1
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Wei Y, Zhong S, Yang H, Wang X, Lv B, Bian Y, Pei Y, Xu C, Zhao Q, Wu Y, Luo D, Wang F, Sun H, Chen Y. Current therapy in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS): A review on past and future therapeutic strategies. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 272:116496. [PMID: 38759454 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease that affects the first and second motoneurons (MNs), associated with muscle weakness, paralysis and finally death. The exact etiology of the disease still remains unclear. Currently, efforts to develop novel ALS treatments which target specific pathomechanisms are being studied. The mechanisms of ALS pathogenesis involve multiple factors, such as protein aggregation, glutamate excitotoxicity, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, apoptosis, inflammation etc. Unfortunately, to date, there are only two FDA-approved drugs for ALS, riluzole and edavarone, without curative treatment for ALS. Herein, we give an overview of the many pathways and review the recent discovery and preclinical characterization of neuroprotective compounds. Meanwhile, drug combination and other therapeutic approaches are also reviewed. In the last part, we analyze the reasons of clinical failure and propose perspective on the treatment of ALS in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Wei
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Sheng Zhong
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Huajing Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Xueqing Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Bingbing Lv
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yaoyao Bian
- Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Center of TCM External Medication Researching and Industrializing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yuqiong Pei
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Chunlei Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Qun Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yulan Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Daying Luo
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Fan Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Haopeng Sun
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China.
| | - Yao Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
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2
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Dash BP, Freischmidt A, Weishaupt JH, Hermann A. An integrative miRNA-mRNA expression analysis identifies miRNA signatures associated with SOD1 and TARDBP patient-derived motor neurons. Hum Mol Genet 2024:ddae072. [PMID: 38676626 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddae072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a subset of small non-coding single-stranded RNA molecules involved in the regulation of post-transcriptional gene expression of a variety of transcript targets. Therefore altered miRNA expression may result in the dysregulation of key genes and biological pathways that has been reported with the onset and progression of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). ALS is marked by a progressive degeneration of motor neurons (MNs) present in the spinal cord, brain stem and motor cortex. Although the pathomechanism underlying molecular interactions of ALS remains poorly understood, alterations in RNA metabolism, including dysregulation of miRNA expression in familial as well as sporadic forms are still scarcely studied. In this study, we performed combined transcriptomic data and miRNA profiling in MN samples of the same samples of iPSC-derived MNs from SOD1- and TARDBP (TDP-43 protein)-mutant-ALS patients and healthy controls. We report a global upregulation of mature miRNAs, and suggest that differentially expressed (DE) miRNAs have a significant impact on mRNA-level in SOD1-, but not in TARDBP-linked ALS. Furthermore, in SOD1-ALS we identified dysregulated miRNAs such as miR-124-3p, miR-19b-3p and miR-218 and their potential targets previously implicated in important functional process and pathogenic pathways underlying ALS. These miRNAs may play key roles in the neuronal development and cell survival related functions in SOD1-ALS. Altogether, we provide evidence of miRNA regulated genes expression mainly in SOD1 rather than TDP43-ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Banaja P Dash
- Translational Neurodegeneration Section "Albrecht Kossel", Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Rostock, Gehlsheimer Str. 20, Rostock 18147, Germany
| | - Axel Freischmidt
- Department of Neurology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, Ulm 89081, Germany
| | - Jochen H Weishaupt
- Division of Neurodegeneration, Department of Neurology, Mannheim Center for Translational Neurosciences, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, Mannheim 68167, Germany
| | - Andreas Hermann
- Translational Neurodegeneration Section "Albrecht Kossel", Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Rostock, Gehlsheimer Str. 20, Rostock 18147, Germany
- Center for Transdisciplinary Neurosciences Rostock, University Medical Center Rostock, Gehlsheimer Str. 20, Rostock 18147, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE) Rostock/Greifswald, Gehlsheimer Str. 20, Rostock 18147, Germany
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3
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Feng M, Zhou Q, Xie H, Liu C, Zheng M, Zhang S, Zhou S, Zhao J. Role of CD36 in central nervous system diseases. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:512-518. [PMID: 37721278 PMCID: PMC10581564 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.380821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
CD36 is a highly glycosylated integral membrane protein that belongs to the scavenger receptor class B family and regulates the pathological progress of metabolic diseases. CD36 was recently found to be widely expressed in various cell types in the nervous system, including endothelial cells, pericytes, astrocytes, and microglia. CD36 mediates a number of regulatory processes, such as endothelial dysfunction, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and inflammatory responses, which are involved in many central nervous system diseases, such as stroke, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and spinal cord injury. CD36 antagonists can suppress CD36 expression or prevent CD36 binding to its ligand, thereby achieving inhibition of CD36-mediated pathways or functions. Here, we reviewed the mechanisms of action of CD36 antagonists, such as Salvianolic acid B, tanshinone IIA, curcumin, sulfosuccinimidyl oleate, antioxidants, and small-molecule compounds. Moreover, we predicted the structures of binding sites between CD36 and antagonists. These sites can provide targets for more efficient and safer CD36 antagonists for the treatment of central nervous system diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Feng
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiang Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Huimin Xie
- Department of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Mengru Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Shuyu Zhang
- Medical College of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Songlin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jian Zhao
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
- Department of Orthopedic Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
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4
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Scarian E, Viola C, Dragoni F, Di Gerlando R, Rizzo B, Diamanti L, Gagliardi S, Bordoni M, Pansarasa O. New Insights into Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Response in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2698. [PMID: 38473944 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress (OS) and inflammation are two important and well-studied pathological hallmarks of neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs). Due to elevated oxygen consumption, the high presence of easily oxidizable polyunsaturated fatty acids and the weak antioxidant defenses, the brain is particularly vulnerable to oxidative injury. Uncertainty exists over whether these deficits contribute to the development of NDDs or are solely a consequence of neuronal degeneration. Furthermore, these two pathological hallmarks are linked, and it is known that OS can affect the inflammatory response. In this review, we will overview the last findings about these two pathways in the principal NDDs. Moreover, we will focus more in depth on amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) to understand how anti-inflammatory and antioxidants drugs have been used for the treatment of this still incurable motor neuron (MN) disease. Finally, we will analyze the principal past and actual clinical trials and the future perspectives in the study of these two pathological mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eveljn Scarian
- Cellular Models and Neuroepigenetics Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Via Mondino 2, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Camilla Viola
- Cellular Models and Neuroepigenetics Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Via Mondino 2, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Via Agostino Bassi 21, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Francesca Dragoni
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "L. Spallanzani", University of Pavia, Via Adolfo Ferrata, 9, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Molecular Biology and Transcriptomics Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Via Mondino 2, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Rosalinda Di Gerlando
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "L. Spallanzani", University of Pavia, Via Adolfo Ferrata, 9, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Molecular Biology and Transcriptomics Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Via Mondino 2, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Bartolo Rizzo
- Molecular Biology and Transcriptomics Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Via Mondino 2, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Luca Diamanti
- Neuroncology Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Via Mondino 2, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Stella Gagliardi
- Molecular Biology and Transcriptomics Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Via Mondino 2, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Matteo Bordoni
- Cellular Models and Neuroepigenetics Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Via Mondino 2, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Orietta Pansarasa
- Cellular Models and Neuroepigenetics Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Via Mondino 2, 27100 Pavia, Italy
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5
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Mousa NO, Abdellatif A, Fahmy N, El-Fawal H, Osman A. MicroRNAs as a Tool for Differential Diagnosis of Neuromuscular Disorders. Neuromolecular Med 2023; 25:603-615. [PMID: 37856057 PMCID: PMC10721695 DOI: 10.1007/s12017-023-08763-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Neuromuscular disorders (NMD) are a class of progressive disorders that are characterized by wasting of the muscles. Some of the disorders like Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), Becker muscular dystrophy (BMD), congenital muscular dystrophies (CMDs), limb-girdle muscular dystrophies (LGMD), and mild spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) type III share several presenting clinical features, and hence, diagnosis is usually a challenging task. In this study, the diagnostic potential of some species of microRNAs (miRNAs) that are known to play roles in normal and pathological contexts of myocytes (myomiRs) were evaluated to assess their potential in differential diagnosis of NMDs. In this study, seventy-four patients with different neuromuscular disorders along with thirty age-matched healthy control subjects were enrolled. Peripheral blood samples were collected from enrolled subjects followed by miRNA extraction and reverse transcription followed by quantification of the circulating levels of the studied miRNAs (miR-499, miR-206, miR-208a, miR-223, miR-191, miR-103a-3p, miR-103a-5p), by real-time PCR and statistical analysis. The data indicated that miR-499 level showed high circulating levels in DMD patients as well as in patients with other related disorders such as BMD. However, the levels of miR-499 were much higher in DMD patients and it can be used to diagnose DMD. In addition, miR-206 can selectively differentiate between DMD and all other disorders. The results also revealed that miR-208a and miR-223 were significantly dysregulated in SMA patients, and miR-103a-3p could distinguish DMD from BMD. The expression levels of some miRNA species can be utilized in the process of differential diagnosis of NMDs and can serve as a diagnostic biomarker, and such findings will pave the way towards generating targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahla O Mousa
- Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, 12613, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Abdellatif
- Biology Department, School of Sciences and Engineering, The American University in Cairo, Cairo, 11835, Egypt.
| | - Nagia Fahmy
- Neuropsychiatry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, 11566, Egypt
| | - Hassan El-Fawal
- Institute of Global Health and Human Ecology, School of Sciences and Engineering, The American University in Cairo, Cairo, 11835, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Osman
- Biotechnology Department, Basic and Applied Sciences Institute, Egypt-Japan University of Science and Technology, Borg Al Arab, 21934, Egypt.
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, 11566, Egypt.
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6
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Rizzuti M, Sali L, Melzi V, Scarcella S, Costamagna G, Ottoboni L, Quetti L, Brambilla L, Papadimitriou D, Verde F, Ratti A, Ticozzi N, Comi GP, Corti S, Gagliardi D. Genomic and transcriptomic advances in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 92:102126. [PMID: 37972860 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.102126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disorder and the most common motor neuron disease. ALS shows substantial clinical and molecular heterogeneity. In vitro and in vivo models coupled with multiomic techniques have provided important contributions to unraveling the pathomechanisms underlying ALS. To date, despite promising results and accumulating knowledge, an effective treatment is still lacking. Here, we provide an overview of the literature on the use of genomics, epigenomics, transcriptomics and microRNAs to deeply investigate the molecular mechanisms developing and sustaining ALS. We report the most relevant genes implicated in ALS pathogenesis, discussing the use of different high-throughput sequencing techniques and the role of epigenomic modifications. Furthermore, we present transcriptomic studies discussing the most recent advances, from microarrays to bulk and single-cell RNA sequencing. Finally, we discuss the use of microRNAs as potential biomarkers and promising tools for molecular intervention. The integration of data from multiple omic approaches may provide new insights into pathogenic pathways in ALS by shedding light on diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers, helping to stratify patients into clinically relevant subgroups, revealing novel therapeutic targets and supporting the development of new effective therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mafalda Rizzuti
- Neurology Unit, Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Sali
- Neurology Unit, Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Melzi
- Neurology Unit, Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Simone Scarcella
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Dino Ferrari Center, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Gianluca Costamagna
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Dino Ferrari Center, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Linda Ottoboni
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Dino Ferrari Center, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Quetti
- Neurology Unit, Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Brambilla
- Neurology Unit, Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Federico Verde
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Dino Ferrari Center, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonia Ratti
- Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy; Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Nicola Ticozzi
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Dino Ferrari Center, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
| | - Giacomo Pietro Comi
- Neurology Unit, Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy; Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Dino Ferrari Center, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy; Neuromuscular and Rare Diseases Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefania Corti
- Neurology Unit, Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy; Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Dino Ferrari Center, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
| | - Delia Gagliardi
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Dino Ferrari Center, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
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7
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Kour S, Fortuna T, Anderson EN, Mawrie D, Bilstein J, Sivasubramanian R, Ward C, Roy R, Rajasundaram D, Sterneckert J, Pandey UB. Drosha-dependent microRNAs modulate FUS-mediated neurodegeneration in vivo. Nucleic Acids Res 2023; 51:11258-11276. [PMID: 37791873 PMCID: PMC10639082 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkad774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the Fused in Sarcoma (FUS) gene cause the familial and progressive form of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). FUS is a nuclear RNA-binding protein involved in RNA processing and the biogenesis of a specific set of microRNAs. Here we report that Drosha and two previously uncharacterized Drosha-dependent miRNAs are strong modulators of FUS expression and prevent the cytoplasmic segregation of insoluble mutant FUS in vivo. We demonstrate that depletion of Drosha mitigates FUS-mediated degeneration, survival and motor defects in Drosophila. Mutant FUS strongly interacts with Drosha and causes its cytoplasmic mis-localization into the insoluble FUS inclusions. Reduction in Drosha levels increases the solubility of mutant FUS. Interestingly, we found two Drosha dependent microRNAs, miR-378i and miR-6832-5p, which differentially regulate the expression, solubility and cytoplasmic aggregation of mutant FUS in iPSC neurons and mammalian cells. More importantly, we report different modes of action of these miRNAs against mutant FUS. Whereas miR-378i may regulate mutant FUS inclusions by preventing G3BP-mediated stress granule formation, miR-6832-5p may affect FUS expression via other proteins or pathways. Overall, our research reveals a possible association between ALS-linked FUS mutations and the Drosha-dependent miRNA regulatory circuit, as well as a useful perspective on potential ALS treatment via microRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukhleen Kour
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
| | - Tyler Fortuna
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
| | - Eric N Anderson
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
| | - Darilang Mawrie
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
| | - Jessica Bilstein
- Center for Regenerative Therapies TU Dresden (CRTD), Technische Universität (TU) Dresden, Dresden, 01307, Germany
| | - Ramakrishnan Sivasubramanian
- Center for Regenerative Therapies TU Dresden (CRTD), Technische Universität (TU) Dresden, Dresden, 01307, Germany
| | - Caroline Ward
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
| | - Rishit Roy
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
| | - Dhivyaa Rajasundaram
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Health Informatics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
| | - Jared Sterneckert
- Center for Regenerative Therapies TU Dresden (CRTD), Technische Universität (TU) Dresden, Dresden, 01307, Germany
- Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus of TU Dresden, Dresden, 01307, Germany
| | - Udai Bhan Pandey
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
- Children's Neuroscience Institute, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
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8
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Guareschi S, Ravasi M, Baldessari D, Pozzi S, Zaffino T, Melazzini M, Ambrosini A. The positive impact on translational research of Fondazione italiana di ricerca per la Sclerosi Laterale Amiotrofica (AriSLA), a non-profit foundation focused on amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Convergence of ex-ante evaluation and ex-post outcomes when goals are set upfront. Front Res Metr Anal 2023; 8:1067981. [PMID: 37601533 PMCID: PMC10436489 DOI: 10.3389/frma.2023.1067981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Charities investing on rare disease research greatly contribute to generate ground-breaking knowledge with the clear goal of finding a cure for their condition of interest. Although the amount of their investments may be relatively small compared to major funders, the advocacy groups' clear mission promotes innovative research and aggregates highly motivated and mission-oriented scientists. Here, we illustrate the case of Fondazione italiana di ricerca per la Sclerosi Laterale Amiotrofica (AriSLA), the main Italian funding agency entirely dedicated to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis research. An international benchmark analysis of publications derived from AriSLA-funded projects indicated that their mean relative citation ratio values (iCite dashboard, National Institutes of Health, U.S.) were very high, suggesting a strong influence on the referring international scientific community. An interesting trend of research toward translation based on the "triangle of biomedicine" and paper citations (iCite) was also observed. Qualitative analysis on researchers' accomplishments was convergent with the bibliometric data, indicating a high level of performance of several working groups, lines of research that speak of progression toward clinical translation, and one study that has progressed from the investigation of cellular mechanisms to a Phase 2 international clinical trial. The key elements of the success of the AriSLA investment lie in: (i) the clear definition of the objectives (research with potential impact on patients, no matter how far), (ii) a rigorous peer-review process entrusted to an international panel of experts, (iii) diversification of the portfolio with ad hoc selection criteria, which also contributed to bringing new experts and younger scientists to the field, and (iv) a close interaction of AriSLA stakeholders with scientists, who developed a strong sense of belonging. Periodic review of the portfolio of investments is a vital practice for funding agencies. Sharing information between funding agencies about their own policies and research assessment methods and outcomes help guide the international debate on funding strategies and research directions to be undertaken, particularly in the field of rare diseases, where synergy is a relevant enabling factor.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Anna Ambrosini
- Fondazione AriSLA ETS, Milan, Italy
- Fondazione Telethon ETS, Milan, Italy
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9
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Afonso GJM, Cavaleiro C, Valero J, Mota SI, Ferreiro E. Recent Advances in Extracellular Vesicles in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Emergent Perspectives. Cells 2023; 12:1763. [PMID: 37443797 PMCID: PMC10340215 DOI: 10.3390/cells12131763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a severe and incurable neurodegenerative disease characterized by the progressive death of motor neurons, leading to paralysis and death. It is a rare disease characterized by high patient-to-patient heterogeneity, which makes its study arduous and complex. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as important players in the development of ALS. Thus, ALS phenotype-expressing cells can spread their abnormal bioactive cargo through the secretion of EVs, even in distant tissues. Importantly, owing to their nature and composition, EVs' formation and cargo can be exploited for better comprehension of this elusive disease and identification of novel biomarkers, as well as for potential therapeutic applications, such as those based on stem cell-derived exosomes. This review highlights recent advances in the identification of the role of EVs in ALS etiopathology and how EVs can be promising new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonçalo J. M. Afonso
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; (G.J.M.A.); (C.C.)
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- III-Institute of Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, 3030-789 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Carla Cavaleiro
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; (G.J.M.A.); (C.C.)
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- III-Institute of Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, 3030-789 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Jorge Valero
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Castilla y León, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain;
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology and Pathology, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Sandra I. Mota
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; (G.J.M.A.); (C.C.)
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- III-Institute of Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, 3030-789 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Elisabete Ferreiro
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; (G.J.M.A.); (C.C.)
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- III-Institute of Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, 3030-789 Coimbra, Portugal
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10
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Lim WQ, Michelle Luk KH, Lee KY, Nurul N, Loh SJ, Yeow ZX, Wong QX, Daniel Looi QH, Chong PP, How CW, Hamzah S, Foo JB. Small Extracellular Vesicles' miRNAs: Biomarkers and Therapeutics for Neurodegenerative Diseases. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15041216. [PMID: 37111701 PMCID: PMC10143523 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15041216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are critical in the healthcare system as patients suffer from progressive diseases despite currently available drug management. Indeed, the growing ageing population will burden the country's healthcare system and the caretakers. Thus, there is a need for new management that could stop or reverse the progression of neurodegenerative diseases. Stem cells possess a remarkable regenerative potential that has long been investigated to resolve these issues. Some breakthroughs have been achieved thus far to replace the damaged brain cells; however, the procedure's invasiveness has prompted scientists to investigate using stem-cell small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) as a non-invasive cell-free therapy to address the limitations of cell therapy. With the advancement of technology to understand the molecular changes of neurodegenerative diseases, efforts have been made to enrich stem cells' sEVs with miRNAs to increase the therapeutic efficacy of the sEVs. In this article, the pathophysiology of various neurodegenerative diseases is highlighted. The role of miRNAs from sEVs as biomarkers and treatments is also discussed. Lastly, the applications and delivery of stem cells and their miRNA-enriched sEVs for treating neurodegenerative diseases are emphasised and reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Qing Lim
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya 47500, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Kie Hoon Michelle Luk
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya 47500, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Kah Yee Lee
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya 47500, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nasuha Nurul
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya 47500, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Sin Jade Loh
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya 47500, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Zhen Xiong Yeow
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya 47500, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Qi Xuan Wong
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya 47500, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Qi Hao Daniel Looi
- My CytoHealth Sdn. Bhd., Lab 6, DMC Level 2, Hive 5, Taman Teknologi MRANTI, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
| | - Pan Pan Chong
- National Orthopaedic Centre of Excellence for Research and Learning (NOCERAL), Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Chee Wun How
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Subang Jaya 47500, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Sharina Hamzah
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya 47500, Selangor, Malaysia
- Medical Advancement for Better Quality of Life Impact Lab, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya 47500, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Jhi Biau Foo
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya 47500, Selangor, Malaysia
- Medical Advancement for Better Quality of Life Impact Lab, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya 47500, Selangor, Malaysia
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11
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Redenšek Trampuž S, Vogrinc D, Goričar K, Dolžan V. Shared miRNA landscapes of COVID-19 and neurodegeneration confirm neuroinflammation as an important overlapping feature. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1123955. [PMID: 37008787 PMCID: PMC10064073 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1123955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
IntroductionDevelopment and worsening of most common neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and multiple sclerosis, have been associated with COVID-19 However, the mechanisms associated with neurological symptoms in COVID-19 patients and neurodegenerative sequelae are not clear. The interplay between gene expression and metabolite production in CNS is driven by miRNAs. These small non-coding molecules are dysregulated in most common neurodegenerative diseases and COVID-19.MethodsWe have performed a thorough literature screening and database mining to search for shared miRNA landscapes of SARS-CoV-2 infection and neurodegeneration. Differentially expressed miRNAs in COVID-19 patients were searched using PubMed, while differentially expressed miRNAs in patients with five most common neurodegenerative diseases (Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and multiple sclerosis) were searched using the Human microRNA Disease Database. Target genes of the overlapping miRNAs, identified with the miRTarBase, were used for the pathway enrichment analysis performed with Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes and Reactome.ResultsIn total, 98 common miRNAs were found. Additionally, two of them (hsa-miR-34a and hsa-miR-132) were highlighted as promising biomarkers of neurodegeneration, as they are dysregulated in all five most common neurodegenerative diseases and COVID-19. Additionally, hsa-miR-155 was upregulated in four COVID-19 studies and found to be dysregulated in neurodegeneration processes as well. Screening for miRNA targets identified 746 unique genes with strong evidence for interaction. Target enrichment analysis highlighted most significant KEGG and Reactome pathways being involved in signaling, cancer, transcription and infection. However, the more specific identified pathways confirmed neuroinflammation as being the most important shared feature.DiscussionOur pathway based approach has identified overlapping miRNAs in COVID-19 and neurodegenerative diseases that may have a valuable potential for neurodegeneration prediction in COVID-19 patients. Additionally, identified miRNAs can be further explored as potential drug targets or agents to modify signaling in shared pathways.Graphical AbstractShared miRNA molecules among the five investigated neurodegenerative diseases and COVID-19 were identified. The two overlapping miRNAs, hsa-miR-34a and has-miR-132, present potential biomarkers of neurodegenerative sequelae after COVID-19. Furthermore, 98 common miRNAs between all five neurodegenerative diseases together and COVID-19 were identified. A KEGG and Reactome pathway enrichment analyses was performed on the list of shared miRNA target genes and finally top 20 pathways were evaluated for their potential for identification of new drug targets. A common feature of identified overlapping miRNAs and pathways is neuroinflammation. AD, Alzheimer’s disease; ALS, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019; HD, Huntington’s disease; KEGG, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes; MS, multiple sclerosis; PD, Parkinson’s disease.
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12
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Rastegar-Moghaddam SH, Ebrahimzadeh-Bideskan A, Shahba S, Malvandi AM, Mohammadipour A. Roles of the miR-155 in Neuroinflammation and Neurological Disorders: A Potent Biological and Therapeutic Target. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2023; 43:455-467. [PMID: 35107690 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-022-01200-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation plays a crucial role in the development and progression of neurological disorders. MicroRNA-155 (miR-155), a miR is known to play in inflammatory responses, is associated with susceptibility to inflammatory neurological disorders and neurodegeneration, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis as well as epilepsy, stroke, and brain malignancies. MiR-155 damages the central nervous system (CNS) by enhancing the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, like IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and IRF3. It also disturbs the blood-brain barrier by decreasing junctional complex molecules such as claudin-1, annexin-2, syntenin-1, and dedicator of cytokinesis 1 (DOCK-1), a hallmark of many neurological disorders. This review discusses the molecular pathways which involve miR-155 as a critical component in the progression of neurological disorders, representing miR-155 as a viable therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Hamidreza Rastegar-Moghaddam
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, PO Box 91779-48564, Mashhad, Iran.,Applied Biomedical Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Alireza Ebrahimzadeh-Bideskan
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, PO Box 91779-48564, Mashhad, Iran.,Applied Biomedical Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Sara Shahba
- Medical Biotechnology Research Center, School of Paramedicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Amir Mohammad Malvandi
- Laboratory of Experimental Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Via Riccardo Galeazzi, 4, 20161, Milan, Italy.
| | - Abbas Mohammadipour
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, PO Box 91779-48564, Mashhad, Iran.
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13
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Cheng YF, Gu XJ, Yang TM, Wei QQ, Cao B, Zhang Y, Shang HF, Chen YP. Signature of miRNAs derived from the circulating exosomes of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1106497. [PMID: 36845651 PMCID: PMC9951117 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1106497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive, fatal neurodegenerative disorder (NDS) with unclear pathophysiology and few therapeutic options. Mutations in SOD1 and C9orf72 are the most common in Asian and Caucasian patients with ALS, respectively. Aberrant (microRNAs) miRNAs found in patients with gene-mutated ALS may be involved in the pathogenesis of gene-specific ALS and sporadic ALS (SALS). The aim of this study was to screen for differentially expressed miRNAs from exosomes in patients with ALS and healthy controls (HCs) and to construct a miRNA-based diagnostic model to classify patients and HCs. Methods We compared circulating exosome-derived miRNAs of patients with ALS and HCs using the following two cohorts: a discovery cohort (three patients with SOD1-mutated ALS, three patients with C9orf72-mutated ALS, and three HCs) analyzed by microarray and a validation cohort (16 patients with gene-mutated ALS, 65 patients with SALS, and 61 HCs) confirmed by RT-qPCR. The support vector machine (SVM) model was used to help diagnose ALS using five differentially expressed miRNAs between SALS and HCs. Results A total of 64 differentially expressed miRNAs in patients with SOD1-mutated ALS and 128 differentially expressed miRNAs in patients with C9orf72-mutated ALS were obtained by microarray compared to HCs. Of these, 11 overlapping dysregulated miRNAs were identified in both groups. Among the 14 top-hit candidate miRNAs validated by RT-qPCR, hsa-miR-34a-3p was specifically downregulated in patients with SOD1-mutated ALS, while hsa-miR-1306-3p was downregulated in ALS patients with both SOD1 and C9orf72 mutations. In addition, hsa-miR-199a-3p and hsa-miR-30b-5p were upregulated significantly in patients with SALS, while hsa-miR-501-3p, hsa-miR-103a-2-5p, and hsa-miR-181d-5p had a trend to be upregulated. The SVM diagnostic model used five miRNAs as features to distinguish ALS from HCs in our cohort with an area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.80. Conclusion Our study identified aberrant miRNAs from exosomes of SALS and ALS patients with SOD1/C9orf72 mutations and provided additional evidence that aberrant miRNAs were involved in the pathogenesis of ALS regardless of the presence or absence of the gene mutation. The machine learning algorithm had high accuracy in predicting the diagnosis of ALS, shedding light on the foundation for the clinical application of blood tests in the diagnosis of ALS, and revealing the pathological mechanisms of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang-Fan Cheng
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disorders, Rare Disease Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China,Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiao-Jing Gu
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disorders, Rare Disease Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China,Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tian-Mi Yang
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disorders, Rare Disease Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qian-Qian Wei
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disorders, Rare Disease Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bei Cao
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disorders, Rare Disease Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- West China School of Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hui-Fang Shang
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disorders, Rare Disease Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China,Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China,*Correspondence: Hui-Fang Shang,
| | - Yong-Ping Chen
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disorders, Rare Disease Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China,Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China,Yong-Ping Chen,
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14
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Weng YT, Chang YM, Chern Y. The Impact of Dysregulated microRNA Biogenesis Machinery and microRNA Sorting on Neurodegenerative Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043443. [PMID: 36834853 PMCID: PMC9959302 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are 22-nucleotide noncoding RNAs involved in the differentiation, development, and function of cells in the body by targeting the 3'- untranslated regions (UTR) of mRNAs for degradation or translational inhibition. miRNAs not only affect gene expression inside the cells but also, when sorted into exosomes, systemically mediate the communication between different types of cells. Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) are age-associated, chronic neurological diseases characterized by the aggregation of misfolded proteins, which results in the progressive degeneration of selected neuronal population(s). The dysregulation of biogenesis and/or sorting of miRNAs into exosomes was reported in several NDs, including Huntington's disease (HD), Parkinson's disease (PD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Many studies support the possible roles of dysregulated miRNAs in NDs as biomarkers and therapeutic treatments. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying the dysregulated miRNAs in NDs is therefore timely and important for the development of diagnostic and therapeutic interventions. In this review, we focus on the dysregulated miRNA machinery and the role of RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) in NDs. The tools that are available to identify the target miRNA-mRNA axes in NDs in an unbiased manner are also discussed.
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15
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Epigenetic Changes in Prion and Prion-like Neurodegenerative Diseases: Recent Advances, Potential as Biomarkers, and Future Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012609. [PMID: 36293477 PMCID: PMC9604074 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Prion diseases are transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs) caused by a conformational conversion of the native cellular prion protein (PrPC) to an abnormal, infectious isoform called PrPSc. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, and Huntington’s diseases are also known as prion-like diseases because they share common features with prion diseases, including protein misfolding and aggregation, as well as the spread of these misfolded proteins into different brain regions. Increasing evidence proposes the involvement of epigenetic mechanisms, namely DNA methylation, post-translational modifications of histones, and microRNA-mediated post-transcriptional gene regulation in the pathogenesis of prion-like diseases. Little is known about the role of epigenetic modifications in prion diseases, but recent findings also point to a potential regulatory role of epigenetic mechanisms in the pathology of these diseases. This review highlights recent findings on epigenetic modifications in TSEs and prion-like diseases and discusses the potential role of such mechanisms in disease pathology and their use as potential biomarkers.
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16
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Abdolahi S, Zare-Chahoki A, Noorbakhsh F, Gorji A. A Review of Molecular Interplay between Neurotrophins and miRNAs in Neuropsychological Disorders. Mol Neurobiol 2022; 59:6260-6280. [PMID: 35916975 PMCID: PMC9463196 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-02966-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Various neurotrophins (NTs), including nerve growth factor, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, neurotrophin-3, and neurotrophin-4, promote cellular differentiation, survival, and maintenance, as well as synaptic plasticity, in the peripheral and central nervous system. The function of microRNAs (miRNAs) and other small non-coding RNAs, as regulators of gene expression, is pivotal for the appropriate control of cell growth and differentiation. There are positive and negative loops between NTs and miRNAs, which exert modulatory effects on different signaling pathways. The interplay between NTs and miRNAs plays a crucial role in the regulation of several physiological and pathological brain procedures. Emerging evidence suggests the diagnostic and therapeutic roles of the interactions between NTs and miRNAs in several neuropsychological disorders, including epilepsy, multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, Huntington's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, schizophrenia, anxiety disorders, depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, bipolar disorder, and drug abuse. Here, we review current data regarding the regulatory interactions between NTs and miRNAs in neuropsychological disorders, for which novel diagnostic and/or therapeutic strategies are emerging. Targeting NTs-miRNAs interactions for diagnostic or therapeutic approaches needs to be validated by future clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Abdolahi
- Shefa Neuroscience Research Center, Khatam Alanbia Hospital, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ameneh Zare-Chahoki
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Farshid Noorbakhsh
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Gorji
- Neuroscience Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
- Department of Neurosurgery, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Münster, Germany.
- Department of Neurology and Institute for Translational Neurology, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Münster, Germany.
- Epilepsy Research Center, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, 48149, Münster, Germany.
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17
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Giovannetti A, Bianco SD, Traversa A, Panzironi N, Bruselles A, Lazzari S, Liorni N, Tartaglia M, Carella M, Pizzuti A, Mazza T, Caputo V. MiRLog and dbmiR: prioritization and functional annotation tools to study human microRNA sequence variants. Hum Mutat 2022; 43:1201-1215. [PMID: 35583122 PMCID: PMC9546175 DOI: 10.1002/humu.24399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The recent identification of noncoding variants with pathogenic effects suggests that these variations could underlie a significant number of undiagnosed cases. Several computational methods have been developed to predict the functional impact of noncoding variants, but they exhibit only partial concordance and are not integrated with functional annotation resources, making the interpretation of these variants still challenging. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNA molecules that act as fine regulators of gene expression and play crucial functions in several biological processes, such as cell proliferation and differentiation. An increasing number of studies demonstrate a significant impact of miRNA single nucleotide variants (SNVs) both in Mendelian diseases and complex traits. To predict the functional effect of miRNA SNVs, we implemented a new meta‐predictor, MiRLog, and we integrated it into a comprehensive database, dbmiR, which includes a precompiled list of all possible miRNA allelic SNVs, providing their biological annotations at nucleotide and miRNA levels. MiRLog and dbmiR were used to explore the genetic variability of miRNAs in 15,708 human genomes included in the gnomAD project, finding several ultra‐rare SNVs with a potentially deleterious effect on miRNA biogenesis and function representing putative contributors to human phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnese Giovannetti
- Laboratory of Clinical Genomics, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy
| | - Salvatore Daniele Bianco
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Unit of Bioinformatics, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy
| | - Alice Traversa
- Laboratory of Clinical Genomics, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy
| | - Noemi Panzironi
- Laboratory of Clinical Genomics, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy
| | - Alessandro Bruselles
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Lazzari
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Niccolò Liorni
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Unit of Bioinformatics, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy
| | - Marco Tartaglia
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Carella
- Medical Genetics Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy
| | - Antonio Pizzuti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Tommaso Mazza
- Unit of Bioinformatics, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy
| | - Viviana Caputo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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18
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Dysregulated miRNAs as Biomarkers and Therapeutical Targets in Neurodegenerative Diseases. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12050770. [PMID: 35629192 PMCID: PMC9143965 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12050770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) are representative neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) characterized by degeneration of selective neurons, as well as the lack of effective biomarkers and therapeutic treatments. In the last decade, microRNAs (miRNAs) have gained considerable interest in diagnostics and therapy of NDs, owing to their aberrant expression and their ability to target multiple molecules and pathways. Here, we provide an overview of dysregulated miRNAs in fluids (blood or cerebrospinal fluid) and nervous tissue of AD, PD, and ALS patients. By emphasizing those that are commonly dysregulated in these NDs, we highlight their potential role as biomarkers or therapeutical targets and describe the use of antisense oligonucleotides as miRNA therapies.
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19
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Rizzuti M, Melzi V, Gagliardi D, Resnati D, Meneri M, Dioni L, Masrori P, Hersmus N, Poesen K, Locatelli M, Biella F, Silipigni R, Bollati V, Bresolin N, Comi GP, Van Damme P, Nizzardo M, Corti S. Insights into the identification of a molecular signature for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis exploiting integrated microRNA profiling of iPSC-derived motor neurons and exosomes. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:189. [PMID: 35286466 PMCID: PMC8921154 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04217-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a rare neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive degeneration of motor neurons (MNs). Most cases are sporadic, whereas 10% are familial. The pathological mechanisms underlying the disease are partially understood, but it is increasingly being recognized that alterations in RNA metabolism and deregulation of microRNA (miRNA) expression occur in ALS. In this study, we performed miRNA expression profile analysis of iPSC-derived MNs and related exosomes from familial patients and healthy subjects. We identified dysregulation of miR-34a, miR-335 and miR-625-3p expression in both MNs and exosomes. These miRNAs regulate genes and pathways which correlate with disease pathogenesis, suggesting that studying miRNAs deregulation can contribute to deeply investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying the disease. We also assayed the expression profile of these miRNAs in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of familial (fALS) and sporadic patients (sALS) and we identified a significant dysregulation of miR-34a-3p and miR-625-3p levels in ALS compared to controls. Taken together, all these findings suggest that miRNA analysis simultaneously performed in different human biological samples could represent a promising molecular tool to understand the etiopathogenesis of ALS and to develop new potential miRNA-based strategies in this new propitious therapeutic era.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mafalda Rizzuti
- Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Neurology Unit, Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Melzi
- Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Neurology Unit, Milan, Italy
| | - Delia Gagliardi
- Department of Physiopathology and Transplants, Dino Ferrari Center, University of Milan, via Francesco Sforza 35, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Davide Resnati
- Department of Physiopathology and Transplants, Dino Ferrari Center, University of Milan, via Francesco Sforza 35, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Megi Meneri
- Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Neurology Unit, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Dioni
- EPIGET LAB, Unit of Occupational Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, IRCCS Ca' Granda Foundation Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Pegah Masrori
- Department of Neurosciences, Laboratory of Neurobiology, Center for Brain and Disease, KU Leuven, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Neurology Department, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nicole Hersmus
- Department of Neurosciences, Laboratory of Neurobiology, Center for Brain and Disease, KU Leuven, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Koen Poesen
- Department of Neurosciences, Laboratory for Molecular Neurobiomarker Research, Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Martina Locatelli
- Department of Physiopathology and Transplants, Dino Ferrari Center, University of Milan, via Francesco Sforza 35, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabio Biella
- Department of Physiopathology and Transplants, Dino Ferrari Center, University of Milan, via Francesco Sforza 35, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Rosamaria Silipigni
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, IRCCS Ca' Granda Foundation Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Bollati
- EPIGET LAB, Unit of Occupational Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, IRCCS Ca' Granda Foundation Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Nereo Bresolin
- Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Neurology Unit, Milan, Italy.,Department of Physiopathology and Transplants, Dino Ferrari Center, University of Milan, via Francesco Sforza 35, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Giacomo Pietro Comi
- Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Neurology Unit, Milan, Italy.,Department of Physiopathology and Transplants, Dino Ferrari Center, University of Milan, via Francesco Sforza 35, 20122, Milan, Italy.,Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Neuromuscular and Rare Diseases Unit, Milan, Italy
| | - Philip Van Damme
- Department of Neurosciences, Laboratory of Neurobiology, Center for Brain and Disease, KU Leuven, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Neurology Department, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Monica Nizzardo
- Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Neurology Unit, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefania Corti
- Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Neurology Unit, Milan, Italy. .,Department of Physiopathology and Transplants, Dino Ferrari Center, University of Milan, via Francesco Sforza 35, 20122, Milan, Italy.
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20
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Chu J, Fang X, Sun Z, Gai L, Dai W, Li H, Yan X, Du J, Zhang L, Zhao L, Xu D, Yan S. Non-Coding RNAs Regulate the Resistance to Anti-EGFR Therapy in Colorectal Cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 11:801319. [PMID: 35111681 PMCID: PMC8802825 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.801319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third prevalent cancer worldwide, the morbidity and mortality of which have been increasing in recent years. As molecular targeting agents, anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) monoclonal antibodies (McAbs) have significantly increased the progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) of metastatic CRC (mCRC) patients. Nevertheless, most patients are eventually resistant to anti-EGFR McAbs. With the intensive study of the mechanism of anti-EGFR drug resistance, a variety of biomarkers and pathways have been found to participate in CRC resistance to anti-EGFR therapy. More and more studies have implicated non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) primarily including microRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs), are widely involved in tumorigenesis and tumor progression. They function as essential regulators controlling the expression and function of oncogenes. Increasing data have shown ncRNAs affect the resistance of molecular targeted drugs in CRC including anti-EGFR McAbs. In this paper, we have reviewed the advance in mechanisms of ncRNAs in regulating anti-EGFR McAbs therapy resistance in CRC. It provides insight into exploring ncRNAs as new molecular targets and prognostic markers for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjin Chu
- Central Laboratory of the First Affiliated Hospital, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Xianzhu Fang
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Zhonghou Sun
- Department of Pediatrics of the First Affiliated Hospital, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Linlin Gai
- Central Laboratory of the First Affiliated Hospital, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Wenqing Dai
- Central Laboratory of the First Affiliated Hospital, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Haibo Li
- Central Laboratory of the First Affiliated Hospital, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Xinyi Yan
- Central Laboratory of the First Affiliated Hospital, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Jinke Du
- Central Laboratory of the First Affiliated Hospital, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Lili Zhang
- Central Laboratory of the First Affiliated Hospital, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Lu Zhao
- Central Laboratory of the First Affiliated Hospital, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Donghua Xu
- Central Laboratory of the First Affiliated Hospital, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Shushan Yan
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Anal Diseases Surgery of the Affiliated Hospital, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
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21
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Gowda P, Reddy PH, Kumar S. Deregulated mitochondrial microRNAs in Alzheimer's disease: Focus on synapse and mitochondria. Ageing Res Rev 2022; 73:101529. [PMID: 34813976 PMCID: PMC8692431 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2021.101529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia and is currently one of the biggest public health concerns in the world. Mitochondrial dysfunction in neurons is one of the major hallmarks of AD. Emerging evidence suggests that mitochondrial miRNAs potentially play important roles in the mitochondrial dysfunctions, focusing on synapse in AD progression. In this meta-analysis paper, a comprehensive literature review was conducted to identify and discuss the (1) role of mitochondrial miRNAs that regulate mitochondrial and synaptic functions; (2) the role of various factors such as mitochondrial dynamics, biogenesis, calcium signaling, biological sex, and aging on synapse and mitochondrial function; (3) how synapse damage and mitochondrial dysfunctions contribute to AD; (4) the structure and function of synapse and mitochondria in the disease process; (5) latest research developments in synapse and mitochondria in healthy and disease states; and (6) therapeutic strategies that improve synaptic and mitochondrial functions in AD. Specifically, we discussed how differences in the expression of mitochondrial miRNAs affect ATP production, oxidative stress, mitophagy, bioenergetics, mitochondrial dynamics, synaptic activity, synaptic plasticity, neurotransmission, and synaptotoxicity in neurons observed during AD. However, more research is needed to confirm the locations and roles of individual mitochondrial miRNAs in the development of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashanth Gowda
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - P. Hemachandra Reddy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA.,Neuroscience & Pharmacology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA.,Neurology, Departments of School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA.,Public Health Department of Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA.,Department of Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences, School Health Professions, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Subodh Kumar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
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22
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Belkozhayev AM, Al-Yozbaki M, George A, Niyazova RY, Sharipov KO, Byrne LJ, Wilson CM. Extracellular Vesicles, Stem Cells and the Role of miRNAs in Neurodegeneration. Curr Neuropharmacol 2022; 20:1450-1478. [PMID: 34414870 PMCID: PMC9881087 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x19666210817150141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
There are different modalities of intercellular communication governed by cellular homeostasis. In this review, we will explore one of these forms of communication called extracellular vesicles (EVs). These vesicles are released by all cells in the body and are heterogeneous in nature. The primary function of EVs is to share information through their cargo consisting of proteins, lipids and nucleic acids (mRNA, miRNA, dsDNA etc.) with other cells, which have a direct consequence on their microenvironment. We will focus on the role of EVs of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in the nervous system and how these participate in intercellular communication to maintain physiological function and provide neuroprotection. However, deregulation of this same communication system could play a role in several neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, multiple sclerosis, prion disease and Huntington's disease. The release of EVs from a cell provides crucial information to what is happening inside the cell and thus could be used in diagnostics and therapy. We will discuss and explore new avenues for the clinical applications of using engineered MSC-EVs and their potential therapeutic benefit in treating neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayaz M. Belkozhayev
- Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan
- Structural and Functional Genomics Laboratory of M.A. Aitkhozhin Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan
| | - Minnatallah Al-Yozbaki
- Canterbury Christ Church University, School of Human and Life Sciences, Life Sciences Industry Liaison Lab, Sandwich, UK
| | - Alex George
- Canterbury Christ Church University, School of Human and Life Sciences, Life Sciences Industry Liaison Lab, Sandwich, UK
- Jubilee Centre for Medical Research, Jubilee Mission Medical College & Research Institute, Thrissur, Kerala, India
| | - Raigul Ye Niyazova
- Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan
| | - Kamalidin O. Sharipov
- Structural and Functional Genomics Laboratory of M.A. Aitkhozhin Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan
| | - Lee J. Byrne
- Canterbury Christ Church University, School of Human and Life Sciences, Life Sciences Industry Liaison Lab, Sandwich, UK
| | - Cornelia M. Wilson
- Canterbury Christ Church University, School of Human and Life Sciences, Life Sciences Industry Liaison Lab, Sandwich, UK
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23
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Bono S, Feligioni M, Corbo M. Impaired antioxidant KEAP1-NRF2 system in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: NRF2 activation as a potential therapeutic strategy. Mol Neurodegener 2021; 16:71. [PMID: 34663413 PMCID: PMC8521937 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-021-00479-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxidative stress (OS) is an imbalance between oxidant and antioxidant species and, together with other numerous pathological mechanisms, leads to the degeneration and death of motor neurons (MNs) in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). MAIN BODY Two of the main players in the molecular and cellular response to OS are NRF2, the transcription nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2, and its principal negative regulator, KEAP1, Kelch-like ECH (erythroid cell-derived protein with CNC homology)-associated protein 1. Here we first provide an overview of the structural organization, regulation, and critical role of the KEAP1-NRF2 system in counteracting OS, with a focus on its alteration in ALS. We then examine several compounds capable of promoting NRF2 activity thereby inducing cytoprotective effects, and which are currently in different stages of clinical development for many pathologies, including neurodegenerative diseases. CONCLUSIONS Although challenges associated with some of these compounds remain, important advances have been made in the development of safer and more effective drugs that could actually represent a breakthrough for fatal degenerative diseases such as ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Bono
- Need Institute, Laboratory of Neurobiology for Translational Medicine, c/o Casa di Cura del Policlinico (CCP), Via Dezza 48, 20144 Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Feligioni
- Need Institute, Laboratory of Neurobiology for Translational Medicine, c/o Casa di Cura del Policlinico (CCP), Via Dezza 48, 20144 Milan, Italy
- Laboratory of Neuronal Cell Signaling, EBRI Rita Levi-Montalcini Foundation, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Corbo
- Department of Neurorehabilitation Sciences, Casa di Cura del Policlinico (CCP), Via Dezza 48, 20144 Milan, Italy
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24
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Laneve P, Tollis P, Caffarelli E. RNA Deregulation in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: The Noncoding Perspective. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:10285. [PMID: 34638636 PMCID: PMC8508793 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
RNA metabolism is central to cellular physiopathology. Almost all the molecular pathways underpinning biological processes are affected by the events governing the RNA life cycle, ranging from transcription to degradation. The deregulation of these processes contributes to the onset and progression of human diseases. In recent decades, considerable efforts have been devoted to the characterization of noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) and to the study of their role in the homeostasis of the nervous system (NS), where they are highly enriched. Acting as major regulators of gene expression, ncRNAs orchestrate all the steps of the differentiation programs, participate in the mechanisms underlying neural functions, and are crucially implicated in the development of neuronal pathologies, among which are neurodegenerative diseases. This review aims to explore the link between ncRNA dysregulation and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), the most frequent motoneuron (MN) disorder in adults. Notably, defective RNA metabolism is known to be largely associated with this pathology, which is often regarded as an RNA disease. We also discuss the potential role that these transcripts may play as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pietro Laneve
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Research Council, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Tollis
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology Charles Darwin, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Elisa Caffarelli
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Research Council, 00185 Rome, Italy
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25
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Biomolecular Modifications Linked to Oxidative Stress in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: Determining Promising Biomarkers Related to Oxidative Stress. Processes (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/pr9091667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Reduction–oxidation reactions are essential to cellular homeostasis. Oxidative stress transcends physiological antioxidative system damage to biomolecules, including nucleic acids and proteins, and modifies their structures. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is the most common adult-onset motor neuron disease. The cells present in the central nervous system, including motor neurons, are vulnerable to oxidative stress. Neurodegeneration has been demonstrated to be caused by oxidative biomolecular modifications. Oxidative stress has been suggested to be involved in the pathogenesis of ALS. Recent progress in research on the underlying mechanisms of oxidative stress in ALS has led to the development of disease-modifying therapies, including edaravone. However, the clinical effects of edaravone remain limited, and ALS is a heretofore incurable disease. The reason for the lack of reliable biomarkers and the precise underlying mechanisms between oxidative stress and ALS remain unclear. As extracellular proteins and RNAs present in body fluids and represent intracellular pathological neurodegenerative processes, extracellular proteins and/or RNAs are predicted to promise diagnosis, prediction of disease course, and therapeutic biomarkers for ALS. Therefore, we aimed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms between oxidative stress and ALS, and promising biomarkers indicating the mechanism to determine whether therapy targeting oxidative stress can be fundamental for ALS.
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26
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Wang H. MicroRNAs, Multiple Sclerosis, and Depression. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22157802. [PMID: 34360568 PMCID: PMC8346048 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22157802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic disease of the central nervous system that affects the brain and spinal cord. There are several disease courses in MS including relapsing–remitting MS (RRMS), primary progressive MS (PPMS), and secondary progressive MS (SPMS). Up to 50% of MS patients experience depressive disorders. Major depression (MD) is a serious comorbidity of MS. Many dysfunctions including neuroinflammation, peripheral inflammation, gut dysbiosis, chronic oxidative and nitrosative stress, and neuroendocrine and mitochondrial abnormalities may contribute to the comorbidity between MS and MD. In addition to these actions, medical treatment and microRNA (miRNA) regulation may also be involved in the mechanisms of the comorbidity between MS and MD. In the study, I review many common miRNA biomarkers for both diseases. These common miRNA biomarkers may help further explore the association between MS and MD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiuying Wang
- Institute of Statistics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
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27
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Suster I, Feng Y. Multifaceted Regulation of MicroRNA Biogenesis: Essential Roles and Functional Integration in Neuronal and Glial Development. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22136765. [PMID: 34201807 PMCID: PMC8269442 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22136765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, non-coding RNAs that function as endogenous gene silencers. Soon after the discovery of miRNAs, a subset of brain-enriched and brain-specific miRNAs were identified and significant advancements were made in delineating miRNA function in brain development. However, understanding the molecular mechanisms that regulate miRNA biogenesis in normal and diseased brains has become a prevailing challenge. Besides transcriptional regulation of miRNA host genes, miRNA processing intermediates are subjected to multifaceted regulation by canonical miRNA processing enzymes, RNA binding proteins (RBPs) and epitranscriptomic modifications. Further still, miRNA activity can be regulated by the sponging activity of other non-coding RNA classes, namely circular RNAs (circRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs). Differential abundance of these factors in neuronal and glial lineages partly underlies the spatiotemporal expression and function of lineage-specific miRNAs. Here, we review the continuously evolving understanding of the regulation of neuronal and glial miRNA biogenesis at the transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels and the cooperativity of miRNA species in targeting key mRNAs to drive lineage-specific development. In addition, we review dysregulation of neuronal and glial miRNAs and the detrimental impacts which contribute to developmental brain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yue Feng
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-404-727-0351
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28
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Hayman DJ, Modebadze T, Charlton S, Cheung K, Soul J, Lin H, Hao Y, Miles CG, Tsompani D, Jackson RM, Briggs MD, Piróg KA, Clark IM, Barter MJ, Clowry GJ, LeBeau FEN, Young DA. Increased hippocampal excitability in miR-324-null mice. Sci Rep 2021; 11:10452. [PMID: 34001919 PMCID: PMC8129095 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-89874-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs are non-coding RNAs that act to downregulate the expression of target genes by translational repression and degradation of messenger RNA molecules. Individual microRNAs have the ability to specifically target a wide array of gene transcripts, therefore allowing each microRNA to play key roles in multiple biological pathways. miR-324 is a microRNA predicted to target thousands of RNA transcripts and is expressed far more highly in the brain than in any other tissue, suggesting that it may play a role in one or multiple neurological pathways. Here we present data from the first global miR-324-null mice, in which increased excitability and interictal discharges were identified in vitro in the hippocampus. RNA sequencing was used to identify differentially expressed genes in miR-324-null mice which may contribute to this increased hippocampal excitability, and 3'UTR luciferase assays and western blotting revealed that two of these, Suox and Cd300lf, are novel direct targets of miR-324. Characterisation of microRNAs that produce an effect on neurological activity, such as miR-324, and identification of the pathways they regulate will allow a better understanding of the processes involved in normal neurological function and in turn may present novel pharmaceutical targets in treating neurological disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan J Hayman
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Tamara Modebadze
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Sarah Charlton
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Kat Cheung
- Bioinformatics Support Unit, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Jamie Soul
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Hua Lin
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Yao Hao
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 3BZ, UK
- Orthopedics Department, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Yingze District, Taiyuan, 030000, China
| | - Colin G Miles
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Dimitra Tsompani
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Robert M Jackson
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Michael D Briggs
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Katarzyna A Piróg
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Ian M Clark
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Matt J Barter
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Gavin J Clowry
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Fiona E N LeBeau
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - David A Young
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 3BZ, UK.
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29
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Wang H. MicroRNAs, Parkinson's Disease, and Diabetes Mellitus. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22062953. [PMID: 33799467 PMCID: PMC8001823 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22062953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that affects 1% of the population over the age of 60. Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder that affects approximately 25% of adults over the age of 60. Recent studies showed that DM increases the risk of developing PD. The link between DM and PD has been discussed in the literature in relation to different mechanisms including mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and protein aggregation. In this paper, we review the common microRNA (miRNA) biomarkers of both diseases. miRNAs play an important role in cell differentiation, development, the regulation of the cell cycle, and apoptosis. They are also involved in the pathology of many diseases. miRNAs can mediate the insulin pathway and glucose absorption. miRNAs can also regulate PD-related genes. Therefore, exploring the common miRNA biomarkers of both PD and DM can shed a light on how these two diseases are correlated, and targeting miRNAs is a potential therapeutic opportunity for both diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiuying Wang
- Institute of Statistics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
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30
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Hussein M, Magdy R. MicroRNAs in central nervous system disorders: current advances in pathogenesis and treatment. THE EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY, PSYCHIATRY AND NEUROSURGERY 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s41983-021-00289-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractMicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of short, non-coding, regulatory RNA molecules that function as post transcriptional regulators of gene expression. Altered expression of multiple miRNAs was found to be extensively involved in the pathogenesis of different neurological disorders including Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, stroke, epilepsy, multiple sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and Huntington’s disease. miRNAs are implicated in the pathogenesis of excitotoxicity, apoptosis, oxidative stress, inflammation, neurogenesis, angiogenesis, and blood–brain barrier protection. Consequently, miRNAs can serve as biomarkers for different neurological disorders. In recent years, advances in the miRNA field led to identification of potentially novel prospects in the development of new therapies for incurable CNS disorders. MiRNA-based therapeutics include miRNA mimics and inhibitors that can decrease or increase the expression of target genes. Better understanding of the mechanisms by which miRNAs are implicated in the pathogenesis of neurological disorders may provide novel targets to researchers for innovative therapeutic strategies.
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31
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Talebi M, Talebi M, Kakouri E, Farkhondeh T, Pourbagher-Shahri AM, Tarantilis PA, Samarghandian S. Tantalizing role of p53 molecular pathways and its coherent medications in neurodegenerative diseases. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 172:93-103. [PMID: 33440210 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.01.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are incongruous, commonly age-related disorders characterized by progressive neuronal loss, comprising the most prevalent being Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and Huntington's disease. Perilous health states are anticipated following the neurodegeneration. Their etiology remains largely ambiguous, while various mechanisms are ascribed to their pathogenesis. A recommended conception is regarding the role of p53, as a transcription factor regulating numerous cellular pathways comprising apoptosis. Neuronal fates are a feasible occurrence that contributes to all neurodegenerative diseases. In this work, we review the research investigated the potential role of p53 in the pathogenesis of these diseases. We put special emphasis on intricate We not only describe aberrant changes in p53 level/activity observed in CNS regions affected by particular diseases but, most importantly, put special attention to the complicated reciprocal tuning connections prevailing between p53 and molecules considered in pathological hallmarks of these disorders. Natural and synthetic medications regulating p53 expression are regarded as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjan Talebi
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Talebi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, United States
| | - Eleni Kakouri
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Tahereh Farkhondeh
- Medical Toxicology and Drug Abuse Research Center (MTDRC), Birjand University of Medical Sciences (BUMS), Birjand, Iran; Faculty of Pharmacy, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | | | - Petros A Tarantilis
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Saeed Samarghandian
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran.
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32
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Eyileten C, Sharif L, Wicik Z, Jakubik D, Jarosz-Popek J, Soplinska A, Postula M, Czlonkowska A, Kaplon-Cieslicka A, Mirowska-Guzel D. The Relation of the Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor with MicroRNAs in Neurodegenerative Diseases and Ischemic Stroke. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:329-347. [PMID: 32944919 PMCID: PMC7695657 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-02101-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a member of the neurotrophin family of growth factors that plays a crucial role in the development of the nervous system while supporting the survival of existing neurons and instigating neurogenesis. Altered levels of BDNF, both in the circulation and in the central nervous system (CNS), have been reported to be involved in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Huntington's disease (HD), multiple sclerosis (MS), and ischemic stroke. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of non-coding RNAs found in body fluids such as peripheral blood and cerebrospinal fluid. Several different miRNAs, and their target genes, are recognized to be involved in the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative and neurovascular diseases. Thus, they present as promising biomarkers and a novel treatment approach for CNS disorders. Currently, limited studies provide viable evidence of miRNA-mediated post-transcriptional regulation of BDNF. The aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive assessment of the current knowledge regarding the potential diagnostic and prognostic values of miRNAs affecting BDNF expression and its role as a CNS disorders and neurovascular disease biomarker. Moreover, a novel therapeutic approach in neurodegenerative diseases and ischemic stroke targeting miRNAs associated with BDNF will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ceren Eyileten
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Warsaw, Center for Preclinical Research and Technology CEPT, Banacha 1B Str., 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Lucia Sharif
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Warsaw, Center for Preclinical Research and Technology CEPT, Banacha 1B Str., 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Zofia Wicik
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Warsaw, Center for Preclinical Research and Technology CEPT, Banacha 1B Str., 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
- Centro de Matemática, Computação e Cognição, Universidade Federal do ABC, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daniel Jakubik
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Warsaw, Center for Preclinical Research and Technology CEPT, Banacha 1B Str., 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Jarosz-Popek
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Warsaw, Center for Preclinical Research and Technology CEPT, Banacha 1B Str., 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Soplinska
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Warsaw, Center for Preclinical Research and Technology CEPT, Banacha 1B Str., 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marek Postula
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Warsaw, Center for Preclinical Research and Technology CEPT, Banacha 1B Str., 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Czlonkowska
- 2nd Department of Neurology, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, 02-957 Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Dagmara Mirowska-Guzel
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Warsaw, Center for Preclinical Research and Technology CEPT, Banacha 1B Str., 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
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Selective toxicity of antibacterial agents-still a valid concept or do we miss chances and ignore risks? Infection 2020; 49:29-56. [PMID: 33367978 PMCID: PMC7851017 DOI: 10.1007/s15010-020-01536-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Selective toxicity antibacteribiotics is considered to be due to interactions with targets either being unique to bacteria or being characterized by a dichotomy between pro- and eukaryotic pathways with high affinities of agents to bacterial- rather than eukaryotic targets. However, the theory of selective toxicity oversimplifies the complex modes of action of antibiotics in pro- and eukaryotes. METHODS AND OBJECTIVE This review summarizes data describing multiple modes of action of antibiotics in eukaryotes. RESULTS Aminoglycosides, macrolides, oxazolidinones, chloramphenicol, clindamycin, tetracyclines, glycylcyclines, fluoroquinolones, rifampicin, bedaquillin, ß-lactams inhibited mitochondrial translation either due to binding to mitosomes, inhibition of mitochondrial RNA-polymerase-, topoisomerase 2ß-, ATP-synthesis, transporter activities. Oxazolidinones, tetracyclines, vancomycin, ß-lactams, bacitracin, isoniazid, nitroxoline inhibited matrix-metalloproteinases (MMP) due to chelation with zinc and calcium, whereas fluoroquinols fluoroquinolones and chloramphenicol chelated with these cations, too, but increased MMP activities. MMP-inhibition supported clinical efficacies of ß-lactams and daptomycin in skin-infections, and of macrolides, tetracyclines in respiratory-diseases. Chelation may have contributed to neuroprotection by ß-lactams and fluoroquinolones. Aminoglycosides, macrolides, chloramphenicol, oxazolidins oxazolidinones, tetracyclines caused read-through of premature stop codons. Several additional targets for antibiotics in human cells have been identified like interaction of fluoroquinolones with DNA damage repair in eukaryotes, or inhibition of mucin overproduction by oxazolidinones. CONCLUSION The effects of antibiotics on eukaryotes are due to identical mechanisms as their antibacterial activities because of structural and functional homologies of pro- and eukaryotic targets, so that the effects of antibiotics on mammals are integral parts of their overall mechanisms of action.
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Wang H. MicroRNA, Diabetes Mellitus and Colorectal Cancer. Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8120530. [PMID: 33255227 PMCID: PMC7760221 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8120530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is an endocrinological disorder that is due to either the pancreas not producing enough insulin, or the body does not respond appropriately to insulin. There are many complications of DM such as retinopathy, nephropathy, and peripheral neuropathy. In addition to these complications, DM was reported to be associated with different cancers. In this review, we discuss the association between DM and colorectal cancer (CRC). CRC is the third most commonly diagnosed cancer worldwide that mostly affects older people, however, its incidence and mortality are rising among young people. We discuss the relationship between DM and CRC based on their common microRNA (miRNA) biomarkers. miRNAs are non-coding RNAs playing important functions in cell differentiation, development, regulation of cell cycle, and apoptosis. miRNAs can inhibit cell proliferation and induce apoptosis in CRC cells. miRNAs also can improve glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity. Therefore, investigating the common miRNA biomarkers of both DM and CRC can shed a light on how these two diseases are correlated and more understanding of the link between these two diseases can help the prevention of both DM and CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiuying Wang
- Institute of Statistics, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
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Felicetti T, Cecchetti V, Manfroni G. Modulating microRNA Processing: Enoxacin, the Progenitor of a New Class of Drugs. J Med Chem 2020; 63:12275-12289. [PMID: 32672457 PMCID: PMC8009507 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c00510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The RNA interference (RNAi) process encompasses the cellular mechanisms by which short-noncoding RNAs posttranscriptionally modulate gene expression. First discovered in 1998, today RNAi represents the foundation underlying complex biological mechanisms that are dysregulated in many diseases. MicroRNAs are effector molecules of gene silencing in RNAi, and their modulation can lead to a wide response in cells. Enoxacin was reported as the first and unique small-molecule enhancer of microRNA (SMER) maturation. Herein, the biological activity of enoxacin as SMER is discussed to shed light on its innovative mode of action, its potential in treating different diseases, and the feasibility of using enoxacin as a chemical template for inspiring medicinal chemists. We debate its mechanism of action at the molecular level and the possible impact on future ligand and/or structure-guided chemical optimizations, as well as opportunities and drawbacks associated with the development of quinolones such as SMERs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommaso Felicetti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, via del Liceo 1, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Violetta Cecchetti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, via del Liceo 1, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Manfroni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, via del Liceo 1, 06123 Perugia, Italy
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Gámez-Valero A, Guisado-Corcoll A, Herrero-Lorenzo M, Solaguren-Beascoa M, Martí E. Non-Coding RNAs as Sensors of Oxidative Stress in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:E1095. [PMID: 33171576 PMCID: PMC7695195 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9111095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress (OS) results from an imbalance between the production of reactive oxygen species and the cellular antioxidant capacity. OS plays a central role in neurodegenerative diseases, where the progressive accumulation of reactive oxygen species induces mitochondrial dysfunction, protein aggregation and inflammation. Regulatory non-protein-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are essential transcriptional and post-transcriptional gene expression controllers, showing a highly regulated expression in space (cell types), time (developmental and ageing processes) and response to specific stimuli. These dynamic changes shape signaling pathways that are critical for the developmental processes of the nervous system and brain cell homeostasis. Diverse classes of ncRNAs have been involved in the cell response to OS and have been targeted in therapeutic designs. The perturbed expression of ncRNAs has been shown in human neurodegenerative diseases, with these changes contributing to pathogenic mechanisms, including OS and associated toxicity. In the present review, we summarize existing literature linking OS, neurodegeneration and ncRNA function. We provide evidences for the central role of OS in age-related neurodegenerative conditions, recapitulating the main types of regulatory ncRNAs with roles in the normal function of the nervous system and summarizing up-to-date information on ncRNA deregulation with a direct impact on OS associated with major neurodegenerative conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Gámez-Valero
- Department de Biomedicina, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, C/Casanova 143, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (A.G.-V.); (A.G.-C.); (M.H.-L.); (M.S.-B.)
| | - Anna Guisado-Corcoll
- Department de Biomedicina, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, C/Casanova 143, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (A.G.-V.); (A.G.-C.); (M.H.-L.); (M.S.-B.)
| | - Marina Herrero-Lorenzo
- Department de Biomedicina, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, C/Casanova 143, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (A.G.-V.); (A.G.-C.); (M.H.-L.); (M.S.-B.)
| | - Maria Solaguren-Beascoa
- Department de Biomedicina, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, C/Casanova 143, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (A.G.-V.); (A.G.-C.); (M.H.-L.); (M.S.-B.)
| | - Eulàlia Martí
- Department de Biomedicina, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, C/Casanova 143, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (A.G.-V.); (A.G.-C.); (M.H.-L.); (M.S.-B.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Ministerio de Ciencia Innovación y Universidades, 28046 Madrid, Spain
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Morello G, Salomone S, D’Agata V, Conforti FL, Cavallaro S. From Multi-Omics Approaches to Precision Medicine in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:577755. [PMID: 33192262 PMCID: PMC7661549 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.577755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a devastating and fatal neurodegenerative disorder, caused by the degeneration of upper and lower motor neurons for which there is no truly effective cure. The lack of successful treatments can be well explained by the complex and heterogeneous nature of ALS, with patients displaying widely distinct clinical features and progression patterns, and distinct molecular mechanisms underlying the phenotypic heterogeneity. Thus, stratifying ALS patients into consistent and clinically relevant subgroups can be of great value for the development of new precision diagnostics and targeted therapeutics for ALS patients. In the last years, the use and integration of high-throughput "omics" approaches have dramatically changed our thinking about ALS, improving our understanding of the complex molecular architecture of ALS, distinguishing distinct patient subtypes and providing a rational foundation for the discovery of biomarkers and new individualized treatments. In this review, we discuss the most significant contributions of omics technologies in unraveling the biological heterogeneity of ALS, highlighting how these approaches are revealing diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic targets for future personalized interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Morello
- Institute for Research and Biomedical Innovation (IRIB), Italian National Research Council (CNR), Catania, Italy
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Salvatore Salomone
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Velia D’Agata
- Human Anatomy and Histology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | | | - Sebastiano Cavallaro
- Institute for Research and Biomedical Innovation (IRIB), Italian National Research Council (CNR), Catania, Italy
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The Role of Exosomal microRNAs and Oxidative Stress in Neurodegenerative Diseases. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:3232869. [PMID: 33193999 PMCID: PMC7641266 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3232869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease are aging-associated diseases with irreversible damage of brain tissue. Oxidative stress is commonly detected in neurodegenerative diseases and related to neuronal injury and pathological progress. Exosome, one of the extracellular vesicles, is demonstrated to carry microRNAs (miRNAs) and build up a cell-cell communication in neurons. Recent research has found that exosomal miRNAs regulate the activity of multiple physiological pathways, including the oxidative stress response, in neurodegenerative diseases. Here, we review the role of exosomal miRNAs and oxidative stress in neurodegenerative diseases. Firstly, we explore the relationship between oxidative stress and neurodegenerative diseases. Secondly, we introduce the characteristics of exosomes and roles of exosome-related miRNAs. Thirdly, we summarized the crosstalk between exosomal miRNAs and oxidative stress in neurodegenerative diseases. Fourthly, we discuss the potential of exosomes to be a biomarker in neurodegenerative diseases. Finally, we summarize the advantages of exosome-based delivery and present situation of research on exosome-based delivery of therapeutic miRNA. Our work is aimed at probing and reinforcing the recognition of the pathomechanism of neurodegenerative diseases and providing the basis for novel strategies of clinical diagnosis and treatment.
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Kudela E, Samec M, Koklesova L, Liskova A, Kubatka P, Kozubik E, Rokos T, Pribulova T, Gabonova E, Smolar M, Biringer K. miRNA Expression Profiles in Luminal A Breast Cancer-Implications in Biology, Prognosis, and Prediction of Response to Hormonal Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21207691. [PMID: 33080858 PMCID: PMC7589921 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer, which is the most common malignancy in women, does not form a uniform nosological unit but represents a group of malignant diseases with specific clinical, histopathological, and molecular characteristics. The increasing knowledge of the complex pathophysiological web of processes connected with breast cancercarcinogenesis allows the development of predictive and prognostic gene expressionand molecular classification systems with improved risk assessment, which could be used for individualized treatment. In our review article, we present the up-to-date knowledge about the role of miRNAs and their prognostic and predictive value in luminal A breast cancer. Indeed, an altered expression profile of miRNAs can distinguish not only between cancer and healthy samples, but they can classify specific molecular subtypes of breast cancer including HER2, Luminal A, Luminal B, and TNBC. Early identification and classification of breast cancer subtypes using miRNA expression profilescharacterize a promising approach in the field of personalized medicine. A detection of sensitive and specific biomarkers to distinguish between healthy and early breast cancer patients can be achieved by an evaluation of the different expression of several miRNAs. Consequently, miRNAs represent a potential as good diagnostic, prognostic, predictive, and therapeutic biomarkers for patients with luminal A in the early stage of BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Kudela
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Martin University Hospital and Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University of Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia; (M.S.); (L.K.); (A.L.); (E.K.); (T.R.); (T.P.); (K.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +421-9-0230-0017
| | - Marek Samec
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Martin University Hospital and Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University of Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia; (M.S.); (L.K.); (A.L.); (E.K.); (T.R.); (T.P.); (K.B.)
| | - Lenka Koklesova
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Martin University Hospital and Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University of Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia; (M.S.); (L.K.); (A.L.); (E.K.); (T.R.); (T.P.); (K.B.)
| | - Alena Liskova
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Martin University Hospital and Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University of Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia; (M.S.); (L.K.); (A.L.); (E.K.); (T.R.); (T.P.); (K.B.)
| | - Peter Kubatka
- Department of Medical Biology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia;
| | - Erik Kozubik
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Martin University Hospital and Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University of Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia; (M.S.); (L.K.); (A.L.); (E.K.); (T.R.); (T.P.); (K.B.)
| | - Tomas Rokos
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Martin University Hospital and Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University of Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia; (M.S.); (L.K.); (A.L.); (E.K.); (T.R.); (T.P.); (K.B.)
| | - Terezia Pribulova
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Martin University Hospital and Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University of Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia; (M.S.); (L.K.); (A.L.); (E.K.); (T.R.); (T.P.); (K.B.)
| | - Eva Gabonova
- Clinic of Surgery and Transplant Center, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia; (E.G.); (M.S.)
| | - Marek Smolar
- Clinic of Surgery and Transplant Center, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia; (E.G.); (M.S.)
| | - Kamil Biringer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Martin University Hospital and Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University of Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia; (M.S.); (L.K.); (A.L.); (E.K.); (T.R.); (T.P.); (K.B.)
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Goldshtein H, Muhire A, Petel Légaré V, Pushett A, Rotkopf R, Shefner JM, Peterson RT, Armstrong GAB, Russek‐ Blum N. Efficacy of Ciprofloxacin/Celecoxib combination in zebrafish models of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2020; 7:1883-1897. [PMID: 32915525 PMCID: PMC7545590 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.51174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy of a fixed-dose combination of two approved drugs, Ciprofloxacin and Celecoxib, as a potential therapeutic treatment for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). METHODS Toxicity and efficacy of Ciprofloxacin and Celecoxib were tested, each alone and in distinct ratio combinations in SOD1 G93R transgenic zebrafish model for ALS. Quantification of swimming measures following stimuli, measurements of axonal projections from the spinal cord, neuromuscular junction structure and morphometric analysis of microglia cells were performed in the combination- treated vs nontreated mutant larvae. Additionally, quantifications of touch-evoked locomotor escape response were conducted in treated vs nontreated zebrafish expressing the TARDBP G348C ALS variant. RESULTS When administered individually, Ciprofloxacin had a mild effect and Celecoxib had no therapeutic effect. However, combined Ciprofloxacin and Celecoxib (Cipro/Celecox) treatment caused a significant increase of ~ 84% in the distance the SOD1 G93R transgenic larvae swam. Additionally, Cipro/Celecox elicited recovery of impaired motor neurons morphology and abnormal neuromuscular junction structure and preserved the ramified morphology of microglia cells in the SOD1 mutants. Furthermore, larvae expressing the TDP-43 mutation displayed evoked touch responses that were significantly longer in swim distance (110% increase) and significantly higher in maximal swim velocity (~44% increase) when treated with Cipro/Celecox combination. INTERPRETATION Cipro/Celecox combination improved locomotor and cellular deficits of ALS zebrafish models. These results identify this novel combination as effective, and may prove promising for the treatment of ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hagit Goldshtein
- The Dead Sea Arava Science CenterAuspices of Ben Gurion UniversityCentral Arava86815Israel
| | - Alexandre Muhire
- The Dead Sea Arava Science CenterAuspices of Ben Gurion UniversityCentral Arava86815Israel
| | - Virginie Petel Légaré
- Department of Neurology and NeurosurgeryMontreal Neurological InstituteFaculty of MedicineMcGill UniversityMontrealQCH3A 0G4Canada
| | - Avital Pushett
- NeuroSense Therapeutics LtdMedinat Hayehudim 85Herzeliya4676670Israel
| | - Ron Rotkopf
- Bioinformatics and Biological Computing UnitLife Sciences Core FacilitiesWeizmann Institute of ScienceRehovot7610001Israel
| | - Jeremy M. Shefner
- Barrow Neurological Institute, University of Arizona College of Medicine Phoenix, Creighton University College of Medicine PhoenixPhoenixAZ85013USA
| | | | - Gary A. B. Armstrong
- Department of Neurology and NeurosurgeryMontreal Neurological InstituteFaculty of MedicineMcGill UniversityMontrealQCH3A 0G4Canada
| | - Niva Russek‐ Blum
- The Dead Sea Arava Science CenterAuspices of Ben Gurion UniversityCentral Arava86815Israel
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Wang H. Anti-NMDA Receptor Encephalitis, Vaccination and Virus. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 25:4579-4588. [PMID: 31820697 DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666191210155059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Anti-N-methyl-d-aspartate (Anti-NMDA) receptor encephalitis is an acute autoimmune disorder. The symptoms range from psychiatric symptoms, movement disorders, cognitive impairment, and autonomic dysfunction. Previous studies revealed that vaccination might induce this disease. A few cases were reported to be related to H1N1 vaccine, tetanus/diphtheria/pertussis and polio vaccine, and Japanese encephalitis vaccine. Although vaccination is a useful strategy to prevent infectious diseases, in a low risk, it may trigger serious neurological symptoms. In addition to anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis, other neurological diseases were reported to be associated with a number of vaccines. In this paper, the anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis cases related to a number of vaccines and other neurological symptoms that might be induced by these vaccines were reviewed. In addition, anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis cases that were induced by virus infection were also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiuying Wang
- Institute of Statistics, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
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Wang H. MicroRNAs and Apoptosis in Colorectal Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21155353. [PMID: 32731413 PMCID: PMC7432330 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third leading cause of cancer death in the world, and its incidence is rising in developing countries. Treatment with 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is known to improve survival in CRC patients. Most anti-cancer therapies trigger apoptosis induction to eliminate malignant cells. However, de-regulated apoptotic signaling allows cancer cells to escape this signaling, leading to therapeutic resistance. Treatment resistance is a major challenge in the development of effective therapies. The microRNAs (miRNAs) play important roles in CRC treatment resistance and CRC progression and apoptosis. This review discusses the role of miRNAs in contributing to the promotion or inhibition of apoptosis in CRC and the role of miRNAs in modulating treatment resistance in CRC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiuying Wang
- Institute of Statistics, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
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Karagiannis P, Inoue H. ALS, a cellular whodunit on motor neuron degeneration. Mol Cell Neurosci 2020; 107:103524. [PMID: 32629110 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2020.103524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disease that primarily targets motor neurons. Motor neurons from ALS patients show cytoplasmic inclusions that are reflective of an altered RNA metabolism and protein degradation. Causal gene mutations are found in all cell types even though patient motor neurons are by far the most susceptible to the degeneration. Using induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology, researchers have generated motor neurons with the same genotype as the patient including sporadic ones. They have also generated other cell types associated with the disease such as astrocytes, microglia and oligodendrocytes. These cells provide not only new insights on the mechanisms of the disease from the early stage, but also a platform for drug screening that has led to several clinical trials. This review examines the knowledge gained from iPSC studies using patient cells on the gene mutations and cellular networks in ALS and relevant experimental therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Karagiannis
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, 53 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan.
| | - Haruhisa Inoue
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, 53 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; iPSC-based Drug Discovery and Development Team, RIKEN BioResource Research Center (BRC), Kyoto, Japan; Medical-risk Avoidance based on iPS Cells Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Intelligence Project (AIP), Kyoto, Japan.
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Pham J, Keon M, Brennan S, Saksena N. Connecting RNA-Modifying Similarities of TDP-43, FUS, and SOD1 with MicroRNA Dysregulation Amidst A Renewed Network Perspective of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Proteinopathy. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21103464. [PMID: 32422969 PMCID: PMC7278980 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Revised: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Beyond traditional approaches in understanding amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), multiple recent studies in RNA-binding proteins (RBPs)-including transactive response DNA-binding protein (TDP-43) and fused in sarcoma (FUS)-have instigated an interest in their function and prion-like properties. Given their prominence as hallmarks of a highly heterogeneous disease, this prompts a re-examination of the specific functional interrelationships between these proteins, especially as pathological SOD1-a non-RBP commonly associated with familial ALS (fALS)-exhibits similar properties to these RBPs including potential RNA-regulatory capabilities. Moreover, the cytoplasmic mislocalization, aggregation, and co-aggregation of TDP-43, FUS, and SOD1 can be identified as proteinopathies akin to other neurodegenerative diseases (NDs), eliciting strong ties to disrupted RNA splicing, transport, and stability. In recent years, microRNAs (miRNAs) have also been increasingly implicated in the disease, and are of greater significance as they are the master regulators of RNA metabolism in disease pathology. However, little is known about the role of these proteins and how they are regulated by miRNA, which would provide mechanistic insights into ALS pathogenesis. This review seeks to discuss current developments across TDP-43, FUS, and SOD1 to build a detailed snapshot of the network pathophysiology underlying ALS while aiming to highlight possible novel therapeutic targets to guide future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jade Pham
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of New South Wales, Kensington, Sydney, NSW 2033, Australia;
| | - Matt Keon
- Iggy Get Out, Neurodegenerative Disease Section, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia; (M.K.); (S.B.)
| | - Samuel Brennan
- Iggy Get Out, Neurodegenerative Disease Section, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia; (M.K.); (S.B.)
| | - Nitin Saksena
- Iggy Get Out, Neurodegenerative Disease Section, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia; (M.K.); (S.B.)
- Correspondence:
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Christoforidou E, Joilin G, Hafezparast M. Potential of activated microglia as a source of dysregulated extracellular microRNAs contributing to neurodegeneration in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. J Neuroinflammation 2020; 17:135. [PMID: 32345319 PMCID: PMC7187511 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-020-01822-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is the most common form of motor neuron degeneration in adults, and several mechanisms underlying the disease pathology have been proposed. It has been shown that glia communicate with other cells by releasing extracellular vesicles containing proteins and nucleic acids, including microRNAs (miRNAs), which play a role in the post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression. Dysregulation of miRNAs is commonly observed in ALS patients, together with inflammation and an altered microglial phenotype. However, the role of miRNA-containing vesicles in microglia-to-neuron communication in the context of ALS has not been explored in depth. This review summarises the evidence for the presence of inflammation, pro-inflammatory microglia and dysregulated miRNAs in ALS, then explores how microglia may potentially be responsible for this miRNA dysregulation. The possibility of pro-inflammatory ALS microglia releasing miRNAs which may then enter neuronal cells to contribute to degeneration is also explored. Based on the literature reviewed here, microglia are a likely source of dysregulated miRNAs and potential mediators of neurodegenerative processes. Therefore, dysregulated miRNAs may be promising candidates for the development of therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Greig Joilin
- School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, BN1 9QG, UK
| | - Majid Hafezparast
- School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, BN1 9QG, UK.
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Maguire G, Paler L, Green L, Mella R, Valcarcel M, Villace P. Rescue of degenerating neurons and cells by stem cell released molecules: using a physiological renormalization strategy. Physiol Rep 2020; 7:e14072. [PMID: 31050222 PMCID: PMC6497969 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence suggests that adult stem cell types and progenitor cells act collectively in a given tissue to maintain and heal organs, such as muscle, through a release of a multitude of molecules packaged into exosomes from the different cell types. Using this principle for the development of bioinspired therapeutics that induces homeostatic renormalization, here we show that the collection of molecules released from four cell types, including mesenchymal stem cells, fibroblast, neural stem cells, and astrocytes, rescues degenerating neurons and cells. Specifically, oxidative stress induced in a human recombinant TDP‐43‐ or FUS‐tGFP U2OS cell line by exposure to sodium arsenite was shown to be significantly reduced by our collection of molecules using in vitro imaging of FUS and TDP‐43 stress granules. Furthermore, we also show that the collective secretome rescues cortical neurons from glutamate toxicity as evidenced by increased neurite outgrowth, reduced LDH release, and reduced caspase 3/7 activity. These data are the first in a series supporting the development of stem cell‐based exosome systems therapeutics that uses a physiological renormalization strategy to treat neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greg Maguire
- BioRegenerative Sciences, Inc., San Diego, California.,Auditory Sound Waves, LLC, San Diego, California
| | - Lee Paler
- BioRegenerative Sciences, Inc., San Diego, California.,Auditory Sound Waves, LLC, San Diego, California
| | - Linda Green
- BioRegenerative Sciences, Inc., San Diego, California
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Konovalova J, Gerasymchuk D, Parkkinen I, Chmielarz P, Domanskyi A. Interplay between MicroRNAs and Oxidative Stress in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20236055. [PMID: 31801298 PMCID: PMC6929013 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20236055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 11/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs are post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression, crucial for neuronal differentiation, survival, and activity. Age-related dysregulation of microRNA biogenesis increases neuronal vulnerability to cellular stress and may contribute to the development and progression of neurodegenerative diseases. All major neurodegenerative disorders are also associated with oxidative stress, which is widely recognized as a potential target for protective therapies. Albeit often considered separately, microRNA networks and oxidative stress are inextricably entwined in neurodegenerative processes. Oxidative stress affects expression levels of multiple microRNAs and, conversely, microRNAs regulate many genes involved in an oxidative stress response. Both oxidative stress and microRNA regulatory networks also influence other processes linked to neurodegeneration, such as mitochondrial dysfunction, deregulation of proteostasis, and increased neuroinflammation, which ultimately lead to neuronal death. Modulating the levels of a relatively small number of microRNAs may therefore alleviate pathological oxidative damage and have neuroprotective activity. Here, we review the role of individual microRNAs in oxidative stress and related pathways in four neurodegenerative conditions: Alzheimer’s (AD), Parkinson’s (PD), Huntington’s (HD) disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). We also discuss the problems associated with the use of oversimplified cellular models and highlight perspectives of studying microRNA regulation and oxidative stress in human stem cell-derived neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Konovalova
- Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; (J.K.); (D.G.); (I.P.)
| | - Dmytro Gerasymchuk
- Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; (J.K.); (D.G.); (I.P.)
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, NASU, Kyiv 03143, Ukraine
| | - Ilmari Parkkinen
- Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; (J.K.); (D.G.); (I.P.)
| | - Piotr Chmielarz
- Department of Brain Biochemistry, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 31-343 Krakow, Poland
| | - Andrii Domanskyi
- Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; (J.K.); (D.G.); (I.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +358-50-448-4545
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Klatt CL, Theis V, Hahn S, Theiss C, Matschke V. Deregulated miR-29b-3p Correlates with Tissue-Specific Activation of Intrinsic Apoptosis in An Animal Model of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Cells 2019; 8:cells8091077. [PMID: 31547454 PMCID: PMC6770833 DOI: 10.3390/cells8091077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is one of the most common incurable motor neuron disorders in adults. The majority of all ALS cases occur sporadically (sALS). Symptoms of ALS are caused by a progressive degeneration of motor neurons located in the motor cortex and spinal cord. The question arises why motor neurons selectively degenerate in ALS, while other cells and systems appear to be spared the disease. Members of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway are frequent targets of altered microRNA expression. Therefore, microRNAs and their effects on cell survival are subject of controversial debates. In this study, we investigated the expression of numerous members of the intrinsic apoptotic cascade by qPCR, western blot, and immunostaining in two different regions of the CNS of wobbler mice. Further we addressed the expression of miR-29b-3p targeting BMF, Bax, and, Bak, members of the apoptotic pathway. We show a tissue-specific differential expression of BMF, Bax, and cleaved-Caspase 3 in wobbler mice. An opposing regulation of miR-29b-3p expression in the cerebellum and cervical spinal cord of wobbler mice suggests different mechanisms regulating the intrinsic apoptotic pathway. Based on our findings, it could be speculated that miR-29b-3p might regulate antiapoptotic survival mechanisms in CNS areas that are not affected by neurodegeneration in the wobbler mouse ALS model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina L Klatt
- Ruhr University Bochum, Medical Faculty, Institute of Anatomy, Department of Cytology, 44801 Bochum, Germany.
| | - Verena Theis
- Ruhr University Bochum, Medical Faculty, Institute of Anatomy, Department of Cytology, 44801 Bochum, Germany.
| | - Stephan Hahn
- Ruhr University Bochum, Clinical Research Center, Department of Molecular Gastrointestinal Oncology, 44801 Bochum, Germany.
| | - Carsten Theiss
- Ruhr University Bochum, Medical Faculty, Institute of Anatomy, Department of Cytology, 44801 Bochum, Germany.
| | - Veronika Matschke
- Ruhr University Bochum, Medical Faculty, Institute of Anatomy, Department of Cytology, 44801 Bochum, Germany.
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Signal Exchange through Extracellular Vesicles in Neuromuscular Junction Establishment and Maintenance: From Physiology to Pathology. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20112804. [PMID: 31181747 PMCID: PMC6600513 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20112804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuromuscular junction (NMJ) formation involves morphological changes both in motor terminals and muscle membrane. The molecular mechanisms leading to NMJ formation and maintenance have not yet been fully elucidated. During the last decade, it has become clear that virtually all cells release different types of extracellular vesicles (EVs), which can be taken up by nearby or distant cells modulating their activity. Initially, EVs were associated to a mechanism involved in the elimination of unwanted material; subsequent evidence demonstrated that exosomes, and more in general EVs, play a key role in intercellular communication by transferring proteins, lipids, DNA and RNA to target cells. Recently, EVs have emerged as potent carriers for Wnt, bone morphogenetic protein, miRNA secretion and extracellular traveling. Convincing evidence demonstrates that presynaptic terminals release exosomes that are taken up by muscle cells, and these exosomes can modulate synaptic plasticity in the recipient muscle cell in vivo. Furthermore, recent data highlighted that EVs could also be a potential cause of neurodegenerative disorders. Indeed, mutant SOD1, TDP-43 and FUS/TLS can be secreted by neural cells packaged into EVs and enter in neighboring neural cells, contributing to the onset and severity of the disease.
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50
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Butti Z, Patten SA. RNA Dysregulation in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Front Genet 2019; 9:712. [PMID: 30723494 PMCID: PMC6349704 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2018.00712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is the most common adult-onset motor neuron disease and is characterized by the degeneration of upper and lower motor neurons. It has become increasingly clear that RNA dysregulation is a key contributor to ALS pathogenesis. The major ALS genes SOD1, TARDBP, FUS, and C9orf72 are involved in aspects of RNA metabolism processes such as mRNA transcription, alternative splicing, RNA transport, mRNA stabilization, and miRNA biogenesis. In this review, we highlight the current understanding of RNA dysregulation in ALS pathogenesis involving these major ALS genes and discuss the potential of therapeutic strategies targeting disease RNAs for treating ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoe Butti
- INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, National Institute of Scientific Research, Laval, QC, Canada
| | - Shunmoogum A Patten
- INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, National Institute of Scientific Research, Laval, QC, Canada
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