ave., Livermore, CA, 94550, USA.
| | - Lisa Julia Nebel
- Institut für Numerische Mathematik, Technische Universität Dresden, Zellescher Weg 12-14, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Chang Hee Cho
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Gachon University, Seong-nam, Gyeonggi 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Quinn A Besford
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Institute of Physical Chemistry and Polymer Physics, Hohe Str. 6, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - André Knapp
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Institute of Physical Chemistry and Polymer Physics, Hohe Str. 6, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Pavlo Makushko
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf e.V., Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Yevhen Zabila
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf e.V., Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Oleksandr Pylypovskyi
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf e.V., Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, 01328, Dresden, Germany
- Kyiv Academic University, 03142, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Min Woo Jeong
- Department of Chemical Engineering (Integrated Engineering Program), Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Stanislav Avdoshenko
- Leibniz-Institut für Festkörper- und Werkstoffforschung e.V., Institute for Solid State Research, Nothnitzer Str. 49A, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Oliver Sander
- Institut für Numerische Mathematik, Technische Universität Dresden, Zellescher Weg 12-14, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Denys Makarov
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf e.V., Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Yoon Jang Chung
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Andreas Fery
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Institute of Physical Chemistry and Polymer Physics, Hohe Str. 6, 01069, Dresden, Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstr. 4, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jin Young Oh
- Department of Chemical Engineering (Integrated Engineering Program), Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104, Republic of Korea.
| | - Tae Il Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Gachon University, Seong-nam, Gyeonggi 13120, Republic of Korea.
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4
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Perera SD, Johnson RM, Pawle R, Elliott J, Tran TM, Gonzalez J, Huffstetler J, Ayers LC, Ganesh V, Senarathna MC, Cortés-Guzmán KP, Dube S, Springfield S, Hancock LF, Lund BR, Smaldone RA. Hierarchically Structured Metal-Organic Framework Polymer Composites for Chemical Warfare Agent Degradation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:10795-10804. [PMID: 38377544 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c19446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have captured the imagination of researchers for their highly tunable properties and many potential applications, including as catalysts for a variety of transformations. Even though MOFs possess significant potential, the challenges associated with processing of these crystalline powders into usable form factors while retaining their functional properties limit their end use applications. Herein, we introduce a new approach to construct MOF-polymer composites via 3D photoprinting to overcome these limitations. We designed photoresin composite formulations that use polymerization-induced phase separation to cause the MOF catalysts to migrate to the surface of the printed material, where they are accessible to substrates such as chemical warfare agents. Using our approach, MOF-polymer composites can be fabricated into nearly any shape or architecture while retaining both the excellent catalytic activity at 10 wt % loading of the MOF components and the flexible, elastomeric mechanical properties of a polymer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachini D Perera
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Rebecca M Johnson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Robert Pawle
- Akita Innovations LLC, 267 Boston Rd., Suite 11, North Billerica, Massachusetts 01862, United States
| | - John Elliott
- Akita Innovations LLC, 267 Boston Rd., Suite 11, North Billerica, Massachusetts 01862, United States
| | - Tien M Tran
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Jasmine Gonzalez
- Adaptive3D, 1122 Alma Road, Richardson, Texas 75081, United States
| | | | - Lyndsay C Ayers
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Vijayalakshmi Ganesh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Milinda C Senarathna
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Karen P Cortés-Guzmán
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Soumik Dube
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Samantha Springfield
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Lawrence F Hancock
- Akita Innovations LLC, 267 Boston Rd., Suite 11, North Billerica, Massachusetts 01862, United States
| | - Benjamin R Lund
- Adaptive3D, 1122 Alma Road, Richardson, Texas 75081, United States
| | - Ronald A Smaldone
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
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5
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Shi X, Yao Y, Zhang J, Corrigan N, Boyer C. Polymerization Induced Microphase Separation of ABC Triblock Copolymers for 3D Printing Nanostructured Materials. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023:e2305268. [PMID: 37661582 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202305268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Polymerization-induced microphase separation (PIMS) is a versatile technique for producing nanostructured materials. In previous PIMS studies, the predominant approach involved employing homopolymers as macromolecular chain transfer agents (macroCTAs) to mediate the formation of nanostructured materials. In this article, the use of AB diblock copolymers as macroCTAs to design PIMS systems for 3D printing of nanostructured materials is investigated. Specifically, the influence of diblock copolymer composition and block sequence on the resulting nanostructures, and their subsequent impact on bulk properties is systematically investigated. Through careful manipulation of the A/B block ratios, the morphology and size of the nanodomains are successfully controlled. Remarkably, the sequence of A and B blocks significantly affects the microphase separation process, resulting in distinct morphologies. The effect can be attributed to changes in the interaction parameters (χAB , χBC , χAC ) between the different block segments. Furthermore, the block sequence and composition exert profound influence on the thermomechanical, tensile, and swelling properties of 3D printed nanostructured materials. By leveraging this knowledge, it becomes possible to design advanced 3D printable materials with tailored properties, opening new avenues for material engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobing Shi
- Cluster for Advanced Macromolecular Design, School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Yin Yao
- Electron Microscope Unit, Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Jin Zhang
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Nathaniel Corrigan
- Cluster for Advanced Macromolecular Design, School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
- Australian Centre for Nanomedicine, School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Cyrille Boyer
- Cluster for Advanced Macromolecular Design, School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
- Australian Centre for Nanomedicine, School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
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6
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Ong JJ, Chow YL, Gaisford S, Cook MT, Swift T, Telford R, Rimmer S, Qin Y, Mai Y, Goyanes A, Basit AW. Supramolecular chemistry enables vat photopolymerization 3D printing of novel water-soluble tablets. Int J Pharm 2023; 643:123286. [PMID: 37532009 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Vat photopolymerization has garnered interest from pharmaceutical researchers for the fabrication of personalised medicines, especially for drugs that require high precision dosing or are heat labile. However, the 3D printed structures created thus far have been insoluble, limiting printable dosage forms to sustained-release systems or drug-eluting medical devices which do not require dissolution of the printed matrix. Resins that produce water-soluble structures will enable more versatile drug release profiles and expand potential applications. To achieve this, instead of employing cross-linking chemistry to fabricate matrices, supramolecular chemistry may be used to impart dynamic interaction between polymer chains. In this study, water-soluble drug-loaded printlets (3D printed tablets) are fabricated via digital light processing (DLP) 3DP for the first time. Six formulations with varying ratios of an electrolyte acrylate monomer, [2-(acryloyloxy)ethyl]trimethylammonium chloride (TMAEA), and a co-monomer, 1-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone (NVP), were prepared to produce paracetamol-loaded printlets. 1H NMR spectroscopy analysis confirmed the integration of TMAEA and NVP in the polymer, and residual TMAEA monomers were found to be present only in trace amounts (0.71 - 1.37 %w/w). The apparent molecular mass of the photopolymerised polymer was found to exceed 300,000 Da with hydrodynamic radii of 15 - 20 nm, estimated based on 1H DOSY NMR measurements The loaded paracetamol was completely released from the printlets between 45 minutes to 5 hours. In vivo single-dose acute toxicity studies in rats suggest that the printlets did not cause any tissue damage. The findings reported in this study represent a significant step towards the adoption of vat photopolymerization-based 3DP to produce personalised medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Jie Ong
- Department of Pharmaceutics, UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK
| | - Yee Lam Chow
- Department of Pharmaceutics, UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK
| | - Simon Gaisford
- Department of Pharmaceutics, UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK
| | - Michael T Cook
- Department of Pharmaceutics, UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK
| | - Thomas Swift
- School of Chemistry and Biosciences, University of Bradford, Richmond Road, BD7 1DP, UK
| | - Richard Telford
- School of Chemistry and Biosciences, University of Bradford, Richmond Road, BD7 1DP, UK
| | - Stephen Rimmer
- School of Chemistry and Biosciences, University of Bradford, Richmond Road, BD7 1DP, UK
| | - Yujia Qin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Yang Mai
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Alvaro Goyanes
- Department of Pharmaceutics, UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK; FabRx Ltd., 3 Romney Road, Ashford, Kent TN24 0RW, UK; Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, I+D Farma (GI-1645), Facultad de Farmacia, Instituto de Materiales (iMATUS) and Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Spain
| | - Abdul W Basit
- Department of Pharmaceutics, UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK; FabRx Ltd., 3 Romney Road, Ashford, Kent TN24 0RW, UK.
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7
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Xu X, Zhao Y, Liu Y. Wearable Electronics Based on Stretchable Organic Semiconductors. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2206309. [PMID: 36794301 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202206309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 12/25/2022] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Wearable electronics are attracting increasing interest due to the emerging Internet of Things (IoT). Compared to their inorganic counterparts, stretchable organic semiconductors (SOSs) are promising candidates for wearable electronics due to their excellent properties, including light weight, stretchability, dissolubility, compatibility with flexible substrates, easy tuning of electrical properties, low cost, and low temperature solution processability for large-area printing. Considerable efforts have been dedicated to the fabrication of SOS-based wearable electronics and their potential applications in various areas, including chemical sensors, organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs), organic photodiodes (OPDs), and organic photovoltaics (OPVs), have been demonstrated. In this review, some recent advances of SOS-based wearable electronics based on the classification by device functionality and potential applications are presented. In addition, a conclusion and potential challenges for further development of SOS-based wearable electronics are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinzhao Xu
- Laboratory of Molecular Materials and Devices, Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Laboratory of Molecular Materials and Devices, Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Yunqi Liu
- Laboratory of Molecular Materials and Devices, Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
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8
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Wu H, Wang Q, Wu Z, Wang M, Yang L, Liu Z, Wu S, Su B, Yan C, Shi Y. Multi-Material Additively Manufactured Magnetoelectric Architectures with a Structure-Dependent Mechanical-to-Electrical Conversion Capability. SMALL METHODS 2022; 6:e2201127. [PMID: 36307387 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202201127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Multi-material additive manufacturing has become a promising trend in fabricating advanced functional architectures due to its controllable design of diverse material species and novel structures. It remains challenging to endow the multi-material components with a mechanical-to-electrical conversion capability. This study reports on multi-material selectively laser sintered magnetoelectric architectures that can convert mechanical energy to electricity in a structure-dependent manner. The principal aim is to establish a relationship between the electrical output and the printed structures by fabricating a series of porous architectures with diverse structural parameters. The findings show that the output voltage increases with the decrease of the elastic modulus and the increase of the magnetic height, which has been analyzed by numerical simulation. Owing to the mechanical-to-electrical conversion capability, a pair of multi-material printed sneakers with the functionalities of power generation and gait analysis has been prepared. The voltage output reaches as high as ≈2 V, which can lighten a light-emitting diode lamp when a user is running. The described solution in this work has offered an exploration framework for the design, fabrication, and application prospects of multi-material additively manufactured architectures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongzhi Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Qi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Engineering and Technology, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Zhenhua Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Mingzhe Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Lei Yang
- School of Logistics Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430063, P. R. China
| | - Zhufeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Siqi Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Bin Su
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Chunze Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Yusheng Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
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9
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Shi X, Bobrin VA, Yao Y, Zhang J, Corrigan N, Boyer C. Designing Nanostructured 3D Printed Materials by Controlling Macromolecular Architecture. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202206272. [PMID: 35732587 PMCID: PMC9544629 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202206272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Nanostructured polymeric materials play important roles in many advanced applications, however, controlling the morphologies of polymeric thermosets remains a challenge. This work uses multi-arm macroCTAs to mediate polymerization-induced microphase separation (PIMS) and prepare nanostructured materials via photoinduced 3D printing. The characteristic length scale of microphase-separated domains is determined by the macroCTA arm length, while nanoscale morphologies are controlled by the macroCTA architecture. Specifically, using 2- and 4- arm macroCTAs provides materials with different morphologies compared to analogous monofunctional linear macroCTAs at similar compositions. The mechanical properties of these nanostructured thermosets can also be tuned while maintaining the desired morphologies. Using multi-arm macroCTAs can thus broaden the scope of accessible nanostructures for extended applications, including the fabrication of actuators and potential drug delivery devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobing Shi
- Cluster for Advanced Macromolecular Design and Australian Centre for NanomedicineSchool of Chemical EngineeringUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNSW 2052Australia
| | - Valentin A. Bobrin
- Cluster for Advanced Macromolecular Design and Australian Centre for NanomedicineSchool of Chemical EngineeringUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNSW 2052Australia
| | - Yin Yao
- Electron Microscope UnitMark Wainwright Analytical CentreUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNSW 2052Australia
| | - Jin Zhang
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing EngineeringUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNSW 2052Australia
| | - Nathaniel Corrigan
- Cluster for Advanced Macromolecular Design and Australian Centre for NanomedicineSchool of Chemical EngineeringUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNSW 2052Australia
| | - Cyrille Boyer
- Cluster for Advanced Macromolecular Design and Australian Centre for NanomedicineSchool of Chemical EngineeringUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNSW 2052Australia
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10
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Shi X, Bobrin VA, Yao Y, Zhang J, Corrigan N, Boyer CAJM. Designing Nanostructured 3D Printed Materials by Controlling Macromolecular Architecture. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202206272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobing Shi
- UNSW: University of New South Wales Chemical Engineering 2031 Sydney AUSTRALIA
| | - Valentin A. Bobrin
- UNSW: University of New South Wales Chemical Engineering School of Chemical Engineering 2031 Sydney AUSTRALIA
| | - Yin Yao
- UNSW: University of New South Wales Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre 2031 Sydney AUSTRALIA
| | - Jin Zhang
- UNSW: University of New South Wales School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering 2031 Sydney AUSTRALIA
| | - Nathaniel Corrigan
- UNSW: University of New South Wales School of Chemical Engineering UNSWSchool of Chemical Engineering 2031 Sydney AUSTRALIA
| | - Cyrille Andre Jean Marie Boyer
- University of New South Wales Chemical Engineering and Australian Centre for Nanomedicine and Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design High streetApplied science building 2052 Sydney AUSTRALIA
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11
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Nano- to macro-scale control of 3D printed materials via polymerization induced microphase separation. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3577. [PMID: 35732624 PMCID: PMC9217958 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31095-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Although 3D printing allows the macroscopic structure of objects to be easily controlled, controlling the nanostructure of 3D printed materials has rarely been reported. Herein, we report an efficient and versatile process for fabricating 3D printed materials with controlled nanoscale structural features. This approach uses resins containing macromolecular chain transfer agents (macroCTAs) which microphase separate during the photoinduced 3D printing process to form nanostructured materials. By varying the chain length of the macroCTA, we demonstrate a high level of control over the microphase separation behavior, resulting in materials with controllable nanoscale sizes and morphologies. Importantly, the bulk mechanical properties of 3D printed objects are correlated with their morphologies; transitioning from discrete globular to interpenetrating domains results in a marked improvement in mechanical performance, which is ascribed to the increased interfacial interaction between soft and hard domains. Overall, the findings of this work enable the simplified production of materials with tightly controllable nanostructures for broad potential applications.
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12
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Marikar SN, El-Osta A, Johnston A, Such G, Al-Hasani K. Microencapsulation-based cell therapies. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:351. [PMID: 35674842 PMCID: PMC9177480 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04369-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Mapping a new therapeutic route can be fraught with challenges, but recent developments in the preparation and properties of small particles combined with significant improvements to tried and tested techniques offer refined cell targeting with tremendous translational potential. Regenerating new cells through the use of compounds that regulate epigenetic pathways represents an attractive approach that is gaining increased attention for the treatment of several diseases including Type 1 Diabetes and cardiomyopathy. However, cells that have been regenerated using epigenetic agents will still encounter immunological barriers as well as limitations associated with their longevity and potency during transplantation. Strategies aimed at protecting these epigenetically regenerated cells from the host immune response include microencapsulation. Microencapsulation can provide new solutions for the treatment of many diseases. In particular, it offers an advantageous method of administering therapeutic materials and molecules that cannot be substituted by pharmacological substances. Promising clinical findings have shown the potential beneficial use of microencapsulation for islet transplantation as well as for cardiac, hepatic, and neuronal repair. For the treatment of diseases such as type I diabetes that requires insulin release regulated by the patient's metabolic needs, microencapsulation may be the most effective therapeutic strategy. However, new materials need to be developed, so that transplanted encapsulated cells are able to survive for longer periods in the host. In this article, we discuss microencapsulation strategies and chart recent progress in nanomedicine that offers new potential for this area in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safiya Naina Marikar
- Epigenetics in Human Health and Disease, Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - Assam El-Osta
- Epigenetics in Human Health and Disease, Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - Angus Johnston
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Georgina Such
- School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Keith Al-Hasani
- Epigenetics in Human Health and Disease, Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia.
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13
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Cho SY, Ho DH, Choi YY, Lim S, Lee S, Suk JW, Jo SB, Cho JH. A general fruit acid chelation route for eco-friendly and ambient 3D printing of metals. Nat Commun 2022; 13:104. [PMID: 35256609 PMCID: PMC8901924 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27730-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractRecent advances in metal additive manufacturing (AM) have provided new opportunities for prompt designs of prototypes and facile personalization of products befitting the fourth industrial revolution. In this regard, its feasibility of becoming a green technology, which is not an inherent aspect of AM, is gaining more interests. A particular interest in adapting and understanding of eco-friendly ingredients can set its important groundworks. Here, we demonstrate a water-based solid-phase binding agent suitable for binder jetting 3D printing of metals. Sodium salts of common fruit acid chelators form stable metal-chelate bridges between metal particles, enabling elaborate 3D printing of metals with improved strengths. Even further reductions in the porosity between the metal particles are possible through post-treatments. A compatibility of this chelation chemistry with variety of metals is also demonstrated. The proposed mechanism for metal 3D printing can open up new avenues for consumer-level personalized 3D printing of metals.
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14
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Haas J, Ulrich F, Hofer C, Wang X, Braun K, Meyer JC. Aligned Stacking of Nanopatterned 2D Materials for High-Resolution 3D Device Fabrication. ACS NANO 2022; 16:1836-1846. [PMID: 35104934 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c09122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional materials can be combined by placing individual layers on top of each other, so that they are bound only by their van der Waals interaction. The sequence of layers can be chosen arbitrarily, enabling an essentially atomic-level control of the material and thereby a wide choice of properties along one dimension. However, simultaneous control over the structure in the in-plane directions is so far still rather limited. Here, we combine spatially controlled modifications of 2D materials, using focused electron irradiation or electron beam induced etching, with the layer-by-layer assembly of van der Waals heterostructures. The presented assembly process makes it possible to structure each layer with an arbitrary pattern prior to the assembly into the heterostructure. Moreover, it enables a stacking of the layers with accurate lateral alignment, with an accuracy of currently 10 nm, under observation in an electron microscope. Together, this enables the fabrication of almost arbitrary 3D structures with highest spatial resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Haas
- Institute of Applied Physics, Eberhard Karls University of Tuebingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 10, D-72076, Tuebingen, Germany
- Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tuebingen, Markwiesenstr. 55, D-72770 Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Finn Ulrich
- Institute of Applied Physics, Eberhard Karls University of Tuebingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 10, D-72076, Tuebingen, Germany
- Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tuebingen, Markwiesenstr. 55, D-72770 Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Christoph Hofer
- Institute of Applied Physics, Eberhard Karls University of Tuebingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 10, D-72076, Tuebingen, Germany
- Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tuebingen, Markwiesenstr. 55, D-72770 Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Xiao Wang
- School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Kai Braun
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Eberhard Karls University of Tuebingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, D-72076, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Jannik C Meyer
- Institute of Applied Physics, Eberhard Karls University of Tuebingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 10, D-72076, Tuebingen, Germany
- Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tuebingen, Markwiesenstr. 55, D-72770 Reutlingen, Germany
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15
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Wang B, Engay E, Stubbe PR, Moghaddam SZ, Thormann E, Almdal K, Islam A, Yang Y. Stiffness control in dual color tomographic volumetric 3D printing. Nat Commun 2022; 13:367. [PMID: 35042893 PMCID: PMC8766567 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28013-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Tomographic volumetric printing (TVP) physically reverses tomography to offer fast and auxiliary-free 3D printing. Here we show that wavelength-sensitive photoresins can be cured using visible ([Formula: see text] nm) and UV ([Formula: see text] nm) sources simultaneously in a TVP setup to generate internal mechanical property gradients with high precision. We develop solutions of mixed acrylate and epoxy monomers and utilize the orthogonal chemistry between free radical and cationic polymerization to realize fully 3D stiffness control. The radial resolution of stiffness control is 300 µm or better and an average modulus gradient of 5 MPa/µm is achieved. We further show that the reactive transport of radical inhibitors defines a workpiece's shape and limits the achievable stiffness contrast to a range from 127 MPa to 201 MPa according to standard tensile tests after post-processing. Our result presents a strategy for controlling the stiffness of material spatially in light-based volumetric additive manufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, 2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Einstom Engay
- National Center for Nano Fabrication and Characterization, Technical University of Denmark, 2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Peter R Stubbe
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, 2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Saeed Z Moghaddam
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, 2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Esben Thormann
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, 2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Kristoffer Almdal
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, 2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Aminul Islam
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, 2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Yi Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, 2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.
- Center for Energy Resources Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, 2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.
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16
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Zhang Y, Wu L, Zou M, Zhang L, Song Y. Suppressing the Step Effect of 3D Printing for Constructing Contact Lenses. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2107249. [PMID: 34724264 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202107249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
3D printing has been considered as a sustainable method to construct complicated 3D structures. However, the step effect induced by the traditional point-by-point or layer-by-layer additive manufacturing mode inevitably occurs and remains an obstacle to realizing the smoothness and uniformity of 3D samples. Here, a continuous liquid film confined 3D printing strategy is proposed to fabricate high-precision 3D structures based on the Digital Light Processing (DLP) technology. With the control of the confinement of the liquid-solid interface and the continuous printing mode, liquid film adhering to the cured structure is sucked into the cured layer structures with excess resin adhering to the cured structure scraping off, where the step effect is eliminated and post-washing is avoided. The morphology and dimension of the confined liquid film can be well regulated by ink properties and printing parameters to optimize the surface smoothness and printing fidelity. In addition, heat accumulation and thermal diffusion are also suppressed, ensuring the long-term printing stability. A centimeter-scale contact lens structure with central thickness of ≈135 µm comparable to commercial ones can be printed, which possesses extreme smoothness (sub 1.3 nm), homogeneous mechanical characteristic, biocompatibility, and high optical properties with imaging resolution of up to 228.1 lp mm-1 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Lei Wu
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Miaomiao Zou
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Lidian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yanlin Song
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
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17
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Mude H, Maroju PA, Balapure A, Ganesan R, Ray Dutta J. Quaternized Polydopamine Coatings for Anchoring Molecularly Dispersed Broad-Spectrum Antimicrobial Silver Salts. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2021; 4:8396-8406. [PMID: 35005936 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.1c00952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Because of the broad-spectrum antimicrobial efficacy, silver-based coatings have emerged as the popular choice to apply over frequently touched surfaces for mitigating the spread of nosocomial infections. Despite the advancements through various coating strategies, clustering of the active component remains a bottleneck in achieving the molecular-scale dispersion of silver. To circumvent this, the current study takes advantage of the recent findings of quaternary ammonium moieties forming molecular complexes with silver salts that differ from the simple adduct between the individual components. Here we demonstrate the quaternization of oxidatively cross-linked polydopamine coatings over magnetite nanoparticles to anchor ionic silver at a molecular-scale dispersion. The silver-derivatized materials exhibit remarkable broad-spectrum antimicrobial properties against representative microbes like E. coli, S. aureus, and A. niger. Also, the study reveals the materials' antibiofilm efficacy (∼80-90%) against both bacteria. Further recyclability studies have proven the sustained bactericidal properties up to five cycles. The surface derivatization strategy has then been extended to cover glass slips that have also shown the retention of the bactericidal properties even after wiping 20 times with artificial sweat. The biocompatibility of the materials has been ascertained with treated water against the mouse fibroblast and human embryonic kidney cell lines. The current study offers insights in developing coatings with molecular-scale dispersion of ionic silver to achieve broad-spectrum antimicrobial properties in an atom-economical and sustainable manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemanjali Mude
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS), Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Jawahar Nagar, Kapra Mandal, Medchal District, Hyderabad, Telangana 500078, India
| | - Pranay Amruth Maroju
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS), Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Jawahar Nagar, Kapra Mandal, Medchal District, Hyderabad, Telangana 500078, India
| | - Aniket Balapure
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS), Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Jawahar Nagar, Kapra Mandal, Medchal District, Hyderabad, Telangana 500078, India
| | - Ramakrishnan Ganesan
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS), Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Jawahar Nagar, Kapra Mandal, Medchal District, Hyderabad, Telangana 500078, India
| | - Jayati Ray Dutta
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS), Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Jawahar Nagar, Kapra Mandal, Medchal District, Hyderabad, Telangana 500078, India
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18
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Malafronte A, Hamley IW, Hermida-Merino D, Auriemma F, De Rosa C. Nanostructured dimethacrylate-based photopolymerizable systems by modification with diblock copolymers. POLYMER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2021.124360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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19
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Mayoussi F, Doeven EH, Kick A, Goralczyk A, Thomann Y, Risch P, Guijt RM, Kotz F, Helmer D, Rapp BE. Facile fabrication of micro-/nanostructured, superhydrophobic membranes with adjustable porosity by 3D printing. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY. A 2021; 9:21379-21386. [PMID: 34603732 PMCID: PMC8477758 DOI: 10.1039/d1ta03352b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Porous membranes with special wetting properties have attracted great interest due to their various functions and wide applications, including water filtration, selective oil/water separation and oil skimming. Special wetting properties such as superhydrophobicity can be achieved by controlling the surface chemistry as well as the surface topography of a substrate. Three-dimensional (3D) printing is a promising method for the fast and easy generation of various structures. The most common method for 3D printing of superhydrophobic materials is a two-step fabrication process: 3D printing of user-defined topographies, such as surface structures or bulk porosity, followed by a chemical post-processing with low-surface energy chemicals such as fluorinated silanes. Another common method is using a hydrophobic polymer ink to print intricate surface structures. However, the resolution of most common printers is not sufficient to produce nano-/microstructured textures, moreover, the resulting delicate surface micro- or nanostructures are very prone to abrasion. Herein, we report a simple approach for 3D printing of superhydrophobic micro-/nanoporous membranes in a single step, combining the required topography and chemistry. The bulk porosity of this material, which we term "Fluoropor", makes it insensitive to abrasion. To achieve this, a photocurable fluorinated resin is mixed with a porogen mixture and 3D printed using a stereolithography (SLA) printing process. This way, micro-/nanoporous membranes with superhydrophobic properties with static contact angles of 164° are fabricated. The pore size of the membranes can be adjusted from 30 nm to 300 nm by only changing the porogen ratio in the mixture. We show the applicability of the printed membranes for oil/water separation and the formation of Salvinia layers which are of great interest for drag reduction in maritime transportation and fouling prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fadoua Mayoussi
- Laboratory of Process Technology, NeptunLab, Albert-Ludwigs University Freiburg, Department of Microsystems Engineering (IMTEK) Georges-Köhler-Allee 103 Freiburg Germany www.NeptunLab.org
| | - Egan H Doeven
- Deakin University, Centre for Regional and Rural Futures Geelong VIC 3220 Australia
| | - Andrea Kick
- Laboratory of Process Technology, NeptunLab, Albert-Ludwigs University Freiburg, Department of Microsystems Engineering (IMTEK) Georges-Köhler-Allee 103 Freiburg Germany www.NeptunLab.org
| | - Andreas Goralczyk
- Laboratory of Process Technology, NeptunLab, Albert-Ludwigs University Freiburg, Department of Microsystems Engineering (IMTEK) Georges-Köhler-Allee 103 Freiburg Germany www.NeptunLab.org
| | - Yi Thomann
- Freiburg Materials Research Center (FMF), Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg Freiburg Germany
- FIT Freiburg Centre for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies, Albert-Ludwigs University Freiburg Germany
| | - Patrick Risch
- Laboratory of Process Technology, NeptunLab, Albert-Ludwigs University Freiburg, Department of Microsystems Engineering (IMTEK) Georges-Köhler-Allee 103 Freiburg Germany www.NeptunLab.org
| | - Rosanne M Guijt
- Deakin University, Centre for Regional and Rural Futures Geelong VIC 3220 Australia
| | - Frederik Kotz
- Laboratory of Process Technology, NeptunLab, Albert-Ludwigs University Freiburg, Department of Microsystems Engineering (IMTEK) Georges-Köhler-Allee 103 Freiburg Germany www.NeptunLab.org
- Freiburg Materials Research Center (FMF), Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg Freiburg Germany
| | - Dorothea Helmer
- Laboratory of Process Technology, NeptunLab, Albert-Ludwigs University Freiburg, Department of Microsystems Engineering (IMTEK) Georges-Köhler-Allee 103 Freiburg Germany www.NeptunLab.org
- Freiburg Materials Research Center (FMF), Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg Freiburg Germany
- FIT Freiburg Centre for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies, Albert-Ludwigs University Freiburg Germany
| | - Bastian E Rapp
- Laboratory of Process Technology, NeptunLab, Albert-Ludwigs University Freiburg, Department of Microsystems Engineering (IMTEK) Georges-Köhler-Allee 103 Freiburg Germany www.NeptunLab.org
- Freiburg Materials Research Center (FMF), Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg Freiburg Germany
- FIT Freiburg Centre for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies, Albert-Ludwigs University Freiburg Germany
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20
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Pathreeker S, Chando P, Chen FH, Biria S, Li H, Finkelstein EB, Hosein ID. Superhydrophobic Polymer Composite Surfaces Developed via Photopolymerization. ACS APPLIED POLYMER MATERIALS 2021; 3:4661-4672. [PMID: 34541544 PMCID: PMC8438665 DOI: 10.1021/acsapm.1c00744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Fabrication of superhydrophobic materials using incumbent techniques involves several processing steps and is therefore either quite complex, not scalable, or often both. Here, the development of superhydrophobic surface-patterned polymer-TiO2 composite materials using a simple, single-step photopolymerization-based approach is reported. The synergistic combination of concurrent, periodic bump-like pattern formation created using irradiation through a photomask and photopolymerization-induced nanoparticle (NP) phase separation enables the development of surface textures with dual-scale roughness (micrometer-sized bumps and NPs) that demonstrate high water contact angles, low roll-off angles, and desirable postprocessability such as flexibility, peel-and-stick capability, and self-cleaning capability. The effect of nanoparticle concentration on surface porosity and consequently nonwetting properties is discussed. Large-area fabrication over an area of 20 cm2, which is important for practical applications, is also demonstrated. This work demonstrates the capability of polymerizable systems to aid in the organization of functional polymer-nanoparticle surface structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shreyas Pathreeker
- Department
of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, United States
| | - Paul Chando
- Department
of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, United States
| | - Fu-Hao Chen
- Department
of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, United States
| | - Saeid Biria
- Department
of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, United States
| | - Hansheng Li
- Department
of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, United States
| | - Eric B. Finkelstein
- Department
of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, United States
- Syracuse
Biomaterials Institute, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, United States
| | - Ian D. Hosein
- Department
of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, United States
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21
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Lactobacillus amylovorus derived lipase-mediated silver derivatization over poly(ε-caprolactone) towards antimicrobial coatings. Enzyme Microb Technol 2021; 150:109888. [PMID: 34489041 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2021.109888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Owing to the probiotic origin, lipases-derived from the Lactobacilli sp. are considered to be promising biomaterials for in vivo applications. On a different note, poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL)-an FDA-approved polymer for implantable applications-lacks inherent antimicrobial property, because of which suitable modifications are required to render it with bactericidal activity. Here, we employ Lactobacillus amylovorous derived lipase to surface derivatize the PCL films with silver that is a highly efficient inorganic broad-spectrum antimicrobial substance. Two different surface functionalization strategies have been employed over the alkaline hydrolyzed PCL films towards this purpose: In the first strategy, lipase-capped silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) have been synthesized in a first step, which have been covalently immobilized over the activated carboxylic groups on the PCL film surface in a subsequent step. In the second strategy, the lipase was covalently immobilized over the activated carboxylic groups of the PCL film surface in the first step, over which silver was deposited in the second step using the dip-coating method. While the characterization study using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) has revealed the successful derivatization of silver over the PCL film, the surface characterization using field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) study has shown a distinct morphological change with higher silver loading in both strategies. The antimicrobial studies employing E. coli have revealed 100 % inhibition in the bacterial growth in 4-6 h with the Ag NPs-immobilized PCL films as opposed to >8 h with those prepared through the dip-coating method. Additionally, the cytotoxicity assay using mouse fibroblast cells has shown that the PCL films immobilized with lipase-capped Ag NPs exhibit high cell compatibility, similar to that of pristine PCL film, and thereby making it suitable for in vivo applications.
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22
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Sun K, Xiao P, Dumur F, Lalevée J. Organic dye‐based photoinitiating systems for visible‐light‐induced photopolymerization. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20210225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ke Sun
- Université de Haute‐Alsace, CNRS IS2M UMR 7361 Mulhouse France
- Université de Strasbourg Strasbourg France
| | - Pu Xiao
- Research School of Chemistry Australian National University Canberra Australian Capital Territory Australia
| | - Frédéric Dumur
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS ICR UMR 7273 Marseille France
| | - Jacques Lalevée
- Université de Haute‐Alsace, CNRS IS2M UMR 7361 Mulhouse France
- Université de Strasbourg Strasbourg France
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23
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Orth A, Sampson KL, Ting K, Boisvert J, Paquet C. Correcting ray distortion in tomographic additive manufacturing. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:11037-11054. [PMID: 33820224 DOI: 10.1364/oe.419795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Light-based additive manufacturing techniques enable a rapid transition from object design to production. In these approaches, a 3D object is typically built by successive polymerization of 2D layers in a photocurable resin. A recently demonstrated technique, however, uses tomographic dose patterning to establish a 3D light dose distribution within a cylindrical glass vial of photoresin. Lensing distortion from the cylindrical vial is currently mitigated by either an index matching bath around the print volume or a cylindrical lens. In this work, we show that these hardware approaches to distortion correction are unnecessary. Instead, we demonstrate how the lensing effect can be computationally corrected by resampling the parallel-beam radon transform into an aberrated geometry. We also demonstrate a more general application of our computational approach by correcting for non-telecentricity inherent in most optical projection systems. We expect that our results will underpin a more simple and flexible class of tomographic 3D printers where deviations from the assumed parallel-beam projection geometry are rectified computationally.
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