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Lorant V, Klein M, Garçon D, Sotin T, Frey S, Cheminant MA, Ayer A, Croyal M, Flet L, Rimbert A, Colas L, Cariou B, Bouchaud G, Le May C. PCSK9 inhibition protects mice from food allergy. Transl Res 2024; 272:151-161. [PMID: 38471633 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2024.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
The Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin Kexin of type 9 (PCSK9) has been identified in 2003 as the third gene involved in familial hypercholesterolemia. PCSK9 binds to the membrane low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) and promotes its cellular internalization and lysosomal degradation. Beyond this canonical role, PCSK9 was recently described to be involved in several immune responses. However, to date, the contribution of PCSK9 in food allergy remains unknown. Here, we showed that Pcsk9 deficiency or pharmacological inhibition of circulating PCSK9 with a specific monoclonal antibody (m-Ab) protected mice against symptoms of gliadin-induced-food allergy, such as increased intestinal transit time and ear oedema. Furthermore, specific PCSK9 inhibition during the elicitation steps of allergic process was sufficient to ensure anti-allergic effects in mice. Interestingly, the protective effect of PCSK9 inhibition against food allergy symptoms was independent of the LDLR as PCSK9 inhibitors remained effective in Ldlr deficient mice. In vitro, we showed that recombinant gain of function PCSK9 (PCSK9 D374Y) increased the percentage of mature bone marrow derived dendritic cells (BMDCs), promoted naïve T cell proliferation and potentiated the gliadin induced basophils degranulation. Altogether, our data demonstrate that PCSK9 inhibition is protective against gliadin induced food allergy in a LDLR-independent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Lorant
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, 8 quai Moncousu, BP70721, Nantes 44000, France
| | - Martin Klein
- Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Laval University, Quebec, Canada
| | - Damien Garçon
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, 8 quai Moncousu, BP70721, Nantes 44000, France
| | - Thibaud Sotin
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, 8 quai Moncousu, BP70721, Nantes 44000, France
| | - Samuel Frey
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, 8 quai Moncousu, BP70721, Nantes 44000, France
| | - Marie-Aude Cheminant
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, 8 quai Moncousu, BP70721, Nantes 44000, France
| | - Audrey Ayer
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, 8 quai Moncousu, BP70721, Nantes 44000, France
| | - Mikaël Croyal
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, 8 quai Moncousu, BP70721, Nantes 44000, France; CRNH-Ouest Mass Spectrometry Core Facility, Nantes, France
| | - Laurent Flet
- Department of Pharmacy, CHU Nantes, Nantes Université, Nantes, France
| | - Antoine Rimbert
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, 8 quai Moncousu, BP70721, Nantes 44000, France
| | - Luc Colas
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Center for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology, UMR 1064, Nantes F-44000, France; CHU Nantes, Nantes Université, Plateforme transversale d'allergologie et d'immunologie clinique, clinique dermatologique, Nantes, France
| | - Bertrand Cariou
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, 8 quai Moncousu, BP70721, Nantes 44000, France
| | | | - Cédric Le May
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, 8 quai Moncousu, BP70721, Nantes 44000, France.
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Xu Y, Xu Y, Yang Y, Zhang Z, Xiong Q, Zhu Q. Serum PCSK9 is a novel serological biomarker for the diagnosis and prognosis of pancreatic cancer. PeerJ 2024; 12:e18018. [PMID: 39282119 PMCID: PMC11397121 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.18018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Although CA19-9 is an essential blood biomarker of pancreatic cancer (PC), its sensitivity and specificity are limited for early detection. Methods We analyzed the serum proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (sPCSK9) in PC patients, benign disease groups (BDG), and healthy controls (HC) by ELISA. Results Consistently, sPCSK9 was considerably lower in PC patients than in HC (Z = -2.546, P < 0.05), and sPCSK9 in PC patients was statistically significantly higher than in BDG (Z = -5.457, P < 0.001). sPCSK9 was linked to the invasion of lymph nodes (χ2 = 6.846, P < 0.01). According to ROC curves, combining sPCSK9 with CA19-9 could potentially enhance the diagnostic capability of CA19-9 in early-stage PC patients. Furthermore, the low sPCSK9 group (n = 41) exhibited statistically significantly prolonged overall survival compared to the high sPCSK9 group (n = 15), with median survival times of 27 months (95% CI [17.59-36.41]) and 11 months (95% CI [7.21-14.79]), respectively (P = 0.022). Conclusion The diagnostic performance of CA19-9 for early-stage PC patients could be improved by combining sPCSK9 with CA19-9. Moreover, the higher sPCSK9 group has a significantly shorter overall survival rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Xu
- Division of Abdominal Tumor Multimodality Treatment, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yongfeng Xu
- Division of Abdominal Tumor Multimodality Treatment, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Division of Abdominal Tumor Multimodality Treatment, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhiwei Zhang
- Division of Abdominal Tumor Multimodality Treatment, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qunli Xiong
- Division of Abdominal Tumor Multimodality Treatment, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qing Zhu
- Division of Abdominal Tumor Multimodality Treatment, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Lauridsen AR, Skorda A, Winther NI, Bay ML, Kallunki T. Why make it if you can take it: review on extracellular cholesterol uptake and its importance in breast and ovarian cancers. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2024; 43:254. [PMID: 39243069 PMCID: PMC11378638 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-024-03172-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 08/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Cholesterol homeostasis is essential for healthy mammalian cells and dysregulation of cholesterol metabolism contributes to the pathogenesis of various diseases including cancer. Cancer cells are dependent on cholesterol. Malignant progression is associated with high cellular demand for cholesterol, and extracellular cholesterol uptake is often elevated in cancer cell to meet its metabolic needs. Tumors take up cholesterol from the blood stream through their vasculature. Breast cancer grows in, and ovarian cancer metastasizes into fatty tissue that provides them with an additional source of cholesterol. High levels of extracellular cholesterol are beneficial for tumors whose cancer cells master the uptake of extracellular cholesterol. In this review we concentrate on cholesterol uptake mechanisms, receptor-mediated endocytosis and macropinocytosis, and how these are utilized and manipulated by cancer cells to overcome their possible intrinsic or pharmacological limitations in cholesterol synthesis. We focus especially on the involvement of lysosomes in cholesterol uptake. Identifying the vulnerabilities of cholesterol metabolism and manipulating them could provide novel efficient therapeutic strategies for treatment of cancers that manifest dependency for extracellular cholesterol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Røssberg Lauridsen
- Cancer Invasion and Resistance, Danish Cancer Institute, Strandboulevarden 49, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark
| | - Aikaterini Skorda
- Cancer Invasion and Resistance, Danish Cancer Institute, Strandboulevarden 49, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark
| | - Nuggi Ingholt Winther
- Cancer Invasion and Resistance, Danish Cancer Institute, Strandboulevarden 49, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark
| | - Marie Lund Bay
- Cancer Invasion and Resistance, Danish Cancer Institute, Strandboulevarden 49, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark.
| | - Tuula Kallunki
- Cancer Invasion and Resistance, Danish Cancer Institute, Strandboulevarden 49, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark.
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Wang Y, Li F, Gao X, Yu H, Du Z, Li L, Du Y, Hu C, Qin Y. miR-181d-5p ameliorates hypercholesterolemia by targeting PCSK9. J Endocrinol 2024; 262:e230402. [PMID: 38940622 PMCID: PMC11301420 DOI: 10.1530/joe-23-0402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Hypercholesterolemia is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease and lowering circulating levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) can prevent and reduce cardiovascular events. MicroRNA-181d (miR-181d) can reduce the levels of triglycerides and cholesterol esters in cells. However, it is not known whether miR-181d-5p can lower levels of circulating LDL-C. Here, we generated two animal models of hypercholesterolemia to analyze the potential relationship between miR-181d-5p and LDL-C. In hypercholesterolemia model mice, adeno-associated virus (AAV)-mediated liver-directed overexpression of miR-181d-5p decreased the serum levels of cholesterol and LDL-C and the levels of cholesterol and triglyceride in the liver compared with control mice. Target Scan 8.0 indicated Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) to be a possible target gene of miR-181d-5p, which was confirmed by in vitro experiments. miR-181d-5p could directly interact with both the PCSK9 3'-UTR and promoter to inhibit PCSK9 translation and transcription. Furthermore, Dil-LDL uptake assays in PCSK9 knockdown Huh7 cells demonstrated that miR-181d-5p promotion of LDL-C absorption was dependent on PCSK9. Collectively, our findings show that miR-181d-5p targets the PCSK9 3'-UTR to inhibit PCSK9 expression and to reduce serum LDL-C. miR-181d-5p is therefore a new therapeutic target for the development of anti-hypercholesterolemia drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, Beijing, China
- The Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Fan Li
- Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, Beijing, China
- The Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoqian Gao
- Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, Beijing, China
- The Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Huahui Yu
- Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, Beijing, China
- The Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiyong Du
- Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, Beijing, China
- The Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Linyi Li
- Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, Beijing, China
- The Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yunhui Du
- Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, Beijing, China
- The Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chaowei Hu
- Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, Beijing, China
- The Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanwen Qin
- Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, Beijing, China
- The Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Dutka M, Zimmer K, Ćwiertnia M, Ilczak T, Bobiński R. The role of PCSK9 in heart failure and other cardiovascular diseases-mechanisms of action beyond its effect on LDL cholesterol. Heart Fail Rev 2024; 29:917-937. [PMID: 38886277 PMCID: PMC11306431 DOI: 10.1007/s10741-024-10409-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type-9 (PCSK9) is a protein that regulates low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol metabolism by binding to the hepatic LDL receptor (LDLR), ultimately leading to its lysosomal degradation and an increase in LDL cholesterol (LDLc) levels. Treatment strategies have been developed based on blocking PCSK9 with specific antibodies (alirocumab, evolocumab) and on blocking its production with small regulatory RNA (siRNA) (inclisiran). Clinical trials evaluating these drugs have confirmed their high efficacy in reducing serum LDLc levels and improving the prognosis in patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases. Most studies have focused on the action of PCSK9 on LDLRs and the subsequent increase in LDLc concentrations. Increasing evidence suggests that the adverse cardiovascular effects of PCSK9, particularly its atherosclerotic effects on the vascular wall, may also result from mechanisms independent of its effects on lipid metabolism. PCSK9 induces the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines contributing to inflammation within the vascular wall and promotes apoptosis, pyroptosis, and ferroptosis of cardiomyocytes and is thus involved in the development and progression of heart failure. The elimination of PCSK9 may, therefore, not only be a treatment for hypercholesterolaemia but also for atherosclerosis and other cardiovascular diseases. The mechanisms of action of PCSK9 in the cardiovascular system are not yet fully understood. This article reviews the current understanding of the mechanisms of PCSK9 action in the cardiovascular system and its contribution to cardiovascular diseases. Knowledge of these mechanisms may contribute to the wider use of PCSK9 inhibitors in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mieczysław Dutka
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bielsko-Biala, Willowa St. 2, 43-309, Bielsko-Biała, Poland.
| | - Karolina Zimmer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bielsko-Biala, Willowa St. 2, 43-309, Bielsko-Biała, Poland
| | - Michał Ćwiertnia
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bielsko-Biala, 43-309, Bielsko-Biała, Poland
| | - Tomasz Ilczak
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bielsko-Biala, 43-309, Bielsko-Biała, Poland
| | - Rafał Bobiński
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bielsko-Biala, Willowa St. 2, 43-309, Bielsko-Biała, Poland
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Repp ML, Edwards MD, Burch CS, Rao A, Chinyere IR. PCSK9 Inhibitors and Anthracyclines: The Future of Cardioprotection in Cardio-Oncology. HEARTS 2024; 5:375-388. [PMID: 39268545 PMCID: PMC11391951 DOI: 10.3390/hearts5030027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
The field of cardio-oncology is an expanding frontier within cardiovascular medicine, and the need for evidence-based guidelines is apparent. One of the emerging focuses within cardio-oncology is the concomitant use of medications for cardioprotection in the setting of chemotherapy regimens that have known cardiovascular toxicity. While clinical trials focusing on cardioprotection during chemotherapy are sparse, an inaugural trial exploring the prophylactic potential of Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) for anthracycline (ANT)-induced cardiotoxicity has recently commenced. Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibitors, though less studied in this oncology demographic, have exhibited promise in preclinical studies for conferring cardiac protection during non-ischemic toxic insults. While primarily used to reduce low-density lipoprotein, PCSK9 inhibitors exhibit pleiotropic effects, including the attenuation of inflammation, reactive oxygen species, and endothelial dysfunction. In ANT-induced cardiotoxicity, these same processes are accelerated, resulting in premature termination of treatment, chronic cardiovascular sequelae, heart failure, and/or death. This review serves a dual purpose: firstly, to provide a concise overview of the mechanisms implicated in ANT-induced cardiotoxicity, and, finally, to summarize the existing preclinical data supporting the theoretical possibility of the cardioprotective effects of PCSK9 inhibition in ANT-induced cardiotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew L Repp
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Mark D Edwards
- Department of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Christopher S Burch
- Arizona College of Osteopathic Medicine, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ 85308, USA
| | - Amith Rao
- Department of Medicine, Banner University Medicine, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - Ikeotunye Royal Chinyere
- Department of Medicine, Banner University Medicine, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
- Sarver Heart Center, University of Arizona, 1501 North Campbell Avenue, Room 6154, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
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Ye D, Zhou S, Dai X, Xu H, Tang Q, Huang H, Bi F. Targeting the MHC-I endosomal-lysosomal trafficking pathway in cancer: From mechanism to immunotherapy. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2024; 1879:189161. [PMID: 39096977 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2024.189161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 07/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/05/2024]
Abstract
Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy has achieved broad applicability and durable clinical responses across cancer types. However, the overall response rate remains suboptimal because some patients do not respond or develop drug resistance. The low infiltration of CD8+ cytotoxic T cells (CTLs) in the tumor microenvironment due to insufficient antigen presentation is closely related to the innate resistance to ICB. The duration and spatial distribution of major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I) expression on the cell surface is critical for the efficient presentation of endogenous tumor antigens and subsequent recognition and clearance by CTLs. Tumor cells reduce the surface expression of MHC-I via multiple mechanisms to impair antigen presentation pathways and evade immunity and/or develop resistance to ICB therapy. As an increasing number of studies have focused on membrane MHC-I trafficking and degradation in tumor cells, which may impact the effectiveness of tumor immunotherapy. It is necessary to summarize the mechanism regulating membrane MHC-I translocation into the cytoplasm and degradation via the lysosome. We reviewed recent advances in the understanding of endosomal-lysosomal MHC-I transport and highlighted the means exploited by tumor cells to evade detection and clearance by CTLs. We also summarized new therapeutic strategies targeting these pathways to enhance classical ICB treatment and provide new avenues for optimizing cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Ye
- Division of Abdominal Cancer, Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center and Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Therapy in Oncology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610041, China
| | - Shuang Zhou
- Division of Abdominal Cancer, Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center and Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Therapy in Oncology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610041, China
| | - Xinyu Dai
- Division of Abdominal Cancer, Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center and Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Therapy in Oncology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610041, China
| | - Huanji Xu
- Division of Abdominal Cancer, Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center and Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Therapy in Oncology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610041, China
| | - Qiulin Tang
- Division of Abdominal Cancer, Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center and Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Therapy in Oncology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610041, China
| | - Huixi Huang
- Division of Abdominal Cancer, Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center and Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Therapy in Oncology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610041, China
| | - Feng Bi
- Division of Abdominal Cancer, Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center and Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Therapy in Oncology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610041, China.
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Wang J, Alhaskawi A, Dong Y, Tian T, Abdalbary SA, Lu H. Advances in spatial multi-omics in tumors. TUMORI JOURNAL 2024:3008916241271458. [PMID: 39185632 DOI: 10.1177/03008916241271458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
Single-cell techniques have convincingly demonstrated that tumor tissue usually contains multiple genetically defined cell subclones with different gene mutation sets as well as various transcriptional profiles, but the spatial heterogeneity of the microenvironment and the macrobiological characteristics of the tumor ecosystem have not been described. For the past few years, spatial multi-omics technologies have revealed the cellular interactions, microenvironment, and even systemic tumor-host interactions in the tumor ecosystem at the spatial level, which can not only improve classical therapies such as surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy but also promote the development of emerging targeted therapies in immunotherapy. Here, we review some emerging spatial omics techniques in cancer research and therapeutic applications and propose prospects for their future development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyan Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ahmad Alhaskawi
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanzhao Dong
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tu Tian
- Department of Plastic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Sahar Ahmed Abdalbary
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Orthopedic Physical Therapy, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Nahda University in Beni Suef, Beni Suef, Egypt
| | - Hui Lu
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Dong H, Wen C, He L, Zhang J, Xiang N, Liang L, Hu L, Li W, Liu J, Shi M, Hu Y, Chen S, Liu H, Yang X. Nilotinib boosts the efficacy of anti-PDL1 therapy in colorectal cancer by restoring the expression of MHC-I. J Transl Med 2024; 22:769. [PMID: 39143573 PMCID: PMC11325812 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05572-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 08/04/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have revolutionized the landscape of cancer treatment, only a minority of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients respond to them. Enhancing tumor immunogenicity by increasing major histocompatibility complex I (MHC-I) surface expression is a promising strategy to boost the antitumor efficacy of ICIs. METHODS Dual luciferase reporter assays were performed to find drug candidates that can increase MHC-I expression. The effect of nilotinib on MHC-I expression was verified by dual luciferase reporter assays, qRT-PCR, flow cytometry and western blotting. The biological functions of nilotinib were evaluated through a series of in vitro and in vivo experiments. Using RNA-seq analysis, immunofluorescence assays, western blotting, flow cytometry, rescue experiments and microarray chip assays, the underlying molecular mechanisms were investigated. RESULTS Nilotinib induces MHC-I expression in CRC cells, enhances CD8+ T-cell cytotoxicity and subsequently enhances the antitumor effects of anti-PDL1 in both microsatellite instability and microsatellite stable models. Mechanistically, nilotinib promotes MHC-I mRNA expression via the cGAS-STING-NF-κB pathway and reduces MHC-I degradation by suppressing PCSK9 expression in CRC cells. PCSK9 may serve as a potential therapeutic target for CRC, with nilotinib potentially targeting PCSK9 to exert anti-CRC effects. CONCLUSION This study reveals a previously unknown role of nilotinib in antitumor immunity by inducing MHC-I expression in CRC cells. Our findings suggest that combining nilotinib with anti-PDL1 therapy may be an effective strategy for the treatment of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Dong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510655, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510655, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510655, Guangdong, China
- Department of General Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510655, Guangdong, China
- Biomedical Innovation Center, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510655, Guangdong, China
| | - Chuangyu Wen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Tenth Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Dongguan, 523059, Guangdong, China.
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.
| | - Lu He
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510655, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510655, Guangdong, China
- Department of General Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510655, Guangdong, China
- Biomedical Innovation Center, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510655, Guangdong, China
- Department of Neurology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510655, Guangdong, China
| | - Jingdan Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510655, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510655, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510655, Guangdong, China
- Department of General Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510655, Guangdong, China
- Biomedical Innovation Center, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510655, Guangdong, China
| | - Nanlin Xiang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510655, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510655, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510655, Guangdong, China
- Department of General Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510655, Guangdong, China
- Biomedical Innovation Center, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510655, Guangdong, China
| | - Liumei Liang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510655, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510655, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510655, Guangdong, China
- Department of General Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510655, Guangdong, China
- Biomedical Innovation Center, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510655, Guangdong, China
| | - Limei Hu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, the People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Weiqian Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510655, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510655, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510655, Guangdong, China
- Department of General Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510655, Guangdong, China
- Biomedical Innovation Center, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510655, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiaqi Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510655, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510655, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510655, Guangdong, China
- Department of General Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510655, Guangdong, China
- Biomedical Innovation Center, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510655, Guangdong, China
| | - Mengchen Shi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510655, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510655, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510655, Guangdong, China
- Department of General Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510655, Guangdong, China
- Biomedical Innovation Center, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510655, Guangdong, China
| | - Yijia Hu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510655, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510655, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510655, Guangdong, China
- Department of General Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510655, Guangdong, China
- Biomedical Innovation Center, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510655, Guangdong, China
| | - Siyu Chen
- Guangdong Laboratory, GuangdongKey Laboratory Animal Lab, Animals Monitoring Institute, Guangzhou, 510633, Guangdong, China
| | - Huanliang Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510655, Guangdong, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510655, Guangdong, China.
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510655, Guangdong, China.
- Department of General Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510655, Guangdong, China.
- Biomedical Innovation Center, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510655, Guangdong, China.
| | - Xiangling Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510655, Guangdong, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510655, Guangdong, China.
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510655, Guangdong, China.
- Department of General Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510655, Guangdong, China.
- Biomedical Innovation Center, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510655, Guangdong, China.
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10
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Ghalali A, Alhamdan F, Upadhyay S, Ganguly K, Larsson K, Palmberg L, Rahman M. Contrasting effects of intracellular and extracellular human PCSK9 on inflammation, lipid alteration and cell death. Commun Biol 2024; 7:985. [PMID: 39138259 PMCID: PMC11322528 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06674-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) is one of the major regulators of low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR). Information on role and regulation of PCSK9 in lung is very limited. Our study focuses on understanding the role and regulation of PCSK9 in the lung. PCSK9 levels are higher in Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of smokers with or without chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD) compared to BALF of nonsmokers. PCSK9-stimulated cells induce proinflammatory cytokines and activation of MAPKp38. PCSK9 transcripts are highly expressed in healthy individuals compared to COPD, pulmonary fibrosis or pulmonary systemic sclerosis. Cigarette smoke extract reduce PCSK9 levels in undifferentiated pulmonary bronchial epithelial cells (PBEC) but induce in differentiated PBEC. PCSK9 inhibition affect biological pathways, induces lipid peroxidation, and higher level of apoptosis in response to staurosporine. Our results suggest that higher levels of PCSK9 in BALF acts as an inflammatory marker. Furthermore, extracellular and intracellular PCSK9 play different roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aram Ghalali
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children Hospital, Harvard Medical school, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Fahd Alhamdan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Cardiac Anesthesia Division, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Swapna Upadhyay
- Unit of Integrative Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Insitutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Koustav Ganguly
- Unit of Integrative Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Insitutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kjell Larsson
- Unit of Integrative Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Insitutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lena Palmberg
- Unit of Integrative Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Insitutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mizanur Rahman
- Unit of Integrative Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Insitutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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11
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Wang B, Hu S, Teng Y, Chen J, Wang H, Xu Y, Wang K, Xu J, Cheng Y, Gao X. Current advance of nanotechnology in diagnosis and treatment for malignant tumors. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:200. [PMID: 39128942 PMCID: PMC11323968 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01889-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer remains a significant risk to human health. Nanomedicine is a new multidisciplinary field that is garnering a lot of interest and investigation. Nanomedicine shows great potential for cancer diagnosis and treatment. Specifically engineered nanoparticles can be employed as contrast agents in cancer diagnostics to enable high sensitivity and high-resolution tumor detection by imaging examinations. Novel approaches for tumor labeling and detection are also made possible by the use of nanoprobes and nanobiosensors. The achievement of targeted medication delivery in cancer therapy can be accomplished through the rational design and manufacture of nanodrug carriers. Nanoparticles have the capability to effectively transport medications or gene fragments to tumor tissues via passive or active targeting processes, thus enhancing treatment outcomes while minimizing harm to healthy tissues. Simultaneously, nanoparticles can be employed in the context of radiation sensitization and photothermal therapy to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of malignant tumors. This review presents a literature overview and summary of how nanotechnology is used in the diagnosis and treatment of malignant tumors. According to oncological diseases originating from different systems of the body and combining the pathophysiological features of cancers at different sites, we review the most recent developments in nanotechnology applications. Finally, we briefly discuss the prospects and challenges of nanotechnology in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilan Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Evidence-based Pharmacy Center, Children's Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P.R. China
| | - Shiqi Hu
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P.R. China
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Development and Related Diseases of Women and Children Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P.R. China
| | - Yan Teng
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, P.R. China
| | - Junli Chen
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Haoyuan Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery and Institute of Neurosurgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yezhen Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery and Institute of Neurosurgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Kaiyu Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery and Institute of Neurosurgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jianguo Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery and Institute of Neurosurgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yongzhong Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery and Institute of Neurosurgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Xiang Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery and Institute of Neurosurgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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12
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Bai T, Xue P, Shao S, Yan S, Zeng X. Cholesterol Depletion-Enhanced Ferroptosis and Immunotherapy via Engineered Nanozyme. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024:e2405826. [PMID: 39120559 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202405826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2024] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
Ferroptosis, an iron- and reactive oxygen species (ROS)-dependent cell death, holds significant promise for tumor therapy due to its ability to induce lipid peroxidation (LPO) and trigger antitumor immune responses. However, elevated cholesterol levels in cancer cells impede ferroptosis and compromise immune function. Here, a novel nanozyme, Fe-MOF/CP, composed of iron metal-organic framework (Fe-MOF) nanoparticles loaded with cholesterol oxidase and PEGylation for integrated ferroptosis and immunotherapy is introduced. Fe-MOF/CP depletes cholesterol and generates hydrogen peroxide, enhancing ROS levels and inducing LPO, thereby promoting ferroptosis. This process disrupts lipid raft integrity and downregulates glutathione peroxidase 4 and ferroptosis suppressor protein 1, further facilitating ferroptosis. Concurrently, Fe-MOF/CP augments immunogenic cell death, reduces programmed death-ligand 1 expression, and revitalizes exhausted CD8+ T cells. In vivo studies demonstrate significant therapeutic efficacy in abscopal, metastasis, and recurrent tumor models, highlighting the robust antitumor immune responses elicited by Fe-MOF/CP. This study underscores the potential of Fe-MOF/CP as a multifunctional therapeutic agent that combines ferroptosis and immunotherapy, offering a promising strategy for effective and durable cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingjie Bai
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Pathogenesis and Interventions of Fujian Province University, Biomedical Research Center of South China, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350117, China
| | - Panpan Xue
- The Straits Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE, Future Technologies), Straits Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (SLoFE), Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350117, China
| | - Sijie Shao
- The Straits Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE, Future Technologies), Straits Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (SLoFE), Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350117, China
| | - Shuangqian Yan
- The Straits Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE, Future Technologies), Straits Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (SLoFE), Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350117, China
| | - Xuemei Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Pathogenesis and Interventions of Fujian Province University, Biomedical Research Center of South China, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350117, China
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13
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Liu W, Zhou H, Lai W, Hu C, Xu R, Gu P, Luo M, Zhang R, Li G. The immunosuppressive landscape in tumor microenvironment. Immunol Res 2024; 72:566-582. [PMID: 38691319 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-024-09483-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Recent advances in cancer immunotherapy, especially immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), have revolutionized the clinical outcome of many cancer patients. Despite the fact that impressive progress has been made in recent decades, the response rate remains unsatisfactory, and many patients do not benefit from ICIs. Herein, we summarized advanced studies and the latest insights on immune inhibitory factors in the tumor microenvironment. Our in-depth discussion and updated landscape of tumor immunosuppressive microenvironment may provide new strategies for reversing tumor immune evasion, enhancing the efficacy of ICIs therapy, and ultimately achieving a better clinical outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wuyi Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, 83 Xinqiao Road, Shapingba, Chongqing, China
| | - Huyue Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, 83 Xinqiao Road, Shapingba, Chongqing, China
| | - Wenjing Lai
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, 83 Xinqiao Road, Shapingba, Chongqing, China
| | - Changpeng Hu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, 83 Xinqiao Road, Shapingba, Chongqing, China
| | - Rufu Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, 83 Xinqiao Road, Shapingba, Chongqing, China
| | - Peng Gu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, 83 Xinqiao Road, Shapingba, Chongqing, China
| | - Menglin Luo
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, 83 Xinqiao Road, Shapingba, Chongqing, China
| | - Rong Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, 83 Xinqiao Road, Shapingba, Chongqing, China.
| | - Guobing Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, 83 Xinqiao Road, Shapingba, Chongqing, China.
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14
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Kounatidis D, Tentolouris N, Vallianou NG, Mourouzis I, Karampela I, Stratigou T, Rebelos E, Kouveletsou M, Stamatopoulos V, Tsaroucha E, Dalamaga M. The Pleiotropic Effects of Lipid-Modifying Interventions: Exploring Traditional and Emerging Hypolipidemic Therapies. Metabolites 2024; 14:388. [PMID: 39057711 PMCID: PMC11278853 DOI: 10.3390/metabo14070388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2024] [Revised: 07/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease poses a significant global health issue, with dyslipidemia standing out as a major risk factor. In recent decades, lipid-lowering therapies have evolved significantly, with statins emerging as the cornerstone treatment. These interventions play a crucial role in both primary and secondary prevention by effectively reducing cardiovascular risk through lipid profile enhancements. Beyond their primary lipid-lowering effects, extensive research indicates that these therapies exhibit pleiotropic actions, offering additional health benefits. These include anti-inflammatory properties, improvements in vascular health and glucose metabolism, and potential implications in cancer management. While statins and ezetimibe have been extensively studied, newer lipid-lowering agents also demonstrate similar pleiotropic effects, even in the absence of direct cardiovascular benefits. This narrative review explores the diverse pleiotropic properties of lipid-modifying therapies, emphasizing their non-lipid effects that contribute to reducing cardiovascular burden and exploring emerging benefits for non-cardiovascular conditions. Mechanistic insights into these actions are discussed alongside their potential therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitris Kounatidis
- Diabetes Center, First Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, Laiko General Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (D.K.); (N.T.); (E.R.); (M.K.)
| | - Nikolaos Tentolouris
- Diabetes Center, First Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, Laiko General Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (D.K.); (N.T.); (E.R.); (M.K.)
| | - Natalia G. Vallianou
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Sismanogleio General Hospital, 15126 Athens, Greece;
| | - Iordanis Mourouzis
- Department of Pharmacology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece;
| | - Irene Karampela
- Second Department of Critical Care, Attikon General University Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece;
| | - Theodora Stratigou
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Evangelismos General Hospital, 10676 Athens, Greece;
| | - Eleni Rebelos
- Diabetes Center, First Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, Laiko General Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (D.K.); (N.T.); (E.R.); (M.K.)
| | - Marina Kouveletsou
- Diabetes Center, First Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, Laiko General Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (D.K.); (N.T.); (E.R.); (M.K.)
| | | | - Eleni Tsaroucha
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Sismanogleio General Hospital, 15126 Athens, Greece;
| | - Maria Dalamaga
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece;
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15
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Xu W, Hu M, Lu X, Lao Y, Ma N, Wang Y, Li J, Chen X, Liu S, Liu J, Zhu W, Yang H. Inhibition of PCSK9 enhances the anti-hepatocellular carcinoma effects of TCR-T cells and anti-PD-1 immunotherapy. Int J Biol Sci 2024; 20:3942-3955. [PMID: 39113701 PMCID: PMC11302870 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.93668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
T cells play important roles in antitumor immunity. However, given that the hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tumor microenvironment confers resistance to T cell-based immunotherapies, novel strategies to boost T cell-mediated antitumor efficacy are urgently needed for the treatment of HCC. Here, we show that high proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type9 (PCSK9) expression was negatively associated with HCC patient's overall survival and markers of CD8+ T cells. Pharmacological inhibition of PCSK9 enhanced tumor-specific killing and downregulated PD-1 expression of AFP-specific TCR-T. Inhibition of PCSK9 significantly enhances the anti-HCC efficacy of TCR-T cells and anti-PD-1 immunotherapy in vivo. Moreover, PCSK9 inhibitor suppressed HCC growth dependent on CD8+ T cells. Mechanically, pharmacological inhibition of PCSK9 promoted low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR)-mediated activation of mTORC1 signaling in CD8+ T cells. LDLR deficiency was shown to impair cellular mTORC1 signaling and the anti-HCC function of CD8 T cells. On the basis of our findings in this study, we propose a potential metabolic intervention strategy that could be used to enhance the antitumor effects of immunotherapy for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weikang Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510220, China
| | - Minli Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510220, China
| | - Xinyu Lu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research; Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases Research in South China, Ministry of Education; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research; Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Viral Hepatitis; Guangdong Institute of Hepatology. Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Yueqiong Lao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510220, China
| | - Na Ma
- Department of Pathology, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan 528000, China
| | - Yiyue Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research; Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases Research in South China, Ministry of Education; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research; Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Viral Hepatitis; Guangdong Institute of Hepatology. Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510220, China
| | - Xingyuan Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510220, China
| | - Shiming Liu
- Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510220, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510220, China
| | - Wei Zhu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research; Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases Research in South China, Ministry of Education; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research; Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Viral Hepatitis; Guangdong Institute of Hepatology. Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Hui Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510220, China
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16
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Hsu CY, Abdulrahim MN, Mustafa MA, Omar TM, Balto F, Pineda I, Khudair TT, Ubaid M, Ali MS. The multifaceted role of PCSK9 in cancer pathogenesis, tumor immunity, and immunotherapy. Med Oncol 2024; 41:202. [PMID: 39008137 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-024-02435-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9), a well-known regulator of cholesterol metabolism and cardiovascular diseases, has recently garnered attention for its emerging involvement in cancer biology. The multifunctional nature of PCSK9 extends beyond lipid regulation and encompasses a wide range of cellular processes that can influence cancer progression. Studies have revealed that PCSK9 can modulate signaling pathways, such as PI3K/Akt, MAPK, and Wnt/β-catenin, thereby influencing cellular proliferation, survival, and angiogenesis. Additionally, the interplay between PCSK9 and cholesterol homeostasis may impact membrane dynamics and cellular migration, further influencing tumor aggressiveness. The central role of the immune system in monitoring and controlling cancer is increasingly recognized. Recent research has demonstrated the ability of PCSK9 to modulate immune responses through interactions with immune cells and components of the tumor microenvironment. This includes effects on dendritic cell maturation, T cell activation, and cytokine production, suggesting a role in shaping antitumor immune responses. Moreover, the potential influence of PCSK9 on immune checkpoints such as PD1/PD-L1 lends an additional layer of complexity to its immunomodulatory functions. The growing interest in cancer immunotherapy has prompted exploration into the potential of targeting PCSK9 for therapeutic benefits. Preclinical studies have demonstrated synergistic effects between PCSK9 inhibitors and established immunotherapies, offering a novel avenue for combination treatments. The strategic manipulation of PCSK9 to enhance tumor immunity and improve therapeutic outcomes presents an exciting area for further investigations. Understanding the mechanisms by which PCSK9 influences cancer biology and immunity holds promise for the development of novel immunotherapeutic approaches. This review aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the intricate connections between PCSK9, cancer pathogenesis, tumor immunity, and the potential implications for immunotherapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chou-Yi Hsu
- Department of Pharmacy, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan City, 71710, Taiwan.
- Thunderbird School of Global Management, Arizona State University Tempe Campus, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA.
| | | | - Mohammed Ahmed Mustafa
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Imam Jaafar AL-Sadiq University, Baghdad, Iraq
- Department of Pathological Analyzes, College of Applied Sciences, University of Samarra, Samarra, Iraq
| | - Thabit Moath Omar
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technics, Al-Noor University College, Nineveh, Iraq
| | - Franklin Balto
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetics, Jain (Deemed-to-be) University, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560069, India
- Department of Allied Healthcare and Sciences, Vivekananda Global University, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 303012, India
| | - Indira Pineda
- School of Basic & Applied Sciences, Shobhit University, Gangoh, Uttar Pradesh, 247341, India
- Department of Health & Allied Sciences, Arka Jain University, Jamshedpur, Jharkhand, 831001, India
| | - Teeba Thamer Khudair
- College of Nursing, National University of Science and Technology, Dhi Qar, Iraq
| | - Mohammed Ubaid
- Medical Technical College, Al-Farahidi University, Baghdad, Iraq
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Zhou X, Wang G, Tian C, Du L, Prochownik EV, Li Y. Inhibition of DUSP18 impairs cholesterol biosynthesis and promotes anti-tumor immunity in colorectal cancer. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5851. [PMID: 38992029 PMCID: PMC11239938 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50138-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Tumor cells reprogram their metabolism to produce specialized metabolites that both fuel their own growth and license tumor immune evasion. However, the relationships between these functions remain poorly understood. Here, we report CRISPR screens in a mouse model of colo-rectal cancer (CRC) that implicates the dual specificity phosphatase 18 (DUSP18) in the establishment of tumor-directed immune evasion. Dusp18 inhibition reduces CRC growth rates, which correlate with high levels of CD8+ T cell activation. Mechanistically, DUSP18 dephosphorylates and stabilizes the USF1 bHLH-ZIP transcription factor. In turn, USF1 induces the SREBF2 gene, which allows cells to accumulate the cholesterol biosynthesis intermediate lanosterol and release it into the tumor microenvironment (TME). There, lanosterol uptake by CD8+ T cells suppresses the mevalonate pathway and reduces KRAS protein prenylation and function, which in turn inhibits their activation and establishes a molecular basis for tumor cell immune escape. Finally, the combination of an anti-PD-1 antibody and Lumacaftor, an FDA-approved small molecule inhibitor of DUSP18, inhibits CRC growth in mice and synergistically enhances anti-tumor immunity. Collectively, our findings support the idea that a combination of immune checkpoint and metabolic blockade represents a rationally-designed, mechanistically-based and potential therapy for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Zhou
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, China
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Medical Research Institute, TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430071, China
| | - Genxin Wang
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, China
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Medical Research Institute, TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430071, China
| | - Chenhui Tian
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, China
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Medical Research Institute, TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430071, China
| | - Lin Du
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, China
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Medical Research Institute, TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430071, China
| | - Edward V Prochownik
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA, 15224, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics of UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA, 15224, USA
- The Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, The Hillman Cancer Institute of UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA, 15224, USA
| | - Youjun Li
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, China.
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Medical Research Institute, TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430071, China.
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Gao X, Yi L, Fu S, Lu Z, Wang J, Zhang S. Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin/Kexin Type 9 (PCSK9) Is Associated With Recurrence and Survival of Resectable Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC): A Retrospective Study. J Surg Res 2024; 301:231-239. [PMID: 38968924 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2024.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Curative lung resection remains the key therapeutic strategy for early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, a proportion of patients still experience variable outcomes and eventually develop recurrence or die from their disease. Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) has been identified as a deleterious factor that inhibits tumor cells apoptosis and leads to reduction of lymphocyte infiltration. However, there has been no research on the predicted role of PCSK9 as an immunohistochemical biomarker with survival in resectable NSCLC. METHODS One hundred sixty-three patients with resectable NSCLC were retrospectively reviewed, and PCSK9 expression of resected NSCLC was analyzed by immunohistochemistry using tissue microarrays. RESULTS PCSK9 was associated with recurrence (42.1% relapsed in the PCSK9lo group versus 57.9% relapsed in the PCSK9hi group, P = 0.006) and survival status (39.6% dead in PCSK9lo group versus 60.4% dead in PCSK9hi group, P = 0.004) in patients with resectable NSCLC. Moreover, resectable NSCLC patients with higher PCSK9 expression in tumor tissue experienced poorer disease-free survival (median disease-free survival: 10.5 versus 25.2 mo, hazard ratio = 1.620, 95% confidence interval: 1.124-2.334) and overall suvrival (median overall suvrival: 20.0 versus 54.1 mo, hazard ratio = 1.646, 95% confidence interval: 1.101-2.461) compared to those with lower PCSK9 expression. CONCLUSIONS High PCSK9 expression of tumor was correlated with recurrence and worse survival status of resectable NSCLC in our retrospective study, which indicated that PCSK9 in NSCLC may be an immunohistochemical biomarker of poor prognosis for patients with resectable NSCLC. Further large-scale prospective studies are warranted to establish these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Gao
- Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute/Beijing Chest Hospital, Cancer Research Center, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute/Beijing Chest Hospital, Department of Endoscopic Diagnosis and Treatment, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ling Yi
- Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute/Beijing Chest Hospital, Cancer Research Center, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Siyun Fu
- Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute/Beijing Chest Hospital, Cancer Research Center, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute/Beijing Chest Hospital, Department of Medical Oncology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhendong Lu
- Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute/Beijing Chest Hospital, Cancer Research Center, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute/Beijing Chest Hospital, Department of Medical Oncology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jinghui Wang
- Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute/Beijing Chest Hospital, Cancer Research Center, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute/Beijing Chest Hospital, Department of Medical Oncology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Shucai Zhang
- Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute/Beijing Chest Hospital, Department of Medical Oncology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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19
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Liu SS, Yu T, Qiao YF, Gu SX, Chai XL. Research on Hepatocyte Regulation of PCSK9-LDLR and Its Related Drug Targets. Chin J Integr Med 2024; 30:664-672. [PMID: 36913119 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-023-3545-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of hyperlipidemia has increased significantly due to genetic, dietary, nutritional and pharmacological factors, and has become one of the most common pathological conditions in humans. Hyperlipidemia can lead to a range of diseases such as atherosclerosis, stroke, coronary heart disease, myocardial infarction, diabetes, and kidney failure, etc. High circulating low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) is one of the causes of hyperlipidemia. LDL-C in the blood binds to LDL receptor (LDLR) and regulates cholesterol homeostasis through endocytosis. In contrast, proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) mediates LDLR degradation via the intracellular and extracellular pathways, leading to hyperlipidemia. Targeting PCSK9-synthesizing transcription factors and downstream molecules are important for development of new lipid-lowering drugs. Clinical trials regarding PCSK9 inhibitors have demonstrated a reduction in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease events. The purpose of this review was to explore the target and mechanism of intracellular and extracellular pathways in degradation of LDLR and related drugs by PCSK9 in order to open up a new pathway for the development of new lipid-lowering drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Su Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102401, China
| | - Tong Yu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102401, China
| | - Yan-Fang Qiao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102401, China
| | - Shu-Xiao Gu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102401, China
| | - Xin-Lou Chai
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102401, China.
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20
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Sloot R, Breskin A, Colantonio LD, Allmon AG, Yu Y, Sakhuja S, Chen L, Muntner P, Brookhart MA, Dhalwani N. Comparing PCSK9 Monoclonal Antibody Treatment Strategies Following Myocardial Infarction Using Negative Control Outcomes: A Target Trial Emulation Study. Epidemiology 2024; 35:579-588. [PMID: 38629975 PMCID: PMC11191559 DOI: 10.1097/ede.0000000000001730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Initiation of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 monoclonal antibody (PCSK9 mAb) for lipid-lowering following myocardial infarction (MI) is likely affected by patients' prognostic factors, potentially leading to bias when comparing real-world treatment effects. METHODS Using target-trial emulation, we assessed potential confounding when comparing two treatment strategies post-MI: initiation of PCSK9 mAb within 1 year and no initiation of PCSK9 mAb. We identified MI hospitalizations during July 2015-June 2020 for patients aged ≥18 years in Optum's de-identified Clinformatics Data Mart (CDM) and MarketScan, and those aged ≥66 in the US Medicare claims database. We estimated a 3-year counterfactual cumulative risk and risk difference (RD) for 10 negative control outcomes using the clone-censor-weight approach to address time-varying confounding and immortal person-time. RESULTS PCSK9 mAb initiation within 1-year post-MI was low (0.7% in MarketScan and 0.4% in both CDM and Medicare databases). In CDM, there was a lower risk for cancer (RD = -3.6% [95% CI: -4.3%, -2.9%]), decubitus ulcer (RD = -7.7% [95% CI: -11.8%, -3.7%]), fracture (RD = -8.1% [95% CI: -9.6%, -6.6%]), influenza vaccine (RD = -9.3% [95% CI: -17.5%, -1.1%]), and visual test (RD = -0.6% [95% CI: -0.7%, -0.6%]) under the PCSK9 mAb initiation versus no initiation strategy. Similar differences persisted in the MarketScan and Medicare databases. In each database, ezetimibe and low-density lipoprotein testing were unbalanced between treatment strategies. CONCLUSION A comparative effectiveness study of these treatments using the current approach would likely bias results due to the low number of PCSK9 mAb initiators.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alexander Breskin
- Target RWE, Inc., Durham, NC
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | | | | | - Ying Yu
- Target RWE, Inc., Durham, NC
| | - Swati Sakhuja
- Center for Observational Research, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA
| | - Ligong Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Paul Muntner
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - M. Alan Brookhart
- Target RWE, Inc., Durham, NC
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC
| | - Nafeesa Dhalwani
- Center for Observational Research, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA
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21
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Cao Zhang AM, Ziogos E, Harb T, Gerstenblith G, Leucker TM. Emerging clinical role of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 inhibition-Part one: Pleiotropic pro-atherosclerotic effects of PCSK9. Eur J Clin Invest 2024:e14273. [PMID: 38922860 DOI: 10.1111/eci.14273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) is primarily recognized for its role in lipid metabolism, but recent evidence suggests that it may have broader implications due to its diverse tissue expression. OBJECTIVE This review aims to explore the multifaceted functions of PCSK9, highlighting its pro-atherosclerotic effects, including its impact on circulating lipoprotein variables, non-low-density lipoprotein receptors, and various cell types involved in atherosclerotic plaque development. CONCLUSIONS PCSK9 exhibits diverse roles beyond lipid metabolism, potentially contributing to atherosclerosis through multiple pathways. Understanding these mechanisms could offer new insights into therapeutic strategies targeting PCSK9 for cardiovascular disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander M Cao Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Efthymios Ziogos
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Tarek Harb
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Gary Gerstenblith
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Thorsten M Leucker
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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22
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Yang B, Wang H, Song W, Feng J, Hou S. Lipid-lowering medications and risk of malignant melanoma: a Mendelian randomization study. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1408972. [PMID: 38974243 PMCID: PMC11224289 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1408972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The relationship between blood lipids, lipid-modifying medications, and cancer risk has been under investigation for some time. Recent studies suggest that lipid-lowering medications might influence melanoma outcomes, though findings remain controversial. Our study aims to clarify the potential causal relationship between lipid-lowering drugs commonly used and melanoma incidence through a comprehensive Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis. Methods Genetic variations within an LDL-related drug target gene (LDL-cholesterol from a genome-wide association study) served as proxies for exposure to lipid-lowering drugs. We conducted a two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis using inverse variance weighting (IVW), MR-Egger, and weighted median approaches. The MR-PRESSO test and pleiotropy_test were utilized to identify and adjust for horizontal pleiotropy. Stability and reliability of the Mendelian randomization findings were assessed using the leave-one-out method, Cochran's Q test, and funnel plot analysis. Odds ratios (OR) were employed to evaluate the causal relationship between genetic proxies of lipid-lowering drugs and melanoma risk. Results IVW analysis revealed that HMGCR gene expression is linked to a decreased risk of melanoma [OR: 0.624(0.439-0.888); p = 0.008]. Conversely, PCSK9 gene expression is tied to an elevated risk of melanoma [OR: 1.233(1.026-1.484); p = 0.025]. No significant association was observed between NPC1L1 and melanoma. Conclusions HMGCR inhibitors (statins) may increase melanoma risk, while PCSK9 inhibitors (evolocumab, alirocumab) could potentially decrease melanoma risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- BoWen Yang
- Oncology, Dongguan Hospital of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dongguan, Guangdong, China
- Graduate School of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - HanYu Wang
- Clinical Medical College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - WenYuan Song
- Oncology, Dongguan Hospital of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dongguan, Guangdong, China
- Graduate School of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - JiuHuan Feng
- Oncology, Dongguan Hospital of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dongguan, Guangdong, China
| | - ShuFang Hou
- Oncology, Dongguan Hospital of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dongguan, Guangdong, China
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23
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Jiang Y, Li H. The effect of smoking on tumor immunoediting: Friend or foe? Tob Induc Dis 2024; 22:TID-22-108. [PMID: 38887597 PMCID: PMC11181014 DOI: 10.18332/tid/189302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The recognition of smoking as an independent risk factor for lung cancer has become a widely accepted within the realm of respiratory medicine. The emergence of tumor immunotherapy has notably enhanced the prognosis for numerous late-stage cancer patients. Nevertheless, some studies have noted a tendency for lung cancer patients who smoke to derive greater benefit from immunotherapy. This observation has sparked increased interest in the interaction between smoking and the immune response to tumors in lung cancer. The concept of cancer immunoediting has shed light on the intricate and nuanced relationship between the immune system and tumors. Starting from the perspectives of immune surveillance, immune equilibrium, and immune evasion, this narrative review explores how smoking undermines the immune response against tumor cells and induces the generation of tumor neoantigens, and examines other behaviors that trigger tumor immune evasion. By elucidating these aspects, the review concludes that smoking is not conducive to tumor immunoediting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixia Jiang
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hequan Li
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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24
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Iyer K, Ivanov J, Tenchov R, Ralhan K, Rodriguez Y, Sasso JM, Scott S, Zhou QA. Emerging Targets and Therapeutics in Immuno-Oncology: Insights from Landscape Analysis. J Med Chem 2024; 67:8519-8544. [PMID: 38787632 PMCID: PMC11181335 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.4c00568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
In the ever-evolving landscape of cancer research, immuno-oncology stands as a beacon of hope, offering novel avenues for treatment. This study capitalizes on the vast repository of immuno-oncology-related scientific documents within the CAS Content Collection, totaling over 350,000, encompassing journals and patents. Through a pioneering approach melding natural language processing with the CAS indexing system, we unveil over 300 emerging concepts, depicted in a comprehensive "Trend Landscape Map". These concepts, spanning therapeutic targets, biomarkers, and types of cancers among others, are hierarchically organized into eight major categories. Delving deeper, our analysis furnishes detailed quantitative metrics showcasing growth trends over the past three years. Our findings not only provide valuable insights for guiding future research endeavors but also underscore the merit of tapping the vast and unparalleled breadth of existing scientific information to derive profound insights.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Julian Ivanov
- CAS,
A Division of the American Chemical Society, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Rumiana Tenchov
- CAS,
A Division of the American Chemical Society, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | | | - Yacidzohara Rodriguez
- CAS,
A Division of the American Chemical Society, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Janet M. Sasso
- CAS,
A Division of the American Chemical Society, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Sabina Scott
- CAS,
A Division of the American Chemical Society, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
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25
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Liu C, Ruan Y, Huang R, Fang L, Wu T, Lv Y, Cui L, Liao Y, Wang B, Chen Z, Su D, Ma Y, Han S, Guan X, Cui J, Yao Y, Wang Y, Wang M, Liu R, Zhang Y. Efficacy and safety of immune checkpoint inhibitors in solid tumor patients combined with chronic coronary syndromes or its risk factor: a nationwide multicenter cohort study. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2024; 73:159. [PMID: 38850359 PMCID: PMC11162406 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-024-03747-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have been widely applied in the therapy of malignant tumors, the efficacy and safety of ICIs in patients with tumors and pre-existing CAD, especially chronic coronary syndromes (CCS) or their risk factors (CRF), is not well identified. METHODS This was a nationwide multicenter observational study that enrolled participants who diagnosed with solid tumors and received ICIs therapy. The main efficacy indicators were progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS), followed by objective response rate (ORR) and disease control rate (DCR). Safety was assessed by describing treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs) during ICIs therapy evaluated by the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events 5.0 (CTCAE 5.0). RESULTS In the current research, we retrospectively analyzed the data of 551 patients diagnosed with solid tumors and received ICIs therapy, and these patients were divided into CCS/CRF group and non-CCS/CRF group. Patients with CCS/CRF had more favorable PFS and OS than patients without CCS/CRF (P < 0.001) and the pre-existing CCS/CRF was a protective factor for survival. The ORR (51.8% vs. 39.1%) and DCR (95.8% vs. 89.2%) were higher in CCS/CRF group than in non-CCS/CRF group (P = 0.003, P = 0.006). In this study, there was no significant difference in treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs), including immune-related adverse events (irAEs), between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS We concluded that ICIs appear to have better efficacy in malignant solid tumor patients with pre-existing CCS/CRF and are not accompanied by more serious irAEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
- Clinical Research Center for Colorectal Cancer in Heilongjiang, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology in Heilongjiang, Harbin, China
| | - Yuli Ruan
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
- Clinical Research Center for Colorectal Cancer in Heilongjiang, Harbin, China
| | - Rui Huang
- Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Shangluo Central Hospital, Shangluo, China
| | - Lin Fang
- Phase I Clinical Research Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Tong Wu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
- Clinical Research Center for Colorectal Cancer in Heilongjiang, Harbin, China
| | - Ying Lv
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Luying Cui
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology in Heilongjiang, Harbin, China
| | - Yuanyu Liao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology in Heilongjiang, Harbin, China
| | - Bojun Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
- Clinical Research Center for Colorectal Cancer in Heilongjiang, Harbin, China
| | - Zhuo Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
- Clinical Research Center for Colorectal Cancer in Heilongjiang, Harbin, China
| | - Dan Su
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
- Clinical Research Center for Colorectal Cancer in Heilongjiang, Harbin, China
| | - Yue Ma
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
- Clinical Research Center for Colorectal Cancer in Heilongjiang, Harbin, China
| | - Shuling Han
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
- Clinical Research Center for Colorectal Cancer in Heilongjiang, Harbin, China
| | - Xin Guan
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
- Clinical Research Center for Colorectal Cancer in Heilongjiang, Harbin, China
| | - Jie Cui
- Department of Oncology, Daqing Oilfield General Hospital, Daqing, China
| | - Yang Yao
- Department of Oncology Medicine, Central People's Hospital of Zhanjiang, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Yao Wang
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Unit 2, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Mengmeng Wang
- The Second Department of Oncology, Beidahuang Industry Group General Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Ruiqi Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Yanqiao Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China.
- Clinical Research Center for Colorectal Cancer in Heilongjiang, Harbin, China.
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology in Heilongjiang, Harbin, China.
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26
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Shi L, Liu X, Li E, Zhang S, Zhou A. Association of lipid-lowering drugs with gut microbiota: A Mendelian randomization study. J Clin Lipidol 2024:S1933-2874(24)00187-9. [PMID: 38971663 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacl.2024.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The gut microbiota can be influenced by lipid metabolism. We aimed to evaluate the impact of lipid-lowering medications, such as proproteinconvertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibitors, Niemann-Pick C1-like protein (NPC1L1) inhibitors, and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMGCR) inhibitors, on gut microbiota through drug target Mendelian randomization (MR) investigation. METHODS We used genetic variants that were associated with low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) in genome-wide association studies and located within or near drug target genes as proxies for lipid-lowering drug exposure. In addition, expression trait loci in drug target genes were used as complementary genetic tools. We used effect estimates calculated using inverse variance weighted MR (IVW-MR) and summary data-based MR (SMR). Multiple sensitivity analyses were performed. RESULTS Genetic proxies for lipid-lowering drugs broadly affected the abundance of gut microbiota. High expression of NPC1L1 was significantly associated with an increase in the genus Eggerthella (β = 1.357, SE = 0.337, P = 5.615 × 10-5). An HMGCR-mediated increase in LDL-C was significantly associated with the order Pasteurellales (β = 0.489, SE = 0.123, P = 6.955 × 10-5) and the genus Haemophilus (β = 0.491, SE = 0.125, P = 8.379 × 10-5), whereas a PCSK9-mediated increase in LDL-C was associated with the genus Terrisporobacter (β = 0.666, SE = 0.127, P = 1.649 × 10-5). No pleiotropy was detected. CONCLUSIONS This drug target MR highlighted the potential interventional effects of lipid-lowering drugs on the gut microbiota and separately revealed the possible effects of different types of lipid-lowering drugs on specific gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lubo Shi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing Digestive Disease Center, Beijing, PR China (Drs Shi, Zhang, Zhou)
| | - Xiaoduo Liu
- Department of Neurology & Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders , Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Neurological Disorders, Beijing, PR China (Dr Liu)
| | - Enze Li
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing, PR China (Dr Li)
| | - Shutian Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing Digestive Disease Center, Beijing, PR China (Drs Shi, Zhang, Zhou).
| | - Anni Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing Digestive Disease Center, Beijing, PR China (Drs Shi, Zhang, Zhou).
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Li Y, Chen Y, Zhao C, Yang Y, Zhang M, Cheng H, Li Q, Wang M. Arenobufagin modulation of PCSK9-mediated cholesterol metabolism induces tumor-associated macrophages polarisation to inhibit hepatocellular carcinoma progression. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 128:155532. [PMID: 38493722 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The tumor microenvironment (TME) of hepatocellular carcinoma is heterogeneous enough to be prone to drug resistance and multidrug resistance during treatment, and reprogramming of cholesterol metabolism in TME mediates tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) polarization, which has an impact on the regulation of malignant tumor progression. Arenobufagin (ARBU) was extracted and isolated from toad venom (purity ≥98 %), which is the main active ingredient of the traditional Chinese medicine Chan'su with good anti-tumor effects. PURPOSE To investigate the regulatory effect of ARBU on lipid metabolism in tumor microenvironment, interfere with macrophage polarization, and determine its mechanism of action on liver cancer progression. METHODS In this study, the inhibitory effect of ARBU on the proliferation of Hepa1-6 in C57 mice and the safety of administration were evaluated by establishing a transplanted tumor model of Hepa1-6 hepatocellular carcinoma mice and using 5-FU as a positive control drug. In addition, we constructed a co-culture system of Hepa1-6 cells and primary mouse macrophages to study the effects of ARBU on the polarization phenotypic transformation of macrophages and the proliferation and migration of hepatoma cells. The influence of ARBU on the metabolism of lipids in the hepatocellular carcinoma mouse model was investigated by combining it with lipidomics technology. The influence of ARBU on the PCSK9/LDL-R signaling pathway and macrophage polarization, which regulate cholesterol metabolism, was tested by using qRT-PCR, gene editing, IF, and WB. CONCLUSION ARBU significantly inhibited the proliferation of Hepa1-6 in vivo and in vitro, regulated cholesterol metabolism, and promoted the M1-type polarization of macrophages in the tumor microenvironment. ARBU inhibits cholesterol synthesis in the TME through the PCSK9/LDL-R signaling pathway, thereby blocking macrophage M2 polarization, promoting apoptosis of the tumor cells, and inhibiting their proliferation and migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueyue Li
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of R&D of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 103 Meishan Road, Shushan District, Hefei City, Anhui Province 230038, China
| | - Yang Chen
- Oncology Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei City, Anhui Province 230022, China
| | - Cheng Zhao
- Anqing Petrochemical Hospital of Nanjing Gulou Hospital Group, Medical Oncology, Anqing City, Anhui Province 264000, China
| | - Yuting Yang
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of R&D of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 103 Meishan Road, Shushan District, Hefei City, Anhui Province 230038, China
| | - Mei Zhang
- Oncology Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei City, Anhui Province 230022, China
| | - Hui Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of R&D of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 103 Meishan Road, Shushan District, Hefei City, Anhui Province 230038, China
| | - Qinglin Li
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of R&D of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 103 Meishan Road, Shushan District, Hefei City, Anhui Province 230038, China.
| | - Meng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of R&D of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 103 Meishan Road, Shushan District, Hefei City, Anhui Province 230038, China.
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Li J, Yang Z, Wang T, Li M, Wu X, Fu X, Yang C, Li Y, Wang X, Lan Z, Li M, Chen S. Causal relationship between lipid-lowering drugs and ovarian cancer, cervical cancer: a drug target mendelian randomization study. BMC Cancer 2024; 24:667. [PMID: 38822303 PMCID: PMC11143665 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-024-12434-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The causal impact of lipid-lowering drugs on ovarian cancer (OC) and cervical cancer (CC) has received considerable attention, but its causal relationship is still a subject of debate. Hence, the objective of this study is to evaluate the impact of lipid-lowering medications on the occurrence risk of OC and CC through Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis of drug targets. METHODS This investigation concentrated on the primary targets of lipid-lowering medications, specifically, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase (HMGCR) and proprotein convertase kexin 9 (PCSK9). Genetic variations associated with HMGCR and PCSK9 were derived from published genome-wide association study (GWAS) findings to serve as substitutes for HMGCR and PCSK9 inhibitors. Employing a MR approach, an analysis was conducted to scrutinize the impact of inhibitors targeting HMGCR and PCSK9 on the occurrence of OC and CC. Coronary heart disease (CHD) risk was utilized as a positive control, and the primary outcomes encompassed OC and CC. RESULTS The findings of the study suggest a notable elevation in the risk of OC among patients treated with HMGCR inhibitors (OR [95%CI] = 1.815 [1.316, 2.315], p = 0.019). In contrast, no significant correlation was observed between PCSK9 inhibitors and the occurrence of OC. Additionally, the analysis did not reveal any noteworthy connection between HMGCR inhibitors, PCSK9 inhibitors, and CC. CONCLUSION HMGCR inhibitors significantly elevate the risk of OC in patients, but their mechanism needs further investigation, and no influence of PCSK9 inhibitors on OC has been observed. There is no significant relationship between HMGCR inhibitors, PCSK9 inhibitors, and CC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinshuai Li
- The fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518033, China
- Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518033, China
| | - Zixian Yang
- Jinan University School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, China
| | - Tao Wang
- The fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518033, China
- Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518033, China
| | - Mengqi Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Xiangjian Wu
- The fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518033, China
- Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518033, China
| | - Xiaoyan Fu
- The fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518033, China
- Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518033, China
| | - Chunfeng Yang
- The fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518033, China
- Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518033, China
| | - Yangpu Li
- The fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518033, China
- Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518033, China
| | - Ximing Wang
- The fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518033, China
- Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518033, China
| | - Zhiming Lan
- The fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518033, China
- Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518033, China
| | - Minfang Li
- The fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518033, China
- Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518033, China
| | - Sheng Chen
- The fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518033, China.
- Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518033, China.
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Mikaeeli S, Ben Djoudi Ouadda A, Evagelidis A, Essalmani R, Ramos OHP, Fruchart-Gaillard C, Seidah NG. Insights into PCSK9-LDLR Regulation and Trafficking via the Differential Functions of MHC-I Proteins HFE and HLA-C. Cells 2024; 13:857. [PMID: 38786080 PMCID: PMC11119474 DOI: 10.3390/cells13100857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
PCSK9 is implicated in familial hypercholesterolemia via targeting the cell surface PCSK9-LDLR complex toward lysosomal degradation. The M2 repeat in the PCSK9's C-terminal domain is essential for its extracellular function, potentially through its interaction with an unidentified "protein X". The M2 repeat was recently shown to bind an R-x-E motif in MHC-class-I proteins (implicated in the immune system), like HLA-C, and causing their lysosomal degradation. These findings suggested a new role of PCSK9 in the immune system and that HLA-like proteins could be "protein X" candidates. However, the participation of each member of the MHC-I protein family in this process and their regulation of PCSK9's function have yet to be determined. Herein, we compared the implication of MHC-I-like proteins such as HFE (involved in iron homeostasis) and HLA-C on the extracellular function of PCSK9. Our data revealed that the M2 domain regulates the intracellular sorting of the PCSK9-LDLR complex to lysosomes, and that HFE is a new target of PCSK9 that inhibits its activity on the LDLR, whereas HLA-C enhances its function. This work suggests the potential modulation of PCSK9's functions through interactions of HFE and HLA-C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sepideh Mikaeeli
- Laboratory of Biochemical Neuroendocrinology, Montreal Clinical Research Institute (IRCM), University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H2W 1R7, Canada; (S.M.); (A.B.D.O.); (A.E.); (R.E.)
| | - Ali Ben Djoudi Ouadda
- Laboratory of Biochemical Neuroendocrinology, Montreal Clinical Research Institute (IRCM), University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H2W 1R7, Canada; (S.M.); (A.B.D.O.); (A.E.); (R.E.)
| | - Alexandra Evagelidis
- Laboratory of Biochemical Neuroendocrinology, Montreal Clinical Research Institute (IRCM), University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H2W 1R7, Canada; (S.M.); (A.B.D.O.); (A.E.); (R.E.)
| | - Rachid Essalmani
- Laboratory of Biochemical Neuroendocrinology, Montreal Clinical Research Institute (IRCM), University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H2W 1R7, Canada; (S.M.); (A.B.D.O.); (A.E.); (R.E.)
| | - Oscar Henrique Pereira Ramos
- Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, SIMoS, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France; (O.H.P.R.); (C.F.-G.)
| | - Carole Fruchart-Gaillard
- Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, SIMoS, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France; (O.H.P.R.); (C.F.-G.)
| | - Nabil G. Seidah
- Laboratory of Biochemical Neuroendocrinology, Montreal Clinical Research Institute (IRCM), University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H2W 1R7, Canada; (S.M.); (A.B.D.O.); (A.E.); (R.E.)
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Plebanek MP, Xue Y, Nguyen YV, DeVito NC, Wang X, Holtzhausen A, Beasley GM, Theivanthiran B, Hanks BA. A lactate-SREBP2 signaling axis drives tolerogenic dendritic cell maturation and promotes cancer progression. Sci Immunol 2024; 9:eadi4191. [PMID: 38728412 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.adi4191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Conventional dendritic cells (DCs) are essential mediators of antitumor immunity. As a result, cancers have developed poorly understood mechanisms to render DCs dysfunctional within the tumor microenvironment (TME). After identification of CD63 as a specific surface marker, we demonstrate that mature regulatory DCs (mregDCs) migrate to tumor-draining lymph node tissues and suppress DC antigen cross-presentation in trans while promoting T helper 2 and regulatory T cell differentiation. Transcriptional and metabolic studies showed that mregDC functionality is dependent on the mevalonate biosynthetic pathway and its master transcription factor, SREBP2. We found that melanoma-derived lactate activates SREBP2 in tumor DCs and drives conventional DC transformation into mregDCs via homeostatic or tolerogenic maturation. DC-specific genetic silencing and pharmacologic inhibition of SREBP2 promoted antitumor CD8+ T cell activation and suppressed melanoma progression. CD63+ mregDCs were found to reside within the lymph nodes of several preclinical tumor models and in the sentinel lymph nodes of patients with melanoma. Collectively, this work suggests that a tumor lactate-stimulated SREBP2-dependent program promotes CD63+ mregDC development and function while serving as a promising therapeutic target for overcoming immune tolerance in the TME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael P Plebanek
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Yue Xue
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Y-Van Nguyen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Nicholas C DeVito
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Xueying Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Alisha Holtzhausen
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Georgia M Beasley
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Balamayooran Theivanthiran
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Brent A Hanks
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
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Zhong P, Nakata K, Oyama K, Higashijima N, Sagara A, Date S, Luo H, Hayashi M, Kubo A, Wu C, He S, Yamamoto T, Koikawa K, Iwamoto C, Abe T, Ikenaga N, Ohuchida K, Morisaki T, Oda Y, Kuba K, Nakamura M. Blockade of histamine receptor H1 augments immune checkpoint therapy by enhancing MHC-I expression in pancreatic cancer cells. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2024; 43:138. [PMID: 38715057 PMCID: PMC11077718 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-024-03060-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy has proven to be extremely effective at managing certain cancers, its efficacy in treating pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has been limited. Therefore, enhancing the effect of ICB could improve the prognosis of PDAC. In this study, we focused on the histamine receptor H1 (HRH1) and investigated its impact on ICB therapy for PDAC. METHODS We assessed HRH1 expression in pancreatic cancer cell (PCC) specimens from PDAC patients through public data analysis and immunohistochemical (IHC) staining. The impact of HRH1 in PCCs was evaluated using HRH1 antagonists and small hairpin RNA (shRNA). Techniques including Western blot, flow cytometry, quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and microarray analyses were performed to identify the relationships between HRH1 and major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I) expression in cancer cells. We combined HRH1 antagonism or knockdown with anti-programmed death receptor 1 (αPD-1) therapy in orthotopic models, employing IHC, immunofluorescence, and hematoxylin and eosin staining for assessment. RESULTS HRH1 expression in cancer cells was negatively correlated with HLA-ABC expression, CD8+ T cells, and cytotoxic CD8+ T cells. Our findings indicate that HRH1 blockade upregulates MHC-I expression in PCCs via cholesterol biosynthesis signaling. In the orthotopic model, the combined inhibition of HRH1 and αPD-1 blockade enhanced cytotoxic CD8+ T cell penetration and efficacy, overcoming resistance to ICB therapy. CONCLUSIONS HRH1 plays an immunosuppressive role in cancer cells. Consequently, HRH1 intervention may be a promising method to amplify the responsiveness of PDAC to immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- PingShan Zhong
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Kohei Nakata
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.
- Department of Diagnostics and Therapeutics Endoscopy, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.
- Department of Overseas Exchange Center, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.
| | - Koki Oyama
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Higashijima
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Akiko Sagara
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Satomi Date
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - HaiZhen Luo
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Masataka Hayashi
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Akihiro Kubo
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - ChenYi Wu
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Shan He
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Takeo Yamamoto
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Pathological Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Koikawa
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Chika Iwamoto
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Toshiya Abe
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Naoki Ikenaga
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Kenoki Ohuchida
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Takashi Morisaki
- Department of Cancer Immunotherapy, Fukuoka General Cancer Clinic, Fukuoka, 812-0018, Japan
| | - Yoshinao Oda
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Pathological Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Keiji Kuba
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Masafumi Nakamura
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
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Pasha R, Bashir B, Omed D, Adam S, Kamath A, Elhofy A, Ferdousi M, Azmi S, Soran H. Impact of Lipid-lowering Therapy on Cancer Risk: A Narrative Review. Clin Ther 2024; 46:411-419. [PMID: 38744540 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2024.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE There are inconsistent reports of an association between low cholesterol, use of lipid-lowering agents, and carcinogenesis. The purpose of this paper was to examine the relationship between cancer, lipids, statin use, and use of other lipid-lowering therapies. METHODS This comprehensive literature review incorporated article searches in electronic databases (Embase, PubMed, OVID) and reference lists of relevant articles, with the authors' expertise in lipidology. This review considered seminal and novel research looking at the relationship between cholesterol, lipid-lowering therapies, and cancer. FINDINGS Statin use has been reported to reduce the risk for incident cancer or progression of cancer; however, it is unknown whether this reduced risk of carcinogenesis is due to the pleotropic properties of statins or the effects of low cholesterol. The effect of ezetimibe on carcinogenesis has been regarded as neutral, despite earlier concerns of increased cancer risk with its use. Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin (PCSK)-9 monoclonal antibodies have been shown to have a neutral effect on carcinogenesis. Despite anti-cancer effects of fibrates in vitro, studies in humans have yielded inconsistent outcomes leaning toward protection against the development and progression of cancer. IMPLICATIONS Statins, fibrates, PCSK9 monoclonal antibodies, and ezetimibe have a neutral effect on cancer risk, and the first three may provide some protection. PSCK9 monoclonal antibodies have the potential to enhance the response to checkpoint inhibitor therapy for cancer. Further research is needed to determine which drugs can be issued in adjuvant therapy to improve outcomes in patients undergoing cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raabya Pasha
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom; NIHR/Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Facility, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Bilal Bashir
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom; NIHR/Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Facility, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Diya Omed
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Kurdistan, Erbil, Iraq
| | - Safwaan Adam
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; Department of Endocrinology, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Anoushka Kamath
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Ahmed Elhofy
- Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Maryam Ferdousi
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; NIHR/Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Facility, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Shazli Azmi
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism Centre, Manchester University NHS Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Handrean Soran
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; NIHR/Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Facility, Manchester, United Kingdom; Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism Centre, Manchester University NHS Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom.
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Zhou Y, Li Q, Wu Y, Zhang W, Ding L, Ji C, Li P, Chen T, Feng L, Tang BZ, Huang X. Synergistic Brilliance: Engineered Bacteria and Nanomedicine Unite in Cancer Therapy. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2313953. [PMID: 38400833 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202313953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
Engineered bacteria are widely used in cancer treatment because live facultative/obligate anaerobes can selectively proliferate at tumor sites and reach hypoxic regions, thereby causing nutritional competition, enhancing immune responses, and producing anticancer microbial agents in situ to suppress tumor growth. Despite the unique advantages of bacteria-based cancer biotherapy, the insufficient treatment efficiency limits its application in the complete ablation of malignant tumors. The combination of nanomedicine and engineered bacteria has attracted increasing attention owing to their striking synergistic effects in cancer treatment. Engineered bacteria that function as natural vehicles can effectively deliver nanomedicines to tumor sites. Moreover, bacteria provide an opportunity to enhance nanomedicines by modulating the TME and producing substrates to support nanomedicine-mediated anticancer reactions. Nanomedicine exhibits excellent optical, magnetic, acoustic, and catalytic properties, and plays an important role in promoting bacteria-mediated biotherapies. The synergistic anticancer effects of engineered bacteria and nanomedicines in cancer therapy are comprehensively summarized in this review. Attention is paid not only to the fabrication of nanobiohybrid composites, but also to the interpromotion mechanism between engineered bacteria and nanomedicine in cancer therapy. Additionally, recent advances in engineered bacteria-synergized multimodal cancer therapies are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaofeng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, P. R. China
| | - Qianying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, P. R. China
| | - Yuhao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, P. R. China
| | - Wan Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, P. R. China
| | - Lu Ding
- Department of Cardiology, Jiangxi Hypertension Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, P. R. China
| | - Chenlin Ji
- School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou, 310030, P. R. China
| | - Ping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, P. R. China
| | - Tingtao Chen
- National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330036, P. R. China
| | - Lili Feng
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology Ministry of Education, College of Material Sciences and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China
| | - Ben Zhong Tang
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen (CUHK-Shenzhen), Guangdong, 518172, P. R. China
| | - Xiaolin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, P. R. China
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Peng L, Zhou L, Li H, Zhang X, Li S, Wang K, Yang M, Ma X, Zhang D, Xiang S, Duan Y, Wang T, Sun C, Wang C, Lu D, Qian M, Wang Z. Hippo-signaling-controlled MHC class I antigen processing and presentation pathway potentiates antitumor immunity. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114003. [PMID: 38527062 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC class I)-mediated tumor antigen processing and presentation (APP) pathway is essential for the recruitment and activation of cytotoxic CD8+ T lymphocytes (CD8+ CTLs). However, this pathway is frequently dysregulated in many cancers, thus leading to a failure of immunotherapy. Here, we report that activation of the tumor-intrinsic Hippo pathway positively correlates with the expression of MHC class I APP genes and the abundance of CD8+ CTLs in mouse tumors and patients. Blocking the Hippo pathway effector Yes-associated protein/transcriptional enhanced associate domain (YAP/TEAD) potently improves antitumor immunity. Mechanistically, the YAP/TEAD complex cooperates with the nucleosome remodeling and deacetylase complex to repress NLRC5 transcription. The upregulation of NLRC5 by YAP/TEAD depletion or pharmacological inhibition increases the expression of MHC class I APP genes and enhances CD8+ CTL-mediated killing of cancer cells. Collectively, our results suggest a crucial tumor-promoting function of YAP depending on NLRC5 to impair the MHC class I APP pathway and provide a rationale for inhibiting YAP activity in immunotherapy for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linyuan Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Liang Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Cancer Research Center, Department of Pharmacology, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Huan Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Cancer Research Center, Department of Pharmacology, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Su Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Kai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Mei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Xiaoyu Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Danlan Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Cancer Research Center, Department of Pharmacology, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Siliang Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Yajun Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Tianzhi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Chunmeng Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Preparations and Excipients, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Chen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Desheng Lu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Cancer Research Center, Department of Pharmacology, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Minxian Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.
| | - Zhongyuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.
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Zhang W, Chen L, Liu J, Chen B, Shi H, Chen H, Qi H, Wu Z, Mao X, Wang X, Huang Y, Li J, Yu Z, Zhong M, Wang T, Li Q. Inhibition of autophagy-related protein 7 enhances anti-tumor immune response and improves efficacy of immune checkpoint blockade in microsatellite instability colorectal cancer. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2024; 43:114. [PMID: 38627815 PMCID: PMC11020677 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-024-03023-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The efficacy of anti-PD-1 therapy is primarily hindered by the limited T-cell immune response rate and immune evasion capacity of tumor cells. Autophagy-related protein 7 (ATG7) plays an important role in autophagy and it has been linked to cancer. However, the role of ATG7 in the effect of immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) treatment on high microsatellite instability (MSI-H)/mismatch repair deficiency (dMMR) CRC is still poorly understood. METHODS In this study, patients from the cancer genome altas (TCGA) COAD/READ cohorts were used to investigate the biological mechanism driving ATG7 development. Several assays were conducted including the colony formation, cell viability, qRT-PCR, western blot, immunofluorescence, flow cytometry, ELISA, immunohistochemistry staining and in vivo tumorigenicity tests. RESULTS We found that ATG7 plays a crucial role in MSI-H CRC. Its knockdown decreased tumor growth and caused an infiltration of CD8+ T effector cells in vivo. ATG7 inhibition restored surface major histocompatibility complex I (MHC-I) levels, causing improved antigen presentation and anti-tumor T cell response by activating reactive oxygen species (ROS)/NF-κB pathway. Meanwhile, ATG7 inhibition also suppressed cholesterol accumulation and augmentation of anti-tumor immune responses. Combining ATG7 inhibition and statins improved the therapeutic benefit of anti-PD-1 in MSI-H CRC. Importantly, CRC patients with high expression of both ATG7 and recombinant 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMGCR) experienced worse prognosis compared to those with low ATG7 and HMGCR expression. CONCLUSIONS Inhibition of ATG7 leads to upregulation of MHC-I expression, augments immune response and suppresses cholesterol accumulation. These findings demonstrate that ATG7 inhibition has therapeutic potential and application of statins can increase the sensitivity to immune checkpoint inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxin Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, No.12 Urumqi Middle Road, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Lu Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, No.12 Urumqi Middle Road, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Jiafeng Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, No.12 Urumqi Middle Road, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Bicui Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, No.12 Urumqi Middle Road, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Huanying Shi
- Department of Pharmacy, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, No.12 Urumqi Middle Road, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Haifei Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, No.12 Urumqi Middle Road, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Huijie Qi
- Department of Pharmacy, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, No.12 Urumqi Middle Road, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Zimei Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, No.12 Urumqi Middle Road, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Xiang Mao
- Department of Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Xinhai Wang
- Department of Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Yuxin Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, No.12 Urumqi Middle Road, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Jiyifan Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, No.12 Urumqi Middle Road, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Zheng Yu
- Department of Pharmacy, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, No.12 Urumqi Middle Road, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Mingkang Zhong
- Department of Pharmacy, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, No.12 Urumqi Middle Road, Shanghai, 200040, China.
| | - Tianxiao Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, No.12 Urumqi Middle Road, Shanghai, 200040, China.
| | - Qunyi Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, No.12 Urumqi Middle Road, Shanghai, 200040, China.
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Zou J, Mai C, Lin Z, Zhou J, Lai G. Targeting metabolism of breast cancer and its implications in T cell immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1381970. [PMID: 38680483 PMCID: PMC11045902 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1381970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is a prominent health issue amongst women around the world. Immunotherapies including tumor targeted antibodies, adoptive T cell therapy, vaccines, and immune checkpoint blockers have rejuvenated the clinical management of breast cancer, but the prognosis of patients remains dismal. Metabolic reprogramming and immune escape are two important mechanisms supporting the progression of breast cancer. The deprivation uptake of nutrients (such as glucose, amino acid, and lipid) by breast cancer cells has a significant impact on tumor growth and microenvironment remodeling. In recent years, in-depth researches on the mechanism of metabolic reprogramming and immune escape have been extensively conducted, and targeting metabolic reprogramming has been proposed as a new therapeutic strategy for breast cancer. This article reviews the abnormal metabolism of breast cancer cells and its impact on the anti-tumor activity of T cells, and further explores the possibility of targeting metabolism as a therapeutic strategy for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialuo Zou
- Department of Breast Disease Comprehensive Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Cunjun Mai
- Department of Breast Disease Comprehensive Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Zhiqin Lin
- Department of Breast Disease Comprehensive Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Department of Immunology, International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Guie Lai
- Department of Breast Disease Comprehensive Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
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Wang H, Zhang X, Zhang Y, Shi T, Zhang Y, Song X, Liu B, Wang Y, Wei J. Targeting PCSK9 to upregulate MHC-II on the surface of tumor cells in tumor immunotherapy. BMC Cancer 2024; 24:445. [PMID: 38600469 PMCID: PMC11007992 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-024-12148-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9), the last member of the proprotein convertase family, functions as a classic regulator of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) by interacting with low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR). Recent studies have shown that PCSK9 can affect the occurrence and development of tumors and can be used as a novel therapeutic target. However, a comprehensive pan-cancer analysis of PCSK9 has yet to be conducted. METHODS The potential oncogenic effects of PCSK9 in 33 types of tumors were explored based on the datasets of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset. In addition, the immune regulatory role of PCSK9 inhibition was evaluated via in vitro cell coculture and the tumor-bearing mouse model. Finally, the antitumor efficacy of targeted PCSK9 combined with OVA-II vaccines was verified. RESULTS Our results indicated that PCSK9 was highly expressed in most tumor types and was significantly correlated with late disease stage and poor prognosis. Additionally, PCSK9 may regulate the tumor immune matrix score, immune cell infiltration, immune checkpoint expression, and major histocompatibility complex expression. Notably, we first found that dendritic cell (DC) infiltration and major histocompatibility complex-II (MHC-II) expression could be upregulated by PCSK9 inhibition and improve CD8+ T cell activation in the tumor immune microenvironment, thereby achieving potent tumor control. Combining PCSK9 inhibitors could enhance the efficacies of OVA-II tumor vaccine monotherapy. CONCLUSIONS Conclusively, our pan-cancer analysis provided a more comprehensive understanding of the oncogenic and immunoregulatory roles of PCSK9 and demonstrated that targeting PCSK9 could increase the efficacy of long peptide vaccines by upregulating DC infiltration and MHC-II expression on the surface of tumor cells. This study reveals the critical oncogenic and immunoregulatory roles of PCSK9 in various tumors and shows the promise of PCSK9 as a potent immunotherapy target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanbing Wang
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University, No. 321, Zhongshan Road, 210008, Nanjing, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University, No. 321, Zhongshan Road, 210008, Nanjing, China
| | - Yipeng Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University, No. 321, Zhongshan Road, 210008, Nanjing, China
| | - Tao Shi
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University, No. 321, Zhongshan Road, 210008, Nanjing, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University, No. 321, Zhongshan Road, 210008, Nanjing, China
| | - Xueru Song
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University, No. 321, Zhongshan Road, 210008, Nanjing, China
| | - Baorui Liu
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University, No. 321, Zhongshan Road, 210008, Nanjing, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University, No. 321, Zhongshan Road, 210008, Nanjing, China.
| | - Jia Wei
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University, No. 321, Zhongshan Road, 210008, Nanjing, China.
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Zmaili M, Alzubi J, Alkhayyat M, Albakri A, Alkhalaileh F, Longinow J, Moudgil R. Cancer and Cardiovascular Disease: The Conjoined Twins. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1450. [PMID: 38672532 PMCID: PMC11048405 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16081450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer and cardiovascular disease are the two most common causes of death worldwide. As the fields of cardiovascular medicine and oncology continue to expand, the area of overlap is becoming more prominent demanding dedicated attention and individualized patient care. We have come to realize that both fields are inextricably intertwined in several aspects, so much so that the mere presence of one, with its resultant downstream implications, has an impact on the other. Nonetheless, cardiovascular disease and cancer are generally approached independently. The focus that is granted to the predominant pathological entity (either cardiovascular disease or cancer), does not allow for optimal medical care for the other. As a result, ample opportunities for improvement in overall health care are being overlooked. Herein, we hope to shed light on the interconnected relationship between cardiovascular disease and cancer and uncover some of the unintentionally neglected intricacies of common cardiovascular therapeutics from an oncologic standpoint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Zmaili
- Robert and Suzanne Tomsich Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Sydell and Arnold Miller Family Heart, Vascular and Thoracic Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA;
| | - Jafar Alzubi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Einstein Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA 19141, USA
| | - Motasem Alkhayyat
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Digestive Disease and Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Almaza Albakri
- Jordanian Royal Medical Services, Department of Internal Medicine, King Abdullah II Ben Al-Hussein Street, Amman 11855, Jordan
| | - Feras Alkhalaileh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Joshua Longinow
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Rohit Moudgil
- Robert and Suzanne Tomsich Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Sydell and Arnold Miller Family Heart, Vascular and Thoracic Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA;
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
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Ruscica M, Macchi C, Gandini S, Macis D, Guerrieri-Gonzaga A, Aristarco V, Serrano D, Lazzeroni M, Rizzuto AS, Gaeta A, Corsini A, Gulisano M, Johansson H, Bonanni B. Prognostic Value of PCSK9 Levels in Premenopausal Women at Risk of Breast Cancer-Evidence from a 17-Year Follow-Up Study. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1411. [PMID: 38611089 PMCID: PMC11011028 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16071411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM The involvement of cholesterol in cancer development remains a topic of debate, and its association with breast cancer has yet to be consistently demonstrated. Considering that circulating cholesterol levels depend on several concomitant processes, we tested the liability of plasma levels of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9), one of the key regulators of cholesterol levels, as a prognostic biomarker in the context of breast neoplastic events. METHODS Within a prospective randomized breast cancer prevention trial we measured baseline plasma levels of PCSK9. A total of 235 at-risk premenopausal women were randomized and followed up for 17 years. Participants enrolled in this placebo-controlled, phase II, double-blind trial were randomly assigned to receive either tamoxifen 5 mg/d or fenretinide 200 mg/d, both agents, or placebo for 2 years. The associations with breast cancer events were evaluated through competing risk and Cox regression survival models, adjusted for randomization strata (5-year Gail risk ≥ 1.3% vs. intraepithelial neoplasia or small invasive breast cancer of favorable prognosis), age, and treatment allocation. PCSK9 associations with biomarkers linked to breast cancer risk were assessed on blood samples collected at baseline. RESULTS The plasmatic PCSK9 median and interquartile range were 207 ng/mL and 170-252 ng/mL, respectively. Over a median follow-up period of 17 years and 89 breast neoplastic events, disease-free survival curves showed a hazard ratio of 1.002 (95% CI: 0.999-1.005, p = 0.22) for women with PCSK9 plasma levels ≥ 207 ng/mL compared to women with levels below 207 ng/mL. No differences between randomization strata were observed. We found a negative correlation between PCSK9 and estradiol (r = -0.305), maintained even after partial adjustment for BMI and age (r = -0.287). Cholesterol (r = 0.266), LDL-C (r = 0.207), non-HDL-C (r = 0.246), remnant cholesterol (r = 0.233), and triglycerides (r = 0.233) also correlated with PCSK9. CONCLUSIONS In premenopausal women at risk of early-stage breast cancer, PCSK9 did not appear to have a role as a prognostic biomarker of breast neoplastic events. Larger studies are warranted investigating patients in different settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimiliano Ruscica
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences “Rodolfo Paoletti”, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy; (M.R.); (C.M.); (A.C.)
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic-Vascular Diseases, Foundation IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Macchi
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences “Rodolfo Paoletti”, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy; (M.R.); (C.M.); (A.C.)
| | - Sara Gandini
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy; (S.G.); (A.G.)
| | - Debora Macis
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Genetics, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy; (D.M.); (A.G.-G.); (V.A.); (D.S.); (M.L.); (B.B.)
| | - Aliana Guerrieri-Gonzaga
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Genetics, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy; (D.M.); (A.G.-G.); (V.A.); (D.S.); (M.L.); (B.B.)
| | - Valentina Aristarco
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Genetics, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy; (D.M.); (A.G.-G.); (V.A.); (D.S.); (M.L.); (B.B.)
| | - Davide Serrano
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Genetics, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy; (D.M.); (A.G.-G.); (V.A.); (D.S.); (M.L.); (B.B.)
| | - Matteo Lazzeroni
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Genetics, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy; (D.M.); (A.G.-G.); (V.A.); (D.S.); (M.L.); (B.B.)
| | | | - Aurora Gaeta
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy; (S.G.); (A.G.)
- Department of Statistics and Quantitative Methods, University of Milan-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Alberto Corsini
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences “Rodolfo Paoletti”, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy; (M.R.); (C.M.); (A.C.)
| | | | - Harriet Johansson
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Genetics, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy; (D.M.); (A.G.-G.); (V.A.); (D.S.); (M.L.); (B.B.)
| | - Bernardo Bonanni
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Genetics, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy; (D.M.); (A.G.-G.); (V.A.); (D.S.); (M.L.); (B.B.)
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Fang S, Zheng L, Shu GF, Xiaoxiao C, Guo X, Ding Y, Yang W, Chen J, Zhao Z, Tu J, Chen M, Ji JS. Multiple Immunomodulatory Strategies Based on Targeted Regulation of Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin/Kexin Type 9 and Immune Homeostasis against Hepatocellular Carcinoma. ACS NANO 2024; 18:8811-8826. [PMID: 38466366 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c11775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Immunotherapy is the most promising systemic therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma. However, the outcome remains poor. Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) plays a role in altering cell-surface protein levels, potentially undermining the efficacy of immunotherapy against tumors. This highlights its potential as a target for antitumor therapy. Herein, CaCO3-based nanoparticles coencapsulated with DOX, an immunogenic cell death (ICD) inducer, and evolocumab was developed to enhanced the efficacy of immunotherapy. The obtained DOX/evolocumab-loaded CaCO3 nanoparticle (named DECP) exhibits a good capacity of acid neutralization and causes ICD of cancer cells. In addition, DECP is able to evaluate the cell-surface level of MHC-I, a biomarker that correlates positively with patients' overall survival. Upon intravenous injection, DECP accumulates within the tumor site, leading to growth inhibition of hepa1-6 bearing subcutaneous tumors. Specifically, DECP treatment causes augmented ratios of matured dendritic cells, tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells and natural killing cells, while concurrently depleting Foxp3+ regulatory T cells. Peritumoral delivery of DECP enhances the immune response of distant tumors and exhibits antitumor effects when combined with intravenous αPD-L1 therapy in a bilateral tumor model. This study presents CaCO3-based nanoparticles with multiple immunomodulatory strategies against hepatocellular carcinoma by targeting PCSK9 inhibition and modulating immune homeostasis in the unfavorable TME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiji Fang
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Imaging and Interventional Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui 323000, China
- Clinical College of The Affiliated Central Hospital, School of Medcine, Lishui University, Lishui 323000, China
| | - Liyun Zheng
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Imaging and Interventional Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui 323000, China
- Clinical College of The Affiliated Central Hospital, School of Medcine, Lishui University, Lishui 323000, China
- Department of radiology, Lishui Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Lishui 323000, China
| | - Gao-Feng Shu
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Imaging and Interventional Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui 323000, China
- Clinical College of The Affiliated Central Hospital, School of Medcine, Lishui University, Lishui 323000, China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine of Lishui, Lishui 323000, China
| | - Chen Xiaoxiao
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Imaging and Interventional Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui 323000, China
- Clinical College of The Affiliated Central Hospital, School of Medcine, Lishui University, Lishui 323000, China
| | - Xiaoju Guo
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Imaging and Interventional Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui 323000, China
- Clinical College of The Affiliated Central Hospital, School of Medcine, Lishui University, Lishui 323000, China
- Department of radiology, Lishui Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Lishui 323000, China
| | - Yiming Ding
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Imaging and Interventional Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui 323000, China
| | - Wenjing Yang
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Imaging and Interventional Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui 323000, China
- Clinical College of The Affiliated Central Hospital, School of Medcine, Lishui University, Lishui 323000, China
| | - Jiale Chen
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Imaging and Interventional Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui 323000, China
- Clinical College of The Affiliated Central Hospital, School of Medcine, Lishui University, Lishui 323000, China
| | - Zhongwei Zhao
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Imaging and Interventional Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui 323000, China
- Clinical College of The Affiliated Central Hospital, School of Medcine, Lishui University, Lishui 323000, China
| | - Jianfei Tu
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Imaging and Interventional Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui 323000, China
- Clinical College of The Affiliated Central Hospital, School of Medcine, Lishui University, Lishui 323000, China
| | - Minjiang Chen
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Imaging and Interventional Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui 323000, China
- Clinical College of The Affiliated Central Hospital, School of Medcine, Lishui University, Lishui 323000, China
| | - Jian-Song Ji
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Imaging and Interventional Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui 323000, China
- Clinical College of The Affiliated Central Hospital, School of Medcine, Lishui University, Lishui 323000, China
- Department of radiology, Lishui Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Lishui 323000, China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine of Lishui, Lishui 323000, China
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Jiang W, Jin WL, Xu AM. Cholesterol metabolism in tumor microenvironment: cancer hallmarks and therapeutic opportunities. Int J Biol Sci 2024; 20:2044-2071. [PMID: 38617549 PMCID: PMC11008265 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.92274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Cholesterol is crucial for cell survival and growth, and dysregulation of cholesterol homeostasis has been linked to the development of cancer. The tumor microenvironment (TME) facilitates tumor cell survival and growth, and crosstalk between cholesterol metabolism and the TME contributes to tumorigenesis and tumor progression. Targeting cholesterol metabolism has demonstrated significant antitumor effects in preclinical and clinical studies. In this review, we discuss the regulatory mechanisms of cholesterol homeostasis and the impact of its dysregulation on the hallmarks of cancer. We also describe how cholesterol metabolism reprograms the TME across seven specialized microenvironments. Furthermore, we discuss the potential of targeting cholesterol metabolism as a therapeutic strategy for tumors. This approach not only exerts antitumor effects in monotherapy and combination therapy but also mitigates the adverse effects associated with conventional tumor therapy. Finally, we outline the unresolved questions and suggest potential avenues for future investigations on cholesterol metabolism in relation to cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, P. R. China
| | - Wei-Lin Jin
- Institute of Cancer Neuroscience, Medical Frontier Innovation Research Center, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - A-Man Xu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, P. R. China
- Anhui Public Health Clinical Center, Hefei 230022, P. R. China
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Huang J, Tsang WY, Fang XN, Zhang Y, Luo J, Gong LQ, Zhang BF, Wong CN, Li ZH, Liu BL, Huang JL, Yang YM, Liu S, Ban LX, Chan YH, Guan XY. FASN Inhibition Decreases MHC-I Degradation and Synergizes with PD-L1 Checkpoint Blockade in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cancer Res 2024; 84:855-871. [PMID: 38486485 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-23-0966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) transformed the treatment landscape of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Unfortunately, patients with attenuated MHC-I expression remain refractory to ICIs, and druggable targets for upregulating MHC-I are limited. Here, we found that genetic or pharmacologic inhibition of fatty acid synthase (FASN) increased MHC-I levels in HCC cells, promoting antigen presentation and stimulating antigen-specific CD8+ T-cell cytotoxicity. Mechanistically, FASN inhibition reduced palmitoylation of MHC-I that led to its lysosomal degradation. The palmitoyltransferase DHHC3 directly bound MHC-I and negatively regulated MHC-I protein levels. In an orthotopic HCC mouse model, Fasn deficiency enhanced MHC-I levels and promoted cancer cell killing by tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells. Moreover, the combination of two different FASN inhibitors, orlistat and TVB-2640, with anti-PD-L1 antibody robustly suppressed tumor growth in vivo. Multiplex IHC of human HCC samples and bioinformatic analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas data further illustrated that lower expression of FASN was correlated with a higher percentage of cytotoxic CD8+ T cells. The identification of FASN as a negative regulator of MHC-I provides the rationale for combining FASN inhibitors and immunotherapy for treating HCC. SIGNIFICANCE Inhibition of FASN increases MHC-I protein levels by suppressing its palmitoylation and lysosomal degradation, which stimulates immune activity against hepatocellular carcinoma and enhances the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Huang
- Department of Clinical Oncology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Liver Research, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Wai Ying Tsang
- Department of Clinical Oncology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Xiao-Na Fang
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Jie Luo
- Department of Clinical Oncology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Liver Research, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Lan-Qi Gong
- Department of Clinical Oncology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Liver Research, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Clinical Oncology Center, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Cancer Metastasis and Personalized Therapy, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Bai-Feng Zhang
- Department of Clinical Oncology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Liver Research, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Clinical Oncology Center, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Cancer Metastasis and Personalized Therapy, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ching Ngar Wong
- Department of Clinical Oncology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Liver Research, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Zhi-Hong Li
- Department of Clinical Oncology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Bei-Lei Liu
- Department of Clinical Oncology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Liver Research, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Clinical Oncology Center, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Cancer Metastasis and Personalized Therapy, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jin-Lin Huang
- Department of Clinical Oncology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Liver Research, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Yu-Ma Yang
- Department of Clinical Oncology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Liver Research, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Shan Liu
- Department of Clinical Oncology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Liver Research, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Liu-Xian Ban
- Department of Clinical Oncology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Liver Research, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Clinical Oncology Center, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Cancer Metastasis and Personalized Therapy, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yiu Hong Chan
- Department of Clinical Oncology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Xin-Yuan Guan
- Department of Clinical Oncology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Liver Research, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Clinical Oncology Center, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Cancer Metastasis and Personalized Therapy, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
- Advanced Energy Science and Technology Guangdong Laboratory, Huizhou, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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Duan H, Shi Y, Zhang Q, Shi X, Zhang Y, Liu J, Zhang Y. Causal relationship between PCSK9 inhibitor and primary glomerular disease: a drug target Mendelian randomization study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1335489. [PMID: 38510702 PMCID: PMC10951069 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1335489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Successive observational studies have highlighted low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) as a standalone risk factor for the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) to end-stage renal disease. Lowering LDL-C levels significantly reduces the incidence of atherosclerotic events in patients with progressive CKD. Recent research indicates that proprotein convertase subtilisin kexin 9 (PCSK9) inhibitors not only effectively lower LDL-C levels in CKD patients but also exhibit therapeutic potential for autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, and ulcerative colitis. However, the role of PCSK9 inhibitors (PCSK9i) in treating CKD beyond lowering LDL-C levels remains uncertain. Therefore, this study employs drug-targeted Mendelian randomization (MR) to investigate the causal impact of PCSK9i on primary glomerular diseases such as IgA nephropathy (IgAN), membranous nephropathy (MN), and nephrotic syndrome (NS). Methods Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) linked to LDL-C were sourced from the Global Lipids Genetics Consortium genome-wide association study (GWAS). Genes situated in proximity to 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase (HMGCR), and PCSK9 served as proxies for therapeutic inhibition of these targets. The causal link between PCSK9i and the risk of primary glomerular disorders was discovered using drug-target MR studies. The HMGCR inhibitor, a drug target of statins, was utilized for comparative analysis with PCSK9i. Primary outcomes included the risk assessment for IgAN, MN, and NS, using the risk of coronary heart disease as a positive control. Results The inhibition of PCSK9, as proxied genetically, was found to significantly reduce the risk of IgAN [odds ratio, OR (95% confidence interval, CI) = 0.05 (-1.82 to 1.93), p = 2.10 × 10-3]. Conversely, this inhibition was associated with an increased risk of NS [OR (95% CI) = 1.78 (1.34-2.22), p = 0.01]. Similarly, HMGCR inhibitors (HMGCRi) demonstrated a potential reduction in the risk of IgAN [OR (95%CI) = 0.0032 (-3.58 to 3.59), p = 1.60 × 10-3). Conclusions PCSK9i markedly decreased the risk of IgAN, suggesting a potential mechanism beyond their primary effect on LDL-C. However, these inhibitors were also associated with an increased risk of NS. On the other hand, HMGCRi appears to serve as a protective factor against IgAN. Conversely, PCSK9i may pose a risk factor for NS, suggesting the necessity for cautious application and further research into their impacts on various glomerular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Yu Zhang
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Yan R, Zhang P, Shen S, Zeng Y, Wang T, Chen Z, Ma W, Feng J, Suo C, Zhang T, Wei H, Jiang Z, Chen R, Li ST, Zhong X, Jia W, Sun L, Cang C, Zhang H, Gao P. Carnosine regulation of intracellular pH homeostasis promotes lysosome-dependent tumor immunoevasion. Nat Immunol 2024; 25:483-495. [PMID: 38177283 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-023-01719-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Tumor cells and surrounding immune cells undergo metabolic reprogramming, leading to an acidic tumor microenvironment. However, it is unclear how tumor cells adapt to this acidic stress during tumor progression. Here we show that carnosine, a mobile buffering metabolite that accumulates under hypoxia in tumor cells, regulates intracellular pH homeostasis and drives lysosome-dependent tumor immune evasion. A previously unrecognized isoform of carnosine synthase, CARNS2, promotes carnosine synthesis under hypoxia. Carnosine maintains intracellular pH (pHi) homeostasis by functioning as a mobile proton carrier to accelerate cytosolic H+ mobility and release, which in turn controls lysosomal subcellular distribution, acidification and activity. Furthermore, by maintaining lysosomal activity, carnosine facilitates nuclear transcription factor X-box binding 1 (NFX1) degradation, triggering galectin-9 and T-cell-mediated immune escape and tumorigenesis. These findings indicate an unconventional mechanism for pHi regulation in cancer cells and demonstrate how lysosome contributes to immune evasion, thus providing a basis for development of combined therapeutic strategies against hepatocellular carcinoma that exploit disrupted pHi homeostasis with immune checkpoint blockade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronghui Yan
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Anhui Provincial Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Science and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- The Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Science and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Pinggen Zhang
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Anhui Provincial Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Science and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- The Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Science and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Biomedical Aging Research, Division of Life Science and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- Insitute of Health and Medicine, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Hefei, China
| | - Shengqi Shen
- Medical Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Zeng
- The Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Science and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Anhui Provincial Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Science and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- The Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Science and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Zhaolin Chen
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Anhui Provincial Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Science and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Wenhao Ma
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Anhui Provincial Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Science and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- The Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Science and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Junru Feng
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Anhui Provincial Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Science and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- The Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Science and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Caixia Suo
- Medical Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tong Zhang
- Medical Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haoran Wei
- Medical Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zetan Jiang
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Anhui Provincial Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Science and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- The Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Science and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Rui Chen
- Medical Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shi-Ting Li
- Medical Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiuying Zhong
- Medical Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weidong Jia
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Anhui Provincial Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Science and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Linchong Sun
- Medical Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunlei Cang
- The Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Science and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Huafeng Zhang
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Anhui Provincial Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Science and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.
- The Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Science and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Biomedical Aging Research, Division of Life Science and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.
- Insitute of Health and Medicine, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Hefei, China.
| | - Ping Gao
- Medical Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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Li Y, Liu W, Xu H, Zhou Y, Xie W, Guo Y, Liao Z, Jiang X, Liu J, Ren C. Aptamers combined with immune checkpoints for cancer detection and targeted therapy: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 262:130032. [PMID: 38342267 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, remarkable strides have been made in the field of immunotherapy, which has emerged as a standard treatment for many cancers. As a kind of immunotherapy drug, monoclonal antibodies employed in immune checkpoint therapy have proven beneficial for patients with diverse cancer types. However, owing to the extensive heterogeneity of clinical responses and the complexity and variability of the immune system and tumor microenvironment (TME), accurately predicting its efficacy remains a challenge. Recent advances in aptamers provide a promising approach for monitoring alterations within the immune system and TME, thereby facilitating targeted immunotherapy, particularly focused on immune checkpoint blockade, with enhanced antitumor efficiency. Aptamers have been widely used in tumor cell detection, biosensors, drug discovery, and biomarker screening due to their high specificity and high affinity with their targets. This review aims to comprehensively examine the research status and progress of aptamers in cancer diagnosis and immunotherapy, with a specific emphasis on those related to immune checkpoints. Additionally, we will discuss the future research directions and potential therapeutic targets for aptamer-based immune checkpoint therapy, aiming to provide a theoretical basis for targeting immunotherapy molecules and blocking tumor immune escape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihan Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China; The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
| | - Weidong Liu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China; The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
| | - Hongjuan Xu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biological Nanotechnology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Yao Zhou
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China; The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
| | - Wen Xie
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China; The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
| | - Youwei Guo
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China; The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
| | - Ziling Liao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China; The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
| | - Xingjun Jiang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China; Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Critical care medicine, Hainan Hospital of Chinese PLA General Hosptial; project supported by Hainan Province Clinical Medical Center, China.
| | - Caiping Ren
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China; The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China; Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China.
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Chen Z, Shao W, Li Y, Zhang X, Geng Y, Ma X, Tao B, Ma Y, Yi C, Zhang B, Zhang R, Lin J, Chen J. Inhibition of PCSK9 prevents and alleviates cholesterol gallstones through PPARα-mediated CYP7A1 activation. Metabolism 2024; 152:155774. [PMID: 38191052 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2023.155774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Dysregulated cholesterol metabolism is the major factor responsible for cholesterol gallstones (CGS). Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) plays a critical role in cholesterol homeostasis and its inhibitors secure approval for treating various cholesterol metabolic disorders such as hypercholesterolemia and cardiovascular diseases, but its role in CGS remains unclear. Our study aims to clarify mechanisms by which PCSK9 promotes CGS formation and explore the application of the PCSK9 inhibitor, alirocumab, in preventing and treating CGS. APPROACH & RESULTS The expressions of PCSK9 were notably increased in CGS patients' serum, bile, and liver tissues compared to those without gallstones. Moreover, among CGS patients, hepatic PCSK9 was positively correlated with hepatic cholesterol and negatively correlated with hepatic bile acids (BAs), suggesting PCSK9 was involved in disrupted hepatic cholesterol metabolism related to CGS. Mechanistically, in vitro experiments demonstrated that inhibition of PCSK9 enhanced nuclear expression of PPARα by diminishing its lysosomal degradation and subsequently activated CYP7A1 transcription. Finally, inhibition of PCSK9 prevented CGS formation and dissolved the existing stones in CGS mice by elevating the conversion of cholesterol into BAs through PPARα-mediated CYP7A1 activation. Additionally, serum PCSK9 level may function as a prognostic signature to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of PCSK9 inhibitors. CONCLUSIONS Inhibition of PCSK9 exerts preventive and therapeutic effects on CGS by activating PPARα-mediated CYP7A1 expression and facilitating the conversion of cholesterol into BAs, which highlights the potential of PCSK9 inhibition as a promising candidate for preventing and treating CGS in clinical applications. IMPACT AND IMPLICATIONS PCSK9 plays a pivotal role in cholesterol metabolism and its inhibitors are approved for clinical use in cardiovascular diseases. Our study observes inhibition of PCSK9 prevents and dissolves CGS by activating PPARα-mediated CYP7A1 expression and facilitating the conversion of cholesterol into BAs. Mechanistically, PCSK9 inhibition enhanced the nuclear expression of PPARα by diminishing its lysosomal degradation and subsequently activated CYP7A1 transcription. Our study sheds light on the new function and mechanism of PCSK9 in CGS, providing a novel preventive and therapeutic target with potential clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenmei Chen
- Hepatobiliary Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Urumqi Road, Shanghai 200040, China; Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Urumqi Road, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Weiqing Shao
- Hepatobiliary Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Urumqi Road, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Yitong Li
- Hepatobiliary Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Urumqi Road, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Xiandi Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Urumqi Road, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Yan Geng
- Hepatobiliary Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Urumqi Road, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Xiaochen Ma
- Hepatobiliary Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Urumqi Road, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Baorui Tao
- Hepatobiliary Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Urumqi Road, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Yue Ma
- Hepatobiliary Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Urumqi Road, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Chenhe Yi
- Hepatobiliary Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Urumqi Road, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Hepatobiliary Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Urumqi Road, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Hepatobiliary Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Urumqi Road, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Jing Lin
- Hepatobiliary Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Urumqi Road, Shanghai 200040, China.
| | - Jinhong Chen
- Hepatobiliary Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Urumqi Road, Shanghai 200040, China.
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Zhang J, Guo H, Wang L, Zheng M, Kong S, Wu H, Zhao L, Zhao Q, Yang X, He Q, Chen X, Ding L, Yang B. Cediranib enhances the transcription of MHC-I by upregulating IRF-1. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 221:116036. [PMID: 38301967 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Diminished or lost Major Histocompatibility Complex class I (MHC-I) expression is frequently observed in tumors, which obstructs the immune recognition of tumor cells by cytotoxic T cells. Restoring MHC-I expression by promoting its transcription and improving protein stability have been promising strategies for reestablishing anti-tumor immune responses. Here, through cell-based screening models, we found that cediranib significantly upregulated MHC-I expression in tumor cells. This finding was confirmed in various non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines and primary patient-derived lung cancer cells. Furthermore, we discovered cediranib achieved MHC-I upregulation through transcriptional regulation. interferon regulatory factor 1 (IRF-1) was required for cediranib induced MHC-I transcription and the absence of IRF-1 eliminated this effect. Continuing our research, we found cediranib triggered STAT1 phosphorylation and promoted IRF-1 transcription subsequently, thus enhancing downstream MHC-I transcription. In vivo study, we further confirmed that cediranib increased MHC-I expression, enhanced CD8+ T cell infiltration, and improved the efficacy of anti-PD-L1 therapy. Collectively, our study demonstrated that cediranib could elevate MHC-I expression and enhance responsiveness to immune therapy, thereby providing a theoretical foundation for its potential clinical trials in combination with immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Hongjie Guo
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Longsheng Wang
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Mingming Zheng
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Shijia Kong
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Honghai Wu
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Lin Zhao
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Qiong Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Shulan(Hangzhou)Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Shuren University Shulan International Medical College, Hangzhou 310022, China
| | - Xiaochun Yang
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Nanhu Brain-computer Interface Institute, Hangzhou 311100, China
| | - Qiaojun He
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; The Innovation Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310018, China; Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Ling Ding
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Nanhu Brain-computer Interface Institute, Hangzhou 311100, China.
| | - Bo Yang
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; The Innovation Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310018, China; Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; School of Medicine, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310015, China.
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48
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Wang J, Lu Q, Chen X, Aifantis I. Targeting MHC-I inhibitory pathways for cancer immunotherapy. Trends Immunol 2024; 45:177-187. [PMID: 38433029 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2024.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
The MHC-I antigen presentation (AP) pathway is key to shaping mammalian CD8+ T cell immunity, with its aberrant expression closely linked to low tumor immunogenicity and immunotherapy resistance. While significant attention has been given to genetic mutations and downregulation of positive regulators that are essential for MHC-I AP, there is a growing interest in understanding how tumors actively evade MHC-I expression and/or AP through the induction of MHC-I inhibitory pathways. This emerging field of study may offer more viable therapeutic targets for future cancer immunotherapy. Here, we explore potential mechanisms by which cancer cells evade MHC-I AP and function and propose therapeutic strategies that might target these MHC-I inhibitors to restore impaired T cell immunity within the tumor microenvironment (TME).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wang
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA.
| | - Qiao Lu
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Xufeng Chen
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Iannis Aifantis
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA.
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49
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Guo H, Zhou C, Zheng M, Zhang J, Wu H, He Q, Ding L, Yang B. Insights into the role of derailed endocytic trafficking pathway in cancer: From the perspective of cancer hallmarks. Pharmacol Res 2024; 201:107084. [PMID: 38295915 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
The endocytic trafficking pathway is a highly organized cellular program responsible for the regulation of membrane components and uptake of extracellular substances. Molecules internalized into the cell through endocytosis will be sorted for degradation or recycled back to membrane, which is determined by a series of sorting events. Many receptors, enzymes, and transporters on the membrane are strictly regulated by endocytic trafficking process, and thus the endocytic pathway has a profound effect on cellular homeostasis. However, the endocytic trafficking process is typically dysregulated in cancers, which leads to the aberrant retention of receptor tyrosine kinases and immunosuppressive molecules on cell membrane, the loss of adhesion protein, as well as excessive uptake of nutrients. Therefore, hijacking endocytic trafficking pathway is an important approach for tumor cells to obtain advantages of proliferation and invasion, and to evade immune attack. Here, we summarize how dysregulated endocytic trafficking process triggers tumorigenesis and progression from the perspective of several typical cancer hallmarks. The impact of endocytic trafficking pathway to cancer therapy efficacy is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjie Guo
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Chen Zhou
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Mingming Zheng
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Honghai Wu
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Qiaojun He
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; The Innovation Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310018, China; Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Ling Ding
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Nanhu Brain-computer Interface Institute, Hangzhou 311100, China.
| | - Bo Yang
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; School of Medicine, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou 310015, China; The Innovation Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
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50
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Piras L, Zuccanti M, Russo P, Riccio F, Agresti A, Lustri C, Dardani D, Ferrera A, Fiorentini V, Tocci G, Tini Melato G, Volpe M, Barbato E, Battistoni A. Association between Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors and Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Risk: Another Brick in the Wall. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2502. [PMID: 38473748 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent years, immune checkpoint inhibitors have significantly changed the field of oncology, emerging as first-line treatment, either alone or in combination with other regimens, for numerous malignancies, improving overall survival and progression-free survival in these patients. However, immune checkpoint inhibitors might also cause severe or fatal immune-related adverse events, including adverse cardiovascular events. Initially, myocarditis was recognized as the main immune checkpoint inhibitor-related cardiac event, but our knowledge of other potential immune-related cardiovascular adverse events continues to broaden. Recently, preclinical and clinical data seem to support an association between immune checkpoint inhibitors and accelerated atherosclerosis as well as atherosclerotic cardiovascular events such as cardiac ischemic disease, stroke, and peripheral artery disease. In this review, by offering a comprehensive overview of the pivotal role of inflammation in atherosclerosis, we focus on the potential molecular pathways underlying the effects of immune checkpoint inhibitors on cardiovascular diseases. Moreover, we provide an overview of therapeutic strategies for cancer patients undergoing immunotherapy to prevent the development of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Piras
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00189 Rome, Italy
| | - Michela Zuccanti
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00189 Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Russo
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00189 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Riccio
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00189 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Agresti
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00189 Rome, Italy
| | - Camilla Lustri
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00189 Rome, Italy
| | - Domenico Dardani
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00189 Rome, Italy
| | - Armando Ferrera
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00189 Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Fiorentini
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00189 Rome, Italy
| | - Giuliano Tocci
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00189 Rome, Italy
| | - Giacomo Tini Melato
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00189 Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Volpe
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00189 Rome, Italy
- IRCCS San Raffaele, 00166 Rome, Italy
| | - Emanuele Barbato
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00189 Rome, Italy
| | - Allegra Battistoni
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00189 Rome, Italy
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