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Laubreton D, Djebali S, Angleraux C, Chain B, Dubois M, Henry F, Leverrier Y, Teixeira M, Markossian S, Marvel J. Generation of a C57BL/6J mouse strain expressing the CD45.1 epitope to improve hematopoietic stem cell engraftment and adoptive cell transfer experiments. Lab Anim (NY) 2023; 52:324-331. [PMID: 38017180 DOI: 10.1038/s41684-023-01275-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Adoptive cell transfer between genetically identical hosts relies on the use of a congenic marker to distinguish the donor cells from the host cells. CD45, a glycoprotein expressed by all hematopoietic cells, is one of the main congenic markers used because its two isoforms, CD45.1 and CD45.2, can be discriminated by flow cytometry. As a consequence, C57BL/6J (B6; CD45.2) and B6.SJL-Ptprca Pepcb/BoyJ (B6.SJL; CD45.1) mice are widely used in adoptive cell transfer experiments, under the presumption that they differ only at the CD45 (Ptprc) locus. However, recent studies have identified genetic variations between these congenic strains and have notably highlighted a differential expression of cathepsin E (CTSE). The B6.SJL mouse presents a number of functional differences in hematopoietic stem cell engraftment potential and immune cell numbers compared with the B6 mouse. In this study, we showed that B6 and B6.SJL mice also differ in their CD8+ T cell compartment and CD8+ T cell responses to viral infection. We identified Ctse as the most differentially expressed gene between CD8+ T cells of B6 and B6.SJL and demonstrated that the differences reported between these two mouse strains are not due to CTSE. Finally, using CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing, we generated a CD45.1-expressing B6 mouse by inserting one nucleotide mutation (A904G) leading to an amino acid change (K302E) in the Ptprc gene of the B6 mouse. We showed that this new B6-Ptprcem(K302E)Jmar/J mouse resolves the experimental biases reported between the B6 and B6.SJL mouse lines and should thus represent the new gold standard for adoptive cell transfer experiments in B6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daphné Laubreton
- CIRI, INSERM U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5308, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Sophia Djebali
- CIRI, INSERM U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5308, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Céline Angleraux
- SFR BioSciences, Plateau de Biologie Expérimentale de la Souris (AniRA-PBES), Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UAR3444, INSERM US8, Lyon, France
| | - Benny Chain
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK
| | - Maxence Dubois
- CIRI, INSERM U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5308, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Farida Henry
- SFR BioSciences, Plateau de Biologie Expérimentale de la Souris (AniRA-PBES), Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UAR3444, INSERM US8, Lyon, France
| | - Yann Leverrier
- CIRI, INSERM U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5308, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Marie Teixeira
- SFR BioSciences, Plateau de Biologie Expérimentale de la Souris (AniRA-PBES), Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UAR3444, INSERM US8, Lyon, France
| | - Suzy Markossian
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, INRAE USC 1370, CNRS UMR 5242, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Jacqueline Marvel
- CIRI, INSERM U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5308, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France.
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2
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Davis DJ, McNew JF, Maresca-Fichter H, Chen K, Telugu BP, Bryda EC. Efficient DNA knock-in using AAV-mediated delivery with 2-cell embryo CRISPR-Cas9 electroporation. Front Genome Ed 2023; 5:1256451. [PMID: 37694158 PMCID: PMC10485772 DOI: 10.3389/fgeed.2023.1256451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in CRISPR-Cas genome editing technology have been instrumental in improving the efficiency to produce genetically modified animal models. In this study we have combined four very promising approaches to come up with a highly effective pipeline to produce knock-in mouse and rat models. The four combined methods include: AAV-mediated DNA delivery, single-stranded DNA donor templates, 2-cell embryo modification, and CRISPR-Cas ribonucleoprotein (RNP) electroporation. Using this new combined approach, we were able to produce successfully targeted knock-in rat models containing either Cre or Flp recombinase sequences with knock-in efficiencies over 90%. Furthermore, we were able to produce a knock-in mouse model containing a Cre recombinase targeted insertion with over 50% knock-in efficiency directly comparing efficiencies to other commonly used approaches. Our modified AAV-mediated DNA delivery with 2-cell embryo CRISPR-Cas9 RNP electroporation technique has proven to be highly effective for generating both knock-in mouse and knock-in rat models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J. Davis
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - James F. McNew
- Comparative Medicine Program, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Hailey Maresca-Fichter
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Kaiwen Chen
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - Bhanu P. Telugu
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Elizabeth C. Bryda
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- Rat Resource and Research Center, Columbia, MO, United States
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Popova J, Bets V, Kozhevnikova E. Perspectives in Genome-Editing Techniques for Livestock. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2580. [PMID: 37627370 PMCID: PMC10452040 DOI: 10.3390/ani13162580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Genome editing of farm animals has undeniable practical applications. It helps to improve production traits, enhances the economic value of livestock, and increases disease resistance. Gene-modified animals are also used for biomedical research and drug production and demonstrate the potential to be used as xenograft donors for humans. The recent discovery of site-specific nucleases that allow precision genome editing of a single-cell embryo (or embryonic stem cells) and the development of new embryological delivery manipulations have revolutionized the transgenesis field. These relatively new approaches have already proven to be efficient and reliable for genome engineering and have wide potential for use in agriculture. A number of advanced methodologies have been tested in laboratory models and might be considered for application in livestock animals. At the same time, these methods must meet the requirements of safety, efficiency and availability of their application for a wide range of farm animals. This review aims at covering a brief history of livestock animal genome engineering and outlines possible future directions to design optimal and cost-effective tools for transgenesis in farm species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Popova
- Laboratory of Bioengineering, Novosibirsk State Agrarian University, 630039 Novosibirsk, Russia; (J.P.); (V.B.)
| | - Victoria Bets
- Laboratory of Bioengineering, Novosibirsk State Agrarian University, 630039 Novosibirsk, Russia; (J.P.); (V.B.)
- Center of Technological Excellence, Novosibirsk State Technical University, 630073 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Elena Kozhevnikova
- Laboratory of Bioengineering, Novosibirsk State Agrarian University, 630039 Novosibirsk, Russia; (J.P.); (V.B.)
- Laboratory of Experimental Models of Cognitive and Emotional Disorders, Scientific-Research Institute of Neurosciences and Medicine, 630117 Novosibirsk, Russia
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4
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Rodriguez-Contreras D, Gong S, Lebowitz JJ, Fedorov LM, Asad N, Dore TM, Phillips TJ, Ford CP, Williams JT, Neve KA. Gait Abnormalities and Aberrant D2 Receptor Expression and Signaling in Mice Carrying the Human Pathogenic Mutation DRD2I212F. Mol Pharmacol 2023; 103:188-198. [PMID: 36456191 PMCID: PMC11033946 DOI: 10.1124/molpharm.122.000606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
A dopamine D2 receptor mutation was recently identified in a family with a novel hyperkinetic movement disorder. That allelic variant D2-I212F is a constitutively active and G protein-biased receptor. We now describe mice engineered using CRISPR-Cas9-mediated gene editing technology to carry the D2-I212F variant. Drd2I212F mice exhibited gait abnormalities resembling those in other mouse models of chorea and/or dystonia and had striatal D2 receptor expression that was decreased approximately 30% per Drd2I212F allele. Electrically evoked inhibitory postsynaptic conductances in midbrain dopamine neurons and striatum from Drd2I212F mice, caused by G protein activation of potassium channels, exhibited slow kinetics (e.g., approximately four- to sixfold slower decay) compared with Drd2 +/+ mice. Current decay initiated by photolytic release of the D2 antagonist sulpiride from CyHQ-sulpiride was also ∼fourfold slower in midbrain slices from Drd2I212F mice than Drd2 +/+ mice. Furthermore, in contrast to Drd2 +/+ mice, in which dopamine is several-fold more potent at neurons in the nucleus accumbens than in the dorsal striatum, reflecting activation of Gα o versus Gα i, dopamine had similar potencies in those two brain regions of Drd2I212F mice. Repeated cocaine treatment, which decreases dopamine potency in the nucleus accumbens of Drd2 +/+ mice, had no effect on dopamine potency in Drd2 I212F mice. The results demonstrate the pathogenicity of the D2-I212F mutation and the utility of this mouse model for investigating the role of pathogenic DRD2 variants in early-onset hyperkinetic movement disorders. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: The first dopamine receptor mutation to cause a movement disorder, D2-I212F, was recently identified. The mutation makes receptor activation of G protein-mediated signaling more efficient. To confirm the pathogenesis of D2-I212F, this study reports that mice carrying this mutation have gait abnormalities consistent with the clinical phenotype. The mutation also profoundly alters D2 receptor expression and function in vivo. This mouse model will be useful for further characterization of the mutant receptor and for evaluation of potential therapeutic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dayana Rodriguez-Contreras
- Research Service, VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, Oregon (D.R.-C., T.J.P., K.A.N.); Department of Behavioral Neuroscience (D.R.-C., T.J.P., K.A.N.), Transgenic Mouse Models Shared Resource (L.M.F.), and Vollum Institute (J.J.L., J.T.W.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon; Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado (S.G., C.P.F.); Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio (S.G., C.P.F.); and New York University Abu Dhabi, Saadiyat Island, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates (N.A., T.M.D.)
| | - Sheng Gong
- Research Service, VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, Oregon (D.R.-C., T.J.P., K.A.N.); Department of Behavioral Neuroscience (D.R.-C., T.J.P., K.A.N.), Transgenic Mouse Models Shared Resource (L.M.F.), and Vollum Institute (J.J.L., J.T.W.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon; Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado (S.G., C.P.F.); Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio (S.G., C.P.F.); and New York University Abu Dhabi, Saadiyat Island, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates (N.A., T.M.D.)
| | - Joseph J Lebowitz
- Research Service, VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, Oregon (D.R.-C., T.J.P., K.A.N.); Department of Behavioral Neuroscience (D.R.-C., T.J.P., K.A.N.), Transgenic Mouse Models Shared Resource (L.M.F.), and Vollum Institute (J.J.L., J.T.W.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon; Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado (S.G., C.P.F.); Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio (S.G., C.P.F.); and New York University Abu Dhabi, Saadiyat Island, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates (N.A., T.M.D.)
| | - Lev M Fedorov
- Research Service, VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, Oregon (D.R.-C., T.J.P., K.A.N.); Department of Behavioral Neuroscience (D.R.-C., T.J.P., K.A.N.), Transgenic Mouse Models Shared Resource (L.M.F.), and Vollum Institute (J.J.L., J.T.W.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon; Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado (S.G., C.P.F.); Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio (S.G., C.P.F.); and New York University Abu Dhabi, Saadiyat Island, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates (N.A., T.M.D.)
| | - Naeem Asad
- Research Service, VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, Oregon (D.R.-C., T.J.P., K.A.N.); Department of Behavioral Neuroscience (D.R.-C., T.J.P., K.A.N.), Transgenic Mouse Models Shared Resource (L.M.F.), and Vollum Institute (J.J.L., J.T.W.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon; Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado (S.G., C.P.F.); Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio (S.G., C.P.F.); and New York University Abu Dhabi, Saadiyat Island, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates (N.A., T.M.D.)
| | - Timothy M Dore
- Research Service, VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, Oregon (D.R.-C., T.J.P., K.A.N.); Department of Behavioral Neuroscience (D.R.-C., T.J.P., K.A.N.), Transgenic Mouse Models Shared Resource (L.M.F.), and Vollum Institute (J.J.L., J.T.W.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon; Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado (S.G., C.P.F.); Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio (S.G., C.P.F.); and New York University Abu Dhabi, Saadiyat Island, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates (N.A., T.M.D.)
| | - Tamara J Phillips
- Research Service, VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, Oregon (D.R.-C., T.J.P., K.A.N.); Department of Behavioral Neuroscience (D.R.-C., T.J.P., K.A.N.), Transgenic Mouse Models Shared Resource (L.M.F.), and Vollum Institute (J.J.L., J.T.W.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon; Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado (S.G., C.P.F.); Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio (S.G., C.P.F.); and New York University Abu Dhabi, Saadiyat Island, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates (N.A., T.M.D.)
| | - Christopher P Ford
- Research Service, VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, Oregon (D.R.-C., T.J.P., K.A.N.); Department of Behavioral Neuroscience (D.R.-C., T.J.P., K.A.N.), Transgenic Mouse Models Shared Resource (L.M.F.), and Vollum Institute (J.J.L., J.T.W.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon; Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado (S.G., C.P.F.); Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio (S.G., C.P.F.); and New York University Abu Dhabi, Saadiyat Island, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates (N.A., T.M.D.)
| | - John T Williams
- Research Service, VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, Oregon (D.R.-C., T.J.P., K.A.N.); Department of Behavioral Neuroscience (D.R.-C., T.J.P., K.A.N.), Transgenic Mouse Models Shared Resource (L.M.F.), and Vollum Institute (J.J.L., J.T.W.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon; Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado (S.G., C.P.F.); Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio (S.G., C.P.F.); and New York University Abu Dhabi, Saadiyat Island, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates (N.A., T.M.D.)
| | - Kim A Neve
- Research Service, VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, Oregon (D.R.-C., T.J.P., K.A.N.); Department of Behavioral Neuroscience (D.R.-C., T.J.P., K.A.N.), Transgenic Mouse Models Shared Resource (L.M.F.), and Vollum Institute (J.J.L., J.T.W.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon; Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado (S.G., C.P.F.); Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio (S.G., C.P.F.); and New York University Abu Dhabi, Saadiyat Island, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates (N.A., T.M.D.)
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5
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Tanihara F, Hirata M, Namula Z, Do LTK, Yoshimura N, Lin Q, Takebayashi K, Sakuma T, Yamamoto T, Otoi T. Pigs with an INS point mutation derived from zygotes electroporated with CRISPR/Cas9 and ssODN. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:884340. [PMID: 36711037 PMCID: PMC9880039 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.884340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Just one amino acid at the carboxy-terminus of the B chain distinguishes human insulin from porcine insulin. By introducing a precise point mutation into the porcine insulin (INS) gene, we were able to generate genetically modified pigs that secreted human insulin; these pigs may be suitable donors for islet xenotransplantation. The electroporation of the CRISPR/Cas9 gene-editing system into zygotes is frequently used to establish genetically modified rodents, as it requires less time and no micromanipulation. However, electroporation has not been used to generate point-mutated pigs yet. In the present study, we introduced a point mutation into porcine zygotes via electroporation using the CRISPR/Cas9 system to generate INS point-mutated pigs as suitable islet donors. We first optimized the efficiency of introducing point mutations by evaluating the effect of Scr7 and the homology arm length of ssODN on improving homology-directed repair-mediated gene modification. Subsequently, we prepared electroporated zygotes under optimized conditions and transferred them to recipient gilts. Two recipients became pregnant and delivered five piglets. Three of the five piglets carried only the biallelic frame-shift mutation in the INS gene, whereas the other two successfully carried the desired point mutation. One of the two pigs mated with a WT boar, and this desired point mutation was successfully inherited in the next F1 generation. In conclusion, we successfully established genetically engineered pigs with the desired point mutation via electroporation-mediated introduction of the CRISPR/Cas9 system into zygotes, thereby avoiding the time-consuming and complicated micromanipulation method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuminori Tanihara
- Faculty of Bioscience and Bioindustry, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Maki Hirata
- Faculty of Bioscience and Bioindustry, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan,Bio-Innovation Research Center, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Zhao Namula
- Faculty of Bioscience and Bioindustry, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan,College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Lanh Thi Kim Do
- Faculty of Bioscience and Bioindustry, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Naoaki Yoshimura
- Faculty of Bioscience and Bioindustry, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan,Bio-Innovation Research Center, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Qingyi Lin
- Faculty of Bioscience and Bioindustry, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan,Bio-Innovation Research Center, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Koki Takebayashi
- Faculty of Bioscience and Bioindustry, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan,Bio-Innovation Research Center, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Tetsushi Sakuma
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Takashi Yamamoto
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Takeshige Otoi
- Faculty of Bioscience and Bioindustry, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan,Bio-Innovation Research Center, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan,*Correspondence: Takeshige Otoi,
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Schaeffer L, Lindner L, Pavlovic G, Hérault Y, Birling MC. CRISMERE Chromosome Engineering in Mouse and Rat. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2631:277-297. [PMID: 36995673 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2990-1_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
CRISPR/Cas9 technology is a versatile tool for engineering biology that has dramatically transformed our ability to manipulate genomes. In this protocol, we use its capacity to generate two double-strand breaks simultaneously, at precise positions in the genome, to generate mouse or rat lines with deletion, inversion, and duplication of a specific genomic segment. The technic is called CRISMERE for CRISpr-MEdiated REarrangement. This protocol describes the different steps to generate and validate the different chromosomal rearrangements that can be obtained with the technology. These new genetic configurations can be useful to model rare diseases with copy number variation, understand the genomic organization, or provide genetic tools (like balancer chromosome) to keep lethal mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence Schaeffer
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, INSERM, CELPHEDIA, PHENOMIN, Institut Clinique de la Souris, Illkirch, France
| | - Loic Lindner
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, INSERM, CELPHEDIA, PHENOMIN, Institut Clinique de la Souris, Illkirch, France
| | - Guillaume Pavlovic
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, INSERM, CELPHEDIA, PHENOMIN, Institut Clinique de la Souris, Illkirch, France
| | - Yann Hérault
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, INSERM, CELPHEDIA, PHENOMIN, Institut Clinique de la Souris, Illkirch, France
| | - Marie-Christine Birling
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, INSERM, CELPHEDIA, PHENOMIN, Institut Clinique de la Souris, Illkirch, France.
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7
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Davis DJ, Men H, Bryda EC. Electroporation-Mediated CRISPR/Cas9 Genome Editing in Rat Zygotes. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2631:267-276. [PMID: 36995672 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2990-1_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
Genetic engineering in the rat has been revolutionized by the development of CRISPR-based genome editing tools. Conventional methods for inserting genome editing elements such as CRISPR/Cas9 reagents into rat zygotes include cytoplasmic or pronuclear microinjections. These techniques are labor-intensive, require specialized micromanipulator equipment, and are technically challenging. Here, we describe a simple and effective method for zygote electroporation in which CRISPR/Cas9 reagents are introduced into rat zygotes via pores produced by precise electrical pulses applied to the cells. Zygote electroporation allows for high-throughput efficient genome editing in rat embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Davis
- Animal Modeling Core, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.
| | - Hongsheng Men
- Rat Resource and Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Elizabeth C Bryda
- Animal Modeling Core, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- Rat Resource and Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
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8
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Liu Z, Li Z, Li B. Nonviral Delivery of CRISPR/Cas Systems in mRNA Format. ADVANCED NANOBIOMED RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/anbr.202200082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Liu
- Department of Infectious Disease Shenzhen People's Hospital The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University Shenzhen 518020 China
| | - Zhenghua Li
- Department of Infectious Disease Shenzhen People's Hospital The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University Shenzhen 518020 China
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Infectious Disease Shenzhen People's Hospital The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University Shenzhen 518020 China
- School of Medicine Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen 518055 China
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9
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Ramesh R, Manurung Y, Ma KH, Blakely T, Won S, Moreno-Ramos OA, Wyatt E, Awatramani R, Svaren J. JUN Regulation of Injury-Induced Enhancers in Schwann Cells. J Neurosci 2022; 42:6506-6517. [PMID: 35906072 PMCID: PMC9410756 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2533-21.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Schwann cells play a critical role after peripheral nerve injury by clearing myelin debris, forming axon-guiding bands of Büngner, and remyelinating regenerating axons. Schwann cells undergo epigenomic remodeling to differentiate into a repair state that expresses unique genes, some of which are not expressed at other stages of Schwann cell development. We previously identified a set of enhancers that are activated in Schwann cells after nerve injury, and we determined whether these enhancers are preprogrammed into the Schwann cell epigenome as poised enhancers before injury. Poised enhancers share many attributes of active enhancers, such as open chromatin, but are marked by repressive histone H3 lysine 27 (H3K27) trimethylation rather than H3K27 acetylation. We find that most injury-induced enhancers are not marked as poised enhancers before injury indicating that injury-induced enhancers are not preprogrammed in the Schwann cell epigenome. Injury-induced enhancers are enriched with AP-1 binding motifs, and the c-JUN subunit of AP-1 had been shown to be critical to drive the transcriptional response of Schwann cells after injury. Using in vivo chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing analysis in rat, we find that c-JUN binds to a subset of injury-induced enhancers. To test the role of specific injury-induced enhancers, we focused on c-JUN-binding enhancers upstream of the Sonic hedgehog (Shh) gene, which is only upregulated in repair Schwann cells compared with other stages of Schwann cell development. We used targeted deletions in male/female mice to show that the enhancers are required for robust induction of the Shh gene after injury.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The proregenerative actions of Schwann cells after nerve injury depends on profound reprogramming of the epigenome. The repair state is directed by injury-induced transcription factors, like JUN, which is uniquely required after nerve injury. In this study, we test whether the injury program is preprogrammed into the epigenome as poised enhancers and define which enhancers bind JUN. Finally, we test the roles of these enhancers by performing clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)-mediated deletion of JUN-bound injury enhancers in the Sonic hedgehog gene. Although many long-range enhancers drive expression of Sonic hedgehog at different developmental stages of specific tissues, these studies identify an entirely new set of enhancers that are required for Sonic hedgehog induction in Schwann cells after injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghu Ramesh
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705
- Comparative Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Yanti Manurung
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611
| | - Ki H Ma
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705
| | - Todd Blakely
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611
| | - Seongsik Won
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705
| | - Oscar Andrés Moreno-Ramos
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611
| | - Eugene Wyatt
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611
| | - Rajeshwar Awatramani
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611
| | - John Svaren
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705
- Comparative Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705
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10
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H3K27me3 at pericentromeric heterochromatin is a defining feature of the early mouse blastocyst. Sci Rep 2022; 12:13908. [PMID: 35974030 PMCID: PMC9381757 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-17730-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Early mouse development is characterized by structural and epigenetic changes while cells progress towards differentiation. At blastocyst stage, the segregation of the three primordial lineages is accompanied by establishment of differential patterns of DNA methylation and post-translational modifications of histones, such as H3K27me3. Here, we analysed the dynamics of H3K27me3 at pericentromeric heterochromatin (PCH) during early development. We also followed the localization of EZH2 and BEND3, previously shown in ESCs to drive PRC2 to hypomethylated PCH. We show that the location of H3K27me3 at PCH, in addition to H3K9me3, is a defining feature of embryonic cells in vivo. Moreover, it may play an important role in structuring PCH and preserving genomic integrity at a time of globally relaxed chromatin. At peri-implantation stages, while DNA methylation is still low, EZH2 and then H3K27me3, leave PCH in epiblast progenitors at the time of their spatial segregation from primitive endoderm cells, while BEND3 remains there up to implantation. The comparison with stem cells (ESCs and TSCs) reveals that the epigenetic marks (i.e. H3K9me3 and H3K27me3) of PCH are reset during in vitro derivation and only partially restored thereafter. This highlights possible divergences between in vitro and "in embryo" epigenetic regulation regarding constitutive heterochromatin.
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11
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Miskel D, Poirier M, Beunink L, Rings F, Held E, Tholen E, Tesfaye D, Schellander K, Salilew-Wondim D, Blaschka C, Große-Brinkhaus C, Brenig B, Hoelker M. The cell cycle stage of bovine zygotes electroporated with CRISPR/Cas9-RNP affects frequency of Loss-of-heterozygosity editing events. Sci Rep 2022; 12:10793. [PMID: 35750764 PMCID: PMC9232522 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-14699-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
At the embryonic level, CRISPR technologies have been used to edit genomes reliably and efficiently in various mammalian models, with Ribonucleoprotein (RNP) electroporation potentially representing a superior delivery method into mammalian zygotes. However, detailed insights of the interactions between varying technical settings as well as the time point of electroporation in a bovine zygote's cell cycle on developmental metrics and the frequency and type of editing events are largely unknown. The present study uncovers that increasing pulse lengths result in higher Full Edit rates, with Mosaicism in Full-Edit embryos being significantly affected by adjusting RNP-electroporation relative to zygote cell cycle. A considerable proportion of Full Edit embryos demonstrated loss-of-heterozygosity after RNP-electroporation prior to S-phase. Some of these loss-of-heterozygosity events are a consequence of chromosomal disruptions along large sections of the target chromosomes making it necessary to check for their presence prior use of this technique in animal breeding. One out of 2 of these loss-of-heterozygosity events, however, was not associated with loss of an entire chromosome or chromosomal sections. Whether analysed loss-of-heterozygosity in these cases, however, was a false negative result due to loss of PCR primer sequences after INDEL formation at the target side or indeed due to interhomolog recombination needs to be clarified in follow up studies since the latter would for sure offer attractive options for future breeding schedules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Miskel
- grid.10388.320000 0001 2240 3300Institute of Animal Sciences, Animal Breeding, University of Bonn, Endenicher Allee 15, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Mikhael Poirier
- grid.10388.320000 0001 2240 3300Institute of Animal Sciences, Animal Breeding, University of Bonn, Endenicher Allee 15, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Luisa Beunink
- grid.10388.320000 0001 2240 3300Institute of Animal Sciences, Animal Breeding, University of Bonn, Endenicher Allee 15, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Franca Rings
- grid.10388.320000 0001 2240 3300Institute of Animal Sciences, Animal Breeding, University of Bonn, Endenicher Allee 15, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Eva Held
- grid.10388.320000 0001 2240 3300Institute of Animal Sciences, Animal Breeding, University of Bonn, Endenicher Allee 15, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Ernst Tholen
- grid.10388.320000 0001 2240 3300Institute of Animal Sciences, Animal Breeding, University of Bonn, Endenicher Allee 15, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Dawit Tesfaye
- grid.47894.360000 0004 1936 8083Department of Biomedical Sciences, Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology Laboratory, Colorado State University, 3105 Rampart Rd, Fort Collins, CO 80521 USA
| | - Karl Schellander
- grid.10388.320000 0001 2240 3300Institute of Animal Sciences, Animal Breeding, University of Bonn, Endenicher Allee 15, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Dessie Salilew-Wondim
- grid.10388.320000 0001 2240 3300Institute of Animal Sciences, Animal Breeding, University of Bonn, Endenicher Allee 15, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Carina Blaschka
- grid.7450.60000 0001 2364 4210Department of Animal Science, Biotechnology and Reproduction of Farm Animals, Georg August University Goettingen, Burckhardtweg 2, 37077 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Christine Große-Brinkhaus
- grid.10388.320000 0001 2240 3300Institute of Animal Sciences, Animal Breeding, University of Bonn, Endenicher Allee 15, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Bertram Brenig
- grid.7450.60000 0001 2364 4210Department of Molecular Biology of Livestock, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Georg August University Goettingen, Burckhardtweg 2, 37077 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Michael Hoelker
- grid.7450.60000 0001 2364 4210Department of Animal Science, Biotechnology and Reproduction of Farm Animals, Georg August University Goettingen, Burckhardtweg 2, 37077 Goettingen, Germany
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12
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Murase Y, Takeichi T, Koseki J, Miyasaka Y, Muro Y, Ohno T, Shimamura T, Akiyama M. UVB-Induced Skin Autoinflammation Due to Nlrp1b Mutation and Its Inhibition by Anti-IL-1β Antibody. Front Immunol 2022; 13:876390. [PMID: 35784371 PMCID: PMC9248282 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.876390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
NLRP1 (NACHT and leucine-rich repeat-containing protein family, pyrin domain-containing protein 1) is an innate immune sensor that is involved in the formation of inflammasome complexes. NLRP1 hyperactivity has been reported to cause inherited autoinflammatory diseases including familial keratosis lichenoides chronica and NLRP1-associated autoinflammation with arthritis and dyskeratosis. We generated Nlrp1b (the mouse homologue of human NLRP1) gain-of-function knock-in (Nlrp1b KI) mice with UVB irradiation-induced autoinflammatory skin lesions. We demonstrated that UVB irradiation induces IL-1β upregulation and IL-1β-dependent inflammation via caspase-1 activation in these Nlrp1b KI mice. RNA sequencing revealed the upregulation of inflammasome pathway-related genes, keratinocyte stress marker genes, and keratinocyte differentiation marker genes in the Nlrp1b KI mice after UVB irradiation. The skin inflammation and hyperkeratosis from UVB irradiation in the Nlrp1b KI mice were inhibited by both intraperitoneal and subcutaneous administration of anti-IL-1β antibodies before UVB irradiation. UVB irradiation and the IL-1β pathway are important in the pathogenesis of NLRP1-associated autoinflammatory skin lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuya Murase
- Department of Dermatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takuya Takeichi
- Department of Dermatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Jun Koseki
- Division of Systems Biology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yuki Miyasaka
- Division of Experimental Animals, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yoshinao Muro
- Department of Dermatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tamio Ohno
- Division of Experimental Animals, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Teppei Shimamura
- Division of Systems Biology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masashi Akiyama
- Department of Dermatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
- *Correspondence: Masashi Akiyama,
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13
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Sanchez-Baltasar R, Garcia-Torralba A, Nieto-Romero V, Page A, Molinos-Vicente A, López-Manzaneda S, Ojeda-Pérez I, Ramirez A, Navarro M, Segovia JC, García-Bravo M. Efficient and Fast Generation of Relevant Disease Mouse Models by In Vitro and In Vivo Gene Editing of Zygotes. CRISPR J 2022; 5:422-434. [PMID: 35686982 PMCID: PMC9233508 DOI: 10.1089/crispr.2022.0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Knockout mice for human disease-causing genes provide valuable models in which new therapeutic approaches can be tested. Electroporation of genome editing tools into zygotes, in vitro or within oviducts, allows for the generation of targeted mutations in a shorter time. We have generated mouse models deficient in genes involved in metabolic rare diseases (Primary Hyperoxaluria Type 1 Pyruvate Kinase Deficiency) or in a tumor suppressor gene (Rasa1). Pairs of guide RNAs were designed to generate controlled deletions that led to the absence of protein. In vitro or in vivo ribonucleoprotein (RNP) electroporation rendered more than 90% and 30% edited newborn animals, respectively. Mice lines with edited alleles were established and disease hallmarks have been verified in the three models that showed a high consistency of results and validating RNP electroporation into zygotes as an efficient technique for disease modeling without the need to outsource to external facilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Sanchez-Baltasar
- Molecular and Translational Oncology Division, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Aida Garcia-Torralba
- Cell Technology Division, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIEMAT/CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
- Advanced Therapies Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD, UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Virginia Nieto-Romero
- Cell Technology Division, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIEMAT/CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
- Advanced Therapies Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD, UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Angustias Page
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain
- Molecular and Translational Oncology Division, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIEMAT/CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrea Molinos-Vicente
- Cell Technology Division, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIEMAT/CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
- Advanced Therapies Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD, UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Sergio López-Manzaneda
- Epithelial Biomedicine Division, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carlos III University (UC3M), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER) U714, Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Ojeda-Pérez
- Cell Technology Division, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIEMAT/CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
- Advanced Therapies Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD, UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Angel Ramirez
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain
- Molecular and Translational Oncology Division, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIEMAT/CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Navarro
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain
- Molecular and Translational Oncology Division, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIEMAT/CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - José Carlos Segovia
- Cell Technology Division, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIEMAT/CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
- Advanced Therapies Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD, UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - María García-Bravo
- Cell Technology Division, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIEMAT/CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
- Advanced Therapies Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD, UAM), Madrid, Spain
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14
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An Overview of Cell Membrane Perforation and Resealing Mechanisms for Localized Drug Delivery. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14040886. [PMID: 35456718 PMCID: PMC9031838 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14040886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Localized and reversible plasma membrane disruption is a promising technique employed for the targeted deposition of exogenous therapeutic compounds for the treatment of disease. Indeed, the plasma membrane represents a significant barrier to successful delivery, and various physical methods using light, sound, and electrical energy have been developed to generate cell membrane perforations to circumvent this issue. To restore homeostasis and preserve viability, localized cellular repair mechanisms are subsequently triggered to initiate a rapid restoration of plasma membrane integrity. Here, we summarize the known emergency membrane repair responses, detailing the salient membrane sealing proteins as well as the underlying cytoskeletal remodeling that follows the physical induction of a localized plasma membrane pore, and we present an overview of potential modulation strategies that may improve targeted drug delivery approaches.
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15
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From genotype to phenotype: genetics of mammalian long non-coding RNAs in vivo. Nat Rev Genet 2022; 23:229-243. [PMID: 34837040 DOI: 10.1038/s41576-021-00427-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Genome-wide sequencing has led to the discovery of thousands of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) loci in the human genome, but evidence of functional significance has remained controversial for many lncRNAs. Genetically engineered model organisms are considered the gold standard for linking genotype to phenotype. Recent advances in CRISPR-Cas genome editing have led to a rapid increase in the use of mouse models to more readily survey lncRNAs for functional significance. Here, we review strategies to investigate the physiological relevance of lncRNA loci by highlighting studies that have used genetic mouse models to reveal key in vivo roles for lncRNAs, from fertility to brain development. We illustrate how an investigative approach, starting with whole-gene deletion followed by transcription termination and/or transgene rescue strategies, can provide definitive evidence for the in vivo function of mammalian lncRNAs.
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16
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Sato M, Nakamura S, Inada E, Takabayashi S. Recent Advances in the Production of Genome-Edited Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052548. [PMID: 35269691 PMCID: PMC8910656 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The rat is an important animal model for understanding gene function and developing human disease models. Knocking out a gene function in rats was difficult until recently, when a series of genome editing (GE) technologies, including zinc-finger nucleases (ZFNs), transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs), and the type II bacterial clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated Cas9 (CRISPR/Cas9) systems were successfully applied for gene modification (as exemplified by gene-specific knockout and knock-in) in the endogenous target genes of various organisms including rats. Owing to its simple application for gene modification and its ease of use, the CRISPR/Cas9 system is now commonly used worldwide. The most important aspect of this process is the selection of the method used to deliver GE components to rat embryos. In earlier stages, the microinjection (MI) of GE components into the cytoplasm and/or nuclei of a zygote was frequently employed. However, this method is associated with the use of an expensive manipulator system, the skills required to operate it, and the egg transfer (ET) of MI-treated embryos to recipient females for further development. In vitro electroporation (EP) of zygotes is next recognized as a simple and rapid method to introduce GE components to produce GE animals. Furthermore, in vitro transduction of rat embryos with adeno-associated viruses is potentially effective for obtaining GE rats. However, these two approaches also require ET. The use of gene-engineered embryonic stem cells or spermatogonial stem cells appears to be of interest to obtain GE rats; however, the procedure itself is difficult and laborious. Genome-editing via oviductal nucleic acids delivery (GONAD) (or improved GONAD (i-GONAD)) is a novel method allowing for the in situ production of GE zygotes existing within the oviductal lumen. This can be performed by the simple intraoviductal injection of GE components and subsequent in vivo EP toward the injected oviducts and does not require ET. In this review, we describe the development of various approaches for producing GE rats together with an assessment of their technical advantages and limitations, and present new GE-related technologies and current achievements using those rats in relation to human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Sato
- Department of Genome Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
- Correspondence: (M.S.); (S.T.); Tel.: +81-3-3416-0181 (M.S.); +81-53-435-2001 (S.T.)
| | - Shingo Nakamura
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, National Defense Medical College Research Institute, Saitama 359-8513, Japan;
| | - Emi Inada
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan;
| | - Shuji Takabayashi
- Laboratory Animal Facilities & Services, Preeminent Medical Photonics Education & Research Center, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan
- Correspondence: (M.S.); (S.T.); Tel.: +81-3-3416-0181 (M.S.); +81-53-435-2001 (S.T.)
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17
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Takeichi T, Lee JYW, Okuno Y, Miyasaka Y, Murase Y, Yoshikawa T, Tanahashi K, Nishida E, Okamoto T, Ito K, Muro Y, Sugiura K, Ohno T, McGrath JA, Akiyama M. Autoinflammatory Keratinization Disease With Hepatitis and Autism Reveals Roles for JAK1 Kinase Hyperactivity in Autoinflammation. Front Immunol 2022; 12:737747. [PMID: 35046931 PMCID: PMC8761858 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.737747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Heterozygous mutations in JAK1 which result in JAK-STAT hyperactivity have been implicated in an autosomal dominant disorder that features multi-organ immune dysregulation. This study identifies another previously unreported heterozygous missense JAK1 mutation, H596D, in an individual with a unique autoinflammatory keratinization disease associated with early-onset liver dysfunction and autism. Using CRISPR-Cas9 gene targeting, we generated mice with an identical Jak1 knock-in missense mutation (Jak1H595D/+;I596I/+;Y597Y/+ mice) that recapitulated key aspects of the human phenotype. RNA sequencing of samples isolated from the Jak1H595D/+;I596I/+;Y597Y/+ mice revealed the upregulation of genes associated with the hyperactivation of tyrosine kinases and NF-κB signaling. Interestingly, there was a strong correlation between genes downregulated in Jak1H595D/+;I596I/+;Y597Y/+ mice and those downregulated in the brain of model mice with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome that showed cognitive and behavioral deficits, such as autism spectrum disorders. Our findings expand the phenotypic spectrum of JAK1-associated disease and underscore how JAK1 dysfunction contributes to this autoinflammatory disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Takeichi
- Department of Dermatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - John Y W Lee
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Yusuke Okuno
- Medical Genomics Center, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Pediatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Virology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yuki Miyasaka
- Division of Experimental Animals, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yuya Murase
- Department of Dermatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takenori Yoshikawa
- Department of Dermatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kana Tanahashi
- Department of Dermatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Emi Nishida
- Department of Geriatric and Environmental Dermatology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Okamoto
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Komei Ito
- Department of Allergology, Aichi Children's Health and Medical Center, Obu, Japan
| | - Yoshinao Muro
- Department of Dermatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kazumitsu Sugiura
- Department of Dermatology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Tamio Ohno
- Division of Experimental Animals, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - John A McGrath
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Masashi Akiyama
- Department of Dermatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
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18
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Sentmanat MF, White JM, Kouranova E, Cui X. Highly reliable creation of floxed alleles by electroporating single-cell embryos. BMC Biol 2022; 20:31. [PMID: 35115009 PMCID: PMC8815186 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-021-01223-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Floxed (flanked by loxP) alleles are a crucial portion of conditional knockout mouse models. However, an efficient and reliable strategy to flox genomic regions of any desired size is still lacking. RESULTS Here, we demonstrate that the method combining electroporation of fertilized eggs with gRNA/Cas9 complexes and single-stranded oligodeoxynucleotides (ssODNs), assessing phasing of loxP insertions in founders using an in vitro Cre assay and an optional, highly specific and efficient second-round targeting ensures the generation of floxed F1 animals in roughly five months for a wide range of sequence lengths (448 bp to 160 kb reported here). CONCLUSIONS Floxed alleles can be reliably obtained in a predictable timeline using the improved method of electroporation of two gRNA/Cas9 ribonucleoprotein particles (RNPs) and two ssODNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica F. Sentmanat
- Genome Engineering & Stem Cell Center (GESC@MGI), Department of Genetics, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - J. Michael White
- Transgenic, Knockout and Microinjection Core, Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - Evguenia Kouranova
- Genome Engineering & Stem Cell Center (GESC@MGI), Department of Genetics, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - Xiaoxia Cui
- Genome Engineering & Stem Cell Center (GESC@MGI), Department of Genetics, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
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19
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Recazens E, Tavernier G, Dufau J, Bergoglio C, Benhamed F, Cassant-Sourdy S, Marques MA, Caspar-Bauguil S, Brion A, Monbrun L, Dentin R, Ferrier C, Leroux M, Denechaud PD, Moro C, Concordet JP, Postic C, Mouisel E, Langin D. ChREBPβ is dispensable for the control of glucose homeostasis and energy balance. JCI Insight 2022; 7:153431. [PMID: 35041621 PMCID: PMC8876429 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.153431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Impaired glucose metabolism is observed in obesity and type 2 diabetes. Glucose controls gene expression through the transcription factor ChREBP in liver and adipose tissues. Mlxipl encodes 2 isoforms: ChREBPα, the full-length form (translocation into the nucleus is under the control of glucose), and ChREBPβ, a constitutively nuclear shorter form. ChREBPβ gene expression in white adipose tissue is strongly associated with insulin sensitivity. Here, we investigated the consequences of ChREBPβ deficiency on insulin action and energy balance. ChREBPβ-deficient male and female C57BL6/J and FVB/N mice were produced using CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene editing. Unlike global ChREBP deficiency, lack of ChREBPβ showed modest effects on gene expression in adipose tissues and the liver, with variations chiefly observed in brown adipose tissue. In mice fed chow and 2 types of high-fat diets, lack of ChREBPβ had moderate effects on body composition and insulin sensitivity. At thermoneutrality, ChREBPβ deficiency did not prevent the whitening of brown adipose tissue previously reported in total ChREBP-KO mice. These findings revealed that ChREBPβ is dispensable for metabolic adaptations to nutritional and thermic challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jérémy Dufau
- Equipe MetaDiab, I2MC Inserm UT3 UMR1297, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Fadila Benhamed
- Endocrinologie Metabolisme et Cancer, Insitut Cochin Inserm U567, Paris, France
| | | | | | | | - Alice Brion
- Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS UMR 7196, INSERM U1154, Paris, France
| | | | - Renaud Dentin
- Endocrinologie Metabolisme et Cancer, Insitut Cochin Inserm U567, Paris, France
| | - Clara Ferrier
- Equipe MetaDiab, I2MC Inserm UT3 UMR1297, Toulouse, France
| | - Mélanie Leroux
- Equipe MetaDiab, I2MC Inserm UT3 UMR1297, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Cedric Moro
- Equipe MetaDiab, I2MC Inserm UT3 UMR1297, Toulouse, France
| | - Jean-Paul Concordet
- Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS UMR 7196, INSERM U1154, Paris, France
| | - Catherine Postic
- Endocrinology, Metabolism, Diabetes, Insitut Cochin Inserm U567, Paris, France
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20
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Niu T, De Rosny C, Chautard S, Rey A, Patoli D, Groslambert M, Cosson C, Lagrange B, Zhang Z, Visvikis O, Hacot S, Hologne M, Walker O, Wong J, Wang P, Ricci R, Henry T, Boyer L, Petrilli V, Py BF. NLRP3 phosphorylation in its LRR domain critically regulates inflammasome assembly. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5862. [PMID: 34615873 PMCID: PMC8494922 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26142-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
NLRP3 controls the secretion of inflammatory cytokines IL-1β/18 and pyroptosis by assembling the inflammasome. Upon coordinated priming and activation stimuli, NLRP3 recruits NEK7 within hetero-oligomers that nucleate ASC and caspase-1 filaments, but the apical molecular mechanisms underlying inflammasome assembly remain elusive. Here we show that NEK7 recruitment to NLRP3 is controlled by the phosphorylation status of NLRP3 S803 located within the interaction surface, in which NLRP3 S803 is phosphorylated upon priming and later dephosphorylated upon activation. Phosphomimetic substitutions of S803 abolish NEK7 recruitment and inflammasome activity in macrophages in vitro and in vivo. In addition, NLRP3-NEK7 binding is also essential for NLRP3 deubiquitination by BRCC3 and subsequently inflammasome assembly, with NLRP3 phosphomimetic mutants showing enhanced ubiquitination and degradation than wildtype NLRP3. Finally, we identify CSNK1A1 as the kinase targeting NLRP3 S803. Our findings thus reveal NLRP3 S803 phosphorylation status as a druggable apical molecular mechanism controlling inflammasome assembly. Nlrp3 inflammasome activation requires Nek7 recruitment to drive ASC speck formation. Here the authors show how Nlrp3 phosphorylation events control this Nek7 recruitment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Niu
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Univ Lyon, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, F-69007, Lyon, France.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, 200241, Shanghai, China
| | - Charlotte De Rosny
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Univ Lyon, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, F-69007, Lyon, France
| | - Séverine Chautard
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Univ Lyon, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, F-69007, Lyon, France
| | - Amaury Rey
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Univ Lyon, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, F-69007, Lyon, France
| | - Danish Patoli
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Univ Lyon, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, F-69007, Lyon, France
| | - Marine Groslambert
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Univ Lyon, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, F-69007, Lyon, France
| | - Camille Cosson
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Univ Lyon, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, F-69007, Lyon, France
| | - Brice Lagrange
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Univ Lyon, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, F-69007, Lyon, France
| | - Zhirong Zhang
- IGBMC, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS, UMR7104, Inserm, U964, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Orane Visvikis
- Université Côte d'Azur, Inserm, C3M, F-06204, Nice, France
| | - Sabine Hacot
- CRCL, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Maggy Hologne
- Institut des Sciences Analytiques (ISA), Univ Lyon, CNRS, CNRS UMR5280, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Olivier Walker
- Institut des Sciences Analytiques (ISA), Univ Lyon, CNRS, CNRS UMR5280, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Jeimin Wong
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, 200241, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Tongji Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Tongji University, 200092, Shanghai, China
| | - Roméo Ricci
- IGBMC, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS, UMR7104, Inserm, U964, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Thomas Henry
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Univ Lyon, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, F-69007, Lyon, France
| | - Laurent Boyer
- Université Côte d'Azur, Inserm, C3M, F-06204, Nice, France
| | - Virginie Petrilli
- CRCL, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Bénédicte F Py
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Univ Lyon, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, F-69007, Lyon, France.
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21
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Morisaki I, Shiraishi H, Fujinami H, Shimizu N, Hikida T, Arai Y, Kobayashi T, Hanada R, Penninger JM, Fujiki M, Hanada T. Modeling a human CLP1 mutation in mouse identifies an accumulation of tyrosine pre-tRNA fragments causing pontocerebellar hypoplasia type 10. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 570:60-66. [PMID: 34273619 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.07.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Cleavage factor polyribonucleotide kinase subunit 1 (CLP1), an RNA kinase, plays essential roles in protein complexes involved in the 3'-end formation and polyadenylation of mRNA and the tRNA splicing endonuclease complex, which is involved in precursor tRNA splicing. The mutation R140H in human CLP1 causes pontocerebellar hypoplasia type 10 (PCH10), which is characterized by microcephaly and axonal peripheral neuropathy. Previously, we reported that RNA fragments derived from isoleucine pre-tRNA introns (Ile-introns) accumulate in fibroblasts of patients with PCH10. Therefore, it has been suggested that this intronic RNA fragment accumulation may trigger PCH10 onset. However, the molecular mechanism underlying PCH10 pathogenesis remains elusive. Thus, we generated knock-in mutant mice that harbored a CLP1 mutation consistent with R140H. As expected, these mice showed progressive loss of the upper motor neurons, resulting in impaired locomotor activity, although the phenotype was milder than that of the human variant. Mechanistically, we found that the R140H mutation causes intracellular accumulation of Ile-introns derived from isoleucine pre-tRNAs and 5' tRNA fragments derived from tyrosine pre-tRNAs, suggesting that these two types of RNA fragments were cooperatively or independently involved in the onset and progression of the disease. Taken together, the CLP1-R140H mouse model provided new insights into the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, such as PCH10, caused by genetic mutations in tRNA metabolism-related molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikuko Morisaki
- Department of Cell Biology, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Yufu, Oita, 879-5593, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Shiraishi
- Department of Cell Biology, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Yufu, Oita, 879-5593, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Fujinami
- Department of Cell Biology, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Yufu, Oita, 879-5593, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Shimizu
- Department of Cell Biology, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Yufu, Oita, 879-5593, Japan
| | - Takatoshi Hikida
- Laboratory for Advanced Brain Functions, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yuji Arai
- Laboratory of Animal Experiment and Medical Management, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Osaka, 564-8565, Japan
| | - Takashi Kobayashi
- Department of Infectious Disease Control, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Yufu, Oita, 879-5593, Japan
| | - Reiko Hanada
- Department of Neurophysiology, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Yufu, Oita, 879-5593, Japan
| | - Josef M Penninger
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Vienna, Austria; Department of Medical Genetics, Life Science Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Minoru Fujiki
- Department of Neurosurgery, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Yufu, Oita, 879-5593, Japan
| | - Toshikatsu Hanada
- Department of Cell Biology, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Yufu, Oita, 879-5593, Japan.
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22
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Chenouard V, Remy S, Tesson L, Ménoret S, Ouisse LH, Cherifi Y, Anegon I. Advances in Genome Editing and Application to the Generation of Genetically Modified Rat Models. Front Genet 2021; 12:615491. [PMID: 33959146 PMCID: PMC8093876 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.615491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The rat has been extensively used as a small animal model. Many genetically engineered rat models have emerged in the last two decades, and the advent of gene-specific nucleases has accelerated their generation in recent years. This review covers the techniques and advances used to generate genetically engineered rat lines and their application to the development of rat models more broadly, such as conditional knockouts and reporter gene strains. In addition, genome-editing techniques that remain to be explored in the rat are discussed. The review also focuses more particularly on two areas in which extensive work has been done: human genetic diseases and immune system analysis. Models are thoroughly described in these two areas and highlight the competitive advantages of rat models over available corresponding mouse versions. The objective of this review is to provide a comprehensive description of the advantages and potential of rat models for addressing specific scientific questions and to characterize the best genome-engineering tools for developing new projects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Chenouard
- CHU Nantes, Inserm, Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie, UMR 1064, ITUN, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
- genOway, Lyon, France
| | - Séverine Remy
- CHU Nantes, Inserm, Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie, UMR 1064, ITUN, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Laurent Tesson
- CHU Nantes, Inserm, Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie, UMR 1064, ITUN, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Séverine Ménoret
- CHU Nantes, Inserm, Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie, UMR 1064, ITUN, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
- CHU Nantes, Inserm, CNRS, SFR Santé, Inserm UMS 016, CNRS UMS 3556, Nantes Université, Nantes, France
| | - Laure-Hélène Ouisse
- CHU Nantes, Inserm, Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie, UMR 1064, ITUN, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | | | - Ignacio Anegon
- CHU Nantes, Inserm, Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie, UMR 1064, ITUN, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
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23
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Lin JC, Van Eenennaam AL. Electroporation-Mediated Genome Editing of Livestock Zygotes. Front Genet 2021; 12:648482. [PMID: 33927751 PMCID: PMC8078910 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.648482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The introduction of genome editing reagents into mammalian zygotes has traditionally been accomplished by cytoplasmic or pronuclear microinjection. This time-consuming procedure requires expensive equipment and a high level of skill. Electroporation of zygotes offers a simplified and more streamlined approach to transfect mammalian zygotes. There are a number of studies examining the parameters used in electroporation of mouse and rat zygotes. Here, we review the electroporation conditions, timing, and success rates that have been reported for mice and rats, in addition to the few reports about livestock zygotes, specifically pigs and cattle. The introduction of editing reagents at, or soon after, fertilization can help reduce the rate of mosaicism, the presence of two of more genotypes in the cells of an individual; as can the introduction of nuclease proteins rather than mRNA encoding nucleases. Mosaicism is particularly problematic in large livestock species with long generation intervals as it can take years to obtain non-mosaic, homozygous offspring through breeding. Gene knockouts accomplished via the non-homologous end joining pathway have been more widely reported and successfully accomplished using electroporation than have gene knock-ins. Delivering large DNA plasmids into the zygote is hindered by the zona pellucida (ZP), and the majority of gene knock-ins accomplished by electroporation have been using short single stranded DNA (ssDNA) repair templates, typically less than 1 kb. The most promising approach to deliver larger donor repair templates of up to 4.9 kb along with genome editing reagents into zygotes, without using cytoplasmic injection, is to use recombinant adeno-associated viruses (rAAVs) in combination with electroporation. However, similar to other methods used to deliver clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeat (CRISPR) genome-editing reagents, this approach is also associated with high levels of mosaicism. Recent developments complementing germline ablated individuals with edited germline-competent cells offer an approach to avoid mosaicism in the germline of genome edited founder lines. Even with electroporation-mediated delivery of genome editing reagents to mammalian zygotes, there remain additional chokepoints in the genome editing pipeline that currently hinder the scalable production of non-mosaic genome edited livestock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason C Lin
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
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24
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Abstract
CRISPR /Cas9 is a powerful technology that has transformed gene editing of mammalian genomes, being faster and more cost-effective than standard gene targeting techniques. In this chapter, we provide a step-by-step protocol to obtain Knock-Out (KO ) or Knock-In (KI ) mouse models using CRISPR /Cas9 technology. Detailed instructions for the design of single guide RNAs (sgRNA ) for KO approaches and single-strand oligonucleotide (ssODN ) matrix for generation of KI animals are included. We also describe two independent CRISPR /Cas9 delivery methods to produce gene-edited animals starting from zygote-stage embryos, based either on cytoplasmic injection or electroporation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima El Marjou
- Cell Migration and Invasion Group, Department of Cell Biology, UMR144, Institut Curie, Paris, France.
| | - Colin Jouhanneau
- Institut Curie Plateforme d'Expérimentation In Vivo, Université Paris-Sud 11, Orsay, France
| | - Denis Krndija
- Cell Migration and Invasion Group, Department of Cell Biology, UMR144, Institut Curie, Paris, France
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25
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Mckay A, Burgio G. Harnessing CRISPR-Cas system diversity for gene editing technologies. J Biomed Res 2021; 35:91-106. [PMID: 33797415 PMCID: PMC8038530 DOI: 10.7555/jbr.35.20200184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The discovery and utilization of RNA-guided surveillance complexes, such as CRISPR-Cas9, for sequence-specific DNA or RNA cleavage, has revolutionised the process of gene modification or knockdown. To optimise the use of this technology, an exploratory race has ensued to discover or develop new RNA-guided endonucleases with the most flexible sequence targeting requirements, coupled with high cleavage efficacy and specificity. Here we review the constraints of existing gene editing and assess the merits of exploiting the diversity of CRISPR-Cas effectors as a methodology for surmounting these limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Mckay
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Gaetan Burgio
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
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Generation of mouse conditional knockout alleles in one step using the i-GONAD method. Genome Res 2020; 31:121-130. [PMID: 33328166 PMCID: PMC7849380 DOI: 10.1101/gr.265439.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The Cre/loxP system is a powerful tool for gene function study in vivo. Regulated expression of Cre recombinase mediates precise deletion of genetic elements in a spatially– and temporally–controlled manner. Despite the robustness of this system, it requires a great amount of effort to create a conditional knockout model for each individual gene of interest where two loxP sites must be simultaneously inserted in cis. The current undertaking involves labor-intensive embryonic stem (ES) cell–based gene targeting and tedious micromanipulations of mouse embryos. The complexity of this workflow poses formidable technical challenges, thus limiting wider applications of conditional genetics. Here, we report an alternative approach to generate mouse loxP alleles by integrating a unique design of CRISPR donor with the new oviduct electroporation technique i-GONAD. Showing the potential and simplicity of this method, we created floxed alleles for five genes in one attempt with relatively low costs and a minimal equipment setup. In addition to the conditional alleles, constitutive knockout alleles were also obtained as byproducts of these experiments. Therefore, the wider applications of i-GONAD may promote gene function studies using novel murine models.
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27
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Alghadban S, Bouchareb A, Hinch R, Hernandez-Pliego P, Biggs D, Preece C, Davies B. Electroporation and genetic supply of Cas9 increase the generation efficiency of CRISPR/Cas9 knock-in alleles in C57BL/6J mouse zygotes. Sci Rep 2020; 10:17912. [PMID: 33087834 PMCID: PMC7578782 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-74960-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
CRISPR/Cas9 machinery delivered as ribonucleoprotein (RNP) to the zygote has become a standard tool for the development of genetically modified mouse models. In recent years, a number of reports have demonstrated the effective delivery of CRISPR/Cas9 machinery via zygote electroporation as an alternative to the conventional delivery method of microinjection. In this study, we have performed side-by-side comparisons of the two RNP delivery methods across multiple gene loci and conclude that electroporation compares very favourably with conventional pronuclear microinjection, and report an improvement in mutagenesis efficiency when delivering CRISPR via electroporation for the generation of simple knock-in alleles using single-stranded oligodeoxynucleotide (ssODN) repair templates. In addition, we show that the efficiency of knock-in mutagenesis can be further increased by electroporation of embryos derived from Cas9-expressing donor females. The maternal supply of Cas9 to the zygote avoids the necessity to deliver the relatively large Cas9 protein, and high efficiency generation of both indel and knock-in allele can be achieved by electroporation of small single-guide RNAs and ssODN repair templates alone. Furthermore, electroporation, compared to microinjection, results in a higher rate of embryo survival and development. The method thus has the potential to reduce the number of animals used in the production of genetically modified mouse models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samy Alghadban
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Amine Bouchareb
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Robert Hinch
- Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LF, UK
| | | | - Daniel Biggs
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Chris Preece
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Benjamin Davies
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK.
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28
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Wake Y, Kaneko T. Production of genome-edited mice by visualization of nucleases introduced into the embryos using electroporation. J Reprod Dev 2020; 66:469-473. [PMID: 32713893 PMCID: PMC7593630 DOI: 10.1262/jrd.2020-068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome editing technology contributes to the quick and highly efficient production of genetically engineered animals. These animals are helpful in clarifying the mechanism of human disease. Recently, a new electroporation technique (TAKE: Technique for animal knockout system by electroporation) was developed to produce genome-edited animals by introducing nucleases into intact embryos using electroporation instead of the microinjection method. The aim of this study was to increase the efficiency of production of genome-edited animals using the TAKE method. In the conventional protocol, it was difficult to confirm the introduction of nucleases into embryos and energization during operation. Using only embryos that introduced nucleases for embryo transfer, it will lead to increased efficiency in the production of genome-edited animals. This study examined the visualization in the introduction of nucleases into the embryos by using nucleases fluorescent labeled with ATTO-550. The embryos were transfected with Cas9 protein and fluorescent labeled dual guide RNA (mixture with crRNA and tracrRNA with ATTO-550) targeted tyrosinase gene by the TAKE method. All embryos that survived after electroporation showed fluorescence. Of these embryos with fluorescence, 43.7% developed to morphologically normal offspring. In addition, 91.7% of offspring were edited by the tyrosinase gene. This study is the first to demonstrate that the introduction of nucleases into embryos by the TAKE method could be visualized using fluorescent-labeled nucleases. This improved TAKE method can be used to produce genome-edited animals and confirm energization during operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yui Wake
- Division of Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Arts and Science, Iwate University, Iwate 020-8551, Japan
| | - Takehito Kaneko
- Division of Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Arts and Science, Iwate University, Iwate 020-8551, Japan
- Department of Chemistry and Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Iwate University, Iwate 020-8551, Japan
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29
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Zhang C, Ren Z, Gong Z. Transgenic Expression and Genome Editing by Electroporation of Zebrafish Embryos. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2020; 22:644-650. [PMID: 32748174 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-020-09985-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Microinjection is predominantly used to produce genetically modified fish. However, there are certain difficulties involved in some fish species. In this study, we tested an alternative method to produce genetically modified zebrafish by delivering DNA and other materials into embryos by electroporation. We optimized the electroporation conditions of a square wave electroporation system that work efficiently for the introduction of plasmid DNA, recombinant Cas9 nuclease and synthetic dual guide RNAs. Transgenic expression was observed in a wide range of tissues, which is comparable with those obtained by microinjection. We further determined that efficient gene delivery can be achieved during the cleavage stage. This study describes detailed electroporation parameters for gene delivery with high efficiency and low toxicity, providing a novel method to generate transgenic lines and genome editing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changqing Zhang
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 14 Sciences Drive 4, Singapore, 117558, Singapore
| | - Ziheng Ren
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 14 Sciences Drive 4, Singapore, 117558, Singapore
| | - Zhiyuan Gong
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 14 Sciences Drive 4, Singapore, 117558, Singapore.
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Takeichi T, Hirabayashi T, Miyasaka Y, Kawamoto A, Okuno Y, Taguchi S, Tanahashi K, Murase C, Takama H, Tanaka K, Boeglin WE, Calcutt MW, Watanabe D, Kono M, Muro Y, Ishikawa J, Ohno T, Brash AR, Akiyama M. SDR9C7 catalyzes critical dehydrogenation of acylceramides for skin barrier formation. J Clin Invest 2020; 130:890-903. [PMID: 31671075 DOI: 10.1172/jci130675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The corneocyte lipid envelope, composed of covalently bound ceramides and fatty acids, is important to the integrity of the permeability barrier in the stratum corneum, and its absence is a prime structural defect in various skin diseases associated with defective skin barrier function. SDR9C7 encodes a short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase family 9C member 7 (SDR9C7) recently found mutated in ichthyosis. In a patient with SDR9C7 mutation and a mouse Sdr9c7-KO model, we show loss of covalent binding of epidermal ceramides to protein, a structural fault in the barrier. For reasons unresolved, protein binding requires lipoxygenase-catalyzed transformations of linoleic acid (18:2) esterified in ω-O-acylceramides. In Sdr9c7-/- epidermis, quantitative liquid chromatography-mass spectometry (LC-MS) assays revealed almost complete loss of a species of ω-O-acylceramide esterified with linoleate-9,10-trans-epoxy-11E-13-ketone; other acylceramides related to the lipoxygenase pathway were in higher abundance. Recombinant SDR9C7 catalyzed NAD+-dependent dehydrogenation of linoleate 9,10-trans-epoxy-11E-13-alcohol to the corresponding 13-ketone, while ichthyosis mutants were inactive. We propose, therefore, that the critical requirement for lipoxygenases and SDR9C7 is in producing acylceramide containing the 9,10-epoxy-11E-13-ketone, a reactive moiety known for its nonenzymatic coupling to protein. This suggests a mechanism for coupling of ceramide to protein and provides important insights into skin barrier formation and pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Takeichi
- Department of Dermatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Hirabayashi
- Laboratory of Biomembrane, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuki Miyasaka
- Division of Experimental Animals, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Akane Kawamoto
- Biological Science Research Laboratories, Kao Corporation, Haga, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Yusuke Okuno
- Medical Genomics Center, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shijima Taguchi
- Division of Dermatology, Mito Kyodo General Hospital, Mito, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kana Tanahashi
- Department of Dermatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Chiaki Murase
- Department of Dermatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Takama
- Department of Dermatology, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Kosei Tanaka
- Analytical Science Research Laboratories, Kao Corporation, Haga, Tochigi, Japan
| | | | - M Wade Calcutt
- Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Daisuke Watanabe
- Department of Dermatology, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Michihiro Kono
- Department of Dermatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yoshinao Muro
- Department of Dermatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Junko Ishikawa
- Biological Science Research Laboratories, Kao Corporation, Haga, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Tamio Ohno
- Division of Experimental Animals, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Alan R Brash
- Departments of Pharmacology and Biochemistry and
| | - Masashi Akiyama
- Department of Dermatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
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Camargo LSA, Owen JR, Van Eenennaam AL, Ross PJ. Efficient One-Step Knockout by Electroporation of Ribonucleoproteins Into Zona-Intact Bovine Embryos. Front Genet 2020; 11:570069. [PMID: 33133156 PMCID: PMC7504904 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.570069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Somatic cell nuclear transfer or cytoplasm microinjection have been used to generate genome-edited farm animals; however, these methods have several drawbacks that reduce their efficiency. This study aimed to develop electroporation conditions that allow delivery of CRISPR/Cas9 system to bovine zygotes for efficient gene knock-out. We optimized electroporation conditions to deliver Cas9:sgRNA ribonucleoproteins to bovine zygotes without compromising embryo development. Higher electroporation pulse voltage resulted in increased membrane permeability; however, voltages above 15 V/mm decreased embryo developmental potential. The zona pellucida of bovine embryos was not a barrier to efficient RNP electroporation. Using parameters optimized for maximal membrane permeability while maintaining developmental competence we achieved high rates of gene editing when targeting bovine OCT4, which resulted in absence of OCT4 protein in 100% of the evaluated embryos and the expected arrest of embryonic development at the morula stage. In conclusion, Cas9:sgRNA ribonucleoproteins can be delivered efficiently by electroporation to zona-intact bovine zygotes, resulting in efficient gene knockouts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joseph R Owen
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | | | - Pablo Juan Ross
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
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Miao D, Giassetti MI, Ciccarelli M, Lopez-Biladeau B, Oatley JM. Simplified pipelines for genetic engineering of mammalian embryos by CRISPR-Cas9 electroporation†. Biol Reprod 2020; 101:177-187. [PMID: 31095680 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioz075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Gene editing technologies, such as CRISPR-Cas9, have important applications in mammalian embryos for generating novel animal models in biomedical research and lines of livestock with enhanced production traits. However, the lack of methods for efficient introduction of gene editing reagents into zygotes of various species and the need for surgical embryo transfer in mice have been technical barriers of widespread use. Here, we described methodologies that overcome these limitations for embryos of mice, cattle, and pigs. Using mutation of the Nanos2 gene as a readout, we refined electroporation parameters with preassembled sgRNA-Cas9 RNPs for zygotes of all three species without the need for zona pellucida dissolution that led to high-efficiency INDEL edits. In addition, we optimized culture conditions to support maturation from zygote to the multicellular stage for all three species that generates embryos ready for transfer to produce gene-edited animals. Moreover, for mice, we devised a nonsurgical embryo transfer method that yields offspring at an efficiency comparable to conventional surgical approaches. Collectively, outcomes of these studies provide simplified pipelines for CRISPR-Cas9-based gene editing that are applicable in a variety of mammalian species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deqiang Miao
- Center for Reproductive Biology, School of Molecular Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Mariana Ianello Giassetti
- Center for Reproductive Biology, School of Molecular Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Michela Ciccarelli
- Center for Reproductive Biology, School of Molecular Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Blanca Lopez-Biladeau
- Center for Reproductive Biology, School of Molecular Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Jon M Oatley
- Center for Reproductive Biology, School of Molecular Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
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Schober K, Müller TR, Busch DH. Orthotopic T-Cell Receptor Replacement-An "Enabler" for TCR-Based Therapies. Cells 2020; 9:E1367. [PMID: 32492858 PMCID: PMC7348731 DOI: 10.3390/cells9061367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural adaptive immunity co-evolved with pathogens over millions of years, and adoptive transfer of non-engineered T cells to fight infections or cancer so far exhibits an exceptionally safe and functional therapeutic profile in clinical trials. However, the personalized nature of therapies using virus-specific T cells, donor lymphocyte infusion, or tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes makes implementation in routine clinical care difficult. In principle, genetic engineering can be used to make T-cell therapies more broadly applicable, but so far it significantly alters the physiology of cells. We recently demonstrated that orthotopic T-cell receptor (TCR) replacement (OTR) by clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/ CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9) can be used to generate engineered T cells with preservation of near-physiological function. In this review, we present the current status of OTR technology development and discuss its potential for TCR-based therapies. By providing the means to combine the therapeutic efficacy and safety profile of physiological T cells with the versatility of cell engineering, OTR can serve as an "enabler" for TCR-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kilian Schober
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technische Universität München (TUM), 81675 Munich, Germany;
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas R. Müller
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technische Universität München (TUM), 81675 Munich, Germany;
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Dirk H. Busch
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technische Universität München (TUM), 81675 Munich, Germany;
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
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Kobayashi Y, Aoshima T, Ito R, Shinmura R, Ohtsuka M, Akasaka E, Sato M, Takabayashi S. Modification of i-GONAD Suitable for Production of Genome-Edited C57BL/6 Inbred Mouse Strain. Cells 2020; 9:cells9040957. [PMID: 32295056 PMCID: PMC7226992 DOI: 10.3390/cells9040957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Improved genome editing via oviductal nucleic acid delivery (i-GONAD) is a novel method for producing genome-edited mice in the absence of ex vivo handling of zygotes. i-GONAD involves the intraoviductal injection of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) ribonucleoproteins via the oviductal wall of pregnant females at 0.7 days post-coitum, followed by in vivo electroporation (EP). Unlike outbred Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) and hybrid mouse strains, genome editing of the most widely used C57BL/6J (B6) strain with i-GONAD has been considered difficult but, recently, setting a constant current of 100 mA upon EP enabled successful i-GONAD in this strain. Unfortunately, the most widely used electroporators employ a constant voltage, and thus we explored conditions allowing the generation of a 100 mA current using two electroporators: NEPA21 (Nepa Gene Co., Ltd.) and GEB15 (BEX Co., Ltd.). When the current and resistance were set to 40 V and 350–400 Ω, respectively, the current was fixed to 100 mA. Another problem in using B6 mice for i-GONAD is the difficulty in obtaining pregnant B6 females consistently because estrous females often fail to be found. A single intraperitoneal injection of low-dose pregnant mare’s serum gonadotrophin (PMSG) led to synchronization of the estrous cycle of these mice. Consequently, approximately 51% of B6 females had plugs upon mating with males 2 days after PMSG administration, which contrasts with the case (≈26%) when B6 females were subjected to natural mating. i-GONAD performed on PMSG-treated pregnant B6 females under conditions of average resistance of 367 Ω and average voltage of 116 mA resulted in the production of pregnant females at a rate of 56% (5/9 mice), from which 23 fetuses were successfully delivered. Nine (39%) of these fetuses exhibited successful genome editing at the target locus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukari Kobayashi
- Laboratory Animal Facilities & Services, Preeminent Medical Photonics Education & Research Center, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan; (Y.K.); (T.A.); (R.I.); (R.S.)
| | - Takuya Aoshima
- Laboratory Animal Facilities & Services, Preeminent Medical Photonics Education & Research Center, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan; (Y.K.); (T.A.); (R.I.); (R.S.)
| | - Ryota Ito
- Laboratory Animal Facilities & Services, Preeminent Medical Photonics Education & Research Center, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan; (Y.K.); (T.A.); (R.I.); (R.S.)
| | - Ryota Shinmura
- Laboratory Animal Facilities & Services, Preeminent Medical Photonics Education & Research Center, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan; (Y.K.); (T.A.); (R.I.); (R.S.)
| | - Masato Ohtsuka
- Department of Molecular Life Science, Division of Basic Medical Science and Molecular Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa 259-1193, Japan;
- Center for Matrix Biology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokai University, Isehara, Kanagawa 259-1193, Japan
- The Institute of Medical Sciences, Tokai University, Isehara, Kanagawa 259-1193, Japan
| | - Eri Akasaka
- Section of Gene Expression Regulation, Frontier Science Research Center, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan;
| | - Masahiro Sato
- Section of Gene Expression Regulation, Frontier Science Research Center, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan;
- Correspondence: (M.S.); (S.T.); Tel.: +81-99-275-5246 (M.S.); +81-53-435-2001 (S.T.)
| | - Shuji Takabayashi
- Laboratory Animal Facilities & Services, Preeminent Medical Photonics Education & Research Center, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan; (Y.K.); (T.A.); (R.I.); (R.S.)
- Correspondence: (M.S.); (S.T.); Tel.: +81-99-275-5246 (M.S.); +81-53-435-2001 (S.T.)
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Sato M, Takabayashi S, Akasaka E, Nakamura S. Recent Advances and Future Perspectives of In Vivo Targeted Delivery of Genome-Editing Reagents to Germ Cells, Embryos, and Fetuses in Mice. Cells 2020; 9:cells9040799. [PMID: 32225003 PMCID: PMC7226049 DOI: 10.3390/cells9040799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The recently discovered clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-associated protein 9 (Cas9) systems that occur in nature as microbial adaptive immune systems are considered an important tool in assessing the function of genes of interest in various biological systems. Thus, development of efficient and simple methods to produce genome-edited (GE) animals would accelerate research in this field. The CRISPR/Cas9 system was initially employed in early embryos, utilizing classical gene delivery methods such as microinjection or electroporation, which required ex vivo handling of zygotes before transfer to recipients. Recently, novel in vivo methods such as genome editing via oviductal nucleic acid delivery (GONAD), improved GONAD (i-GONAD), or transplacental gene delivery for acquiring genome-edited fetuses (TPGD-GEF), which facilitate easy embryo manipulation, have been established. Studies utilizing these techniques employed pregnant female mice for direct introduction of the genome-editing components into the oviduct or were dependent on delivery via tail-vein injection. In mice, embryogenesis occurs within the oviducts and the uterus, which often hampers the genetic manipulation of embryos, especially those at early postimplantation stages (days 6 to 8), owing to a thick surrounding layer of tissue called decidua. In this review, we have surveyed the recent achievements in the production of GE mice and have outlined the advantages and disadvantages of the process. We have also referred to the past achievements in gene delivery to early postimplantation stage embryos and germ cells such as primordial germ cells and spermatogonial stem cells, which will benefit relevant research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Sato
- Section of Gene Expression Regulation, Frontier Science Research Center, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-99-275-5246
| | - Shuji Takabayashi
- Laboratory Animal Facilities & Services, Preeminent Medical Photonics Education & Research Center, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan;
| | - Eri Akasaka
- Section of Gene Expression Regulation, Frontier Science Research Center, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan;
| | - Shingo Nakamura
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, National Defense Medical College Research Institute, Saitama 359-8513, Japan;
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Sequential i-GONAD: An Improved In Vivo Technique for CRISPR/Cas9-Based Genetic Manipulations in Mice. Cells 2020; 9:cells9030546. [PMID: 32110989 PMCID: PMC7140409 DOI: 10.3390/cells9030546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Improved genome-editing via oviductal nucleic acid delivery (i-GONAD) is a technique capable of inducing genomic changes in preimplantation embryos (zygotes) present within the oviduct of a pregnant female. i-GONAD involves intraoviductal injection of a solution containing genome-editing components via a glass micropipette under a dissecting microscope, followed by in vivo electroporation using tweezer-type electrodes. i-GONAD does not involve ex vivo handling of embryos (isolation of zygotes, microinjection or electroporation of zygotes, and egg transfer of the treated embryos to the oviducts of a recipient female), which is required for in vitro genome-editing of zygotes. i-GONAD enables the generation of indels, knock-in (KI) of ~ 1 kb sequence of interest, and large deletion at a target locus. i-GONAD is usually performed on Day 0.7 of pregnancy, which corresponds to the late zygote stage. During the initial development of this technique, we performed i-GONAD on Days 1.4–1.5 (corresponding to the 2-cell stage). Theoretically, this means that at least two GONAD steps (on Day 0.7 and Day 1.4–1.5) must be performed. If this is practically demonstrated, it provides additional options for various clustered regularly interspaced palindrome repeats (CRISPR)/Caspase 9 (Cas9)-based genetic manipulations. For example, it is usually difficult to induce two independent indels at the target sites, which are located very close to each other, by simultaneous transfection of two guide RNAs and Cas9 protein. However, the sequential induction of indels at a target site may be possible when repeated i-GONAD is performed on different days. Furthermore, simultaneous introduction of two mutated lox sites (to which Cre recombinase bind) for making a floxed allele is reported to be difficult, as it often causes deletion of a sequence between the two gRNA target sites. However, differential KI of lox sites may be possible when repeated i-GONAD is performed on different days. In this study, we performed proof-of-principle experiments to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed approach called “sequential i-GONAD (si-GONAD).”
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Yamashita S, Kogasaka Y, Hiradate Y, Tanemura K, Sendai Y. Suppression of mosaic mutation by co-delivery of CRISPR associated protein 9 and three-prime repair exonuclease 2 into porcine zygotes via electroporation. J Reprod Dev 2020; 66:41-48. [PMID: 31761839 PMCID: PMC7040215 DOI: 10.1262/jrd.2019-088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene-modified animals, including pigs, can be generated efficiently by introducing CRISPR associated protein 9 (CRISPR/Cas9) into zygotes. However, in many cases, these zygotes tend to become mosaic mutants with various different mutant cell types, making it difficult to analyze the phenotype of gene-modified founder animals. To reduce the mosaic mutations, we introduced three-prime repair exonuclease 2 (Trex2), an exonuclease that improves gene editing efficiency, into porcine zygotes along with CRISPR/Cas9 via electroporation. Although the rate of porcine blastocyst formation decreased due to electroporation (25.9 ± 4.6% vs. 41.2 ± 2.0%), co-delivery of murine Trex2 (mTrex2) mRNA with CRISPR/Cas9 did not affect it any further (25.9 ± 4.6% vs. 31.0 ± 4.6%). In addition, there was no significant difference in the diameter of blastocysts carrying CRISPR/Cas9 (164.7 ± 10.2 μm), and those with CRISPR/Cas9 + mTrex2 (151.9 ± 5.1 μm) as compared to those from the control group (178.9 ± 9.0 μm). These results revealed that mTrex2 did not affect the development of pre-implantation embryo. We also found bi-allelic, as well as mono-allelic, non-mosaic homozygous mutations in the blastocysts. Most importantly, co-delivery of mTrex2 mRNA with CRISPR/Cas9 increased non-mosaic mutant blastocysts (29.3 ± 4.5%) and reduced mosaic mutant blastocysts (70.7 ± 4.5%) as compared to CRISPR/Cas9 alone (5.6 ± 6.4% and 92.6 ± 8.6%, respectively). These data suggest that the co-delivery of CRISPR/Cas9 and mTrex2 is a useful method to suppress mosaic mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiro Yamashita
- Biological Sciences Section, Central Research Institute for Feed and Livestock of Zen-noh, Ibaraki 300-4204, Japan
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Development, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Miyagi 980-8572, Japan
| | - Yuhei Kogasaka
- Biological Sciences Section, Central Research Institute for Feed and Livestock of Zen-noh, Ibaraki 300-4204, Japan
| | - Yuuki Hiradate
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Development, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Miyagi 980-8572, Japan
| | - Kentaro Tanemura
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Development, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Miyagi 980-8572, Japan
| | - Yutaka Sendai
- Biological Sciences Section, Central Research Institute for Feed and Livestock of Zen-noh, Ibaraki 300-4204, Japan
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Abstract
Electroporation is a basic yet powerful method for delivering small molecules (RNA, DNA, drugs) across cell membranes by application of an electrical field. It is used for many diverse applications, from genetically engineering cells to drug- and DNA-based vaccine delivery. Despite this broad utility, the high cost of electroporators can keep this approach out of reach for many budget-conscious laboratories. To address this need, we develop a simple, inexpensive, and handheld electroporator inspired by and derived from a common household piezoelectric stove lighter. The proposed "ElectroPen" device can cost as little as 23 cents (US dollars) to manufacture, is portable (weighs 13 g and requires no electricity), can be easily fabricated using 3D printing, and delivers repeatable exponentially decaying pulses of about 2,000 V in 5 ms. We provide a proof-of-concept demonstration by genetically transforming plasmids into Escherichia coli cells, showing transformation efficiency comparable to commercial devices, but at a fraction of the cost. We also demonstrate the potential for rapid dissemination of this approach, with multiple research groups across the globe validating the ease of construction and functionality of our device, supporting the potential for democratization of science through frugal tools. Thus, the simplicity, accessibility, and affordability of our device holds potential for making modern synthetic biology accessible in high school, community, and resource-poor laboratories. This Community Page article describes an ultra-low–cost (23-cent) 3D-printed electroporator, inspired by a common barbecue lighter, designed to enable broader access to synthetic biology in high-school, community, and budget-conscious laboratories.
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Dumeau CE, Monfort A, Kissling L, Swarts DC, Jinek M, Wutz A. Introducing gene deletions by mouse zygote electroporation of Cas12a/Cpf1. Transgenic Res 2019; 28:525-535. [PMID: 31482512 PMCID: PMC6848045 DOI: 10.1007/s11248-019-00168-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
CRISPR-associated (Cas) nucleases are established tools for engineering of animal genomes. These programmable RNA-guided nucleases have been introduced into zygotes using expression vectors, mRNA, or directly as ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complexes by different delivery methods. Whereas microinjection techniques are well established, more recently developed electroporation methods simplify RNP delivery but can provide less consistent efficiency. Previously, we have designed Cas12a-crRNA pairs to introduce large genomic deletions in the Ubn1, Ubn2, and Rbm12 genes in mouse embryonic stem cells (ESC). Here, we have optimized the conditions for electroporation of the same Cas12a RNP pairs into mouse zygotes. Using our protocol, large genomic deletions can be generated efficiently by electroporation of zygotes with or without an intact zona pellucida. Electroporation of as few as ten zygotes is sufficient to obtain a gene deletion in mice suggesting potential applicability of this method for species with limited availability of zygotes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles-Etienne Dumeau
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Asun Monfort
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lucas Kissling
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Daan C Swarts
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Agrotechnology and Food Sciences, Wageningen University, 6708 WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Martin Jinek
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Anton Wutz
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich, Switzerland.
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Pagnamenta AT, Heemeryck P, Martin HC, Bosc C, Peris L, Uszynski I, Gory-Fauré S, Couly S, Deshpande C, Siddiqui A, Elmonairy AA, Jayawant S, Murthy S, Walker I, Loong L, Bauer P, Vossier F, Denarier E, Maurice T, Barbier EL, Deloulme JC, Taylor JC, Blair EM, Andrieux A, Moutin MJ. Defective tubulin detyrosination causes structural brain abnormalities with cognitive deficiency in humans and mice. Hum Mol Genet 2019; 28:3391-3405. [PMID: 31363758 PMCID: PMC6891070 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddz186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Reversible detyrosination of tubulin, the building block of microtubules, is crucial for neuronal physiology. Enzymes responsible for detyrosination were recently identified as complexes of vasohibins (VASHs) one or two with small VASH-binding protein (SVBP). Here we report three consanguineous families, each containing multiple individuals with biallelic inactivation of SVBP caused by truncating variants (p.Q28* and p.K13Nfs*18). Affected individuals show brain abnormalities with microcephaly, intellectual disability and delayed gross motor and speech development. Immunoblot testing in cells with pathogenic SVBP variants demonstrated that the encoded proteins were unstable and non-functional, resulting in a complete loss of VASH detyrosination activity. Svbp knockout mice exhibit drastic accumulation of tyrosinated tubulin and a reduction of detyrosinated tubulin in brain tissue. Similar alterations in tubulin tyrosination levels were observed in cultured neurons and associated with defects in axonal differentiation and architecture. Morphological analysis of the Svbp knockout mouse brains by anatomical magnetic resonance imaging showed a broad impact of SVBP loss, with a 7% brain volume decrease, numerous structural defects and a 30% reduction of some white matter tracts. Svbp knockout mice display behavioural defects, including mild hyperactivity, lower anxiety and impaired social behaviour. They do not, however, show prominent memory defects. Thus, SVBP-deficient mice recapitulate several features observed in human patients. Altogether, our data demonstrate that deleterious variants in SVBP cause this neurodevelopmental pathology, by leading to a major change in brain tubulin tyrosination and alteration of microtubule dynamics and neuron physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alistair T Pagnamenta
- NIHR Oxford BRC, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Pierre Heemeryck
- Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, U1216, CEA, CNRS, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Hilary C Martin
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | - Christophe Bosc
- Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, U1216, CEA, CNRS, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Leticia Peris
- Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, U1216, CEA, CNRS, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Ivy Uszynski
- Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, U1216, CEA, CNRS, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Sylvie Gory-Fauré
- Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, U1216, CEA, CNRS, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Simon Couly
- MMDN, Université de Montpellier, INSERM, EPHE, UMR_S1198, Montpellier, France
| | - Charu Deshpande
- South East Thames Regional Genetics Unit, Guys and St Thomas NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Ata Siddiqui
- Department of Neuroradiology, Kings College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London SE5 9RS, UK
| | - Alaa A Elmonairy
- Ministry of Health, Kuwait Medical Genetics Center, Sulaibikhat 80901, Kuwait
| | | | | | - Sandeep Jayawant
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Ian Walker
- Clinical Biochemistry, Wexham Park Hospital, Slough, UK
| | - Lucy Loong
- Oxford Centre for Genomic Medicine, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Frédérique Vossier
- Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, U1216, CEA, CNRS, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Eric Denarier
- Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, U1216, CEA, CNRS, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Tangui Maurice
- MMDN, Université de Montpellier, INSERM, EPHE, UMR_S1198, Montpellier, France
| | - Emmanuel L Barbier
- Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, U1216, CEA, CNRS, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Jean-Christophe Deloulme
- Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, U1216, CEA, CNRS, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Jenny C Taylor
- NIHR Oxford BRC, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Edward M Blair
- Oxford Centre for Genomic Medicine, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Annie Andrieux
- Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, U1216, CEA, CNRS, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Marie-Jo Moutin
- Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, U1216, CEA, CNRS, 38000 Grenoble, France
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Gurumurthy CB, O'Brien AR, Quadros RM, Adams J, Alcaide P, Ayabe S, Ballard J, Batra SK, Beauchamp MC, Becker KA, Bernas G, Brough D, Carrillo-Salinas F, Chan W, Chen H, Dawson R, DeMambro V, D'Hont J, Dibb KM, Eudy JD, Gan L, Gao J, Gonzales A, Guntur AR, Guo H, Harms DW, Harrington A, Hentges KE, Humphreys N, Imai S, Ishii H, Iwama M, Jonasch E, Karolak M, Keavney B, Khin NC, Konno M, Kotani Y, Kunihiro Y, Lakshmanan I, Larochelle C, Lawrence CB, Li L, Lindner V, Liu XD, Lopez-Castejon G, Loudon A, Lowe J, Jerome-Majewska LA, Matsusaka T, Miura H, Miyasaka Y, Morpurgo B, Motyl K, Nabeshima YI, Nakade K, Nakashiba T, Nakashima K, Obata Y, Ogiwara S, Ouellet M, Oxburgh L, Piltz S, Pinz I, Ponnusamy MP, Ray D, Redder RJ, Rosen CJ, Ross N, Ruhe MT, Ryzhova L, Salvador AM, Alam SS, Sedlacek R, Sharma K, Smith C, Staes K, Starrs L, Sugiyama F, Takahashi S, Tanaka T, Trafford AW, Uno Y, Vanhoutte L, Vanrockeghem F, Willis BJ, Wright CS, Yamauchi Y, Yi X, Yoshimi K, Zhang X, Zhang Y, Ohtsuka M, Das S, Garry DJ, Hochepied T, Thomas P, Parker-Thornburg J, Adamson AD, Yoshiki A, Schmouth JF, Golovko A, Thompson WR, Lloyd KCK, Wood JA, Cowan M, Mashimo T, Mizuno S, Zhu H, Kasparek P, Liaw L, Miano JM, Burgio G. Reproducibility of CRISPR-Cas9 methods for generation of conditional mouse alleles: a multi-center evaluation. Genome Biol 2019; 20:171. [PMID: 31446895 PMCID: PMC6709553 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-019-1776-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND CRISPR-Cas9 gene-editing technology has facilitated the generation of knockout mice, providing an alternative to cumbersome and time-consuming traditional embryonic stem cell-based methods. An earlier study reported up to 16% efficiency in generating conditional knockout (cKO or floxed) alleles by microinjection of 2 single guide RNAs (sgRNA) and 2 single-stranded oligonucleotides as donors (referred herein as "two-donor floxing" method). RESULTS We re-evaluate the two-donor method from a consortium of 20 laboratories across the world. The dataset constitutes 56 genetic loci, 17,887 zygotes, and 1718 live-born mice, of which only 15 (0.87%) mice contain cKO alleles. We subject the dataset to statistical analyses and a machine learning algorithm, which reveals that none of the factors analyzed was predictive for the success of this method. We test some of the newer methods that use one-donor DNA on 18 loci for which the two-donor approach failed to produce cKO alleles. We find that the one-donor methods are 10- to 20-fold more efficient than the two-donor approach. CONCLUSION We propose that the two-donor method lacks efficiency because it relies on two simultaneous recombination events in cis, an outcome that is dwarfed by pervasive accompanying undesired editing events. The methods that use one-donor DNA are fairly efficient as they rely on only one recombination event, and the probability of correct insertion of the donor cassette without unanticipated mutational events is much higher. Therefore, one-donor methods offer higher efficiencies for the routine generation of cKO animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Channabasavaiah B Gurumurthy
- Mouse Genome Engineering Core Facility, Vice Chancellor for Research Office, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
| | - Aidan R O'Brien
- Transformational Bioinformatics, Health and Biosecurity Business Unit, CSIRO, North Ryde, Australia
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, the Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Rolen M Quadros
- Mouse Genome Engineering Core Facility, Vice Chancellor for Research Office, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - John Adams
- Texas A&M Institute for Genomic Medicine (TIGM), Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Pilar Alcaide
- Department of Immunology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, USA
| | - Shinya Ayabe
- RIKEN BioResource Research Center, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0074, Japan
| | - Johnathan Ballard
- Texas A&M Institute for Genomic Medicine (TIGM), Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Surinder K Batra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Marie-Claude Beauchamp
- Departments of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Human Genetics and Pediatrics, Research Institute McGill University Health Center (RI-MUHC), Montreal, Canada
| | - Kathleen A Becker
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute (MMCRI), Scarborough, ME, USA
| | - Guillaume Bernas
- Transgenesis and Animal Modeling Core Facility, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montreal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Canada
| | - David Brough
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, AV Hill Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | | | - Wesley Chan
- Departments of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Human Genetics and Pediatrics, Research Institute McGill University Health Center (RI-MUHC), Montreal, Canada
| | - Hanying Chen
- School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Ruby Dawson
- South Australian Health & Medical Research Institute and Department of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Victoria DeMambro
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute (MMCRI), Scarborough, ME, USA
| | - Jinke D'Hont
- Transgenic Mouse Core Facility, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Katharine M Dibb
- Unit of Cardiac Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Science Center, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - James D Eudy
- High-Throughput DNA Sequencing and Genotyping Core Facility, Vice Chancellor for Research Office, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, USA
| | - Lin Gan
- University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Jing Gao
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, the Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Amy Gonzales
- Texas A&M Institute for Genomic Medicine (TIGM), Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Anyonya R Guntur
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute (MMCRI), Scarborough, ME, USA
| | - Huiping Guo
- Texas A&M Institute for Genomic Medicine (TIGM), Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Donald W Harms
- Mouse Genome Engineering Core Facility, Vice Chancellor for Research Office, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Anne Harrington
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute (MMCRI), Scarborough, ME, USA
| | - Kathryn E Hentges
- Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Neil Humphreys
- Transgenic Unit Core Facility, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Shiho Imai
- Department of Basic Medicine, Division of Basic Medical Science and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Tokai University, 143, Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa, 259-1193, Japan
| | - Hideshi Ishii
- Department of Medical Data Science, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Mizuho Iwama
- RIKEN BioResource Research Center, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0074, Japan
| | - Eric Jonasch
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Michelle Karolak
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute (MMCRI), Scarborough, ME, USA
| | - Bernard Keavney
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester and Manchester Heart Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Nay-Chi Khin
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, the Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Masamitsu Konno
- Department of Frontier Science for Cancer and Chemotherapy, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Yuko Kotani
- The Institute of Experimental Animal Sciences, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Yayoi Kunihiro
- The Institute of Experimental Animal Sciences, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Imayavaramban Lakshmanan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Catherine Larochelle
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montreal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Canada
| | - Catherine B Lawrence
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, AV Hill Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Lin Li
- Children's Research Institute Mouse Genome Engineering Core, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Volkhard Lindner
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute (MMCRI), Scarborough, ME, USA
| | - Xian-De Liu
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Gloria Lopez-Castejon
- Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research (MCCIR), School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Andrew Loudon
- Centre for Biological Timing, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Jenna Lowe
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, the Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Loydie A Jerome-Majewska
- Departments of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Human Genetics and Pediatrics, Research Institute McGill University Health Center (RI-MUHC), Montreal, Canada
| | - Taiji Matsusaka
- Department of Basic Medicine, Division of Basic Medical Science and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Tokai University, 143, Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa, 259-1193, Japan
| | - Hiromi Miura
- Center for Matrix Biology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokai University, Isehara, Kanagawa, 259-1193, Japan
- Department of Molecular Life Science, Division of Basic Medical Science and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Tokai University, 143, Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa, 259-1193, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Miyasaka
- The Institute of Experimental Animal Sciences, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Benjamin Morpurgo
- Texas A&M Institute for Genomic Medicine (TIGM), Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Katherine Motyl
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute (MMCRI), Scarborough, ME, USA
| | - Yo-Ichi Nabeshima
- Laboratory of Molecular Life Science, Foundation for Biomedical Research and Innovation, Kobe, Japan
| | - Koji Nakade
- RIKEN BioResource Research Center, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0074, Japan
| | | | - Kenichi Nakashima
- RIKEN BioResource Research Center, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0074, Japan
| | - Yuichi Obata
- RIKEN BioResource Research Center, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0074, Japan
| | - Sanae Ogiwara
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, Support Center for Medical Research and Education, Tokai University, 143, Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa, 259-1193, Japan
| | - Mariette Ouellet
- Transgenesis and Animal Modeling Core Facility, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montreal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Canada
| | - Leif Oxburgh
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute (MMCRI), Scarborough, ME, USA
- Basic and Clinical Research, The Rogosin Institute, New York, USA
| | - Sandra Piltz
- South Australian Health & Medical Research Institute and Department of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Ilka Pinz
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute (MMCRI), Scarborough, ME, USA
| | - Moorthy P Ponnusamy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - David Ray
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX37LE, UK
| | - Ronald J Redder
- High-Throughput DNA Sequencing and Genotyping Core Facility, Vice Chancellor for Research Office, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, USA
| | - Clifford J Rosen
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute (MMCRI), Scarborough, ME, USA
| | - Nikki Ross
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, the Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Mark T Ruhe
- Mouse Biology Program, University of California, Davis, USA
| | - Larisa Ryzhova
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute (MMCRI), Scarborough, ME, USA
| | - Ane M Salvador
- Department of Immunology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, USA
| | - Sabrina Shameen Alam
- Departments of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Human Genetics and Pediatrics, Research Institute McGill University Health Center (RI-MUHC), Montreal, Canada
| | - Radislav Sedlacek
- Laboratory of Transgenic Models of Diseases and Czech Centre for Phenogenomics, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Karan Sharma
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Marian University, Indianapolis, IN, 46222, USA
| | - Chad Smith
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Katrien Staes
- Transgenic Mouse Core Facility, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lora Starrs
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, the Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Fumihiro Sugiyama
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Satoru Takahashi
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Tanaka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Andrew W Trafford
- Unit of Cardiac Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Science Center, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Yoshihiro Uno
- The Institute of Experimental Animal Sciences, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Leen Vanhoutte
- Transgenic Mouse Core Facility, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Frederique Vanrockeghem
- Transgenic Mouse Core Facility, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Christian S Wright
- School of Health and Human Sciences, Department of Physical Therapy, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Yuko Yamauchi
- The Institute of Experimental Animal Sciences, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Xin Yi
- School of Health and Human Sciences, Department of Physical Therapy, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Kazuto Yoshimi
- The Institute of Experimental Animal Sciences, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Xuesong Zhang
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yu Zhang
- Children's Research Institute Mouse Genome Engineering Core, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Masato Ohtsuka
- Center for Matrix Biology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokai University, Isehara, Kanagawa, 259-1193, Japan
- Department of Molecular Life Science, Division of Basic Medical Science and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Tokai University, 143, Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa, 259-1193, Japan
| | - Satyabrata Das
- Lillehei Heart Institute Regenerative Medicine and Sciences Program, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Daniel J Garry
- Paul and Sheila Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, USA
| | - Tino Hochepied
- Transgenic Mouse Core Facility, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Paul Thomas
- South Australian Health & Medical Research Institute and Department of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | | | - Antony D Adamson
- Transgenic Unit Core Facility, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Atsushi Yoshiki
- RIKEN BioResource Research Center, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0074, Japan
| | - Jean-Francois Schmouth
- Transgenesis and Animal Modeling Core Facility, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montreal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Canada
| | - Andrei Golovko
- Texas A&M Institute for Genomic Medicine (TIGM), Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - William R Thompson
- School of Health and Human Sciences, Department of Physical Therapy, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - K C Kent Lloyd
- Mouse Biology Program, University of California, Davis, USA
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, USA
| | - Joshua A Wood
- Mouse Biology Program, University of California, Davis, USA
| | - Mitra Cowan
- McGill Integrated Core for Animal Modeling (MICAM), Montreal, Canada
| | - Tomoji Mashimo
- The Institute of Experimental Animal Sciences, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Seiya Mizuno
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Hao Zhu
- Children's Research Institute Mouse Genome Engineering Core, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Petr Kasparek
- Laboratory of Transgenic Models of Diseases and Czech Centre for Phenogenomics, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lucy Liaw
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute (MMCRI), Scarborough, ME, USA
| | - Joseph M Miano
- University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Gaetan Burgio
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, the Australian National University, Canberra, Australia.
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42
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Gurumurthy CB, Sato M, Nakamura A, Inui M, Kawano N, Islam MA, Ogiwara S, Takabayashi S, Matsuyama M, Nakagawa S, Miura H, Ohtsuka M. Creation of CRISPR-based germline-genome-engineered mice without ex vivo handling of zygotes by i-GONAD. Nat Protoc 2019; 14:2452-2482. [PMID: 31341289 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-019-0187-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Methods to create genetically engineered mice involve three major steps: harvesting embryos from one set of females, microinjection of reagents into embryos ex vivo and their surgical transfer to another set of females. Although tedious, these methods have been used for more than three decades to create mouse models. We recently developed a method named GONAD (genome editing via oviductal nucleic acids delivery), which bypasses these steps. GONAD involves injection of CRISPR components (Cas9 mRNA and guide RNA (gRNA)) into the oviducts of pregnant females 1.5 d post conception, followed by in vivo electroporation to deliver the components into the zygotes in situ. Using GONAD, we demonstrated that target genes can be disrupted and analyzed at different stages of mouse embryonic development. Subsequently, we developed improved GONAD (i-GONAD) by delivering CRISPR ribonucleoproteins (RNPs; Cas9 protein or Cpf1 protein and gRNA) into day-0.7 pregnant mice, which made it suitable for routine generation of knockout and large-deletion mouse models. i-GONAD can also generate knock-in models containing up to 1-kb inserts when single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) repair templates are supplied. i-GONAD offers other advantages: it does not require vasectomized males and pseudo-pregnant females, the females used for i-GONAD are not sacrificed and can be used for other experiments, it can be easily adopted in laboratories lacking sophisticated microinjection equipment, and can be implemented by researchers skilled in small-animal surgery but lacking embryo-handling skills. Here, we provide a step-by-step protocol for establishing the i-GONAD method. The protocol takes ∼6 weeks to generate the founder mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Channabasavaiah B Gurumurthy
- Mouse Genome Engineering Core Facility, Vice Chancellor for Research Office, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
| | - Masahiro Sato
- Section of Gene Expression Regulation, Frontier Science Research Center, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Ayaka Nakamura
- Support Center for Medical Research and Education, Tokai University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Masafumi Inui
- Laboratory of Animal Regeneration Systemology, Department of Life Science, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kanagawa, Japan
- Meiji University International Institute for Bio-Resource Research, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Natsuko Kawano
- Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Department of Life Science, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Md Atiqul Islam
- Division of Basic Medical Science and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Tokai University, Kanagawa, Japan
- Laboratory of Laboratory Animal Science and Medicine, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Sanae Ogiwara
- Support Center for Medical Research and Education, Tokai University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Shuji Takabayashi
- Laboratory for Animal Resources Development, Hamamatsu University School Of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Makoto Matsuyama
- Division of Molecular Genetics, Shigei Medical Research Institute, Minami-ku, Okayama, Japan
| | - Shinichi Nakagawa
- RNA Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Hiromi Miura
- Division of Basic Medical Science and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Tokai University, Kanagawa, Japan
- Center for Matrix Biology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokai University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Masato Ohtsuka
- Division of Basic Medical Science and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Tokai University, Kanagawa, Japan.
- Center for Matrix Biology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokai University, Kanagawa, Japan.
- The Institute of Medical Sciences, Tokai University, Kanagawa, Japan.
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Abstract
The emergence of the CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing system has brought much hope and excitement to the field of gene therapy and the larger scientific community. However, in order for CRISPR-based therapies to be translated to the clinical setting, there is an urgent need to develop optimized vectors for their delivery. The delivery vector is a crucial determinant of the therapeutic efficacy of gene editing and should be designed to accommodate various factors including the form of the payload, the physiological environment, and the potential immune responses. Recently, biomaterials have become an attractive option for the delivery of Cas9 due to their tunability, biocompatibility and increasing efficacy at drug delivery. Biomaterials offer a unique solution for creating tailored vectors to meet the demands of various applications that cannot be easily met by other delivery methods. In this review, we will discuss the various biomaterial systems that have been used to deliver Cas9 in its plasmid, mRNA and protein forms. In addition, the functions of these materials will be reviewed to understand their roles in Cas9 delivery. Finally, the immune challenges associated with Cas9 and the delivery materials will be discussed as an understanding of the immune responses along with the functions of biomaterials will ultimately guide the field in designing new delivery systems for the clinical applications of CRISPR-Cas9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joon Eoh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA.
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44
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Ohtsuka M, Sato M. i-GONAD: A method for generating genome-edited animals without ex vivo handling of embryos. Dev Growth Differ 2019; 61:306-315. [PMID: 31198998 DOI: 10.1111/dgd.12620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The recent development of genome editing technologies has enabled the creation of genome-edited animals, with alterations at the desired target locus. The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) system is widely used for this purpose because it is simpler and more efficient than other genome editing technologies. The conventional methods for creation of genome-edited animals involve ex vivo handling of embryos (zygotes) for microinjection or in vitro electroporation. However, this process is laborious and time-consuming, and relatively large numbers of animals are used. Furthermore, these methods require specialized skills for handling embryos. In 2015, we reported a novel method for the creation of genome-edited animals without ex vivo handling of embryos. The technology known as Genome-editing via Oviductal Nucleic Acids Delivery (GONAD) involved intraoviductal instillation of genome editing components into a pregnant female and subsequent in vivo electroporation of an entire oviduct. The genome editing components present in the oviductal lumen are transferred to preimplantation embryos in situ for introducing insertion or deletion (indel) mutations at the desired loci. This technology was further improved by optimizing several parameters to develop improved GONAD (i-GONAD) for the efficient generation of mutant or knock-in animals. In this review, we discuss the historical background, potential applications, advantages, and future challenges of GONAD/i-GONAD technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masato Ohtsuka
- Division of Basic Medical Science and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Tokai University, Kanagawa, Japan.,Center for Matrix Biology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokai University, Kanagawa, Japan.,The Institute of Medical Sciences, Tokai University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Masahiro Sato
- Section of Gene Expression Regulation, Frontier Science Research Center, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
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45
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Campbell LA, Richie CT, Maggirwar NS, Harvey BK. Cas9 Ribonucleoprotein Complex Delivery: Methods and Applications for Neuroinflammation. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2019; 14:565-577. [PMID: 31172397 DOI: 10.1007/s11481-019-09856-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The CRISPR/Cas9 system is a revolutionary gene editing technology that combines simplicity of use and efficiency of mutagenesis. As this technology progresses toward human therapies, valid concerns including off-target mutations and immunogenicity must be addressed. One approach to address these issues is to minimize the presence of the CRISPR/Cas9 components by maintaining a tighter temporal control of Cas9 endonuclease and reducing the time period of activity. This has been achieved to some degree by delivering the CRISPR/Cas9 system via pre-formed Cas9 + gRNA ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complexes. In this review, we first discuss the molecular modifications that can be made using CRISPR/Cas9 and provide an overview of current methods for delivering Cas9 RNP complexes both in vitro and in vivo. We conclude with examples of how Cas9 RNP delivery may be used to target neuroinflammatory processes, namely in regard to viral infections of the central nervous system and neurodegenerative diseases. We propose that Cas9 RNP delivery is a viable approach when considering the CRISPR/Cas9 system for both experimentation and the treatment of disease. Graphical Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee A Campbell
- Intramural Research Program, Biomedical Research Center, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Suite 200, 251 Bayview Blvd, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA.
| | - Christopher T Richie
- Intramural Research Program, Biomedical Research Center, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Suite 200, 251 Bayview Blvd, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Nishad S Maggirwar
- Intramural Research Program, Biomedical Research Center, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Suite 200, 251 Bayview Blvd, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Brandon K Harvey
- Intramural Research Program, Biomedical Research Center, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Suite 200, 251 Bayview Blvd, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA.
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46
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Miano JM, Long X, Lyu Q. CRISPR links to long noncoding RNA function in mice: A practical approach. Vascul Pharmacol 2019; 114:1-12. [PMID: 30822570 PMCID: PMC6435418 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2019.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Next generation sequencing has uncovered a trove of short noncoding RNAs (e.g., microRNAs) and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) that act as molecular rheostats in the control of diverse homeostatic processes. Meanwhile, the tsunamic emergence of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) editing has transformed our influence over all DNA-carrying entities, heralding global CRISPRization. This is evident in biomedical research where the ease and low-cost of CRISPR editing has made it the preferred method of manipulating the mouse genome, facilitating rapid discovery of genome function in an in vivo context. Here, CRISPR genome editing components are updated for elucidating lncRNA function in mice. Various strategies are highlighted for understanding the function of lncRNAs residing in intergenic sequence space, as host genes that harbor microRNAs or other genes, and as natural antisense, overlapping or intronic genes. Also discussed is CRISPR editing of mice carrying human lncRNAs as well as the editing of competing endogenous RNAs. The information described herein should assist labs in the rigorous design of experiments that interrogate lncRNA function in mice where complex disease processes can be modeled thus accelerating translational discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph M Miano
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, United States of America.
| | - Xiaochun Long
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, United States of America
| | - Qing Lyu
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, United States of America
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Ittiprasert W, Mann VH, Karinshak SE, Coghlan A, Rinaldi G, Sankaranarayanan G, Chaidee A, Tanno T, Kumkhaek C, Prangtaworn P, Mentink-Kane MM, Cochran CJ, Driguez P, Holroyd N, Tracey A, Rodpai R, Everts B, Hokke CH, Hoffmann KF, Berriman M, Brindley PJ. Programmed genome editing of the omega-1 ribonuclease of the blood fluke, Schistosoma mansoni. eLife 2019; 8:41337. [PMID: 30644357 PMCID: PMC6355194 DOI: 10.7554/elife.41337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
CRISPR/Cas9-based genome editing has yet to be reported in species of the Platyhelminthes. We tested this approach by targeting omega-1 (ω1) of Schistosoma mansoni as proof of principle. This secreted ribonuclease is crucial for Th2 polarization and granuloma formation. Schistosome eggs were exposed to Cas9 complexed with guide RNA complementary to ω1 by electroporation or by transduction with lentiviral particles. Some eggs were also transfected with a single stranded donor template. Sequences of amplicons from gene-edited parasites exhibited Cas9-catalyzed mutations including homology directed repaired alleles, and other analyses revealed depletion of ω1 transcripts and the ribonuclease. Gene-edited eggs failed to polarize Th2 cytokine responses in macrophage/T-cell co-cultures, while the volume of pulmonary granulomas surrounding ω1-mutated eggs following tail-vein injection into mice was vastly reduced. Knock-out of ω1 and the diminished levels of these cytokines following exposure showcase the novel application of programmed gene editing for functional genomics in schistosomes. Schistosomiasis is a tropical disease that can cause serious health problems, including damage to the liver and kidneys, infertility and bladder cancer. Nearly a quarter billion people are currently infected, mostly in poor regions of sub-Saharan Africa, the Philippines and Brazil. A freshwater worm known as Schistosoma mansoni causes the disease. These parasites enter the human body by burrowing into the skin; once in the bloodstream, they move to various organs where they rapidly start to reproduce. Their eggs release several molecules, including a protein known as omega-1 ribonuclease, which can damage the surrounding tissues. A gene editing technique called CRISPR/Cas9 allows scientists to precisely target and then deactivate the genetic information a cell needs to produce a given protein. While the tool has been used in other species before, it was unknown if it could be applied to S. mansoni. Here, Ittiprasert et al. harnessed CRISPR/Cas9 to deactivate the gene that codes for omega-1 ribonuclease and create parasites that do not produce the protein, or only very little of it. The experiments showed that mice infected with the gene-edited worm eggs displayed far fewer symptoms of schistosomiasis compared to those that carry the non-edited parasites. Alongside this work, Arunsan et al. used CRISPR/Cas9 to inactivate a gene in another species of worm that can cause liver cancer in humans. Together, these findings demonstrate for the first time that the gene editing method can be adapted for use in parasitic flatworms, which are a major public health problem in tropical climates. This tool should help scientists understand how the parasites invade and damage our bodies, and provide new ideas for treatment and disease control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wannaporn Ittiprasert
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Tropical Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States.,Research Center for Neglected Diseases of Poverty, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Victoria H Mann
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Tropical Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States.,Research Center for Neglected Diseases of Poverty, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Shannon E Karinshak
- Research Center for Neglected Diseases of Poverty, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Avril Coghlan
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | - Gabriel Rinaldi
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | | | - Apisit Chaidee
- Research Center for Neglected Diseases of Poverty, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States.,Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Toshihiko Tanno
- Department of Surgery, University of Maryland, Baltimore, United States.,Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, United States
| | - Chutima Kumkhaek
- Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics Laboratory, National Heart, Lungs and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
| | - Pannathee Prangtaworn
- Research Center for Neglected Diseases of Poverty, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States.,Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Christina J Cochran
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Tropical Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Patrick Driguez
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | - Nancy Holroyd
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | - Alan Tracey
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | - Rutchanee Rodpai
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Bart Everts
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Cornelis H Hokke
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Karl F Hoffmann
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew Berriman
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | - Paul J Brindley
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Tropical Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States
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Tröder SE, Ebert LK, Butt L, Assenmacher S, Schermer B, Zevnik B. An optimized electroporation approach for efficient CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing in murine zygotes. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0196891. [PMID: 29723268 PMCID: PMC5933690 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0196891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Electroporation of zygotes represents a rapid alternative to the elaborate pronuclear injection procedure for CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing in mice. However, current protocols for electroporation either require the investment in specialized electroporators or corrosive pre-treatment of zygotes which compromises embryo viability. Here, we describe an easily adaptable approach for the introduction of specific mutations in C57BL/6 mice by electroporation of intact zygotes using a common electroporator with synthetic CRISPR/Cas9 components and minimal technical requirement. Direct comparison to conventional pronuclear injection demonstrates significantly reduced physical damage and thus improved embryo development with successful genome editing in up to 100% of living offspring. Hence, our novel approach for Easy Electroporation of Zygotes (EEZy) allows highly efficient generation of CRISPR/Cas9 transgenic mice while reducing the numbers of animals required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon E. Tröder
- Cologne Excellence Cluster for Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- in vivo Research Facility, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Lena K. Ebert
- Cologne Excellence Cluster for Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Linus Butt
- Cologne Excellence Cluster for Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Sonja Assenmacher
- Cologne Excellence Cluster for Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- in vivo Research Facility, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Bernhard Schermer
- Cologne Excellence Cluster for Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Systems Biology of Aging Cologne (Sybacol), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Branko Zevnik
- Cologne Excellence Cluster for Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- in vivo Research Facility, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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49
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Kaneko T. Reproductive technologies for the generation and maintenance of valuable animal strains. J Reprod Dev 2018; 64:209-215. [PMID: 29657233 PMCID: PMC6021608 DOI: 10.1262/jrd.2018-035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Many types of mutant and genetically engineered strains have been produced in various animal species. Their numbers have dramatically increased in recent years, with new strains being
rapidly produced using genome editing techniques. In the rat, it has been difficult to produce knockout and knock-in strains because the establishment of stem cells has been insufficient.
However, a large number of knockout and knock-in strains can currently be produced using genome editing techniques, including zinc-finger nuclease (ZFN), transcription activator-like
effector nuclease (TALEN), and the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) and CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9) system. Microinjection technique has also
contributed widely to the production of various kinds of genome edited animal strains. A novel electroporation method, the “Technique for Animal Knockout system by Electroporation (TAKE)”
method, is a simple and highly efficient tool that has accelerated the production of new strains. Gamete preservation is extremely useful for maintaining large numbers of these valuable
strains as genetic resources in the long term. These reproductive technologies, including microinjection, TAKE method, and gamete preservation, strongly support biomedical research and the
bio-resource banking of animal models. In this review, we introduce the latest reproductive technologies used for the production of genetically engineered animals, especially rats, using
genome editing techniques and the efficient maintenance of valuable strains as genetic resources. These technologies can also be applied to other laboratory animals, including mice, and
domestic and wild animal species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takehito Kaneko
- Division of Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Arts and Science, Iwate University, Iwate 020-8551, Japan.,Department of Chemistry and Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Iwate University, Iwate 020-8551, Japan.,Soft-Path Science and Engineering Research Center (SPERC), Iwate University, Iwate 020-8551, Japan
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