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Vander Elst N. Bacteriophage-derived endolysins as innovative antimicrobials against bovine mastitis-causing streptococci and staphylococci: a state-of-the-art review. Acta Vet Scand 2024; 66:20. [PMID: 38769566 PMCID: PMC11106882 DOI: 10.1186/s13028-024-00740-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Bacteriophage-encoded endolysins, peptidoglycan hydrolases breaking down the Gram-positive bacterial cell wall, represent a groundbreaking class of novel antimicrobials to revolutionize the veterinary medicine field. Wild-type endolysins exhibit a modular structure, consisting of enzymatically active and cell wall-binding domains, that enable genetic engineering strategies for the creation of chimeric fusion proteins or so-called 'engineered endolysins'. This biotechnological approach has yielded variants with modified lytic spectrums, introducing new possibilities in antimicrobial development. However, the discovery of highly similar endolysins by different groups has occasionally resulted in the assignment of different names that complicate a straightforward comparison. The aim of this review was to perform a homology-based comparison of the wild-type and engineered endolysins that have been characterized in the context of bovine mastitis-causing streptococci and staphylococci, grouping homologous endolysins with ≥ 95.0% protein sequence similarity. Literature is explored by homologous groups for the wild-type endolysins, followed by a chronological examination of engineered endolysins according to their year of publication. This review concludes that the wild-type endolysins encountered persistent challenges in raw milk and in vivo settings, causing a notable shift in the field towards the engineering of endolysins. Lead candidates that display robust lytic activity are nowadays selected from screening assays that are performed under these challenging conditions, often utilizing advanced high-throughput protein engineering methods. Overall, these recent advancements suggest that endolysins will integrate into the antibiotic arsenal over the next decade, thereby innovating antimicrobial treatment against bovine mastitis-causing streptococci and staphylococci.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niels Vander Elst
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Biomedicum 7D, Solnavägen 9, 17165, Solna, Stockholm, Sweden.
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2
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Srivastava A, Verma N, Kumar V, Apoorva P, Agarwal V. Biofilm inhibition/eradication: exploring strategies and confronting challenges in combatting biofilm. Arch Microbiol 2024; 206:212. [PMID: 38616221 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-024-03938-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Biofilms are complex communities of microorganisms enclosed in a self-produced extracellular matrix, posing a significant threat to different sectors, including healthcare and industry. This review provides an overview of the challenges faced due to biofilm formation and different novel strategies that can combat biofilm formation. Bacteria inside the biofilm exhibit increased resistance against different antimicrobial agents, including conventional antibiotics, which can lead to severe problems in livestock and animals, including humans. In addition, biofilm formation also imposes heavy economic pressure on industries. Hence it becomes necessary to explore newer alternatives to eradicate biofilms effectively without applying selection pressure on the bacteria. Excessive usage of antibiotics may also lead to an increase in the number of resistant strains as bacteria employ an advanced antimicrobial resistance mechanism. This review provides insight into multifaceted technologies like quorum sensing inhibition, enzymes, antimicrobial peptides, bacteriophage, phytocompounds, and nanotechnology to neutralize biofilms without developing antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Furthermore, it will pave the way for developing newer therapeutic agents to deal with biofilms more efficiently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anmol Srivastava
- Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad, Prayagraj, 211004, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Nidhi Verma
- Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad, Prayagraj, 211004, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vivek Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad, Prayagraj, 211004, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Pragati Apoorva
- Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad, Prayagraj, 211004, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vishnu Agarwal
- Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad, Prayagraj, 211004, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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3
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Araújo D, Silva AR, Fernandes R, Serra P, Barros MM, Campos AM, Oliveira R, Silva S, Almeida C, Castro J. Emerging Approaches for Mitigating Biofilm-Formation-Associated Infections in Farm, Wild, and Companion Animals. Pathogens 2024; 13:320. [PMID: 38668275 PMCID: PMC11054384 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13040320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
The importance of addressing the problem of biofilms in farm, wild, and companion animals lies in their pervasive impact on animal health and welfare. Biofilms, as resilient communities of microorganisms, pose a persistent challenge in causing infections and complicating treatment strategies. Recognizing and understanding the importance of mitigating biofilm formation is critical to ensuring the welfare of animals in a variety of settings, from farms to the wild and companion animals. Effectively addressing this issue not only improves the overall health of individual animals, but also contributes to the broader goals of sustainable agriculture, wildlife conservation, and responsible pet ownership. This review examines the current understanding of biofilm formation in animal diseases and elucidates the complex processes involved. Recognizing the limitations of traditional antibiotic treatments, mechanisms of resistance associated with biofilms are explored. The focus is on alternative therapeutic strategies to control biofilm, with illuminating case studies providing valuable context and practical insights. In conclusion, the review highlights the importance of exploring emerging approaches to mitigate biofilm formation in animals. It consolidates existing knowledge, highlights gaps in understanding, and encourages further research to address this critical facet of animal health. The comprehensive perspective provided by this review serves as a foundation for future investigations and interventions to improve the management of biofilm-associated infections in diverse animal populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Araújo
- INIAV—National Institute for Agrarian and Veterinarian Research, Rua dos Lagidos, 4485-655 Vila do Conde, Portugal; (A.R.S.); (R.F.); (P.S.); (M.M.B.); (A.M.C.); (R.O.); (S.S.); (C.A.)
- CEB—Centre of Biological Engineering Campus de Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- LABBELS—Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Ana Rita Silva
- INIAV—National Institute for Agrarian and Veterinarian Research, Rua dos Lagidos, 4485-655 Vila do Conde, Portugal; (A.R.S.); (R.F.); (P.S.); (M.M.B.); (A.M.C.); (R.O.); (S.S.); (C.A.)
| | - Rúben Fernandes
- INIAV—National Institute for Agrarian and Veterinarian Research, Rua dos Lagidos, 4485-655 Vila do Conde, Portugal; (A.R.S.); (R.F.); (P.S.); (M.M.B.); (A.M.C.); (R.O.); (S.S.); (C.A.)
| | - Patrícia Serra
- INIAV—National Institute for Agrarian and Veterinarian Research, Rua dos Lagidos, 4485-655 Vila do Conde, Portugal; (A.R.S.); (R.F.); (P.S.); (M.M.B.); (A.M.C.); (R.O.); (S.S.); (C.A.)
| | - Maria Margarida Barros
- INIAV—National Institute for Agrarian and Veterinarian Research, Rua dos Lagidos, 4485-655 Vila do Conde, Portugal; (A.R.S.); (R.F.); (P.S.); (M.M.B.); (A.M.C.); (R.O.); (S.S.); (C.A.)
- CECAV—Veterinary and Animal Research Centre, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Ana Maria Campos
- INIAV—National Institute for Agrarian and Veterinarian Research, Rua dos Lagidos, 4485-655 Vila do Conde, Portugal; (A.R.S.); (R.F.); (P.S.); (M.M.B.); (A.M.C.); (R.O.); (S.S.); (C.A.)
| | - Ricardo Oliveira
- INIAV—National Institute for Agrarian and Veterinarian Research, Rua dos Lagidos, 4485-655 Vila do Conde, Portugal; (A.R.S.); (R.F.); (P.S.); (M.M.B.); (A.M.C.); (R.O.); (S.S.); (C.A.)
- LEPABE—Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
- AliCE—Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Sónia Silva
- INIAV—National Institute for Agrarian and Veterinarian Research, Rua dos Lagidos, 4485-655 Vila do Conde, Portugal; (A.R.S.); (R.F.); (P.S.); (M.M.B.); (A.M.C.); (R.O.); (S.S.); (C.A.)
- CEB—Centre of Biological Engineering Campus de Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- LABBELS—Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Carina Almeida
- INIAV—National Institute for Agrarian and Veterinarian Research, Rua dos Lagidos, 4485-655 Vila do Conde, Portugal; (A.R.S.); (R.F.); (P.S.); (M.M.B.); (A.M.C.); (R.O.); (S.S.); (C.A.)
- CEB—Centre of Biological Engineering Campus de Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- LEPABE—Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
- AliCE—Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana Castro
- INIAV—National Institute for Agrarian and Veterinarian Research, Rua dos Lagidos, 4485-655 Vila do Conde, Portugal; (A.R.S.); (R.F.); (P.S.); (M.M.B.); (A.M.C.); (R.O.); (S.S.); (C.A.)
- CEB—Centre of Biological Engineering Campus de Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
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Marchianò V, Duarte AC, Agún S, Luque S, Marcet I, Fernández L, Matos M, Blanco MDC, García P, Gutiérrez G. Phage Lytic Protein CHAPSH3b Encapsulated in Niosomes and Gelatine Films. Microorganisms 2024; 12:119. [PMID: 38257944 PMCID: PMC10819965 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12010119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has emerged as a global health challenge, sparking worldwide interest in exploring the antimicrobial potential of natural compounds as an alternative to conventional antibiotics. In recent years, one area of focus has been the utilization of bacteriophages and their derivative proteins. Specifically, phage lytic proteins, or endolysins, are specialized enzymes that induce bacterial cell lysis and can be efficiently produced and purified following overexpression in bacteria. Nonetheless, a significant limitation of these proteins is their vulnerability to certain environmental conditions, which may impair their effectiveness. Encapsulating endolysins in vesicles could mitigate this issue by providing added protection to the proteins, enabling controlled release, and enhancing their stability, particularly at temperatures around 4 °C. In this work, the chimeric lytic protein CHAPSH3b was encapsulated within non-ionic surfactant-based vesicles (niosomes) created using the thin film hydrating method (TFH). These protein-loaded niosomes were then characterized, revealing sizes in the range of 30-80 nm, zeta potentials between 30 and 50 mV, and an encapsulation efficiency (EE) of 50-60%. Additionally, with the objective of exploring their potential application in the food industry, these endolysin-loaded niosomes were incorporated into gelatine films. This was carried out to evaluate their stability and antimicrobial efficacy against Staphylococcus aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verdiana Marchianò
- Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, University of Oviedo, Julián Clavería 8, 33006 Oviedo, Spain (M.d.C.B.)
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Oviedo, Julián Clavería 8, 33006 Oviedo, Spain; (S.L.); (I.M.); (M.M.)
| | - Ana Catarina Duarte
- Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias (IPLA-CSIC), Paseo Río Linares s/n., 33300 Villaviciosa, Spain; (A.C.D.); (S.A.); (L.F.)
- DairySafe Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Seila Agún
- Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias (IPLA-CSIC), Paseo Río Linares s/n., 33300 Villaviciosa, Spain; (A.C.D.); (S.A.); (L.F.)
- DairySafe Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Susana Luque
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Oviedo, Julián Clavería 8, 33006 Oviedo, Spain; (S.L.); (I.M.); (M.M.)
| | - Ismael Marcet
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Oviedo, Julián Clavería 8, 33006 Oviedo, Spain; (S.L.); (I.M.); (M.M.)
| | - Lucía Fernández
- Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias (IPLA-CSIC), Paseo Río Linares s/n., 33300 Villaviciosa, Spain; (A.C.D.); (S.A.); (L.F.)
- DairySafe Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - María Matos
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Oviedo, Julián Clavería 8, 33006 Oviedo, Spain; (S.L.); (I.M.); (M.M.)
- Instituto Universitario de Biotecnología de Asturias, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Mª del Carmen Blanco
- Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, University of Oviedo, Julián Clavería 8, 33006 Oviedo, Spain (M.d.C.B.)
- Instituto Universitario de Biotecnología de Asturias, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Pilar García
- Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias (IPLA-CSIC), Paseo Río Linares s/n., 33300 Villaviciosa, Spain; (A.C.D.); (S.A.); (L.F.)
- DairySafe Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Gemma Gutiérrez
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Oviedo, Julián Clavería 8, 33006 Oviedo, Spain; (S.L.); (I.M.); (M.M.)
- Instituto Universitario de Biotecnología de Asturias, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
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5
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Dehari D, Kumar DN, Chaudhuri A, Kumar A, Kumar R, Kumar D, Singh S, Nath G, Agrawal AK. Bacteriophage entrapped chitosan microgel for the treatment of biofilm-mediated polybacterial infection in burn wounds. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:127247. [PMID: 37802451 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) bacteria are most commonly present in burn wound infections. Multidrug resistance (MDR) and biofilm formation make it difficult to treat these infections. Bacteriophages (BPs) are proven as an effective therapy against MDR as well as biofilm-associated wound infections. In the present work, a naturally inspired bacteriophage cocktail loaded chitosan microparticles-laden topical gel has been developed for the effective treatment of these infections. Bacteriophages against MDR S. aureus (BPSAФ1) and P. aeruginosa (BPPAФ1) were isolated and loaded separately and in combination into the chitosan microparticles (BPSAФ1-CHMPs, BPPAФ1-CHMPs, and MBP-CHMPs), which were later incorporated into the SEPINEO™ P 600 gel (BPSAФ1-CHMPs-gel, BPPAФ1-CHMPs-gel, and MBP-CHMPs-gel). BPs were characterized for their morphology, lytic activity, burst size, and hemocompatibility, and BPs belongs to Caudoviricetes class. Furthermore, BPSAФ1-CHMPs, BPPAФ1-CHMPs, and MBP-CHMPs had an average particle size of 1.19 ± 0.11, 1.42 ± 0.21, and 2.84 ± 0.28 μm, respectively, and expressed promising in vitro antibiofilm eradication potency. The ultrasound and photoacoustic imaging in infected burn wounds demonstrated improved wound healing reduced inflammation and increased oxygen saturation following treatment with BPs formulations. The obtained results suggested that the incorporation of the BPs in the MP-gel protected the BPs, sustained the BPs release, and improved the antibacterial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepa Dehari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, U.P., India
| | - Dulla Naveen Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, U.P., India
| | - Aiswarya Chaudhuri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, U.P., India
| | - Akshay Kumar
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Medial Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, U.P., India
| | - Rajesh Kumar
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Medial Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, U.P., India
| | - Dinesh Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, U.P., India
| | - Sanjay Singh
- Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow 226025, U.P., India
| | - Gopal Nath
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Medial Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, U.P., India
| | - Ashish Kumar Agrawal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, U.P., India.
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Wang J, Liang S, Lu X, Xu Q, Zhu Y, Yu S, Zhang W, Liu S, Xie F. Bacteriophage endolysin Ply113 as a potent antibacterial agent against polymicrobial biofilms formed by enterococci and Staphylococcus aureus. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1304932. [PMID: 38152375 PMCID: PMC10751913 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1304932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance in Enterococcus faecium, Enterococcus faecalis, and Staphylococcus aureus remains a major public health concern worldwide. Furthermore, these microbes frequently co-exist in biofilm-associated infections, largely nullifying antibiotic-based therapy. Therefore, it is imperative to develop an efficient therapeutic strategy for combating infections caused by polymicrobial biofilms. In this study, we investigated the antibacterial and antibiofilm activity of the bacteriophage endolysin Ply113 in vitro. Ply113 exhibited high and rapid lytic activity against E. faecium, E. faecalis, and S. aureus, including vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus and methicillin-resistant S. aureus isolates. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that Ply113 treatment led to the detachment of bacterial cell walls and considerable cell lysis. Ply113 maintained stable lytic activity over a temperature range of 4-45°C, over a pH range of 5.0-8.0, and in the presence of 0-400 mM NaCl. Ply113 treatment effectively eliminated the mono-species biofilms formed by E. faecium, E. faecalis, and S. aureus in a dose-dependent manner. Ply113 was also able to eliminate the dual-species biofilms of E. faecium-S. aureus and E. faecalis-S. aureus. Additionally, Ply113 exerted potent antibacterial efficacy in vivo, distinctly decreasing the bacterial loads in a murine peritoneal septicemia model. Our findings suggest that the bacteriophage endolysin Ply113 is a promising antimicrobial agent for the treatment of polymicrobial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Siguo Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Fang Xie
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
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da Silva JD, Melo LDR, Santos SB, Kropinski AM, Xisto MF, Dias RS, da Silva Paes I, Vieira MS, Soares JJF, Porcellato D, da Silva Duarte V, de Paula SO. Genomic and proteomic characterization of vB_SauM-UFV_DC4, a novel Staphylococcus jumbo phage. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 107:7231-7250. [PMID: 37741937 PMCID: PMC10638138 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12743-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most relevant mastitis pathogens in dairy cattle, and the acquisition of antimicrobial resistance genes presents a significant health issue in both veterinary and human fields. Among the different strategies to tackle S. aureus infection in livestock, bacteriophages have been thoroughly investigated in the last decades; however, few specimens of the so-called jumbo phages capable of infecting S. aureus have been described. Herein, we report the biological, genomic, and structural proteomic features of the jumbo phage vB_SauM-UFV_DC4 (DC4). DC4 exhibited a remarkable killing activity against S. aureus isolated from the veterinary environment and stability at alkaline conditions (pH 4 to 12). The complete genome of DC4 is 263,185 bp (GC content: 25%), encodes 263 predicted CDSs (80% without an assigned function), 1 tRNA (Phe-tRNA), multisubunit RNA polymerase, and an RNA-dependent DNA polymerase. Moreover, comparative analysis revealed that DC4 can be considered a new viral species belonging to a new genus DC4 and showed a similar set of lytic proteins and depolymerase activity with closely related jumbo phages. The characterization of a new S. aureus jumbo phage increases our understanding of the diversity of this group and provides insights into the biotechnological potential of these viruses. KEY POINTS: • vB_SauM-UFV_DC4 is a new viral species belonging to a new genus within the class Caudoviricetes. • vB_SauM-UFV_DC4 carries a set of RNA polymerase subunits and an RNA-directed DNA polymerase. • vB_SauM-UFV_DC4 and closely related jumbo phages showed a similar set of lytic proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jéssica Duarte da Silva
- Department of Microbiology, Federal University of Viçosa, Av. Peter Henry Rolfs, S/N, Campus Universitário, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Luís D R Melo
- Centre of Biological Engineering - CEB, University of Minho, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
- LABBELS - Associate Laboratory, Braga, Portugal
| | - Sílvio B Santos
- Centre of Biological Engineering - CEB, University of Minho, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
- LABBELS - Associate Laboratory, Braga, Portugal
| | - Andrew M Kropinski
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Mariana Fonseca Xisto
- Department of General Biology, Federal University of Viçosa, Av. Peter Henry Rolfs, S/N, Campus Universitário, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Roberto Sousa Dias
- Department of General Biology, Federal University of Viçosa, Av. Peter Henry Rolfs, S/N, Campus Universitário, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Isabela da Silva Paes
- Department of General Biology, Federal University of Viçosa, Av. Peter Henry Rolfs, S/N, Campus Universitário, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Marcella Silva Vieira
- Department of General Biology, Federal University of Viçosa, Av. Peter Henry Rolfs, S/N, Campus Universitário, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - José Júnior Ferreira Soares
- Department of General Biology, Federal University of Viçosa, Av. Peter Henry Rolfs, S/N, Campus Universitário, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Davide Porcellato
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, 1432, Ås, Norway
| | - Vinícius da Silva Duarte
- Department of Microbiology, Federal University of Viçosa, Av. Peter Henry Rolfs, S/N, Campus Universitário, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil.
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, 1432, Ås, Norway.
| | - Sérgio Oliveira de Paula
- Department of General Biology, Federal University of Viçosa, Av. Peter Henry Rolfs, S/N, Campus Universitário, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil
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8
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Migration of surface-associated microbial communities in spaceflight habitats. Biofilm 2023; 5:100109. [PMID: 36909662 PMCID: PMC9999172 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioflm.2023.100109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Astronauts are spending longer periods locked up in ships or stations for scientific and exploration spatial missions. The International Space Station (ISS) has been inhabited continuously for more than 20 years and the duration of space stays by crews could lengthen with the objectives of human presence on the moon and Mars. If the environment of these space habitats is designed for the comfort of astronauts, it is also conducive to other forms of life such as embarked microorganisms. The latter, most often associated with surfaces in the form of biofilm, have been implicated in significant degradation of the functionality of pieces of equipment in space habitats. The most recent research suggests that microgravity could increase the persistence, resistance and virulence of pathogenic microorganisms detected in these communities, endangering the health of astronauts and potentially jeopardizing long-duration manned missions. In this review, we describe the mechanisms and dynamics of installation and propagation of these microbial communities associated with surfaces (spatial migration), as well as long-term processes of adaptation and evolution in these extreme environments (phenotypic and genetic migration), with special reference to human health. We also discuss the means of control envisaged to allow a lasting cohabitation between these vibrant microscopic passengers and the astronauts.
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Asadi M, Taheri-Anganeh M, Ranjbar M, Khatami SH, Maleksabet A, Mostafavi-Pour Z, Ghasemi Y, Keshavarzi A, Savardashtaki A. LYZ2-SH3b as a novel and efficient enzybiotic against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. BMC Microbiol 2023; 23:257. [PMID: 37704938 PMCID: PMC10500863 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-023-03002-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Enzybiotics are promising alternatives to conventional antibiotics for drug-resistant infections. Exolysins, as a class of enzybiotics, show antibacterial effects against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). This study evaluated a novel exolysin containing an SH3b domain for its antibacterial activity against MRSA. METHODS This study designed a chimeric exolysin by fusing the Cell-binding domain (SH3b) from Lysostaphin with the lytic domain (LYZ2) from the gp61 enzyme. Subsequently, LYZ2-SH3b was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli (E. coli). Finally, the antibacterial effects of LYZ2-SH3b compared with LYZ2 and vancomycin against reference and clinical isolates of MRSA were measured using the disc diffusion method, the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC), and the minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) assays. RESULTS Analysis of bioinformatics showed that LYZ2-SH3b was stable, soluble, and non-allergenic. Protein purification was performed with a 0.8 mg/ml yield for LYZ2-SH3b. The plate lysis assay results indicated that, at the same concentrations, LYZ2-SH3b has a more inhibitory effect than LYZ2. The MICs of LYZ2 were 4 µg/mL (ATCC 43,300) and 8 µg/mL (clinical isolate ST239), whereas, for LYZ2-SH3b, they were 2 µg/mL (ATCC 43,300) and 4 µg/mL (clinical isolate ST239). This suggests a higher efficiency of LYZ2-SH3b compared to LYZ2. Furthermore, the MBCs of LYZ2 were 4 µg/mL (ATCC 43,300) and 8 µg/mL (clinical isolate ST239), whereas, for LYZ2-SH3b, they were 2 µg/mL (ATCC 43,300) and 4 µg/mL (clinical isolate ST239), thus confirming the superior lytic activity of LYZ2-SH3b over LYZ2. CONCLUSIONS The study suggests that phage endolysins, such as LYZ2-SH3b, may represent a promising new approach to treating MRSA infections, particularly in cases where antibiotic resistance is a concern. But further studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzieh Asadi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences Shiraz, Shiraz, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mortaza Taheri-Anganeh
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Research Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Maryam Ranjbar
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences Shiraz, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Seyyed Hossein Khatami
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Maleksabet
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Zohreh Mostafavi-Pour
- Recombinant Protein Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Younes Ghasemi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Science, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Amir Savardashtaki
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences Shiraz, Shiraz, Iran.
- Infertility Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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10
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Luo J, Xie L, Yang M, Liu M, Li Q, Wang P, Fan J, Jin J, Luo C. Synergistic Antibacterial Effect of Phage pB3074 in Combination with Antibiotics Targeting Cell Wall against Multidrug-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii In Vitro and Ex Vivo. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0034123. [PMID: 37260382 PMCID: PMC10434185 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00341-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Synergistic effects of phages in combination with antibiotics have received increasing attention. In this present study, we isolated a new phage pB3074 against clinically isolated multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii. Phage pB3074 combined with cell wall-targeting antibiotics could produce synergistic antibacterial effect in vitro bactericidal activities. Further research indicates that the bacteriophage dose is critical to synergistic antimicrobial effect of phage and antibiotic combination. Cefotaxime and meropenem were selected as the representative cell wall-targeting antibiotics for further synergistic antibacterial study. Results illustrated that phage pB3074 and cefotaxime or meropenem combination was very effective for the removal of mature biofilm and inhibition of biofilm formation. In a pig skin explant model, results also showed that phage pB3074 and cefotaxime or meropenem combination was very effective for the treatment of wound infection ex vivo. Subsequent studies showed that some extent recovery of drug sensitivity to cell wall-targeting antibiotics might be vital mechanism of synergistic antibacterial effect between bacteriophage pB3074 and these antibiotics. The existence of antibiotics could promote phage adsorption and proliferation, which might also be potential mechanism for synergistic antibacterial activities and have been observed in cefotaxime and meropenem application. In summary, results in the current study demonstrated that phage pB3074 has the potential to be developed as an antibacterial agent and combined application of phages and antibiotics might be a new choice for the treatment of current multidrug-resistant bacterial infections. IMPORTANCE Combined application of phages and antibiotics cannot only effectively inhibit the appearance of phage-resistant bacteria, but also reduce the effective use concentration of antibiotics, and even make some bacteria regain sensitivity to some resistant antibiotics. Therefore, phage-antibiotic combination (PAC) could improve the antibacterial activity of individual drug, providing a new choice for clinical treatment of multidrug-resistant bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Luo
- The First College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
- Yichang Central People's Hospital, China
| | - Libo Xie
- The First College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
- Yichang Central People's Hospital, China
| | - Min Yang
- Yunnan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Yunnan, China
| | - Min Liu
- The First College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
- Yichang Central People's Hospital, China
| | - Qianyuan Li
- The First College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
- Yichang Central People's Hospital, China
| | - Peng Wang
- The First College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
- Yichang Central People's Hospital, China
| | - Jinhong Fan
- The First College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
- Yichang Central People's Hospital, China
| | - Jing Jin
- The First College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
- Yichang Central People's Hospital, China
| | - Chunhua Luo
- The First College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
- Yichang Central People's Hospital, China
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11
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Ribeiro JM, Pereira GN, Durli Junior I, Teixeira GM, Bertozzi MM, Verri WA, Kobayashi RKT, Nakazato G. Comparative analysis of effectiveness for phage cocktail development against multiple Salmonella serovars and its biofilm control activity. Sci Rep 2023; 13:13054. [PMID: 37567926 PMCID: PMC10421930 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-40228-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Foodborne diseases are a major challenge in the global food industry, especially those caused by multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria. Bacteria capable of biofilm formation, in addition to MDR strains, reduce the treatment efficacy, posing a significant threat to bacterial control. Bacteriophages, which are viruses that infect and kill bacteria, are considered a promising alternative in combating MDR bacteria, both in human medicine and animal production. Phage cocktails, comprising multiple phages, are commonly employed to broaden the host range and prevent or delay the development of phage resistance. There are numerous techniques and protocols available to evaluate the lytic activity of bacteriophages, with the most commonly used methods being Spot Test Assays, Efficiency of Plating (EOP), and infection assays in liquid culture. However, there is currently no standardization for which analyses should be employed and the possible differences among them in order to precisely determine the host range of phages and the composition of a cocktail. A preliminary selection using the Spot Test Assay resulted in four phages for subsequent evaluation against a panel of 36 Salmonella isolates of numerous serovars. Comparing EOP and infection assays in liquid culture revealed that EOP could underestimate the lytic activity of phages, directly influencing phage cocktail development. Moreover, the phage cocktail containing the four selected phages was able to control or remove biofilms formed by 66% (23/35) of the isolates, including those exhibiting low susceptibility to phages, according to EOP. Phages were characterized genomically, revealing the absence of genes associated with antibiotic resistance, virulence factors, or integrases. According to confocal laser scanning microscopy analysis, the biofilm maturation of one Salmonella isolate, which exhibited high susceptibility to phages in liquid culture and 96-well plates biofilm viability assays but had low values for EOP, was found to be inhibited and controlled by the phage cocktail. These observations indicate that phages could control and remove Salmonella biofilms throughout their growth and maturation process, despite their low EOP values. Moreover, using infection assays in liquid culture enables a more precise study of phage interactions for cocktail design timelessly and effortlessly. Hence, integrating strategies and techniques to comprehensively assess the host range and lytic activity of bacteriophages under different conditions can demonstrate more accurately the antibacterial potential of phage cocktails.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jhonatan Macedo Ribeiro
- Laboratory of Basic and Applied Bacteriology, State University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Giovana Nicolete Pereira
- Laboratory of Basic and Applied Bacteriology, State University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Itamar Durli Junior
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | | | - Mariana Marques Bertozzi
- Laboratory of Pain, Inflammation, Neuropathy, and Cancer, State University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Waldiceu A Verri
- Laboratory of Pain, Inflammation, Neuropathy, and Cancer, State University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Gerson Nakazato
- Laboratory of Basic and Applied Bacteriology, State University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil.
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12
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Meneses L, Brandão AC, Coenye T, Braga AC, Pires DP, Azeredo J. A systematic review of the use of bacteriophages for in vitro biofilm control. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2023:10.1007/s10096-023-04638-1. [PMID: 37407800 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-023-04638-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Bacteriophages (phages) are very promising biological agents for the prevention and control of bacterial biofilms. However, little is known about the parameters that can influence the efficacy of phages on biofilms. This systematic review provides a summary and analysis of the published data about the use of phages to control pre-formed biofilms in vitro, suggesting recommendations for future experiments in this area. A total of 68 articles, containing data on 605 experiments addressing the efficacy of phages to control biofilms in vitro were included, after a search conducted in Web of Science, Embase, and Medline (PubMed). The data collected from each experiment included information about biofilm growth conditions, phage characteristics, treatment conditions and biofilm reduction. In most cases, biofilms were formed in the surface of microtiter plates (82.5%); the median time for biofilm formation was 24 h, as is the median treatment duration. Quantification of biofilm biomass (52.6%), viable cells (25.5%) and metabolic activity (17.9%) were the most common biofilm assessment methods. Correlation analysis revealed that some phage parameters can influence the treatment outcome: higher phage concentrations were strongly associated with improved biofilm control, leading to higher levels of biofilm reduction, and phages with higher burst sizes and shorter latent periods seem to be the best candidates to control biofilms in vitro. However, the great variability of the methodologies used prompts the need for the development of standardized in vitro methodologies to characterize phage/biofilm interactions and to assess the efficacy of phages to control biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Meneses
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ana Catarina Brandão
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ESCMID Study Group for Biofilms (ESGB), Basel, Switzerland
| | - Tom Coenye
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- ESCMID Study Group for Biofilms (ESGB), Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Diana Priscila Pires
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.
- ESCMID Study Group for Biofilms (ESGB), Basel, Switzerland.
- LABBELS -Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal.
| | - Joana Azeredo
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.
- ESCMID Study Group for Biofilms (ESGB), Basel, Switzerland.
- LABBELS -Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal.
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13
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Gao D, Ji H, Li X, Ke X, Li X, Chen P, Qian P. Host receptor identification of a polyvalent lytic phage GSP044, and preliminary assessment of its efficacy in the clearance of Salmonella. Microbiol Res 2023; 273:127412. [PMID: 37243984 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2023.127412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Salmonella and pathogenic Escherichia coli are important foodborne pathogens. Phages are being recognized as potential antibacterial agents to control foodborne pathogens. In the current study, a polyvalent broad-spectrum phage, GSP044, was isolated from pig farm sewage. It can simultaneously lyse many different serotypes of Salmonella and E. coli, exhibiting a broad host range. Using S. Enteritidis SE006 as the host bacterium, phage GSP044 was further characterized. GSP044 has a short latent period (10 min), high stability at different temperatures and pH, and good tolerance to chloroform. Genome sequencing analysis revealed that GSP044 has a double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) genome consisting of 110,563 bp with G + C content of 39%, and phylogenetic analysis of the terminase large subunit confirmed that GSP044 belonged to the Demerecviridae family, Epseptimavirus genus. In addition, the genomic sequence did not contain any lysogenicity-related, virulence-related, or antibiotic resistance-related genes. Analysis of phage-targeted host receptors revealed that the outer membrane protein (OMP) BtuB was identified as a required receptor for phage infection of host bacteria. The initial application capability of phage GSP044 was assessed using S. Enteritidis SE006. Phage GSP044 could effectively reduce biofilm formation and degrade the mature biofilm in vitro. Moreover, GSP044 significantly decreased the viable counts of artificially contaminated S. Enteritidis in chicken feed and drinking water. In vivo tests, a mouse model of intestinal infection demonstrated that phage GSP044 was able to reduce the number of colonized S. Enteritidis in the intestine. These results suggest that phage GSP044 may be a promising candidate biologic agent for controlling Salmonella infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyang Gao
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, People's Republic of China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, the Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongyue Ji
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, People's Republic of China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, the Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Li
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, People's Republic of China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, the Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiquan Ke
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, People's Republic of China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, the Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangmin Li
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, People's Republic of China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, the Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Pin Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, People's Republic of China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, the Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ping Qian
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, People's Republic of China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, the Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, People's Republic of China.
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14
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Hussain W, Yang X, Ullah M, Wang H, Aziz A, Xu F, Asif M, Ullah MW, Wang S. Genetic engineering of bacteriophages: Key concepts, strategies, and applications. Biotechnol Adv 2023; 64:108116. [PMID: 36773707 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2023.108116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
Bacteriophages are the most abundant biological entity in the world and hold a tremendous amount of unexplored genetic information. Since their discovery, phages have drawn a great deal of attention from researchers despite their small size. The development of advanced strategies to modify their genomes and produce engineered phages with desired traits has opened new avenues for their applications. This review presents advanced strategies for developing engineered phages and their potential antibacterial applications in phage therapy, disruption of biofilm, delivery of antimicrobials, use of endolysin as an antibacterial agent, and altering the phage host range. Similarly, engineered phages find applications in eukaryotes as a shuttle for delivering genes and drugs to the targeted cells, and are used in the development of vaccines and facilitating tissue engineering. The use of phage display-based specific peptides for vaccine development, diagnostic tools, and targeted drug delivery is also discussed in this review. The engineered phage-mediated industrial food processing and biocontrol, advanced wastewater treatment, phage-based nano-medicines, and their use as a bio-recognition element for the detection of bacterial pathogens are also part of this review. The genetic engineering approaches hold great potential to accelerate translational phages and research. Overall, this review provides a deep understanding of the ingenious knowledge of phage engineering to move them beyond their innate ability for potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wajid Hussain
- Advanced Biomaterials & Tissues Engineering Center, College of Life Sciences and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Xiaohan Yang
- Advanced Biomaterials & Tissues Engineering Center, College of Life Sciences and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Mati Ullah
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Huan Wang
- Advanced Biomaterials & Tissues Engineering Center, College of Life Sciences and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Ayesha Aziz
- Advanced Biomaterials & Tissues Engineering Center, College of Life Sciences and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Fang Xu
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology Hospital, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Muhammad Asif
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Plasma Chemistry and Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China
| | - Muhammad Wajid Ullah
- Biofuels Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
| | - Shenqi Wang
- Advanced Biomaterials & Tissues Engineering Center, College of Life Sciences and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China.
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15
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Youssef O, Agún S, Fernández L, Khalil SA, Rodríguez A, García P. Impact of the calcium concentration on the efficacy of phage phiIPLA-RODI, LysRODIΔAmi and nisin for the elimination of Staphylococcus aureus during lab-scale cheese production. Int J Food Microbiol 2023; 399:110227. [PMID: 37148666 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2023.110227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a Gram-positive human opportunistic pathogen that may also cause food poisoning because of the ability of some strains to produce heat stable enterotoxins that can persist in food even after the pathogen is successfully eliminated. In this context, biopreservation may be a forward-looking strategy to help eliminate staphylococcal contamination in dairy products by using natural compounds. However, these antimicrobials exhibit individual limitations that may be overcome by combining them. This work investigates the combination of a virulent bacteriophage, phiIPLA-RODI, a phage-derived engineered lytic protein, LysRODIΔAmi, and the bacteriocin nisin for the elimination of S. aureus during lab-scale cheese production at two CaCl2 concentrations (0.2 % and 0.02 %), and subsequent storage at two different temperatures (4 °C and 12 °C). In most of the assayed conditions, our results demonstrate that the combined action of the antimicrobials led to a greater reduction of the pathogen population than the compounds individually, albeit this effect was additive and not synergistic. However, our results did show synergy between the three antimicrobials for reducing the bacterial load after 14 days of storage at 12 °C, temperature at which there is growth of the S. aureus population. Additionally, we tested the impact of the calcium concentration on the activity of the combination treatment and observed that higher CaCl2 levels led to a notable increase in endolysin activity that allowed the utilization of approximately 10-times less protein to attain the same efficacy. Overall, our data show that the combination of LysRODIΔAmi with nisin and/or phage phiIPLA-RODI, and an increase in the calcium concentration are successful strategies to decrease the amount of protein required for the control of S. aureus contamination in the dairy sector with a low potential for resistance selection, thereby reducing costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Youssef
- Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias (IPLA-CSIC), Paseo Río Linares s/n, 33300 Villaviciosa, Asturias, Spain; DairySafe Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain; Microbiology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Egypt; Animal Health Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Egypt
| | - Seila Agún
- Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias (IPLA-CSIC), Paseo Río Linares s/n, 33300 Villaviciosa, Asturias, Spain; DairySafe Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Lucía Fernández
- Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias (IPLA-CSIC), Paseo Río Linares s/n, 33300 Villaviciosa, Asturias, Spain; DairySafe Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain.
| | - Samy A Khalil
- Microbiology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Egypt
| | - Ana Rodríguez
- Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias (IPLA-CSIC), Paseo Río Linares s/n, 33300 Villaviciosa, Asturias, Spain; DairySafe Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Pilar García
- Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias (IPLA-CSIC), Paseo Río Linares s/n, 33300 Villaviciosa, Asturias, Spain; DairySafe Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
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16
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Abdelaziz AA, Abo Kamer AM, Nosair AM, Al-Madboly LA. Exploring the potential efficacy of phage therapy for biocontrol of foodborne pathogenic extensively drug-resistant Escherichia coli in gastrointestinal tract of rat model. Life Sci 2023; 315:121362. [PMID: 36610637 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.121362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
AIM The emergence of extensively drug-resistant (XDR) Escherichia coli leaves little or no therapeutic options for the control of these foodborne pathogens. The goal is to isolate, characterize, and assess the potential efficacy of a bacteriophage in the treatment of an induced gastrointestinal tract infection. MAIN METHODS Sewage water was used to isolate phage phPE42. Transmission electron microscope was used for the visualization of phage morphology. Lysis profile, growth kinetics, and stability studies were determined. The ability of phage to eradicate biofilms was assessed by crystal violet staining, resazurin assay, compound bright field microscope, and confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM). Moreover, the efficacy of phage phPE42 as a potential therapy was evaluated in a rat model. KEY FINDINGS A newly lytic Myoviridae phage phPE42 was isolated and exhibited broad coverage activity (48.6 %) against E. coli clinical isolates. It demonstrated favorable growth kinetics and relative stability under a variety of challenging conditions. The resazurin colorimetric assay and CLSM provided evidence of phage potential's ability to significantly (P < 0.05) decrease the viability of biofilm-embedded cells. The bacterial burden in animal faeces was effectively eradicated (P < 0.05) by oral administration of phage phPE42. Phage-treated rats exhibited a significant decrease in tissue damage with no signs of inflammation, necrosis, or erosion. Furthermore, phage therapy significantly (P < 0.05) reduced the expression level of the apoptotic marker caspase-3 and the inflammatory cytokine TNF-α. SIGNIFICANCE Treatment with phage phPE42 is considered a promising alternative therapy for the control of severe foodborne infections spurred by pathogenic XDR E. coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed A Abdelaziz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt.
| | - Amal M Abo Kamer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed M Nosair
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt.
| | - Lamiaa A Al-Madboly
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt.
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17
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Beyond the Risk of Biofilms: An Up-and-Coming Battleground of Bacterial Life and Potential Antibiofilm Agents. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13020503. [PMID: 36836860 PMCID: PMC9959329 DOI: 10.3390/life13020503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbial pathogens and their virulence factors like biofilms are one of the major factors which influence the disease process and its outcomes. Biofilms are a complex microbial network that is produced by bacteria on any devices and/or biotic surfaces to escape harsh environmental conditions and antimicrobial effects. Due to the natural protective nature of biofilms and the associated multidrug resistance issues, researchers evaluated several natural anti-biofilm agents, including bacteriophages and their derivatives, honey, plant extracts, and surfactants for better destruction of biofilm and planktonic cells. This review discusses some of these natural agents that are being put into practice to prevent biofilm formation. In addition, we highlight bacterial biofilm formation and the mechanism of resistance to antibiotics.
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Wang M, Zhu H, Wei J, Jiang L, Jiang L, Liu Z, Li R, Wang Z. Uncovering the determinants of model Escherichia coli strain C600 susceptibility and resistance to lytic T4-like and T7-like phage. Virus Res 2023; 325:199048. [PMID: 36681192 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2023.199048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
As antimicrobial resistance (AMR) continues to increase, the therapeutic use of phages has re-emerged as an attractive alternative. However, knowledge of phage resistance development and bacterium-phage interaction complexity are still not fully interpreted. In this study, two lytic T4-like and T7-like phage infecting model Escherichia coli strain C600 are selected, and host genetic determinants involved in phage susceptibility and resistance are also identified using TraDIS strategy. Isolation and identification of the lytic T7-like show that though it belongs to the phage T7 family, genes encoding replication and transcription protein exhibit high differences. The TraDIS results identify a huge number of previously unidentified genes involved in phage infection, and a subset (six in susceptibility and nine in resistance) are shared under pressure of the two kinds of lytic phage. Susceptible gene wbbL has the highest value and implies the important role in phage susceptibility. Importantly, two susceptible genes QseE (QseE/QseF) and RstB (RstB/RstA), encoding the similar two-component system sensor histidine kinase (HKs), also identified. Conversely and strangely, outer membrane protein gene ompW, unlike the gene ompC encoding receptor protein of T4 phage, was shown to provide phage resistance. Overall, this study exploited a genome-wide fitness assay to uncover susceptibility and resistant genes, even the shared genes, important for the E. coli strain of both most popular high lytic T4-like and T7-like phages. This knowledge of the genetic determinants can be further used to analysis the behind function signatures to screen the potential agents to aid phage killing of MDR pathogens, which will greatly be valuable in improving the phage therapy outcome in fighting with microbial resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mianzhi Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China; Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (PAPD), Yangzhou 225009, China.
| | - Heng Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China; Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (PAPD), Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Jingyi Wei
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China; Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (PAPD), Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Li Jiang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China; Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (PAPD), Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Lei Jiang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China; Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (PAPD), Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Ziyi Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China; Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (PAPD), Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Ruichao Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China; Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (PAPD), Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Zhiqiang Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China; Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (PAPD), Yangzhou 225009, China; International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China.
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Mulani MS, Kumkar SN, Pardesi KR. Characterization of Novel Klebsiella Phage PG14 and Its Antibiofilm Efficacy. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0199422. [PMID: 36374021 PMCID: PMC9769620 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01994-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The increasing frequency of infections caused by multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae demands the development of unconventional therapies. Here, we isolated, characterized, and sequenced a Klebsiella phage PG14 that infects and lyses carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae G14. Phage PG14 showed morphology similar to the phages belonging to the family Siphoviridae. The adsorption curve of phage PG14 showed more than 90% adsorption of phages on a host within 12 min. A latent period of 20 min and a burst size of 47 was observed in the one step growth curve. Phage PG14 is stable at a temperature below 30°C and in the pH range of 6 to 8. The PG14 genome showed no putative genes associated with virulence and antibiotic resistance. Additionally, it has shown lysis against 6 out of 13 isolates tested, suggesting the suitability of this phage for therapeutic applications. Phage PG14 showed more than a 7-log cycle reduction in K. pneumoniae planktonic cells after 24 h of treatment at a multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 10. The phage PG14 showed a significant inhibition and disruption of biofilm produced by K. pneumoniae G14. The promising results of this study nominate phage PG14 as a potential candidate for phage therapy. IMPORTANCE Klebsiella pneumoniae is one of the members of the ESKAPE (Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter species) group of pathogens and is responsible for nosocomial infections. The global increase of carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae has developed a substantial clinical threat because of the dearth of therapeutic choices available. K. pneumoniae is one of the commonly found bacteria responsible for biofilm-related infections. Due to the inherent tolerance of biofilms to antibiotics, there is a growing need to develop alternative strategies to control biofilm-associated infections. This study characterized a novel bacteriophage PG14, which can inhibit and disrupt the K. pneumoniae biofilm. The genome of phage PG14 does not show any putative genes related to antimicrobial resistance or virulence, making it a potential candidate for phage therapy. This study displays the possibility of treating infections caused by multidrug-resistant (MDR) isolates of K. pneumoniae using phage PG14 alone or combined with other therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mansura S. Mulani
- Department of Microbiology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, Maharashtra, India
- Abeda Inamdar Senior College, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Shital N. Kumkar
- Department of Microbiology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Karishma R. Pardesi
- Department of Microbiology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, Maharashtra, India
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Characterization of newly isolated bacteriophage to control multi-drug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa colonizing incision wounds in a rat model: in vitro and in vivo approach. Life Sci 2022; 310:121085. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.121085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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A Bioluminescence-Based Ex Vivo Burn Wound Model for Real-Time Assessment of Novel Phage-Inspired Enzybiotics. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14122553. [PMID: 36559047 PMCID: PMC9781546 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14122553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The silent pandemic of antibiotic resistance is thriving, prompting the urgent need for the development of new antibacterial drugs. However, within the preclinical pipeline, in vitro screening conditions can differ significantly from the final in vivo settings. To bridge the gap between in vitro and in vivo assays, we developed a pig-skin-based bioluminescent ex vivo burn wound infection model, enabling real-time assessment of antibacterials in a longitudinal, non-destructive manner. We provide a proof-of-concept for A. baumannii NCTC13423, a multidrug-resistant clinical isolate, which was equipped with the luxCDABE operon as a reporter using a Tn7-based tagging system. This bioluminescence model provided a linear correlation between the number of bacteria and a broad dynamic range (104 to 109 CFU). This longitudinal model was subsequently validated using a fast-acting enzybiotic, 1D10. Since this model combines a realistic, clinically relevant yet strictly controlled environment with real-time measurement of bacterial burden, we put forward this ex vivo model as a valuable tool to assess the preclinical potential of novel phage-inspired enzybiotics.
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Vallenas-Sánchez YPA, Bautista-Valles MF, Llaque-Chávarri F, Mendoza-Coello ME. Bacteriophage cocktail as a substitute for antimicrobials in companion animal dermatology. JOURNAL OF THE SELVA ANDINA ANIMAL SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.36610/j.jsaas.2022.090200097x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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23
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Vallenas-Sánchez YPA, Bautista-Valles MF, Llaque-Chávarri F, Mendoza-Coello ME. Cóctel de bacteriófagos como sustituto de antimicrobianos en dermatología de animales de compañía. JOURNAL OF THE SELVA ANDINA ANIMAL SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.36610/j.jsaas.2022.090200097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Bactericidal Synergism between Phage YC#06 and Antibiotics: a Combination Strategy to Target Multidrug-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii In Vitro and In Vivo. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0009622. [PMID: 35736241 PMCID: PMC9430793 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00096-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Phage-antibiotic combination (PAC) therapy is a potential new alternative to treat infections caused by pathogenic bacteria, particularly those caused by antibiotic-resistant bacteria. In the present study, phage YC#06 against highly multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii 4015 was isolated, identified, and characterized. Compared with antibiotics alone, the time-kill experiments in vitro showed that YC#06 and antibiotic mixtures that include the chloramphenicol, imipenem, and cefotaxime combination could produce phage-antibiotic synergy (PAS), which reduced the ultimate effective concentration of antibiotics. No phage-resistant bacteria have been isolated during the whole time-kill experiments in vitro. Of note, PAS was dose dependent, requiring a moderate phage dose to achieve maximum PAS effect. In addition, PAS could effectively inhibit biofilm formation and remove mature biofilms in vitro. Furthermore, PAS between the combination of YC#06 and antibiotic mixtures in vivo was validated using a zebrafish infection model. Overall, the results of this study demonstrate that PAC could be a viable strategy to treat infection caused by high-level multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii or other drug-resistant bacteria through switching to other types of phage and antibiotic mixtures. IMPORTANCE The treatment of multidrug-resistant bacterial infection is an urgent clinical problem. The combination of bacteriophages and antibiotics could produce synergistic bactericidal effects, which could reduce the emergence of antibiotic resistance and antibiotic consumption in antibiotic-sensitive bacteria, restore efficacy to antibiotics in antibiotic-resistant bacteria, and prevent the occurrence of phage-resistant bacteria. Phage-antibiotic combination (PAC) might be a potential new alternative for clinical treatment of multidrug-resistant bacterial infections.
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Bacteriophage therapy in aquaculture: current status and future challenges. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2022; 67:573-590. [PMID: 35305247 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-022-00965-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The escalation of antibiotic resistance has revitalized bacteriophage (phage) therapy. Recently, phage therapy has been gradually applied in medicine, agriculture, food, and environmental fields due to its distinctive features of high efficiency, specificity, and environmental friendliness compared to antibiotics. Likewise, phage therapy also holds great promise in controlling pathogenic bacteria in aquaculture. The application of phage therapy instead of antibiotics to eliminate pathogenic bacteria such as Vibrio, Pseudomonas, Aeromonas, and Flavobacterium and to reduce fish mortality in aquaculture has been frequently reported. In this context, the present review summarizes and analyzes the current status of phage therapy in aquaculture, focusing on the key parameters of phage application, such as phage isolation, selection, dosage, and administration modes, and introducing the strategies and methods to boost efficacy and restrain the emergence of resistance. In addition, we discussed the human safety, environmental friendliness, and techno-economic practicability of phage therapy in aquaculture. Finally, this review outlines the current challenges of phage therapy application in aquaculture from the perspectives of phage resistance, phage-mediated resistance gene transfer, and effects on the host immune system.
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Combined use of bacteriocins and bacteriophages as food biopreservatives. A review. Int J Food Microbiol 2022; 368:109611. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2022.109611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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27
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Simonetti O, Rizzetto G, Radi G, Molinelli E, Cirioni O, Giacometti A, Offidani A. New Perspectives on Old and New Therapies of Staphylococcal Skin Infections: The Role of Biofilm Targeting in Wound Healing. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10111377. [PMID: 34827315 PMCID: PMC8615132 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10111377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Revised: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Among the most common complications of both chronic wound and surgical sites are staphylococcal skin infections, which slow down the wound healing process due to various virulence factors, including the ability to produce biofilms. Furthermore, staphylococcal skin infections are often caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and become a therapeutic challenge. The aim of this narrative review is to collect the latest evidence on old and new anti-staphylococcal therapies, assessing their anti-biofilm properties and their effect on skin wound healing. We considered antibiotics, quorum sensing inhibitors, antimicrobial peptides, topical dressings, and antimicrobial photo-dynamic therapy. According to our review of the literature, targeting of biofilm is an important therapeutic choice in acute and chronic infected skin wounds both to overcome antibiotic resistance and to achieve better wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oriana Simonetti
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences Clinic of Dermatology, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60020 Ancona, Italy; (G.R.); (G.R.); (E.M.); (A.O.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0-715-963-494
| | - Giulio Rizzetto
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences Clinic of Dermatology, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60020 Ancona, Italy; (G.R.); (G.R.); (E.M.); (A.O.)
| | - Giulia Radi
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences Clinic of Dermatology, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60020 Ancona, Italy; (G.R.); (G.R.); (E.M.); (A.O.)
| | - Elisa Molinelli
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences Clinic of Dermatology, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60020 Ancona, Italy; (G.R.); (G.R.); (E.M.); (A.O.)
| | - Oscar Cirioni
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60020 Ancona, Italy; (O.C.); (A.G.)
| | - Andrea Giacometti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60020 Ancona, Italy; (O.C.); (A.G.)
| | - Annamaria Offidani
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences Clinic of Dermatology, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60020 Ancona, Italy; (G.R.); (G.R.); (E.M.); (A.O.)
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Gutiérrez D, Rodríguez-Rubio L, Ruas-Madiedo P, Fernández L, Campelo AB, Briers Y, Nielsen MW, Pedersen K, Lavigne R, García P, Rodríguez A. Design and Selection of Engineered Lytic Proteins With Staphylococcus aureus Decolonizing Activity. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:723834. [PMID: 34594314 PMCID: PMC8477017 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.723834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus causes various infections in humans and animals, the skin being the principal reservoir of this pathogen. The widespread occurrence of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) limits the elimination and treatment of this pathogen. Phage lytic proteins have been proven as efficient antimicrobials against S. aureus. Here, a set of 12 engineered proteins based on endolysins were conceptualized to select the most optimal following a stepwise funnel approach assessing parameters including turbidity reduction, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), time-kill curves, and antibiofilm assays, as well as testing their stability in a broad range of storage conditions (pH, temperature, and ionic strength). The engineered phage lysins LysRODIΔAmi and ClyRODI-H5 showed the highest specific lytic activity (5 to 50 times higher than the rest), exhibited a shelf-life up to 6 months and remained stable at temperatures up to 50°C and in a pH range from 3 to 9. LysRODIΔAmi showed the lower MIC values against all staphylococcal strains tested. Both proteins were able to kill 6 log units of the strain S. aureus Sa9 within 5 min and could remove preformed biofilms (76 and 65%, respectively). Moreover, LysRODIΔAmi could prevent biofilm formation at low protein concentrations (0.15–0.6 μM). Due to its enhanced antibiofilm properties, LysRODIΔAmi was selected to effectively remove S. aureus contamination in both intact and disrupted keratinocyte monolayers. Notably, this protein did not demonstrate any toxicity toward human keratinocytes, even at high concentrations (22.1 μM). Finally, a pig skin ex vivo model was used to evaluate treatment of artificially contaminated pig skin using LysRODIΔAmi (16.5 μg/cm2). Following an early reduction of S. aureus, a second dose of protein completely eradicated S. aureus. Overall, our results suggest that LysRODIΔAmi is a suitable candidate as antimicrobial agent to prevent and treat staphylococcal skin infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Gutiérrez
- Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias (IPLA-CSIC), Asturias, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain.,Laboratory of Applied Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lorena Rodríguez-Rubio
- Laboratory of Gene Technology, Department of Biosystems, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Patricia Ruas-Madiedo
- Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias (IPLA-CSIC), Asturias, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Lucía Fernández
- Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias (IPLA-CSIC), Asturias, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Ana Belén Campelo
- Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias (IPLA-CSIC), Asturias, Spain
| | - Yves Briers
- Laboratory of Applied Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Martin Weiss Nielsen
- Department of Microbiology and Production, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Karl Pedersen
- Department of Microbiology and Production, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Rob Lavigne
- Laboratory of Gene Technology, Department of Biosystems, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Pilar García
- Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias (IPLA-CSIC), Asturias, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Ana Rodríguez
- Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias (IPLA-CSIC), Asturias, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
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Amankwah S, Abdella K, Kassa T. Bacterial Biofilm Destruction: A Focused Review On The Recent Use of Phage-Based Strategies With Other Antibiofilm Agents. Nanotechnol Sci Appl 2021; 14:161-177. [PMID: 34548785 PMCID: PMC8449863 DOI: 10.2147/nsa.s325594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Biofilms are bacterial communities that live in association with biotic or abiotic surfaces and enclosed in an extracellular polymeric substance. Their formation on both biotic and abiotic surfaces, including human tissue and medical device surfaces, pose a major threat causing chronic infections. In addition, current antibiotics and antiseptic agents have shown limited ability to completely remove biofilms. In this review, the authors provide an overview on the formation of bacterial biofilms and its characteristics, burden and evolution with phages. Moreover, the most recent possible use of phages and phage-derived enzymes to combat bacteria in biofilm structures is elucidated. From the emerging results, it can be concluded that despite successful use of phages and phage-derived products in destroying biofilms, they are mostly not adequate to eradicate all bacterial cells. Nevertheless, a combined therapy with the use of phages and/or phage-derived products with other antimicrobial agents including antibiotics, nanoparticles, and antimicrobial peptides may be effective approaches to remove biofilms from medical device surfaces and to treat their associated infections in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Amankwah
- School of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Institute of Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
- Accra Medical Centre, Accra, Ghana
| | - Kedir Abdella
- School of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Institute of Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Tesfaye Kassa
- School of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Institute of Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
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30
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Plota M, Sazakli E, Giormezis N, Gkartziou F, Kolonitsiou F, Leotsinidis M, Antimisiaris SG, Spiliopoulou I. In Vitro Anti-Biofilm Activity of Bacteriophage K (ATCC 19685-B1) and Daptomycin against Staphylococci. Microorganisms 2021; 9:1853. [PMID: 34576751 PMCID: PMC8468654 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9091853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to investigate anti-staphylococcal activity of daptomycin and bacteriophage K, alone or in combination, against biofilm-producers and non-producers S. aureus and S. epidermidis strains, under biofilm forming and cells' proliferation conditions. Daptomycin and bacteriophage K (ATCC 19685B1), in different concentrations, were tested against 10 Staphylococcus aureus and 10 S. epidermidis, characterized by phenotypes and genotypes. The quantitative microtiter plate (crystal violet, CV), methylthiazoltetrazolium (MTT), and growth curve (GC) assays were performed. No statistically significant difference was found between species, whereas daptomycin alone performed better using medium and high concentrations of the drug and bacteriophage K was more active against strains with higher susceptibility, by CV and MTT assays. Best results were achieved using both agents combined in high concentrations. Bacteriophage K was effective within 3.8 and 2.4 h, depending on the concentration used, by the GC assay. Combination of daptomycin with bacteriophage K was more effective against staphylococci, depending on the concentrations used and strains' susceptibility. Further studies are needed to evaluate if this approach might be a choice for prevention or therapy of biofilm-associated infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Plota
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece; (M.P.); (F.K.)
- National Reference Centre for Staphylococci, School of Medicine, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece;
| | - Eleni Sazakli
- Laboratory of Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece; (E.S.); (M.L.)
| | - Nikolaos Giormezis
- National Reference Centre for Staphylococci, School of Medicine, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece;
| | - Foteini Gkartziou
- Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences, FORTH/ICE-HT, Platani, 26504 Patras, Greece; (F.G.); (S.G.A.)
| | - Fevronia Kolonitsiou
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece; (M.P.); (F.K.)
- National Reference Centre for Staphylococci, School of Medicine, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece;
| | - Michalis Leotsinidis
- Laboratory of Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece; (E.S.); (M.L.)
| | - Sophia G. Antimisiaris
- Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences, FORTH/ICE-HT, Platani, 26504 Patras, Greece; (F.G.); (S.G.A.)
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Iris Spiliopoulou
- National Reference Centre for Staphylococci, School of Medicine, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece;
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Ramos-Vivas J, Elexpuru-Zabaleta M, Samano ML, Barrera AP, Forbes-Hernández TY, Giampieri F, Battino M. Phages and Enzybiotics in Food Biopreservation. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26175138. [PMID: 34500572 PMCID: PMC8433972 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26175138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Presently, biopreservation through protective bacterial cultures and their antimicrobial products or using antibacterial compounds derived from plants are proposed as feasible strategies to maintain the long shelf-life of products. Another emerging category of food biopreservatives are bacteriophages or their antibacterial enzymes called "phage lysins" or "enzybiotics", which can be used directly as antibacterial agents due to their ability to act on the membranes of bacteria and destroy them. Bacteriophages are an alternative to antimicrobials in the fight against bacteria, mainly because they have a practically unique host range that gives them great specificity. In addition to their potential ability to specifically control strains of pathogenic bacteria, their use does not generate a negative environmental impact as in the case of antibiotics. Both phages and their enzymes can favor a reduction in antibiotic use, which is desirable given the alarming increase in resistance to antibiotics used not only in human medicine but also in veterinary medicine, agriculture, and in general all processes of manufacturing, preservation, and distribution of food. We present here an overview of the scientific background of phages and enzybiotics in the food industry, as well as food applications of these biopreservatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Ramos-Vivas
- Research Group on Foods, Nutritional Biochemistry and Health, Universidad Europea del Atlántico, 39011 Santander, Spain; (J.R.-V.); (M.E.-Z.); (M.L.S.)
- Department of Project Management, Universidad Internacional Iberoamericana, Campeche 24560, Mexico;
| | - María Elexpuru-Zabaleta
- Research Group on Foods, Nutritional Biochemistry and Health, Universidad Europea del Atlántico, 39011 Santander, Spain; (J.R.-V.); (M.E.-Z.); (M.L.S.)
| | - María Luisa Samano
- Research Group on Foods, Nutritional Biochemistry and Health, Universidad Europea del Atlántico, 39011 Santander, Spain; (J.R.-V.); (M.E.-Z.); (M.L.S.)
- Department of Project Management, Universidad Internacional Iberoamericana, Campeche 24560, Mexico;
| | - Alina Pascual Barrera
- Department of Project Management, Universidad Internacional Iberoamericana, Campeche 24560, Mexico;
| | | | - Francesca Giampieri
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (F.G.); (M.B.); Tel.: +339-071-220-4136 (F.G.); +339-071-220-4646 (M.B.)
| | - Maurizio Battino
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
- International Research Center for Food Nutrition and Safety, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
- Correspondence: (F.G.); (M.B.); Tel.: +339-071-220-4136 (F.G.); +339-071-220-4646 (M.B.)
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Draft Genome Sequences of the Bap-Producing Strain Staphylococcus aureus V329 and Its Derived Phage-Resistant Mutant BIM-1. Microbiol Resour Announc 2021; 10:e0050021. [PMID: 34264112 PMCID: PMC8281075 DOI: 10.1128/mra.00500-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
This study reports the draft genome sequences of Staphylococcus aureus V329, a Bap-producing strain isolated from a case of subclinical bovine mastitis in Spain, and a derived mutant (BIM-1) resistant to phage phiIPLA-RODI. Comparison of the two genomes revealed that the mutant strain has a point mutation in the gene tagO.
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