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Hanssen DAT, Arts K, Nix WHV, Sweelssen NNB, Welbers TTJ, de Theije C, Wieten L, Pagen DME, Brinkhues S, Penders J, Dukers-Muijrers NHTM, Hoebe CJPA, Savelkoul PHM, van Loo IHM. SARS-CoV-2 cellular and humoral responses in vaccine-naive individuals during the first two waves of COVID-19 infections in the southern region of The Netherlands: a cross-sectional population-based study. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0012624. [PMID: 38686954 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00126-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
With the emergence of highly transmissible variants of concern, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) still poses a global threat of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) resurgence. Cellular responses to novel variants are more robustly maintained than humoral responses, and therefore, cellular responses are of interest in assessing immune protection against severe disease in the population. We aimed to assess cellular responses to SARS-CoV-2 at the population level. IFNγ (interferon γ) responses to wild-type SARS-CoV-2 were analyzed using an ELISpot assay in vaccine-naive individuals with different humoral responses: Ig (IgM and/or IgG) seronegative (n = 90) and seropositive (n = 181) with low (<300 U/mL) or high (≥300 U/mL) humoral responses to the spike receptor binding domain (anti-S-RBD). Among the seropositive participants, 71.3% (129/181) were IFNγ ELISpot positive, compared to 15.6% (14/90) among the seronegative participants. Common COVID-19 symptoms such as fever and ageusia were associated with IFNγ ELISpot positivity in seropositive participants, whereas no participant characteristics were associated with IFNγ ELISpot positivity in seronegative participants. Fever and/or dyspnea and anti-S-RBD levels were associated with higher IFNγ responses. Symptoms of more severe disease and higher anti-S-RBD responses were associated with higher IFNγ responses. A significant proportion (15.6%) of seronegative participants had a positive IFNγ ELISpot. Assessment of cellular responses may improve estimates of the immune response to SARS-CoV-2 in the general population. IMPORTANCE Data on adaptive cellular immunity are of interest to define immune protection against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 in a population, which is important for decision-making on booster-vaccination strategies. This study provides data on associations between participant characteristics and cellular immune responses in vaccine-naive individuals with different humoral responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- D A T Hanssen
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Infection Prevention, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - K Arts
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Infection Prevention, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - W H V Nix
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Infection Prevention, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - N N B Sweelssen
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Infection Prevention, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - T T J Welbers
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Infection Prevention, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - C de Theije
- BioBank Maastricht UMC+, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - L Wieten
- Department of Transplantation Immunology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - D M E Pagen
- Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Sexual Health, Infectious Diseases and Environmental Health, Living Lab Public Health, Public Health Service (GGD) South Limburg, Heerlen, The Netherlands
- Department of Social Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - S Brinkhues
- Department of Knowledge and Innovation, Public Health Service (GGD) South Limburg, Heerlen, The Netherlands
| | - J Penders
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Infection Prevention, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - N H T M Dukers-Muijrers
- Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Sexual Health, Infectious Diseases and Environmental Health, Living Lab Public Health, Public Health Service (GGD) South Limburg, Heerlen, The Netherlands
- Department of Health Promotion, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - C J P A Hoebe
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Infection Prevention, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Sexual Health, Infectious Diseases and Environmental Health, Living Lab Public Health, Public Health Service (GGD) South Limburg, Heerlen, The Netherlands
- Department of Social Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - P H M Savelkoul
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Infection Prevention, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - I H M van Loo
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Infection Prevention, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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2
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Bianco A, Di Sante G, Colò F, De Arcangelis V, Cicia A, Del Giacomo P, De Bonis M, Morganti TG, Carlomagno V, Lucchini M, Minucci A, Calabresi P, Mirabella M. Multiple Sclerosis Onset before and after COVID-19 Vaccination: Can HLA Haplotype Be Determinant? Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4556. [PMID: 38674141 PMCID: PMC11050425 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2024] [Revised: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
A few cases of multiple sclerosis (MS) onset after COVID-19 vaccination have been reported, although the evidence is insufficient to establish causality. The aim of this study is to compare cases of newly diagnosed relapsing-remitting MS before and after the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic and the impact of COVID-19 vaccination. Potential environmental and genetic predisposing factors were also investigated, as well as clinical patterns. This is a single-centre retrospective cohort study including all patients who presented with relapsing-remitting MS onset between January 2018 and July 2022. Data on COVID-19 vaccination administration, dose, and type were collected. HLA-DRB1 genotyping was performed in three subgroups. A total of 266 patients received a new diagnosis of relapsing-remitting MS in our centre, 143 before the COVID-19 pandemic (until and including March 2020), and 123 during the COVID-19 era (from April 2020). The mean number of new MS onset cases per year was not different before and during the COVID-19 era and neither were baseline patients' characteristics, type of onset, clinical recovery, or radiological patterns. Fourteen (11.4%) patients who subsequently received a new diagnosis of MS had a history of COVID-19 vaccination within one month before symptoms onset. Patients' characteristics, type of onset, clinical recovery, and radiological patterns did not differ from those of patients with non-vaccine-related new diagnoses of MS. The allele frequencies of HLA-DRB1*15 were 17.6% and 22.2% in patients with non-vaccine-related disease onset before and during the COVID-19 era, respectively, while no case of HLA-DRB1*15 was identified among patients with a new diagnosis of MS post-COVID-19 vaccine. In contrast, HLA-DRB1*08+ or HLA-DRB1*10+ MS patients were present only in this subgroup. Although a causal link between COVID-19 vaccination and relapsing-remitting MS cannot be detected, it is interesting to note and speculate about the peculiarities and heterogeneities underlying disease mechanisms of MS, where the interactions of genetics and the environment could be crucial also for the follow-up and the evaluation of therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Assunta Bianco
- Division of Neurology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Department of Neurosciences, Centro di Ricerca per la Sclerosi Multipla “Anna Paola Batocchi”, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriele Di Sante
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Section of Human, Clinical and Forensic Anatomy, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Francesca Colò
- Department of Neurosciences, Centro di Ricerca per la Sclerosi Multipla “Anna Paola Batocchi”, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Valeria De Arcangelis
- Division of Neurology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Cicia
- Department of Neurosciences, Centro di Ricerca per la Sclerosi Multipla “Anna Paola Batocchi”, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Del Giacomo
- Department of Laboratory and Infectious Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria De Bonis
- Departmental Unit of Molecular and Genomic Diagnostics, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Genomics Core Facility, Gemelli Science and Technology Park (G-STeP), Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Tommaso Giuseppe Morganti
- Department of Neurosciences, Centro di Ricerca per la Sclerosi Multipla “Anna Paola Batocchi”, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Carlomagno
- Department of Neurosciences, Centro di Ricerca per la Sclerosi Multipla “Anna Paola Batocchi”, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Matteo Lucchini
- Division of Neurology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Department of Neurosciences, Centro di Ricerca per la Sclerosi Multipla “Anna Paola Batocchi”, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Angelo Minucci
- Departmental Unit of Molecular and Genomic Diagnostics, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Genomics Core Facility, Gemelli Science and Technology Park (G-STeP), Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Calabresi
- Division of Neurology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Department of Neurosciences, Centro di Ricerca per la Sclerosi Multipla “Anna Paola Batocchi”, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Mirabella
- Division of Neurology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Department of Neurosciences, Centro di Ricerca per la Sclerosi Multipla “Anna Paola Batocchi”, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy
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3
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Le Bert N, Samandari T. Silent battles: immune responses in asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection. Cell Mol Immunol 2024; 21:159-170. [PMID: 38221577 PMCID: PMC10805869 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-024-01127-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 infections manifest with a broad spectrum of presentations, ranging from asymptomatic infections to severe pneumonia and fatal outcomes. This review centers on asymptomatic infections, a widely reported phenomenon that has substantially contributed to the rapid spread of the pandemic. In such asymptomatic infections, we focus on the role of innate, humoral, and cellular immunity. Notably, asymptomatic infections are characterized by an early and robust innate immune response, particularly a swift type 1 IFN reaction, alongside a rapid and broad induction of SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells. Often, antibody levels tend to be lower or undetectable after asymptomatic infections, suggesting that the rapid control of viral replication by innate and cellular responses might impede the full triggering of humoral immunity. Even if antibody levels are present in the early convalescent phase, they wane rapidly below serological detection limits, particularly following asymptomatic infection. Consequently, prevalence studies reliant solely on serological assays likely underestimate the extent of community exposure to the virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Le Bert
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Taraz Samandari
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
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4
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Safont G, Villar-Hernández R, Smalchuk D, Stojanovic Z, Marín A, Lacoma A, Pérez-Cano C, López-Martínez A, Molina-Moya B, Solis AJ, Arméstar F, Matllo J, Díaz-Fernández S, Romero I, Casas I, Strecker K, Preyer R, Rosell A, Latorre I, Domínguez J. Measurement of IFN-γ and IL-2 for the assessment of the cellular immunity against SARS-CoV-2. Sci Rep 2024; 14:1137. [PMID: 38212416 PMCID: PMC10784529 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-51505-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The study of specific T-cell responses against SARS-CoV-2 is important for understanding long-term immunity and infection management. The aim of this study was to assess the dual IFN-γ and IL-2 detection, using a SARS-CoV-2 specific fluorescence ELISPOT, in patients undergoing acute disease, during convalescence, and after vaccination. We also evaluated humoral response and compared with T-cells with the aim of correlating both types of responses, and increase the number of specific response detection. Blood samples were drawn from acute COVID-19 patients and convalescent individuals classified according to disease severity; and from unvaccinated and vaccinated uninfected individuals. IgGs against Spike and nucleocapsid, IgMs against nucleocapsid, and neutralizing antibodies were also analyzed. Our results show that IFN-γ in combination with IL-2 increases response detection in acute and convalescent individuals (p = 0.023). In addition, IFN-γ detection can be a useful biomarker for monitoring severe acute patients, as our results indicate that those individuals with a poor outcome have lower levels of this cytokine. In some cases, the lack of cellular immunity is compensated by antibodies, confirming the role of both types of immune responses in infection, and confirming that their dual detection can increase the number of specific response detections. In summary, IFN-γ/IL-2 dual detection is promising for characterizing and assessing the immunization status, and helping in the patient management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillem Safont
- Institut d'Investigació Germans Trias i Pujol, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Departament de Genètica i Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Raquel Villar-Hernández
- Institut d'Investigació Germans Trias i Pujol, Barcelona, Spain
- Genome Identification Diagnostics GmbH (GenID), Straßberg, Germany
| | - Daria Smalchuk
- Institut d'Investigació Germans Trias i Pujol, Barcelona, Spain
- Odesa I. I. Mechnykov National University, Odesa, Ukraine
| | - Zoran Stojanovic
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Departament de Genètica i Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Pulmonology Department, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
| | - Alicia Marín
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Departament de Genètica i Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Pulmonology Department, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
| | - Alicia Lacoma
- Institut d'Investigació Germans Trias i Pujol, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Departament de Genètica i Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Pérez-Cano
- Basic Unit for the Prevention of Occupational Risks (UBP), Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
| | - Anabel López-Martínez
- Basic Unit for the Prevention of Occupational Risks (UBP), Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
| | - Bárbara Molina-Moya
- Institut d'Investigació Germans Trias i Pujol, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Departament de Genètica i Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alan Jhunior Solis
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Departament de Genètica i Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Pulmonology Department, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
| | - Fernando Arméstar
- Intensive Care Medicine Department, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias I Pujol, Badalona, Spain
| | - Joan Matllo
- Basic Unit for the Prevention of Occupational Risks (UBP), Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
| | - Sergio Díaz-Fernández
- Institut d'Investigació Germans Trias i Pujol, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Departament de Genètica i Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Iris Romero
- Institut d'Investigació Germans Trias i Pujol, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Departament de Genètica i Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Irma Casas
- Departament de Genètica i Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Preventive Medicine Department, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
| | - Kevin Strecker
- Genome Identification Diagnostics GmbH (GenID), Straßberg, Germany
| | - Rosemarie Preyer
- Genome Identification Diagnostics GmbH (GenID), Straßberg, Germany
| | - Antoni Rosell
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Departament de Genètica i Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Pulmonology Department, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
| | - Irene Latorre
- Institut d'Investigació Germans Trias i Pujol, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Departament de Genètica i Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jose Domínguez
- Institut d'Investigació Germans Trias i Pujol, Barcelona, Spain.
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
- Departament de Genètica i Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
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5
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Raineri A, Radtke T, Rueegg S, Haile SR, Menges D, Ballouz T, Ulyte A, Fehr J, Cornejo DL, Pantaleo G, Pellaton C, Fenwick C, Puhan MA, Kriemler S. Persistent humoral immune response in youth throughout the COVID-19 pandemic: prospective school-based cohort study. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7764. [PMID: 38012137 PMCID: PMC10682435 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43330-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the development of humoral immune responses of children and adolescents to SARS-CoV-2 is essential for designing effective public health measures. Here we examine the changes of humoral immune response in school-aged children and adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic (June 2020 to July 2022), with a specific interest in the Omicron variant (beginning of 2022). In our study "Ciao Corona", we assess in each of the five testing rounds between 1874 and 2500 children and adolescents from 55 schools in the canton of Zurich with a particular focus on a longitudinal cohort (n=751). By July 2022, 96.9% (95% credible interval 95.3-98.1%) of children and adolescents have SARS-CoV-2 anti-spike IgG (S-IgG) antibodies. Those with hybrid immunity or vaccination have higher S-IgG titres and stronger neutralising responses against Wildtype, Delta and Omicron BA.1 variants compared to those infected but unvaccinated. S-IgG persist over 18 months in 93% of children and adolescents. During the study period one adolescent was hospitalised for less than 24 hours possibly related to an acute SARS-CoV-2 infection. These findings show that the Omicron wave and the rollout of vaccines boosted S-IgG titres and neutralising capacity. Trial registration number: NCT04448717. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04448717 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Raineri
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute (EBPI), University of Zurich, Hirschengraben 84, 8001 Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Radtke
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute (EBPI), University of Zurich, Hirschengraben 84, 8001 Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sonja Rueegg
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute (EBPI), University of Zurich, Hirschengraben 84, 8001 Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sarah R Haile
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute (EBPI), University of Zurich, Hirschengraben 84, 8001 Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Dominik Menges
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute (EBPI), University of Zurich, Hirschengraben 84, 8001 Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Tala Ballouz
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute (EBPI), University of Zurich, Hirschengraben 84, 8001 Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Agne Ulyte
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute (EBPI), University of Zurich, Hirschengraben 84, 8001 Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jan Fehr
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute (EBPI), University of Zurich, Hirschengraben 84, 8001 Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Daniel L Cornejo
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute (EBPI), University of Zurich, Hirschengraben 84, 8001 Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Giuseppe Pantaleo
- Service of Immunology and Allergy, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Céline Pellaton
- Service of Immunology and Allergy, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Craig Fenwick
- Service of Immunology and Allergy, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Milo A Puhan
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute (EBPI), University of Zurich, Hirschengraben 84, 8001 Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Susi Kriemler
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute (EBPI), University of Zurich, Hirschengraben 84, 8001 Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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6
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Pumarega J, Gasull M, Koponen J, Campi L, Rantakokko P, Henríquez-Hernández LA, Aguilar R, Donat-Vargas C, Zumbado M, Villar-García J, Rius C, Santiago-Díaz P, Vidal M, Jimenez A, Iglesias M, Dobaño C, Moncunill G, Porta M. Prepandemic personal concentrations of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and other pollutants: Specific and combined effects on the incidence of COVID-19 disease and SARS-CoV-2 infection. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 237:116965. [PMID: 37652221 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the specific and combined effects of personal concentrations of some per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), other persistent organic pollutants (POPs), and chemical elements -measured in individuals' blood several years before the pandemic- on the development of SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 disease in the general population. METHODS We conducted a prospective cohort study in 240 individuals from the general population of Barcelona. PFAS, other POPs, and chemical elements were measured in plasma, serum, and whole blood samples, respectively, collected in 2016-2017. PFAS were analyzed by liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. SARS-CoV-2 infection was detected by rRT-PCR in nasopharyngeal swabs and/or antibody serology in blood samples collected in 2020-2021. RESULTS No individual PFAS nor their mixtures were significantly associated with SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity or COVID-19 disease. Previously identified mixtures of POPs and elements (Porta et al., 2023) remained significantly associated with seropositivity and COVID-19 when adjusted for PFAS (all OR > 4 or p < 0.05). Nine chemicals comprised mixtures associated with COVID-19: thallium, ruthenium, lead, benzo[b]fluoranthene, DDD, other DDT-related compounds, manganese, tantalum, and aluminium. And nine chemicals comprised the mixtures more consistently associated with SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity: thallium, ruthenium, lead, benzo[b]fluoranthene, DDD, gold, and (protectively) selenium, indium, and iron. CONCLUSIONS The PFAS studied were not associated with SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity or COVID-19. The results confirm the associations between personal blood concentrations of some POPs and chemical elements and the risk of COVID-19 and SARS-CoV-2 infection in what remains the only prospective and population-based cohort study on the topic. Mixtures of POPs and chemical elements may contribute to explain the heterogeneity in the risks of SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 in the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Pumarega
- School of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Hospital del Mar Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Magda Gasull
- Hospital del Mar Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Jani Koponen
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Kuopio, Finland
| | - Laura Campi
- Hospital del Mar Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Panu Rantakokko
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Kuopio, Finland
| | - Luis A Henríquez-Hernández
- Toxicology Unit, Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, Spain; CIBER de Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ruth Aguilar
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carolina Donat-Vargas
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain; ISGlobal, Campus Mar, Barcelona, Spain; Cardiovascular and Nutritonal Epidemiology Unit, Institut of Enviornmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Manuel Zumbado
- Toxicology Unit, Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, Spain; CIBER de Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Cristina Rius
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Marta Vidal
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alfons Jimenez
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mar Iglesias
- Hospital del Mar Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlota Dobaño
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gemma Moncunill
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miquel Porta
- School of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Hospital del Mar Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
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7
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Lopez-Gomez A, Pelaez-Prestel HF, Juarez I. Approaches to evaluate the specific immune responses to SARS-CoV-2. Vaccine 2023; 41:6434-6443. [PMID: 37770298 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.09.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has a huge impact on public health and global economy, meaning an enormous scientific, political, and social challenge. Studying how infection or vaccination triggers both cellular and humoral responses is essential to know the grade and length of protection generated in the population. Nowadays, scientists and authorities around the world are increasingly concerned about the arrival of new variants, which have a greater spread, due to the high mutation rate of this virus. The aim of this review is to summarize the different techniques available for the study of the immune responses after exposure or vaccination against SARS-CoV-2, showing their advantages and limitations, and proposing suitable combinations of different techniques to achieve extensive information in these studies. We wish that the information provided here will helps other scientists in their studies of the immune response against SARS-CoV-2 after vaccination with new vaccine candidates or infection with upcoming variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Lopez-Gomez
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and ENT, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Hector F Pelaez-Prestel
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and ENT, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Ignacio Juarez
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and ENT, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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8
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Williams DM, Hornsby HR, Shehata OM, Brown R, Gallis M, Meardon N, Newman TAH, Plowright M, Zafred D, Shun-Shion ASM, Hodder AJ, Bliss D, Metcalfe A, Edgar JR, Gordon DE, Sayers JR, Nicklin MJ, Carroll M, Collini PJ, Brown S, de Silva TI, Peden AA. Establishing SARS-CoV-2 membrane protein-specific antibodies as a valuable serological target via high-content microscopy. iScience 2023; 26:107056. [PMID: 37346049 PMCID: PMC10246304 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence and strength of serological responses mounted toward SARS-CoV-2 proteins other than nucleocapsid (N) and spike (S), which may be of use as additional serological markers, remains underexplored. Using high-content microscopy to assess antibody responses against full-length StrepTagged SARS-CoV-2 proteins, we found that 85% (166/196) of unvaccinated individuals with RT-PCR confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infections and 74% (31/42) of individuals infected after being vaccinated developed detectable IgG against the structural protein M, which is higher than previous estimates. Compared with N antibodies, M IgG displayed a shallower time-dependent decay and greater specificity. Sensitivity for SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence was enhanced when N and M IgG detection was combined. These findings indicate that screening for M seroconversion may be a good approach for detecting additional vaccine breakthrough infections and highlight the potential to use HCM as a rapidly deployable method to identify the most immunogenic targets of newly emergent pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel M Williams
- School of Bioscience, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Hailey R Hornsby
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Diseases, University of Sheffield Medical School, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK
| | - Ola M Shehata
- School of Bioscience, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Rebecca Brown
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Diseases, University of Sheffield Medical School, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK
| | - Marta Gallis
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Diseases, University of Sheffield Medical School, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK
| | - Naomi Meardon
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Diseases, University of Sheffield Medical School, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK
- South Yorkshire Regional Department of Infection and Tropical Medicine, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Glossop Road, Sheffield S10 2JF, UK
| | - Thomas A H Newman
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Diseases, University of Sheffield Medical School, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK
- South Yorkshire Regional Department of Infection and Tropical Medicine, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Glossop Road, Sheffield S10 2JF, UK
| | - Megan Plowright
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Diseases, University of Sheffield Medical School, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK
- South Yorkshire Regional Department of Infection and Tropical Medicine, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Glossop Road, Sheffield S10 2JF, UK
| | - Domen Zafred
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Diseases, University of Sheffield Medical School, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK
| | - Amber S M Shun-Shion
- School of Bioscience, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Anthony J Hodder
- School of Bioscience, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Deepa Bliss
- School of Bioscience, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Andrew Metcalfe
- School of Bioscience, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - James R Edgar
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QP, UK
| | - David E Gordon
- Department of Pathology, Emory University, Whitehead Building, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jon R Sayers
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Diseases, University of Sheffield Medical School, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK
| | - Martin J Nicklin
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Diseases, University of Sheffield Medical School, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK
| | - Miles Carroll
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Paul J Collini
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Diseases, University of Sheffield Medical School, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK
- South Yorkshire Regional Department of Infection and Tropical Medicine, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Glossop Road, Sheffield S10 2JF, UK
| | - Stephen Brown
- School of Bioscience, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Thushan I de Silva
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Diseases, University of Sheffield Medical School, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK
- South Yorkshire Regional Department of Infection and Tropical Medicine, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Glossop Road, Sheffield S10 2JF, UK
| | - Andrew A Peden
- School of Bioscience, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
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9
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Federico L, Tvedt THA, Gainullin M, Osen JR, Chaban V, Lund KP, Tietze L, Tran TT, Lund-Johansen F, Kared H, Lind A, Vaage JT, Stratford R, Tennøe S, Malone B, Clancy T, Myhre AEL, Gedde-Dahl T, Munthe LA. Robust spike-specific CD4 + and CD8 + T cell responses in SARS-CoV-2 vaccinated hematopoietic cell transplantation recipients: a prospective, cohort study. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1210899. [PMID: 37503339 PMCID: PMC10369799 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1210899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Poor overall survival of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) recipients who developed COVID-19 underlies the importance of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. Previous studies of vaccine efficacy have reported weak humoral responses but conflicting results on T cell immunity. Here, we have examined the relationship between humoral and T cell response in 48 HSCT recipients who received two doses of Moderna's mRNA-1273 or Pfizer/BioNTech's BNT162b2 vaccines. Nearly all HSCT patients had robust T cell immunity regardless of protective humoral responses, with 18/48 (37%, IQR 8.679-5601 BAU/mL) displaying protective IgG anti-receptor binding domain (RBD) levels (>2000 BAU/mL). Flow cytometry analysis of activation induced markers (AIMs) revealed that 90% and 74% of HSCT patients showed reactivity towards immunodominant spike peptides in CD8+ and CD4+ T cells, respectively. The response rate increased to 90% for CD4+ T cells as well when we challenged the cells with a complete set of overlapping peptides spanning the entire spike protein. T cell response was detectable as early as 3 months after transplant, but only CD4+ T cell reactivity correlated with IgG anti-RBD level and time after transplantation. Boosting increased seroconversion rate, while only one patient developed COVID-19 requiring hospitalization. Our data suggest that HSCT recipients with poor serological responses were protected from severe COVID-19 by vaccine-induced T cell responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Federico
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- KG Jebsen Centre for B Cell Malignancies, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Murat Gainullin
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- KG Jebsen Centre for B Cell Malignancies, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Julie Røkke Osen
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- KG Jebsen Centre for B Cell Malignancies, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Viktoriia Chaban
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- KG Jebsen Centre for B Cell Malignancies, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Katrine Persgård Lund
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- KG Jebsen Centre for B Cell Malignancies, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lisa Tietze
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- ImmunoLingo Convergence Center, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Trung The Tran
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- ImmunoLingo Convergence Center, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Fridtjof Lund-Johansen
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- ImmunoLingo Convergence Center, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Hassen Kared
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- KG Jebsen Centre for B Cell Malignancies, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Andreas Lind
- Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - John Torgils Vaage
- ImmunoLingo Convergence Center, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | | | | | | | - Anders Eivind Leren Myhre
- Department of Haematology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- ImmunoLingo Convergence Center, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Ludvig André Munthe
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- KG Jebsen Centre for B Cell Malignancies, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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10
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El Moussaoui M, Desmecht S, Lambert N, Maes N, Braghini J, Marechal N, Quintana C, Briquet K, Gofflot S, Toussaint F, Hayette MP, Vermeersch P, Lutteri L, Grégoire C, Beguin Y, Rahmouni S, Moutschen M, Desmecht D, Darcis G. Cluster Analysis Identifies Distinct Patterns of T-Cell and Humoral Immune Responses Evolution Following a Third Dose of SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine in People Living with HIV. Viruses 2023; 15:1435. [PMID: 37515123 PMCID: PMC10383048 DOI: 10.3390/v15071435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Many vaccines require higher, additional doses or adjuvants to provide adequate protection for people living with HIV (PLWH). Despite their potential risk of severe coronavirus disease 2019, immunological data remain sparse, and a clear consensus for the best booster strategy is lacking. (2) Methods: Using the data obtained from our previous study assessing prospective T-cell and humoral immune responses before and after administration of a third dose of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine, we assessed the correlations between immune parameters reflecting humoral and cellular immune responses. We further aimed at identifying distinct clusters of patients with similar patterns of immune response evolution to determine how these relate to demographic and clinical factors. (3) Results: Among 80 PLWH and 51 healthcare workers (HCWs) enrolled in the study, cluster analysis identified four distinct patterns of evolution characterised by specific immune patterns and clinical factors. We observed that immune responses appeared to be less robust in cluster A, whose individuals were mostly PLWH who had never been infected with SARS-CoV-2. Cluster C, whose individuals showed a particularly drastic increase in markers of humoral immune response following the third dose of vaccine, was mainly composed of female participants who experienced SARS-CoV-2. Regarding the correlation study, although we observed a strong positive correlation between markers mirroring humoral immune response, markers of T-cell response following vaccination correlated only in a lesser extent with markers of humoral immunity. This suggests that neutralising antibody titers alone are not always a reliable reflection of the magnitude of the whole immune response. (4) Conclusions: Our findings show heterogeneity in immune responses among SARS-CoV-2 vaccinated PLWH. Specific subgroups could therefore benefit from distinct immunization strategies. Prior or breakthrough natural infection enhances the activity of vaccines and must be taken into account for informing global vaccine strategies among PLWH, even those with a viro-immunologically controlled infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majdouline El Moussaoui
- Department of Infectious Diseases and General Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Salomé Desmecht
- Laboratory of Animal Genomics, GIGA-Medical Genomics, GIGA-Institute, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Nicolas Lambert
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Nathalie Maes
- Biostatistics and Research Method Center (B-STAT), University Hospital of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Joachim Braghini
- Department of Infectious Diseases and General Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Nicole Marechal
- Department of Infectious Diseases and General Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Céline Quintana
- Department of Infectious Diseases and General Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Karine Briquet
- Department of Infectious Diseases and General Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Stéphanie Gofflot
- Department of Biothèque Hospitalo-Universitaire de Liège (BHUL), University Hospital of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Françoise Toussaint
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, University Hospital of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Marie-Pierre Hayette
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, University Hospital of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Pieter Vermeersch
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Laurence Lutteri
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Céline Grégoire
- Department of Haematology, University Hospital of Liège, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Yves Beguin
- Department of Biothèque Hospitalo-Universitaire de Liège (BHUL), University Hospital of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
- Department of Haematology, University Hospital of Liège, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Souad Rahmouni
- Laboratory of Animal Genomics, GIGA-Medical Genomics, GIGA-Institute, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Michel Moutschen
- Department of Infectious Diseases and General Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Daniel Desmecht
- Department of Animal Pathology, Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals & Health, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Gilles Darcis
- Department of Infectious Diseases and General Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
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11
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Porta M, Pumarega J, Gasull M, Aguilar R, Henríquez-Hernández LA, Basagaña X, Zumbado M, Villar-García J, Rius C, Mehta S, Vidal M, Jimenez A, Campi L, Lop J, Pérez Luzardo OL, Dobaño C, Moncunill G. Individual blood concentrations of persistent organic pollutants and chemical elements, and COVID-19: A prospective cohort study in Barcelona. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 223:115419. [PMID: 36740154 PMCID: PMC9898057 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is wide, largely unexplained heterogeneity in immunological and clinical responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Numerous environmental chemicals, such as persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and chemical elements (including some metals, essential trace elements, rare earth elements, and minority elements), are immunomodulatory and cause a range of adverse clinical events. There are no prospective studies on the effects of such substances on the incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19. OBJECTIVE To investigate the influence of blood concentrations of POPs and elements measured several years before the pandemic on the development of SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 in individuals from the general population. METHODS We conducted a prospective cohort study in 154 individuals from the general population of Barcelona. POPs and elements were measured in blood samples collected in 2016-2017. SARS-CoV-2 infection was detected by rRT-PCR in nasopharyngeal swabs and/or by antibody serology using eighteen isotype-antigen combinations measured in blood samples collected in 2020-2021. We analyzed the associations between concentrations of the contaminants and SARS-CoV-2 infection and development of COVID-19, taking into account personal habits and living conditions during the pandemic. RESULTS Several historically prevalent POPs, as well as arsenic, cadmium, mercury, and zinc, were not associated with COVID-19, nor with SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, DDE (adjusted OR = 5.0 [95% CI: 1.2-21]), lead (3.9 [1.0-15]), thallium (3.4 [1.0-11]), and ruthenium (5.0 [1.8-14]) were associated with COVID-19, as were tantalum, benzo(b)fluoranthene, DDD, and manganese. Thallium (3.8 [1.6-8.9]), and ruthenium (2.9 [1.3-6.7]) were associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection, and so were lead, gold, and (protectively) iron and selenium. We identified mixtures of up to five substances from several chemical groups, with all substances independently associated to the outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Our results provide the first prospective and population-based evidence of an association between individual concentrations of some contaminants and COVID-19 and SARS-CoV-2 infection. POPs and elements may contribute to explain the heterogeneity in the development of SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 in the general population. If the associations are confirmed as causal, means are available to mitigate the corresponding risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miquel Porta
- Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM PSMar), Barcelona, Spain; School of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - José Pumarega
- Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM PSMar), Barcelona, Spain; School of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Magda Gasull
- Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM PSMar), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ruth Aguilar
- ISGlobal - Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Luis A Henríquez-Hernández
- Toxicology Unit, Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Department of Clinical Sciences, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, Spain; CIBER de Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Xavier Basagaña
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain; ISGlobal - PSMar - PRBB, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manuel Zumbado
- Toxicology Unit, Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Department of Clinical Sciences, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, Spain; CIBER de Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Cristina Rius
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain; Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sneha Mehta
- Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM PSMar), Barcelona, Spain; Columbia Mailman School of Public Health, New York, USA
| | - Marta Vidal
- ISGlobal - Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alfons Jimenez
- ISGlobal - Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Campi
- Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM PSMar), Barcelona, Spain; School of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Lop
- Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM PSMar), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Octavio L Pérez Luzardo
- Toxicology Unit, Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Department of Clinical Sciences, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, Spain; CIBER de Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlota Dobaño
- ISGlobal - Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gemma Moncunill
- ISGlobal - Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Barcelona, Spain
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12
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Fu JYL, Pukhari MH, Bador MK, Sam IC, Chan YF. Humoral and T Cell Immune Responses against SARS-CoV-2 after Primary and Homologous or Heterologous Booster Vaccinations and Breakthrough Infection: A Longitudinal Cohort Study in Malaysia. Viruses 2023; 15:v15040844. [PMID: 37112825 PMCID: PMC10146761 DOI: 10.3390/v15040844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaccine efficacy against SARS-CoV-2 could be compromised by the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants and it is important to study how it impacts the booster vaccination regime. We investigated the humoral and T cell responses longitudinally in vaccinated uninfected (n = 25) and post-COVID-19 individuals (n = 8), and those who had received a BNT162b2 booster following complete two-doses regimes of either BNT162b2 (homologous) (n = 14) or ChAdOx1-S (heterologous) (n = 15) vaccines, by means of a SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus neutralization test and QuantiFERON SARS-CoV-2 assay. Vaccinated post-COVID-19 individuals showed higher neutralizing antibodies with longer durability against SARS-CoV-2 wild type (WT) and Omicron spikes, but demonstrated similar declining T cell responses compared to the uninfected vaccinated. Two doses of BNT162b2 induced higher neutralizing antibodies against WT and T cell responses than ChAdOx1-S for six months. The BNT162b2 booster confers a greater humoral response against WT, but a similar cross-neutralizing antibody against Omicron and T cell responses in the homologous booster group compared to the heterologous booster group. Breakthrough infection in the homologous booster group (n = 11) significantly increased the neutralizing antibody, but T cell responses remained low. Our data may impact government public health policy regarding the administration of mix-and-match vaccines, where both vaccination regimes can be employed should there be shortages of certain vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolene Yin Ling Fu
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; (J.Y.L.F.); (M.H.P.); (M.K.B.); (I.-C.S.)
| | - Muhammad Harith Pukhari
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; (J.Y.L.F.); (M.H.P.); (M.K.B.); (I.-C.S.)
| | - Maria Kahar Bador
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; (J.Y.L.F.); (M.H.P.); (M.K.B.); (I.-C.S.)
| | - I-Ching Sam
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; (J.Y.L.F.); (M.H.P.); (M.K.B.); (I.-C.S.)
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur 59100, Malaysia
| | - Yoke Fun Chan
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; (J.Y.L.F.); (M.H.P.); (M.K.B.); (I.-C.S.)
- Correspondence:
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13
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Emmenegger M, De Cecco E, Lamparter D, Jacquat RP, Riou J, Menges D, Ballouz T, Ebner D, Schneider MM, Morales IC, Doğançay B, Guo J, Wiedmer A, Domange J, Imeri M, Moos R, Zografou C, Batkitar L, Madrigal L, Schneider D, Trevisan C, Gonzalez-Guerra A, Carrella A, Dubach IL, Xu CK, Meisl G, Kosmoliaptsis V, Malinauskas T, Burgess-Brown N, Owens R, Hatch S, Mongkolsapaya J, Screaton GR, Schubert K, Huck JD, Liu F, Pojer F, Lau K, Hacker D, Probst-Müller E, Cervia C, Nilsson J, Boyman O, Saleh L, Spanaus K, von Eckardstein A, Schaer DJ, Ban N, Tsai CJ, Marino J, Schertler GF, Ebert N, Thiel V, Gottschalk J, Frey BM, Reimann RR, Hornemann S, Ring AM, Knowles TP, Puhan MA, Althaus CL, Xenarios I, Stuart DI, Aguzzi A. Continuous population-level monitoring of SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence in a large European metropolitan region. iScience 2023; 26:105928. [PMID: 36619367 PMCID: PMC9811913 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.105928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Effective public health measures against SARS-CoV-2 require granular knowledge of population-level immune responses. We developed a Tripartite Automated Blood Immunoassay (TRABI) to assess the IgG response against three SARS-CoV-2 proteins. We used TRABI for continuous seromonitoring of hospital patients and blood donors (n = 72'250) in the canton of Zurich from December 2019 to December 2020 (pre-vaccine period). We found that antibodies waned with a half-life of 75 days, whereas the cumulative incidence rose from 2.3% in June 2020 to 12.2% in mid-December 2020. A follow-up health survey indicated that about 10% of patients infected with wildtype SARS-CoV-2 sustained some symptoms at least twelve months post COVID-19. Crucially, we found no evidence of a difference in long-term complications between those whose infection was symptomatic and those with asymptomatic acute infection. The cohort of asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2-infected subjects represents a resource for the study of chronic and possibly unexpected sequelae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Emmenegger
- Institute of Neuropathology, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Elena De Cecco
- Institute of Neuropathology, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - David Lamparter
- Health2030 Genome Center, 9 Chemin des Mines, 1202 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Raphaël P.B. Jacquat
- Centre for Misfolding Diseases, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK
- Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Julien Riou
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Dominik Menges
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Tala Ballouz
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Ebner
- Target Discovery Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FZ, England
| | - Matthias M. Schneider
- Centre for Misfolding Diseases, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK
| | | | - Berre Doğançay
- Institute of Neuropathology, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jingjing Guo
- Institute of Neuropathology, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Anne Wiedmer
- Institute of Neuropathology, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Julie Domange
- Institute of Neuropathology, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marigona Imeri
- Institute of Neuropathology, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Rita Moos
- Institute of Neuropathology, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Chryssa Zografou
- Institute of Neuropathology, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Leyla Batkitar
- Institute of Neuropathology, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lidia Madrigal
- Institute of Neuropathology, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Dezirae Schneider
- Institute of Neuropathology, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Chiara Trevisan
- Institute of Neuropathology, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Irina L. Dubach
- Division of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Catherine K. Xu
- Centre for Misfolding Diseases, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Georg Meisl
- Centre for Misfolding Diseases, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Vasilis Kosmoliaptsis
- Department of Surgery, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
- NIHR Blood and Transplant Research Unit in Organ Donation and Transplantation, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Tomas Malinauskas
- Division of Structural Biology, The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | | | - Ray Owens
- Division of Structural Biology, The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
- The Rosalind Franklin Institute, Harwell Campus, Oxford OX11 0FA, UK
| | - Stephanie Hatch
- Target Discovery Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FZ, England
| | - Juthathip Mongkolsapaya
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Gavin R. Screaton
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Katharina Schubert
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - John D. Huck
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Feimei Liu
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Florence Pojer
- Protein Production and Structure Core Facility, EPFL SV PTECH PTPSP, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Kelvin Lau
- Protein Production and Structure Core Facility, EPFL SV PTECH PTPSP, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - David Hacker
- Protein Production and Structure Core Facility, EPFL SV PTECH PTPSP, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Carlo Cervia
- Department of Immunology, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jakob Nilsson
- Department of Immunology, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Onur Boyman
- Department of Immunology, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, 8006 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lanja Saleh
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Katharina Spanaus
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Dominik J. Schaer
- Division of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nenad Ban
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ching-Ju Tsai
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, Laboratory of Biomolecular Research, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5303 Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
| | - Jacopo Marino
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, Laboratory of Biomolecular Research, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5303 Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
| | - Gebhard F.X. Schertler
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, Laboratory of Biomolecular Research, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5303 Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
- Department of Biology, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Nadine Ebert
- Institute of Virology and Immunology, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Volker Thiel
- Institute of Virology and Immunology, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jochen Gottschalk
- Regional Blood Transfusion Service Zurich, Swiss Red Cross, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Beat M. Frey
- Regional Blood Transfusion Service Zurich, Swiss Red Cross, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Regina R. Reimann
- Institute of Neuropathology, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Simone Hornemann
- Institute of Neuropathology, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Aaron M. Ring
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Tuomas P.J. Knowles
- Centre for Misfolding Diseases, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK
- Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Milo A. Puhan
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Christian L. Althaus
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ioannis Xenarios
- Health2030 Genome Center, 9 Chemin des Mines, 1202 Geneva, Switzerland
- Agora Center, University of Lausanne, 25 Avenue du Bugnon, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - David I. Stuart
- Division of Structural Biology, The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Adriano Aguzzi
- Institute of Neuropathology, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
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14
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García-García A, Fortuny C, Fumadó V, Jordan I, Ruiz-López L, González-Navarro EA, Egri N, Esteve-Solé A, Luo Y, Vlagea A, Cabedo MM, Launes C, Soler A, Codina A, Juan M, Pascal M, Deyà-Martínez A, Alsina L. Acute and long-term immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection in unvaccinated children and young adults with inborn errors of immunity. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1084630. [PMID: 36742319 PMCID: PMC9896004 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1084630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To describe SARS-CoV-2 infection outcome in unvaccinated children and young adults with inborn errors of immunity (IEI) and to compare their specific acute and long-term immune responses with a sex-, age-, and severity-matched healthy population (HC). Methods Unvaccinated IEI patients up to 22 years old infected with SARS-CoV-2 were recruited along with a cohort of HC. SARS-CoV-2 serology and ELISpot were performed in the acute phase of infection (up to 6 weeks) and at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months. Results Twenty-five IEI patients (median age 14.3 years, min.-max. range 4.5-22.8; 15/25 males; syndromic combined immunodeficiencies: 48.0%, antibody deficiencies: 16.0%) and 17 HC (median age 15.3 years, min.-max. range 5.4-20.0; 6/17 males, 35.3%) were included. Pneumonia occurred in 4/25 IEI patients. In the acute phase SARS-CoV-2 specific immunoglobulins were positive in all HC but in only half of IEI in whom it could be measured (n=17/25): IgG+ 58.8% (10/17) (p=0.009); IgM+ 41.2% (7/17)(p<0.001); IgA+ 52.9% (9/17)(p=0.003). Quantitative response (index) was also lower compared with HC: IgG IEI (3.1 ± 4.4) vs. HC (3.5 ± 1.5)(p=0.06); IgM IEI (1.9 ± 2.4) vs. HC (3.9 ± 2.4)(p=0.007); IgA IEI (3.3 ± 4.7) vs. HC (4.6 ± 2.5)(p=0.04). ELISpots positivity was qualitatively lower in IEI vs. HC (S-ELISpot IEI: 3/11, 27.3% vs. HC: 10/11, 90.9%; p=0.008; N-ELISpot IEI: 3/9, 33.3% vs. HC: 11/11, 100%; p=0.002) and also quantitatively lower (S-ELISpot IEI: mean index 3.2 ± 5.0 vs. HC 21.2 ± 17.0; p=0.001; N-ELISpot IEI: mean index 9.3 ± 16.6 vs. HC: 39.1 ± 23.7; p=0.004). As for long term response, SARS-CoV-2-IgM+ at 6 months was qualitatively lower in IEI(3/8, 37.5% vs. 9/10 HC: 90.0%; p=0.043), and quantitatively lower in all serologies IgG, M, and A (IEI n=9, 1.1 ± 0.9 vs. HC n=10, 2.1 ± 0.9, p=0.03; IEI n=9, 1.3 ± 1.5 vs. HC n=10, 2.9 ± 2.8, p=0.02; and IEI n=9, 0.6 ± 0.5 vs. HC n=10, 1.7 ± 0.8, p=0.002 -respectively) but there were no differences at remaining time points. Conclusions Our IEI pediatric cohort had a higher COVID-19 pneumonia rate than the general age-range population, with lower humoral and cellular responses in the acute phase (even lower compared to the reported IEI serological response after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination), and weaker humoral responses at 6 months after infection compared with HC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana García-García
- Study Group for Immune Dysfunction Diseases in Children (GEMDIP), Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain.,Clinical Immunology and Primary Immunodeficiencies Unit, Pediatric Allergy and Clinical Immunology Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Surgery and Surgical Specializations, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Clinical Immunology Program, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu-Hospital Clínic Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Claudia Fortuny
- Department of Surgery and Surgical Specializations, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Paediatric Infectious Diseases Unit, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health, Madrid, Spain.,Translational Research Network in Paediatric Infectious Diseases (RITIP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Victoria Fumadó
- Department of Surgery and Surgical Specializations, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Paediatric Infectious Diseases Unit, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health, Madrid, Spain.,Translational Research Network in Paediatric Infectious Diseases (RITIP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Iolanda Jordan
- Department of Surgery and Surgical Specializations, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain.,Translational Research Network in Paediatric Infectious Diseases (RITIP), Madrid, Spain.,Paediatric Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Ruiz-López
- Clinical Immunology and Primary Immunodeficiencies Unit, Pediatric Allergy and Clinical Immunology Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain.,Clinical Immunology Program, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu-Hospital Clínic Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Natalia Egri
- Department of Immunology-CDB, Hospital Clínic-IDIBAPS, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Esteve-Solé
- Study Group for Immune Dysfunction Diseases in Children (GEMDIP), Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain.,Clinical Immunology and Primary Immunodeficiencies Unit, Pediatric Allergy and Clinical Immunology Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain.,Clinical Immunology Program, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu-Hospital Clínic Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Yiyi Luo
- Study Group for Immune Dysfunction Diseases in Children (GEMDIP), Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain.,Clinical Immunology and Primary Immunodeficiencies Unit, Pediatric Allergy and Clinical Immunology Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain.,Clinical Immunology Program, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu-Hospital Clínic Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alexandru Vlagea
- Clinical Immunology Program, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu-Hospital Clínic Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Immunology-CDB, Hospital Clínic-IDIBAPS, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manel Monsonís Cabedo
- Department of Microbiology, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristian Launes
- Department of Surgery and Surgical Specializations, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Paediatrics Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain.,Paediatric Infectious Diseases Research Group, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Aleix Soler
- Paediatrics Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Codina
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain.,Pathology Department and Biobank Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manel Juan
- Clinical Immunology Program, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu-Hospital Clínic Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Immunology-CDB, Hospital Clínic-IDIBAPS, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Immunotherapy Platform, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu-Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mariona Pascal
- Clinical Immunology Program, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu-Hospital Clínic Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Immunology-CDB, Hospital Clínic-IDIBAPS, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Spanish Network for Allergy - RETIC de Asma, Reacciones Adversas y Alérgicas (ARADYAL), Madrid, Spain
| | - Angela Deyà-Martínez
- Study Group for Immune Dysfunction Diseases in Children (GEMDIP), Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain.,Clinical Immunology and Primary Immunodeficiencies Unit, Pediatric Allergy and Clinical Immunology Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Surgery and Surgical Specializations, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Clinical Immunology Program, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu-Hospital Clínic Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laia Alsina
- Study Group for Immune Dysfunction Diseases in Children (GEMDIP), Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain.,Clinical Immunology and Primary Immunodeficiencies Unit, Pediatric Allergy and Clinical Immunology Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Surgery and Surgical Specializations, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Clinical Immunology Program, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu-Hospital Clínic Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Immunotherapy Platform, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu-Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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15
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Miyasaka M. The lymphatic system and COVID-19 vaccines. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1041025. [PMID: 36341444 PMCID: PMC9630830 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1041025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the precise mechanism of vaccine-induced protection and the immune correlates of protection against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is crucially important for developing next-generation vaccines that confer durable and protective immunity against COVID-19. Similar factors are also important for other infectious diseases. Here, I briefly summarize the mechanism of action of the currently used COVID-19 mRNA vaccines from the viewpoint of the function of the lymphatic system.
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