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Jensen O, Trujillo E, Hanson L, Ost KS. Controlling Candida: immune regulation of commensal fungi in the gut. Infect Immun 2024; 92:e0051623. [PMID: 38647290 PMCID: PMC11385159 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00516-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The intestinal microbiome harbors fungi that pose a significant risk to human health as opportunistic pathogens and drivers of inflammation. Inflammatory and autoimmune diseases are associated with dysbiotic fungal communities and the expansion of potentially pathogenic fungi. The gut is also the main reservoir for disseminated fungal infections. Immune interactions are critical for preventing commensal fungi from becoming pathogenic. Significant strides have been made in defining innate and adaptive immune pathways that regulate intestinal fungi, and these discoveries have coincided with advancements in our understanding of the fungal molecular pathways and effectors involved in both commensal colonization and pathogenesis within the gut. In this review, we will discuss immune interactions important for regulating commensal fungi, with a focus on how specific cell types and effectors interact with fungi to limit their colonization or pathogenic potential. This will include how innate and adaptive immune pathways target fungi and orchestrate antifungal immune responses, in addition to how secreted immune effectors, such as mucus and antimicrobial peptides, regulate fungal colonization and inhibit pathogenic potential. These immune interactions will be framed around our current understanding of the fungal effectors and pathways regulating colonization and pathogenesis within this niche. Finally, we highlight important unexplored mechanisms by which the immune system regulates commensal fungi in the gut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Owen Jensen
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Emma Trujillo
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Luke Hanson
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Kyla S Ost
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
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2
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Portela FVM, Andrade ARCD, Pereira LMG, da Silva BN, Peixoto PHS, Amando BR, Fiallos NDM, Souza PDFSMD, Lima-Neto RGD, Guedes GMDM, Castelo-Branco DSCM, Cordeiro RDA. Antibiotics stimulates the development of persistent cells in biofilms of Candida albicans bloodstream isolates. BIOFOULING 2024:1-9. [PMID: 39219014 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2024.2396013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Revised: 08/10/2024] [Accepted: 08/18/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Candida albicans invasive candidiasis is considered a global health problem. In such cases, biofilm formation on implanted devices represents a therapeutic challenge and the presence of metabolically inactive persistent cells (PCs) in these communities increases their tolerance to fungicidal drugs. This study investigated the influence of amoxicillin, AMX; cefepime, CEF; gentamicin, GEN; amikacin, AMK; vancomycin, VAN; and ciprofloxacin, CIP; on the production of PCs in biofilms of C. albicans bloodstream isolates. 48 h-mature biofilms (n = 6) grown in RPMI-1640 supplemented with antibiotics were treated with 100 μg ml-1 amphotericin B and then evaluated for PCs. Biofilms grown in the presence of antibiotics produced more PCs, up to 10×, when exposed to AMX and CIP; 5 × to CEF; and 6 × to GEN and VAN. The results indicate that antibiotics can modulate PC production in C. albicans biofilms. This scenario may have clinical repercussions in immunocompromised patients under broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Nicole de Mello Fiallos
- Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
- College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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3
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Vega-Abellaneda S, Dopazo C, Yañez F, Soler Z, Xie Z, Canalda-Baltrons A, Pons-Tarín M, Bilbao I, Manichanh C. Microbiome composition recovery after liver transplantation correlates with initial liver disease severity and antibiotics treatment. Am J Transplant 2024; 24:1623-1633. [PMID: 38556088 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajt.2024.03.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Liver transplantation (LT) is crucial for end-stage liver disease, but it is linked to infection risks. Pathobionts, microorganisms potentially harmful under specific conditions, can cause complications posttransplant. Monitoring such pathogens in fecal samples can be challenging and therefore remains underexplored post-LT. This study aimed to analyze the gut microbiome before and after LT, tracking pathobionts and correlating clinical data. The study involved 17 liver transplant recipients, 17 healthy relatives (spouses), and 13 donors. Gut samples collected pretranplantation and posttransplantation underwent bacterial and fungal profiling through DNA sequencing. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to assess microbial load. Statistical analyses included alpha and beta diversity measures, differential abundance analysis, and correlation tests between microbiome and clinical parameters. Microbiome analysis revealed dynamic changes in diversity posttransplant. Notably, high-severity patients showed persistent and greater dysbiosis during the first months post-LT compared with low-severity patients, partly due to an antibiotic treatment pre-LT. The analysis identified a higher proportion of pathogens such as Escherichia coli/Shigella flexneri in high-severity cases posttransplant. Furthermore, butyrate producers including Roseburia intestinalis, Anaerostipes hadrus, and Eubacterium coprostanoligenes were positively correlated with levels of albumin. This study offers valuable insights into post-LT microbiome changes, shedding light on the need for tailored prophylactic treatment post-LT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Vega-Abellaneda
- Microbiome Lab, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Dopazo
- Department of HPB Surgery and Transplants, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER of Hepatic and Digestive Diseases (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisca Yañez
- Microbiome Lab, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Zaida Soler
- Microbiome Lab, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Zixuan Xie
- Microbiome Lab, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Aleix Canalda-Baltrons
- Microbiome Lab, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marc Pons-Tarín
- Microbiome Lab, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Itxarone Bilbao
- Department of HPB Surgery and Transplants, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER of Hepatic and Digestive Diseases (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Chaysavanh Manichanh
- Microbiome Lab, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER of Hepatic and Digestive Diseases (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain; Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
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4
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Yan ZZ, Hu HW, Xiong C, Peleg AY, Chen QL, Sáez-Sandino T, Maestre F, Delgado-Baquerizo M, Singh BK. Environmental microbiome, human fungal pathogens, and antimicrobial resistance. Trends Microbiol 2024:S0966-842X(24)00215-4. [PMID: 39304419 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2024.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Revised: 08/05/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 09/22/2024]
Abstract
Traditionally, antifungal resistance (AFR) has received much less attention compared with bacterial resistance to antibiotics. However, global changes, pandemics, and emerging new fungal infections have highlighted global health consequences of AFR. The recent report of the World Health Organisation (WHO) has identified fungal priority pathogens, and recognised AFR among the greatest global health threats. This is particularly important given the significant increase in fungal infections linked to climate change and pandemics. Environmental factors play critical roles in AFR and fungal infections, as many clinically relevant fungal pathogens and AFR originate from the environment (mainly soil). In addition, the environment serves as a potential rich source for the discovery of new antifungal agents, including mycoviruses and bacterial probiotics, which hold promise for effective therapies. In this article, we summarise the environmental pathways of AFR development and spread among high priority fungal pathogens, and propose potential mechanisms of AFR development and spread. We identify a research priority list to address key knowledge gaps in our understanding of environmental AFR. Further, we propose an integrated roadmap for predictive risk management of AFR that is critical for effective surveillance and forecasting of public health outcomes under current and future climatic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Zhen Yan
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, Australia
| | - Hang-Wei Hu
- School of Agriculture, Food, and Ecosystem Science, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Chao Xiong
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, Australia
| | - Anton Y Peleg
- Department of Infectious Disease, The Alfred Hospital and Central Clinical School, Monash University, Victoria, Australia; Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia; Centre to Impact Antimicrobial Resistance, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Qing-Lin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Ningbo Observation and Research Station, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Science, Xiamen, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tadeo Sáez-Sandino
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, Australia
| | - Fernando Maestre
- Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Manuel Delgado-Baquerizo
- Laboratorio de Biodiversidad y Funcionamiento Ecosistémico, Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla (IRNAS), CSIC, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Brajesh K Singh
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, Australia.
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5
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Anderson MZ, Dietz SM. Evolution and strain diversity advance exploration of Candida albicans biology. mSphere 2024; 9:e0064123. [PMID: 39012122 PMCID: PMC11351040 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00641-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Fungi were some of the earliest organismal systems used to explore mutational processes and its phenotypic consequences on members of a species. Yeasts that cause significant human disease were quickly incorporated into these investigations to define the genetic and phenotypic drivers of virulence. Among Candida species, Candida albicans has emerged as a model for studying genomic processes of evolution because of its clinical relevance, relatively small genome, and ability to tolerate complex chromosomal changes. Here, we describe major recent findings that used evolution of strains from defined genetic backgrounds to delineate mutational and adaptative processes and include how nascent exploration into naturally occurring variation is contributing to these conceptual frameworks. Ultimately, efforts to discern adaptive mechanisms used by C. albicans will continue to divulge new biology and can better inform treatment regimens for the increasing prevalence of fungal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Z. Anderson
- Department of Medical Genetics, Laboratory of Genetics, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Center for Genomic Science Innovation, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Siobhan M. Dietz
- Cellular and Molecular Pathology Graduate Program, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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6
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Li W, Chen H, Tang J. Interplay between Bile Acids and Intestinal Microbiota: Regulatory Mechanisms and Therapeutic Potential for Infections. Pathogens 2024; 13:702. [PMID: 39204302 PMCID: PMC11356816 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13080702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2024] [Revised: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Bile acids (BAs) play a crucial role in the human body's defense against infections caused by bacteria, fungi, and viruses. BAs counteract infections not only through interactions with intestinal bacteria exhibiting bile salt hydrolase (BSH) activity but they also directly combat infections. Building upon our research group's previous discoveries highlighting the role of BAs in combating infections, we have initiated an in-depth investigation into the interactions between BAs and intestinal microbiota. Leveraging the existing literature, we offer a comprehensive analysis of the relationships between BAs and 16 key microbiota. This investigation encompasses bacteria (e.g., Clostridioides difficile (C. difficile), Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), Escherichia coli, Enterococcus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis), Bacteroides, Clostridium scindens (C. scindens), Streptococcus thermophilus, Clostridium butyricum (C. butyricum), and lactic acid bacteria), fungi (e.g., Candida albicans (C. albicans) and Saccharomyces boulardii), and viruses (e.g., coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, influenza virus, and norovirus). Our research found that Bacteroides, C. scindens, Streptococcus thermophilus, Saccharomyces boulardii, C. butyricum, and lactic acid bacteria can regulate the metabolism and function of BSHs and 7α-dehydroxylase. BSHs and 7α-dehydroxylase play crucial roles in the conversion of primary bile acid (PBA) to secondary bile acid (SBA). It is important to note that PBAs generally promote infections, while SBAs often exhibit distinct anti-infection roles. In the antimicrobial action of BAs, SBAs demonstrate antagonistic properties against a wide range of microbiota, with the exception of norovirus. Given the intricate interplay between BAs and intestinal microbiota, and their regulatory effects on infections, we assert that BAs hold significant potential as a novel approach for preventing and treating microbial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hui Chen
- Department of Trauma-Emergency & Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Fifth People’s Hospital, Fudan University, 128 Ruili Road, Shanghai 200240, China;
| | - Jianguo Tang
- Department of Trauma-Emergency & Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Fifth People’s Hospital, Fudan University, 128 Ruili Road, Shanghai 200240, China;
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7
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Marsaux B, Moens F, Vandevijver G, Marzorati M, van de Wiele T. Candida species-specific colonization in the healthy and impaired human gastrointestinal tract as simulated using the Mucosal Ileum-SHIME® model. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2024; 100:fiae113. [PMID: 39169462 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiae113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Candida species primarily exist as harmless commensals in the gastrointestinal tract of warm-blooded animals. However, they can also cause life-threatening infections, which are often associated with gut microbial dysbiosis. Identifying the microbial actors that restrict Candida to commensalism remains a significant challenge. In vitro models could enable a mechanistic study of the interactions between Candida and simulated colon microbiomes. Therefore, this study aimed to elucidate the spatial and temporal colonization kinetics of specific Candida, including C. albicans, C. tropicalis, and C. parapsilosis, and their relative Nakaseomyces glabratus, by using an adapted SHIME® model, simulating the ileum, and proximal and distal colons. We monitored fungal and bacterial colonization kinetics under conditions of eubiosis (commensal lifestyle) and antibiotic-induced dysbiosis (pathogenic lifestyle). Our findings highlighted the variability in the colonization potential of Candida species across different intestinal regions. The ileum compartment proved to be the most favourable environment for C. albicans and C. parapsilosis under conditions of eubiosis. Antibiotic-induced dysbiosis resulted in resurgence of opportunistic Candida species, especially C. tropicalis and C. albicans. Future research should focus on identifying specific bacterial species influencing Candida colonization resistance and explore the long-term effects of antibiotics on the mycobiome and bacteriome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoît Marsaux
- ProDigest B.V., 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- CMET, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | | | | | - Massimo Marzorati
- ProDigest B.V., 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- CMET, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tom van de Wiele
- ProDigest B.V., 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- CMET, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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8
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Zhai B, Liao C, Jaggavarapu S, Tang Y, Rolling T, Ning Y, Sun T, Bergin SA, Gjonbalaj M, Miranda E, Babady NE, Bader O, Taur Y, Butler G, Zhang L, Xavier JB, Weiss DS, Hohl TM. Antifungal heteroresistance causes prophylaxis failure and facilitates breakthrough Candida parapsilosis infections. Nat Med 2024:10.1038/s41591-024-03183-4. [PMID: 39095599 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-024-03183-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Breakthrough fungal infections in patients on antimicrobial prophylaxis during allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT) represent a major and often unexplained cause of morbidity and mortality. Candida parapsilosis is a common cause of invasive candidiasis and has been classified as a high-priority fungal pathogen by the World Health Organization. In high-risk allo-HCT recipients on micafungin prophylaxis, we show that heteroresistance (the presence of a phenotypically unstable, low-frequency subpopulation of resistant cells (~1 in 10,000)) underlies breakthrough bloodstream infections by C. parapsilosis. By analyzing 219 clinical isolates from North America, Europe and Asia, we demonstrate widespread micafungin heteroresistance in C. parapsilosis. Standard antimicrobial susceptibility tests, such as broth microdilution or gradient diffusion assays, which guide drug selection for invasive infections, fail to detect micafungin heteroresistance in C. parapsilosis. To facilitate rapid detection of micafungin heteroresistance in C. parapsilosis, we constructed a predictive machine learning framework that classifies isolates as heteroresistant or susceptible using a maximum of ten genomic features. These results connect heteroresistance to unexplained antifungal prophylaxis failure in allo-HCT recipients and demonstrate a proof-of-principle diagnostic approach with the potential to guide clinical decisions and improve patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Zhai
- Key Laboratory of Quantitative Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China.
- Infectious Disease Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
- Immunology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Chen Liao
- Computational and Systems Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Siddharth Jaggavarapu
- Emory Antibiotic Resistance Center, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Emory Vaccine Center, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Yuanyuan Tang
- Key Laboratory of Quantitative Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Thierry Rolling
- Infectious Disease Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Immunology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yating Ning
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Mechanisms Research and Precision Diagnosis of Invasive Fungal Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Tianshu Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Mechanisms Research and Precision Diagnosis of Invasive Fungal Diseases, Beijing, China
- Clinical Biobank, Medical Research Center, National Science and Technology Key Infrastructure on Translational Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Sean A Bergin
- School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mergim Gjonbalaj
- Infectious Disease Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Immunology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Edwin Miranda
- Clinical Microbiology Service, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - N Esther Babady
- Infectious Disease Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Clinical Microbiology Service, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Oliver Bader
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Virology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ying Taur
- Infectious Disease Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Geraldine Butler
- School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Mechanisms Research and Precision Diagnosis of Invasive Fungal Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Joao B Xavier
- Computational and Systems Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - David S Weiss
- Emory Antibiotic Resistance Center, Atlanta, GA, USA.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
- Emory Vaccine Center, Atlanta, GA, USA.
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Tobias M Hohl
- Infectious Disease Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
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9
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Mills KAM, Aufiero MA, Hohl TM. Epithelial responses to fungal pathogens. Curr Opin Microbiol 2024; 80:102508. [PMID: 38986398 PMCID: PMC11331878 DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2024.102508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Epithelial cells orchestrate immune responses against fungal pathogens. This review highlights advances in integrating epithelial cells in immune responses against inhaled molds and dimorphic fungi, and against Candida species that colonize mucosal surfaces. In the lung, epithelial cells respond to interleukin-1 (IL-1) and interferon signaling to regulate effector cell influx and fungal killing. In the alimentary and vulvovaginal tracts, epithelial cells modulate fungal commensalism, invasive growth, and local immune tone, in part by responding to damage caused by candidalysin, a C. albicans peptide toxin, and through IL-17-dependent release of antimicrobial peptides that contribute to Candida colonization resistance. Understanding fungal-epithelial interactions in mammalian models of disease is critical to predict vulnerabilities and to identify opportunities for immune-based strategies to treat fungal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen A M Mills
- Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mariano A Aufiero
- Louis V. Gerstner Jr. Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tobias M Hohl
- Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, NY, USA; Louis V. Gerstner Jr. Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA; Infectious Disease Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA; Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
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10
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Savage HP, Bays DJ, Tiffany CR, Gonzalez MAF, Bejarano EJ, Carvalho TP, Luo Z, Masson HLP, Nguyen H, Santos RL, Reagan KL, Thompson GR, Bäumler AJ. Epithelial hypoxia maintains colonization resistance against Candida albicans. Cell Host Microbe 2024; 32:1103-1113.e6. [PMID: 38838675 PMCID: PMC11239274 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2024.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Antibiotic treatment promotes the outgrowth of intestinal Candida albicans, but the mechanisms driving this fungal bloom remain incompletely understood. We identify oxygen as a resource required for post-antibiotic C. albicans expansion. C. albicans depleted simple sugars in the ceca of gnotobiotic mice but required oxygen to grow on these resources in vitro, pointing to anaerobiosis as a potential factor limiting growth in the gut. Clostridia species limit oxygen availability in the large intestine by producing butyrate, which activates peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ) signaling to maintain epithelial hypoxia. Streptomycin treatment depleted Clostridia-derived butyrate to increase epithelial oxygenation, but the PPAR-γ agonist 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) functionally replaced Clostridia species to restore epithelial hypoxia and colonization resistance against C. albicans. Additionally, probiotic Escherichia coli required oxygen respiration to prevent a post-antibiotic bloom of C. albicans, further supporting the role of oxygen in colonization resistance. We conclude that limited access to oxygen maintains colonization resistance against C. albicans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah P Savage
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Derek J Bays
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Connor R Tiffany
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Mariela A F Gonzalez
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Eli J Bejarano
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Thaynara P Carvalho
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; Departamento de Clinica e Cirurgia Veterinárias, Escola de Veterinária da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antonio Carlos, 6627 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Zheng Luo
- Department of Pathology Microbiology and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Hugo L P Masson
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Henry Nguyen
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Renato L Santos
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; Departamento de Clinica e Cirurgia Veterinárias, Escola de Veterinária da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antonio Carlos, 6627 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Krystle L Reagan
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95615, USA
| | - George R Thompson
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Andreas J Bäumler
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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11
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Li Y, Qiao X, Feng Y, Zhou R, Zhang K, Pan Y, Yan T, Yan L, Yang S, Wei X, Li P, Xu C, Lv Z, Tian Z. Characterization of the gut microbiota and fecal metabolome in the osteosarcoma mouse model. Aging (Albany NY) 2024; 16:10841-10859. [PMID: 38967635 PMCID: PMC11272122 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Previous studies have reported the correlation between gut microbiota (GM), GM-derived metabolites, and various intestinal and extra-intestinal cancers. However, limited studies have investigated the correlation between GM, GM-derived metabolites, and osteosarcoma (OS). This study successfully established a female BALB/c nude mouse model of OS. Mice (n = 14) were divided into the following two groups (n = 7/group): OS group named OG, injected with Saos-2 OS cells; normal control group named NCG, injected with Matrigel. The GM composition and metabolites were characterized using 16S rDNA sequencing and untargeted metabolomics, respectively. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that amino acid metabolism was dysregulated in OS. The abundances of bone metabolism-related genera Alloprevotella, Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group, and Muribaculum were correlated with amino acid metabolism, especially histidine metabolism. These findings suggest the correlation between GM, GM-derived metabolites, and OS pathogenesis. Clinical significance: The currently used standard therapeutic strategies for OS, including surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation, are not efficacious. The findings of this study provided novel insights for developing therapeutic, diagnostic, and prognostic strategies for OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Li
- Second Clinical Medical College, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, P.R. China
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Bone and Soft Tissue Injury Repair, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, P.R. China
| | - Xiaochen Qiao
- Second Clinical Medical College, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, P.R. China
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Bone and Soft Tissue Injury Repair, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, P.R. China
| | - Yi Feng
- Second Clinical Medical College, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, P.R. China
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Bone and Soft Tissue Injury Repair, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, P.R. China
| | - Ruhao Zhou
- Second Clinical Medical College, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, P.R. China
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Bone and Soft Tissue Injury Repair, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, P.R. China
| | - Kun Zhang
- Second Clinical Medical College, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, P.R. China
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Bone and Soft Tissue Injury Repair, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, P.R. China
| | - Yongchun Pan
- Department of Orthopedics, Third People's Hospital of Datong City, Datong 037006, Shanxi, P.R. China
| | - Ting Yan
- Translational Medicine Center, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, P.R. China
| | - Lei Yan
- Second Clinical Medical College, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, P.R. China
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Bone and Soft Tissue Injury Repair, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, P.R. China
| | - Sen Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second People's Hospital of Changzhi, Changzhi 046000, Shanxi, P.R. China
| | - Xiaochun Wei
- Second Clinical Medical College, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, P.R. China
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Bone and Soft Tissue Injury Repair, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, P.R. China
| | - Pengcui Li
- Second Clinical Medical College, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, P.R. China
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Bone and Soft Tissue Injury Repair, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, P.R. China
| | - Chaojian Xu
- Second Clinical Medical College, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, P.R. China
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Bone and Soft Tissue Injury Repair, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, P.R. China
| | - Zhi Lv
- Second Clinical Medical College, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, P.R. China
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Bone and Soft Tissue Injury Repair, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, P.R. China
| | - Zhi Tian
- Second Clinical Medical College, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, P.R. China
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Bone and Soft Tissue Injury Repair, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, P.R. China
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12
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Katsipoulaki M, Stappers MHT, Malavia-Jones D, Brunke S, Hube B, Gow NAR. Candida albicans and Candida glabrata: global priority pathogens. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 2024; 88:e0002123. [PMID: 38832801 PMCID: PMC11332356 DOI: 10.1128/mmbr.00021-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
SUMMARYA significant increase in the incidence of Candida-mediated infections has been observed in the last decade, mainly due to rising numbers of susceptible individuals. Recently, the World Health Organization published its first fungal pathogen priority list, with Candida species listed in medium, high, and critical priority categories. This review is a synthesis of information and recent advances in our understanding of two of these species-Candida albicans and Candida glabrata. Of these, C. albicans is the most common cause of candidemia around the world and is categorized as a critical priority pathogen. C. glabrata is considered a high-priority pathogen and has become an increasingly important cause of candidemia in recent years. It is now the second most common causative agent of candidemia in many geographical regions. Despite their differences and phylogenetic divergence, they are successful as pathogens and commensals of humans. Both species can cause a broad variety of infections, ranging from superficial to potentially lethal systemic infections. While they share similarities in certain infection strategies, including tissue adhesion and invasion, they differ significantly in key aspects of their biology, interaction with immune cells, host damage strategies, and metabolic adaptations. Here we provide insights on key aspects of their biology, epidemiology, commensal and pathogenic lifestyles, interactions with the immune system, and antifungal resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myrto Katsipoulaki
- Department of Microbial Pathogenicity Mechanisms, Hans Knoell Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Mark H. T. Stappers
- MRC Centre for Medical Mycology, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Dhara Malavia-Jones
- MRC Centre for Medical Mycology, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Sascha Brunke
- Department of Microbial Pathogenicity Mechanisms, Hans Knoell Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Bernhard Hube
- Department of Microbial Pathogenicity Mechanisms, Hans Knoell Institute, Jena, Germany
- Institute of Microbiology, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - Neil A. R. Gow
- MRC Centre for Medical Mycology, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
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13
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Wang X, Zhou S, Hu X, Ye C, Nie Q, Wang K, Yan S, Lin J, Xu F, Li M, Wu Q, Sun L, Liu B, Zhang Y, Yun C, Wang X, Liu H, Yin WB, Zhao D, Hang J, Zhang S, Jiang C, Pang Y. Candida albicans accelerates atherosclerosis by activating intestinal hypoxia-inducible factor2α signaling. Cell Host Microbe 2024; 32:964-979.e7. [PMID: 38754418 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2024.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
The gut microbiota is closely linked to atherosclerosis. However, the role of intestinal fungi, essential members of the complex microbial community, in atherosclerosis is poorly understood. Herein, we show that gut fungi dysbiosis is implicated in patients with dyslipidemia, characterized by higher levels of Candida albicans (C. albicans), which are positively correlated with plasma total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) levels. Furthermore, C. albicans colonization aggravates atherosclerosis progression in a mouse model of the disease. Through gain- and loss-of-function studies, we show that an intestinal hypoxia-inducible factor 2α (HIF-2α)-ceramide pathway mediates the effect of C. albicans. Mechanistically, formyl-methionine, a metabolite of C. albicans, activates intestinal HIF-2α signaling, which drives increased ceramide synthesis to accelerate atherosclerosis. Administration of the HIF-2α selective antagonist PT2385 alleviates atherosclerosis in mice by reducing ceramide levels. Our findings identify a role for intestinal fungi in atherosclerosis progression and highlight the intestinal HIF-2α-ceramide pathway as a target for atherosclerosis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemei Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Medicine Innovation Center for Fundamental Research on Major Immunology-related Diseases, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Center for Obesity and Metabolic Disease Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Shuang Zhou
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Medicine Innovation Center for Fundamental Research on Major Immunology-related Diseases, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Center for Obesity and Metabolic Disease Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xiaomin Hu
- Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Chuan Ye
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Medicine Innovation Center for Fundamental Research on Major Immunology-related Diseases, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Center for Obesity and Metabolic Disease Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Qixing Nie
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Medicine Innovation Center for Fundamental Research on Major Immunology-related Diseases, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Center for Obesity and Metabolic Disease Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Medicine Innovation Center for Fundamental Research on Major Immunology-related Diseases, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Center for Obesity and Metabolic Disease Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Sen Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Female Fertility Promotion, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China; National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jun Lin
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Medicine Innovation Center for Fundamental Research on Major Immunology-related Diseases, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Center for Obesity and Metabolic Disease Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Feng Xu
- Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacometrics, Janssen China Research & Development, Beijing, China
| | - Meng Li
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Medicine Innovation Center for Fundamental Research on Major Immunology-related Diseases, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Center for Obesity and Metabolic Disease Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Qing Wu
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Lulu Sun
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China; State Key Laboratory of Female Fertility Promotion, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Center for Obesity and Metabolic Disease Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Cancer Center, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China; Center of Basic Medical Research, Institute of Medical Innovation and Research, Third Hospital, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Chuyu Yun
- State Key Laboratory of Female Fertility Promotion, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China; National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xian Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Center for Obesity and Metabolic Disease Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Huiying Liu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Medicine Innovation Center for Fundamental Research on Major Immunology-related Diseases, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Center for Obesity and Metabolic Disease Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Wen-Bing Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Dongyu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Department of Biomedical Informatics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jing Hang
- State Key Laboratory of Female Fertility Promotion, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China; National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Shuyang Zhang
- Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China.
| | - Changtao Jiang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Medicine Innovation Center for Fundamental Research on Major Immunology-related Diseases, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Center for Obesity and Metabolic Disease Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Center of Basic Medical Research, Institute of Medical Innovation and Research, Third Hospital, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Yanli Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Female Fertility Promotion, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China; National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China.
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14
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Kaden T, Alonso-Roman R, Akbarimoghaddam P, Mosig AS, Graf K, Raasch M, Hoffmann B, Figge MT, Hube B, Gresnigt MS. Modeling of intravenous caspofungin administration using an intestine-on-chip reveals altered Candida albicans microcolonies and pathogenicity. Biomaterials 2024; 307:122525. [PMID: 38489910 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2024.122525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Candida albicans is a commensal yeast of the human intestinal microbiota that, under predisposing conditions, can become pathogenic and cause life-threatening systemic infections (candidiasis). Fungal-host interactions during candidiasis are commonly studied using conventional 2D in vitro models, which have provided critical insights into the pathogenicity. However, microphysiological models with a higher biological complexity may be more suitable to mimic in vivo-like infection processes and antifungal drug efficacy. Therefore, a 3D intestine-on-chip model was used to investigate fungal-host interactions during the onset of invasive candidiasis and evaluate antifungal treatment under clinically relevant conditions. By combining microbiological and image-based analyses we quantified infection processes such as invasiveness and fungal translocation across the epithelial barrier. Additionally, we obtained novel insights into fungal microcolony morphology and association with the tissue. Our results demonstrate that C. albicans microcolonies induce injury to the epithelial tissue by disrupting apical cell-cell contacts and causing inflammation. Caspofungin treatment effectively reduced the fungal biomass and induced substantial alterations in microcolony morphology during infection with a wild-type strain. However, caspofungin showed limited effects after infection with an echinocandin-resistant clinical isolate. Collectively, this organ-on-chip model can be leveraged for in-depth characterization of pathogen-host interactions and alterations due to antimicrobial treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Kaden
- Dynamic42 GmbH, Jena, Germany; Institute of Biochemistry II, Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Raquel Alonso-Roman
- Department of Microbial Pathogenicity Mechanisms, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology - Hans-Knöll-Institute, Jena, Germany; Cluster of Excellence Balance of the Microverse, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Parastoo Akbarimoghaddam
- Cluster of Excellence Balance of the Microverse, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany; Applied Systems Biology, HKI-Center for Systems Biology of Infection, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology - Hans-Knöll-Institute, Jena, Germany; Faculty of Biological Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - Alexander S Mosig
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany; Cluster of Excellence Balance of the Microverse, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | | | | | - Bianca Hoffmann
- Applied Systems Biology, HKI-Center for Systems Biology of Infection, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology - Hans-Knöll-Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Marc T Figge
- Cluster of Excellence Balance of the Microverse, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany; Applied Systems Biology, HKI-Center for Systems Biology of Infection, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology - Hans-Knöll-Institute, Jena, Germany; Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany.
| | - Bernhard Hube
- Department of Microbial Pathogenicity Mechanisms, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology - Hans-Knöll-Institute, Jena, Germany; Cluster of Excellence Balance of the Microverse, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany; Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany.
| | - Mark S Gresnigt
- Cluster of Excellence Balance of the Microverse, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany; Junior Research Group Adaptive Pathogenicity Strategies, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology - Hans-Knöll-Institute, Jena, Germany.
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15
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Elhaj Mahmoud D, Hérivaux A, Morio F, Briard B, Vigneau C, Desoubeaux G, Bouchara JP, Gangneux JP, Nevez G, Le Gal S, Papon N. The epidemiology of invasive fungal infections in transplant recipients. Biomed J 2024; 47:100719. [PMID: 38580051 PMCID: PMC11220536 DOI: 10.1016/j.bj.2024.100719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Transplant patients, including solid-organ transplant (SOT) and hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients, are exposed to various types of complications, particularly rejection. To prevent these outcomes, transplant recipients commonly receive long-term immunosuppressive regimens that in turn make them more susceptible to a wide array of infectious diseases, notably those caused by opportunistic pathogens. Among these, invasive fungal infections (IFIs) remain a major cause of mortality and morbidity in both SOT and HSCT recipients. Despite the continuing improvement in early diagnostics and treatments of IFIs, the management of these infections in transplant patients is still complicated. Here, we provide an overview concerning the most recent trends in the epidemiology of IFIs in SOT and HSCT recipients by describing the prominent yeast and mold species involved, the timing of post-transplant IFIs and the risk factors associated with their occurrence in these particularly weak populations. We also give special emphasis into basic research advances in the field that recently suggested a role of the global and long-term prophylactic regimen in orchestrating various biological disturbances in the organism and conditioning the emergence of the most adapted fungal strains to the particular physiological profiles of transplant patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorra Elhaj Mahmoud
- University of Angers, University of Brest, Infections Respiratoires Fongiques, SFR Interactions Cellulaires et Applications Thérapeutiques, Angers, France
| | - Anaïs Hérivaux
- University of Angers, University of Brest, Infections Respiratoires Fongiques, SFR Interactions Cellulaires et Applications Thérapeutiques, Angers, France
| | - Florent Morio
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, Cibles et Médicaments des Infections et de L'Immunité, UR1155, Nantes, France
| | - Benoit Briard
- INSERM, Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires (CEPR), UMR 1100, Université de Tours, Faculté de Médecine de Tours, Tours, France; CHRU Tours, Parasitologie-Mycologie Médicale-Médecine Tropicale, Tours, France
| | - Cécile Vigneau
- University of Rennes, CHU Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail), UMR_S, 1085, Rennes, France; Division of Nephrology, Rennes University Hospital, Rennes, France
| | - Guillaume Desoubeaux
- INSERM, Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires (CEPR), UMR 1100, Université de Tours, Faculté de Médecine de Tours, Tours, France; CHRU Tours, Parasitologie-Mycologie Médicale-Médecine Tropicale, Tours, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Bouchara
- University of Angers, University of Brest, Infections Respiratoires Fongiques, SFR Interactions Cellulaires et Applications Thérapeutiques, Angers, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Gangneux
- University of Rennes, CHU Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail), UMR_S, 1085, Rennes, France; Laboratory of Parasitology and Medical Mycology, European Confederation of Medical Mycology (ECMM) Excellence Center, Centre National de Référence Aspergilloses Chroniques, Rennes University Hospital, Rennes, France
| | - Gilles Nevez
- Laboratory of Parasitology and Mycology, Brest University Hospital, Brest, France; University of Brest, University of Angers, Infections Respiratoires Fongiques, SFR Interactions Cellulaires et Applications Thérapeutiques, Brest, France
| | - Solène Le Gal
- Laboratory of Parasitology and Mycology, Brest University Hospital, Brest, France; University of Brest, University of Angers, Infections Respiratoires Fongiques, SFR Interactions Cellulaires et Applications Thérapeutiques, Brest, France
| | - Nicolas Papon
- University of Angers, University of Brest, Infections Respiratoires Fongiques, SFR Interactions Cellulaires et Applications Thérapeutiques, Angers, France.
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16
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Hsieh YYP, Sun W, Young JM, Cheung R, Hogan DA, Dandekar AA, Malik HS. Widespread fungal-bacterial competition for magnesium lowers bacterial susceptibility to polymyxin antibiotics. PLoS Biol 2024; 22:e3002694. [PMID: 38900845 PMCID: PMC11218974 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3002694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Fungi and bacteria coexist in many polymicrobial communities, yet the molecular basis of their interactions remains poorly understood. Here, we show that the fungus Candida albicans sequesters essential magnesium ions from the bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa. To counteract fungal Mg2+ sequestration, P. aeruginosa expresses the Mg2+ transporter MgtA when Mg2+ levels are low. Thus, loss of MgtA specifically impairs P. aeruginosa in co-culture with C. albicans, but fitness can be restored by supplementing Mg2+. Using a panel of fungi and bacteria, we show that Mg2+ sequestration is a general mechanism of fungal antagonism against gram-negative bacteria. Mg2+ limitation enhances bacterial resistance to polymyxin antibiotics like colistin, which target gram-negative bacterial membranes. Indeed, experimental evolution reveals that P. aeruginosa evolves C. albicans-dependent colistin resistance via non-canonical means; antifungal treatment renders resistant bacteria colistin-sensitive. Our work suggests that fungal-bacterial competition could profoundly impact polymicrobial infection treatment with antibiotics of last resort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ying Phoebe Hsieh
- Division of Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Wanting Sun
- Division of Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Janet M. Young
- Division of Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Robin Cheung
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Deborah A. Hogan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States of America
| | - Ajai A. Dandekar
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Harmit S. Malik
- Division of Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
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17
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Liao C, Rolling T, Djukovic A, Fei T, Mishra V, Liu H, Lindberg C, Dai L, Zhai B, Peled JU, van den Brink MRM, Hohl TM, Xavier JB. Oral bacteria relative abundance in faeces increases due to gut microbiota depletion and is linked with patient outcomes. Nat Microbiol 2024; 9:1555-1565. [PMID: 38698178 PMCID: PMC11152985 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-024-01680-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
The detection of oral bacteria in faecal samples has been associated with inflammation and intestinal diseases. The increased relative abundance of oral bacteria in faeces has two competing explanations: either oral bacteria invade the gut ecosystem and expand (the 'expansion' hypothesis), or oral bacteria transit through the gut and their relative increase marks the depletion of other gut bacteria (the 'marker' hypothesis). Here we collected oral and faecal samples from mouse models of gut dysbiosis (antibiotic treatment and DSS-induced colitis) and used 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing to determine the abundance dynamics of oral bacteria. We found that the relative, but not absolute, abundance of oral bacteria increases, reflecting the 'marker' hypothesis. Faecal microbiome datasets from diverse patient cohorts, including healthy individuals and patients with allogeneic haematopoietic cell transplantation or inflammatory bowel disease, consistently support the 'marker' hypothesis and explain associations between oral bacterial abundance and patient outcomes consistent with depleted gut microbiota. By distinguishing between the two hypotheses, our study guides the interpretation of microbiome compositional data and could potentially identify cases where therapies are needed to rebuild the resident microbiome rather than protect against invading oral bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Liao
- Program for Computational and Systems Biology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Thierry Rolling
- Infectious Disease Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Immunology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, First Department of Medicine, University Medical Center, Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ana Djukovic
- Program for Computational and Systems Biology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Teng Fei
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Vishwas Mishra
- Program for Computational and Systems Biology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Physiology, Biophysics and Systems Biology Program, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hongbin Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chloe Lindberg
- Program for Computational and Systems Biology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lei Dai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Bing Zhai
- Infectious Disease Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Immunology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jonathan U Peled
- Adult Bone Marrow Transplantation Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Marcel R M van den Brink
- Adult Bone Marrow Transplantation Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tobias M Hohl
- Infectious Disease Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
- Immunology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Joao B Xavier
- Program for Computational and Systems Biology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
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18
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McCrory C, Lenardon M, Traven A. Bacteria-derived short-chain fatty acids as potential regulators of fungal commensalism and pathogenesis. Trends Microbiol 2024:S0966-842X(24)00089-1. [PMID: 38729839 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2024.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
The human gastrointestinal microbiome encompasses bacteria, fungi, and viruses forming complex bionetworks which, for organismal health, must be in a state of homeostasis. An important homeostatic mechanism derives from microbial competition, which maintains the relative abundance of microbial species in a healthy balance. Microbes compete for nutrients and secrete metabolites that inhibit other microbes. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are one such class of metabolites made by gut bacteria to very high levels. SCFAs are metabolised by microbes and host cells and have multiple roles in regulating cell physiology. Here, we review the mechanisms by which SCFAs regulate the fungal gut commensal Candida albicans. We discuss SCFA's ability to inhibit fungal growth, limit invasive behaviours and modulate cell surface antigens recognised by immune cells. We review the mechanisms underlying these roles: regulation of gene expression, metabolism, signalling and SCFA-driven post-translational protein modifications by acylation, which contribute to changes in acylome dynamics of C. albicans with potentially large consequences for cell physiology. Given that the gut mycobiome is a reservoir for systemic disease and has also been implicated in inflammatory bowel disease, understanding the mechanisms by which bacterial metabolites, such as SCFAs, control the mycobiome might provide therapeutic avenues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher McCrory
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Infection Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Victoria, Australia; Centre to Impact AMR, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Victoria, Australia
| | - Megan Lenardon
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2052, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ana Traven
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Infection Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Victoria, Australia; Centre to Impact AMR, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Victoria, Australia.
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19
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Schluter J, Hussey G, Valeriano J, Zhang C, Sullivan A, Fenyö D. The MTIST platform: a microbiome time series inference standardized test. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-4343683. [PMID: 38766187 PMCID: PMC11100882 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4343683/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
The human gut microbiome is a promising therapeutic target, but interventions are hampered by our limited understanding of microbial ecosystems. Here, we present a platform to develop, evaluate, and score approaches to learn ecological interactions from microbiome time series data. The microbiome time series inference standardized test (MTIST) comprises: a simulation framework for the in silico generation of microbiome study data akin to what is obtained with quantitative next-generation sequencing approaches, a compilation of a large curated data set generated by the simulation framework representing 648 simulated microbiome studies containing 18,360 time series, with a total of 2,182,800 species abundance measurements, and a scoring method to rank ecological inference algorithms. We use the MTIST platform to rank five implementations of microbiome inference approaches, revealing that while all algorithms performed well on ecosystems with few species (3 and 10), all algorithms failed to infer most interaction in a large ecosystem with 100 member species. However, we do find that the strongest interactions within a large ecosystem are inferred with higher success by all algorithms. Finally, we use the MTIST platform to compare different microbiome study designs, characterizing tradeoffs between samples per subject and number of subjects. Interestingly, we find that when only few samples can be collected per subject, ecological inference is most successful when these samples are collected with highest feasible temporal frequency. Taken together, we provide a computational tool to aid the development of better microbiome ecosystem inference approaches, which will be crucial towards the development of reliable and predictable therapeutic approaches that target the microbiome ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - João Valeriano
- Centre Interdisciplinaire de Nanoscience de Marseille, Aix-Marseille Université
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20
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Bergin S, Doorley LA, Rybak JM, Wolfe KH, Butler G, Cuomo CA, Rogers PD. Analysis of clinical Candida parapsilosis isolates reveals copy number variation in key fluconazole resistance genes. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2024:e0161923. [PMID: 38712935 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01619-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
We used whole-genome sequencing to analyze a collection of 35 fluconazole-resistant and 7 susceptible Candida parapsilosis isolates together with coverage analysis and GWAS techniques to identify new mechanisms of fluconazole resistance. Phylogenetic analysis shows that although the collection is diverse, two persistent clinical lineages were identified. We identified copy number variation (CNV) of two genes, ERG11 and CDR1B, in resistant isolates. Two strains have a CNV at the ERG11 locus; the entire ORF is amplified in one, and only the promoter region is amplified in the other. We show that the annotated telomeric gene CDR1B is actually an artifactual in silico fusion of two highly similar neighboring CDR genes due to an assembly error in the C. parapsilosis CDC317 reference genome. We report highly variable copy numbers of the CDR1B region across the collection. Several strains have increased the expansion of the two genes into a tandem array of new chimeric genes. Other strains have experienced a deletion between the two genes creating a single gene with a reciprocal chimerism. We find translocations, duplications, and gene conversion across the CDR gene family in the C. parapsilosis species complex, showing that it is a highly dynamic family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean Bergin
- School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Laura A Doorley
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Jeffrey M Rybak
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Kenneth H Wolfe
- School of Medicine, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Geraldine Butler
- School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Christina A Cuomo
- Infectious Disease and Microbiome Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Molecular Microbiology and Immunology Department, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - P David Rogers
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
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21
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Drummond RA. One in, one out: Commensal fungus protects against infection. J Exp Med 2024; 221:e20240220. [PMID: 38497818 PMCID: PMC10949072 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20240220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Gut-resident fungi have a broad influence over health and disease. In this issue of JEM, Sekeresova Kralova et al. (https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.20231686) identify a commensal yeast that displaced fungal pathogen Candida albicans and protected against subsequent invasive infections that originate from the gut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca A. Drummond
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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22
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Sahu MS, Purushotham R, Kaur R. The Hog1 MAPK substrate governs Candida glabrata-epithelial cell adhesion via the histone H2A variant. PLoS Genet 2024; 20:e1011281. [PMID: 38743788 PMCID: PMC11125552 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1011281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
CgHog1, terminal kinase of the high-osmolarity glycerol signalling pathway, orchestrates cellular response to multiple external stimuli including surplus-environmental iron in the human fungal pathogen Candida glabrata (Cg). However, CgHog1 substrates remain unidentified. Here, we show that CgHog1 adversely affects Cg adherence to host stomach and kidney epithelial cells in vitro, but promotes Cg survival in the iron-rich gastrointestinal tract niche. Further, CgHog1 interactome and in vitro phosphorylation analysis revealed CgSub2 (putative RNA helicase) to be a CgHog1 substrate, with CgSub2 also governing iron homeostasis and host adhesion. CgSub2 positively regulated EPA1 (encodes a major adhesin) expression and host adherence via its interactor CgHtz1 (histone H2A variant). Notably, both CgHog1 and surplus environmental iron had a negative impact on CgSub2-CgHtz1 interaction, with CgHTZ1 or CgSUB2 deletion reversing the elevated adherence of Cghog1Δ to epithelial cells. Finally, the surplus-extracellular iron led to CgHog1 activation, increased CgSub2 phosphorylation, elevated CgSub2-CgHta (canonical histone H2A) interaction, and EPA1 transcriptional activation, thereby underscoring the iron-responsive, CgHog1-induced exchange of histone partners of CgSub2. Altogether, our work mechanistically defines how CgHog1 couples Epa1 adhesin expression with iron abundance, and point towards specific chromatin composition modification programs that probably aid fungal pathogens align their adherence to iron-rich (gut) and iron-poor (blood) host niches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahima Sagar Sahu
- Laboratory of Fungal Pathogenesis, Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics, Hyderabad, India
- Graduate studies, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Rajaram Purushotham
- Laboratory of Fungal Pathogenesis, Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics, Hyderabad, India
| | - Rupinder Kaur
- Laboratory of Fungal Pathogenesis, Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics, Hyderabad, India
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23
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Galloway-Peña J, Iliev ID, McAllister F. Fungi in cancer. Nat Rev Cancer 2024; 24:295-298. [PMID: 38347100 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-024-00665-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Galloway-Peña
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.
| | - Iliyan D Iliev
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Florencia McAllister
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Austin, TX, USA.
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Austin, TX, USA.
- Cancer Genetics Program, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Austin, TX, USA.
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Austin, TX, USA.
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24
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Nenciarini S, Renzi S, di Paola M, Meriggi N, Cavalieri D. Ascomycetes yeasts: The hidden part of human microbiome. WIREs Mech Dis 2024; 16:e1641. [PMID: 38228159 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
The fungal component of the microbiota, the mycobiota, has been neglected for a long time due to its poor richness compared to bacteria. Limitations in fungal detection and taxonomic identification arise from using metagenomic approaches, often borrowed from bacteriome analyses. However, the relatively recent discoveries of the ability of fungi to modulate the host immune response and their involvement in human diseases have made mycobiota a fundamental component of the microbial communities inhabiting the human host, deserving some consideration in host-microbe interaction studies and in metagenomics. Here, we reviewed recent data on the identification of yeasts of the Ascomycota phylum across human body districts, focusing on the most representative genera, that is, Saccharomyces and Candida. Then, we explored the key factors involved in shaping the human mycobiota across the lifespan, ranging from host genetics to environment, diet, and lifestyle habits. Finally, we discussed the strengths and weaknesses of culture-dependent and independent methods for mycobiota characterization. Overall, there is still room for some improvements, especially regarding fungal-specific methodological approaches and bioinformatics challenges, which are still critical steps in mycobiota analysis, and to advance our knowledge on the role of the gut mycobiota in human health and disease. This article is categorized under: Immune System Diseases > Genetics/Genomics/Epigenetics Immune System Diseases > Environmental Factors Infectious Diseases > Environmental Factors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sonia Renzi
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Monica di Paola
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Niccolò Meriggi
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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25
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Cheng W, Li F, Gao Y, Yang R. Fungi and tumors: The role of fungi in tumorigenesis (Review). Int J Oncol 2024; 64:52. [PMID: 38551162 PMCID: PMC10997370 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2024.5640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Fungi inhabit different anatomic sites in the human body. Advances in omics analyses of host‑microbiome interactions have tremendously improved our understanding of the effects of fungi on human health and diseases such as tumors. Due to the significant enrichment of specific fungi in patients with malignant tumors, the associations between fungi and human cancer have attracted an increasing attention in recent years. Indeed, cancer type‑specific fungal profiles have been found in different tumor tissues. Importantly, fungi also influence tumorigenesis through multiple factors, such as host immunity and bioactive metabolites. Microbiome interactions, host factors and fungal genetic and epigenetic factors could be involved in fungal enrichment in tumor tissues and/or in the conversion from a commensal fungus to a pathogenic fungus. Exploration of the interactions of fungi with the bacterial microbiome and the host may enable them to be a target for cancer diagnosis and treatment. In the present review, the associations between fungi and human cancer, cancer type‑specific fungal profiles and the mechanisms by which fungi cause tumorigenesis were discussed. In addition, possible factors that can lead to the enrichment of fungi in tumor tissues and/or the conversion of commensal fungi to pathogenic fungi, as well as potential therapeutic and preventive strategies for tumors based on intratumoral fungi were summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyue Cheng
- Department of Immunology, Nankai University School of Medicine, Affiliated Tianjin Union Medical Center of Nankai University, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P.R. China
| | - Fan Li
- Department of Immunology, Nankai University School of Medicine, Affiliated Tianjin Union Medical Center of Nankai University, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P.R. China
| | - Yunhuan Gao
- Department of Immunology, Nankai University School of Medicine, Affiliated Tianjin Union Medical Center of Nankai University, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P.R. China
| | - Rongcun Yang
- Department of Immunology, Nankai University School of Medicine, Affiliated Tianjin Union Medical Center of Nankai University, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Affiliated Tianjin Union Medical Center of Nankai University, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P.R. China
- Translational Medicine Institute, Affiliated Tianjin Union Medical Center of Nankai University, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P.R. China
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26
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Jans M, Vereecke L. A guide to germ-free and gnotobiotic mouse technology to study health and disease. FEBS J 2024. [PMID: 38523409 DOI: 10.1111/febs.17124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
The intestinal microbiota has major influence on human physiology and modulates health and disease. Complex host-microbe interactions regulate various homeostatic processes, including metabolism and immune function, while disturbances in microbiota composition (dysbiosis) are associated with a plethora of human diseases and are believed to modulate disease initiation, progression and therapy response. The vast complexity of the human microbiota and its metabolic output represents a great challenge in unraveling the molecular basis of host-microbe interactions in specific physiological contexts. To increase our understanding of these interactions, functional microbiota research using animal models in a reductionistic setting are essential. In the dynamic landscape of gut microbiota research, the use of germ-free and gnotobiotic mouse technology, in which causal disease-driving mechanisms can be dissected, represents a pivotal investigative tool for functional microbiota research in health and disease, in which causal disease-driving mechanisms can be dissected. A better understanding of the health-modulating functions of the microbiota opens perspectives for improved therapies in many diseases. In this review, we discuss practical considerations for the design and execution of germ-free and gnotobiotic experiments, including considerations around germ-free rederivation and housing conditions, route and timing of microbial administration, and dosing protocols. This comprehensive overview aims to provide researchers with valuable insights for improved experimental design in the field of functional microbiota research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maude Jans
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Belgium
| | - Lars Vereecke
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Belgium
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27
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Sprague JL, Schille TB, Allert S, Trümper V, Lier A, Großmann P, Priest EL, Tsavou A, Panagiotou G, Naglik JR, Wilson D, Schäuble S, Kasper L, Hube B. Candida albicans translocation through the intestinal epithelial barrier is promoted by fungal zinc acquisition and limited by NFκB-mediated barrier protection. PLoS Pathog 2024; 20:e1012031. [PMID: 38427950 PMCID: PMC10907035 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1012031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The opportunistic fungal pathogen Candida albicans thrives on human mucosal surfaces as a harmless commensal, but frequently causes infections under certain predisposing conditions. Translocation across the intestinal barrier into the bloodstream by intestine-colonizing C. albicans cells serves as the main source of disseminated candidiasis. However, the host and microbial mechanisms behind this process remain unclear. In this study we identified fungal and host factors specifically involved in infection of intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) using dual-RNA sequencing. Our data suggest that host-cell damage mediated by the peptide toxin candidalysin-encoding gene ECE1 facilitates fungal zinc acquisition. This in turn is crucial for the full virulence potential of C. albicans during infection. IECs in turn exhibit a filamentation- and damage-specific response to C. albicans infection, including NFκB, MAPK, and TNF signaling. NFκB activation by IECs limits candidalysin-mediated host-cell damage and mediates maintenance of the intestinal barrier and cell-cell junctions to further restrict fungal translocation. This is the first study to show that candidalysin-mediated damage is necessary for C. albicans nutrient acquisition during infection and to explain how IECs counteract damage and limit fungal translocation via NFκB-mediated maintenance of the intestinal barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob L. Sprague
- Department of Microbial Pathogenicity Mechanisms, Hans-Knöll-Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Tim B. Schille
- Department of Microbial Pathogenicity Mechanisms, Hans-Knöll-Institute, Jena, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence Balance of the Microverse, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Stefanie Allert
- Department of Microbial Pathogenicity Mechanisms, Hans-Knöll-Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Verena Trümper
- Department of Microbial Pathogenicity Mechanisms, Hans-Knöll-Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Adrian Lier
- Department of Microbial Pathogenicity Mechanisms, Hans-Knöll-Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Peter Großmann
- Department of Microbiome Dynamics, Hans-Knöll-Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Emily L. Priest
- Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Antzela Tsavou
- Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gianni Panagiotou
- Cluster of Excellence Balance of the Microverse, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
- Department of Microbiome Dynamics, Hans-Knöll-Institute, Jena, Germany
- Institute of Microbiology, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Julian R. Naglik
- Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Duncan Wilson
- Medical Research Council, Centre for Medical Mycology at the University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Sascha Schäuble
- Department of Microbiome Dynamics, Hans-Knöll-Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Lydia Kasper
- Department of Microbial Pathogenicity Mechanisms, Hans-Knöll-Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Bernhard Hube
- Department of Microbial Pathogenicity Mechanisms, Hans-Knöll-Institute, Jena, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence Balance of the Microverse, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
- Institute of Microbiology, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
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28
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Alonso-Monge R, Cortés-Prieto I, Román E, Pla J. Morphogenetic transitions in the adaptation of Candida albicans to the mammalian gut. Microbes Infect 2024; 26:105253. [PMID: 37977323 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2023.105253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Candida albicans is a pathobiont in humans that forms part of the mycobiota in healthy individuals and can cause different pathologies upon alterations of the host defenses. The mammalian gut is clinically relevant as this niche is the most common pool for bloodstream-derived infections. The ability of C. albicans to switch from yeast to hypha has been related to the commensal-to-pathogen transition and is, therefore, considered relevant in virulence. Recently, filaments have been implicated in the humoral response in the gut. C. albicans exhibits other morphologies that play different roles in pathogenicity and commensalism. This review focuses on the role of these morphological transitions in C. albicans proliferation and its establishment as a commensal in the mammalian gut, paying special attention to the transcription factors involved in their regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca Alonso-Monge
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza de Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Isabel Cortés-Prieto
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza de Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Elvira Román
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza de Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Jesús Pla
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza de Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
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29
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Liang SH, Sircaik S, Dainis J, Kakade P, Penumutchu S, McDonough LD, Chen YH, Frazer C, Schille TB, Allert S, Elshafee O, Hänel M, Mogavero S, Vaishnava S, Cadwell K, Belenky P, Perez JC, Hube B, Ene IV, Bennett RJ. The hyphal-specific toxin candidalysin promotes fungal gut commensalism. Nature 2024; 627:620-627. [PMID: 38448595 PMCID: PMC11230112 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07142-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
The fungus Candida albicans frequently colonizes the human gastrointestinal tract, from which it can disseminate to cause systemic disease. This polymorphic species can transition between growing as single-celled yeast and as multicellular hyphae to adapt to its environment. The current dogma of C. albicans commensalism is that the yeast form is optimal for gut colonization, whereas hyphal cells are detrimental to colonization but critical for virulence1-3. Here, we reveal that this paradigm does not apply to multi-kingdom communities in which a complex interplay between fungal morphology and bacteria dictates C. albicans fitness. Thus, whereas yeast-locked cells outcompete wild-type cells when gut bacteria are absent or depleted by antibiotics, hyphae-competent wild-type cells outcompete yeast-locked cells in hosts with replete bacterial populations. This increased fitness of wild-type cells involves the production of hyphal-specific factors including the toxin candidalysin4,5, which promotes the establishment of colonization. At later time points, adaptive immunity is engaged, and intestinal immunoglobulin A preferentially selects against hyphal cells1,6. Hyphal morphotypes are thus under both positive and negative selective pressures in the gut. Our study further shows that candidalysin has a direct inhibitory effect on bacterial species, including limiting their metabolic output. We therefore propose that C. albicans has evolved hyphal-specific factors, including candidalysin, to better compete with bacterial species in the intestinal niche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shen-Huan Liang
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Shabnam Sircaik
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Joseph Dainis
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Pallavi Kakade
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Swathi Penumutchu
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Liam D McDonough
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Ying-Han Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Corey Frazer
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Tim B Schille
- Department of Microbial Pathogenicity Mechanisms, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology-Hans Knoell Institute (HKI), Jena, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence Balance of the Microverse, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Stefanie Allert
- Department of Microbial Pathogenicity Mechanisms, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology-Hans Knoell Institute (HKI), Jena, Germany
| | - Osama Elshafee
- Department of Microbial Pathogenicity Mechanisms, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology-Hans Knoell Institute (HKI), Jena, Germany
| | - Maria Hänel
- Department of Microbial Pathogenicity Mechanisms, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology-Hans Knoell Institute (HKI), Jena, Germany
| | - Selene Mogavero
- Department of Microbial Pathogenicity Mechanisms, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology-Hans Knoell Institute (HKI), Jena, Germany
| | - Shipra Vaishnava
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Ken Cadwell
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Peter Belenky
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - J Christian Perez
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Bernhard Hube
- Department of Microbial Pathogenicity Mechanisms, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology-Hans Knoell Institute (HKI), Jena, Germany.
- Cluster of Excellence Balance of the Microverse, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany.
- Institute of Microbiology, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany.
| | - Iuliana V Ene
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Fungal Heterogeneity Group, Paris, France
| | - Richard J Bennett
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
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Day AW, Kumamoto CA. Selection of ethanol tolerant strains of Candida albicans by repeated ethanol exposure results in strains with reduced susceptibility to fluconazole. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0298724. [PMID: 38377103 PMCID: PMC10878505 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0298724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Candida albicans is a commensal yeast that has important impacts on host metabolism and immune function, and can establish life-threatening infections in immunocompromised individuals. Previously, C. albicans colonization has been shown to contribute to the progression and severity of alcoholic liver disease. However, relatively little is known about how C. albicans responds to changing environmental conditions in the GI tract of individuals with alcohol use disorder, namely repeated exposure to ethanol. In this study, we repeatedly exposed C. albicans to high concentrations (10% vol/vol) of ethanol-a concentration that can be observed in the upper GI tract of humans following consumption of alcohol. Following this repeated exposure protocol, ethanol small colony (Esc) variants of C. albicans isolated from these populations exhibited increased ethanol tolerance, altered transcriptional responses to ethanol, and cross-resistance/tolerance to the frontline antifungal fluconazole. These Esc strains exhibited chromosomal copy number variations and carried polymorphisms in genes previously associated with the acquisition of fluconazole resistance during human infection. This study identifies a selective pressure that can result in evolution of fluconazole tolerance and resistance without previous exposure to the drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew W. Day
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Carol A. Kumamoto
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
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31
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Sendid B, Cornu M, Cordier C, Bouckaert J, Colombel JF, Poulain D. From ASCA breakthrough in Crohn's disease and Candida albicans research to thirty years of investigations about their meaning in human health. Autoimmun Rev 2024; 23:103486. [PMID: 38040100 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2023.103486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
Anti-Saccharomyces cerevisiae antibodies (ASCA) are human antibodies that can be detected using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay involving a mannose polymer (mannan) extracted from the cell wall of the yeast S. cerevisiae. The ASCA test was developed in 1993 with the aim of differentiating the serological response in two forms of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. The test, which is based on the detection of anti-oligomannosidic antibodies, has been extensively performed worldwide and there have been hundreds of publications on ASCA. The earlier studies concerned the initial diagnostic indications of ASCA and investigations then extended to many human diseases, generally in association with studies on intestinal microorganisms and the interaction of the micro-mycobiome with the immune system. The more information accumulates, the more the mystery of the meaning of ASCA deepens. Many fundamental questions remain unanswered. These questions concern the heterogeneity of ASCA, the mechanisms of their generation and persistence, the existence of self-antigens, and the relationship between ASCA and inflammation and autoimmunity. This review aims to discuss the gray areas concerning the origin of ASCA from an analysis of the literature. Structured around glycobiology and the mannosylated antigens of S. cerevisiae and Candida albicans, this review will address these questions and will try to clarify some lines of thought. The importance of the questions relating to the pathophysiological significance of ASCA goes far beyond IBD, even though these diseases remain the preferred models for their understanding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boualem Sendid
- INSERM U1285, CNRS UMR 8576, Glycobiology in Fungal Pathogenesis and Clinical Applications, Université de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France; Pôle de Biologie-Pathologie-Génétique, Institut de Microbiologie, Service de Parasitologie-Mycologie, CHU Lille, F-59000 Lille, France.
| | - Marjorie Cornu
- INSERM U1285, CNRS UMR 8576, Glycobiology in Fungal Pathogenesis and Clinical Applications, Université de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France; Pôle de Biologie-Pathologie-Génétique, Institut de Microbiologie, Service de Parasitologie-Mycologie, CHU Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Camille Cordier
- INSERM U1285, CNRS UMR 8576, Glycobiology in Fungal Pathogenesis and Clinical Applications, Université de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France; Pôle de Biologie-Pathologie-Génétique, Institut de Microbiologie, Service de Parasitologie-Mycologie, CHU Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Julie Bouckaert
- CNRS UMR 8576, Computational Molecular Systems Biology, Université de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Jean Frederic Colombel
- Department of Gastroenterology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Daniel Poulain
- INSERM U1285, CNRS UMR 8576, Glycobiology in Fungal Pathogenesis and Clinical Applications, Université de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France.
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Yan JY, Lin TH, Jong YT, Hsueh JW, Wu SH, Lo HJ, Chen YC, Pan CH. Microbiota signatures associated with invasive Candida albicans infection in the gastrointestinal tract of immunodeficient mice. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 13:1278600. [PMID: 38298919 PMCID: PMC10828038 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1278600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Candida albicans is a commensal microorganism in the human gut but occasionally causes invasive C. albicans infection (ICA), especially in immunocompromised individuals. Early initiation of antifungal therapy is associated with reduced mortality of ICA, but rapid diagnosis remains a challenge. The ICA-associated changes in the gut microbiota can be used as diagnostic and therapeutic targets but have been poorly investigated. In this study, we utilized an immunodeficient Rag2γc (Rag2-/-il2γc-/-) mouse model to investigate the gut microbiota alterations caused by C. albicans throughout its cycle, from its introduction into the gastrointestinal tract to invasion, in the absence of antibiotics. We observed a significant increase in the abundance of Firmicutes, particularly Lachnospiraceae and Ruminococcaceae, as well as a significant decrease in the abundance of Candidatus Arthromitus in mice exposed to either the wild-type SC5314 strain or the filamentation-defective mutant (cph1/cph1 efg1/efg1) HLC54 strain of C. albicans. However, only the SC5314-infected mice developed ICA. A linear discriminate analysis of the temporal changes in the gut bacterial composition revealed Bacteroides vulgatus as a discriminative biomarker associated with SC5314-infected mice with ICA. Additionally, a positive correlation between the B. vulgatus abundance and fungal load was found, and the negative correlation between the Candidatus Arthromitus abundance and fungal load after exposure to C. albicans suggested that C. albicans might affect the differentiation of intestinal Th17 cells. Our findings reveal the influence of pathogenic C. albicans on the gut microbiota and identify the abundance of B. vulgatus as a microbiota signature associated with ICA in an immunodeficient mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Ying Yan
- National Institute of Infectious Disease and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Han Lin
- National Institute of Infectious Disease and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Tang Jong
- National Institute of Infectious Disease and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Jun-Wei Hsueh
- National Institute of Infectious Disease and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Sze-Hsien Wu
- National Institute of Infectious Disease and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Jung Lo
- National Institute of Infectious Disease and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
- School of Dentistry, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yee-Chun Chen
- National Institute of Infectious Disease and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Hsiung Pan
- National Institute of Infectious Disease and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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33
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Park G, Munley JA, Kelly LS, Kannan KB, Mankowski RT, Sharma A, Upchurch G, Casadesus G, Chakrabarty P, Wallet SM, Maile R, Bible LE, Wang B, Moldawer LL, Mohr AM, Efron PA, Nagpal R. Gut mycobiome dysbiosis after sepsis and trauma. Crit Care 2024; 28:18. [PMID: 38212826 PMCID: PMC10785534 DOI: 10.1186/s13054-023-04780-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sepsis and trauma are known to disrupt gut bacterial microbiome communities, but the impacts and perturbations in the fungal (mycobiome) community after severe infection or injury, particularly in patients experiencing chronic critical illness (CCI), remain unstudied. METHODS We assess persistence of the gut mycobiome perturbation (dysbiosis) in patients experiencing CCI following sepsis or trauma for up to two-to-three weeks after intensive care unit hospitalization. RESULTS We show that the dysbiotic mycobiome arrays shift toward a pathobiome state, which is more susceptible to infection, in CCI patients compared to age-matched healthy subjects. The fungal community in CCI patients is largely dominated by Candida spp; while, the commensal fungal species are depleted. Additionally, these myco-pathobiome arrays correlate with alterations in micro-ecological niche involving specific gut bacteria and gut-blood metabolites. CONCLUSIONS The findings reveal the persistence of mycobiome dysbiosis in both sepsis and trauma settings, even up to two weeks post-sepsis and trauma, highlighting the need to assess and address the increased risk of fungal infections in CCI patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwoncheol Park
- Department of Health, Nutrition, and Food Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA
| | - Jennifer A Munley
- Department of Surgery and Sepsis and Critical Illness Research Center, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Lauren S Kelly
- Department of Surgery and Sepsis and Critical Illness Research Center, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Kolenkode B Kannan
- Department of Surgery and Sepsis and Critical Illness Research Center, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Robert T Mankowski
- Department of Aging and Geriatric Research, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Ashish Sharma
- Department of Surgery and Sepsis and Critical Illness Research Center, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Gilbert Upchurch
- Department of Surgery and Sepsis and Critical Illness Research Center, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Gemma Casadesus
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Paramita Chakrabarty
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Shannon M Wallet
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Florida College of Dentistry, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Robert Maile
- Department of Surgery and Sepsis and Critical Illness Research Center, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Letitia E Bible
- Department of Surgery and Sepsis and Critical Illness Research Center, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering and Sciences, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, FL, 32901, USA
| | - Lyle L Moldawer
- Department of Surgery and Sepsis and Critical Illness Research Center, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Alicia M Mohr
- Department of Surgery and Sepsis and Critical Illness Research Center, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Philip A Efron
- Department of Surgery and Sepsis and Critical Illness Research Center, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Ravinder Nagpal
- Department of Health, Nutrition, and Food Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA.
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Pettersen VK. Metaproteomics of Gut Fungi in Gnotobiotic Mice. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2820:127-137. [PMID: 38941020 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3910-8_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Intestinal fungi are a fundamental component of the gut microbiome and play important roles in mammalian host biology. At the same time, the contribution of gut fungi to host health and disease remains understudied due to their low abundance. In that respect, gnotobiotic animals with defined microbial populations of reduced complexity represent a well-suited model system that highlights the effects of low abundant gut fungi on host physiology and other members of the microbial community. In this chapter, a label-free quantitative metaproteomic approach for the characterization of simplified microbial communities in gnotobiotic mice is presented. The model allows for exploring various research questions on the role of gut fungi in disease pathogenesis, microbial ecosystem maturation, or host-microbiome crosstalk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Kuchařová Pettersen
- Host-Microbe Interaction Research Group, Department of Medical Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.
- Paediatric Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.
- Centre for New Antibacterial Strategies, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.
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35
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Cho NA, Strayer K, Dobson B, McDonald B. Pathogenesis and therapeutic opportunities of gut microbiome dysbiosis in critical illness. Gut Microbes 2024; 16:2351478. [PMID: 38780485 PMCID: PMC11123462 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2024.2351478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
For many years, it has been hypothesized that pathological changes to the gut microbiome in critical illness is a driver of infections, organ dysfunction, and other adverse outcomes in the intensive care unit (ICU). The advent of contemporary microbiome methodologies and multi-omics tools have allowed researchers to test this hypothesis by dissecting host-microbe interactions in the gut to better define its contribution to critical illness pathogenesis. Observational studies of patients in ICUs have revealed that gut microbial communities are profoundly altered in critical illness, characterized by markedly reduced alpha diversity, loss of commensal taxa, and expansion of potential pathogens. These key features of ICU gut dysbiosis have been associated with adverse outcomes including life-threatening hospital-acquired (nosocomial) infections. Current research strives to define cellular and molecular mechanisms connecting gut dysbiosis with infections and other outcomes, and to identify opportunities for therapeutic modulation of host-microbe interactions. This review synthesizes evidence from studies of critically ill patients that have informed our understanding of intestinal dysbiosis in the ICU, mechanisms linking dysbiosis to infections and other adverse outcomes, as well as clinical trials of microbiota-modifying therapies. Additionally, we discuss novel avenues for precision microbial therapeutics to combat nosocomial infections and other life-threatening complications of critical illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole A Cho
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Kathryn Strayer
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Breenna Dobson
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Braedon McDonald
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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36
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Govrins M, Lass-Flörl C. Candida parapsilosis complex in the clinical setting. Nat Rev Microbiol 2024; 22:46-59. [PMID: 37674021 DOI: 10.1038/s41579-023-00961-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Representatives of the Candida parapsilosis complex are important yeast species causing human infections, including candidaemia as one of the leading diseases. This complex comprises C. parapsilosis, Candida orthopsilosis and Candida metapsilosis, and causes a wide range of clinical presentations from colonization to superficial and disseminated infections with a high prevalence in preterm-born infants and the potential to cause outbreaks in hospital settings. Compared with other Candida species, the C. parapsilosis complex shows high minimal inhibitory concentrations for echinocandin drugs due to a naturally occurring FKS1 polymorphism. The emergence of clonal outbreaks of strains with resistance to commonly used antifungals, such as fluconazole, is causing concern. In this Review, we present the latest medical data covering epidemiology, diagnosis, resistance and current treatment approaches for the C. parapsilosis complex. We describe its main clinical manifestations in adults and children and highlight new treatment options. We compare the three sister species, examining key elements of microbiology and clinical characteristics, including the population at risk, disease manifestation and colonization status. Finally, we provide a comprehensive resource for clinicians and researchers focusing on Candida species infections and the C. parapsilosis complex, aiming to bridge the emerging translational knowledge and future therapeutic challenges associated with this human pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Govrins
- Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Cornelia Lass-Flörl
- Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
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37
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Bergin S, Doorley LA, Rybak JM, Wolfe KH, Butler G, Cuomo CA, Rogers PD. Analysis of clinical Candida parapsilosis isolates reveals copy number variation in key fluconazole resistance genes. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.12.13.571446. [PMID: 38168157 PMCID: PMC10760152 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.13.571446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
We used whole-genome sequencing to analyse a collection of 35 fluconazole resistant and 7 susceptible Candida parapsilosis isolates together with coverage analysis and GWAS techniques to identify new mechanisms of fluconazole resistance. Phylogenetic analysis shows that although the collection is diverse, two probable outbreak groups were identified. We identified copy number variation of two genes, ERG11 and CDR1B, in resistant isolates. Two strains have a CNV at the ERG11 locus; the entire ORF is amplified in one, and only the promoter region is amplified in the other. We show the annotated telomeric gene CDR1B is actually an artefactual in silico fusion of two highly similar neighbouring CDR genes due to an assembly error in the C. parapsilosis CDC317 reference genome. We report highly variable copy numbers of the CDR1B region across the collection. Several strains have increased expansion of the two genes into a tandem array of new chimeric genes. Other strains have experienced a deletion between the two genes creating a single gene with a reciprocal chimerism. We find translocations, duplications, and gene conversion across the CDR gene family in the C. parapsilosis species complex, showing that it is a highly dynamic family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean Bergin
- School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Laura A Doorley
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Jeffrey M Rybak
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Kenneth H Wolfe
- School of Medicine, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Geraldine Butler
- School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Christina A Cuomo
- Infectious Disease and Microbiome Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Molecular Microbiology and Immunology Department, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - P David Rogers
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
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38
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Elalouf A, Elalouf H, Rosenfeld A. Modulatory immune responses in fungal infection associated with organ transplant - advancements, management, and challenges. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1292625. [PMID: 38143753 PMCID: PMC10748506 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1292625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Organ transplantation stands as a pivotal achievement in modern medicine, offering hope to individuals with end-stage organ diseases. Advancements in immunology led to improved organ transplant survival through the development of immunosuppressants, but this heightened susceptibility to fungal infections with nonspecific symptoms in recipients. This review aims to establish an intricate balance between immune responses and fungal infections in organ transplant recipients. It explores the fundamental immune mechanisms, recent advances in immune response dynamics, and strategies for immune modulation, encompassing responses to fungal infections, immunomodulatory approaches, diagnostics, treatment challenges, and management. Early diagnosis of fungal infections in transplant patients is emphasized with the understanding that innate immune responses could potentially reduce immunosuppression and promise efficient and safe immuno-modulating treatments. Advances in fungal research and genetic influences on immune-fungal interactions are underscored, as well as the potential of single-cell technologies integrated with machine learning for biomarker discovery. This review provides a snapshot of the complex interplay between immune responses and fungal infections in organ transplantation and underscores key research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Elalouf
- Department of Management, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Hadas Elalouf
- Information Science Department, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Ariel Rosenfeld
- Information Science Department, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
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39
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Delavy M, Sertour N, d'Enfert C, Bougnoux ME. Metagenomics and metabolomics approaches in the study of Candida albicans colonization of host niches: a framework for finding microbiome-based antifungal strategies. Trends Microbiol 2023; 31:1276-1286. [PMID: 37652786 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2023.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
In silico and experimental approaches have allowed an ever-growing understanding of the interactions within the microbiota. For instance, recently acquired data have increased knowledge of the mechanisms that support, in the gut and vaginal microbiota, the resistance to colonization by Candida albicans, an opportunistic fungal pathogen whose overgrowth can initiate severe infections in immunocompromised patients. Here, we review how bacteria from the microbiota interact with C. albicans. We show how recent OMICs-based pipelines, using metagenomics and/or metabolomics, have identified bacterial species and metabolites modulating C. albicans growth. We finally discuss how the combined use of cutting-edge OMICs-based and experimental approaches could provide new means to control C. albicans overgrowth within the microbiota and prevent its consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margot Delavy
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, INRAE USC2019, Unité Biologie et Pathogénicité Fongiques, Paris, France
| | - Natacha Sertour
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, INRAE USC2019, Unité Biologie et Pathogénicité Fongiques, Paris, France
| | - Christophe d'Enfert
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, INRAE USC2019, Unité Biologie et Pathogénicité Fongiques, Paris, France
| | - Marie-Elisabeth Bougnoux
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, INRAE USC2019, Unité Biologie et Pathogénicité Fongiques, Paris, France; Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Hôpital Necker-Enfants-Malades, Unité de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Service de Microbiologie Clinique, Paris, France.
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40
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Eichelberger KR, Paul S, Peters BM, Cassat JE. Candida-bacterial cross-kingdom interactions. Trends Microbiol 2023; 31:1287-1299. [PMID: 37640601 PMCID: PMC10843858 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2023.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
While the fungus Candida albicans is a common colonizer of healthy humans, it is also responsible for mucosal infections and severe invasive disease. Understanding the mechanisms that allow C. albicans to exist as both a benign commensal and as an invasive pathogen have been the focus of numerous studies, and recent findings indicate an important role for cross-kingdom interactions on C. albicans biology. This review highlights how C. albicans-bacteria interactions influence healthy polymicrobial community structure, host immune responses, microbial pathogenesis, and how dysbiosis may lead to C. albicans infection. Finally, we discuss how cross-kingdom interactions represent an opportunity to identify new antivirulence compounds that target fungal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kara R Eichelberger
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
| | - Saikat Paul
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Translational Science, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Brian M Peters
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Translational Science, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA; Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Biochemistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - James E Cassat
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation (VI4), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
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41
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Liu W, Li Z, Li X, Cao H, Jiang H, Niu Q, Hu B. Influence of tumor mycobiome on cancer pathogenesis (Review). Oncol Lett 2023; 26:541. [PMID: 38020300 PMCID: PMC10660446 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2023.14128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer tissues harbor a large microbiome. There is growing evidence that the tumor microbiome is significantly correlated with the prognosis of cancer patients, but the exact underlying mechanisms have remained elusive. Although the tumor mycobiome is less abundant than the biome of bacteria, it is prevalent in most cancers in humans. The present review describes in detail the impact of the tumor mycobiome on cancer pathogenesis. The tumor mycobiome promotes tumor progression and metastasis by affecting the human immune system, maintaining a pro-inflammatory environment, producing aflatoxins, attenuating cell adhesion mechanisms and fungal-bacterial interactions. Furthermore, the tumor mycobiome likewise has great potential for cancer prevention, diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weipeng Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong 256603, P.R. China
| | - Zongrui Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong 256603, P.R. China
| | - Xiaopeng Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong 256603, P.R. China
| | - Haiyang Cao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong 256603, P.R. China
| | - He Jiang
- Breast Treatment Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Taian, Shandong 271000, P.R. China
| | - Qingbin Niu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Dongying People's Hospital, Dongying, Shandong 257091, P.R. China
| | - Baoguang Hu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong 256603, P.R. China
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42
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Peled JU, van den Brink MRM. Fecal Transplantation in Hematopoietic Transplantation. J Clin Oncol 2023; 41:5320-5323. [PMID: 37871256 DOI: 10.1200/jco.23.01169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan U Peled
- Adult Bone Marrow Transplantation Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
- Weill Cornell College of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Marcel R M van den Brink
- Adult Bone Marrow Transplantation Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
- Weill Cornell College of Medicine, New York, NY
- Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
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43
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Delavy M, Sertour N, Patin E, Le Chatelier E, Cole N, Dubois F, Xie Z, Saint-André V, Manichanh C, Walker AW, Quintana-Murci L, Duffy D, d’Enfert C, Bougnoux ME, Consortium MI. Unveiling Candida albicans intestinal carriage in healthy volunteers: the role of micro- and mycobiota, diet, host genetics and immune response. Gut Microbes 2023; 15:2287618. [PMID: 38017705 PMCID: PMC10732203 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2023.2287618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Candida albicans is a commensal yeast present in the gut of most healthy individuals but with highly variable concentrations. However, little is known about the host factors that influence colonization densities. We investigated how microbiota, host lifestyle factors, and genetics could shape C. albicans intestinal carriage in 695 healthy individuals from the Milieu Intérieur cohort. C. albicans intestinal carriage was detected in 82.9% of the subjects using quantitative PCR. Using linear mixed models and multiway-ANOVA, we explored C. albicans intestinal levels with regard to gut microbiota composition and lifestyle factors including diet. By analyzing shotgun metagenomics data and C. albicans qPCR data, we showed that Intestinimonas butyriciproducens was the only gut microbiota species whose relative abundance was negatively correlated with C. albicans concentration. Diet is also linked to C. albicans growth, with eating between meals and a low-sodium diet being associated with higher C. albicans levels. Furthermore, by Genome-Wide Association Study, we identified 26 single nucleotide polymorphisms suggestively associated with C. albicans colonization. In addition, we found that the intestinal levels of C. albicans might influence the host immune response, specifically in response to fungal challenge. We analyzed the transcriptional levels of 546 immune genes and the concentration of 13 cytokines after whole blood stimulation with C. albicans cells and showed positive associations between the extent of C. albicans intestinal levels and NLRP3 expression, as well as secreted IL-2 and CXCL5 concentrations. Taken together, these findings open the way for potential new interventional strategies to curb C. albicans intestinal overgrowth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margot Delavy
- Unité Biologie et Pathogénicité Fongiques, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité INRAE, Paris, France
| | - Natacha Sertour
- Unité Biologie et Pathogénicité Fongiques, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité INRAE, Paris, France
| | - Etienne Patin
- Human Evolutionary Genetics Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR2000, Paris, France
| | | | - Nathaniel Cole
- The Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Florian Dubois
- Translational Immunology Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CBUTechS, Paris, France
| | - Zixuan Xie
- Vall d’Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d’Hebron Hospital Universitari, Vall d’Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Gut Microbiome Group, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Violaine Saint-André
- Translational Immunology Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics HUB, Department of Computational Biology, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Chaysavanh Manichanh
- Vall d’Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d’Hebron Hospital Universitari, Vall d’Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Gut Microbiome Group, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alan W. Walker
- The Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Lluis Quintana-Murci
- Human Evolutionary Genetics Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR2000, Paris, France
| | - Darragh Duffy
- Translational Immunology Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CBUTechS, Paris, France
| | - Christophe d’Enfert
- Unité Biologie et Pathogénicité Fongiques, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité INRAE, Paris, France
| | - Marie-Elisabeth Bougnoux
- Unité Biologie et Pathogénicité Fongiques, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité INRAE, Paris, France
- APHP, Hôpital Necker-Enfants-Malades, Service de Microbiologie Clinique, Unité de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Paris, France
| | - Milieu Intérieur Consortium
- Unité Biologie et Pathogénicité Fongiques, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité INRAE, Paris, France
- Human Evolutionary Genetics Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR2000, Paris, France
- MGP MetaGénoPolis, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
- The Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
- Translational Immunology Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CBUTechS, Paris, France
- Vall d’Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d’Hebron Hospital Universitari, Vall d’Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Gut Microbiome Group, Barcelona, Spain
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics HUB, Department of Computational Biology, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
- APHP, Hôpital Necker-Enfants-Malades, Service de Microbiologie Clinique, Unité de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Paris, France
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de Nies L, Kobras CM, Stracy M. Antibiotic-induced collateral damage to the microbiota and associated infections. Nat Rev Microbiol 2023; 21:789-804. [PMID: 37542123 DOI: 10.1038/s41579-023-00936-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotics have transformed medicine, saving millions of lives since they were first used to treat a bacterial infection. However, antibiotics administered to target a specific pathogen can also cause collateral damage to the patient's resident microbial population. These drugs can suppress the growth of commensal species which provide protection against colonization by foreign pathogens, leading to an increased risk of subsequent infection. At the same time, a patient's microbiota can harbour potential pathogens and, hence, be a source of infection. Antibiotic-induced selection pressure can cause overgrowth of resistant pathogens pre-existing in the patient's microbiota, leading to hard-to-treat superinfections. In this Review, we explore our current understanding of how antibiotic therapy can facilitate subsequent infections due to both loss of colonization resistance and overgrowth of resistant microorganisms, and how these processes are often interlinked. We discuss both well-known and currently overlooked examples of antibiotic-associated infections at various body sites from various pathogens. Finally, we describe ongoing and new strategies to overcome the collateral damage caused by antibiotics and to limit the risk of antibiotic-associated infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura de Nies
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Carolin M Kobras
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Mathew Stracy
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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45
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Li S, Zhu S, Yu J. The role of gut microbiota and metabolites in cancer chemotherapy. J Adv Res 2023:S2090-1232(23)00366-1. [PMID: 38013112 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2023.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The microbiota inhabits the epithelial surfaces of hosts, which influences physiological functions from helping digest food and acquiring nutrition to regulate metabolism and shaping host immunity. With the deep insight into the microbiota, an increasing amount of research reveals that it is also involved in the initiation and progression of cancer. Intriguingly, gut microbiota can mediate the biotransformation of drugs, thereby altering their bioavailability, bioactivity, or toxicity. AIM OF REVIEW The review aims to elaborate on the role of gut microbiota and microbial metabolites in the efficacy and adverse effects of chemotherapeutics. Furthermore, we discuss the clinical potential of various ways to harness gut microbiota for cancer chemotherapy. KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS OF REVIEW Recent evidence shows that gut microbiota modulates the efficacy and toxicity of chemotherapy agents, leading to diverse host responses to chemotherapy. Thereinto, targeting the microbiota to improve efficacy and diminish the toxicity of chemotherapeutic drugs may be a promising strategy in tumor treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyu Li
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK-Shenzhen research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shuangli Zhu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jun Yu
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK-Shenzhen research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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46
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Liu NN, Yi CX, Wei LQ, Zhou JA, Jiang T, Hu CC, Wang L, Wang YY, Zou Y, Zhao YK, Zhang LL, Nie YT, Zhu YJ, Yi XY, Zeng LB, Li JQ, Huang XT, Ji HB, Kozlakidis Z, Zhong L, Heeschen C, Zheng XQ, Chen C, Zhang P, Wang H. The intratumor mycobiome promotes lung cancer progression via myeloid-derived suppressor cells. Cancer Cell 2023; 41:1927-1944.e9. [PMID: 37738973 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2023.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
Although polymorphic microbiomes have emerged as hallmarks of cancer, far less is known about the role of the intratumor mycobiome as living microorganisms in cancer progression. Here, using fungi-enriched DNA extraction and deep shotgun metagenomic sequencing, we have identified enriched tumor-resident Aspergillus sydowii in patients with lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). By three different syngeneic lung cancer mice models, we find that A. sydowii promotes lung tumor progression via IL-1β-mediated expansion and activation of MDSCs, resulting in suppressed activity of cytotoxic T lymphocyte cells and accumulation of PD-1+ CD8+ T cells. This is mediated by IL-1β secretion via β-glucan/Dectin-1/CARD9 pathway. Analysis of human samples confirms that enriched A. sydowii is associated with immunosuppression and poor patient outcome. Our findings suggest that intratumor mycobiome, albeit at low biomass, promotes lung cancer progression and could be targeted at the strain level to improve patients with LUAD outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning-Ning Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Center for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China.
| | - Cheng-Xiang Yi
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200433, China; Central Laboratory, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Lu-Qi Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Center for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Jin-An Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Center for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Tong Jiang
- Shanghai Institute of Immunity and Infection, Chinese Academy of Science, (Past Name: Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences), Shanghai 200031, China; Laboratory Services and Biobanking, International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, Lyon, France
| | - Cong-Cong Hu
- Department of Mathematics, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Mathematics, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Immunity and Infection, Chinese Academy of Science, (Past Name: Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences), Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yun Zou
- Shanghai Institute of Immunity and Infection, Chinese Academy of Science, (Past Name: Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences), Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yi-Kai Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Le-Le Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200433, China; Central Laboratory, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Ya-Ting Nie
- Department of Mathematics, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Yi-Jing Zhu
- Department of Mathematics, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Xin-Yao Yi
- Department of Mathematics, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Ling-Bing Zeng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330052, China
| | - Jing-Quan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Center for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Xiao-Tian Huang
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330052, China
| | - Hong-Bin Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Zisis Kozlakidis
- Laboratory Services and Biobanking, International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, Lyon, France
| | - Lin Zhong
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Christopher Heeschen
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Center for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Xiao-Qi Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Center for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Changbin Chen
- Shanghai Institute of Immunity and Infection, Chinese Academy of Science, (Past Name: Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences), Shanghai 200031, China; Nanjing Advanced Academy of Life and Health, Nanjing 211135, China.
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Hui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Center for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China.
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Day AW, Kumamoto CA. Selection of Ethanol Tolerant Strains of Candida albicans by Repeated Ethanol Exposure Results in Strains with Reduced Susceptibility to Fluconazole. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.09.13.557677. [PMID: 37745460 PMCID: PMC10515905 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.13.557677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Candida albicans is a commensal yeast that has important impacts on host metabolism and immune function, and can establish life-threatening infections in immunocompromised individuals. Previously, C. albicans colonization has been shown to contribute to the progression and severity of alcoholic liver disease. However, relatively little is known about how C. albicans responds to changing environmental conditions in the GI tract of individuals with alcohol use disorder, namely repeated exposure to ethanol. In this study, we repeatedly exposed C. albicans to high concentrations (10% vol/vol) of ethanol-a concentration that can be observed in the upper GI tract of humans following consumption of alcohol. Following this repeated exposure protocol, ethanol small colony (Esc) variants of C. albicans isolated from these populations exhibited increased ethanol tolerance, altered transcriptional responses to ethanol, and cross-resistance/tolerance to the frontline antifungal fluconazole. These Esc strains exhibited chromosomal copy number variations and carried polymorphisms in genes previously associated with the acquisition of fluconazole resistance during human infection. This study identifies a selective pressure that can result in evolution of fluconazole tolerance and resistance without previous exposure to the drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew W. Day
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, 02111, USA
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, 02111, USA
| | - Carol A. Kumamoto
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, 02111, USA
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Kusakabe T, Lin WY, Cheong JG, Singh G, Ravishankar A, Yeung ST, Mesko M, DeCelie MB, Carriche G, Zhao Z, Rand S, Doron I, Putzel GG, Worgall S, Cushing M, Westblade L, Inghirami G, Parkhurst CN, Guo CJ, Schotsaert M, García-Sastre A, Josefowicz SZ, Salvatore M, Iliev ID. Fungal microbiota sustains lasting immune activation of neutrophils and their progenitors in severe COVID-19. Nat Immunol 2023; 24:1879-1889. [PMID: 37872315 PMCID: PMC10805066 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-023-01637-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal fungal dysbiosis is a hallmark of several diseases marked by systemic immune activation. Whether persistent pathobiont colonization during immune alterations and impaired gut barrier function has a durable impact on host immunity is unknown. We found that elevated levels of Candida albicans immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies marked patients with severe COVID-19 (sCOVID-19) who had intestinal Candida overgrowth, mycobiota dysbiosis and systemic neutrophilia. Analysis of hematopoietic stem cell progenitors in sCOVID-19 revealed transcriptional changes in antifungal immunity pathways and reprogramming of granulocyte myeloid progenitors (GMPs) for up to a year. Mice colonized with C. albicans patient isolates experienced increased lung neutrophilia and pulmonary NETosis during severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 infection, which were partially resolved with antifungal treatment or by interleukin-6 receptor blockade. sCOVID-19 patients treated with tocilizumab experienced sustained reductions in C. albicans IgG antibodies titers and GMP transcriptional changes. These findings suggest that gut fungal pathobionts may contribute to immune activation during inflammatory diseases, offering potential mycobiota-immune therapeutic strategies for sCOVID-19 with prolonged symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takato Kusakabe
- Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York City, NY, USA
- The Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease (JRI), Weill Cornell Medicine, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Woan-Yu Lin
- Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York City, NY, USA
- The Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease (JRI), Weill Cornell Medicine, New York City, NY, USA
- Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Jin-Gyu Cheong
- Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York City, NY, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Gagandeep Singh
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY, USA
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Arjun Ravishankar
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Stephen T Yeung
- Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York City, NY, USA
- Department of Microbiology, New York University, Langone Health, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Marissa Mesko
- Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York City, NY, USA
- The Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease (JRI), Weill Cornell Medicine, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Meghan Bialt DeCelie
- Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York City, NY, USA
- The Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease (JRI), Weill Cornell Medicine, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Guilhermina Carriche
- Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York City, NY, USA
- The Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease (JRI), Weill Cornell Medicine, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Zhen Zhao
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Sophie Rand
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Itai Doron
- Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York City, NY, USA
- The Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease (JRI), Weill Cornell Medicine, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Gregory G Putzel
- The Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease (JRI), Weill Cornell Medicine, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Stefan Worgall
- Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York City, NY, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Melissa Cushing
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Lars Westblade
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Giorgio Inghirami
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Christopher N Parkhurst
- Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Chun-Jun Guo
- Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York City, NY, USA
- The Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease (JRI), Weill Cornell Medicine, New York City, NY, USA
- Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York City, NY, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Michael Schotsaert
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY, USA
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Adolfo García-Sastre
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY, USA
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY, USA
- Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell-Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York, New York City, NY, USA
- The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Steven Z Josefowicz
- Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York City, NY, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Mirella Salvatore
- Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York City, NY, USA
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Iliyan D Iliev
- Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York City, NY, USA.
- The Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease (JRI), Weill Cornell Medicine, New York City, NY, USA.
- Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York City, NY, USA.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York City, NY, USA.
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Jain A, Singhal N, Kumar M. AFRbase: a database of protein mutations responsible for antifungal resistance. Bioinformatics 2023; 39:btad677. [PMID: 37947313 PMCID: PMC10656092 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btad677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
MOTIVATION Fungal pathogens are known to cause life threatening invasive infections with rising global mortality rates. Besides, the indiscriminate use of antifungals in both clinics and agriculture has promoted antifungal drug resistance in the last decade. Fungi can show drug resistance by a variety of mechanisms. But primary driver in all these hitherto documented mechanisms is stable and heritable point mutations in the key proteins. Therefore, cataloguing mutations that can confer resistance is the first step toward understanding the mechanisms leading to the emergence of antifungal resistance. RESULTS In the present, work we have described a database of all the mutations responsible for antifungal resistance. Named as antifungal resistance database (AFRbase), it is better than the existing databases of antifungal resistance namely, FunResDB and MARDy which have a limited scope and inadequate information. Data of AFRbase was collected using both text mining and manual curation. AFRbase provides a separate window for visualization of mutations in the 2D and 3D formats making it easy for researchers to analyze the mutation data and ensures interoperability with other standard molecular biology databases like NCBI and UniProtKB. We hope AFRbase can be useful to both clinicians and basic biomedical scientists as we envision it as an important resource for genotypic susceptibility testing of fungi and to study/predict the course of evolution of antifungal resistance. The current version of AFRbase contains manually curated 3691 unique mutations present in 29 proteins of 32 fungal species along with the information of drugs against which resistance is caused. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION AFRbase is an open access database available at http://proteininformatics.org/mkumar/afrbase/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aakriti Jain
- Department of Biophysics, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi 110021, India
| | - Neelja Singhal
- Department of Biophysics, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi 110021, India
| | - Manish Kumar
- Department of Biophysics, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi 110021, India
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Selmecki A. Recurrent copy number variations in the human fungal pathogen Candida parapsilosis. mBio 2023; 14:e0071323. [PMID: 37787545 PMCID: PMC10653803 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00713-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Candida parapsilosis is an opportunistic fungal pathogen with increasing incidence in hospital settings worldwide; however, we lack a comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms promoting its virulence and drug resistance. Bergin et al. systematically quantify the frequency and effect of copy number variation (CNV) across 170 diverse clinical and environmental isolates of C. parapsilosis (Bergin SA, Zhao F, Ryan AP, Müller CA, Nieduszynski CA, Zhai B, Rolling T, Hohl TM, Morio F, Scully J, Wolfe KH, Butler G, 2022, mBio, https://doi.org/10.1128/mbio.01777-22). Using a combination of both short- and long-read whole genome sequencing techniques, they determine the structure and copy number of two CNVs that arose recurrently throughout the evolution of these isolates. Each CNV predominantly amplifies one coding sequence (ARR3 or RTA3); however, the amplitude and recombination breakpoints are variable across the isolates. Amplification of RTA3 correlates with drug resistance and deletion causes drug susceptibility. This study highlights the need for further research into the mechanisms and dynamics of CNV formation and the impact of these CNVs on virulence and drug resistance across diverse fungal pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Selmecki
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
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