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Matsuo K, Nshihara H. Rebuilding insight into the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease through new blood-brain barrier models. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:1954-1960. [PMID: 38227521 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.390978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier is a unique function of the microvasculature in the brain parenchyma that maintains homeostasis in the central nervous system. Blood-brain barrier breakdown is a common pathology in various neurological diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, stroke, multiple sclerosis, and Parkinson's disease. Traditionally, it has been considered a consequence of neuroinflammation or neurodegeneration, but recent advanced imaging techniques and detailed studies in animal models show that blood-brain barrier breakdown occurs early in the disease process and may precede neuronal loss. Thus, the blood-brain barrier is attractive as a potential therapeutic target for neurological diseases that lack effective therapeutics. To elucidate the molecular mechanism underlying blood-brain barrier breakdown and translate them into therapeutic strategies for neurological diseases, there is a growing demand for experimental models of human origin that allow for functional assessments. Recently, several human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived blood-brain barrier models have been established and various in vitro blood-brain barrier models using microdevices have been proposed. Especially in the Alzheimer's disease field, the human evidence for blood-brain barrier dysfunction has been demonstrated and human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived blood-brain barrier models have suggested the putative molecular mechanisms of pathological blood-brain barrier. In this review, we summarize recent evidence of blood-brain barrier dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease from pathological analyses, imaging studies, animal models, and stem cell sources. Additionally, we discuss the potential future directions for blood-brain barrier research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinya Matsuo
- Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Hideaki Nshihara
- Department of Neurotherapeutics, Yamaguchi University, Ube, Japan
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2
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Lee HJ, Choi HJ, Jeong YJ, Na YH, Hong JT, Han JM, Hoe HS, Lim KH. Developing theragnostics for Alzheimer's disease: Insights from cancer treatment. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 269:131925. [PMID: 38685540 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
The prevalence of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and its associated economic and societal burdens are on the rise, but there are no curative treatments for AD. Interestingly, this neurodegenerative disease shares several biological and pathophysiological features with cancer, including cell-cycle dysregulation, angiogenesis, mitochondrial dysfunction, protein misfolding, and DNA damage. However, the genetic factors contributing to the overlap in biological processes between cancer and AD have not been actively studied. In this review, we discuss the shared biological features of cancer and AD, the molecular targets of anticancer drugs, and therapeutic approaches. First, we outline the common biological features of cancer and AD. Second, we describe several anticancer drugs, their molecular targets, and their effects on AD pathology. Finally, we discuss how protein-protein interactions (PPIs), receptor inhibition, immunotherapy, and gene therapy can be exploited for the cure and management of both cancer and AD. Collectively, this review provides insights for the development of AD theragnostics based on cancer drugs and molecular targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Ju Lee
- Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), 61, Cheomdan-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu 41062, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Jeong Choi
- Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), 61, Cheomdan-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu 41062, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoo Joo Jeong
- Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), 61, Cheomdan-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu 41062, Republic of Korea; Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science & Technology (DGIST), 333, Techno jungang-daero, Hyeonpung-eup, Dalseong-gun, Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon-Hee Na
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju-si 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Tae Hong
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju-si 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Min Han
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju-si 28160, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyang-Sook Hoe
- Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), 61, Cheomdan-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu 41062, Republic of Korea; Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science & Technology (DGIST), 333, Techno jungang-daero, Hyeonpung-eup, Dalseong-gun, Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea.
| | - Key-Hwan Lim
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju-si 28160, Republic of Korea.
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Mokbel AY, Burns MP, Main BS. The contribution of the meningeal immune interface to neuroinflammation in traumatic brain injury. J Neuroinflammation 2024; 21:135. [PMID: 38802931 PMCID: PMC11131220 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-024-03122-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of disability and mortality worldwide, particularly among the elderly, yet our mechanistic understanding of what renders the post-traumatic brain vulnerable to poor outcomes, and susceptible to neurological disease, is incomplete. It is well established that dysregulated and sustained immune responses elicit negative consequences after TBI; however, our understanding of the neuroimmune interface that facilitates crosstalk between central and peripheral immune reservoirs is in its infancy. The meninges serve as the interface between the brain and the immune system, facilitating important bi-directional roles in both healthy and disease settings. It has been previously shown that disruption of this system exacerbates neuroinflammation in age-related neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease; however, we have an incomplete understanding of how the meningeal compartment influences immune responses after TBI. In this manuscript, we will offer a detailed overview of the holistic nature of neuroinflammatory responses in TBI, including hallmark features observed across clinical and animal models. We will highlight the structure and function of the meningeal lymphatic system, including its role in immuno-surveillance and immune responses within the meninges and the brain. We will provide a comprehensive update on our current knowledge of meningeal-derived responses across the spectrum of TBI, and identify new avenues for neuroimmune modulation within the neurotrauma field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa Y Mokbel
- Department of Neuroscience, Georgetown University Medical Center, New Research Building-EG11, 3970 Reservoir Rd, NW, Washington, DC, 20057, USA
| | - Mark P Burns
- Department of Neuroscience, Georgetown University Medical Center, New Research Building-EG11, 3970 Reservoir Rd, NW, Washington, DC, 20057, USA
| | - Bevan S Main
- Department of Neuroscience, Georgetown University Medical Center, New Research Building-EG11, 3970 Reservoir Rd, NW, Washington, DC, 20057, USA.
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Pianese V, Alvarez-Torres D, Gemez-Mata J, Garcia-Rosado E, Moreno P, Fausto AM, Taddei AR, Picchietti S, Scapigliati G. T-cells and CD45-cells discovery in the central nervous system of healthy and nodavirus-infected teleost fish Dicentrarchus labrax. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2024:109646. [PMID: 38810712 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 05/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
To achieve insights in antiviral immune defense of the central nervous system (CNS), we investigated T cells and CD45 cells in the marine fish model Dicentrarchus labrax infected with the CNS-tropic virus betanodavirus. By employing markers for pan-T cells (mAb DLT15) and CD45-cells (mAb DLT22) in immunofluorescence (IIF) of leukocytes from brain, we obtained 3,7±2.3% of T cells and 7.3±3.2% of CD45+ cells. Both IIF and immunoelectron microscopy confirmed a leukocyte/glial morphology for the immunoreactive cells. Quantitative immunohistochemistry (qIHC) of brain/eye sections showed 1.9±0.8% of T+ cells and 2±0.9% of CD45+ cells in the brain and 3.6±1.9% and 4.1±2.2% in the eye, respectively. After in vivo RGNNV infection the number of T cells+/CD45 leukocytes in the brain increased to 8.3±2.1% and 11.6±4.4% (by IIF) and 26.1±3.4% and 45.6±5.9% (by qIHC), respectively. In the eye we counted after infection 8.5±4.4% of T cells and 10.2±5.8% of CD45 cells. Gene transcription analysis of brain mRNA revealed a strong increase of gene transcripts coding for: antiviral proteins Mx and ISG-12; T-cell related CD3ε/δ, TcRβ, CD4, CD8α, CD45; and for immuno-modulatory cytokines TNFα, IL-2, IL-10. A RAG-1 gene product was also present and upregulated, suggesting somatic recombination in the fish brain. Similar transcription data were obtained in the eye, albeit with differences. Our findings provide first evidence for a recruitment and involvement of T cells and CD45+ leukocytes in the fish eye-brain axis during antiviral responses and suggest similarities in the CNS immune defense across evolutionary distant vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Pianese
- University of Tuscia, Dept. DIBAF, Largo dell'Università, 01100 Viterbo (I).
| | - Daniel Alvarez-Torres
- University of Málaga, Institute of Biotecnology and Blue Development (IBYDA), 29071 Málaga (E).
| | - Juan Gemez-Mata
- University of Málaga, Institute of Biotecnology and Blue Development (IBYDA), Dept. Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, 29071 Málaga (E).
| | - Esther Garcia-Rosado
- University of Málaga, Institute of Biotecnology and Blue Development (IBYDA), Dept. Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, 29071 Málaga (E).
| | - Patricia Moreno
- University of Málaga, Institute of Biotecnology and Blue Development (IBYDA), Dept. Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, 29071 Málaga (E).
| | - Anna Maria Fausto
- University of Tuscia, Dept. DIBAF, Largo dell'Università, 01100 Viterbo (I).
| | - Anna Rita Taddei
- University of Tuscia, Section Microscopy (CGA), Largo dell'Università, 01100 Viterbo (I).
| | - Simona Picchietti
- University of Tuscia, Dept. DIBAF, Largo dell'Università, 01100 Viterbo (I).
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Dai X, Liang R, Dai M, Li X, Zhao W. Smoking Impacts Alzheimer's Disease Progression Through Oral Microbiota Modulation. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-04241-1. [PMID: 38795302 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04241-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/27/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an important public health challenge with a limited understanding of its pathogenesis. Smoking is a significant modifiable risk factor for AD progression, and its specific mechanism is often interpreted from a toxicological perspective. However, microbial infections also contribute to AD, with oral microbiota playing a crucial role in its progression. Notably, smoking alters the ecological structure and pathogenicity of the oral microbiota. Currently, there is no systematic review or summary of the relationship between these three factors; thus, understanding this association can help in the development of new treatments. This review summarizes the connections between smoking, AD, and oral microbiota from existing research. It also explores how smoking affects the occurrence and development of AD through oral microbiota, and examines treatments for oral microbiota that delay the progression of AD. Furthermore, this review emphasizes the potential of the oral microbiota to act as a biomarker for AD. Finally, it considers the feasibility of probiotics and oral antibacterial therapy to expand treatment methods for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingzhu Dai
- Department of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rui Liang
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Manqiong Dai
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wanghong Zhao
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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6
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Galindo AN, Frey Rubio DA, Hettiaratchi MH. Biomaterial strategies for regulating the neuroinflammatory response. MATERIALS ADVANCES 2024; 5:4025-4054. [PMID: 38774837 PMCID: PMC11103561 DOI: 10.1039/d3ma00736g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024]
Abstract
Injury and disease in the central nervous system (CNS) can result in a dysregulated inflammatory environment that inhibits the repair of functional tissue. Biomaterials present a promising approach to tackle this complex inhibitory environment and modulate the mechanisms involved in neuroinflammation to halt the progression of secondary injury and promote the repair of functional tissue. In this review, we will cover recent advances in biomaterial strategies, including nanoparticles, hydrogels, implantable scaffolds, and neural probe coatings, that have been used to modulate the innate immune response to injury and disease within the CNS. The stages of inflammation following CNS injury and the main inflammatory contributors involved in common neurodegenerative diseases will be discussed, as understanding the inflammatory response to injury and disease is critical for identifying therapeutic targets and designing effective biomaterial-based treatment strategies. Biomaterials and novel composites will then be discussed with an emphasis on strategies that deliver immunomodulatory agents or utilize cell-material interactions to modulate inflammation and promote functional tissue repair. We will explore the application of these biomaterial-based strategies in the context of nanoparticle- and hydrogel-mediated delivery of small molecule drugs and therapeutic proteins to inflamed nervous tissue, implantation of hydrogels and scaffolds to modulate immune cell behavior and guide axon elongation, and neural probe coatings to mitigate glial scarring and enhance signaling at the tissue-device interface. Finally, we will present a future outlook on the growing role of biomaterial-based strategies for immunomodulation in regenerative medicine and neuroengineering applications in the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alycia N Galindo
- Phil and Penny Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, University of Oregon Eugene OR USA
| | - David A Frey Rubio
- Phil and Penny Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, University of Oregon Eugene OR USA
| | - Marian H Hettiaratchi
- Phil and Penny Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, University of Oregon Eugene OR USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oregon Eugene OR USA
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7
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Jacobs T, Jacobson SR, Fortea J, Berger JS, Vedvyas A, Marsh K, He T, Gutierrez-Jimenez E, Fillmore NR, Gonzalez M, Figueredo L, Gaggi NL, Plaska CR, Pomara N, Blessing E, Betensky R, Rusinek H, Zetterberg H, Blennow K, Glodzik L, Wisniweski TM, de Leon MJ, Osorio RS, Ramos-Cejudo J. The neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio associates with markers of Alzheimer's disease pathology in cognitively unimpaired elderly people. Immun Ageing 2024; 21:32. [PMID: 38760856 PMCID: PMC11100119 DOI: 10.1186/s12979-024-00435-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND An elevated neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in blood has been associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, an elevated NLR has also been implicated in many other conditions that are risk factors for AD, prompting investigation into whether the NLR is directly linked with AD pathology or a result of underlying comorbidities. Herein, we explored the relationship between the NLR and AD biomarkers in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of cognitively unimpaired (CU) subjects. Adjusting for sociodemographics, APOE4, and common comorbidities, we investigated these associations in two cohorts: the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) and the M.J. de Leon CSF repository at NYU. Specifically, we examined associations between the NLR and cross-sectional measures of amyloid-β42 (Aβ42), total tau (t-tau), and phosphorylated tau181 (p-tau), as well as the trajectories of these CSF measures obtained longitudinally. RESULTS A total of 111 ADNI and 190 NYU participants classified as CU with available NLR, CSF, and covariate data were included. Compared to NYU, ADNI participants were older (73.79 vs. 61.53, p < 0.001), had a higher proportion of males (49.5% vs. 36.8%, p = 0.042), higher BMIs (27.94 vs. 25.79, p < 0.001), higher prevalence of hypertensive history (47.7% vs. 16.3%, p < 0.001), and a greater percentage of Aβ-positivity (34.2% vs. 20.0%, p = 0.009). In the ADNI cohort, we found cross-sectional associations between the NLR and CSF Aβ42 (β = -12.193, p = 0.021), but not t-tau or p-tau. In the NYU cohort, we found cross-sectional associations between the NLR and CSF t-tau (β = 26.812, p = 0.019) and p-tau (β = 3.441, p = 0.015), but not Aβ42. In the NYU cohort alone, subjects classified as Aβ + (n = 38) displayed a stronger association between the NLR and t-tau (β = 100.476, p = 0.037) compared to Aβ- subjects or the non-stratified cohort. In both cohorts, the same associations observed in the cross-sectional analyses were observed after incorporating longitudinal CSF data. CONCLUSIONS We report associations between the NLR and Aβ42 in the older ADNI cohort, and between the NLR and t-tau and p-tau in the younger NYU cohort. Associations persisted after adjusting for comorbidities, suggesting a direct link between the NLR and AD. However, changes in associations between the NLR and specific AD biomarkers may occur as part of immunosenescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tovia Jacobs
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University (NYU) Grossman School of Medicine, Division of Brain Aging, 145 East 32Nd Street, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Sean R Jacobson
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University (NYU) Grossman School of Medicine, Division of Brain Aging, 145 East 32Nd Street, New York, NY, 10016, USA
- VA Boston Cooperative Studies Program, MAVERIC, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Juan Fortea
- Sant Pau Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital de La Santa Creu y Sant Pau, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jeffrey S Berger
- Divisions of Cardiology and Hematology, Department of Medicine, New York University (NYU) Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alok Vedvyas
- Department of Neurology, New York University (NYU) Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Karyn Marsh
- Department of Neurology, New York University (NYU) Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tianshe He
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University (NYU) Grossman School of Medicine, Division of Brain Aging, 145 East 32Nd Street, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | | | - Nathanael R Fillmore
- VA Boston Cooperative Studies Program, MAVERIC, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Moses Gonzalez
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University (NYU) Grossman School of Medicine, Division of Brain Aging, 145 East 32Nd Street, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Luisa Figueredo
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University (NYU) Grossman School of Medicine, Division of Brain Aging, 145 East 32Nd Street, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Naomi L Gaggi
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University (NYU) Grossman School of Medicine, Division of Brain Aging, 145 East 32Nd Street, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Chelsea Reichert Plaska
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University (NYU) Grossman School of Medicine, Division of Brain Aging, 145 East 32Nd Street, New York, NY, 10016, USA
- Nathan Kline Institute, 140 Old Orangeburg Rd, Orangeburg, NY, 10962, USA
| | - Nunzio Pomara
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University (NYU) Grossman School of Medicine, Division of Brain Aging, 145 East 32Nd Street, New York, NY, 10016, USA
- Nathan Kline Institute, 140 Old Orangeburg Rd, Orangeburg, NY, 10962, USA
- Department of Pathology, New York University (NYU) Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Esther Blessing
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University (NYU) Grossman School of Medicine, Division of Brain Aging, 145 East 32Nd Street, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Rebecca Betensky
- Department of Neurology, New York University (NYU) Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Henry Rusinek
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University (NYU) Grossman School of Medicine, Division of Brain Aging, 145 East 32Nd Street, New York, NY, 10016, USA
- Department of Radiology, New York University (NYU) Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, UK
- Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Inst. of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Lab, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
- Paris Brain Institute, ICM, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Sorbonne University, Paris, France
- Neurodegenerative Disorder Research Center, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, and Department of Neurology, Institute On Aging and Brain Disorders, University of Science and Technology of China and First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Lidia Glodzik
- Department of Neurology, New York University (NYU) Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Brain Health Imaging Institute, Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Thomas M Wisniweski
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University (NYU) Grossman School of Medicine, Division of Brain Aging, 145 East 32Nd Street, New York, NY, 10016, USA
- Department of Neurology, New York University (NYU) Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pathology, New York University (NYU) Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mony J de Leon
- Brain Health Imaging Institute, Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Retired director of Center for Brain Health, New York University (NYU) Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ricardo S Osorio
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University (NYU) Grossman School of Medicine, Division of Brain Aging, 145 East 32Nd Street, New York, NY, 10016, USA.
- Nathan Kline Institute, 140 Old Orangeburg Rd, Orangeburg, NY, 10962, USA.
| | - Jaime Ramos-Cejudo
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University (NYU) Grossman School of Medicine, Division of Brain Aging, 145 East 32Nd Street, New York, NY, 10016, USA.
- VA Boston Cooperative Studies Program, MAVERIC, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA.
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Lu IN, Cheung PFY, Heming M, Thomas C, Giglio G, Leo M, Erdemir M, Wirth T, König S, Dambietz CA, Schroeter CB, Nelke C, Siveke JT, Ruck T, Klotz L, Haider C, Höftberger R, Kleinschnitz C, Wiendl H, Hagenacker T, Meyer Zu Horste G. Cell-mediated cytotoxicity within CSF and brain parenchyma in spinal muscular atrophy unaltered by nusinersen treatment. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4120. [PMID: 38750052 PMCID: PMC11096380 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48195-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
5q-associated spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a motoneuron disease caused by mutations in the survival motor neuron 1 (SMN1) gene. Adaptive immunity may contribute to SMA as described in other motoneuron diseases, yet mechanisms remain elusive. Nusinersen, an antisense treatment, enhances SMN2 expression, benefiting SMA patients. Here we have longitudinally investigated SMA and nusinersen effects on local immune responses in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) - a surrogate of central nervous system parenchyma. Single-cell transcriptomics (SMA: N = 9 versus Control: N = 9) reveal NK cell and CD8+ T cell expansions in untreated SMA CSF, exhibiting activation and degranulation markers. Spatial transcriptomics coupled with multiplex immunohistochemistry elucidate cytotoxicity near chromatolytic motoneurons (N = 4). Post-nusinersen treatment, CSF shows unaltered protein/transcriptional profiles. These findings underscore cytotoxicity's role in SMA pathogenesis and propose it as a therapeutic target. Our study illuminates cell-mediated cytotoxicity as shared features across motoneuron diseases, suggesting broader implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Na Lu
- Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Phyllis Fung-Yi Cheung
- Spatiotemporal Tumor Heterogeneity, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Essen, A Partnership Between German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
- Bridge Institute of Experimental Tumor Therapy, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- Division of Solid Tumor Translational Oncology, DKTK, Partner Site Essen, A Partnership Between German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Michael Heming
- Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Christian Thomas
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Giovanni Giglio
- Spatiotemporal Tumor Heterogeneity, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Essen, A Partnership Between German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
- Bridge Institute of Experimental Tumor Therapy, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- Division of Solid Tumor Translational Oncology, DKTK, Partner Site Essen, A Partnership Between German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Markus Leo
- Department of Neurology and Center for Translational Neuro and Behavioral Science, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Merve Erdemir
- Department of Neurology and Center for Translational Neuro and Behavioral Science, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Timo Wirth
- Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Simone König
- Core Unit Proteomics, Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Christine A Dambietz
- Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Christina B Schroeter
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Christopher Nelke
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jens T Siveke
- Spatiotemporal Tumor Heterogeneity, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Essen, A Partnership Between German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
- Bridge Institute of Experimental Tumor Therapy, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- Division of Solid Tumor Translational Oncology, DKTK, Partner Site Essen, A Partnership Between German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Tobias Ruck
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Luisa Klotz
- Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Carmen Haider
- Division of Neuropathology and Neurochemistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Comprehensive Center for Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Romana Höftberger
- Division of Neuropathology and Neurochemistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Comprehensive Center for Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoph Kleinschnitz
- Department of Neurology and Center for Translational Neuro and Behavioral Science, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Heinz Wiendl
- Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Tim Hagenacker
- Department of Neurology and Center for Translational Neuro and Behavioral Science, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany.
| | - Gerd Meyer Zu Horste
- Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany.
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9
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Boskovic P, Gao W, Kipnis J. Will cellular immunotherapies end neurodegenerative diseases? Trends Immunol 2024; 45:329-337. [PMID: 38600001 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2024.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders present major challenges to global health, exacerbated by an aging population and the absence of therapies. Despite diverse pathological manifestations, they share a common hallmark, loosely termed 'neuroinflammation'. The prevailing dogma is that the immune system is an active contributor to neurodegeneration; however, recent evidence challenges this. By analogy with road construction, which causes temporary closures and disruptions, the immune system's actions in the central nervous system (CNS) might initially appear destructive, and might even cause harm, while aiming to combat neurodegeneration. We propose that the application of cellular immunotherapies to coordinate the immune response towards remodeling might pave the way for new modes of tackling the roadblocks of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavle Boskovic
- Brain Immunology and Glia (BIG) Center, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Pathology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO 63110, USA.
| | - Wenqing Gao
- Brain Immunology and Glia (BIG) Center, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Pathology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Jonathan Kipnis
- Brain Immunology and Glia (BIG) Center, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Pathology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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10
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Cerneckis J, Cai H, Shi Y. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs): molecular mechanisms of induction and applications. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:112. [PMID: 38670977 PMCID: PMC11053163 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01809-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology has transformed in vitro research and holds great promise to advance regenerative medicine. iPSCs have the capacity for an almost unlimited expansion, are amenable to genetic engineering, and can be differentiated into most somatic cell types. iPSCs have been widely applied to model human development and diseases, perform drug screening, and develop cell therapies. In this review, we outline key developments in the iPSC field and highlight the immense versatility of the iPSC technology for in vitro modeling and therapeutic applications. We begin by discussing the pivotal discoveries that revealed the potential of a somatic cell nucleus for reprogramming and led to successful generation of iPSCs. We consider the molecular mechanisms and dynamics of somatic cell reprogramming as well as the numerous methods available to induce pluripotency. Subsequently, we discuss various iPSC-based cellular models, from mono-cultures of a single cell type to complex three-dimensional organoids, and how these models can be applied to elucidate the mechanisms of human development and diseases. We use examples of neurological disorders, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and cancer to highlight the diversity of disease-specific phenotypes that can be modeled using iPSC-derived cells. We also consider how iPSC-derived cellular models can be used in high-throughput drug screening and drug toxicity studies. Finally, we discuss the process of developing autologous and allogeneic iPSC-based cell therapies and their potential to alleviate human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Cerneckis
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
- Irell & Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Hongxia Cai
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Yanhong Shi
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA.
- Irell & Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA.
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11
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Chi H, Pepper M, Thomas PG. Principles and therapeutic applications of adaptive immunity. Cell 2024; 187:2052-2078. [PMID: 38670065 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2024.03.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Adaptive immunity provides protection against infectious and malignant diseases. These effects are mediated by lymphocytes that sense and respond with targeted precision to perturbations induced by pathogens and tissue damage. Here, we review key principles underlying adaptive immunity orchestrated by distinct T cell and B cell populations and their extensions to disease therapies. We discuss the intracellular and intercellular processes shaping antigen specificity and recognition in immune activation and lymphocyte functions in mediating effector and memory responses. We also describe how lymphocytes balance protective immunity against autoimmunity and immunopathology, including during immune tolerance, response to chronic antigen stimulation, and adaptation to non-lymphoid tissues in coordinating tissue immunity and homeostasis. Finally, we discuss extracellular signals and cell-intrinsic programs underpinning adaptive immunity and conclude by summarizing key advances in vaccination and engineering adaptive immune responses for therapeutic interventions. A deeper understanding of these principles holds promise for uncovering new means to improve human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbo Chi
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA.
| | - Marion Pepper
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Paul G Thomas
- Department of Host-Microbe Interactions and Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA.
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12
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van Olst L, Kamermans A, Halters S, van der Pol SMA, Rodriguez E, Verberk IMW, Verberk SGS, Wessels DWR, Rodriguez-Mogeda C, Verhoeff J, Wouters D, Van den Bossche J, Garcia-Vallejo JJ, Lemstra AW, Witte ME, van der Flier WM, Teunissen CE, de Vries HE. Adaptive immune changes associate with clinical progression of Alzheimer's disease. Mol Neurodegener 2024; 19:38. [PMID: 38658964 PMCID: PMC11044380 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-024-00726-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most frequent cause of dementia. Recent evidence suggests the involvement of peripheral immune cells in the disease, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. METHODS We comprehensively mapped peripheral immune changes in AD patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or dementia compared to controls, using cytometry by time-of-flight (CyTOF). RESULTS We found an adaptive immune signature in AD, and specifically highlight the accumulation of PD1+ CD57+ CD8+ T effector memory cells re-expressing CD45RA in the MCI stage of AD. In addition, several innate and adaptive immune cell subsets correlated to cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers of AD neuropathology and measures for cognitive decline. Intriguingly, subsets of memory T and B cells were negatively associated with CSF biomarkers for tau pathology, neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation in AD patients. Lastly, we established the influence of the APOE ε4 allele on peripheral immunity. CONCLUSIONS Our findings illustrate significant peripheral immune alterations associated with both early and late clinical stages of AD, emphasizing the necessity for further investigation into how these changes influence underlying brain pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynn van Olst
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Neuroinfection & -Inflammation, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
- Present address: The Ken & Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Alwin Kamermans
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Neuroinfection & -Inflammation, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sem Halters
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Neuroinfection & -Inflammation, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Susanne M A van der Pol
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Neuroinfection & -Inflammation, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ernesto Rodriguez
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Cancer Immunology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Cancer Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Inge M W Verberk
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Neuroinfection & -Inflammation, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Neurochemistry Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sanne G S Verberk
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Atherosclerosis & Ischemic Syndromes, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Danielle W R Wessels
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Carla Rodriguez-Mogeda
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Neuroinfection & -Inflammation, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jan Verhoeff
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Cancer Immunology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Cancer Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Imaging and Biomarkers, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Dorine Wouters
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Atherosclerosis & Ischemic Syndromes, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jan Van den Bossche
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Atherosclerosis & Ischemic Syndromes, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Juan J Garcia-Vallejo
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Cancer Immunology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Cancer Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Imaging and Biomarkers, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Afina W Lemstra
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Neurology, Amsterdam UMC Location VUmc, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Maarten E Witte
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Neuroinfection & -Inflammation, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Inflammatory Diseases, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Wiesje M van der Flier
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Neurology, Amsterdam UMC Location VUmc, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology & Data Science, Amsterdam UMC Location VUmc, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Charlotte E Teunissen
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Neuroinfection & -Inflammation, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Neurochemistry Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Helga E de Vries
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Cancer Immunology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Microcirculation, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Neurovascular Disorders, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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13
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Yamada K, Iwatsubo T. Involvement of the glymphatic/meningeal lymphatic system in Alzheimer's disease: insights into proteostasis and future directions. Cell Mol Life Sci 2024; 81:192. [PMID: 38652179 PMCID: PMC11039514 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-024-05225-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is pathologically characterized by the abnormal accumulation of Aβ and tau proteins. There has long been a keen interest among researchers in understanding how Aβ and tau are ultimately cleared in the brain. The discovery of this glymphatic system introduced a novel perspective on protein clearance and it gained recognition as one of the major brain clearance pathways for clearing these pathogenic proteins in AD. This finding has sparked interest in exploring the potential contribution of the glymphatic/meningeal lymphatic system in AD. Furthermore, there is a growing emphasis and discussion regarding the possibility that activating the glymphatic/meningeal lymphatic system could serve as a novel therapeutic strategy against AD. OBJECTIVES Given this current research trend, the primary focus of this comprehensive review is to highlight the role of the glymphatic/meningeal lymphatic system in the pathogenesis of AD. The discussion will encompass future research directions and prospects for treatment in relation to the glymphatic/meningeal lymphatic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaoru Yamada
- Department of Neuropathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Takeshi Iwatsubo
- Department of Neuropathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan
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14
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Krix S, Wilczynski E, Falgàs N, Sánchez-Valle R, Yoles E, Nevo U, Baruch K, Fröhlich H. Towards early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease: advances in immune-related blood biomarkers and computational approaches. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1343900. [PMID: 38720902 PMCID: PMC11078023 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1343900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease has an increasing prevalence in the population world-wide, yet current diagnostic methods based on recommended biomarkers are only available in specialized clinics. Due to these circumstances, Alzheimer's disease is usually diagnosed late, which contrasts with the currently available treatment options that are only effective for patients at an early stage. Blood-based biomarkers could fill in the gap of easily accessible and low-cost methods for early diagnosis of the disease. In particular, immune-based blood-biomarkers might be a promising option, given the recently discovered cross-talk of immune cells of the central nervous system with those in the peripheral immune system. Here, we give a background on recent advances in research on brain-immune system cross-talk in Alzheimer's disease and review machine learning approaches, which can combine multiple biomarkers with further information (e.g. age, sex, APOE genotype) into predictive models supporting an earlier diagnosis. In addition, mechanistic modeling approaches, such as agent-based modeling open the possibility to model and analyze cell dynamics over time. This review aims to provide an overview of the current state of immune-system related blood-based biomarkers and their potential for the early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Krix
- Department of Bioinformatics, Fraunhofer Institute for Algorithms and Scientific Computing (SCAI), Sankt Augustin, Germany
- Bonn-Aachen International Center for Information Technology (b-it), University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Ella Wilczynski
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Iby and Aladar Fleischman Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Neus Falgàs
- Alzheimer’s Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Fundació de Recerca Clínic Barcelona-Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (FCRB-IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Raquel Sánchez-Valle
- Alzheimer’s Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Fundació de Recerca Clínic Barcelona-Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (FCRB-IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eti Yoles
- ImmunoBrain Checkpoint Ltd., Rechovot, Israel
| | - Uri Nevo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Iby and Aladar Fleischman Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Kuti Baruch
- ImmunoBrain Checkpoint Ltd., Rechovot, Israel
| | - Holger Fröhlich
- Department of Bioinformatics, Fraunhofer Institute for Algorithms and Scientific Computing (SCAI), Sankt Augustin, Germany
- Bonn-Aachen International Center for Information Technology (b-it), University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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15
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Wang Q, Xu J, Luo M, Jiang Y, Gu Y, Wang Q, He J, Sun Y, Lin Y, Feng L, Chen S, Hou T. Fasting mimicking diet extends lifespan and improves intestinal and cognitive health. Food Funct 2024; 15:4503-4514. [PMID: 38567489 DOI: 10.1039/d4fo00483c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Caloric restriction is an effective means of extending a healthy lifespan. Fasting mimicking diet (FMD) is a growing pattern of caloric restriction. We found that FMD significantly prolonged the lifespan of prematurely aging mice. In naturally aging mice, FMD improved cognitive and intestinal health. Through a series of behavioral experiments, we found that FMD relieved anxiety and enhanced cognition in aged mice. In the intestine, the FMD cycles enhanced the barrier function, reduced senescence markers, and maintained T cell naïve-memory balance in the lamina propria mucosa. To further explore the causes of immune alterations, we examined changes in the stool microbiota using 16S rRNA sequencing. We found that FMD remodeled gut bacterial composition and significantly expanded the abundance of Lactobacillus johnsonii. Our research revealed that FMD has in-depth investigative value as an anti-aging intervention for extending longevity and improving cognition, intestinal function, and gut microbiota composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyi Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, Zhejiang Province, China.
- Institute of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, Zhejiang Province, China
- Prevention and Treatment Research Center of Senescent Disease, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310058, China
| | - Jilei Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, Zhejiang Province, China.
- Institute of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, Zhejiang Province, China
- Prevention and Treatment Research Center of Senescent Disease, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310058, China
| | - Man Luo
- Prevention and Treatment Research Center of Senescent Disease, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310058, China
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yao Jiang
- Institute of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, Zhejiang Province, China
- Prevention and Treatment Research Center of Senescent Disease, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310058, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Affiliated Hospital of School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310058, China
| | - Yanrou Gu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Wenzhou No. 3 Clinical Institute Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou People's Hospital, Wenzhou, China
| | - Qiwen Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, Zhejiang Province, China.
- Institute of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, Zhejiang Province, China
- Prevention and Treatment Research Center of Senescent Disease, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310058, China
| | - Jiamin He
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, Zhejiang Province, China.
- Institute of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, Zhejiang Province, China
- Prevention and Treatment Research Center of Senescent Disease, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310058, China
| | - Yong Sun
- Institute of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, Zhejiang Province, China
- Prevention and Treatment Research Center of Senescent Disease, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310058, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Affiliated Hospital of School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310058, China
| | - Yifeng Lin
- Institute of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, Zhejiang Province, China
- Prevention and Treatment Research Center of Senescent Disease, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310058, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Affiliated Hospital of School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310058, China
| | - Lijun Feng
- Prevention and Treatment Research Center of Senescent Disease, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310058, China
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shujie Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, Zhejiang Province, China.
- Institute of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, Zhejiang Province, China
- Prevention and Treatment Research Center of Senescent Disease, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310058, China
| | - Tongyao Hou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, Zhejiang Province, China.
- Institute of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, Zhejiang Province, China
- Prevention and Treatment Research Center of Senescent Disease, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310058, China
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16
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Wang C, Acosta D, McNutt M, Bian J, Ma A, Fu H, Ma Q. A Single-cell and Spatial RNA-seq Database for Alzheimer's Disease (ssREAD). BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.09.08.556944. [PMID: 37745592 PMCID: PMC10515769 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.08.556944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's Disease (AD) pathology has been increasingly explored through single-cell and single-nucleus RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq & snRNA-seq) and spatial transcriptomics (ST). However, the surge in data demands a comprehensive, user-friendly repository. Addressing this, we introduce a single-cell and spatial RNA-seq database for Alzheimer's disease (ssREAD). It offers a broader spectrum of AD-related datasets, an optimized analytical pipeline, and improved usability. The database encompasses 1,053 samples (277 integrated datasets) from 67 AD-related scRNA-seq & snRNA-seq studies, totaling 7,332,202 cells. Additionally, it archives 381 ST datasets from 18 human and mouse brain studies. Each dataset is annotated with details such as species, gender, brain region, disease/control status, age, and AD Braak stages. ssREAD also provides an analysis suite for cell clustering, identification of differentially expressed and spatially variable genes, cell-type-specific marker genes and regulons, and spot deconvolution for integrative analysis. ssREAD is freely available at https://bmblx.bmi.osumc.edu/ssread/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cankun Wang
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, The Ohio State University, OH 43210, USA
| | - Diana Acosta
- Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, OH 43210, USA
| | - Megan McNutt
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, The Ohio State University, OH 43210, USA
| | - Jiang Bian
- Department of Health Outcomes & Biomedical Informatics, University of Florida, FL 32606, USA
| | - Anjun Ma
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, The Ohio State University, OH 43210, USA
| | - Hongjun Fu
- Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, OH 43210, USA
- Chronic Brain Injury Program, The Ohio State University, OH 43210, USA
| | - Qin Ma
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, The Ohio State University, OH 43210, USA
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17
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Guan Y, Cao M, Wu X, Yan J, Hao Y, Zhang C. CD28 null T cells in aging and diseases: From biology to assessment and intervention. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 131:111807. [PMID: 38471362 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.111807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
CD28null T cells, an atypical subset characterized by the loss of CD28 costimulatory molecule expression, exhibit functional variants and progressively expand with age. Moreover, T cells with these phenotypes are found in both typical and atypical humoral immune responses. Consequently, they accumulate during infectious diseases, autoimmune disorders, cardiovascular conditions, and neurodegenerative ailments. To provide an in-depth review of the current knowledge regarding CD28null T cells, we specifically focus on their phenotypic and functional characteristics as well as their physiological roles in aging and diseases. While uncertainties regarding the clinical utility remains, we will review the following two crucial research perspectives to explore clinical translational applications of the research on this specific T cell subset: 1) addressing the potential utility of CD28null T cells as immunological markers for prognosis and adverse outcomes in both aging and disease, and 2) speculating on the potential of targeting CD28null T cells as an interventional strategy for preventing or delaying immune aging processes and disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqi Guan
- Department of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Vascular Aging, Ministry of Education, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Ming Cao
- Department of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Vascular Aging, Ministry of Education, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Xiaofen Wu
- Department of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Vascular Aging, Ministry of Education, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Jinhua Yan
- Department of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Vascular Aging, Ministry of Education, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yi Hao
- Department of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Vascular Aging, Ministry of Education, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430030, China; Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
| | - Cuntai Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Vascular Aging, Ministry of Education, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430030, China.
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18
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Ramakrishnan A, Piehl N, Simonton B, Parikh M, Zhang Z, Teregulova V, van Olst L, Gate D. Epigenetic dysregulation in Alzheimer's disease peripheral immunity. Neuron 2024; 112:1235-1248.e5. [PMID: 38340719 PMCID: PMC11031321 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2024.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
The peripheral immune system in Alzheimer's disease (AD) has not been thoroughly studied with modern sequencing methods. To investigate epigenetic and transcriptional alterations to the AD peripheral immune system, we used single-cell sequencing strategies, including assay for transposase-accessible chromatin and RNA sequencing. We reveal a striking amount of open chromatin in peripheral immune cells in AD. In CD8 T cells, we uncover a cis-regulatory DNA element co-accessible with the CXC motif chemokine receptor 3 gene promoter. In monocytes, we identify a novel AD-specific RELA transcription factor binding site adjacent to an open chromatin region in the nuclear factor kappa B subunit 2 gene. We also demonstrate apolipoprotein E genotype-dependent epigenetic changes in monocytes. Surprisingly, we also identify differentially accessible chromatin regions in genes associated with sporadic AD risk. Our findings provide novel insights into the complex relationship between epigenetics and genetic risk factors in AD peripheral immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhirami Ramakrishnan
- The Ken & Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Natalie Piehl
- The Ken & Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Brooke Simonton
- The Ken & Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Milan Parikh
- The Ken & Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ziyang Zhang
- The Ken & Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Victoria Teregulova
- The Ken & Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Lynn van Olst
- The Ken & Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - David Gate
- The Ken & Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.
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19
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Katdare KA, Kjar A, O’Brown NM, Neal EH, Sorets AG, Shostak A, Romero-Fernandez W, Kwiatkowski AJ, Mlouk K, Kim H, Cowell RP, Schwensen KR, Horner KB, Wilson JT, Schrag MS, Megason SG, Lippmann ES. IQGAP2 regulates blood-brain barrier immune dynamics. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.02.07.527394. [PMID: 38645082 PMCID: PMC11030232 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.07.527394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Brain endothelial cells (BECs) play an important role in maintaining central nervous system (CNS) homeostasis through blood-brain barrier (BBB) functions. BECs express low baseline levels of adhesion receptors, which limits entry of leukocytes. However, the molecular mediators governing this phenotype remain mostly unclear. Here, we explored how infiltration of immune cells across the BBB is influenced by the scaffold protein IQ motif containing GTPase activating protein 2 (IQGAP2). In mice and zebrafish, we demonstrate that loss of Iqgap2 increases infiltration of peripheral leukocytes into the CNS under homeostatic and inflammatory conditions. Using single-cell RNA sequencing and immunohistology, we further show that BECs from mice lacking Iqgap2 exhibit a profound inflammatory signature, including extensive upregulation of adhesion receptors and antigen-processing machinery. Human tissue analyses also reveal that Alzheimer's disease is associated with reduced hippocampal IQGAP2. Overall, our results implicate IQGAP2 as an essential regulator of BBB immune privilege and immune cell entry into the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ketaki A. Katdare
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Andrew Kjar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | - Emma H. Neal
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Alexander G. Sorets
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Alena Shostak
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | | | - Kate Mlouk
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Hyosung Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Rebecca P. Cowell
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Katrina R. Schwensen
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Kensley B. Horner
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - John T. Wilson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Matthew S. Schrag
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Memory and Alzheimer’s Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Sean G. Megason
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ethan S. Lippmann
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Memory and Alzheimer’s Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
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20
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Kristensen NP, Dionisio E, Bentzen AK, Tamhane T, Kemming JS, Nos G, Voss LF, Hansen UK, Lauer GM, Hadrup SR. Simultaneous analysis of pMHC binding and reactivity unveils virus-specific CD8 T cell immunity to a concise epitope set. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadm8951. [PMID: 38608022 PMCID: PMC11014448 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adm8951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
CD8 T cells provide immunity to virus infection through recognition of epitopes presented by peptide major histocompatibility complexes (pMHCs). To establish a concise panel of widely recognized T cell epitopes from common viruses, we combined analysis of TCR down-regulation upon stimulation with epitope-specific enumeration based on barcode-labeled pMHC multimers. We assess CD8 T cell binding and reactivity for 929 previously reported epitopes in the context of 1 of 25 HLA alleles representing 29 viruses. The prevalence and magnitude of CD8 T cell responses were evaluated in 48 donors and reported along with 137 frequently recognized virus epitopes, many of which were underrepresented in the public domain. Eighty-four percent of epitope-specific CD8 T cell populations demonstrated reactivity to peptide stimulation, which was associated with effector and long-term memory phenotypes. Conversely, nonreactive T cell populations were associated primarily with naive phenotypes. Our analysis provides a reference map of epitopes for characterizing CD8 T cell responses toward common human virus infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaj Pagh Kristensen
- Section for Experimental and Translational Immunology, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Edoardo Dionisio
- Section for Experimental and Translational Immunology, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Amalie Kai Bentzen
- Section for Experimental and Translational Immunology, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Tripti Tamhane
- Section for Experimental and Translational Immunology, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Janine Sophie Kemming
- Section for Experimental and Translational Immunology, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Grigorii Nos
- Section for Experimental and Translational Immunology, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Lasse Frank Voss
- Section for Experimental and Translational Immunology, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Ulla Kring Hansen
- Section for Experimental and Translational Immunology, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Georg Michael Lauer
- Liver Center and Gastrointestinal Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Sine Reker Hadrup
- Section for Experimental and Translational Immunology, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
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21
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Niso-Santano M, Fuentes JM, Galluzzi L. Immunological aspects of central neurodegeneration. Cell Discov 2024; 10:41. [PMID: 38594240 PMCID: PMC11004155 DOI: 10.1038/s41421-024-00666-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
The etiology of various neurodegenerative disorders that mainly affect the central nervous system including (but not limited to) Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and Huntington's disease has classically been attributed to neuronal defects that culminate with the loss of specific neuronal populations. However, accumulating evidence suggests that numerous immune effector cells and the products thereof (including cytokines and other soluble mediators) have a major impact on the pathogenesis and/or severity of these and other neurodegenerative syndromes. These observations not only add to our understanding of neurodegenerative conditions but also imply that (at least in some cases) therapeutic strategies targeting immune cells or their products may mediate clinically relevant neuroprotective effects. Here, we critically discuss immunological mechanisms of central neurodegeneration and propose potential strategies to correct neurodegeneration-associated immunological dysfunction with therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mireia Niso-Santano
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Genética, Facultad de Enfermería y Terapia Ocupacional, Universidad de Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas-Instituto de Salud Carlos III (CIBER-CIBERNED-ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.
- Instituto Universitario de Investigación Biosanitaria de Extremadura (INUBE), Cáceres, Spain.
| | - José M Fuentes
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Genética, Facultad de Enfermería y Terapia Ocupacional, Universidad de Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas-Instituto de Salud Carlos III (CIBER-CIBERNED-ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Investigación Biosanitaria de Extremadura (INUBE), Cáceres, Spain
| | - Lorenzo Galluzzi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
- Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
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22
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Yang B, Hu S, Jiang Y, Xu L, Shu S, Zhang H. Advancements in Single-Cell RNA Sequencing Research for Neurological Diseases. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-04126-3. [PMID: 38564138 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04126-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Neurological diseases are a major cause of the global burden of disease. Although the mechanisms of the occurrence and development of neurological diseases are not fully clear, most of them are associated with cells mediating neuroinflammation. Yet medications and other therapeutic options to improve treatment are still very limited. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), as a delightfully potent breakthrough technology, not only identifies various cell types and response states but also uncovers cell-specific gene expression changes, gene regulatory networks, intercellular communication, and cellular movement trajectories, among others, in different cell types. In this review, we describe the technology of scRNA-seq in detail and discuss and summarize the application of scRNA-seq in exploring neurological diseases, elaborating the corresponding specific mechanisms of the diseases as well as providing a reliable basis for new therapeutic approaches. Finally, we affirm that scRNA-seq promotes the development of the neuroscience field and enables us to have a deeper cellular understanding of neurological diseases in the future, which provides strong support for the treatment of neurological diseases and the improvement of patients' prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingjie Yang
- Department of Neurology, The Fourth Clinical School of Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shuqi Hu
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Westlake University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yiru Jiang
- Department of Neurology, The Fourth Clinical School of Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lei Xu
- Department of Neurology, Zhejiang Rongjun Hospital, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Song Shu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Westlake University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Fourth Clinical School of Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Westlake University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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23
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Toral-Rios D, Long JM, Ulrich JD, Yu J, Strickland MR, Han X, Holtzman DM, Cashikar AG, Paul SM. Cholesterol 25-hydroxylase mediates neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration in a mouse model of tauopathy. J Exp Med 2024; 221:e20232000. [PMID: 38442267 PMCID: PMC10908359 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20232000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles, in addition to neuroinflammation and changes in brain lipid metabolism. 25-Hydroxycholesterol (25-HC), a known modulator of both inflammation and lipid metabolism, is produced by cholesterol 25-hydroxylase encoded by Ch25h expressed as a "disease-associated microglia" signature gene. However, whether Ch25h influences tau-mediated neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration is unknown. Here, we show that in the absence of Ch25h and the resultant reduction in 25-HC, there is strikingly reduced age-dependent neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation in the hippocampus and entorhinal/piriform cortex of PS19 mice, which express the P301S mutant human tau transgene. Transcriptomic analyses of bulk hippocampal tissue and single nuclei revealed that Ch25h deficiency in PS19 mice strongly suppressed proinflammatory signaling in microglia. Our results suggest a key role for Ch25h/25-HC in potentiating proinflammatory signaling to promote tau-mediated neurodegeneration. Ch25h may represent a novel therapeutic target for primary tauopathies, AD, and other neuroinflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danira Toral-Rios
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Justin M. Long
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
- Knight Alzheimer Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jason D. Ulrich
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jinsheng Yu
- Department of Genetics, Genome Technology Access Center at the McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Michael R. Strickland
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Xianlin Han
- Department of Medicine, Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - David M. Holtzman
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
- Knight Alzheimer Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Anil G. Cashikar
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
- Taylor Family Institute for Innovative Psychiatric Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Steven M. Paul
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
- Taylor Family Institute for Innovative Psychiatric Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
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24
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Kallal N, Hugues S, Garnier L. Regulation of autoimmune-mediated neuroinflammation by endothelial cells. Eur J Immunol 2024; 54:e2350482. [PMID: 38335316 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202350482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
The CNS has traditionally been considered an immune-privileged organ, but recent studies have identified a plethora of immune cells in the choroid plexus, meninges, perivascular spaces, and cribriform plate. Although those immune cells are crucial for the maintenance of CNS homeostasis and for neural protection against infections, they can lead to neuroinflammation in some circumstances. The blood and the lymphatic vasculatures exhibit distinct structural and molecular features depending on their location in the CNS, greatly influencing the compartmentalization and the nature of CNS immune responses. In this review, we discuss how endothelial cells regulate the migration and the functions of T cells in the CNS both at steady-state and in murine models of neuroinflammation, with a special focus on the anatomical, cellular, and molecular mechanisms implicated in EAE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil Kallal
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Geneva Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Stephanie Hugues
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Geneva Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Laure Garnier
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Geneva Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland
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25
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Zeng J, Liao Z, Yang H, Wang Q, Wu Z, Hua F, Zhou Z. T cell infiltration mediates neurodegeneration and cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Dis 2024; 193:106461. [PMID: 38437992 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2024.106461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a prevalent neurodegenerative disorder with pathological features of β-amyloid (Aβ) and hyperphosphorylated tau protein accumulation in the brain, often accompanied by cognitive decline. So far, our understanding of the extent and role of adaptive immune responses in AD has been quite limited. T cells, as essential members of the adaptive immune system, exhibit quantitative and functional abnormalities in the brains of AD patients. Dysfunction of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) in AD is considered one of the factors leading to T cell infiltration. Moreover, the degree of neuronal loss in AD is correlated with the quantity of T cells. We first describe the differentiation and subset functions of peripheral T cells in AD patients and provide an overview of the key findings related to BBB dysfunction and how T cells infiltrate the brain parenchyma through the BBB. Furthermore, we emphasize the risk factors associated with AD, including Aβ, Tau protein, microglial cells, apolipoprotein E (ApoE), and neuroinflammation. We discuss their regulation of T cell activation and proliferation, as well as the connection between T cells, neurodegeneration, and cognitive decline. Understanding the innate immune response is crucial for providing comprehensive personalized therapeutic strategies for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjian Zeng
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 330006 Nanchang, Jiangxi, China; Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Jiangxi Province, 1# Minde Road, 330006 Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Zhiqiang Liao
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 330006 Nanchang, Jiangxi, China; Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Jiangxi Province, 1# Minde Road, 330006 Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Hanqin Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 330006 Nanchang, Jiangxi, China; Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Jiangxi Province, 1# Minde Road, 330006 Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Qiong Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 330006 Nanchang, Jiangxi, China; Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Jiangxi Province, 1# Minde Road, 330006 Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Zhiyong Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 330006 Nanchang, Jiangxi, China; Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Jiangxi Province, 1# Minde Road, 330006 Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Fuzhou Hua
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 330006 Nanchang, Jiangxi, China; Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Jiangxi Province, 1# Minde Road, 330006 Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, China.
| | - Zhidong Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 330006 Nanchang, Jiangxi, China; Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Jiangxi Province, 1# Minde Road, 330006 Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, China.
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26
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Shen J, Bian N, Zhao L, Wei J. The role of T-lymphocytes in central nervous system diseases. Brain Res Bull 2024; 209:110904. [PMID: 38387531 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2024.110904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
The central nervous system (CNS) has been considered an immunologically privileged site. In the past few decades, research on inflammation in CNS diseases has mostly focused on microglia, innate immune cells that respond rapidly to injury and infection to maintain CNS homeostasis. Discoveries of lymphatic vessels within the dura mater and peripheral immune cells in the meningeal layer indicate that the peripheral immune system can monitor and intervene in the CNS. This review summarizes recent advances in the involvement of T lymphocytes in multiple CNS diseases, including brain injury, neurodegenerative diseases, and psychiatric disorders. It emphasizes that a deep understanding of the pathogenesis of CNS diseases requires intimate knowledge of T lymphocytes. Aiming to promote a better understanding of the relationship between the immune system and CNS and facilitate the development of therapeutic strategies targeting T lymphocytes in neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianing Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Ning Bian
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Lu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China.
| | - Jingkuan Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China.
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27
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Dressman D, Tasaki S, Yu L, Schneider J, Bennett DA, Elyaman W, Vardarajan B. Polygenic risk associated with Alzheimer's disease and other traits influences genes involved in T cell signaling and activation. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1337831. [PMID: 38590520 PMCID: PMC10999606 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1337831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction T cells, known for their ability to respond to an enormous variety of pathogens and other insults, are increasingly recognized as important mediators of pathology in neurodegeneration and other diseases. T cell gene expression phenotypes can be regulated by disease-associated genetic variants. Many complex diseases are better represented by polygenic risk than by individual variants. Methods We first compute a polygenic risk score (PRS) for Alzheimer's disease (AD) using genomic sequencing data from a cohort of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients and age-matched controls, and validate the AD PRS against clinical metrics in our cohort. We then calculate the PRS for several autoimmune disease, neurological disorder, and immune function traits, and correlate these PRSs with T cell gene expression data from our cohort. We compare PRS-associated genes across traits and four T cell subtypes. Results Several genes and biological pathways associated with the PRS for these traits relate to key T cell functions. The PRS-associated gene signature generally correlates positively for traits within a particular category (autoimmune disease, neurological disease, immune function) with the exception of stroke. The trait-associated gene expression signature for autoimmune disease traits was polarized towards CD4+ T cell subtypes. Discussion Our findings show that polygenic risk for complex disease and immune function traits can have varying effects on T cell gene expression trends. Several PRS-associated genes are potential candidates for therapeutic modulation in T cells, and could be tested in in vitro applications using cells from patients bearing high or low polygenic risk for AD or other conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dallin Dressman
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
- The Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Shinya Tasaki
- Rush University Medical Center, Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Chicago, IL, United States
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Lei Yu
- Rush University Medical Center, Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Chicago, IL, United States
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Julie Schneider
- Rush University Medical Center, Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Chicago, IL, United States
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
- Department of Pathology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - David A. Bennett
- Rush University Medical Center, Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Chicago, IL, United States
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Wassim Elyaman
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
- The Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Badri Vardarajan
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
- The Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
- College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, The New York Presbyterian Hospital, The Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, New York, NY, United States
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Kodali MC, Antone J, Alsop E, Jayakumar R, Parikh K, Chiot A, Sanchez-Molina P, Ajami B, Arnold SE, Jensen K, Das S, Weinberg MS. Cryopreservation of cerebrospinal fluid cells preserves the transcriptional landscape for single-cell analysis. J Neuroinflammation 2024; 21:71. [PMID: 38521932 PMCID: PMC10960996 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-024-03047-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) matrix biomarkers have become increasingly valuable surrogate markers of neuropsychiatric diseases in research and clinical practice. In contrast, CSF cells have been rarely investigated due to their relative scarcity and fragility, and lack of common collection and cryopreservation protocols, with limited exceptions for neurooncology and primary immune-based diseases like multiple sclerosis. the advent of a microfluidics-based multi-omics approach to studying individual cells has allowed for the study of cellular phenotyping, intracellular dynamics, and intercellular relationships that provide multidimensionality unable to be obtained through acellular fluid-phase analyses. challenges to cell-based research include site-to-site differences in handling, storage, and thawing methods, which can lead to inaccuracy and inter-assay variability. In the present study, we performed single-cell RNA sequencing (10x Genomics) on fresh or previously cryopreserved human CSF samples from three alternative cryopreservation methods: Fetal Bovine Serum with Dimethyl sulfoxide (FBS/DMSO), FBS/DMSO after a DNase step (a step often included in epigenetic studies), and cryopreservation using commercially available Recovery© media. In comparing relative differences between fresh and cryopreserved samples, we found little effect of the cryopreservation method on being able to resolve donor-linked cell type proportions, markers of cellular stress, and overall gene expression at the single-cell level, whereas donor-specific differences were readily discernable. We further demonstrate the compatibility of fresh and cryopreserved CSF immune cell sequencing using biologically relevant sexually dimorphic gene expression differences by donor. Our findings support the utility and interchangeability of FBS/DMSO and Recovery cryopreservation with fresh sample analysis, providing a methodological grounding that will enable researchers to further expand our understanding of the CSF immune cell contributions to neurological and psychiatric disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahesh Chandra Kodali
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Jerry Antone
- Neurogenomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Eric Alsop
- Neurogenomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | | | - Khushi Parikh
- Neurogenomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Aude Chiot
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Department of Behavioral and Systems Neuroscience, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Paula Sanchez-Molina
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Department of Behavioral and Systems Neuroscience, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Bahareh Ajami
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Department of Behavioral and Systems Neuroscience, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Steven E Arnold
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kendall Jensen
- Neurogenomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Sudeshna Das
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marc S Weinberg
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
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29
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Jacobs T, Jacobson SR, Fortea J, Berger JS, Vedvyas A, Marsh K, He T, Gutierrez-Jimenez E, Fillmore NR, Bubu OM, Gonzalez M, Figueredo L, Gaggi NL, Plaska CR, Pomara N, Blessing E, Betensky R, Rusinek H, Zetterberg H, Blennow K, Glodzik L, Wisniewski TM, Leon MJ, Osorio RS, Ramos-Cejudo J. The neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio associates with markers of Alzheimer's disease pathology in cognitively unimpaired elderly people. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-4076789. [PMID: 38559231 PMCID: PMC10980096 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4076789/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Background An elevated neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in blood has been associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, an elevated NLR has also been implicated in many other conditions that are risk factors for AD, prompting investigation into whether the NLR is directly linked with AD pathology or a result of underlying comorbidities. Herein, we explored the relationship between the NLR and AD biomarkers in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of cognitively unimpaired (CU) subjects. Adjusting for sociodemographics, APOE4, and common comorbidities, we investigated these associations in two cohorts: the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) and the M.J. de Leon CSF repository at NYU. Specifically, we examined associations between the NLR and cross-sectional measures of amyloid-β42 (Aβ42), total tau (t-tau), and phosphorylated tau181 (p-tau), as well as the trajectories of these CSF measures obtained longitudinally. Results A total of 111 ADNI and 190 NYU participants classified as CU with available NLR, CSF, and covariate data were included. Compared to NYU, ADNI participants were older (73.79 vs. 61.53, p < 0.001), had a higher proportion of males (49.5% vs. 36.8%, p = 0.042), higher BMIs (27.94 vs. 25.79, p < 0.001), higher prevalence of hypertensive history (47.7% vs. 16.3%, p < 0.001), and a greater percentage of Aβ-positivity (34.2% vs. 20.0%, p = 0.009). In the ADNI cohort, we found cross-sectional associations between the NLR and CSF Aβ42 (β=-12.193, p = 0.021), but not t-tau or p-tau. In the NYU cohort, we found cross-sectional associations between the NLR and CSF t-tau (β = 26.812, p = 0.019) and p-tau (β = 3.441, p = 0.015), but not Aβ42. In the NYU cohort alone, subjects classified as Aβ+ (n = 38) displayed a stronger association between the NLR and t-tau (β = 100.476, p = 0.037) compared to Aβ- subjects or the non-stratified cohort. In both cohorts, the same associations observed in the cross-sectional analyses were observed after incorporating longitudinal CSF data. Conclusions We report associations between the NLR and Aβ42 in the older ADNI cohort, and between the NLR and t-tau and p-tau181 in the younger NYU cohort. Associations persisted after adjusting for comorbidities, suggesting a direct link between the NLR and AD. However, changes in associations between the NLR and specific AD biomarkers may occur as part of immunosenescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tovia Jacobs
- New York University (NYU) Grossman School of Medicine
| | | | - Juan Fortea
- Hospital de la Santa Creu y Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona
| | | | - Alok Vedvyas
- New York University (NYU) Grossman School of Medicine
| | - Karyn Marsh
- New York University (NYU) Grossman School of Medicine
| | - Tianshe He
- New York University (NYU) Grossman School of Medicine
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Naomi L Gaggi
- New York University (NYU) Grossman School of Medicine
| | | | - Nunzio Pomara
- New York University (NYU) Grossman School of Medicine
| | | | | | - Henry Rusinek
- New York University (NYU) Grossman School of Medicine
| | | | | | | | | | - Mony J Leon
- New York University (NYU) Grossman School of Medicine
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Pang L, Xiang F, Yang H, Shen X, Fang M, Li R, Long Y, Li J, Yu Y, Pang B. Single-cell integrative analysis reveals consensus cancer cell states and clinical relevance in breast cancer. Sci Data 2024; 11:289. [PMID: 38472225 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-024-03127-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
High heterogeneity and complex interactions of malignant cells in breast cancer has been recognized as a driver of cancer progression and therapeutic failure. However, complete understanding of common cancer cell states and their underlying driver factors remain scarce and challenging. Here, we revealed seven consensus cancer cell states recurring cross patients by integrative analysis of single-cell RNA sequencing data of breast cancer. The distinct biological functions, the subtype-specific distribution, the potential cells of origin and the interrelation of consensus cancer cell states were systematically elucidated and validated in multiple independent datasets. We further uncovered the internal regulons and external cell components in tumor microenvironments, which contribute to the consensus cancer cell states. Using the state-specific signature, we also inferred the abundance of cells with each consensus cancer cell state by deconvolution of large breast cancer RNA-seq cohorts, revealing the association of immune-related state with better survival. Our study provides new insights for the cancer cell state composition and potential therapeutic strategies of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Pang
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China.
| | - Fengyu Xiang
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Huan Yang
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Xinyue Shen
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Ming Fang
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Ran Li
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Yongjin Long
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Jiali Li
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Yonghuan Yu
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Bo Pang
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China.
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31
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Wang J, Zhu Q, Shen Y, Liang J, Wang Y, Huang Y, Tong G, Wang X, Zhang N, Yu K, Li Y, Zhao Y. CD8 + T cell infiltration and proliferation in the brainstem during experimental cerebral malaria. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14431. [PMID: 37697956 PMCID: PMC10916431 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cerebral malaria (CM) is a lethal neuroinflammatory disease caused by Plasmodium infection. Immune cells and brain parenchyma cells contribute to the pathogenesis of CM. However, a systematic examination of the changes that occur in the brain parenchyma region during CM at the single-cell resolution is still poorly studied. AIMS To explore cell composition and CD8+ T cell infiltration, single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) was performed on the brainstems of healthy and experimental cerebral malaria (ECM) mice. Then CD8+ T cell infiltration was confirmed by flow cytometry and immunofluorescence assays. Subsequently, the characteristics of the brain-infiltrated CD8+ T cells were analyzed. Finally, the interactions between parenchyma cells and brain-infiltrated CD8+ T cells were studied with an astrocytes-CD8+ T cell cocultured model. RESULTS The brainstem is the most severely damaged site during ECM. ScRNA-seq revealed a large number of CD8+ T cells infiltrating into the brainstem in ECM mice. Brain-infiltrated CD8+ T cells were highly activated according to scRNA-seq, immunofluorescence, and flow cytometry assays. Further analysis found a subset of ki-67+ CD8+ T cells that have a higher transcriptional level of genes related to T cell function, activation, and proliferation, suggesting that they were exposed to specific antigens presented by brain parenchyma cells. Brain-infiltrated CD8+ T cells were the only prominent source of IFN-γ in this single-cell analysis. Astrocytes, which have a high interferon response, act as cross-presenting cells to recruit and re-activate brain-infiltrated CD8+ T cells. We also found that brain-infiltrated CD8+ T cells were highly expressed immune checkpoint molecule PD-1, while parenchyma cells showed up-regulation of PD-L1 after infection. CONCLUSIONS These findings reveal a novel interaction between brain-infiltrated CD8+ T cells and parenchyma cells in the ECM brainstem, suggesting that the PD-1/PD-L1 signal pathway is a promising adjunctive therapeutic strategy for ECM targeting over-activated CD8+ T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wang
- Department of Medical Microbiology and ParasitologyFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Qinghao Zhu
- Department of Medical Microbiology and ParasitologyFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Yan Shen
- Department of Medical Microbiology and ParasitologyFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Jiao Liang
- Department of Medical Microbiology and ParasitologyFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Medical Microbiology and ParasitologyFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Yuxiao Huang
- Department of Medical Microbiology and ParasitologyFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Guodong Tong
- Department of Medical Microbiology and ParasitologyFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
- College of Life SciencesNorthwest UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Xu Wang
- School of Basic Medical SciencesFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Ningning Zhang
- School of Basic Medical SciencesFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Kangjie Yu
- Department of PathologyAir Force Hospital of Eastern TheaterNanjingChina
| | - Yinghui Li
- Department of Medical Microbiology and ParasitologyFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Ya Zhao
- Department of Medical Microbiology and ParasitologyFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
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32
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Yadav B, Kaur S, Yadav A, Verma H, Kar S, Sahu BK, Pati KR, Sarkar B, Dhiman M, Mantha AK. Implications of organophosphate pesticides on brain cells and their contribution toward progression of Alzheimer's disease. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2024; 38:e23660. [PMID: 38356323 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
The most widespread neurodegenerative disorder, Alzheimer's disease (AD) is marked by severe behavioral abnormalities, cognitive and functional impairments. It is inextricably linked with the deposition of amyloid β (Aβ) plaques and tau protein in the brain. Loss of white matter, neurons, synapses, and reactive microgliosis are also frequently observed in patients of AD. Although the causative mechanisms behind the neuropathological alterations in AD are not fully understood, they are likely influenced by hereditary and environmental factors. The etiology and pathogenesis of AD are significantly influenced by the cells of the central nervous system, namely, glial cells and neurons, which are directly engaged in the transmission of electrical signals and the processing of information. Emerging evidence suggests that exposure to organophosphate pesticides (OPPs) can trigger inflammatory responses in glial cells, leading to various cascades of events that contribute to neuroinflammation, neuronal damage, and ultimately, AD pathogenesis. Furthermore, there are striking similarities between the biomarkers associated with AD and OPPs, including neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, dysregulation of microRNA, and accumulation of toxic protein aggregates, such as amyloid β. These shared markers suggest a potential mechanistic link between OPP exposure and AD pathology. In this review, we attempt to address the role of OPPs on altered cell physiology of the brain cells leading to neuroinflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and oxidative stress linked with AD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharti Yadav
- Department of Zoology, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Sharanjot Kaur
- Department of Microbiology, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Anuradha Yadav
- Department of Zoology, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Harkomal Verma
- Department of Zoology, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Swastitapa Kar
- Department of Zoology, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Binit Kumar Sahu
- Department of Zoology, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Kumari Riya Pati
- Department of Zoology, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Bibekanada Sarkar
- Department of Zoology, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Monisha Dhiman
- Department of Microbiology, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Anil Kumar Mantha
- Department of Zoology, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
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Kwok AJ, Lu J, Huang J, Ip BY, Mok VCT, Lai HM, Ko H. High-resolution omics of vascular ageing and inflammatory pathways in neurodegeneration. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2024; 155:30-49. [PMID: 37380595 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2023.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
High-resolution omics, particularly single-cell and spatial transcriptomic profiling, are rapidly enhancing our comprehension of the normal molecular diversity of gliovascular cells, as well as their age-related changes that contribute to neurodegeneration. With more omic profiling studies being conducted, it is becoming increasingly essential to synthesise valuable information from the rapidly accumulating findings. In this review, we present an overview of the molecular features of neurovascular and glial cells that have been recently discovered through omic profiling, with a focus on those that have potentially significant functional implications and/or show cross-species differences between human and mouse, and that are linked to vascular deficits and inflammatory pathways in ageing and neurodegenerative disorders. Additionally, we highlight the translational applications of omic profiling, and discuss omic-based strategies to accelerate biomarker discovery and facilitate disease course-modifying therapeutics development for neurodegenerative conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Kwok
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Margaret K. L. Cheung Research Centre for Management of Parkinsonism, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Lau Tat-chuen Research Centre of Brain Degenerative Diseases in Chinese, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Gerald Choa Neuroscience Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Jianning Lu
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Gerald Choa Neuroscience Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Junzhe Huang
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Margaret K. L. Cheung Research Centre for Management of Parkinsonism, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Lau Tat-chuen Research Centre of Brain Degenerative Diseases in Chinese, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Gerald Choa Neuroscience Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Bonaventure Y Ip
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Margaret K. L. Cheung Research Centre for Management of Parkinsonism, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Lau Tat-chuen Research Centre of Brain Degenerative Diseases in Chinese, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Gerald Choa Neuroscience Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Vincent C T Mok
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Margaret K. L. Cheung Research Centre for Management of Parkinsonism, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Lau Tat-chuen Research Centre of Brain Degenerative Diseases in Chinese, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Gerald Choa Neuroscience Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Hei Ming Lai
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Margaret K. L. Cheung Research Centre for Management of Parkinsonism, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Gerald Choa Neuroscience Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Ho Ko
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Margaret K. L. Cheung Research Centre for Management of Parkinsonism, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Lau Tat-chuen Research Centre of Brain Degenerative Diseases in Chinese, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Gerald Choa Neuroscience Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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Van Hoecke L, Castelein J, Xie J, Van Acker L, Van Imschoot G, Van Wonterghem E, Vlaeminck I, Verhaege D, Claeys W, Wierda K, Callaerts-Vegh Z, Vandenbroucke RE. An immunological puzzle: The adaptive immune system fuels Alzheimer's disease pathology. Brain Behav Immun 2024; 117:122-134. [PMID: 38142916 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2023.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a devastating neurodegenerative disorder characterized by a concerning rise in prevalence. It is projected that the number of affected individuals will reach a staggering 150 million by 2050. While recent advancements in monoclonal antibodies targeting Aβ have shown some clinical effects, there is an urgent need for improved therapies to effectively address the impeding surge of AD patients worldwide. To achieve this, a deeper understanding of the intricate mechanisms underlying the disease is crucial. In recent years, mounting evidence has underscored the vital role of the innate immune system in AD pathology. However, limited findings persist regarding the involvement of the adaptive immune system. Here, we report on the impact of the adaptive immune system on various aspects of AD by using AppNL-G-F mice crossed into a Rag2-/- background lacking mature adaptive immune cells. In addition, to simulate the continuous exposure to various challenges such as infections that is commonly observed in humans, the innate immune system was activated through the repetitive induction of peripheral inflammation. We observed a remarkably improved performance on complex cognitive tasks when a mature adaptive immune system is absent. Notably, this observation is pathologically associated with lower Aβ plaque accumulation, reduced glial activation, and better-preserved neuronal networks in the mice lacking a mature adaptive immune system. Collectively, these findings highlight the detrimental role of the adaptive immune system in AD and underscore the need for effective strategies to modulate it for therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lien Van Hoecke
- VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jonas Castelein
- VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Junhua Xie
- VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lore Van Acker
- VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Griet Van Imschoot
- VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Elien Van Wonterghem
- VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ine Vlaeminck
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain & Disease Research, VIB, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Daan Verhaege
- VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Wouter Claeys
- VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Keimpe Wierda
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain & Disease Research, VIB, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Roosmarijn E Vandenbroucke
- VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
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35
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Whitson HE, Banks WA, Diaz MM, Frost B, Kellis M, Lathe R, Schmader KE, Spudich SS, Tanzi R, Garden G. New approaches for understanding the potential role of microbes in Alzheimer's disease. Brain Behav Immun Health 2024; 36:100743. [PMID: 38435720 PMCID: PMC10906156 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2024.100743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) involves a complex pathological process that evolves over years, and its etiology is understood as a classic example of gene-environment interaction. The notion that exposure to microbial organisms may play some role in AD pathology has been proposed and debated for decades. New evidence from model organisms and -omic studies, as well as epidemiological data from the recent COVID-19 pandemic and widespread use of vaccines, offers new insights into the "germ hypothesis" of AD. To review new evidence and identify key research questions, the Duke/University of North Carolina (Duke/UNC) Alzheimer's Disease Research Center hosted a virtual symposium and workshop: "New Approaches for Understanding the Potential Role of Microbes in Alzheimer's disease." Discussion centered around the antimicrobial protection hypothesis of amyloid accumulation, and other mechanisms by which microbes could influence AD pathology including immune cell activation, changes in blood-brain barrier, or direct neurotoxicity. This summary of proceedings reviews the content presented in the symposium and provides a summary of major topics and key questions discussed in the workshop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather E. Whitson
- Duke Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development, Duke University School of Medicine, Busse Bldg Rm 3502, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
- Durham VA Medical Center, Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, 508 Fulton Street, Durham, NC, 27705, USA
| | - William A. Banks
- Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, 1660 S Columbian Way, Seattle, WA, 98108, USA
| | - Monica M. Diaz
- Department of Neurology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 170 Manning Dr, CB 7025, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Bess Frost
- Barshop Institute for Longevity & Aging Studies, 4939 Charles Katz Rm 1041, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Manolis Kellis
- Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 32 Vassar St., Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Richard Lathe
- Division of Infection Medicine, University of Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh BioQuarter, Little France, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Kenneth E. Schmader
- Duke Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development, Duke University School of Medicine, Busse Bldg Rm 3502, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
- Durham VA Medical Center, Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, 508 Fulton Street, Durham, NC, 27705, USA
| | - Serena S. Spudich
- Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 George Street, Room 8300, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Rudolph Tanzi
- Genetics and Aging Research Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, 114 16th Street, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Gwenn Garden
- University of North Carolina - Dept of Neurology, 170 Manning Drive, Campus Box 7025, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7025, USA
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Reyes-Reyes EM, Brown J, Trial MD, Chinnasamy D, Wiegand JP, Bradford D, Brinton RD, Rodgers KE. Vivaria housing conditions expose sex differences in brain oxidation, microglial activation, and immune system states in aged hAPOE4 mice. Exp Brain Res 2024; 242:543-557. [PMID: 38206365 PMCID: PMC10894770 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-023-06763-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Apolipoprotein E ε4 allele (APOE4) is the predominant genetic risk factor for late-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD). APOE4 mouse models have provided advances in the understanding of disease pathogenesis, but unaccounted variables like rodent housing status may hinder translational outcomes. Non-sterile aspects like food and bedding can be major sources of changes in rodent microflora. Alterations in intestinal microbial ecology can cause mucosal barrier impairment and increase pro-inflammatory signals. The present study examined the role of sterile and non-sterile food and housing on redox indicators and the immune status of humanized-APOE4 knock-in mice (hAPOe4). hAPOE4 mice were housed under sterile conditions until 22 months of age, followed by the transfer of a cohort of mice to non-sterile housing for 2 months. At 24 months of age, the redox/immunologic status was evaluated by flow cytometry/ELISA. hAPOE4 females housed under non-sterile conditions exhibited: (1) higher neuronal and microglial oxygen radical production and (2) lower CD68+ microglia (brain) and CD8+ T cells (periphery) compared to sterile-housed mice. In contrast, hAPOE4 males in non-sterile housing exhibited: (1) higher MHCII+ microglia and CD11b+CD4+ T cells (brain) and (2) higher CD11b+CD4+ T cells and levels of lipopolysaccharide-binding protein and inflammatory cytokines in the periphery relative to sterile-housed mice. This study demonstrated that sterile vs. non-sterile housing conditions are associated with the activation of redox and immune responses in the brain and periphery in a sex-dependent manner. Therefore, housing status may contribute to variable outcomes in both the brain and periphery.
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Affiliation(s)
- E M Reyes-Reyes
- Center for Innovation in Brain Science, University of Arizona, 1230 N. Cherry Ave, PO Box 210242, Tucson, AZ, 85721-0242, USA
| | - J Brown
- Center for Innovation in Brain Science, University of Arizona, 1230 N. Cherry Ave, PO Box 210242, Tucson, AZ, 85721-0242, USA
| | - M D Trial
- Center for Innovation in Brain Science, University of Arizona, 1230 N. Cherry Ave, PO Box 210242, Tucson, AZ, 85721-0242, USA
| | - D Chinnasamy
- Center for Innovation in Brain Science, University of Arizona, 1230 N. Cherry Ave, PO Box 210242, Tucson, AZ, 85721-0242, USA
| | - J P Wiegand
- Center for Innovation in Brain Science, University of Arizona, 1230 N. Cherry Ave, PO Box 210242, Tucson, AZ, 85721-0242, USA
| | - D Bradford
- Center for Innovation in Brain Science, University of Arizona, 1230 N. Cherry Ave, PO Box 210242, Tucson, AZ, 85721-0242, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - R D Brinton
- Center for Innovation in Brain Science, University of Arizona, 1230 N. Cherry Ave, PO Box 210242, Tucson, AZ, 85721-0242, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - K E Rodgers
- Center for Innovation in Brain Science, University of Arizona, 1230 N. Cherry Ave, PO Box 210242, Tucson, AZ, 85721-0242, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.
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Wu F, Zhang J, Wang Q, Liu W, Zhang X, Ning F, Cui M, Qin L, Zhao G, Liu D, Lv S, Xu Y. Identification of immune-associated genes in vascular dementia by integrated bioinformatics and inflammatory infiltrates. Heliyon 2024; 10:e26304. [PMID: 38384571 PMCID: PMC10879030 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Dysregulation of the immune system plays a vital role in the pathological process of vascular dementia, and this study aims to spot critical biomarkers and immune infiltrations in vascular dementia employing a bioinformatics approach. Methods We acquired gene expression profiles from the Gene Expression Database. The gene expression data were analyzed using the bioinformatics method to identify candidate immune-related central genes for the diagnosis of vascular dementia. and the diagnostic value of nomograms and Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves were evaluated. We also examined the role of the VaD hub genes. Using the database and potential therapeutic drugs, we predicted the miRNA and lncRNA controlling the Hub genes. Immune cell infiltration was initiated to examine immune cell dysregulation in vascular dementia. Results 1321 immune genes were included in the combined immune dataset, and 2816 DEGs were examined in GSE122063. Twenty potential genes were found using differential gene analysis and co-expression network analysis. PPI network design and functional enrichment analysis were also done using the immune system as the main subject. To create the nomogram for evaluating the diagnostic value, four potential core genes were chosen by machine learning. All four putative center genes and nomograms have a solid diagnostic value (AUC ranged from 0.81 to 0.92). Their high confidence level became unquestionable by validating each of the four biomarkers using a different dataset. According to GeneMANIA and GSEA enrichment investigations, the pathophysiology of VaD is strongly related to inflammatory responses, drug reactions, and central nervous system degeneration. The data and Hub genes were used to construct a ceRNA network that includes three miRNAs, 90 lncRNA, and potential VaD therapeutics. Immune cells with varying dysregulation were also found. Conclusion Using bioinformatic techniques, our research identified four immune-related candidate core genes (HMOX1, EBI3, CYBB, and CCR5). Our study confirms the role of these Hub genes in the onset and progression of VaD at the level of immune infiltration. It predicts potential RNA regulatory pathways control VaD progression, which may provide ideas for treating clinical disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangchao Wu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Junling Zhang
- Shandong Medicine Technician College, Taian 271000, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Taian City Central Hospital of Qingdao University, Taian, 271000, China
| | - Wenxin Liu
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Taian, 271000, China
| | - Xinlei Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Taian, 271000, China
| | - Fangli Ning
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Taian, 271000, China
| | - Mengmeng Cui
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Taian, 271000, China
| | - Lei Qin
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Taian, 271000, China
| | - Guohua Zhao
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Taian, 271000, China
| | - Di Liu
- Department of Neurology, Dongping County People's Hospital, Taian, 271000, China
| | - Shi Lv
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Taian, 271000, China
| | - Yuzhen Xu
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Taian, 271000, China
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Zhang F, Ge Q, Meng J, Chen J, Liang C, Zhang M. Characterizing CD8+ TEMRA Cells in CP/CPPS Patients: Insights from Targeted Single-Cell Transcriptomic and Functional Investigations. Immunotargets Ther 2024; 13:111-121. [PMID: 38435982 PMCID: PMC10906729 DOI: 10.2147/itt.s451199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The specific involvement of the CD8+ T effector memory RA (TEMRA) subset in patients with chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS) has largely not been explored in the literature. Methods Targeted single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) profiles were generated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) obtained from two CP/CPPS patients and two healthy controls (HCs) in our recent study. Pseudotime series algorithms were used to reveal the differentiation trajectory, CellChat analysis was used to explore the communication between individual cells, and the SCENIC program was used to identify potential transcription factors (TFs). Based on the cosine similarity, clusters of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were considered to be further enriched in different pathways. To confirm the functional role of the critical clusters, flow cytometry was employed. Results The results revealed the molecular landscape of these clusters, with TEMRA cells exhibiting pronounced cytokine-mediated signaling pathway enrichment. Pseudotime trajectory analysis further mapped the evolution from naïve T cells to that of TEMRA cells, elucidating the developmental pathways involved in the immune context. A significant finding from CellChat analysis was the differential expression of ligands and receptors, with CD8+ TEMRA cells showing enhanced signaling, particularly in the CP/CPPS context, compared to HCs. Flow cytometry confirmed these results, revealing a heightened proinflammatory cytokine profile in patients with chronic prostatitis-like symptoms (CP-LS), suggesting that TEMRA cells play a significant role in disease pathogenesis. TF profiling across the T-cell clusters identified key regulators of cellular identity, identifying novel therapeutic targets. Elevated TNF signaling activity in CD8+ TEMRA cells underscored the involvement of these cells in disease mechanisms. Conclusion This study elucidates the pivotal role of the CD8+ TEMRA cell subset in CP/CPPS, which is characterized by increased TNF signaling and proinflammatory factor expression, highlighting potential biomarkers and opening new avenues for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Zhang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University; Institute of Urology, Anhui Medical University; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Urological and Andrological Diseases Research and Medical Transformation, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, People's Republic of China
| | - Qintao Ge
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University; Institute of Urology, Anhui Medical University; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Urological and Andrological Diseases Research and Medical Transformation, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, People's Republic of China
| | - Jialin Meng
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University; Institute of Urology, Anhui Medical University; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Urological and Andrological Diseases Research and Medical Transformation, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Chen
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University; Institute of Urology, Anhui Medical University; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Urological and Andrological Diseases Research and Medical Transformation, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, People's Republic of China
| | - Chaozhao Liang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University; Institute of Urology, Anhui Medical University; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Urological and Andrological Diseases Research and Medical Transformation, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University; Institute of Urology, Anhui Medical University; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Urological and Andrological Diseases Research and Medical Transformation, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, People's Republic of China
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Kveštak D, Mihalić A, Jonjić S, Brizić I. Innate lymphoid cells in neuroinflammation. Front Cell Neurosci 2024; 18:1364485. [PMID: 38450285 PMCID: PMC10915051 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2024.1364485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are largely tissue-resident cells that participate in the maintenance of tissue homeostasis and react early to inflammatory events. Mature ILCs are divided into three major groups based on the transcription factors required for their development and function. Under physiological conditions, ILCs are present within the choroid plexus and meninges while the CNS parenchyma is almost devoid of these cells. However, pathological conditions such as autoimmune neuroinflammation and viral infections of the CNS result in the infiltration of ILCs into parenchyma. In this article, we provide an overview of the involvement and function of the ILCs within the CNS during physiological conditions and in infections, autoimmune diseases, neurodegeneration, and injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria Kveštak
- Center for Proteomics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Andrea Mihalić
- Center for Proteomics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Stipan Jonjić
- Center for Proteomics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Ilija Brizić
- Center for Proteomics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
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Xu X, Han Y, Zhang B, Ren Q, Ma J, Liu S. Understanding immune microenvironment alterations in the brain to improve the diagnosis and treatment of diverse brain diseases. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:132. [PMID: 38368403 PMCID: PMC10874090 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-024-01509-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Abnormal inflammatory states in the brain are associated with a variety of brain diseases. The dynamic changes in the number and function of immune cells in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) are advantageous for the early prediction and diagnosis of immune diseases affecting the brain. The aggregated factors and cells in inflamed CSF may represent candidate targets for therapy. The physiological barriers in the brain, such as the blood‒brain barrier (BBB), establish a stable environment for the distribution of resident immune cells. However, the underlying mechanism by which peripheral immune cells migrate into the brain and their role in maintaining immune homeostasis in CSF are still unclear. To advance our understanding of the causal link between brain diseases and immune cell status, we investigated the characteristics of immune cell changes in CSF and the molecular mechanisms involved in common brain diseases. Furthermore, we summarized the diagnostic and treatment methods for brain diseases in which immune cells and related cytokines in CSF are used as targets. Further investigations of the new immune cell subtypes and their contributions to the development of brain diseases are needed to improve diagnostic specificity and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotong Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Han
- Guang'an Men Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, People's Republic of China.
| | - Binlong Zhang
- Guang'an Men Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, People's Republic of China
| | - Quanzhong Ren
- JST Sarcopenia Research Centre, National Center for Orthopaedics, Beijing Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100035, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, People's Republic of China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China.
| | - Sijin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, 250117, People's Republic of China
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41
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Loh JS, Mak WQ, Tan LKS, Ng CX, Chan HH, Yeow SH, Foo JB, Ong YS, How CW, Khaw KY. Microbiota-gut-brain axis and its therapeutic applications in neurodegenerative diseases. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:37. [PMID: 38360862 PMCID: PMC10869798 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01743-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
The human gastrointestinal tract is populated with a diverse microbial community. The vast genetic and metabolic potential of the gut microbiome underpins its ubiquity in nearly every aspect of human biology, including health maintenance, development, aging, and disease. The advent of new sequencing technologies and culture-independent methods has allowed researchers to move beyond correlative studies toward mechanistic explorations to shed light on microbiome-host interactions. Evidence has unveiled the bidirectional communication between the gut microbiome and the central nervous system, referred to as the "microbiota-gut-brain axis". The microbiota-gut-brain axis represents an important regulator of glial functions, making it an actionable target to ameliorate the development and progression of neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms of the microbiota-gut-brain axis in neurodegenerative diseases. As the gut microbiome provides essential cues to microglia, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes, we examine the communications between gut microbiota and these glial cells during healthy states and neurodegenerative diseases. Subsequently, we discuss the mechanisms of the microbiota-gut-brain axis in neurodegenerative diseases using a metabolite-centric approach, while also examining the role of gut microbiota-related neurotransmitters and gut hormones. Next, we examine the potential of targeting the intestinal barrier, blood-brain barrier, meninges, and peripheral immune system to counteract glial dysfunction in neurodegeneration. Finally, we conclude by assessing the pre-clinical and clinical evidence of probiotics, prebiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation in neurodegenerative diseases. A thorough comprehension of the microbiota-gut-brain axis will foster the development of effective therapeutic interventions for the management of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Sheng Loh
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Wen Qi Mak
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Li Kar Stella Tan
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, 1, Jalan Taylors, Subang Jaya, 47500, Selangor, Malaysia
- Digital Health & Medical Advancements, Taylor's University, 1, Jalan Taylors, Subang Jaya, 47500, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Chu Xin Ng
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, 1, Jalan Taylors, Subang Jaya, 47500, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Hong Hao Chan
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Shiau Hueh Yeow
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London, WC1N 1AX, UK
| | - Jhi Biau Foo
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, 1, Jalan Taylors, Subang Jaya, 47500, Selangor, Malaysia
- Digital Health & Medical Advancements, Taylor's University, 1, Jalan Taylors, Subang Jaya, 47500, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Yong Sze Ong
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Chee Wun How
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Kooi Yeong Khaw
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Rodriguez-Mogeda C, van Ansenwoude CMJ, van der Molen L, Strijbis EMM, Mebius RE, de Vries HE. The role of CD56 bright NK cells in neurodegenerative disorders. J Neuroinflammation 2024; 21:48. [PMID: 38350967 PMCID: PMC10865604 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-024-03040-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests a potential role for natural killer (NK) cells in neurodegenerative diseases, such as multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. However, the precise function of NK cells in these diseases remains ambiguous. The existence of two NK cell subsets, CD56bright and CD56dim NK cells, complicates the understanding of the contribution of NK cells in neurodegeneration as their functions within the context of neurodegenerative diseases may differ significantly. CD56bright NK cells are potent cytokine secretors and are considered more immunoregulatory and less terminally differentiated than their mostly cytotoxic CD56dim counterparts. Hence, this review focusses on NK cells, specifically on CD56bright NK cells, and their role in neurodegenerative diseases. Moreover, it explores the mechanisms underlying their ability to enter the central nervous system. By consolidating current knowledge, we aim to provide a comprehensive overview on the role of CD56bright NK cells in neurodegenerative diseases. Elucidating their impact on neurodegeneration may have implications for future therapeutic interventions, potentially ameliorating disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Rodriguez-Mogeda
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- MS Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Chaja M J van Ansenwoude
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- MS Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lennart van der Molen
- IQ Health Science Department, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Eva M M Strijbis
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- MS Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Neurology, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Reina E Mebius
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Helga E de Vries
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- MS Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Theorell J, Harrison R, Williams R, Raybould MIJ, Zhao M, Fox H, Fower A, Miller G, Wu Z, Browne E, Mgbachi V, Sun B, Mopuri R, Li Y, Waters P, Deane CM, Handel A, Makuch M, Irani SR. Ultrahigh frequencies of peripherally matured LGI1- and CASPR2-reactive B cells characterize the cerebrospinal fluid in autoimmune encephalitis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2311049121. [PMID: 38319973 PMCID: PMC10873633 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2311049121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Intrathecal synthesis of central nervous system (CNS)-reactive autoantibodies is observed across patients with autoimmune encephalitis (AE), who show multiple residual neurobehavioral deficits and relapses despite immunotherapies. We leveraged two common forms of AE, mediated by leucine-rich glioma inactivated-1 (LGI1) and contactin-associated protein-like 2 (CASPR2) antibodies, as human models to comprehensively reconstruct and profile cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) B cell receptor (BCR) characteristics. We hypothesized that the resultant observations would both inform the observed therapeutic gap and determine the contribution of intrathecal maturation to pathogenic B cell lineages. From the CSF of three patients, 381 cognate-paired IgG BCRs were isolated by cell sorting and scRNA-seq, and 166 expressed as monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). Sixty-two percent of mAbs from singleton BCRs reacted with either LGI1 or CASPR2 and, strikingly, this rose to 100% of cells in clonal groups with ≥4 members. These autoantigen-reactivities were more concentrated within antibody-secreting cells (ASCs) versus B cells (P < 0.0001), and both these cell types were more differentiated than LGI1- and CASPR2-unreactive counterparts. Despite greater differentiation, autoantigen-reactive cells had acquired few mutations intrathecally and showed minimal variation in autoantigen affinities within clonal expansions. Also, limited CSF T cell receptor clonality was observed. In contrast, a comparison of germline-encoded BCRs versus the founder intrathecal clone revealed marked gains in both affinity and mutational distances (P = 0.004 and P < 0.0001, respectively). Taken together, in patients with LGI1 and CASPR2 antibody encephalitis, our results identify CSF as a compartment with a remarkably high frequency of clonally expanded autoantigen-reactive ASCs whose BCR maturity appears dominantly acquired outside the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Theorell
- Oxford Autoimmune Neurology Group, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, OxfordOX3 9DU, United Kingdom
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm17177, Sweden
- Department of Neurology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm17176, Sweden
| | - Ruby Harrison
- Oxford Autoimmune Neurology Group, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, OxfordOX3 9DU, United Kingdom
| | - Robyn Williams
- Oxford Autoimmune Neurology Group, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, OxfordOX3 9DU, United Kingdom
- Department of Neurology, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals, OxfordOX3 9DU, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew I. J. Raybould
- Department of Statistics, Oxford Protein Informatics Group, University of Oxford, OxfordOX1 3LB, United Kingdom
| | - Meng Zhao
- Oxford Autoimmune Neurology Group, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, OxfordOX3 9DU, United Kingdom
| | - Hannah Fox
- Oxford Autoimmune Neurology Group, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, OxfordOX3 9DU, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Fower
- Oxford Autoimmune Neurology Group, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, OxfordOX3 9DU, United Kingdom
| | - Georgina Miller
- Oxford Autoimmune Neurology Group, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, OxfordOX3 9DU, United Kingdom
| | - Zoe Wu
- Oxford Autoimmune Neurology Group, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, OxfordOX3 9DU, United Kingdom
| | - Eleanor Browne
- Oxford Autoimmune Neurology Group, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, OxfordOX3 9DU, United Kingdom
| | - Victor Mgbachi
- Oxford Autoimmune Neurology Group, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, OxfordOX3 9DU, United Kingdom
| | - Bo Sun
- Oxford Autoimmune Neurology Group, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, OxfordOX3 9DU, United Kingdom
| | - Rohini Mopuri
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL32224
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL32224
| | - Patrick Waters
- Oxford Autoimmune Neurology Group, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, OxfordOX3 9DU, United Kingdom
| | - Charlotte M. Deane
- Department of Statistics, Oxford Protein Informatics Group, University of Oxford, OxfordOX1 3LB, United Kingdom
| | - Adam Handel
- Oxford Autoimmune Neurology Group, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, OxfordOX3 9DU, United Kingdom
- Department of Neurology, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals, OxfordOX3 9DU, United Kingdom
| | - Mateusz Makuch
- Oxford Autoimmune Neurology Group, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, OxfordOX3 9DU, United Kingdom
| | - Sarosh R. Irani
- Oxford Autoimmune Neurology Group, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, OxfordOX3 9DU, United Kingdom
- Department of Neurology, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals, OxfordOX3 9DU, United Kingdom
- Departments of Neurology and Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL32224
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He Z, Chen Q, Wang K, Lin J, Peng Y, Zhang J, Yan X, Jie Y. Single-cell transcriptomics analysis of cellular heterogeneity and immune mechanisms in neurodegenerative diseases. Eur J Neurosci 2024; 59:333-357. [PMID: 38221677 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.16242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Single-cell transcriptomics analysis is an advanced technology that can describe the intracellular transcriptome in complex tissues. It profiles and analyses datasets by single-cell RNA sequencing. Neurodegenerative diseases are identified by the abnormal apoptosis of neurons in the brain with few or no effective therapy strategies at present, which has been a growing healthcare concern and brought a great burden to society. The transcriptome of individual cells provides deep insights into previously unforeseen cellular heterogeneity and gene expression differences in neurodegenerative disorders. It detects multiple cell subsets and functional changes during pathological progression, which deepens the understanding of the molecular underpinnings and cellular basis of neurodegenerative diseases. Furthermore, the transcriptome analysis of immune cells shows the regulation of immune response. Different subtypes of immune cells and their interaction are found to contribute to disease progression. This finding enables the discovery of novel targets and biomarkers for early diagnosis. In this review, we emphasize the principles of the technology, and its recent progress in the study of cellular heterogeneity and immune mechanisms in neurodegenerative diseases. The application of single-cell transcriptomics analysis in neurodegenerative disorders would help explore the pathogenesis of these diseases and develop novel therapeutic methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziping He
- Department of Forensic Science, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Clinical Medicine Eight-Year Program, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qianqian Chen
- Department of Forensic Science, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Kaiyue Wang
- Department of Forensic Science, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Clinical Medicine Eight-Year Program, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jiang Lin
- Department of Forensic Science, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yilin Peng
- Department of Forensic Science, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jinlong Zhang
- Department of Forensic Science, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Forensic Science, School of Basic Medical Science, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Xisheng Yan
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Wuhan Third Hospital & Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan Jie
- Department of Forensic Science, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Forensic Science, School of Basic Medical Science, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
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Breen C, Papale LA, Clark LR, Bergmann PE, Madrid A, Asthana S, Johnson SC, Keleş S, Alisch RS, Hogan KJ. Whole genome methylation sequencing in blood identifies extensive differential DNA methylation in late-onset dementia due to Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimers Dement 2024; 20:1050-1062. [PMID: 37856321 PMCID: PMC10916976 DOI: 10.1002/alz.13514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION DNA microarray-based studies report differentially methylated positions (DMPs) in blood between late-onset dementia due to Alzheimer's disease (AD) and cognitively unimpaired individuals, but interrogate < 4% of the genome. METHODS We used whole genome methylation sequencing (WGMS) to quantify DNA methylation levels at 25,409,826 CpG loci in 281 blood samples from 108 AD and 173 cognitively unimpaired individuals. RESULTS WGMS identified 28,038 DMPs throughout the human methylome, including 2707 differentially methylated genes (e.g., SORCS3, GABA, and PICALM) encoding proteins in biological pathways relevant to AD such as synaptic membrane, cation channel complex, and glutamatergic synapse. One hundred seventy-three differentially methylated blood-specific enhancers interact with the promoters of 95 genes that are differentially expressed in blood from persons with and without AD. DISCUSSION WGMS identifies differentially methylated CpGs in known and newly detected genes and enhancers in blood from persons with and without AD. HIGHLIGHTS Whole genome DNA methylation levels were quantified in blood from persons with and without Alzheimer's disease (AD). Twenty-eight thousand thirty-eight differentially methylated positions (DMPs) were identified. Two thousand seven hundred seven genes comprise DMPs. Forty-eight of 75 independent genetic risk loci for AD have DMPs. One thousand five hundred sixty-eight blood-specific enhancers comprise DMPs, 173 of which interact with the promoters of 95 genes that are differentially expressed in blood from persons with and without AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Coleman Breen
- Department of StatisticsUniversity of Wisconsin, Medical Sciences CenterMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - Ligia A. Papale
- Department of Neurological SurgeryUniversity of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public HealthMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - Lindsay R. Clark
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research CenterUniversity of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public HealthMadisonWisconsinUSA
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical CenterWilliam S. Middleton Memorial Veterans HospitalMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - Phillip E. Bergmann
- Department of Neurological SurgeryUniversity of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public HealthMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - Andy Madrid
- Department of Neurological SurgeryUniversity of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public HealthMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - Sanjay Asthana
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical CenterWilliam S. Middleton Memorial Veterans HospitalMadisonWisconsinUSA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's InstituteUniversity of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public HealthMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - Sterling C. Johnson
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research CenterUniversity of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public HealthMadisonWisconsinUSA
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical CenterWilliam S. Middleton Memorial Veterans HospitalMadisonWisconsinUSA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's InstituteUniversity of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public HealthMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - Sündüz Keleş
- Department of StatisticsUniversity of Wisconsin, Medical Sciences CenterMadisonWisconsinUSA
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical InformaticsUniversity of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public HealthMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - Reid S. Alisch
- Department of Neurological SurgeryUniversity of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public HealthMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - Kirk J. Hogan
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's InstituteUniversity of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public HealthMadisonWisconsinUSA
- Department of AnesthesiologyUniversity of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public HealthMadisonWisconsinUSA
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Guo X, Yan L, Zhang D, Zhao Y. Passive immunotherapy for Alzheimer's disease. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 94:102192. [PMID: 38219962 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease characterized by cognitive impairment with few therapeutic options. Despite many failures in developing AD treatment during the past 20 years, significant advances have been achieved in passive immunotherapy of AD very recently. Here, we review characteristics, clinical trial data, and mechanisms of action for monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) targeting key players in AD pathogenesis, including amyloid-β (Aβ), tau and neuroinflammation modulators. We emphasized the efficacy of lecanemab and donanemab on cognition and amyloid clearance in AD patients in phase III clinical trials and discussed factors that may contribute to the efficacy and side effects of anti-Aβ mAbs. In addition, we provided important information on mAbs targeting tau or inflammatory regulators in clinical trials, and indicated that mAbs against the mid-region of tau or pathogenic tau have therapeutic potential for AD. In conclusion, passive immunotherapy targeting key players in AD pathogenesis offers a promising strategy for effective AD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyi Guo
- Center for Brain Sciences, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Institute of Neuroscience, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Li Yan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Denghong Zhang
- Center for Brain Sciences, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Institute of Neuroscience, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Yingjun Zhao
- Center for Brain Sciences, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Institute of Neuroscience, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China.
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Yamakawa M, Rexach JE. Cell States and Interactions of CD8 T Cells and Disease-Enriched Microglia in Human Brains with Alzheimer's Disease. Biomedicines 2024; 12:308. [PMID: 38397909 PMCID: PMC10886701 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12020308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a multi-stage neurodegenerative disorder characterized by beta-amyloid accumulation, hyperphosphorylated Tau deposits, neurodegeneration, neuroinflammation, and cognitive impairment. Recent studies implicate CD8 T cells as neuroimmune responders to the accumulation of AD pathology in the brain and potential contributors to toxic neuroinflammation. However, more evidence is needed to understand lymphocytes in disease, including their functional states, molecular mediators, and interacting cell types in diseased brain tissue. The scarcity of lymphocytes in brain tissue samples has limited the unbiased profiling of disease-associated cell types, cell states, drug targets, and relationships to common AD genetic risk variants based on transcriptomic analyses. However, using recent large-scale, high-quality single-nuclear sequencing datasets from over 84 Alzheimer's disease and control cases, we leverage single-nuclear RNAseq data from 800 lymphocytes collected from 70 individuals to complete unbiased molecular profiling. We demonstrate that effector memory CD8 T cells are the major lymphocyte subclass enriched in the brain tissues of individuals with AD dementia. We define disease-enriched interactions involving CD8 T cells and multiple brain cell subclasses including two distinct microglial disease states that correlate, respectively, to beta-amyloid and tau pathology. We find that beta-amyloid-associated microglia are a major hub of multicellular cross-talk gained in disease, including interactions involving both vulnerable neuronal subtypes and CD8 T cells. We reproduce prior reports that amyloid-response microglia are depleted in APOE4 carriers. Overall, these human-based studies provide additional support for the potential relevance of effector memory CD8 T cells as a lymphocyte population of interest in AD dementia and provide new candidate interacting partners and drug targets for further functional study.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jessica E. Rexach
- Department of Neurology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA;
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Liao J, Zhang Y, Tang Z, Liu P, He L. Causal relationships between peripheral immune cells and Alzheimer's disease: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study. Neurol Sci 2024:10.1007/s10072-024-07324-y. [PMID: 38267604 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-024-07324-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Previous research suggests that peripheral immune cells may play a role in the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Our study aims to determine if the composition of peripheral immune cells directly contributes to the occurrence of AD. METHODS We utilized a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) approach to examine the association between peripheral immune cells and AD.The primary analysis method used was the inverse variance weighted (IVW) method, and we also conducted analyses using MR Egger, weighted median, simple mode, and weighted mode methods to ensure the accuracy of the results.Heterogeneity and horizontal pleiotropy were evaluated using Cochran's Q statistics and the MR Egger intercept, respectively. RESULTS The study found a significant correlation between increased IgD + CD24- AC cells (Odds Ratio [OR] = 1.03, 95% Confidence Interval [CI] = 1.01-1.06, P = 0.0172), increased CD4 + %leukocyte (OR = 1.08, 95% CI = 1.02-1.14, P = 0.0086), and increased CD4 + CD8dim AC cells (OR = 1.06, 95% CI = 1.01-1.11, P = 0.0218), with an increased susceptibility to AD. Conversely, an increase in EM DN (CD4-CD8-) %T cells (OR = 0.95, 95% CI = 0.92-0.99, P = 0.0164) and an increase in DN (CD4-CD8-) AC cells (OR = 0.93, 95% CI = 0.88-0.99, P = 0.0145) were associated with a protective effect against AD. CONCLUSION Our findings establish a causal link between peripheral immune cells and AD. This study is the first to examine the relationship between peripheral immune cells and AD using MR, offering valuable insights for early diagnosis and treatment decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liao
- Ruikang Hospital, Affiliated to Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, 10 Huadong Road, Xingning District, Nanning City, Guangxi, 53000, China.
| | - Yongquan Zhang
- Ruikang Hospital, Affiliated to Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, 10 Huadong Road, Xingning District, Nanning City, Guangxi, 53000, China
| | - Zhanhong Tang
- First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning City, Guangxi, 530021, China
| | - Pinjing Liu
- Ruikang Hospital, Affiliated to Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, 10 Huadong Road, Xingning District, Nanning City, Guangxi, 53000, China
| | - Luoyi He
- Ruikang Hospital, Affiliated to Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, 10 Huadong Road, Xingning District, Nanning City, Guangxi, 53000, China
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Hobson R, Levy SH, Flaherty D, Xiao H, Ciener B, Reddy H, Singal C, Kim CY, Teich AF, Shneider NA, Bradshaw EM, Elyaman W. Clonal CD8 T Cells Accumulate in the Leptomeninges and Communicate with Microglia in Human Neurodegeneration. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-3755733. [PMID: 38343836 PMCID: PMC10854309 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3755733/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Murine studies have highlighted a crucial role for immune cells in the meninges in surveilling the central nervous system (CNS) and influencing neuroinflammation. However, how meningeal immunity is altered in human neurodegeneration and its effects on CNS inflammation is understudied. We performed the first single-cell analysis of the transcriptomes and T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire of 104,635 immune cells from 55 postmortem human brain and leptomeningeal tissues from donors with neurodegenerative diseases including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, and Parkinson's disease. RNA and TCR sequencing from paired leptomeninges and brain allowed us to perform lineage tracing to identify the spatial trajectory of clonal T cells in the CNS and its borders. We propose that T cells activated in the brain emigrate to and establish residency in the leptomeninges where they likely contribute to impairments in lymphatic drainage and remotely to CNS inflammation by producing IFNγ and other cytokines. We identified regulatory networks local to the meninges including NK cell-mediated CD8 T cell killing which likely help to control meningeal inflammation. Collectively, these findings provide not only a foundation for future studies into brain border immune surveillance but also highlight important intercellular dynamics that could be leveraged to modulate neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Hobson
- Division of Translational Neurobiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Samuel H.S. Levy
- Division of Translational Neurobiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Delaney Flaherty
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032
| | - Harrison Xiao
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032
| | - Benjamin Ciener
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032
| | - Hasini Reddy
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032
| | - Chitra Singal
- Division of Translational Neurobiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Christine Y. Kim
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Andrew F. Teich
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032
- The Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Neil A. Shneider
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- The Eleanor and Lou Gehrig ALS Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, 10032, USA
- The Center for Motor Neuron Biology and Disease, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, 10032, USA
| | - Elizabeth M. Bradshaw
- Division of Translational Neurobiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- The Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- The Carol and Gene Ludwig Center for Research on Neurodegeneration, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Wassim Elyaman
- Division of Translational Neurobiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- The Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- The Center for Motor Neuron Biology and Disease, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, 10032, USA
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50
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Liu Y, Tan Y, Zhang Z, Yi M, Zhu L, Peng W. The interaction between ageing and Alzheimer's disease: insights from the hallmarks of ageing. Transl Neurodegener 2024; 13:7. [PMID: 38254235 PMCID: PMC10804662 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-024-00397-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Ageing is a crucial risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD) and is characterised by systemic changes in both intracellular and extracellular microenvironments that affect the entire body instead of a single organ. Understanding the specific mechanisms underlying the role of ageing in disease development can facilitate the treatment of ageing-related diseases, such as AD. Signs of brain ageing have been observed in both AD patients and animal models. Alleviating the pathological changes caused by brain ageing can dramatically ameliorate the amyloid beta- and tau-induced neuropathological and memory impairments, indicating that ageing plays a crucial role in the pathophysiological process of AD. In this review, we summarize the impact of several age-related factors on AD and propose that preventing pathological changes caused by brain ageing is a promising strategy for improving cognitive health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Liu
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No.139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Changsha, 410011, People's Republic of China
| | - Yejun Tan
- School of Mathematics, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Zheyu Zhang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No.139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Changsha, 410011, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Yi
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No.139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Changsha, 410011, People's Republic of China
| | - Lemei Zhu
- Academician Workstation, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, 410219, People's Republic of China
| | - Weijun Peng
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No.139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Changsha, 410011, People's Republic of China.
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