1
|
Liu H, Tu M, Yin Z, Zhang D, Ma J, He F. Unraveling the complexity of polycystic ovary syndrome with animal models. J Genet Genomics 2024; 51:144-158. [PMID: 37777062 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2023.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a highly familial and heritable endocrine disorder. Over half of the daughters born to women with PCOS may eventually develop their own PCOS-related symptoms. Progress in the treatment of PCOS is currently hindered by the complexity of its clinical manifestations and incomplete knowledge of its etiopathogenesis. Various animal models, including experimentally induced, naturally occurring, and spontaneously arising ones, have been established to emulate a wide range of phenotypical and pathological traits of human PCOS. These studies have led to a paradigm shift in understanding the genetic, developmental, and evolutionary origins of this disorder. Furthermore, emerging evidence suggests that animal models are useful in evaluating state-of-the-art drugs and treatments for PCOS. This review aims to provide a comprehensive summary of recent studies of PCOS in animal models, highlighting the power of these disease models in understanding the biology of PCOS and aiding high-throughput approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huanju Liu
- Center for Genetic Medicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Mixue Tu
- Key Laboratory of Women's Reproductive Health of Zhejiang Province and Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, China
| | - Zhiyong Yin
- Center for Genetic Medicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Dan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Women's Reproductive Health of Zhejiang Province and Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, China; Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, China; Clinical Research Center on Birth Defect Prevention and Intervention of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, China.
| | - Jun Ma
- Center for Genetic Medicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Women's Reproductive Health of Zhejiang Province and Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, China; Institute of Genetics, Zhejiang University International School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Genetic and Developmental Disorder, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China.
| | - Feng He
- Center for Genetic Medicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Women's Reproductive Health of Zhejiang Province and Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, China; Institute of Genetics, Zhejiang University International School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Genetic and Developmental Disorder, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wu H, Zhao B, Yao Q, Kang J. Dehydroepiandrosterone-induced polycystic ovary syndrome mouse model requires continous treatments to maintain reproductive phenotypes. J Ovarian Res 2023; 16:207. [PMID: 37880784 PMCID: PMC10599050 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-023-01299-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrinopathy associated with infertility and metabolic disorder in women of reproductive age. Animal models have been developed and used as tools to unravel the pathogenesis of PCOS, among which most postnatal models employ continuing experimental manipulations. However, the persistence and stability of these animals after modeling is unknown. Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA)-induced PCOS mouse model is commonly used in PCOS studies. Thus the aim of the present study was to investigate the reproductive features of DHEA-induced PCOS mice fed a normal chow or an high-fat diet (HFD) with treatment withdrawal or consecutive treatments after PCOS mouse models were established. METHODS Prepubertal C57BL/6 J mice (age 25 days) were injected (s.c.) daily with DHEA on a normal chow or a 60% HFD for 20 consecutive days to induce PCOS mouse models. Mice injected with the vehicle sesame oil were used as controls. After 20 days, mice were divided into 2 groups, namely "Continue dosing group" and "Stop dosing group". The animals were consecutively treated with DHEA or DHEA + HFD, or housed without any treatment for 2 or 4 weeks. Estrous cycles were evaluated during this period. At the end of the experiment, serum testosterone (T) levels were measured and the morphology of ovaries was evaluated. RESULTS The mice in Continue dosing groups maintained reproductive phenotypes of PCOS mouse models. In contrast, 2 or 4 weeks after PCOS models were established, the mice with treatment withdrawal in Stop dosing groups exhibited normal serum testosterone levels, regular estrous cycle, and relatively normal ovarian morphology. In addition, even with consecutive treatments, there was no marked difference in body weight between DHEA mice on the normal chow or an HFD in Continue dosing groups and the control animals 3 weeks after modeling. CONCLUSIONS After PCOS mice were induced with DHEA or DHEA + HFD, the mice still need consecutive treatments to maintain reproductive phenotypes to be regarded as PCOS mice that meet the diagnostic criteria of PCOS defined by the 2003 Rotterdam criteria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haowen Wu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, No.38 Xueyuan Rd, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Bining Zhao
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, No.38 Xueyuan Rd, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Qiyang Yao
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, No.38 Xueyuan Rd, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Jihong Kang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, No.38 Xueyuan Rd, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Yagihashi S. Contribution of animal models to diabetes research: Its history, significance, and translation to humans. J Diabetes Investig 2023; 14:1015-1037. [PMID: 37401013 PMCID: PMC10445217 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.14034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is still expanding globally and is epidemic in developing countries. The combat of this plague has caused enormous economic and social burdens related to a lowered quality of life in people with diabetes. Despite recent significant improvements of life expectancy in patients with diabetes, there is still a need for efforts to elucidate the complexities and mechanisms of the disease processes to overcome this difficult disorder. To this end, the use of appropriate animal models in diabetes studies is invaluable for translation to humans and for the development of effective treatment. In this review, a variety of animal models of diabetes with spontaneous onset in particular will be introduced and discussed for their implication in diabetes research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soroku Yagihashi
- Department of Exploratory Medicine for Nature, Life and HumansToho University School of MedicineChibaJapan
- Department of PathologyHirosaki University Graduate School of MedicineHirosakiJapan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Borges JCO, Oliveira VAB, Serdan TDA, Silva FLR, Santos CS, Pauferro JRB, Ribas ASF, Manoel R, Pereira ACG, Correa IS, Pereira JNB, Bazotte RB, Levada-Pires AC, Pithon-Curi TC, Gorjão R, Curi R, Hirabara SM, Masi LN. Brain glucose hypometabolism and hippocampal inflammation in Goto-Kakizaki rats. Braz J Med Biol Res 2023; 56:e12742. [PMID: 37377307 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x2023e12742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain glucose hypometabolism and neuroinflammation are early pathogenic manifestations in neurological disorders. Neuroinflammation may also disrupt leptin signaling, an adipokine that centrally regulates appetite and energy balance by acting on the hypothalamus and exerting neuroprotection in the hippocampus. The Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rat is a non-obese type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) animal model used to investigate diabetes-associated molecular mechanisms without obesity jeopardizing effects. Wistar and GK rats received the maintenance adult rodent diet. Also, an additional control group of Wistar rats received a high-fat and high-sugar diet (HFHS) provided by free consumption of condensed milk. All diets and water were provided ad libitum for eight weeks. Brain glucose uptake was evaluated by 2-deoxy-2-[fluorine-18] fluoro-D-glucose under basal (saline administration) or stimulated (CL316,243, a selective β3-AR agonist) conditions. The animals were fasted for 10-12 h, anesthetized, and euthanized. The brain was quickly dissected, and the hippocampal area was sectioned and stored at -80°C in different tubes for protein and RNA analyses on the same animal. GK rats exhibited attenuated brain glucose uptake compared to Wistar animals and the HFHS group under basal conditions. Also, the hippocampus of GK rats displayed upregulated leptin receptor, IL-1β, and IL-6 gene expression and IL-1β and the subunit of the transcription factor NF-κB (p-p65) protein expression. No significant alterations were detected in the hippocampus of HFHS rats. Our data indicated that a genetic predisposition to T2DM has significant brain deteriorating features, including brain glucose hypometabolism, neuroinflammation, and leptin signaling disruption in the hippocampal area.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J C O Borges
- Programa Interdisciplinar de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Cruzeiro do Sul, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - V A B Oliveira
- Programa Interdisciplinar de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Cruzeiro do Sul, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - T D A Serdan
- Programa Interdisciplinar de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Cruzeiro do Sul, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - F L R Silva
- Programa Interdisciplinar de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Cruzeiro do Sul, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - C S Santos
- Programa Interdisciplinar de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Cruzeiro do Sul, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - J R B Pauferro
- Programa Interdisciplinar de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Cruzeiro do Sul, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - A S F Ribas
- Programa Interdisciplinar de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Cruzeiro do Sul, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - R Manoel
- Programa Interdisciplinar de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Cruzeiro do Sul, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - A C G Pereira
- Programa Interdisciplinar de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Cruzeiro do Sul, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - I S Correa
- Programa Interdisciplinar de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Cruzeiro do Sul, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - J N B Pereira
- Seção de Produção de Imunobiológicos, Bioindustrial Centro, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - R B Bazotte
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Departamento de Farmacologia e Terapêutica, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brasil
| | - A C Levada-Pires
- Programa Interdisciplinar de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Cruzeiro do Sul, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - T C Pithon-Curi
- Programa Interdisciplinar de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Cruzeiro do Sul, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - R Gorjão
- Programa Interdisciplinar de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Cruzeiro do Sul, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - R Curi
- Programa Interdisciplinar de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Cruzeiro do Sul, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
- Seção de Produção de Imunobiológicos, Bioindustrial Centro, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - S M Hirabara
- Programa Interdisciplinar de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Cruzeiro do Sul, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - L N Masi
- Programa Interdisciplinar de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Cruzeiro do Sul, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brasil
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Yamamoto Y, Ura K, Matsukawa T, Saita T, Shin M. Immunohistochemical Localization of Alogliptin, a DPP-4 Inhibitor, in Tissues of Normal and Type 2 Diabetes Model Rat. Acta Histochem Cytochem 2022; 55:185-192. [PMID: 36688140 PMCID: PMC9840470 DOI: 10.1267/ahc.22-00032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the pharmacokinetics of alogliptin (AG) at the cell and tissue level in healthy Wistar rats and a type 2 diabetic Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rat model. Immunohistochemistry of the renal tissue in these rats, post 1 hr of AG administration, showed that the signal was observed in the glomeruli, proximal tubule S3 segments, distal tubules, collecting ducts, and only in the brush border of the epithelial cells of the proximal tubule S1, S2 segments. After 6 hr of AG administration, the staining intensity of the regions other than the S3 segments was considerably reduced in Wistar rats, with no change observed in GK rats. At 24 hr, the staining intensity was considerably reduced, even in GK rats; however, the staining of the S3 segment remained unaltered in both. Hepatocytes in zone III of the hepatic lobule were more intensely stained than those in zone I in Wistar rats at 1 hr. However, almost no staining was observed in the hepatocytes of GK rats at 1 hr. Complete loss of signal was observed in the hepatocytes of the Wistar rats after 6 hr. This study revealed that the pharmacokinetics of AG in GK rats are different from those in Wistar rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yutaro Yamamoto
- Department of Applied Life Science, Faculty of Biotechnology and Life Science, Sojo University, 4–22–1 Ikeda, Nishi-ku, Kumamoto 860–0082, Japan
| | - Kanae Ura
- Department of Applied Life Science, Faculty of Biotechnology and Life Science, Sojo University, 4–22–1 Ikeda, Nishi-ku, Kumamoto 860–0082, Japan
| | - Takuma Matsukawa
- Department of Applied Life Science, Faculty of Biotechnology and Life Science, Sojo University, 4–22–1 Ikeda, Nishi-ku, Kumamoto 860–0082, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Saita
- Department of Applied Life Science, Faculty of Biotechnology and Life Science, Sojo University, 4–22–1 Ikeda, Nishi-ku, Kumamoto 860–0082, Japan
| | - Masashi Shin
- Department of Applied Life Science, Faculty of Biotechnology and Life Science, Sojo University, 4–22–1 Ikeda, Nishi-ku, Kumamoto 860–0082, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Stener-Victorin E. Update on Animal Models of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Endocrinology 2022; 163:6750034. [PMID: 36201611 PMCID: PMC9631972 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqac164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a complex disease affecting up to 15% of women of reproductive age. Women with PCOS suffer from reproductive dysfunctions with excessive androgen secretion and irregular ovulation, leading to reduced fertility and pregnancy complications. The syndrome is associated with a wide range of comorbidities including type 2 diabetes, obesity, and psychiatric disorders. Despite the high prevalence of PCOS, its etiology remains unclear. To understand the pathophysiology of PCOS, how it is inherited, and how to predict PCOS, and prevent and treat women with the syndrome, animal models provide an important approach to answering these fundamental questions. This minireview summarizes recent investigative efforts on PCOS-like rodent models aiming to define underlying mechanisms of the disease and provide guidance in model selection. The focus is on new genetic rodent models, on a naturally occurring rodent model, and provides an update on prenatal and peripubertal exposure models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elisabet Stener-Victorin
- Correspondence: Elisabet Stener-Victorin, PhD, Professor, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Biomedicum, B5, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Anti-Müllerian Hormone and Polycystic Ovary Syndrome in Women and Its Male Equivalent. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10102506. [PMID: 36289767 PMCID: PMC9599141 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10102506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This article reviews the main findings on anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) and its involvement in the pathogenesis of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and its male equivalent. In women, AMH is produced by granulosa cells from the mid-fetal life to menopause and is a reliable indirect marker of ovarian reserve. AMH protects follicles from atresia, inhibits their differentiation in the ovary, and stimulates gonadotrophin-releasing hormone neurons pulsatility. AMH overexpression in women with PCOS likely contributes to the increase of the follicle cohort and of androgen levels, leading to follicular arrest and anovulation. In the male, AMH is synthesized at high levels by Sertoli cells from fetal life to puberty when serum AMH falls to levels similar to those observed in women. AMH is involved in the differentiation of the genital tract during fetal life and plays a role in Sertoli and Leydig cells differentiation and function. Serum AMH is used to assess Sertoli cell function in children with disorders of sex development and various conditions affecting the hypothalamic–pituitary–testicular axis. Although the reproductive function of male relative of women with PCOS has been poorly investigated, adolescents have elevated levels of AMH which could play a detrimental role on their fertility.
Collapse
|
8
|
Seal SV, Henry M, Pajot C, Holuka C, Bailbé D, Movassat J, Darnaudéry M, Turner JD. A Holistic View of the Goto-Kakizaki Rat Immune System: Decreased Circulating Immune Markers in Non- Obese Type 2 Diabetes. Front Immunol 2022; 13:896179. [PMID: 35677049 PMCID: PMC9168276 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.896179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Type-2 diabetes is a complex disorder that is now considered to have an immune component, with functional impairments in many immune cell types. Type-2 diabetes is often accompanied by comorbid obesity, which is associated with low grade inflammation. However,the immune status in Type-2 diabetes independent of obesity remains unclear. Goto-Kakizaki rats are a non-obese Type-2 diabetes model. The limited evidence available suggests that Goto-Kakizaki rats have a pro-inflammatory immune profile in pancreatic islets. Here we present a detailed overview of the adult Goto-Kakizaki rat immune system. Three converging lines of evidence: fewer pro-inflammatory cells, lower levels of circulating pro-inflammatory cytokines, and a clear downregulation of pro-inflammatory signalling in liver, muscle and adipose tissues indicate a limited pro-inflammatory baseline immune profile outside the pancreas. As Type-2 diabetes is frequently associated with obesity and adipocyte-released inflammatory mediators, the pro-inflammatory milieu seems not due to Type-2 diabetes per se; although this overall reduction of immune markers suggests marked immune dysfunction in Goto-Kakizaki rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Snehaa V Seal
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.,Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Mathilde Henry
- Institut National de Recherche Pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (INRAE), Bordeaux Institut National Polytechnique (INP), NutriNeuro, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1286, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Clémentine Pajot
- Institut National de Recherche Pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (INRAE), Bordeaux Institut National Polytechnique (INP), NutriNeuro, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1286, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Cyrielle Holuka
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.,Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Danielle Bailbé
- Université de Paris, Laboratoire B2PE (Biologie et Pathologie du Pancréas Endocrine), Unité BFA (Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique -Unité Mixte de Recherche (CNRS UMR) 8251, Paris, France
| | - Jamileh Movassat
- Université de Paris, Laboratoire B2PE (Biologie et Pathologie du Pancréas Endocrine), Unité BFA (Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique -Unité Mixte de Recherche (CNRS UMR) 8251, Paris, France
| | - Muriel Darnaudéry
- Institut National de Recherche Pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (INRAE), Bordeaux Institut National Polytechnique (INP), NutriNeuro, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1286, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Jonathan D Turner
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Heather LC, Hafstad AD, Halade GV, Harmancey R, Mellor KM, Mishra PK, Mulvihill EE, Nabben M, Nakamura M, Rider OJ, Ruiz M, Wende AR, Ussher JR. Guidelines on Models of Diabetic Heart Disease. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2022; 323:H176-H200. [PMID: 35657616 PMCID: PMC9273269 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00058.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes is a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, including diabetic cardiomyopathy, atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, and heart failure. As cardiovascular disease represents the number one cause of death in people with diabetes, there has been a major emphasis on understanding the mechanisms by which diabetes promotes cardiovascular disease, and how antidiabetic therapies impact diabetic heart disease. With a wide array of models to study diabetes (both type 1 and type 2), the field has made major progress in answering these questions. However, each model has its own inherent limitations. Therefore, the purpose of this guidelines document is to provide the field with information on which aspects of cardiovascular disease in the human diabetic population are most accurately reproduced by the available models. This review aims to emphasize the advantages and disadvantages of each model, and to highlight the practical challenges and technical considerations involved. We will review the preclinical animal models of diabetes (based on their method of induction), appraise models of diabetes-related atherosclerosis and heart failure, and discuss in vitro models of diabetic heart disease. These guidelines will allow researchers to select the appropriate model of diabetic heart disease, depending on the specific research question being addressed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa C Heather
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Anne D Hafstad
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Ganesh V Halade
- Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Tampa, Florida, United States
| | - Romain Harmancey
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | | | - Paras K Mishra
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Erin E Mulvihill
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Miranda Nabben
- Departments of Genetics and Cell Biology, and Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Center, CARIM School of Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Michinari Nakamura
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Oliver J Rider
- University of Oxford Centre for Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Matthieu Ruiz
- Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Adam R Wende
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - John R Ussher
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Li MX, Li MY, Lei JX, Wu YZ, Li ZH, Chen LM, Zhou CL, Su JY, Huang GX, Huang XQ, Zheng XB. Huangqin decoction ameliorates DSS-induced ulcerative colitis: Role of gut microbiota and amino acid metabolism, mTOR pathway and intestinal epithelial barrier. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 100:154052. [PMID: 35344714 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The clinical treatment of ulcerative colitis (UC) is limited. A traditional Chinese medicinal formula, Huangqin decoction (HQD), is chronicled in Shang Han Lun and is widely used to ameliorate gastrointestinal disorders, such as UC; however, its mechanism is yet to be clarified. PURPOSE The present study aimed to investigate the effect of HQD on 7-day colitis induced by 3% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) in mice and further explore the inhibitory effect of metabolites on DSS-damaged FHC cells. METHODS The therapeutic efficacy of HQD was evaluated in a well-established DSS-induced colitis mice model. The clinical symptoms were analyzed, and biological samples were collected for microscopic examination, metabolomics, metagenomics, and the evaluation of the epithelial barrier function. The mechanism of metabolites regulated by HQD was evaluated in the DSS-induced FHC cell damage model. The samples were collected to detect the physiological functions of the cells. RESULTS HQD suppressed the inflammation of DSS-induced colitis in vivo, attenuated DSS-induced clinical manifestations, reversed colon length reduction, and reduced histological injury. After HQD treatment, the DSS-induced gut dysbiosis was modulated, and the gut microbiota achieved a new equilibrium state. In addition, HQD activated the mTOR signaling pathway by upregulating amino acid metabolism. Significant phosphorylation of S6 and 4E-BP1 ameliorated intestinal epithelial barrier dysfunction. Moreover, HQD-regulated metabolites protected the epithelial barrier integrity by inhibiting DSS-induced apoptosis of FHC cells and regulating the proteins affecting apoptosis and cell-cell junction. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicated that the mechanism of HQD was related to regulating the gut microbiota and amino acid metabolism, activating the mTOR signaling pathway, and protecting the intestinal mucosal barrier integrity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mu-Xia Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, P.R. China
| | - Min-Yao Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, P.R. China
| | - Jun-Xuan Lei
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Zhu Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, P.R. China
| | - Ze-Hao Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, P.R. China
| | - Lin-Ming Chen
- Guangzhou Huibiao Testing Technology Center, Guangzhou 510700, P.R. China
| | | | - Ji-Yan Su
- Affiliated Foshan Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan 528000, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Guo-Xin Huang
- Clinical research center, Shantou central hospital, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Xiao-Qi Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, P.R. China.
| | - Xue-Bao Zheng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, P.R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Role of insulin resistance on fertility–focus on polycystic ovary syndrome. ANNALES D'ENDOCRINOLOGIE 2022; 83:199-202. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ando.2022.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
12
|
di Clemente N, Racine C, Pierre A, Taieb J. Anti-Müllerian Hormone in Female Reproduction. Endocr Rev 2021; 42:753-782. [PMID: 33851994 DOI: 10.1210/endrev/bnab012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), also called Müllerian inhibiting substance, was shown to be synthesized by the ovary in the 1980s. This article reviews the main findings of the past 20 years on the regulation of the expression of AMH and its specific receptor AMHR2 by granulosa cells, the mechanism of action of AMH, the different roles it plays in the reproductive organs, its clinical utility, and its involvement in the principal pathological conditions affecting women. The findings in respect of regulation tell us that AMH and AMHR2 expression is mainly regulated by bone morphogenetic proteins, gonadotropins, and estrogens. It has now been established that AMH regulates the different steps of folliculogenesis and that it has neuroendocrine effects. On the other hand, the importance of serum AMH as a reliable marker of ovarian reserve and as a useful tool in the prediction of the polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and primary ovarian failure has also been acknowledged. Last but not least, a large body of evidence points to the involvement of AMH in the pathogenesis of PCOS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie di Clemente
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Paris, France.,Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire ICAN, Paris, France
| | - Chrystèle Racine
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Paris, France.,Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire ICAN, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris-Diderot Université, Paris, France
| | - Alice Pierre
- Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris-Diderot, CNRS, INSERM, Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative UMR 8251, Physiologie de l'Axe Gonadotrope U1133, Paris, France
| | - Joëlle Taieb
- Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris-Diderot, CNRS, INSERM, Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative UMR 8251, Physiologie de l'Axe Gonadotrope U1133, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Benammar A, Derisoud E, Vialard F, Palmer E, Ayoubi JM, Poulain M, Chavatte-Palmer P. The Mare: A Pertinent Model for Human Assisted Reproductive Technologies? Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:2304. [PMID: 34438761 PMCID: PMC8388489 DOI: 10.3390/ani11082304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Although there are large differences between horses and humans for reproductive anatomy, follicular dynamics, mono-ovulation, and embryo development kinetics until the blastocyst stage are similar. In contrast to humans, however, horses are seasonal animals and do not have a menstrual cycle. Moreover, horse implantation takes place 30 days later than in humans. In terms of artificial reproduction techniques (ART), oocytes are generally matured in vitro in horses because ovarian stimulation remains inefficient. This allows the collection of oocytes without hormonal treatments. In humans, in vivo matured oocytes are collected after ovarian stimulation. Subsequently, only intra-cytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) is performed in horses to produce embryos, whereas both in vitro fertilization and ICSI are applied in humans. Embryos are transferred only as blastocysts in horses. In contrast, four cells to blastocyst stage embryos are transferred in humans. Embryo and oocyte cryopreservation has been mastered in humans, but not completely in horses. Finally, both species share infertility concerns due to ageing and obesity. Thus, reciprocal knowledge could be gained through the comparative study of ART and infertility treatments both in woman and mare, even though the horse could not be used as a single model for human ART.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Achraf Benammar
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, INRAE, BREED, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France; (A.B.); (E.D.); (F.V.); (J.M.A.); (M.P.)
- Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, BREED, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Foch Hospital, 92150 Suresnes, France
| | - Emilie Derisoud
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, INRAE, BREED, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France; (A.B.); (E.D.); (F.V.); (J.M.A.); (M.P.)
- Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, BREED, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - François Vialard
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, INRAE, BREED, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France; (A.B.); (E.D.); (F.V.); (J.M.A.); (M.P.)
- Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, BREED, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Eric Palmer
- Académie d’Agriculture de France, 75007 Paris, France;
| | - Jean Marc Ayoubi
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, INRAE, BREED, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France; (A.B.); (E.D.); (F.V.); (J.M.A.); (M.P.)
- Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, BREED, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Foch Hospital, 92150 Suresnes, France
| | - Marine Poulain
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, INRAE, BREED, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France; (A.B.); (E.D.); (F.V.); (J.M.A.); (M.P.)
- Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, BREED, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Foch Hospital, 92150 Suresnes, France
| | - Pascale Chavatte-Palmer
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, INRAE, BREED, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France; (A.B.); (E.D.); (F.V.); (J.M.A.); (M.P.)
- Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, BREED, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France
| |
Collapse
|