1
|
Liu BY, Wu J, Xue CH, Zeng Y, Liang J, Zhang S, Liu M, Ma CQ, Wang Z, Tao G. Bioinspired Superhydrophobic All-In-One Coating for Adaptive Thermoregulation. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2400745. [PMID: 38810961 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202400745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
The development of scalable and passive coatings that can adapt to seasonal temperature changes while maintaining superhydrophobic self-cleaning functions is crucial for their practical applications. However, the incorporation of passive cooling and heating functions with conflicting optical properties in a superhydrophobic coating is still challenging. Herein, an all-in-one coating inspired by the hierarchical structure of a lotus leaf that combines surface wettability, optical structure, and temperature self-adaptation is obtained through a simple one-step phase separation process. This coating exhibits an asymmetrical gradient structure with surface-embedded hydrophobic SiO2 particles and subsurface thermochromic microcapsules within vertically distributed hierarchical porous structures. Moreover, the coating imparts superhydrophobicity, high infrared emission, and thermo-switchable sunlight reflectivity, enabling autonomous transitions between radiative cooling and solar warming. The all-in-one coating prevents contamination and over-cooling caused by traditional radiative cooling materials, opening up new prospects for the large-scale manufacturing of intelligent thermoregulatory coatings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bing-Ying Liu
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Jiawei Wu
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Key Laboratory of Vascular Aging, Ministry of Education, Tongji Hospital Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
- School of Physical Education, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Chao-Hua Xue
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Yijun Zeng
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, 999077, China
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jun Liang
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Key Laboratory of Vascular Aging, Ministry of Education, Tongji Hospital Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
- School of Physical Education, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Shiliang Zhang
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Key Laboratory of Vascular Aging, Ministry of Education, Tongji Hospital Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
- School of Physical Education, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Mingxiang Liu
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Key Laboratory of Vascular Aging, Ministry of Education, Tongji Hospital Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
- School of Physical Education, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Chao-Qun Ma
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Zuankai Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Guangming Tao
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Key Laboratory of Vascular Aging, Ministry of Education, Tongji Hospital Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
- School of Physical Education, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhou P, Wang Y, Zhang X. Supramolecularly Connected Armor-like Nanostructure Enables Mechanically Robust Radiative Cooling Materials. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:6395-6402. [PMID: 38757657 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c01418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Passive daytime radiative cooling (PDRC) is a promising practice to realize sustainable thermal management with no energy and resources consumption. However, there remains a challenge of simultaneously integrating desired solar reflectivity, environmental durability, and mechanical robustness for polymeric composites with nanophotonic structures. Herein, inspired by a classical armor shell of a pangolin, we adopt a generic design strategy that harnesses supramolecular bonds between the TiO2-decorated mica microplates and cellulose nanofibers to collectively produce strong interfacial interactions for fabricating interlayer nanostructured PDRC materials. Owing to the strong light scattering excited by hierarchical nanophotonic structures, the bioinspired film demonstrates a desired reflectivity (92%) and emissivity (91%) and an excellent temperature drop of 10 °C under direct sunlight. Notably, the film guarantees high strength (41.7 MPa), toughness (10.4 MJ m-3), and excellent environmental durability. This strategy provides possibilities in designing polymeric PDRC materials, further establishing a blueprint for other functional applications like soft robots, wearable devices, etc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Yuyan Wang
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, Mainz 55128, Germany
| | - Xinxing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Hong D, Lee YJ, Jeon OS, Lee IS, Lee SH, Won JY, Jeon YP, La Y, Kim S, Park GS, Yoo YJ, Park SY. Humidity-tolerant porous polymer coating for passive daytime radiative cooling. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4457. [PMID: 38796451 PMCID: PMC11127965 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48621-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Coating building envelopes with a passive daytime radiative cooling (PDRC) material has attracted enormous attention as an alternative cooling technique with minimal energy consumption and carbon footprint. Despite the exceptional performance and scalability of porous polymer coating (PPC), achieving consistent performance over a wide range of drying environments remains a major challenge for its commercialization as a radiative cooling paint. Herein, we demonstrate the humidity vulnerability of PPC during the drying process and propose a simple strategy to greatly mitigate the issue. Specifically, we find that the solar reflectance of the PPC rapidly decreases with increasing humidity from 30% RH, and the PPC completely losses its PDRC ability at 45% RH and even become a solar-heating material at higher humidity. However, by adding a small amount of polymer reinforcement to the PPC, it maintains its PDRC performance up to 60% RH, resulting in a 950% increase in estimated areal coverage compared to PPC in the United States. This study sheds light on a crucial consistency issue that has thus far been rarely addressed, and offers engineering guidance to handle this fundamental threat to the development of dependable PDRC paint for industrial applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dongpyo Hong
- Advanced Institute of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16229, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Joon Lee
- PURITECH co., Ltd., Pyeongtaek-si, Gyeonggi-do, 17745, Republic of Korea
| | - Ok Sung Jeon
- Advanced Institute of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16229, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Sung Lee
- Advanced Institute of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16229, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Hun Lee
- Advanced Institute of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16229, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Yeon Won
- School of Electronic Engineering, Kyounggi University, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16227, Republic of Korea
- Department of Global Smart City, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Pyo Jeon
- Advanced Institute of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16229, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunju La
- Advanced Institute of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16229, Republic of Korea
| | - Seonmyeong Kim
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Center for THz-Driven Biomedical Systems, Institute of Applied Physics, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- Mechatronics Research, Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd., Hwaseong-si, Gyeonggi-do, 18448, Republic of Korea
| | - Gun-Sik Park
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Center for THz-Driven Biomedical Systems, Institute of Applied Physics, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Joon Yoo
- Advanced Institute of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16229, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sang Yoon Park
- Advanced Institute of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16229, Republic of Korea.
- School of Electronic Engineering, Kyounggi University, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16227, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Chen Q, Huang X, Lu Y, Xu H, Zhao D. Mechanically Tunable Transmittance Convection Shield for Dynamic Radiative Cooling. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:21807-21817. [PMID: 38634635 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c00825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Radiative cooling is the process to dissipate heat to the outer space through an atmospheric window (8-13 μm), which has great potential for energy savings in buildings. However, the traditional "static" spectral characteristics of radiative cooling materials may result in overcooling during the cold season or at night, necessitating the development of dynamic spectral radiative cooling for enhanced energy saving potential. In this study, we showcase the realization of dynamic radiative cooling by modulating the heat transfer process using a tunable transmittance convection shield (TTCS). The transmittance of the TTCS in both solar spectrum and atmospheric window can be dynamically adjusted within ranges of 28.8-72.9 and 27.0-80.5%, with modulation capabilities of ΔTsolar = 44.1% and ΔT8-13 μm = 53.5%, respectively. Field measurements demonstrate that through the modulation, the steady-state temperature of the TTCS architecture is 0.3 °C lower than that of a traditional radiative cooling architecture during the daytime and 3.3 °C higher at nighttime, indicating that the modulation strategy can effectively address the overcooling issue, offering an efficient way of energy saving through dynamic radiative cooling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qixiang Chen
- School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China
| | - Xuemei Huang
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center of Energy Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315201, China
| | - Yuehui Lu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China
| | - Hua Xu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China
| | - Dongliang Zhao
- School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China
- Institute of Science and Technology for Carbon Neutrality, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China
- Engineering Research Center of Building Equipment, Energy, and Environment, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Cheng X, Chang X, Zhang X, Dai J, Fong H, Yu J, Liu YT, Ding B. Way to a Library of Ti-Series Oxide Nanofiber Sponges that are Highly Stretchable, Compressible, and Bendable. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2307690. [PMID: 38145556 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202307690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
Ti-series oxide ceramics in the form of aerogels, such as TiO2, SrTiO3, BaTiO3, and CaCu3Ti4O12, hold tremendous potential as functional materials owing to their excellent optical, dielectric, and catalytic properties. Unfortunately, these inorganic aerogels are usually brittle and prone to pulverization owing to weak inter-particulate interactions, resulting in restricted application performance and serious health risks. Herein, a novel strategy is reported to synthesize an elastic form of an aerogel-like, highly porous structure, in which activity-switchable Ti-series oxide sols transform from the metastable state to the active state during electrospinning, resulting in condensation and solidification at the whipping stage to obtain curled nanofibers. These curled nanofibers are further entangled when flying in the air to form a physically interlocked, elastic network mimicking the microstructure of high-elasticity hydrogels. This strategy provides a library of Ti-series oxide nanofiber sponges with unprecedented stretchability, compressibility, and bendability, possessing extensive opportunities for greener, safer, and broader applications as integrated or wearable functional devices. As a proof-of-concept demonstration, a new, elastic form of TiO2, composed of both "white" and "black" TiO2 nanofiber sponges, is constructed as spontaneous air-conditioning textiles in smart clothing, buildings, and vehicles, with unique bidirectional regulation of radiative cooling in summer and solar heating in winter.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaota Cheng
- Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Xinyi Chang
- Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Xinxin Zhang
- Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Jin Dai
- Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Hao Fong
- Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Jianyong Yu
- Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Yi-Tao Liu
- Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Bin Ding
- Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Geng A, Han Y, Cao J, Cai C. Strong double networked hybrid cellulosic foam for passive cooling. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 264:130676. [PMID: 38453107 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Up to now, energy conservation, emission reduction, and environmental protection are still the goals that humanity continuously pursues. Passive radiative cooling is a zero-consumption cooling technology, which gains more and more attention. However, the contraction between mechanical strength and cooling performance of traditional radiative cooling materials still limits their scalable production. In this work, we developed a strong double-networked hybrid cellulosic foam via crosslinking recyclable CNF and PVA with a silane coupling agent in the freeze-drying process. Meanwhile, nano zinc oxide and MOF were added to improve the mechanical and solar scattering of foam. Benefiting from the synergistic solar scattering of ZnO and MOF and the stable double crosslinking network, the as-prepared hybrid cellulosic foam exhibits high solar reflectivity of 0.965, high IR emissivity of 0.94, ultrahigh mechanical strength of and low thermal conductivity. Based on above results, the hybrid cellulosic foam shows high-performance daytime cooling efficiency of 7.5 °C under direct sunlight in the hot region (Nanjing, China), which can serve as outdoor thermal-regulation materials. This work demonstrates that biomass materials possess the enormous potential of in thermal regulating materials, and also provides great possibilities for their applications in energy conservation, environmental protection and green building materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aobo Geng
- Research Institute of Wood Industry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Key Laboratory of Wood Science and Technology, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing 100091, China.
| | - Yanming Han
- Research Institute of Wood Industry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Key Laboratory of Wood Science and Technology, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Jingyun Cao
- Research Institute of Wood Industry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Key Laboratory of Wood Science and Technology, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Chenyang Cai
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Liu R, Wang S, Zhou Z, Zhang K, Wang G, Chen C, Long Y. Materials in Radiative Cooling Technologies. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2401577. [PMID: 38497602 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202401577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Radiative cooling (RC) is a carbon-neutral cooling technology that utilizes thermal radiation to dissipate heat from the Earth's surface to the cold outer space. Research in the field of RC has garnered increasing interest from both academia and industry due to its potential to drive sustainable economic and environmental benefits to human society by reducing energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions from conventional cooling systems. Materials innovation is the key to fully exploit the potential of RC. This review aims to elucidate the materials development with a focus on the design strategy including their intrinsic properties, structural formations, and performance improvement. The main types of RC materials, i.e., static-homogeneous, static-composite, dynamic, and multifunctional materials, are systematically overviewed. Future trends, possible challenges, and potential solutions are presented with perspectives in the concluding part, aiming to provide a roadmap for the future development of advanced RC materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rong Liu
- Department of Electronic Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Shancheng Wang
- Department of Electronic Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Zhengui Zhou
- Department of Electronic Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Keyi Zhang
- Department of Electronic Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Guanya Wang
- Department of Electronic Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Changyuan Chen
- Department of Electronic Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Yi Long
- Department of Electronic Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Song J, Shen Q, Shao H, Deng X. Anti-Environmental Aging Passive Daytime Radiative Cooling. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2305664. [PMID: 38148594 PMCID: PMC10933639 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202305664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Passive daytime radiative cooling technology presents a sustainable solution for combating global warming and accompanying extreme weather, with great potential for diverse applications. The key characteristics of this cooling technology are the ability to reflect most sunlight and radiate heat through the atmospheric transparency window. However, the required high solar reflectance is easily affected by environmental aging, rendering the cooling ineffective. In recent years, significant advancements have been made in understanding the failure mechanisms, design strategies, and manufacturing technologies of daytime radiative cooling. Herein, a critical review on anti-environmental aging passive daytime radiative cooling with the goal of advancing their commercial applications is presented. It is first introduced the optical mechanisms and optimization principles of radiative cooling, which serve as a basis for further endowing environmental durability. Then the environmental aging conditions of passive daytime radiative cooling, mainly focusing on UV exposure, thermal aging, surface contamination and chemical corrosion are discussed. Furthermore, the developments of anti-environmental aging passive daytime radiative cooling materials, including design strategies, fabrication techniques, structures, and performances, are reviewed and classified for the first time. Last but not the least, the remaining open challenges and the insights are presented for the further promotion of the commercialization progress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianing Song
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier SciencesUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu610054China
| | - Qingchen Shen
- Bio‐inspired Photonics GroupYusuf Hamied Department of ChemistryUniversity of CambridgeLensfield RoadCambridgeCB2 1EWUK
| | - Huijuan Shao
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier SciencesUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu610054China
| | - Xu Deng
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier SciencesUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu610054China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Li L, Liu G, Zhang Q, Zhao H, Shi R, Wang C, Li Z, Zhou B, Zhang Y. Porous Structure of Polymer Films Optimized by Rationally Tuning Phase Separation for Passive All-Day Radiative Cooling. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:6504-6512. [PMID: 38267401 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c19173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Passive all-day radiative cooling (PARC) films with porous structures prepared via nonsolvent-induced phase separation (NIPS) have attracted considerable attention owing to their cost-effectiveness and wide applicability. The PARC performances of the films correlate with their porous structures. However, the porous structure formed using the NIPS process cannot be finely regulated. In this study, we prepared polyvinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene (PVDF-HFP) films with porous structures optimized by rationally tuning the phase separation, which was achieved by adjusting the proportions of two good solvents with varying solubility parameters. The optimized PVDF-HFP film with a hierarchically porous structure exhibited a high solar reflectance of 97.7% and an infrared emissivity of 96.7%. The film with excellent durability achieved an average subambient cooling temperature of approximately 5.4 °C under a solar irradiance of 945 W·m-2 as well as a temperature of 11.2 °C at nighttime, thus demonstrating all-day radiative cooling. The results indicate that the proposed films present a promising platform for large-scale applications in green building cooling and achieving carbon neutrality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linhu Li
- Department of Equipment Maintenance and Remanufacturing Engineering, Academy of Army Armored Forces, Beijing 100072, China
| | - Guimin Liu
- Department of Equipment Maintenance and Remanufacturing Engineering, Academy of Army Armored Forces, Beijing 100072, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Department of Equipment Maintenance and Remanufacturing Engineering, Academy of Army Armored Forces, Beijing 100072, China
| | - Haichao Zhao
- Department of Equipment Maintenance and Remanufacturing Engineering, Academy of Army Armored Forces, Beijing 100072, China
| | - Ruidong Shi
- Department of Equipment Maintenance and Remanufacturing Engineering, Academy of Army Armored Forces, Beijing 100072, China
| | - Changlin Wang
- Department of Equipment Maintenance and Remanufacturing Engineering, Academy of Army Armored Forces, Beijing 100072, China
| | - Zihao Li
- Department of Equipment Maintenance and Remanufacturing Engineering, Academy of Army Armored Forces, Beijing 100072, China
| | - Boyi Zhou
- Department of Equipment Maintenance and Remanufacturing Engineering, Academy of Army Armored Forces, Beijing 100072, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Equipment Maintenance and Remanufacturing Engineering, Academy of Army Armored Forces, Beijing 100072, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Lin Y, Li P, Liu W, Chen J, Liu X, Jiang P, Huang X. Application-Driven High-Thermal-Conductivity Polymer Nanocomposites. ACS NANO 2024; 18:3851-3870. [PMID: 38266182 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c08467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Polymer nanocomposites combine the merits of polymer matrices and the unusual effects of nanoscale reinforcements and have been recognized as important members of the material family. Being a fundamental material property, thermal conductivity directly affects the molding and processing of materials as well as the design and performance of devices and systems. Polymer nanocomposites have been used in numerous industrial fields; thus, high demands are placed on the thermal conductivity feature of polymer nanocomposites. In this Perspective, we first provide roadmaps for the development of polymer nanocomposites with isotropic, in-plane, and through-plane high thermal conductivities, demonstrating the great effect of nanoscale reinforcements on thermal conductivity enhancement of polymer nanocomposites. Then the significance of the thermal conductivity of polymer nanocomposites in different application fields, including wearable electronics, thermal interface materials, battery thermal management, dielectric capacitors, electrical equipment, solar thermal energy storage, biomedical applications, carbon dioxide capture, and radiative cooling, are highlighted. In future research, we should continue to focus on methods that can further improve the thermal conductivity of polymer nanocomposites. On the other hand, we should pay more attention to the synergistic improvement of the thermal conductivity and other properties of polymer nanocomposites. Emerging polymer nanocomposites with high thermal conductivity should be based on application-oriented research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Lin
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Ageing, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengli Li
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Ageing, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjie Liu
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Ageing, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Ageing, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangyu Liu
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Ageing, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Pingkai Jiang
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Ageing, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingyi Huang
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Ageing, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Wang S, Wu Y, Pu M, Xu M, Zhang R, Yu T, Li X, Ma X, Su Y, Tai H, Guo Y, Luo X. A Versatile Strategy for Concurrent Passive Daytime Radiative Cooling and Sustainable Energy Harvesting. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2305706. [PMID: 37788906 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202305706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Developing versatile systems that can concurrently achieve energy saving and energy generation is critical to accelerate carbon neutrality. However, challenges on designing highly effective, large scale, and multifunctional photonic film hinder the concurrent combination of passive daytime radiative cooling (PDRC) and utilization of sustainable clean energies. Herein, a versatile scalable photonic film (Ecoflex@h-BN) with washable property and excellent mechanical stability is developed by combining the excellent scattering efficiency of the hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) nanoplates with the high infrared emissivity and ideal triboelectric negative property of the Ecoflex matrix. Strikingly, sufficiently high solar reflectance (0.92) and ideal emissivity (0.97) endow the Ecoflex@h-BN film with subambient cooling effect of ≈9.5 °C at midday during the continuous outdoor measurements. In addition, the PDRC Ecoflex@h-BN film-based triboelectric nanogenerator (PDRC-TENG) exhibits a maximum peak power density of 0.5 W m-2 . By reasonable structure design, the PDRC-TENG accomplishes effective wind energy harvesting and can successfully drive the electronic device. Meanwhile, an on-skin PDRC-TENG is fabricated to harvest human motion energy and monitor moving states. This research provides a novel design of a multifunctional PDRC photonic film, and offers a versatile strategy to realize concurrent PDRC and sustainable energies harvesting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Si Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Optical Technologies on Nano-Fabrication and Micro-Engineering, Institute of Optics and Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610209, China
| | - Yingjie Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Optical Technologies on Nano-Fabrication and Micro-Engineering, Institute of Optics and Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610209, China
- Key Laboratory of Opto-Electronic Technology and Systems of the Education Ministry, College of Opto-electronic Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Mingbo Pu
- State Key Laboratory of Optical Technologies on Nano-Fabrication and Micro-Engineering, Institute of Optics and Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610209, China
- Research Center on Vector Optical Fields, Institute of Optics and Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610209, China
| | - Mingfeng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Optical Technologies on Nano-Fabrication and Micro-Engineering, Institute of Optics and Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610209, China
- Research Center on Vector Optical Fields, Institute of Optics and Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610209, China
| | - Renyan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Optical Technologies on Nano-Fabrication and Micro-Engineering, Institute of Optics and Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610209, China
| | - Tao Yu
- Tianfu Xinglong Lake Laboratory, Chengdu, 610299, China
| | - Xiong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Optical Technologies on Nano-Fabrication and Micro-Engineering, Institute of Optics and Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610209, China
| | - Xiaoliang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Optical Technologies on Nano-Fabrication and Micro-Engineering, Institute of Optics and Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610209, China
| | - Yuanjie Su
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu, 610054, China
| | - Huiling Tai
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu, 610054, China
| | - Yongcai Guo
- Key Laboratory of Opto-Electronic Technology and Systems of the Education Ministry, College of Opto-electronic Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Xiangang Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Optical Technologies on Nano-Fabrication and Micro-Engineering, Institute of Optics and Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610209, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Liu S, Li Y, Wang Y, Du Y, Yu KM, Yip HL, Jen AKY, Huang B, Tso CY. Mask-inspired moisture-transmitting and durable thermochromic perovskite smart windows. Nat Commun 2024; 15:876. [PMID: 38291020 PMCID: PMC10827790 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45047-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Thermochromic perovskite smart windows (TPWs) are a cutting-edge energy-efficient window technology. However, like most perovskite-based devices, humidity-related degradation limits their widespread application. Herein, inspired by the structure of medical masks, a unique triple-layer thermochromic perovskite window (MTPW) that enable sufficient water vapor transmission to trigger the thermochromism but effectively repel detrimental water and moisture to extend its lifespan is developed. The MTPW demonstrates superhydrophobicity and maintains a solar modulation ability above 20% during a 45-day aging test, with a decay rate 37 times lower than that of a pristine TPW. It can also immobilize lead ions and significantly reduce lead leakage by 66 times. Furthermore, a significant haze reduction from 90% to 30% is achieved, overcoming the blurriness problem of TPWs. Benefiting from the improved optical performance, extended lifespan, suppressed lead leakage, and facile fabrication, the MTPW pushes forward the wide applications of smart windows in green buildings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sai Liu
- School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Manufacturing Technology of Zhejiang Province, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Physics, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yuwei Du
- School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kin Man Yu
- Department of Physics, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hin-Lap Yip
- School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
- Hong Kong Institute for Clean Energy, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Alex K Y Jen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
- Hong Kong Institute for Clean Energy, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Baoling Huang
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Chi Yan Tso
- School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Wu X, Li J, Xie F, Wu XE, Zhao S, Jiang Q, Zhang S, Wang B, Li Y, Gao D, Li R, Wang F, Huang Y, Zhao Y, Zhang Y, Li W, Zhu J, Zhang R. A dual-selective thermal emitter with enhanced subambient radiative cooling performance. Nat Commun 2024; 15:815. [PMID: 38280849 PMCID: PMC10821923 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45095-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Radiative cooling is a zero-energy technology that enables subambient cooling by emitting heat into outer space (~3 K) through the atmospheric transparent windows. However, existing designs typically focus only on the main atmospheric transparent window (8-13 μm) and ignore another window (16-25 μm), under-exploiting their cooling potential. Here, we show a dual-selective radiative cooling design based on a scalable thermal emitter, which exhibits selective emission in both atmospheric transparent windows and reflection in the remaining mid-infrared and solar wavebands. As a result, the dual-selective thermal emitter exhibits an ultrahigh subambient cooling capacity (~9 °C) under strong sunlight, surpassing existing typical thermal emitters (≥3 °C cooler) and commercial counterparts (as building materials). Furthermore, the dual-selective sample also exhibits high weather resistance and color compatibility, indicating a high practicality. This work provides a scalable and practical radiative cooling design for sustainable thermal management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xueke Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Jinlei Li
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fei Xie
- GPL Photonics Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Applications, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, PR China
| | - Xun-En Wu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Siming Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Qinyuan Jiang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Shiliang Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Baoshun Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yunrui Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Di Gao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Run Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Ya Huang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanlong Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yingying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Wei Li
- GPL Photonics Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Applications, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, PR China
| | - Jia Zhu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Rufan Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Lu J, Fan Y, Lou X, Xie W, Zhao B, Zhou H, Fan T. Diatomite-Based Recyclable and Green Coating for Efficient Radiative Cooling. Biomimetics (Basel) 2024; 9:50. [PMID: 38248624 PMCID: PMC10813072 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics9010050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Radiative cooling is a promising strategy to address energy challenges arising from global warming. Nevertheless, integrating optimal cooling performance with commercial applications is a considerable challenge. Here, we demonstrate a scalable and straightforward approach for fabricating green radiative cooling coating consisting of methyl cellulose matrix-random diatomites with water as a solvent. Because of the efficient scattering of the porous morphology of diatomite and the inherent absorption properties of both diatomite and cellulose, the aqueous coating exhibits an excellent solar reflectance of 94% in the range of 0.25-2.5 μm and a thermal emissivity of 0.9 in the range of 8-14 µm. During exposure to direct sunlight at noon, the obtained coating achieved a maximum subambient temperature drop of 6.1 °C on sunny days and 2.5 °C on cloudy days. Furthermore, diatomite is a naturally sourced material that requires minimal pre-processing, and our coatings can be prepared free from harmful organic compounds. Combined with cost-effectiveness and environmental friendliness, it offers a viable path for the commercial application of radiative cooling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Lu
- State Key Lab of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; (J.L.); (Y.F.); (X.L.); xie-- (W.X.); (B.Z.)
| | - Yile Fan
- State Key Lab of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; (J.L.); (Y.F.); (X.L.); xie-- (W.X.); (B.Z.)
| | - Xing Lou
- State Key Lab of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; (J.L.); (Y.F.); (X.L.); xie-- (W.X.); (B.Z.)
| | - Wei Xie
- State Key Lab of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; (J.L.); (Y.F.); (X.L.); xie-- (W.X.); (B.Z.)
| | - Binyuan Zhao
- State Key Lab of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; (J.L.); (Y.F.); (X.L.); xie-- (W.X.); (B.Z.)
| | - Han Zhou
- State Key Lab of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; (J.L.); (Y.F.); (X.L.); xie-- (W.X.); (B.Z.)
- Future Materials Innovation Center, Zhangjiang Institute for Advanced Study, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Tongxiang Fan
- State Key Lab of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; (J.L.); (Y.F.); (X.L.); xie-- (W.X.); (B.Z.)
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
So S, Yun J, Ko B, Lee D, Kim M, Noh J, Park C, Park J, Rho J. Radiative Cooling for Energy Sustainability: From Fundamentals to Fabrication Methods Toward Commercialization. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2305067. [PMID: 37949679 PMCID: PMC10787071 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202305067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Radiative cooling, a technology that lowers the temperature of terrestrial objects by dissipating heat into outer space, presents a promising ecologically-benign solution for sustainable cooling. Recent years witness substantial progress in radiative cooling technologies, bringing them closer to commercialization. This comprehensive review provides a structured overview of radiative cooling technologies, encompassing essential principles, fabrication techniques, and practical applications, with the goal of guiding researchers toward successful commercialization. The review begins by introducing the fundamentals of radiative cooling and the associated design strategies to achieve it. Then, various fabrication methods utilized for the realization of radiative cooling devices are thoroughly discussed. This discussion includes detailed assessments of scalability, fabrication costs, and performance considerations, encompassing both structural designs and fabrication techniques. Building upon these insights, potential fabrication approaches suitable for practical applications and commercialization are proposed. Further, the recent efforts made toward the practical applications of radiative cooling technology, including its visual appearance, switching capability, and compatibility are examined. By encompassing a broad range of topics, from fundamental principles to fabrication and applications, this review aims to bridge the gap between theoretical research and real-world implementation, fostering the advancement and widespread adoption of radiative cooling technology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sunae So
- Graduate School of Artificial Intelligence, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
- Department of Electro-Mechanical Systems Engineering, Korea University, Sejong, 30019, Republic of Korea
| | - Jooyeong Yun
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Byoungsu Ko
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Dasol Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju, 26493, Republic of Korea
| | - Minkyung Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaebum Noh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Cherry Park
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Junkyeong Park
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Junsuk Rho
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
- POSCO-POSTECH-RIST Convergence Research Center for Flat Optics and Metaphotonics, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Jung J, Yoon S, Kim B, Kim JB. Development of High-Performance Flexible Radiative Cooling Film Using PDMS/TiO 2 Microparticles. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:2223. [PMID: 38138392 PMCID: PMC10745724 DOI: 10.3390/mi14122223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Radiative cooling, which cools an object below its surrounding temperature without any energy consumption, is one of the most promising techniques for zero-energy systems. In principle, the radiative cooling technique reflects incident solar energy and emits its thermal radiation energy into outer space. To achieve maximized cooling performance, it is crucial to attain high spectral reflectance in the solar spectrum (0.3-2.5 μm) and high spectral emittance in the atmospheric window (8-13 μm). Despite the development of various radiative cooling techniques such as photonic crystals and metamaterials, applying the cooling technology in practical applications remains challenging due to its low flexibility and complicated manufacturing processes. Here, we develop a high-performance radiative cooling film using PDMS/TiO2 microparticles. Specifically, the design parameters such as microparticle diameter, microparticle volume fraction, and film thickness are considered through optical analysis. Additionally, we propose a novel fabrication process using low viscosity silicone oil for practical fabrication. The fabricated film accomplishes 67.1 W/m2 of cooling power, and we also analyze the cooling performance difference depending on the fabrication process based on the measurement and optical calculation results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junbo Jung
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kongju National University, Cheonan 31080, Republic of Korea;
| | - Siwon Yoon
- Energy Efficiency Research Division, Korea Institute of Energy Research, Daejeon 34129, Republic of Korea;
| | - Bumjoo Kim
- Department of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Kongju National University, Cheonan 31080, Republic of Korea
- Department of Future Convergence Engineering, Kongju National University, Cheonan 31080, Republic of Korea
| | - Joong Bae Kim
- Department of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Kongju National University, Cheonan 31080, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Reale Batista MD, Troksa AL, Eshelman HV, Bagge-Hansen M, Roehling JD. All-day passive radiative cooling using common salts. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2023; 10:5694-5703. [PMID: 37792457 DOI: 10.1039/d3mh01139a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Radiative cooling materials underperform compared to their theoretical potential due to parasitic heating from contact with ambient air. Solutions to this problem can be expensive or complex to fabricate. Here, a potentially inexpensive, simply fabricated material that improves cooling performance by reducing parasitic heating was created using naturally abundant salts. NaCl and KCl are not typically considered for radiative cooling because of their high hygroscopicity and low mechanical strength; however, these compounds are highly infrared-transparent and can be fabricated into aerogel-like foam structures to provide thermally insulating properties. The salt foams, described herein, scattered (reflected) visible light, transmitted infrared radiation, and provided thermal insulation. They were packaged into mechanical supporting panels to avoid physical disruption and the nanostructure was stabilized to moisture by adding an anti-caking agent. The panels were able to keep an underlying surface below ambient temperature for a full 24 hour cycle and reduced parasitic heating rate by more than half (compared to an uncovered surface). The panels were able to cool a variety of underlying surfaces, even highly absorbing surfaces that are normally well above ambient temperature during the day. This work demonstrates an affordable, easily produced, electricity-free cooling technology with potential to be manufactured for large-scale practical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Alyssa L Troksa
- Materials Science Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA, 94550, USA.
| | - Hannah V Eshelman
- Materials Science Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA, 94550, USA.
| | - Michael Bagge-Hansen
- Materials Science Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA, 94550, USA.
| | - John D Roehling
- Materials Science Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA, 94550, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Kim H, Yoo YJ, Yun JH, Heo SY, Song YM, Yeo WH. Outdoor Worker Stress Monitoring Electronics with Nanofabric Radiative Cooler-Based Thermal Management. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2301104. [PMID: 37548604 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202301104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Severe stress endangers outdoor workers who are in an exceedingly hot workplace. Although recent studies quantify stress levels on the human skin, they still rely on rigid, bulky sensor modules, causing data loss from motion artifacts and limited field-deployability for continuous health monitoring. Moreover, no prior work shows a wearable device that can endure heat exposure while showing continuous monitoring of a subject's stress under realistic working environments. Herein, a soft, field-deployable, wearable bioelectronic system is introduced for detecting outdoor workers' stress levels with negligible motion artifacts and controllable thermal management. A nanofabric radiative cooler (NFRC) and miniaturized sensors with a nanomembrane soft electronic platform are integrated to measure stable electrodermal activities and temperature in hot outdoor conditions. The NFRC exhibits outstanding cooling performance in sub-ambient air with high solar reflectivity and high thermal emissivity. The integrated wearable device with all embedded electronic components and the NFRC shows a lower temperature (41.1%) in sub-ambient air than the NFRC-less device while capturing improved operation time (18.2%). In vivo human study of the bioelectronics with agricultural activities demonstrates the device's capability for portable, continuous, real-time health monitoring of outdoor workers with field deployability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hojoong Kim
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
- IEN Center for Human-Centric Interfaces and Engineering, Institute for Electronics and Nanotechnology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Young Jin Yoo
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo Ho Yun
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Se-Yeon Heo
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Min Song
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
- Anti-Viral Research Center, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
- AI Graduate School, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Woon-Hong Yeo
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
- IEN Center for Human-Centric Interfaces and Engineering, Institute for Electronics and Nanotechnology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Institute for Materials, Neural Engineering Center, Institute for Robotics and Intelligent Machines, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Xiong L, Wei Y, Chen C, Chen X, Fu Q, Deng H. Thin lamellar films with enhanced mechanical properties for durable radiative cooling. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6129. [PMID: 37783720 PMCID: PMC10545832 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41797-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Passive daytime radiative cooling is a promising path to tackle energy, environment and security issues originated from global warming. However, the contradiction between desired high solar reflectivity and necessary applicable performance is a major limitation at this stage. Herein, we demonstrate a "Solvent exchange-Reprotonation" processing strategy to fabricate a lamellar structure integrating aramid nanofibers with core-shell TiO2-coated Mica microplatelets for enhanced strength and durability without compromising optical performance. Such approach enables a slow but complete two-step protonation transition and the formation of three-dimensional dendritic networks with strong fibrillar joints, where overloaded scatterers are stably grasped and anchored in alignment, thereby resulting in a high strength of ~112 MPa as well as excellent environmental durability including ultraviolet aging, high temperature, scratches, etc. Notably, the strong backward scattering excited by multiple core-shell and shell-air interfaces guarantees a balanced reflectivity (~92%) and thickness (~25 μm), which is further revealed by outdoor tests where attainable subambient temperature drops are ~3.35 °C for daytime and ~6.11 °C for nighttime. Consequently, both the cooling capacity and comprehensive outdoor-services performance, greatly push radiative cooling towards real-world applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lianhu Xiong
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, 610065, Chengdu, China
| | - Yun Wei
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, 610065, Chengdu, China
| | - Chuanliang Chen
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, 610065, Chengdu, China
| | - Xin Chen
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, 610065, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiang Fu
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, 610065, Chengdu, China.
| | - Hua Deng
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, 610065, Chengdu, China.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Gu B, Xu Q, Wang H, Pan H, Zhao D. A Hierarchically Nanofibrous Self-Cleaning Textile for Efficient Personal Thermal Management in Severe Hot and Cold Environments. ACS NANO 2023; 17:18308-18317. [PMID: 37703206 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c05460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Climate change has recently caused more and more severe temperatures, inducing a growing demand for personal thermal management at outdoors. However, designing textiles that can achieve personal thermoregulation without energy consumption in severely hot and cold environments remains a huge challenge. Herein, a hierarchically nanofibrous (HNF) textile with improved thermal insulation and radiative thermal management functions is fabricated for efficient personal thermal management in severe temperatures. The textile consists of a radiative cooling layer, an intermediate thermal insulation layer, and a radiative heating layer, wherein the porous lignocellulose aerogel membrane (LCAM) as intermediate layer has low thermal conductivity (0.0366 W·m-1·K-1), ensuring less heat loss in cold weather and blocking external heat in hot weather. The introduction of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) increases the thermal emissivity (90.4%) of the radiative cooling layer in the atmospheric window and also endows it with a perfect self-cleaning performance. Solar absorptivity (80.1%) of the radiative heating layer is dramatically increased by adding only 0.05 wt% of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) into polyacrylonitrile. An outdoor test demonstrates that the HNF textile can achieve a temperature drop of 7.2 °C compared with white cotton in a hot environment and can be as high as 12.2 °C warmer than black cotton in a cold environment. In addition, the HNF textile possesses excellent moisture permeability, breathability, and directional perspiration performances, making it promising for personal thermal management in severely hot and cold environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Gu
- School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China
| | - Qihao Xu
- School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China
| | - Hongkui Wang
- School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China
| | - Haodan Pan
- School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China
| | - Dongliang Zhao
- School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China
- Institute of Science and Technology for Carbon Neutrality, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China
- Engineering Research Center of Building Equipment, Energy, and Environment, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Sun H, Chen Y, Zeng W, Tang F, Bi Y, Lu Q, Mondal AK, Huang L, Chen L, Li J. Solution-processable, robust and sustainable cooler via nano-structured engineering. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 314:120948. [PMID: 37173049 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.120948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Passive daytime radiative cooling (PDRC) materials simultaneously featuring aesthetic and safety distinctions demonstrate versatile applications beyond cooling buildings, while the integrated advantages of high strength, morphological reconfigurability, and sustainability remain challenging for the conventional PDRC materials. Herein, we designed a robust, custom-shaped and eco-friendly cooler via a scalable solution-processable strategy, involving the nano-scale assembly of nano cellulose (NC) and inorganic nanoparticle (e.g., ZrO2, SiO2, BaSO4, and hydroxyapatite). The robust cooler shows an interesting "brick-and-mortar" structure, where the NC constructs interwoven framework (as brick structure) and the inorganic nanoparticle uniformly locates in the skeleton (as mortar structure), collectively contributing to high mechanical strength (>80 MPa) and flexibility. In addition, the structural and chemical distinctions enable our cooler to show a high solar reflectance (>96 %) and mid-infrared emissivity (>0.9), demonstrating a sub-ambient average temperature drop of 8.8 °C in long-term outdoor environments. The high-performance cooler with robustness, scalability and environmental friendliness, serves as a competitive participant toward the advanced PDRC materials in our low-carbon society.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haodong Sun
- College of Material Engineering, National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Plant Fiber Functional Materials, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yuwen Chen
- College of Material Engineering, National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Plant Fiber Functional Materials, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Wenchao Zeng
- College of Material Engineering, National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Plant Fiber Functional Materials, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Fengjie Tang
- College of Material Engineering, National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Plant Fiber Functional Materials, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yinghao Bi
- College of Material Engineering, National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Plant Fiber Functional Materials, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Qingxin Lu
- College of Material Engineering, National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Plant Fiber Functional Materials, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Ajoy Kanti Mondal
- Leather Research Institute, Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Savar, Dhaka 1350, Bangladesh
| | - Liulian Huang
- College of Material Engineering, National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Plant Fiber Functional Materials, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Lihui Chen
- College of Material Engineering, National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Plant Fiber Functional Materials, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Jianguo Li
- College of Material Engineering, National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Plant Fiber Functional Materials, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Kousis I, D’Amato R, Pisello AL, Latterini L. Daytime Radiative Cooling: A Perspective toward Urban Heat Island Mitigation. ACS ENERGY LETTERS 2023; 8:3239-3250. [PMID: 37469389 PMCID: PMC10353003 DOI: 10.1021/acsenergylett.3c00905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Traditional cooling and heating systems in residential buildings account for more than 15% of global electricity consumption and 10% of global emissions of greenhouse gases. Daytime radiative cooling (DRC) is an emerging passive cooling technology that has garnered significant interest in recent years due to its high cooling capability. It is expected to play a pivotal role in improving indoor and outdoor urban environments by mitigating surface and air temperatures while decreasing relevant energy demand. Yet, DRC is in its infancy, and thus several challenges need to be addressed to establish its efficient wide-scale application into the built environment. In this Perspective, we critically discuss the strategies and progress in materials development to achieve DRC and highlight the challenges and future paths to pave the way for real-life applications. Advances in nanofabrication in combination with the establishment of uniform experimental protocols, both in the laboratory/field and through simulations, are expected to drive economic increases in DRC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Kousis
- Environmental
Applied Physics Lab (EAPLAB) at Interuniversity Research Center on
Pollution and Environment (CIRIAF), University
of Perugia, Via G. Duranti 63, Perugia 06125, Italy
| | - Roberto D’Amato
- Nano4Light-Lab,
Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, Perugia 06123, Italy
| | - Anna Laura Pisello
- Environmental
Applied Physics Lab (EAPLAB) at Interuniversity Research Center on
Pollution and Environment (CIRIAF), University
of Perugia, Via G. Duranti 63, Perugia 06125, Italy
- Department
of Engineering, University of Perugia, Via G. Duranti 97, Perugia 06125, Italy
| | - Loredana Latterini
- Nano4Light-Lab,
Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, Perugia 06123, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Feng S, Yao L, Chen X, Liu C, Bu X, Huang Y, He M, Zhou Y. Dual-asymmetrically selective interfaces-enhanced poly(lactic acid)-based nanofabric with sweat management and switchable radiative cooling and thermal insulation. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 648:117-128. [PMID: 37295363 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.05.185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
All-weather personal thermal regulation has far been challenged by variable environments especially the regulatory failure caused by highly-dense solar radiation, low environmental radiation and the fluctuated epidermal moisture in different seasons. Herein, from the design of interface selectivity, dual-asymmetrically optical and wetting selective polylactic acid-based (PLA) Janus-type nanofabric is proposed to achieve on-demand radiative cooling and heating as well as sweat transportation. Hollow TiO2 particles are introduced in PLA nanofabric causing high interface scattering (∼99%) and infrared emission (∼91.2%) as well as surface hydrophobicity (CA > 140°). The strictly optical and wetting selectivity help achieve ∼12.8℃ of net cooling effect under > 1500 W/m2 of solar power and ∼5℃ of cooling advantage higher than cotton fabric and sweat resistance simultaneously. Contrarily, the semi-embedded Ag nanowires (AgNWs) with high conductivity (0.245 Ω/sq) endows the nanofabric with visible water permeability and excellent interface reflection for thermal radiation from body (>65%) thus causing ∼7℃ of thermal shielding. Through simple interface flipping, synergistical cooling-sweat reducing and warming-sweat resisting can be achieved to satisfy the thermal regulation in all weather. Compared with conventional fabrics, multi-functional Janus-type passive personal thermal management nanofabrics would be of great significance to achieve the personal health maintenance and energy sustainability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuangjiang Feng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Jiangsu Optoelectronic Functional Materials and Engineering Laboratory, Nanjing 211100, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Lei Yao
- School of Physics, Southeast University, Nanjing 211100, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xi Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Jiangsu Optoelectronic Functional Materials and Engineering Laboratory, Nanjing 211100, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Chenghuan Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Jiangsu Optoelectronic Functional Materials and Engineering Laboratory, Nanjing 211100, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiaohai Bu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Jiangsu Optoelectronic Functional Materials and Engineering Laboratory, Nanjing 211100, Jiangsu Province, China; School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Institute of Technology, Nanjing 211167, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yuzhong Huang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Jiangsu Optoelectronic Functional Materials and Engineering Laboratory, Nanjing 211100, Jiangsu Province, China; ZYfire Hose Co., Ltd, Taizhou 225599, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Man He
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Jiangsu Optoelectronic Functional Materials and Engineering Laboratory, Nanjing 211100, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Yuming Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Jiangsu Optoelectronic Functional Materials and Engineering Laboratory, Nanjing 211100, Jiangsu Province, China.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Li M, Lin C, Li K, Ma W, Dopphoopha B, Li Y, Huang B. A UV-Reflective Organic-Inorganic Tandem Structure for Efficient and Durable Daytime Radiative Cooling in Harsh Climates. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023:e2301159. [PMID: 37178354 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202301159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Radiative cooling shows great promise in eco-friendly space cooling due to its zero-energy consumption. For subambient cooling in hot humid subtropical/tropical climates, achieving ultrahigh solar reflectance (≥96%), durable ultraviolet (UV) resistance, and surface superhydrophobicity simultaneously is critical, which, however, is challenging for most state-of-the-art scalable polymer-based coolers. Here an organic-inorganic tandem structure is reported to address this challenge, which comprises a bottom high-refractive-index polyethersulfone (PES) cooling layer with bimodal honeycomb pores, an alumina (Al2 O3 ) nanoparticle UV reflecting layer with superhydrophobicity, and a middle UV absorption layer of titanium dioxide (TiO2 ) nanoparticles, thus providing thorough protection from UV and self-cleaning capability together with outstanding cooling performance. The PES-TiO2 -Al2 O3 cooler demonstrates a record-high solar reflectance of over 0.97 and high mid-infrared emissivity of 0.92, which can maintain their optical properties intact even after equivalent 280-day UV exposure despite the UV-sensitivity of PES. This cooler achieves a subambient cooling temperature up to 3 °C at summer noontime and 5 °C at autumn noontime without solar shading or convection cover in a subtropical coastal city, Hong Kong. This tandem structure can be extended to other polymer-based designs, offering a UV-resist but reliable radiative cooling solution in hot humid climates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meng Li
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, Kowloon, 999077, China
| | - Chongjia Lin
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, Kowloon, 999077, China
| | - Keqiao Li
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, Kowloon, 999077, China
| | - Wei Ma
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, Kowloon, 999077, China
| | - Benjamin Dopphoopha
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, Kowloon, 999077, China
| | - Yang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Manufacturing Technology of Zhejiang Province, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Baoling Huang
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, Kowloon, 999077, China
- HKUST Shenzhen-Hong Kong Collaborative Innovation Research Institute, Futian, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- HKUST Foshan Research Institute for Smart Manufacturing, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, Kowloon, 999077, China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Gao W, Chen Y. Emerging Materials and Strategies for Passive Daytime Radiative Cooling. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2206145. [PMID: 36604963 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202206145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
In recent decades, the growing demands for energy saving and accompanying heat mitigation concerns, together with the vital goal for carbon neutrality, have drawn human attention to the zero-energy-consumption cooling technique. Recent breakthroughs in passive daytime radiative cooling (PDRC) might be a potent approach to combat the energy crisis and environmental challenges by directly dissipating ambient heat from the Earth to the cold outer space instead of only moving the heat across the Earth's surface. Despite significant progress in cooling mechanisms, materials design, and application exploration, PDRC faces potential functionalization, durability, and commercialization challenges. Herein, emerging materials and rational strategies for PDRC devices are reviewed. First, the fundamental physics and thermodynamic concepts of PDRC are examined, followed by a discussion on several categories of PDRC devices developed to date according to their implementation mechanism and material properties. Emerging strategies for performance enhancement and specific functions of PDRC are discussed in detail. Potential applications and possible directions for designing next-generation high-efficiency PDRC are also discussed. It is hoped that this review will contribute to exciting advances in PDRC and aid its potential applications in various fields.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Gao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Heat Fluid Flow Technology and Energy Application, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, P. R. China
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Yongping Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Heat Fluid Flow Technology and Energy Application, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Zhou K, Yan X, Oh SJ, Padilla-Rivera G, Kim HA, Cropek DM, Miljkovic N, Cai L. Hierarchically Patterned Self-Cleaning Polymer Composites for Daytime Radiative Cooling. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:3669-3677. [PMID: 37079783 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c04069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Passive daytime radiative cooling (PDRC) has the potential to reduce energy demand and mitigate global warming. However, surface contamination from dust and bacterial buildup limits practical PDRC applications. Here, we develop a hierarchically patterned nanoporous composite (HPNC) using a facile template-molding fabrication method to integrate PDRC materials with self-cleaning and antibacterial functions. The HPNC design decouples multifunctional control into different characteristic length scales that can be optimized simultaneously. The nanoporous polymer matrix embedded with tunable fillers enables 7.8 and 4.4 °C temperature reduction for outdoor personal and building cooling, respectively, under intense solar irradiance. Meanwhile, a microscale pillar array pattern integrated into the HPNC enables superhydrophobicity with self-cleaning and antisoiling functions to mitigate surface contamination. Moreover, the surface coating of photocatalytic agents can generate photoinduced antibacterial effects. The scalable fabrication and multifunctional capabilities of our HPNC design offer a promising solution for practical PDRC applications with minimal maintenance needs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zhou
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Xiao Yan
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Seung J Oh
- U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Engineer Research and Development Center, Construction Engineering Research Laboratory, Champaign, Illinois 61822, United States
| | - Gabriela Padilla-Rivera
- U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Engineer Research and Development Center, Construction Engineering Research Laboratory, Champaign, Illinois 61822, United States
| | - Hyunjung A Kim
- U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Engineer Research and Development Center, Construction Engineering Research Laboratory, Champaign, Illinois 61822, United States
| | - Donald M Cropek
- U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Engineer Research and Development Center, Construction Engineering Research Laboratory, Champaign, Illinois 61822, United States
| | - Nenad Miljkovic
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- International Institute for Carbon Neutral Energy Research (WPI-I2CNER), Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Lili Cai
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Gao F, Tong Z, Xiao W, Liu Q, Lu J, Hou Y, He Q, Gao X, Cheng D, Zhan X, Ma Y, Zhang Q. Structural Engineering of Hierarchical Aerogels Hybrid Networks for Efficient Thermal Comfort Management and Versatile Protection. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023:e2301164. [PMID: 36919943 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202301164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, growing concerns regarding energy efficiency and heat mitigation, along with the critical goal of carbon neutrality, have drawn human attention to the zero-energy-consumption cooling technique. Passive daytime radiative cooling (PDRC) can be an invaluable tool for combating climate change by dispersing ambient heat directly into outer space instead of just transferring it across the surface. Although significant progress has been made in cooling mechanisms, materials design, and application exploration, PDRC faces challenges regarding functionality, durability, and commercialization. Herein, a silica nanofiber aerogels (SNAs) functionalized poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropene) (P(VDF-HFP)) membrane (SFP membrane), inspired by constructional engineering is constructed. As-prepared membranes with flexible network structure combined hierarchical structure design and practicability principal. As the host material for thermal comfort management (TCM) and versatile protection, the SFP membrane features a large surface area, porous structure, and a robust skeleton that can render excellent mechanical properties. Importantly, the SFP membrane can keep exceptional solar reflectivity (0.95) and strong mid-infrared emittance (0.98) drop the temperature to 12.5 °C below ambient and 96 W m-2 cooling power under typical solar intensities over 910 W m-2 . This work provides a promising avenue for high performance aerogel membranes that can be created for use in a wide variety of applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Gao
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Chemical Engineering Manufacture Technology, College of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Zheming Tong
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Chemical Engineering Manufacture Technology, College of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Weiqiang Xiao
- Research department of technology center, Zhejiang China Tobacco Industry Co., Ltd, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Quan Liu
- Special polymer research institute, Quzhou Research Institute Zhejiang University, Quzhou, 324000, China
| | - Jianguo Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Yang Hou
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Chemical Engineering Manufacture Technology, College of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
- Special polymer research institute, Quzhou Research Institute Zhejiang University, Quzhou, 324000, China
| | - Qinggang He
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Chemical Engineering Manufacture Technology, College of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Xiang Gao
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Chemical Engineering Manufacture Technology, College of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Dangguo Cheng
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Chemical Engineering Manufacture Technology, College of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
- Special polymer research institute, Quzhou Research Institute Zhejiang University, Quzhou, 324000, China
| | - Xiaoli Zhan
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Chemical Engineering Manufacture Technology, College of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
- Special polymer research institute, Quzhou Research Institute Zhejiang University, Quzhou, 324000, China
| | - Yaoguang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, International Research Center for Advanced Photonics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Qinghua Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Chemical Engineering Manufacture Technology, College of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
- Special polymer research institute, Quzhou Research Institute Zhejiang University, Quzhou, 324000, China
| |
Collapse
|